Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Precedence effect; Sound location / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Precedence effect; Sound location.

Journal articles on the topic 'Precedence effect; Sound location'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Precedence effect; Sound location.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Tollin, Daniel J., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Psychophysical Investigation of an Auditory Spatial Illusion in Cats: The Precedence Effect." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (October 2003): 2149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00381.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

The precedence effect (PE) describes several spatial perceptual phenomena that occur when similar sounds are presented from two different locations and separated by a delay. The mechanisms that produce the effect are thought to be responsible for the ability to localize sounds in reverberant environments. Although the physiological bases for the PE have been studied, little is known about how these sounds are localized by species other than humans. Here we used the search coil technique to measure the eye positions of cats trained to saccade to the apparent locations of sounds. To study the PE, brief broadband stimuli were presented from two locations, with a delay between their onsets; the delayed sound meant to simulate a single reflection. Although the cats accurately localized single sources, the apparent locations of the paired sources depended on the delay. First, the cats exhibited summing localization, the perception of a “phantom” sound located between the sources, for delays < ±400 μs for sources positioned in azimuth along the horizontal plane, but not for sources positioned in elevation along the sagittal plane. Second, consistent with localization dominance, for delays from 400 μs to about 10 ms, the cats oriented toward the leading source location only, with little influence of the lagging source, both for horizontally and vertically placed sources. Finally, the echo threshold was reached for delays >10 ms, where the cats first began to orient to the lagging source on some trials. These data reveal that cats experience the PE phenomena similarly to humans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Tollin, Daniel J., Luis C. Populin, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Neural Correlates of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus of Behaving Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 6 (December 2004): 3286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00606.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Several auditory spatial illusions, collectively called the precedence effect (PE), occur when transient sounds are presented from two different spatial locations but separated in time by an interstimulus delay (ISD). For ISDs in the range of localization dominance (<10 ms), a single fused sound is typically located near the leading source location only, as if the location of the lagging source were suppressed. For longer ISDs, both the leading and lagging sources can be heard and localized, and the shortest ISD where this occurs is called the echo threshold. Previous physiological studies of the extracellular responses of single neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of anesthetized cats and unanesthetized rabbits with sounds known to elicit the PE have shown correlates of these phenomena though there were differences in the physiologically measured echo thresholds. Here we recorded in the IC of awake, behaving cats using stimuli that we have shown to evoke behavioral responses that are consistent with the precedence effect. For small ISDs, responses to the lag were reduced or eliminated consistent with psychophysical data showing that sound localization is based on the leading source. At longer ISDs, the responses to the lagging source recovered at ISDs comparable to psychophysically measured echo thresholds. Thus it appears that anesthesia, and not species differences, accounts for the discrepancies in the earlier studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Gai, Yan, Janet L. Ruhland, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Behavior and modeling of two-dimensional precedence effect in head-unrestrained cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 2 (August 2015): 1272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00214.2015.

Full text

Abstract:

The precedence effect (PE) is an auditory illusion that occurs when listeners localize nearly coincident and similar sounds from different spatial locations, such as a direct sound and its echo. It has mostly been studied in humans and animals with immobile heads in the horizontal plane; speaker pairs were often symmetrically located in the frontal hemifield. The present study examined the PE in head-unrestrained cats for a variety of paired-sound conditions along the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal axes. Cats were trained with operant conditioning to direct their gaze to the perceived sound location. Stereotypical PE-like behaviors were observed for speaker pairs placed in azimuth or diagonally in the frontal hemifield as the interstimulus delay was varied. For speaker pairs in the median sagittal plane, no clear PE-like behavior occurred. Interestingly, when speakers were placed diagonally in front of the cat, certain PE-like behavior emerged along the vertical dimension. However, PE-like behavior was not observed when both speakers were located in the left hemifield. A Hodgkin-Huxley model was used to simulate responses of neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) to sound pairs in azimuth. The novel simulation incorporated a low-threshold potassium current and frequency mismatches to generate internal delays. The model exhibited distinct PE-like behavior, such as summing localization and localization dominance. The simulation indicated that certain encoding of the PE could have occurred before information reaches the inferior colliculus, and MSO neurons with binaural inputs having mismatched characteristic frequencies may play an important role.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Spitzer, Matthew W., Avinash D. S. Bala, and Terry T. Takahashi. "A Neuronal Correlate of the Precedence Effect Is Associated With Spatial Selectivity in the Barn Owl's Auditory Midbrain." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (October 2004): 2051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01235.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

Sound localization in echoic conditions depends on a precedence effect (PE), in which the first arriving sound dominates the perceived location of later reflections. Previous studies have demonstrated neurophysiological correlates of the PE in several species, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study documents responses of space-specific neurons in the barn owl's inferior colliculus (IC) to stimuli simulating direct sounds and reflections that overlap in time at the listener's ears. Responses to 100-ms noises with lead-lag delays from 1 to 100 ms were recorded from neurons in the space-mapped subdivisions of IC in anesthetized owls (N2O/isofluorane). Responses to a target located at a unit's best location were usually suppressed by a masker located outside the excitatory portion of the spatial receptive field. The least spatially selective units exhibited temporally symmetric effects, in that the amount of suppression was the same whether the masker led or lagged. Such effects mirror the alteration of localization cues caused by acoustic superposition of leading and lagging sounds. In more spatially selective units, the suppression was often temporally asymmetric, being more pronounced when the masker led. The masker often evoked small changes in spatial tuning that were not related to the magnitude of suppressive effects. The association of temporally asymmetric suppression with spatial selectivity suggests that this property emerges within IC, and not at earlier stages of auditory processing. Asymmetric suppression reduces the ability of highly spatially selective neurons to encode the location of lagging sounds, providing a possible basis for the PE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Litovsky, Ruth Y., Brad Rakerd, Tom C. T. Yin, and William M. Hartmann. "Psychophysical and Physiological Evidence for a Precedence Effect in the Median Sagittal Plane." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 2223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2223.

