Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prechamber

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Prechamber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Prechamber"

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Ciampolini, Marco, Simone Bigalli, Francesco Balduzzi, Alessandro Bianchini, Luca Romani, and Giovanni Ferrara. "CFD Analysis of the Fuel–Air Mixture Formation Process in Passive Prechambers for Use in a High-Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) Two-Stroke Engine." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 2846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112846.

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The research on two-stroke engines has been focused lately on the development of direct injection systems for reducing the emissions of hydrocarbons by minimizing the fuel short-circuiting. Low temperature combustion (LTC) may be the next step to further improve emissions and fuel consumption; however, LTC requires unconventional ignition systems. Jet ignition, i.e., the use of prechambers to accelerate the combustion process, turned out to be an effective way to perform LTC. The present work aims at proving the feasibility of adopting passive prechambers in a high-pressure, direct injection, two-stroke engine through non-reactive computational fluid dynamics analyses. The goal of the analysis is the evaluation of the prechamber performance in terms of both scavenging efficiency of burnt gases and fuel/air mixture formation inside the prechamber volume itself, in order to guarantee the mixture ignitability. Two prechamber geometries, featuring different aspect ratios and orifice numbers, were investigated. The analyses were replicated for two different locations of the injection and for three operating conditions of the engine in terms of revolution speed and load. Upon examination of the results, the effectiveness of both prechambers was found to be strongly dependent on the injection setup.
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Radicchi, Fábio, Raphael M. Braga, Raniro A. Coelho, Roberto B. R. Costa, and Ramon Molina Valle. "Numerical Analysis of a Torch-Ignition System for an Internal Combustion Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.234.

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Torch ignition systems in spark-ignition engines represents an interesting option in the efforts to reduce pollutants emission and specific fuel consumption. Based on this idea, this paper presents a 3D model of a prechamber created for a spark-ignition engine and focuses on the numerical analysis of the fluid flow inside the modified chamber. This kind of analysis is very important once it allowed evaluating aspects like turbulence parameters, pressure inside the chamber and prechamber, fluid recirculation and a possible prechamber’s geometry for the engine. The studies were done in a four valve Single Cylinder Research Engine – SCRE. For the numerical modeling and fluid flow investigation was used STAR-CD software. Results show higher values of tumble ratio and kinetic energy with the prechamber.
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Gombosuren, Nyamsuren, Ogami Yoshifumi, and Asada Hiroyuki. "A Charge Possibility of an Unfueled Prechamber and Its Fluctuating Phenomenon for the Spark Ignited Engine." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020303.

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The demand for internal combustion engines remains high for mobile power sources in all fields due to their low costs, running distance capacity, charging reliability, and heavy driving durability. However, air pollution, efficiency, and environmental factors make this more challenging. According to recent research, using a fueled prechamber can lead to lean combustion in the main chamber, resulting in increased efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and reduced toxic emissions. However, difficulties in producing a fueled prechamber for commercial engines include mixture and soot formation problems in the limited space of the prechamber, and limited research on the charging possibility of the unfueled prechamber. A removable prechamber is advantageous for used vehicles because an engine redesign is not required. Therefore, we proposed to use an unfueled prechamber to enhance the lean burning efficiency of the spark ignited (SI) engine and explore the possibility of charging an unfueled, unscavenged prechamber with a fuel-rich mixture. Consequently, investigating the possibility of filling an unfueled prechamber with a fuel-rich mixture without additional fuel delivery or an air control system was the aim of this study. For this purpose, the charge flowrate of the centrally located unfueled prechamber is extensively investigated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), through its design. As a result, a realizable charge flow was detected for the unfueled prechamber in two periods in the inlet and compression strokes. Most importantly, we found fluctuation phenomena in mass flow rates at the inlet stroke directing a charge flow of the richer mixture into an unfueled prechamber without additional systems. Moreover, keeping the charged rich mixture inside the prechamber during the compression stroke is as important as charging the prechamber with the fuel-rich mixture. The study will enable us to produce a removable prechamber to improve the combustion efficiency of port injected engines.
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Liu, Pengzhong, Fang Niu, Xuewen Wang, Fei Guo, Wei Luo, and Naiji Wang. "Influence of the Inner and Outer Secondary Air Ratios on the Combustion Characteristic and Flame Shape of a Swirl Burner with a Prechamber." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (July 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4363016.

