Academic literature on the topic 'Precedence effect'

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Journal articles on the topic "Precedence effect"

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Litovsky, Ruth Y., H. Steven Colburn, William A. Yost, and Sandra J. Guzman. "The precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, no. 4 (October 1999): 1633–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.427914.

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Yu, Gongqiang, and Ruth Y. Litovsky. "Multiple echoes precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 5 (May 2007): 3094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4781975.

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Agaeva, M. "Precedence effect for moving sound." International Journal of Psychophysiology 77, no. 3 (September 2010): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.195.

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Freyman, Richard L., Rachel K. Clifton, and Ruth Y. Litovsky. "Dynamic processes in the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90, no. 2 (August 1991): 874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.401955.

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Litovsky, R. Y., M. L. Hawley, B. J. Fligor, and P. M. Zurek. "Failure to unlearn the precedence effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 (November 2000): 2345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1312361.

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Freyman, Richard L., Daniel D. McCall, and Rachel K. Clifton. "Intensity discrimination for precedence effect stimuli." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 4 (April 1998): 2031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.421350.

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London, Sam, Christopher W. Bishop, and Lee M. Miller. "Spatial attention modulates the precedence effect." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 38, no. 6 (December 2012): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028348.

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Aoki, Shigeaki, Naoki Maeda, and Takahiro Fujikawa. "Evacuation system utilizing the precedence effect." Applied Acoustics 163 (June 2020): 107233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107233.

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Brown, Andrew D., G. Christopher Stecker, and Daniel J. Tollin. "The Precedence Effect in Sound Localization." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 16, no. 1 (December 6, 2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-014-0496-2.

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Litovsky, Ruth Y., Brad Rakerd, Tom C. T. Yin, and William M. Hartmann. "Psychophysical and Physiological Evidence for a Precedence Effect in the Median Sagittal Plane." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 2223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2223.

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Litovsky, Ruth Y., Brad Rakerd, Tom C. T. Yin, and William M. Hartmann. Psychophysical and physiological evidence for a precedence effect in the median sagittal plane. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2223–2226, 1997. A listener in a room is exposed to multiple versions of any acoustical event, coming from many different directions in space. The precedence effect is thought to discount the reflected sounds in the computation of location, so that a listener perceives the source near its true location. According to most auditory theories, the precedence effect is mediated by binaural differences. This report presents evidence that the precedence effect operates in the median sagittal plane, where binaural differences are virtually absent and where spectral cues provide information regarding the location of sounds. Parallel studies were conducted in psychophysics by measuring human listeners' performance, and in neurophysiology by measuring responses of single neurons in the inferior colliculus of cats. In both experiments the precedence effect was found to operate similarly in the azimuthal and sagittal planes. It is concluded that precedence is mediated by binaurally based and spectrally based localization cues in the azimuthal and sagittal planes, respectively. Thus,models that attribute the precedence effect entirely to processes that involve binaural differences are no longer viable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Precedence effect"

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Shub, Daniel E. (Daniel Eric) 1974. "The role of the precedence effect in sound source lateralization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86768.

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Tollin, Daniel Joshua. "Some aspects of the lateralization of echoed sound in man." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363729.

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Paterson, Miles Andrew McLean. "Sound localization in reverberant environments : physiological bases of the precedence effect." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445900/.

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Localization dominance, a phenomenon of the precedence effect, refers to the dominance of directional cues conveyed by sound arriving directly from the source over cues conveyed by reflected copies on the perception of sound source location. One theory of localization dominance is that leading sounds suppress neural responses to lagging sounds (Yin, 1994 Litovsky & Yin, 1998 a, b). Neurons in auditory nuclei respond best to a leading sound and have a reduced response to a lagging sound, supporting this hypothesis. It has been proposed that GABA-ergic or glycinergic inhibition suppresses neural responses to lagging sounds (Yin, 1994 Fitzpatrick et al. 1995 Pollack & Burger, 2002). An alternative hypothesis states that cochlear processing in low-frequency hearing animals alters directional cues conveyed by the leading and lagging sound, emphasising those present in the leading sound (Tollin, 1998 Hartung & Trahiotis 2001). Responses of single neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of anaesthetised guinea pigs were recorded to binaural click pair stimuli. Responses of some neurons were recorded before, during, and after iontophoresis of either the GABAa receptor antagonist gabazine, or the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine. Blocking glycine did not decrease neural suppression of the lagging click in 8/10 neurons. Blocking GAB A did not decrease neural suppression of the lagging click in 11/16 neurons. The neural representation of directional cues in the output of low-frequency neurons to the leading click of a binaural click pair differed from those actually conveyed by the stimulus in 20/20 neurons. Examination of the responses of several such neurons indicated responses to the leading click represented a direction between that conveyed by the leading and lagging click. The results supported the hypothesis that cochlear processing of binaural click pairs alters directional cues conveyed by the stimulus. Limited support was also found for the hypothesis that GABA-ergic and glycinergic suppress lagging click responses in some neurons.
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Damaschke, Jörg. "Towards a neurophysiological correlate of the precedence effect from psychoacoustics to electroencephalography /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972146180.