Full text

Abstract:

Litovsky, Ruth Y., Brad Rakerd, Tom C. T. Yin, and William M. Hartmann. Psychophysical and physiological evidence for a precedence effect in the median sagittal plane. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2223–2226, 1997. A listener in a room is exposed to multiple versions of any acoustical event, coming from many different directions in space. The precedence effect is thought to discount the reflected sounds in the computation of location, so that a listener perceives the source near its true location. According to most auditory theories, the precedence effect is mediated by binaural differences. This report presents evidence that the precedence effect operates in the median sagittal plane, where binaural differences are virtually absent and where spectral cues provide information regarding the location of sounds. Parallel studies were conducted in psychophysics by measuring human listeners' performance, and in neurophysiology by measuring responses of single neurons in the inferior colliculus of cats. In both experiments the precedence effect was found to operate similarly in the azimuthal and sagittal planes. It is concluded that precedence is mediated by binaurally based and spectrally based localization cues in the azimuthal and sagittal planes, respectively. Thus,models that attribute the precedence effect entirely to processes that involve binaural differences are no longer viable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mickey, Brian J., and John C. Middlebrooks. "Sensitivity of Auditory Cortical Neurons to the Locations of Leading and Lagging Sounds." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (August 2005): 979–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00580.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

We recorded unit activity in the auditory cortex (fields A1, A2, and PAF) of anesthetized cats while presenting paired clicks with variable locations and interstimulus delays (ISDs). In human listeners, such sounds elicit the precedence effect, in which localization of the lagging sound is impaired at ISDs ≲10 ms. In the present study, neurons typically responded to the leading stimulus with a brief burst of spikes, followed by suppression lasting 100–200 ms. At an ISD of 20 ms, at which listeners report a distinct lagging sound, only 12% of units showed discrete lagging responses. Long-lasting suppression was found in all sampled cortical fields, for all leading and lagging locations, and at all sound levels. Recordings from awake cats confirmed this long-lasting suppression in the absence of anesthesia, although recovery from suppression was faster in the awake state. Despite the lack of discrete lagging responses at delays of 1–20 ms, the spike patterns of 40% of units varied systematically with ISD, suggesting that many neurons represent lagging sounds implicitly in their temporal firing patterns rather than explicitly in discrete responses. We estimated the amount of location-related information transmitted by spike patterns at delays of 1–16 ms under conditions in which we varied only the leading location or only the lagging location. Consistent with human psychophysical results, transmission of information about the leading location was high at all ISDs. Unlike listeners, however, transmission of information about the lagging location remained low, even at ISDs of 12–16 ms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Moore, Christopher A., Jerry L. Cranford, and Angela E. Rahn. "Tracking of a “Moving” Fused Auditory Image Under Conditions that Elicit the Precedence Effect." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 1 (March 1990): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3301.141.

Full text

Abstract:

Pursuit auditory tracking of a fused auditory image (FAI), based on stimulus conditions known to elicit the precedence effect phenomenon in sound localization, was investigated in 36 normal subjects and in a small group of subjects with known neuropathology. Movement of the FAI was simulated by incrementally varying the delay between two clicks presented, one each, from two loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of the listener. The group of normal listeners tracked the movement of the FAI without difficulty and with great accuracy; the perceived location of the FAI varied linearly with the interspeaker delay. The sensitivity of the task in detecting neural timing or integration deficits was investigated in 5 subjects with neuropathology, including subjects with unilateral temporal lobe lesions, multiple sclerosis, or dyslexia. These disorders, previously shown to disrupt neural timing, yielded characteristic patterns of tracking inaccuracy for this task. These subjects had no difficulty localizing either a moving unitary click source or sounds in daily life. These data support the suggestion that sound localization using stimulus conditions known to elicit the precedence effect places greater demands on neural timing and integration than conventional tests of localization, and may provide a more sensitive index of neural function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Cranford, Jerry L., Marci A. Andres, Kristi K. Piatz, and Kay L. Reissig. "Influences of Age and Hearing Loss on the Precedence Effect in Sound Localization." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 2 (April 1993): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3602.437.