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The swirl burner with a prechamber was used in a 14 MW pulverized-coal combustion experiment to investigate the influence of inner and secondary air ratios (ISA/OSA) on the combustion characteristic and flame shape in this work. The temperatures and species concentrations in the prechamber were measured via the flue gas analyzer and thermocouples. The flame shape beyond the prechamber outlet was captured by using a high-speed camera. The results showed that the combustion efficiency was increased and low nitrogen combustion was achieved by adopting the swirl burner with a prechamber. The high temperature corrosion and slagging phenomenon did not occur in the prechamber. The influence of ISA/OSA on temperature and species concentration profiles at different areas in the prechamber was different. The flame shape size exhibited an inflection point with increasing ISA/OSA. Considering, comprehensively, the temperature peak, near wall temperature, oxygen-free zone, CO concentration, flame length, flame diameter, and divergence angle, the case of ISA/OSA =1 : 2 had great processing on combustion efficiency and NOx emission. Thus, ISA/OSA = 1 : 2 was selected as the optimized case under experiment conditions.
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Jamrozik, A., and W. Tutak. "Theoretical analysis of air-fuel mixture formation in the combustion chambers of the gas engine with two-stage combustion system." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 779–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0085.

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Abstract The results of theoretical analysis of a mixture formation process during the compression stroke in a prechamber of the IC (internal combustion) gas engine with the stratified mixtures two-stage combustion system were presented in the paper. The course of excess air-fuel ratio changes in prechamber at ignition time λkz in function of degree of the mixture condensation during the compression stroke φ expressing quotient of a temporary cylinder and prechamber volume and maximal value of the volume were estimated. Research concerning λkz sensitivity on changes of rich combustible mixture composition delivered to the prechamber by the additional fuel supply system λko, mixture composition in cylinder _c and degree of filling a prechamber with the rich combustible mixture ξ were performed. According to numerical calculations it was proved that the real gas engine with the two stage combustion system at equal degree requires exact regulation of the three analysed values.
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Crane, M. E., and S. R. King. "Emission Reductions Through Precombustion Chamber Design in a Natural Gas, Lean Burn Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906612.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various precombustion chamber design, operating, and control parameters on the exhaust emissions of a natural gas engine. Analysis of the results showed that engine-out total hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) can be reduced, relative to conventional methods, through prechamber design. More specifically, a novel staged prechamber yielded significant reductions in NOx and total hydrocarbon emissions by promoting stable prechamber and main chamber ignition under fuel-lean conditions. Precise fuel control was also critical when balancing low emissions and engine efficiency (i.e., fuel economy). The purpose of this paper is to identify and explain positive and deleterious effects of natural gas prechamber design on exhaust emissions.
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LoRusso, J. A., P. H. Havstad, E. W. Kaiser, and W. G. Rothschild. "Origins of Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Multi-Fuel, Torch Ignition Assisted Direct Injection Engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 200, no. 1 (February 1986): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_004_02.

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Unthrottled, direct injection ignition assisted (DI–IA) engines have demonstrated DI diesel efficiencies and multi-fuel capabilities. However, high hydrocarbon (HC) emissions have been a problem with this concept. Torch ignition, provided by a separately fuelled small volume prechamber with spark ignition, was applied as a research tool to define the benefits of large volume ignition for controlling HC emissions. Torch ignition was found to be beneficial for HC control relative to the use of single point spark ignition; however, HC levels were higher than those observed from a DI diesel using low emissions technology. To assist in investigating the cause of the higher HC emissions, tracer experiments were conducted to verify that prechamber combustion characteristics did not contribute significantly to the total exhaust HC emissions. Separate, but similar, fuels were used for the main chamber and prechamber. Through gas chromatographic analysis of the major exhaust HC species, prechamber combustion was found to contribute substantially less than 20 per cent to the overall HC emissions for the engine conditions studied.
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Xu, Lina, Gang Li, Mingfa Yao, Zunqing Zheng, and Hu Wang. "Numerical Investigation on the Jet Characteristics and Combustion Process of an Active Prechamber Combustion System Fueled with Natural Gas." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 5356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155356.

