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Academic literature on the topic 'Précipitations (météorologie) – Variabilité – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Précipitations (météorologie) – Variabilité – Modèles mathématiques"
Gelbert, Christine. "Etude de l'intermittence et de la variabilité des champs de précipitation par une approche stochastique." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10036.
Full textYahyaoui, Abdelaziz. "Variabilité spatiale et modélisation statistique des précipitations du Maroc cisatlasique et transatlantique." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE2034.
Full textThe title given to the whole work is spatial variability and statistical modelisation of rains in cisatlasic and transatlantic Morocco it is based on the data given by 16 stations from 1958 to 1987. Four different parts will be developped : - The first deals with the area which will be studied, the meteorological context, the problems raised and data used in the work. -The second part deals which the annual data after criticizing the series using the doublesmass, principal components and regression residues methods. The lacks in the data were filled by the regional vectors method. The second subdivision of this part is a statistical modelisation of the annual series by the law of Gauss which seems appropriate to explain the annual distribution over the different Moroccan stations. When the average of the annual rains is low, the distribution is normal-root. The principal components exhibits sets of stations characterised by coherent time and spatial variations. - The third deals with the monthly rains. A statistical approach of the quantity of rain higher than o,1 mn by the fuller law and also the study of the average, regimes and gradex. - The fourth part deals with the study of the daily rains approched by the fuller law (montly maxima) and the gumbel's law for the annual maxima the final results are shown in the general conclusion. The illustration is composed of : 12 maps, 98 bibliographical references, 33 drawings, 8 tables and 10 riders
Duchiron, Bertrand. "Variabilité interannuelle de la pluviométrie dans l'espace riverain de l'océan indien." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070022.
Full textThe interannual variability of rainfall in the coastal areas of the Indian ocean was analysed for the period 1946-1975 and regionalized then we establish statistical forcasting models of rainfall from oceano-atmospheric circulation indicators. A set of 130 well-spatially-distributed stations were selected from a pluviometric database. Missing values were statistically replaced and the output dataset was validated. Multivariate analyes (PCA and clustering analysis) were applied on these data to extract 21 homogeneous pluviometric regions. Times series are strongly correlated over a lag period ranging from 1 to 3 months with some atmospheric and oceanic anomaly indices recorded over the Indian and Pacific oceans. .
Guérin, Adrien. "Dynamique de l'écoulement dans un aquifère non confiné." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://hal.science/tel-01884762.
Full textRiver hydrographs generally exhibit intense flood events during which the discharge increases quickly during rainfall, anc decreases slowly afterwards. In this manuscript, we show that the dynamics of groundwater in an unconfined aquifer can account for these features. In the frame of the Dupuit-Boussinesq (shallow-water) approximation, the discharge increase rate ˙Q is a non-linear fonction of the rainfall rate R : ˙Q ∝ R 3/2. After the rain, two consecutive asymptotic regimes compose the drought flow. During the early drought flow, the discharge decreases as the inverse square root of time ( Q ∝ 1/ √ t(Polubarinova-Kochina (1962)). Later, the discharge decreases as the inverse square of time (Q ∝ 1/t 2(Boussinesq, 1903)). A laboratory aquifer (homogeneous and bidimensional) submitted to artificial rainfall confirms the existence of these asymptotic regimes. This simplified experimental setup generates a realistic flood signal, in the absence of surface runoff. Field observation in the catchment of the Quiock Creek, Guadeloiipe reveals a similar behaviour. The water table and the river discharge evolve simultaneously during rainfall, and conform to theory. Like in our laboratory experiment, this aquifer reacts non-linearly to forcing by rainfall. The river discharge from three other catchments (Plynlimon, Wales and Laval, France) confirms this non-linear reaction : ˙Q ∝ R n , with n > 1. The exponent, however, is different from 3/2. A preliminary laboratory experiment suggests that this breakdown of the Dupuit-Boussinesq theory is due to vertical groundwater flow
Quarello, Annarosa. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes d’homogénéisation des données atmosphériques GNSS. Application à l’étude de la variabilité climatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS457.