Full text

Abstract:

Cranford, Boose, & Moore (1990a) reported that many elderly persons exhibit problems in perceiving the apparent location of fused auditory images in a sound localization task involving the Precedence Effect (PE). In the earlier study, differences in peripheral hearing sensitivity between young and elderly subjects were not controlled. In the present study, four groups of young and elderly subjects, matched with respect to age and the presence or absence of sensorineural hearing loss, were examined to determine the effects of these two factors on performance with the PE task. Although significantly poorer performances on the PE task were found to be associated with both increased age and hearing loss, additional tentative evidence was obtained that the presence of hearing loss may have a relatively greater detrimental effect on the performance of at least some elderly subjects than it does on younger persons.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Brown, Andrew D., Heath G. Jones, Alan Kan, Tanvi Thakkar, G. Christopher Stecker, Matthew J. Goupell, and Ruth Y. Litovsky. "Evidence for a neural source of the precedence effect in sound localization." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 5 (November 1, 2015): 2991–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00243.2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Normal-hearing human listeners and a variety of studied animal species localize sound sources accurately in reverberant environments by responding to the directional cues carried by the first-arriving sound rather than spurious cues carried by later-arriving reflections, which are not perceived discretely. This phenomenon is known as the precedence effect (PE) in sound localization. Despite decades of study, the biological basis of the PE remains unclear. Though the PE was once widely attributed to central processes such as synaptic inhibition in the auditory midbrain, a more recent hypothesis holds that the PE may arise essentially as a by-product of normal cochlear function. Here we evaluated the PE in a unique human patient population with demonstrated sensitivity to binaural information but without functional cochleae. Users of bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) were tested in a psychophysical task that assessed the number and location(s) of auditory images perceived for simulated source-echo (lead-lag) stimuli. A parallel experiment was conducted in a group of normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Key findings were as follows: 1) Subjects in both groups exhibited lead-lag fusion. 2) Fusion was marginally weaker in CI users than in NH listeners but could be augmented by systematically attenuating the amplitude of the lag stimulus to coarsely simulate adaptation observed in acoustically stimulated auditory nerve fibers. 3) Dominance of the lead in localization varied substantially among both NH and CI subjects but was evident in both groups. Taken together, data suggest that aspects of the PE can be elicited in CI users, who lack functional cochleae, thus suggesting that neural mechanisms are sufficient to produce the PE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Dent, Micheal L., Daniel J. Tollin, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Influence of Sound Source Location on the Behavior and Physiology of the Precedence Effect in Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 2 (August 2009): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2009.

Full text

Abstract:

Psychophysical experiments on the precedence effect (PE) in cats have shown that they localize pairs of auditory stimuli presented from different locations in space based on the spatial position of the stimuli and the interstimulus delay (ISD) between the stimuli in a manner similar to humans. Cats exhibit localization dominance for pairs of transient stimuli with |ISDs| from ∼0.4 to 10 ms, summing localization for |ISDs| < 0.4 ms and breakdown of fusion for |ISDs| > 10 ms, which is the approximate echo threshold. The neural correlates to the PE have been described in both anesthetized and unanesthetized animals at many levels from auditory nerve to cortex. Single-unit recordings from the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex of cats demonstrate that neurons respond to both lead and lag sounds at ISDs above behavioral echo thresholds, but the response to the lag is reduced at shorter ISDs, consistent with localization dominance. Here the influence of the relative locations of the leading and lagging sources on the PE was measured behaviorally in a psychophysical task and physiologically in the IC of awake behaving cats. At all configurations of lead-lag stimulus locations, the cats behaviorally exhibited summing localization, localization dominance, and breakdown of fusion. Recordings from the IC of awake behaving cats show neural responses paralleling behavioral measurements. Both behavioral and physiological results suggest systematically shorter echo thresholds when stimuli are further apart in space.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mickey, Brian J., and John C. Middlebrooks. "Responses of Auditory Cortical Neurons to Pairs of Sounds: Correlates of Fusion and Localization." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 1333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1333.

Full text

Abstract:

When two brief sounds arrive at a listener's ears nearly simultaneously from different directions, localization of the sounds is described by “the precedence effect.” At inter-stimulus delays (ISDs) <5 ms, listeners typically report hearing not two sounds but a single fused sound. The reported location of the fused image depends on the ISD. At ISDs of 1–4 ms, listeners point near the leading source (localization dominance). As the ISD is decreased from 0.8 to 0 ms, the fused image shifts toward a location midway between the two sources (summing localization). When an inter-stimulus level difference (ISLD) is imposed, judgements shift toward the more intense source. Spatial hearing, including the precedence effect, is thought to depend on the auditory cortex. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that the activity of cortical neurons signals the perceived location of fused pairs of sounds. We recorded the unit responses of cortical neurons in areas A1 and A2 of anesthetized cats. Single broadband clicks were presented from various frontal locations. Paired clicks were presented with various ISDs and ISLDs from two loudspeakers located 50° to the left and right of midline. Units typically responded to single clicks or paired clicks with a single burst of spikes. Artificial neural networks were trained to recognize the spike patterns elicited by single clicks from various locations. The trained networks were then used to identify the locations signaled by unit responses to paired clicks. At ISDs of 1–4 ms, unit responses typically signaled locations near that of the leading source in agreement with localization dominance. Nonetheless the responses generally exhibited a substantial undershoot; this finding, too, accorded with psychophysical measurements. As the ISD was decreased from ∼0.4 to 0 ms, network estimates typically shifted from the leading location toward the midline in agreement with summing localization. Furthermore a superposed ISLD shifted network estimates toward the more intense source, reaching an asymptote at an ISLD of 15–20 dB. To allow quantitative comparison of our physiological findings to psychophysical results, we performed human psychophysical experiments and made acoustical measurements from the ears of cats and humans. After accounting for the difference in head size between cats and humans, the responses of cortical units usually agreed with the responses of human listeners, although a sizable minority of units defied psychophysical expectations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Fitzpatrick, D. C., S. Kuwada, R. Batra, and C. Trahiotis. "Neural responses to simple simulated echoes in the auditory brain stem of the unanesthetized rabbit." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 2469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2469.