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木村, 純., and June Kimura. "3階層刺激を用いた大域優先性効果の検証." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7565.

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Gomes, Matheus Barreto. "Precedentes judiciais legitimação pelo procedimento." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10761.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo instigar no pensamento da comunidade jurídica uma reflexão crítica e pragmática sobre a nova perspectiva pela qual é percebido o fenômeno dos precedentes judiciais na engrenagem do sistema jurídico brasileiro. Não restam dúvidas de que o papel desempenhado pelos precedentes judiciais no ordenamento jurídico pátrio mudou substancialmente nos últimos anos é dizer os precedentes judiciais passaram da condição de mais um dos parâmetros às vezes de somenos importância a serem considerados quando do julgamento das ações para o mais importante e muitas vezes o único parâmetro a ser considerado pelos julgadores na formação de seu convencimento e fundamentação de suas decisões. Neste sentido demonstrar-se-á que passam os precedentes judiciais agora a serem dotados de um poder normativo para além do próprio efeito vinculante este último peculiar a alguns deles. Será possível notar ainda as implicações destas mudanças para a própria idéia de legitimidade democrática do poder judiciário e o papel deste como agente na implementação da Democracia. Para tanto trabalhar-se-á inicialmente com o conceito lógico-jurídico de precedentes judiciais bem assim sua concepção e evolução histórica no direito comparado e no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Após passa-se à apresentação de algumas noções conceituais as razões jurídicas políticas e pragmáticas que orientam as modificações legislativas e jurisprudenciais que conduzem os precedentes judiciais a desempenharem papel central no sistema jurídico pátrio. Apresenta-se oportunamente um panorama da superação da separação hermética das duas grandes famílias do direito -civil law e common law - bem como a flagrante adoção da uma teoria do stare decisis no direito brasileiro. Neste sentido arrolar-se-ão alguns exemplos constantes em nossos textos legais que confirmam esta afirmação. Nesta esteira demonstrar-se-á o novo caminho hermenêutico do direito propondo como respaldo democrático para as alterações alhures mencionadas a imperiosidade de uma interpretação aberta do direito cuja participação representativa dos cidadãos ultrapasse da condição de um direito potestativo para um poder-dever jurídico a ser seguido pelos julgadores. Assente tais premissas restarão demonstradas algumas alternativas procedimentais a serem implementadas nos processos judiciais donde advierem precedentes judiciais com efeito normativo e portanto com eficácia erga omnes de modo que estes sejam consentâneos com o devido processo legal. Neste particular apresentar-se-á a imprescibilidade da participação da figura do amicus curiae neste novo perfil jurídico de construção de precedentes judiciais em que este possui como escopo primaz dotar tal atividade judicante de legitimidade e conforme o princípio democrático bem assim de igual maneira assegurar uma mobilidade do sistema evitando desse modo um engessamento dogmático e assim um distanciamento do direito da realidade que o cerca.
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Oliveira, Filho Reinaldo Rodrigues de [UNESP]. "O efeito vinculante e as garantias constitucionais do processo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89911.