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An active prechamber turbulent ignition system is a forced ignition method for internal combustion engines fueled with low reactivity fuels, i.e., natural gas and gasoline, which could expand the lean-burn limit, promote flame propagation, and ensure cyclic stability. In the present study, the effects of charge concentration stratifications inside the prechamber on the jet characteristics and combustion process were numerically investigated using CONVERGE software coupled with a reduced methane mechanism by the coupling control of spark timing and prechamber global equivalence ratio. The results show that the jet characteristics and ignition mechanisms can be regulated by controlling the prechamber global equivalence ratio and spark timing. On the one hand, as the prechamber global equivalence ratio increases, the velocity of the jet increases firstly and then decreases, the temperature drops, and OH and CH2O radicals are reduced, but the stable combustion intermediates, CO and H2, are increased. Thus, the ignition mechanism changes from flame ignition (ignition by flame and reactive radicals) to jet ignition (ignition by hot combustion intermediates), and the ignition delay is shortened, but the combustion duration is extended, mainly due to more of the combustion intermediates, CO and H2, downstream of the jet. On the other hand, as spark timing is advanced, the jet velocity and the mass of the OH and CH2O radicals increase, which is conducive to flame ignition, and the ignition delay and combustion duration are reduced.
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Kouremenos, D. A., C. D. Rakopoulos, and D. Hountalas. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Indirect Injection Diesel Engines by Two-Zone Modeling of Combustion." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906468.

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This work presents a thermodynamic analysis of a naturally aspirated, four-stroke, diesel engine with a swirl prechamber, under firing conditions during the open and closed part of the cycle. For calculating the heat exchange between gas and walls in both the main chamber and (swirl) prechamber, the relevant characteristic velocities and lengths are calculated by setting up a zero-dimensional energy cascade turbulence model. One-dimensional, quasi-steady, compressible flow with heat transfer inside the throat passageway connecting the two chambers is used. Combustion in both the main chamber and the swirl prechamber is attacked by proposing a two-zone combustion model, and following the movement of the spray plume inside an air solid body rotation environment in the prechamber and its later progression into the main chamber through the connecting throat. To validate the analysis, an extensive experimental investigation is undertaken at the laboratory of the authors on a flexible Ricardo, single-cylinder, swirl chamber diesel engine, and evaluating its performance in a wide range of operating conditions. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical results obtained from the computer program implementing the analysis.
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PIELECHA, Ireneusz. "Numerical investigation of lambda-value prechamber ignition in heavy duty natural gas engine." Combustion Engines 181, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-205.

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Turbulent Jet Ignition systems are mainly dedicated to the combustion of lean mixtures of natural gas in heavy duty engines. The use of such a system in combination with lean mixtures leads to an increase in its overall efficiency. The article presents simulation analyzes of the impact of the excess air coefficient occurring in prechamber on the combustion process: combustion indicators and emission indicators. Tests on a single-cylinder engine with a displacement of about 4 dm3 at medium mixture (IMEP = 1.0 MPa) were carried out using the AVL Fire software. It was found that the incineration of global lean mixtures (lambda = 2) is effective when initiating this process (in the prechamber) with a charge of a stoichiometric composition. A strong relationship was found between the thermodynamic indicators in both prechamber and main chamber and the excess air coefficient initiating combustion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prechamber"

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Norum, Viggo Lauritz. "Analysis of Ignition and Combustion in Otto Lean-Burn Engines with Prechambers." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Marine Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2185.

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Otto-engines in which the combustion chamber has richer fuel/air mix close to the ignition source and leaner charge further away from the ignition source are often called "stratified charge engines". Stratified charge can be used to increase the combustion speed in an internal combustion engine and thereby enable the engine to run on a fuel/air mix that would normally burn too slowly or not burn at all. The use of prechambers is one way to obtain stratified charge.

This thesis presents and uses methods for studying a prechamber more or less indepently from the rest of the engine.

When the prechamber is studied like an engine of itself, then the output of the "engine" is not mechanical power, but rather one or more hot jets into the main chamber. "Prechamber efficiencies" can be defined based on how much of the initial chemical energy is delivered as kinetic or thermal energy into the main chamber. Models of other important characteristics including the jet length and duration are also presented and used.

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HUANG, GING-XIANG, and 黃慶祥. "Effects of two-stage mixing of fuel on a prechamber diesel engine." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60530635130623048070.