Full textHomogenization is an important and crucial step to improve the use of observational data for climate analysis. This work is motivated by the analysis of long GNSS Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) data which have not yet been used in this context. These series are affected by inhomogeneities linked to changes in the instrumentation, in the environment, and in the data processing procedure. Due to the natural variability of the series we actually work on the time series of differences, using ERA-Interim reanalysis as reference for the climate signal. A base assumption is that the differences contain only the signature of the abrupt changes from the GNSS series which can be detected by means of a segmentation algorithm. Careful analysis of the segmentation results allows to sort the cases when this assumption is actually not true. The main contribution of this thesis was the development a novel segmentation method dedicated to detecting changes in the mean of the GNSS-ERA-Interim IWV difference series. This segmentation model integrates a periodic bias and a heterogeneous, monthly varying, variance to properly fit the characteristics of the series. The method consists of first estimating the variance using a robust estimator and then estimating the segmentation parameters (the positions of the change-points, the means of the segments) and the periodic bias model in a sequential way. The segmentation parameters and the periodic bias model are estimated iteratively for a fixed number of change-points. The inference is achieved by the classical maximum likelihood procedure using the dynamic programming algorithm for the estimation of the segmentation parameters which provides the exact solution in a reasonable amount of time. The procedure is repeated for all the numbers of change-points tested between 0 and a maximum (about 30). Finally, the optimal number of change-points is chosen using a penalized model selection strategy. Several criteria are tested. The method is implemented in the R GNSSseg package available on CRAN. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by numerical simulations. An application for a real dataset of 120 global GNSS stations in the global IGS network is presented for the period from January 1995 to December 2010. Inspection of the results reveals that the detected change-points contain a fraction (~ 20 %) of outliers which are characterized by double detections with two large offsets, generally of opposite signs, close together, e.g. a few tens of days apart. In order to detect and eliminate the outliers a screening method was developed. The final set of change-points is validated with respect to GNSS metadata which contain information on equipment changes that occurred at the stations. The percentage of validation remains moderate at the level of 20 % despite all the changes are statistically significant. Some of the change-points may actually be due to the reference series (ERA-Interim). Finally, the segmentation information (dates of the change-points) is included in a linear regression algorithm which is used to estimate the GNSS IWV trends. The estimated trends are tested for significance and compared to the ERA-Interim trends. Higher spatial consistency in the GNSS trends and improved consistency is found after homogenisation with ERA-Interim in regions where the reanalysis is known to perform well. [...]
Sempere, Torres Daniel. "Calcul de la lame ruisselée dans la modélisation pluie-débit : limitations des approches globales et introduction simplifiée de la topographie et de la variabilité spatiale des pluies : applications aux bassins versants du Gardon d'Anduze et du Réal Collobrier." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694027.
Full textJebri, Beyrem. "Attribution et reconstruction du rôle de la variabilité interne et des forçages externes sur le climat passé récent et du dernier millénaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS162.
Full textUsing large ensembles of IPSLCM5A model simulations, we first investigate the roles of internal variability (and in particular the IPO) and external forcing in driving recent Peru-Chile regional cooling. The simulations reproduce the relative cooling, in response to an externally-forced southerly wind anomaly, which strengthens the upwelling off Chile in recent decades. This southerly wind anomaly results from the expansion of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley Cell in response to increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion since ~1980. An oceanic heat budget confirms that the wind-forced upwelling dominates the cooling near the coast while a wind-forced deepening of the mixed layer drives the offshore cooling, irrespectively of the IPO phase, hence indicating the preeminent role of external forcing. Constraining the climate sensitivity from observations remains however fraught with uncertainties due to the limited instrumental window of observation. In a second part, a data assimilation method is developed to reconstruct past natural variability relying on a particles filter using CMIP-class climate models. Such method is confronted with a problem of degeneracy associated with the resolution of a large problem with a limited number of particles. This issue has been resolved using a statistical emulator of the IPSL model (LIM) as an integration model in a particle filter with resampling. The validation of this new method, called SIR-LIM, allows the reconstruction of the climate variability of the past centuries by assimilating observations and proxy records into a CMIP-class coupled model while preserving the physical coherence along the simulation
Fischer, Claude. "Etude des bandes précipitantes dans un front vérifiant le critère d'instabilité symétrique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30247.
Full textChamsi, Nizar. "Estimation des précipitations à partir de la réflectivité radar dans les systèmes convectifs tropicaux." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30134.
Full textTenorio, Ricardo Sarmento. "Etude statistique de la distribution de taille des cellules de pluie : implications pour l'estimation des champs de précipitation par radar." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30167.
Full textBooks on the topic "Précipitations (météorologie) – Variabilité – Modèles mathématiques"
Hélie, Robert G. Planimétries comparées de bassins versants: Applications à l'échelle régionale et nationale. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 1989.
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