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Questo lavoro rittrata lo svolgimento delle ricerche rispetto alle ripercussioni provocate dal modello di precedenti giudiziali nel sistema di garanzie costituzionali-processuali esistente nell'ordinamento giuridico brasiliano. Pertanto, si svolge una discussione storica dell'istituto dei precedenti giudiziali, con enfasi speciale sul modello di precedenti del diritto americano del nord. Le proposte legislative di inserzione dell'effetto vincolante nell'ordinamento giuridico brasiliano vengono analisate sotto la perspettiva delle garanzie costituzionali direzionate verso il sistema processuale presente nella nostra realtà. Gli effetti proiettati dall'effetto vincolante sulle garanzie destinate all'esercizio della funzione giudicante sono oggetti di speciale attenzione nel trascorso di questa dissertazione. Dello stesso modo, viene analisata la questione della responsabilità civile del magistrato in caso di non osservanzia a una decisione giudiziale vincolativa. Alla fine, vengono presentati punti favorevoli e svantaggi che possono sorgere a partire dall'impianto dell'effetto vincolante delle decisioni giudiziali nel modello giuridico brasiliano.
O presente trabalho retrata o desenvolvimento de investigações a respeito das repercussões provocadas pelo modelo de precedentes judiciais no sistema de garantias constitucionais - processuais existente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, realiza-se uma abordagem histórica do instituto dos precedentes judiciais, com ênfase especial ao modelo de precedentes do direito norte americano . As propostas legislativas de inserção do efeito vinculante no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro são analisadas sob a perspectiva das garantias constitucionais direcionadas ao sistema processual presente em nossa realidade. Os efeitos projetados pelo efeito vinculante sobre as garantias destinadas ao exercício da função judicante são objetos de especial atenção no transcurso da presente dissertação. Da mesma forma, é analisada a questão da responsabilidade civil do magistrado em caso de não observância a uma decisão judicial vinculativa Ao final, são apresentados pontos favoráveis e desvantagens que podem surgir a partir da implantação do efeito vinculante das decisões judiciais no modelo jurídico brasileiro.
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Gosson, Grace Christhine de Oliveira. "Aplicação de súmula "vinculante" ao processo administrativo tributário federal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7721.

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The purpose of the present work is offering a study about the application of the binding new abridgment to the federal tributary administrative process. In order to reach such desideratum, we have initially traced the adopted reference system and we have also delimited the research object, developing the fundamental premises, significantly, the notions about knowledge, language, law and juridical rule and system, all of them viewed by the light of the juridical constructivist and by the law analytical theory optics. Afterwards, we have done a confront of the binding effect of the juridical decisions within the law systems of the common law and the civil law, indicating their characteristics and the exertion of the theory of the judicial precedent. Here it has been emphasized the juridical structure of systems like the English and the North American ones, in order to give better explicitness to the application of the stare decisis theory. We have been to several juridical ordainments, showing how to proceed according to the jurisprudential standardization. This compared law study has revealed itself relevant to us to visualize how the entrance of the binding effect has been operated in the brazilian juridical system and, for consequence, face the multiple problems related to the aplication of the binding abridgment to the administrative process. These questions overcome, we have treated the binding effect within the Brazilian system and its relation to the constitutionality control of the normative acts and rules, explaining to which institutes the binding effect is conceded, being analyzed the binding abridgment ingress through the Constitutional Emendation n. 45/2004. In the sequence, we have fragmentized the binding abridgment according to its normative structure, the diverse definitions used related to the expression as well as the juridical medicine in case of disobeying. At the end of that exposition, we have examined the application of the binding abridgment to the federal tributary administrative process and the resulting consequences of this application in the diverse processual phases (introductive, instructive, decisive and appealing). Finally, it has been offered a summary of the conclusions of the study
A proposta da presente dissertação é oferecer um estudo sobre a aplicação da novel súmula vinculante ao processo administrativo tributário federal. Para alcançar tal desiderato, traçamos, inicialmente, o sistema de referência adotado e delimitamos o objeto da pesquisa, desenvolvendo as premissas fundamentais, notadamente as noções de conhecimento, de linguagem, de direito, de norma jurídica e de sistema jurídico, vistas sob a ótica do construtivismo jurídico e da teoria analítica do direito. Em seguida, fizemos um cotejo do efeito vinculante das decisões judiciais nos sistemas jurídicos da common law e do civil law, indicando as suas características e o emprego da teoria do precedente judicial. Aqui, se enfatizou a estrutura judicial de sistemas como o inglês e o norte-americano, para dar maior clareza à aplicação da teoria do stare decisis. Passeamos por vários ordenamentos jurídicos, apontando como se procede à uniformização jurisprudencial. Esse estudo de direito comparado mostrou-se relevante para visualizar como se operou a entrada do efeito vinculante no sistema jurídico pátrio, e, por conseqüência, enfrentar os múltiplos problemas relacionados à aplicação da súmula vinculante ao processo administrativo. Superadas essas questões, tratamos do efeito vinculante no sistema brasileiro e sua relação com o controle de constitucionalidade de leis e atos normativos, explicando a que institutos ele é empregado, tendo analisado o ingresso da súmula vinculante por intermédio da Emenda Constitucional 45/2004. Na seqüência, esmiuçamos a súmula vinculante quanto à sua estrutura normativa, às diversas acepções empregadas à expressão, bem como ao remédio jurídico em caso de descumprimento. Ao cabo dessa exposição, examinamos a aplicação da súmula vinculante ao processo administrativo tributário federal e as conseqüências resultantes dessa aplicação nas diversas fases processuais (introdutória, instrutória, decisória e recursal). Finalmente, se oferece uma suma das conclusões do estudo
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Oliveira, Filho Reinaldo Rodrigues de. "O efeito vinculante e as garantias constitucionais do processo /." Franca : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89911.