Full text

Abstract:

1. In most natural environments, sound waves from a single source will reach a listener through both direct and reflected paths. Sound traveling the direct path arrives first, and determines the perceived location of the source despite the presence of reflections from many different locations. This phenomenon is called the "law of the first wavefront" or "precedence effect." The time at which the reflection is first perceived as a separately localizable sound defines the end of the precedence window and is called "echo threshold." The precedence effect represents an important property of the auditory system, the neural basis for which has only recently begun to be examined. Here we report the responses of single neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) and superior olivary complex (SOC) of the unanesthetized rabbit to a sound and its simulated reflection. 2. Stimuli were pairs of monaural or binaural clicks delivered through earphones. The leading click, or conditioner, simulated a direct sound, and the lagging click, or probe, simulated a reflection. Interaural time differences (ITDs) were introduced in the binaural conditioners and probes to adjust their simulated locations. The probe was always set at the neuron's best ITD, whereas the conditioner was set at the neuron's best ITD or its worst ITD. To measure the time course of the effects of the conditioner on the probe, we examined the response to the probe as a function of the conditioner-probe interval (CPI). 3. When IC neurons were tested with conditioners and probes set at the neuron's best ITD, the response to the probe as a function of CPI had one of two forms: early-low or early-high. In early-low neurons the response to the probe was initially suppressed but recovered monotonically at longer CPIs. Early-high neurons showed a nonmonotonic recovery pattern. In these neurons the maximal suppression did not occur at the shortest CPIs, but rather after a period of less suppression. Beyond this point, recovery was similar to that of early-low neurons. The presence of early-high neurons meant that the overall population was never entirely suppressed, even at short CPIs. Taken as a whole. CPIs for 50% recovery of the response to the probe among neurons ranged from 1 to 64 ms with a median of approximately 6 ms. 4. The above results are consistent with the time course of the precedence effect for the following reasons. 1) The lack of complete suppression at any CPI is compatible with behavioral results that show the presence of a probe can be detected even at short CPIs when it is not separately localizable. 2) At a CPI corresponding to echo threshold for human listeners (approximately 4 ms CPI) there was a considerable response to the probe, consistent with it being heard as a separately localizable sound at this CPI. 3) Full recovery for all neurons required a period much longer than that associated with the precedence effect. This is consistent with the relatively long time required for conditioners and probes to be heard with equal loudness. 5. Conditioners with either the best ITD or worst ITD were used to determine the effect of ITD on the response to the probe. The relative amounts of suppression caused by the two ITDs varied among neurons. Some neurons were suppressed about equally by both types of conditioners, others were suppressed more by a conditioner with the best ITD, and still others by a conditioner with the worst ITD. Because the best ITD and worst ITD presumably activate different pathways, these results suggest that different neurons receive a different balance of inhibition from different sources. 6. The recovery functions of neurons not sensitive to ITDs were similar to those of ITD-sensitive, neurons. This suggests that the time course of suppression may be common among different IC populations. 7. We also studied neurons in the SOC. Although many showed binaural interactions, none were sensitive to ITDs. Thus the response of this population may not be

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Tollin, Daniel J., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Spectral Cues Explain Illusory Elevation Effects With Stereo Sounds in Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 1 (July 2003): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00107.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

Mammals localize sound sources in azimuth based on two binaural cues, interaural differences in the time of arrival and level of the sounds at the ears. In contrast, the cue for elevation is based on patterns of the broadband power spectra at each ear that result from the direction-dependent acoustic filtering properties of the head and pinnae. Although the exact form of this “spectral shape” cue is unknown, most attention has been directed toward a prominent direction-dependent energy minimum, or “notch,” because its location in frequency, for both humans and cats, moves predictably from low to high as a source is moved from low to high elevations. However, there is little direct evidence that these spectral notches are important elevational cues in animals other than humans. Here we demonstrate a striking illusion in the localization of sounds in elevation by cats using stimulus configurations that elicit summing localization and the precedence effect that can be explained by spectral shape cues.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Tollin, Daniel J., Elizabeth M. McClaine, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Short-Latency, Goal-Directed Movements of the Pinnae to Sounds That Produce Auditory Spatial Illusions." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (January 2010): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00793.2009.