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Foster, Matthew. "Design of a hydrogen injection system for a prechamber hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine." 2009. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=958055&T=F.

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Bigalli, Simone. "CFD analysis of the combustion process in a 4-stroke engine equipped with different passive prechamber using a detailed chemistry solver." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1245179.

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The combustion process of a 4-stroke PFI gasoline engine equipped with a passive prechamber has been investigated through three dimensional CFD analysis. The goal was to analyse the behaviour of the flame front during the entire combustion process and to evaluate the improvements in terms of both combustion speed and ignitability of lean mixtures. The trade-off between the accuracy and complexity of the numerical approach and computational costs was assessed by adopting two different combustion models, with different detail level, for the simulation of the engine cycle: a detailed chemistry model and a flame surface density model.
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Book chapters on the topic "Prechamber"

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Frolov, S. M., V. S. Aksenov, and V. Y. Basevich. "Shock-to-detonation transition due to shock interaction with prechamber-jet cloud." In Shock Waves, 359–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85168-4_57.

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Asanuma, T., T. Iijima, and K. Katayama. "Flow Characteristics of An Unsteady Jet Ejected into A Prechamber Spark Ignition Engine." In Laser Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion, 35–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45635-0_5.

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Golovastov, S., G. Bivol, and V. Golub. "On the Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Narrow Tube with Varying Prechamber-Initiator." In 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1, 369–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46213-4_62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Prechamber"

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Kammerstätter, S., and T. Sattelmayer. "Influence of Prechamber-Geometry and Operating-Parameters on Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Lean Large-Bore Natural Gas Engines." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81180.

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Lean large-bore natural gas engines are usually equipped with gas-scavenged prechambers. After ignition and during combustion in the prechamber hot reacting jets penetrate the main chamber and provide much higher ignition energies than electric spark plugs. Although prechambers stabilize combustion, limitations of the concept are observed at very lean main chamber mixtures and large cylinder diameters, which appear as cycle-to-cycle variations of heat release and pressure. At the Thermodynamics Institute of the Technical University of Munich cycle-to-cycle variations are investigated in an unique periodically chargeable high pressure combustion cell with full optical access to the entire main chamber. Recently, the influence of the ignition timing, the amount of scavenge-gas of the prechamber and the cross section of the prechamber exit orifices on cycle-to-cycle variations have been studied. From the pressure traces characteristic parameters of the combustion process like the ignition probability, the ignition delay and the rate of the pressure rise have been derived. By analysing the emission of OH*-chemiluminescence in terms of reacting area and light emission and on the basis of numerical simulations information on the source of cycle-to-cycle variations is obtained. Finally it is shown that cycle-to-cycle variations can be reduced remarkably by appropriate selection and combination of prechamber geometry and operating parameters.
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Olsen, Daniel B., and Allan T. Kirkpatrick. "Experimental Examination of Prechamber Heat Release in a Large Bore Natural Gas Engine." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40133.

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A common solution to reducing NOX emissions to meet new emissions regulations has been lean burn combustion. However, with very lean air/fuel (A/F) ratios, both carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions become unacceptably high due to spark misfiring and combustion instabilities. In order to mitigate this, a prechamber ignition system is often used to stabilize combustion at very lean A/F ratios. In this paper, the heat release in a retrofit prechamber system installed on a large bore natural gas engine is examined. The heat release analysis is based on dynamic pressure measurements both in the main chamber and prechamber. The Woschni correlation is utilized to model heat transfer. Based on heat release modeling and test data analysis the following observations are made. Main chamber heat release rates are much more rapid for prechamber ignition compared to spark ignition. During combustion in the prechamber much of the fuel flows into the main chamber un-reacted. About 52% of the mass in the prechamber, at ignition, flows into the main chamber during prechamber combustion. Prechamber total heat release, pressure rise, and maximum jet velocity all increase with increasing prechamber equivalence ratio. Prechamber combustion duration and coefficient of variation of peak pressure are minimized at a prechamber equivalence ratio of about 1.09, which corresponds roughly to the equivalence ratio of highest laminar flame speed. The above performance optimum does not correspond to the equivalence ratio where the most prechamber energy is released.
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Kammerstätter, S., S. Bauer, and T. Sattelmayer. "Jet-Penetration in Prechamber-Ignited Lean Large-Bore Natural Gas Engines." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92031.