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Orientador: Oreste Nestor de Souza Laspro
Banca: José Carlos de Oliveira
Banca: Flávio Luiz Yarshell
Resumo: O presente trabalho retrata o desenvolvimento de investigações a respeito das repercussões provocadas pelo modelo de precedentes judiciais no sistema de garantias constitucionais - processuais existente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, realiza-se uma abordagem histórica do instituto dos precedentes judiciais, com ênfase especial ao modelo de precedentes do direito norte americano . As propostas legislativas de inserção do efeito vinculante no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro são analisadas sob a perspectiva das garantias constitucionais direcionadas ao sistema processual presente em nossa realidade. Os efeitos projetados pelo efeito vinculante sobre as garantias destinadas ao exercício da função judicante são objetos de especial atenção no transcurso da presente dissertação. Da mesma forma, é analisada a questão da responsabilidade civil do magistrado em caso de não observância a uma decisão judicial vinculativa Ao final, são apresentados pontos favoráveis e desvantagens que podem surgir a partir da implantação do efeito vinculante das decisões judiciais no modelo jurídico brasileiro.
Riassunto: Questo lavoro rittrata lo svolgimento delle ricerche rispetto alle ripercussioni provocate dal modello di precedenti giudiziali nel sistema di garanzie costituzionali-processuali esistente nell'ordinamento giuridico brasiliano. Pertanto, si svolge una discussione storica dell'istituto dei precedenti giudiziali, con enfasi speciale sul modello di precedenti del diritto americano del nord. Le proposte legislative di inserzione dell'effetto vincolante nell'ordinamento giuridico brasiliano vengono analisate sotto la perspettiva delle garanzie costituzionali direzionate verso il sistema processuale presente nella nostra realtà. Gli effetti proiettati dall'effetto vincolante sulle garanzie destinate all'esercizio della funzione giudicante sono oggetti di speciale attenzione nel trascorso di questa dissertazione. Dello stesso modo, viene analisata la questione della responsabilità civile del magistrato in caso di non osservanzia a una decisione giudiziale vincolativa. Alla fine, vengono presentati punti favorevoli e svantaggi che possono sorgere a partire dall'impianto dell'effetto vincolante delle decisioni giudiziali nel modello giuridico brasiliano.
Mestre
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Pimenta, Marcos Rogério Lyrio. "A súmula com efeito vinculante no direito tributário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8583.