Full text

Abstract:

The precedence effect (PE) is an auditory spatial illusion whereby two identical sounds presented from two separate locations with a delay between them are perceived as a fused single sound source whose position depends on the value of the delay. By training cats using operant conditioning to look at sound sources, we have previously shown that cats experience the PE similarly to humans. For delays less than ±400 μs, cats exhibit summing localization, the perception of a “phantom” sound located between the sources. Consistent with localization dominance, for delays from 400 μs to ∼10 ms, cats orient toward the leading source location only, with little influence of the lagging source. Finally, echo threshold was reached for delays >10 ms, where cats first began to orient to the lagging source. It has been hypothesized by some that the neural mechanisms that produce facets of the PE, such as localization dominance and echo threshold, must likely occur at cortical levels. To test this hypothesis, we measured both pinnae position, which were not under any behavioral constraint, and eye position in cats and found that the pinnae orientations to stimuli that produce each of the three phases of the PE illusion was similar to the gaze responses. Although both eye and pinnae movements behaved in a manner that reflected the PE, because the pinnae moved with strikingly short latencies (∼30 ms), these data suggest a subcortical basis for the PE and that the cortex is not likely to be directly involved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Li, Huakang, Jie Huang, Minyi Guo, and Qunfei Zhao. "Spatial Localization of Concurrent Multiple Sound Sources Using Phase Candidate Histogram." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 9 (November 20, 2011): 1277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p1277.

Full text

Abstract:

Mobile robots communicating with people would benefit from being able to detect sound sources to help localize interesting events in real-life settings. We propose using a spherical robot with four microphones to determine the spatial locations of multiple sound sources in ordinary rooms. The arrival temporal disparities from phase difference histograms are used to calculate the time differences. A precedence effect model suppresses the influence of echoes in reverberant environments. To integrate spatial cues of different microphones, we map the correlation between different microphone pairs on a 3D map corresponding to the azimuth and elevation of sound source direction. Results of experiments indicate that our proposed system provides sound source distribution very clearly and precisely, even concurrently in reverberant environments with the Echo Avoidance (EA) model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Physiological Studies of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat. I. Correlates of Psychophysics." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 1285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1285.

Full text

Abstract:

Litovsky, Ruth Y. and Tom C. T. Yin. Physiological studies of the precedence effect in the inferior colliculus of the cat. I. Correlates of psychophysics. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1285–1301, 1998. The precedence effect (PE) is experienced when two spatially separated sounds are presented with such a brief delay that only a single auditory image at or toward the location of the leading source is perceived. The responses of neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of cats were studied using stimuli that are known to elicit the PE, focusing on the effects of changes in stimulus conditions that a listener might encounter in a natural situation. Experiments were conducted under both free-field (anechoic chamber) and dichotic (headphones) conditions. In free field, the PE was simulated by presenting two sounds from different loudspeakers with one sound delayed relative to the other. Either click or noise stimuli (2- to 10-ms duration) were used. Dichotically, the same conditions were simulated by presenting two click or noise pairs separated by an interstimulus delay (ISD) with interaural time differences (ITDs) imposed separately for each pair. At long ISDs, all neurons responded to both leading and lagging sources as if they were delivered alone. As the ISDs were shortened, the lagging response became suppressed. The ISD of half-maximal suppression varied considerably within the population of neurons studied, ranging from 2 to 100 ms, with means of 35 and 38 ms for free field and dichotic conditions, respectively. Several correlates of psychophysical findings were observed in ICC neurons: suppression was usually stronger with lower overall stimulus level and longer duration stimuli. Suppression also was compared along the azimuth and elevation in free field by placing the lagging source at (0°,0°), which is common to both axes, and the leading sources at locations along either plane that generated similar discharge rates. All neurons that showed suppression along the azimuth also did so in the elevation. In addition, there was a high correlation in the ISD of half-maximal suppression along the two planes ( r = 0.87). These findings suggest that interaural difference cues, which are robust along the horizontal axis but minimal in the median plane, are not necessary for neural correlates of the PE to be manifested. Finally, single-neuron responses did not demonstrate a correlate of build-up of suppression, a phenomenon whereby echo suppression accumulates with ongoing stimulation. This finding adds credibility to theories about the PE that argue for a “higher order” component of the PE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Litovsky, R. Y., and B. Delgutte. "Neural Correlates of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus: Effect of Localization Cues." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 976–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00568.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