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Combustion in lean large-bore natural gas engines is usually initiated by gas-scavenged prechambers. The hot reacting products of the combustion in the prechamber penetrate the main chamber as reacting jets, providing high ignition energy for the lean main chamber charge. The shape and intensity of the reaction zone in these jets are the key elements for efficient ignition and heat release in the main chamber. The influence of geometrical and operational parameters on the reaction during jet penetration was investigated in detail. As the periodically chargeable high pressure combustion cell used in the study provides full optical access to the entire main chamber the evolution of the spatial distribution of the reaction zones was investigated in terms of OH*-chemiluminescence. As jet penetration is a very fast and highly transient process the emission of OH* was recorded at a frequency of f = 30000 Hz. The macroscopic reaction zone parameters in the jet region (penetration length and angle, reacting area and light emission) reveal the influence of orifice size and prechamber gas injection on the heat release in the shear layer between the jet and the lean charge in the main chamber. In addition, the influence of the development of the reaction in these zones on the ignition probability and the main chamber pressure rise is shown. With an appropriate selection of the combination of the prechamber orifice geometry and the operating parameters significant improvements of ignition probability and heat release in the main chamber were obtained.
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Kirkpatrick, Allan, Gi-Heon Kim, and Daniel Olsen. "CFD Modeling of the Performance of a Prechamber for Use in a Large Bore Natural Gas Engine." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1049.

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The topic of this paper is the performance of a prechamber for use in a large bore two stroke natural gas engine. With increased regulation of emissions from stationary natural gas engines, there has been interest in modification of the combustion process, such as extending the lean limit, to reduce NOx emissions. One promising combustion technique uses an ignition prechamber. CFD models of a prechamber and the cylinder were developed in order to simulate the performance of a prechamber ignition system. The modeling included a full three dimensional transient analysis with scavenging, moving piston, and main chamber fuel injection. The CFD analysis included the fuel injection into the prechamber, pressurization by the inflowing main chamber gases, spark ignition, combustion, and flame propagation into the main combustion chamber. The computations indicated that the prechamber is more well mixed than the main engine chamber, with the prechamber mixture close to stoichiometric for better ignition. There is a strong, well-organized vortex in the prechamber induced by the incoming jet from the main chamber. The combustion flame in the prechamber travels in the direction of the gas vortex along lines of increasing equivalence ratio. The flame then propagates across the main cylinder in a very uniform fashion, indicating that there is sufficient energy to ignite the lean, partially mixed mixture in the main chamber. The orientation of the prechamber nozzle was also investigated, and an orientation of twenty degrees relative to the main chamber was found to produce a flame that did not impinge on the piston.
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Joshi, Sachin, Frank Loccisano, Azer P. Yalin, and Dave T. Montgomery. "On Comparative Performance Testing of Prechamber and Open Chamber Laser Ignition." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35058.

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Laser ignition is a potential ignition technology to achieve reliable lean burn ignition in high brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) internal combustion engines. The technology has the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions. This submission reports on engine testing of a Caterpillar G3516C stationary natural gas fueled engine with three types of ignition approaches: i) non-fueled electric prechamber plug with electrodes at the base of the prechamber (i.e., conventional ignition), ii) non-fueled laser prechamber plug with laser spark in the middle of the prechamber, and iii) open chamber plug with laser spark in the main chamber. In the second configuration, a stock non-fueled prechamber plug was modified to incorporate a sapphire window and a focusing lens to form a laser prechamber plug. A 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to create laser sparks. For these tests, a single cylinder of the engine was retrofitted with the laser plug while the remaining cylinders were run with conventional electric ignition system at baseline ignition timing of 24 degree before Top Dead Center (BTDC). The performances of the three plugs were compared in terms of Indicated Mean Effective Pressures (IMEP), Mass Burn Fraction Duration and Coefficient of Variation (COV) of IMEP, and COV of Peak Pressure Location. Test data show comparable performance between electric and laser prechamber plugs, albeit with a lower degree of variability in engine’s performance for electric prechamber plug compared to the laser prechamber plug. The open chamber plug exhibited poorer variability in engine performance. All results are discussed in the context of prechamber and engine fluid mechanics.
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Honl, Corey A. "Optimization of a Non-Fueled Prechamber Ignition System for a Lean-Burn, Industrial Natural Gas Engine." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0821.