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The present work intends to study some issues of the binding judicial precedent in the brazilian tax law. So, we will investigate some categories of the General Theory of Law, especially examining the legal rules and the sources of law, due to its relation with the object of this study. Then, we will analyze the structure of the Anglo-Saxon law model (common law) and the codified law model (civil law); the binding judicial precedent evolution in the brazilian legal system until the nº 45/2004 Constitutional ammendment, that consecrated the binding effect of the judicial precedent, through the introduction of the article 103-A in the Federal Constitution; and the binding judicial precedent constitutional requirements and its legal system, disciplined by the Law 11417/2006. We will study the possible problems in the tax law, due to the binding judicial precedent edition by the Federal Supreme Court. We will face the question of the tax levying before the recognition, by the abridgment above, of the total or partial unconstitutionality of the general and abstract rule that ground it, and the nullity of the general and abstract rule that is acknowledged before and after the tax auto imposition homologation. We will still verify the nº 8 binding judicial precedent and the tax levying, that are object of judicial and res judicata discussion. We will study the repercussion of the binding judicial precedent on the tax credit dividing in the hypotheses of certification of the unconstitutionality rule which was used to ground it, on the credit in installments and on the rule that disciplines the prescription and decadence terms. Finally, we will debate about the undue repetition possibility, its requirements and term in this study case and the nº 08 binding judicial precedent effects, regarding this institute and the res judicata
O presente trabalho tem por objeto o estudo de algumas questões da súmula com efeito vinculante no direito tributário brasileiro. Para isso, percorreremos categorias da Teoria Geral do Direito, especialmente o exame das normas jurídicas e das fontes do direito, devido à sua relação com o objeto deste estudo. Assim, analisaremos a estrutura do modelo anglo-saxão (common law) e do direito codificado (civil law); a evolução da súmula e do efeito vinculante no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro até a edição da Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004, que o consagrou por meio da introdução do art. 103-A, da Constituição Federal; os pressupostos constitucionais e a disciplina legal da súmula com efeito vinculante Lei nº 11.417/06. Examinaremos também algumas situações que poderão ocorrer no campo tributário, em razão da edição pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal de uma súmula com efeito vinculante. Enfrentaremos a questão do lançamento tributário diante do reconhecimento, pela súmula em epígrafe, da inconstitucionalidade total ou parcial da norma geral e abstrata que lhe serviu de fundamento e da invalidade da norma geral e abstrata reconhecida antes e após a homologação da autoimposição tributária. Verificaremos, ainda, a Súmula Vinculante nº 08 e o lançamento tributário, objeto de discussão judicial e de coisa julgada. Estudaremos a repercussão da súmula com efeito vinculante sobre o parcelamento do crédito tributário nas hipóteses de certificação da inconstitucionalidade da norma que lhe serviu de fundamento, do crédito parcelado e da norma infraconstitucional que disciplina os prazos de prescrição e decadência. Por fim, debateremos a respeito da possibilidade, dos requisitos e do prazo para a repetição do indébito tributário no caso em estudo, bem como sobre os efeitos da Súmula Vinculante nº 08 em relação a esse instituto e a coisa julgada
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Books on the topic "Precedence effect"

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Kalt, Joseph P. Precedent and legal argument in U.S. trade policy: Do they matter to the political economy of the lumber dispute? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Henry, Kevin. May Fourth and Translation. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-465-3.

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The May 4th Movement in 1919 – and more broadly the so-called New Culture movement in the 1910s and 1920s, – a landmark in the history of China, was marked by a great wave of translations, without precedent other than the one inspired by the Buddhist faith more than 1000 years before. This volume, which includes five papers presented at the conference 4 May 1919: History in Motion (Université de Mons, Belgium, 2-4 May 2019), seeks to define and measure, in all its dimensions and complexity (from tragic theatre to revolutionary novels to literary journals), the impact of this intense translation effort in the early years of Republican China.
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Litovsky, Ruth Y., and David McAlpine. Physiological correlates of the precedence effect and binaural masking level differences. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199233281.013.0014.

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Homewood, Matthew J. 2. Supremacy, direct effect, indirect effect, and state liability. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198815181.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the key concepts within the EU legal order: supremacy, direct effect, indirect effect, and state liability. The doctrine of supremacy dictates that EU law takes precedence over conflicting provisions of national law. If a provision of EU law is directly effective, it gives rise to rights upon which individuals can rely directly in the national court. If an EU measure is not directly effective, a claimant may be able to rely on it through the application of indirect effect, which requires national law to be interpreted in accordance with relevant EU law. State liability gives rise to a right to damages where an individual has suffered loss because a Member State has failed to implement a directive or has committed other breaches of EU law.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 9. The Relationship Between EU Law and National Law:. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0009.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the doctrine of supremacy of EU law, which was developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) based on its conception of the ‘new legal order’. The ECJ ruled that the aim of creating a uniform common market between different states would be undermined if EU law could be made subordinate to national law of the various states. The validity of EU law can therefore, according to the ECJ, never be assessed by reference to national law. National courts are required to give immediate effect to EU law, of whatever rank, in cases that arise before them, and to ignore or to set aside any national law, of whatever rank, which could impede the application of EU law. Thus, according to the ECJ, any norm of EU law takes precedence over any provision of national law, including the national constitutions. This broad assertion of the supremacy of EU law has not however been accepted without qualification by national courts, and the chapter examines the nature of the qualifications that have been imposed by some national courts.
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Ian, Gaunt. Part III Where to Arbitrate? Distinctive Features of Maritime Arbitral Seats, 9 Maritime Arbitration in London: Publication of Awards, Appeals, and the Development of English Commercial Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757948.003.0009.