The precedence effect (PE) is an auditory phenomenon involved in suppressing the perception of echoes in reverberant environments, and is thought to facilitate accurate localization of sound sources. We investigated physiological correlates of the PE in the inferior colliculus (IC) of anesthetized cats, with a focus on directional mechanisms for this phenomenon. We used a virtual space (VS) technique, where two clicks (a “lead” and a “lag”) separated by a brief time delay were each filtered through head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). For nearly all neurons, the response to the lag was suppressed for short delays and recovered at long delays. In general, both the time course and the directional patterns of suppression resembled those reported in free-field studies in many respects, suggesting that our VS simulation contained the essential cues for studying PE phenomena. The relationship between the directionality of the response to the lead and that of its suppressive effect on the lag varied a great deal among IC neurons. For a majority of units, both excitation produced by the lead and suppression of the lag response were highly directional, and the two were similar to one another. For these neurons, the long-lasting inhibitory inputs thought to be responsible for suppression seem to have similar spatial tuning as the inputs that determine the excitatory response to the lead. Further, the behavior of these neurons is consistent with psychophysical observations that the PE is strongest when the lead and the lag originate from neighboring spatial locations. For other neurons, either there was no obvious relationship between the directionality of the excitatory lead response and the directionality of suppression, or the suppression was highly directional whereas the excitation was not, or vice versa. For these neurons, the excitation and the suppression produced by the lead seem to depend on different mechanisms. Manipulation of the directional cues (such as interaural time and level differences) contained in the lead revealed further dissociations between excitation and suppression. Specifically, for about one-third of the neurons, suppression depended on different directional cues than did the response to the lead, even though the directionality of suppression was similar to that of the lead response when all cues were present. This finding suggests that the inhibitory inputs causing suppression may originate in part from subcollicular auditory nuclei processing different directional cues than the inputs that determine the excitatory response to the lead. Neurons showing such dissociations may play an important role in the PE when the lead and the lag originate from very different directions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Cranford, Jerry L., Michael Morgan, Rosalind Scudder, and Christopher Moore. "Tracking of "Moving" Fused Auditory Images by Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 2 (April 1993): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3602.424.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent investigations (Cranford, Boose, & Moore, 1990a,b; Moore, Cranford, & Rahn, 1990) studied the ability of normal adult subjects to localize sounds under conditions that elicit the Precedence Effect. In different tests, subjects were required either to report the perceived location of a stationary fused auditory image (FAI) or track the apparent motion of a "moving" FAI. Movement of the FAI was simulated by incrementally varying the delay between pairs of clicks presented, one each, from two matched loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of the listener. In the present study, groups of normally developing children, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years of age, were tested with these two procedures. Although subjects performed at normal adult levels with the stationary FAI test, a significant age-related trend was observed with the moving FAI test. The younger children exhibited poorer tracking performances than did the older children. These results provide evidence that significant changes in binaural temporal processing abilities may occur in the early childhood years.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Agaeva, M. "Precedence effect for moving sound." International Journal of Psychophysiology 77, no. 3 (September 2010): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.195.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Brown, Andrew D., G. Christopher Stecker, and Daniel J. Tollin. "The Precedence Effect in Sound Localization." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 16, no. 1 (December 6, 2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-014-0496-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wühle, Tom, Sebastian Merchel, and M. Ercan Altinsoy. "The Precedence Effect in Scenarios with Projected Sound." Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 67, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2018.0074.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Li, Liang, and Bruce A. Schneider. "Gap detection and location in the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (November 2002): 2244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4808579.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Wendt, Florian, and Robert Höldrich. "Precedence effect for specular and diffuse reflections." Acta Acustica 5 (December 16, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2020027.

Full text

Abstract:

Studies on the precedence effect are typically conducted by presenting two identical sounds simulating direct sound and specular reflection. However, when a sound is reflected from irregular surface, it is redirect into many directions resulting in directional and temporal diffusion. This contribution introduces a simulation of Lambertian diffusing reflections. The perceptual influences of diffusion are studied in a listening experiment; echo thresholds and masked thresholds of specular and diffuse reflections are measured. Results show that diffusion makes the reflections more easily detectable than specular reflections of the same total energy. Indications are found that this mainly due to temporal diffusion, while the directional diffusion has little effect. Accordingly, the modeling of the echo thresholds is achieved by a temporal alignment of the experimental data based on the energy centroid of reflection responses. For the modeling of masked threshold the temporal masking pattern for forward masking is taken into account.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fujikawa, Takahiro, and Shigeaki Aoki. "A study on the precedence effect under background sound." Acoustical Science and Technology 32, no. 6 (2011): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.32.268.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Abe, Koji, Shouichi Takane, Masayuki Nishiguchi, and Kanji Watanabe. "Influence of sound source arrangement on the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970371.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Shub, Daniel E., Robert H. Gilkey, and H. Steven Colburn. "The role of the precedence effect in sound source lateralization." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 5 (May 2001): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4744370.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Cranford, Jerry L., Martha Boose, and Christopher A. Moore. "Effects of Aging on the Precedence Effect in Sound Localization." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 4 (December 1990): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3304.654.

Full text

Abstract:

The precedence effect in sound localization can be evoked by presenting identical sounds (e.g., clicks) from pairs of loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of a subject’s head. With appropriate inter-loudspeaker delays, normal subjects perceive a fused image originating from the side of the leading loudspeaker. Separate tests at loudspeaker delays ranging from 0 to 8 ms were presented to groups of young and elderly subjects. At 0 ms delay, young subjects perceived the fused image to be located halfway between the loudspeakers; at progressively longer delays, the image was perceived closer to the leading loudspeaker. Significant numbers of elderly subjects exhibited discrimination difficulties with delays below 0.7 ms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Buchner, Axel, Raoul Bell, Klaus Rothermund, and Dirk Wentura. "Sound source location modulates the irrelevant-sound effect." Memory & Cognition 36, no. 3 (April 2008): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/mc.36.3.617.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Harima, Toshio, Koji Abe, Shouichi Takane, Sojun Sato, and Toshio Sone. "Influence of visual stimulus on the precedence effect in sound localization." Acoustical Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (2009): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.30.240.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Rakerd, Brad, and William Morris Hartmann. "Precedence effect with and without interaural differences−Sound localization in three planes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 4 (October 1992): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.405156.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Huang, J., N. Ohnishi, and N. Sugie. "Sound localization in reverberant environment based on the model of the precedence effect." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 46, no. 4 (1997): 842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.650785.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

van Wijngaarden, Sander J., Adelbert W. Bronkhorst, and Louis C. Boer. "Marking emergency exits and evacuation routes with sound beacons utilizing the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 5 (May 2004): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779984.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Cranford, Jerry L., Martha Boose, and Christopher A. Moore. "Tests of the Precedence Effect in Sound Localization Reveal Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis." Ear and Hearing 11, no. 4 (August 1990): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199008000-00005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Reichert, Michael S., Laurel B. Symes, and Gerlinde Höbel. "Lighting up sound preferences: cross-modal influences on the precedence effect in treefrogs." Animal Behaviour 119 (September 2016): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