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A non-fueled prechamber ignition system was developed to provide for controlled and stable combustion to best support the goals of both Waukesha Engine and the ARES program. This paper will provide details and results of efforts undertaken in optimization of the following design aspects: tangential angle of prechamber orifice channels in relation to head-induced cylinder swirl, prechamber orifice diameter, prechamber volume (spark plug recess in precombustion chamber), and recession of the entire precombustion chamber into the cylinder head. A number of important conclusions will be verified and presented based on the development work done on a laboratory engine.
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Chiera, Domenico, Mike Riley, and Gregory J. Hampson. "Mechanism for High Velocity Turbulent Jet Combustion From Passive Prechamber Spark Plug." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92030.

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Next generation passive prechamber spark plugs for high BMEP natural gas engines require long ignition delay for durability, fast combustion for efficiency, and low COV for lean engine operation. Additionally, a successful plug should have long life, low cost, and have a robust knock margin, with best-in-class NOx vs. fuel consumption. This paper discusses the underlying physics of the novel passive prechamber spark plug, the Woodward–Lean Quality Plug (WW-LQP.) The WW-LQP has demonstrated good ignition delay, fast combustion, and low COV at λ > 1.8+, while improving fuel consumption by more than 1% on a lean natural gas engine. The key operating principles are developed for achieving complete combustion of the prechamber “charge”, leading to high prechamber pressure rise and resulting in high velocity turbulent flame jets, which in-turn provides for fast combustion in the main chamber. The design physics are verified by CFD simulations and on-engine experiments, including pressure measurements in both the prechamber and main combustion chamber.
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Uyehara, Otto A. "Prechamber for Lean Burn for Low NOx." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/950612.

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Mairegger, Dominik, Rüdiger Herdin, Lucas Konstantinoff, and Lukas Möltner. "Optimization of Electrode Arrangement and Prechamber Geometry of Passive Prechamber Spark Plugs for Turbocharged Gas Engines With High Charge Motion." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9628.

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Turbocharged gas engines for combined heat and power units are optimized to increase efficiency while observing and maintaining legitimate exhaust gas emissions. In order to do so, the charge motion is raised. This study investigates the influence of passive prechamber spark plugs in high turbulent combustion chambers. The subjects of investigation are two different gas engine types, one of them running on sewage gas the other one on biogas. The occurring charge motions initiated by the cylinder heads are measured by integrative determination of swirl motion on a flow bench. In addition, three different passive prechamber spark plugs are characterized by a combustion analysis. Each of the three spark plugs comes with a different electrode or prechamber geometry. The resulting combustion and operating conditions are compared while the equal brake mean effective pressure and constant NOx-emissions are sustained. The results of the combustion analysis show a rising influence of the spark plug with increasing air-to-fuel-ratio induced by charge motion. Furthermore, clear differences between the spark plugs are determined: electrode arrangement and prechamber geometry help to influence lean misfire limits, engine smoothness, start behavior and ignition delay. The results indicate the capability of spark plugs to increase lifetime and engine efficiency.
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Zangiev, A. E., V. S. Ivanov, and S. M. Frolov. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DEFLAGRATION-TO-DETONATION TRANSITION IN A PULSED DETONATION ENGINE." In 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES, PLASMA, COMBUSTION, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/nepcap2018-2-31.

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The air-breathing pulsed detonation engine (PDE) for an aircraft designed for a subsonic flight when operating on the products of pyrolysis of polypropylene was developed using the analytical estimates and parametric multivariant threedimensional (3D) calculations. The PDE consists of an air intake with a check valve, a fuel supply system, a prechamber-jet ignition system, and a combustion chamber with an attached detonation tube. Parametric 3D calculations allowed choosing the best length of the PDE combustor, which provides an efficient mixing of air with fuel, the best way to ignite the mixture (prechamber-jet ignition), the best location of the prechamber, the minimum length of the section with turbulizing obstacles for flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT), and the best degree of filling the detonation tube with the fuel mixture to achieve the maximum completeness of combustion.
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Reports on the topic "Prechamber"

1

Tonse, S. R., and L. D. Cloutman. The effect of prechambers on flame propagation in a natural-gas powered engine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/206490.

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