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This chapter examines what makes London so popular as a maritime arbitration centre. Chief among the reasons is the availability of a pool of arbitrators with a breadth of professional knowledge and experience, including not just lawyers but commercial men and women. It also discusses the perceived effect of the use of arbitration on the development of English law. On the one hand, the number of appeals going to the courts is such as to ensure that new precedents are produced in order to lend vibrancy to the law. On the other hand, some first instance decisions have shown a tendency on the part of judges to decide cases without sufficient sensitivity to commercial practice, leading to precedents that are hard for arbitrators to apply. The chapter also considers the major challenges faced by the London Maritime Arbitrators Association in maintaining London as the foremost centre for the resolution of shipping disputes.
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Depoorter, Ben, and Paul H. Rubin. Judge-Made Law and the Common Law Process. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684250.013.001.

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One of the most illustrious normative claims in the law and economics literature, originating with Posner and supported by models of evolutionary legal change, posits that a system of judge-made law offers efficiency advantages over statute-based systems. In recent years, however, scholarship has identified aspects of common law systems that undermine the optimism about judge-made efficiency. This chapter reviews the original economic literature on the efficiency of the common law and then describes supply- and demand-side obstacles to efficient judge-made law. On the supply side, a rich body of literature on judicial decision-making and judicial attitudes casts doubt on the ability as well as the motivations of courts to bring about efficient precedent. Demand-side complications include interest group effects, plaintiff selection effects, information selection effects, settlement selection effects, and procedural factors.
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Fischer, Nick. The First World War and the Origins of the Red Scare. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040023.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the origins of the Red Scare of 1919–1920, with particular emphasis on the role of the United States's entry into the First World War. The effort required to bring a reluctant nation into the war and quash dissenting voices brought the federal government into the business of systematic rather than ad hoc industrial and political repression. The civil liberties of citizens who protested either the commitment to war or its effects were suppressed. The place of nativism and antiradicalism in American politics and society became elevated. More importantly, the experience of war set political precedents that helped to spawn a new movement devoted to promoting the cause of anticommunism in American life. The chapter first considers how US participation in the First World War contributed to the emergence of “modern” anticommunism before discussing the role of the American Protective League in the repression efforts during the war. It also explores the business of loyalty, cultural repression, farmers' collectives and minor political parties, silencing dissent, and the campaign against industrial unions during the war.
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Hill QC, Mark. The Nature and Sources of Ecclesiastical Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807568.003.0001.

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This chapter examines the nature and sources of ecclesiastical law, or the law of the Church of England. It begins with a discussion of the purpose of the law of and for the Church of England, which is to regulate the functioning of the Church and its individual members by a combination of commands, prohibitions, and permissions. It then traces the historical development of ecclesiastical law, from the early Church through the Reformation and post-Reformation. It also considers the nature and effect of establishment of the Church as well as Acts of Parliament, measures, canons, and secondary legislation that have become sources of ecclesiastical law. Finally, it looks at other sources of ecclesiastical law including case law and precedent, quasi-legislation and soft law, jus divinum, custom, jus liturgicum and dispensation.
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Sharf, Robert H. Is Mindfulness Buddhist? (And Why It Matters). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495794.003.0010.

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Modern exponents of mindfulness meditation promote the therapeutic effects of “bare attention”—a sort of non-judgmental, non-discursive attending to the moment-to-moment flow of consciousness. This approach is arguably at odds with more traditional Theravāda Buddhist doctrine and meditative practice, but the cultivation of present-centered awareness is not without precedent in Buddhist history; similar innovations arose in medieval Chinese Zen (Chan) and Tibetan Dzogchen. These movements have several things in common. In each case the reforms were, in part, attempts to render Buddhist practice and insight accessible to laypeople unfamiliar with Buddhist philosophy and/or unwilling to adopt a renunciatory lifestyle. They also promised quick results. And finally, the innovations were met with suspicion and criticism from traditional Buddhist quarters. Those interested in the therapeutic effects of mindfulness and bare attention are often not aware of the existence, much less the content, of the controversies surrounding these practices in Asian Buddhist history.
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Book chapters on the topic "Precedence effect"

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Reichert, Michael S. "Precedence Effect." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_403-1.