KIMURA, T., Y. YAMAKATA, M. KATSUMOTO, and K. KAKEHI. "Localization Model of Synthesized Sound Image Using Precedence Effect in Sound Field Reproduction Based on Wave Field Synthesis." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E91-A, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.6.1310.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Dent, Micheal L., and Robert J. Dooling. "Investigations of the precedence effect in budgerigars: The perceived location of auditory images." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (April 2003): 2159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1560161.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Lee, N., D. O. Elias, and A. C. Mason. "A precedence effect resolves phantom sound source illusions in the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 15 (March 30, 2009): 6357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809886106.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Neil A. Macmillan. "Sound localization precision under conditions of the precedence effect: Effects of azimuth and standard stimuli." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 2 (August 1994): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411390.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Harima, Toshio, Kenta Shiga, Koji Abe, Shouichi Takane, Kanji Watanabe, and Sojun Sato. "Relation between perceived direction of a sound image and the behavior of the precedence effect." Applied Acoustics 74, no. 10 (October 2013): 1122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2013.03.012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Schroeder, Manfred R. "Listening with Two Ears." Music Perception 10, no. 3 (1993): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285570.

Full text

Abstract:

This informal overview of binaural hearing covers directional hearing (in the horizontal and vertical planes), the precedence and Haas effects and their applications in public-address and "assisted-resonance" systems, artificial reverberation, pseudo-stereophony, binaural release from masking, the cocktail-party effect, central-pitch phenomena, Deutsch's octave illusion, the creation of virtual sound images, and the faithful reproduction of concert hall recordings in an anechoic environment for acoustical quality studies. The article concludes with a brief review of sound-diffusing surfaces based on a number theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Dent, Micheal L., and Robert J. Dooling. "Investigations of the precedence effect in budgerigars: Effects of stimulus type, intensity, duration, and location." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (April 2003): 2146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1558391.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Spitzer, Matthew W., and Terry T. Takahashi. "Sound Localization by Barn Owls in a Simulated Echoic Environment." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (June 2006): 3571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00982.2005.

Full text

Abstract:

We examined the accuracy and precision with which the barn owl ( Tyto alba) turns its head toward sound sources under conditions that evoke the precedence effect (PE) in humans. Stimuli consisted of 25-ms noise bursts emitted from two sources, separated horizontally by 40°, and temporally by 3–50 ms. At delays from 3 to 10 ms, head turns were always directed at the leading source, and were nearly as accurate and precise as turns toward single sources, indicating that the leading source dominates perception. This lead dominance is particularly remarkable, first, because on some trials, the lagging source was significantly higher in amplitude than the lead, arising from the directionality of the owl's ears, and second, because the temporal overlap of the two sounds can degrade the binaural cues with which the owl localizes sounds. With increasing delays, the influence of the lagging source became apparent as the head saccades became increasingly biased toward the lagging source. Furthermore, on some of the trials at delays ≥20 ms, the owl turned its head, first, in the direction of one source, and then the other, suggesting that it was able to resolve two separately localizable sources. At all delays <50 ms, response latencies were longer for paired sources than for single sources. With the possible exception of response latency, these findings demonstrate that the owl exhibits precedence phenomena in sound localization similar to those in humans and cats, and provide a basis for comparison with neurophysiological data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Tom C. T. Yin. "Physiological Studies of the Precedence Effect in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat. II. Neural Mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 1302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1302.

Full text

Abstract:

Litovsky, Ruth Y. and Tom C. T. Yin. Physiological studies of the precedence effect in the inferior colliculus of the cat. II. Neural mechanisms. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1302–1316, 1998. We studied the responses of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of cats to stimuli known to evoke the precedence effect (PE). This paper focuses on stimulus conditions that probe the neural mechanisms underlying the PE but that are not usually encountered in a natural situation. Experiments were conducted under both free-field (anechoic chamber) and dichotic (headphones) conditions. We found that in free field the amount of suppression of the lagging response depended on the location of the leading source. With stimuli in the azimuthal plane, the majority (84%) of units showed stronger suppression of the lagging response for a leading stimulus placed in the cell's responsive area as compared with a lead in the unresponsive field. A smaller number of units showed stronger suppression for a lead placed in the unresponsive field, and a few showed little effect of the lead location. In the elevational plane, there was less sensitivity of the leading source to changes in location, but for those cells in which there was sensitivity, suppression was always stronger when the lead was in the cell's responsive area. Studies on stimulus locations also were conducted under dichotic conditions by varying the interaural differences in time (ITD) of the leading source. Results were consistent with those obtained in free field, suggesting that ITDs play an important role in determining the amount of suppression that was observed as a function of leading stimulus location. In addition to location and ITD, we also studied the effect of varying the relative levels of the lead and lag as well as stimulus duration. For all units studied, increasing the level of the leading stimulus while holding the lagging stimulus constant resulted in increased suppression. Similar effects of leading source level were observed in azimuth and elevation. The effect of varying the duration of the leading source also showed that longer duration stimuli produce stronger suppression; this finding was observed both in azimuth and elevation. We also compared the suppression observed under binaural and monaural contralateral conditions and found a mixed effect: some neurons show stronger suppression under binaural conditions, others to monaural contralateral conditions, and still others show no effect. The results presented here support the hypothesis that the PE reflects a long-lasting inhibition evoked by the leading stimulus. Five possible sources for the inhibition are considered: the auditory nerve, intrinsic circuits in the cochlear nucleus, medial and lateral nuclei of the trapezoid body inhibition to the medial superior olive, dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) inhibition to the ICC, and intrinsic circuits in the ICC itself.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Getzmann, Stephan. "The Effect of Spectral Difference on Auditory Saltation." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 1 (January 2008): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.1.64.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Auditory saltation is a spatiotemporal illusion in which the judged positions of sound stimuli are shifted toward subsequent stimuli that follow closely in time and space. In this study, the “reduced-rabbit” paradigm and a direct-location method were employed to investigate the effect of spectral sound content on the saltation illusion. Eighteen listeners were presented with sound sequences consisting of three high-pass or low-pass filtered noise bursts. Noise bursts within a sequence were either the same or differed in frequency. Listeners judged the position of the second sound using a hand pointer. When the time interval between the second and third sound was short, the target was shifted toward the location of the subsequent stimulus. This displacement effect did not depend on the spectral content of the first sound, but decreased substantially when the second and third sounds were different. The results indicated an effect of spectral difference on saltation that is discussed with regard to a recently proposed stimulus integration approach in which saltation was attributed to an interaction between perceptual processing of temporally proximate stimuli.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Baxter, Caitlin S., Brian S. Nelson, and Terry T. Takahashi. "The role of envelope shape in the localization of multiple sound sources and echoes in the barn owl." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00755.2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Echoes and sounds of independent origin often obscure sounds of interest, but echoes can go undetected under natural listening conditions, a perception called the precedence effect. How does the auditory system distinguish between echoes and independent sources? To investigate, we presented two broadband noises to barn owls ( Tyto alba) while varying the similarity of the sounds' envelopes. The carriers of the noises were identical except for a 2- or 3-ms delay. Their onsets and offsets were also synchronized. In owls, sound localization is guided by neural activity on a topographic map of auditory space. When there are two sources concomitantly emitting sounds with overlapping amplitude spectra, space map neurons discharge when the stimulus in their receptive field is louder than the one outside it and when the averaged amplitudes of both sounds are rising. A model incorporating these features calculated the strengths of the two sources' representations on the map (B. S. Nelson and T. T. Takahashi; Neuron 67: 643–655, 2010). The target localized by the owls could be predicted from the model's output. The model also explained why the echo is not localized at short delays: when envelopes are similar, peaks in the leading sound mask corresponding peaks in the echo, weakening the echo's space map representation. When the envelopes are dissimilar, there are few or no corresponding peaks, and the owl localizes whichever source is predicted by the model to be less masked. Thus the precedence effect in the owl is a by-product of a mechanism for representing multiple sound sources on its map.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Tollin, Daniel J., and G. Bruce Henning. "Some aspects of the lateralization of echoed sound in man. I. The classical interaural-delay based precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 5 (November 1998): 3030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423884.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Agaeva, M. Yu, and N. I. Nikitin. "Masker–Signal Interaction in a Localization Task with a Moving Sound Source under the Influence of Precedence Effect." Human Physiology 46, no. 1 (January 2020): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119720010028.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Yang, Xuefeng, and D. Wesley Grantham. "Cross-spectral and temporal factors in the precedence effect: Discrimination suppression of the lag sound in free-fielda)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 5 (November 1997): 2973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.420352.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Litovsky, Ruth Y., and Shelly P. Godar. "Difference in precedence effect between children and adults signifies development of sound localization abilities in complex listening tasks." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (October 2010): 1979–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3478849.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Zhang, Chao, De Jiang Shang, and Qi Li. "Effect of Drive Location on Vibro-Acoustic Characteristics of Submerged Double Cylindrical Shells with Damping Layers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.59.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the modal superposition method, the analytical model of vibration and sound radiation from submerged double cylindrical shells with damping layers was presented. The shells were described by the classical thin shell theory. The damping layers were described by three-dimensional viscoelastic theory. The annular plates, connecting the double shells, were analyzed with in-plane motion theory. For different drive locations of radial point force on the inner shell, the sound radiated power and the radial quadratic velocity of the model were calculated and analyzed. The results show that making the drive location near the annular plate helps to reduce the sound radiated power and radial quadratic velocity of model, and making the drive location far from the middle of model also helps to reduce the sound radiated power. The drive applied on the location of annular plate causes high similarity of vibrations from inner shell and outer shell.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!