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Zurek, P. M. "The Precedence Effect." In Proceedings in Life Sciences, 85–105. New York, NY: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4738-8_4.

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Clifton, Rachel Keen. "The Precedence Effect." In Auditory Development in Infancy, 85–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9340-6_4.

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Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara. "Auditory Precedence Effect." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 1–3. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_101-5.

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Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara. "Auditory Precedence Effect." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 252–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_101.

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Eargle, John M. "The Precedence Effect (Haas Effect)." In Electroacoustical Reference Data, 312–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2027-6_151.

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Verhulst, Sarah, Federica Bianchi, and Torsten Dau. "Cochlear Contributions to the Precedence Effect." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 283–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1590-9_32.

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Schwartz, Odelia, John G. Harris, and Jose C. Principe. "Modeling the Precedence Effect for Speech." In Computational Neuroscience, 819–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9800-5_127.

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Seeber, Bernhard U., and Ervin Hafter. "Precedence-Effect with Cochlear Implant Simulation." In Hearing – From Sensory Processing to Perception, 475–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73009-5_51.

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Amirkhiabani, Gholamali. "Outside-in Processing and the Global Precedence Effect." In Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series, 239–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5698-1_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Precedence effect"

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Pastore, M. Torben, and Jonas Braasch. "The effect of temporal diffusion on the ongoing precedence effect." In 180th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. ASA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0001445.

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Wen-Sheng Chou and Tai-Shih Chi. "A precedence effect based far-field DoA estimation algorithm." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2013.6572306.

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Tab, F. A., and G. Naghdy. "Knowledge-based semantic image segmentation and global precedence effect." In 2nd European Workshop on the Integration of Knowledge, Semantics and Digital Media Technology (EWIMT 2005). IET, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2005.0738.

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Fujikawa, Takahiro, and Shigeaki Aoki. "An escape guiding system utilizing the precedence effect for evacuation signal." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4799090.

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Owens, Steffan, and Stuart Cunningham. "Auditory Masking and the Precedence Effect in Studies of Musical Timekeeping." In AM'18: Sound in Immersion and Emotion. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3243274.3243312.

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Krum, D. M., E. A. Suma, and M. Bolas. "Poster: Spatial misregistration of virtual human audio: Implications of the precedence effect." In 2012 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dui.2012.6184204.

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A. Nisar, S., and K. Suzuki. "Critical Activity Effect on Project Duration in Precedence Diagram Method Scheduling Network." In International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005281503140322.

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Abe, Koji, Shouichi Takane, Sojun Sato, and Kanji Watanabe. "Comparison of precedence effect behavior in anechoic chamber with that in ordinary room." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4799685.

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Freyman, Richard L., Charlotte Morse-Fortier, Amanda M. Griffin, and Patrick M. Zurek. "Can monaural temporal masking asymmetry explain the transient and/or ongoing precedence effect?" In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4799323.

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Souravlias, D., M. B. Duinkerken, S. Morshuis, D. L. Schott, and R. R. Negenborn. "Stochastic floating quay crane scheduling on offshore platforms: a simheuristic approach." In The 21st International Conference on Harbor, Maritime and Multimodal Logistic Modeling & Simulation. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.hms.009.

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The scheduling of quay cranes is a core logistics challenge that affects significantly the loading and unloading time of a vessel berthed at a container terminal. In this paper, we study the Stochastic Floating Quay Crane Scheduling Problem involving cranes situated on the quay of an offshore modular platform. Specifically, we consider the case in which each crane is situated on a different module of the platform, thereby confining its operation range. Additionally, we assume stochastic crane productivity rates due to the effect of the offshore wind. To tackle the problem, we propose a simheuristic framework, which combines Iterated Local Search with Monte Carlo Sampling into a joint collaborative scheme. The main objective is to minimize the expected completion time of the loading and unloading process taking into account precedence, nonsimultaneity, non-crossing, and spatial constraints of the problem at hand. The performance of the proposed simheuristic is investigated on a set of established problem instances across different configuration parameters and under various real-world environmental scenarios offering insightful conclusions.
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