Academic literature on the topic 'Precautionary seizure'

The article is devoted to clarifying what the stage of an appeal in criminal proceedings is. During the investigation, the decisions of the investigating judge concerning the application of measures to ensure criminal proceedings are con-sidered to be appealed in accordance with the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It was empha-sized that appealing the decisions of the investigating judge during the pre-trial investigation is an important guarantee of ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the participants in the criminal proceedings. The list of persons who have the right to file an appeal is covered. The normative regulation of appealing against the decisions of the investigating judge is analyzed. The problematic issues of this activity and the definition of ways of normative regulation are considered. In the course of the research the works of scientists on the outlined issues are analyzed.The article examines the role of the prosecutor in verifying the legality and validity of decisions made by the investigating judge on the election, change, cancellation of measures to ensure criminal proceedings. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the prosecutor’s appeal of certain precautionary measures. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the prosecutor’s filing of appeals, the quality of preparation of response documents. The peculiarities of appealing the decision of the appellate court, ruled on the results of the review of the decision of the investigating judge on the application of certain precautionary measures, have been studied. The characteristic features of appealing certain measures to ensure criminal proceedings have been identified and investigated.It is concluded that it is expedient to supplement the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine with provisions on the possibility for the prosecutor to appeal the decisions of the investigating judge on seizure of property, refusal, full or partial revocation of seizure of property, revocation of seizure of property, return of temporarily seized items and documents. measures in the form of a personal obligation or refusal to apply it, application of a precautionary measure in the form of a personal guarantee, application of a measure of restraint in the form of transfer of a juvenile suspect or accused under the supervision of parents, guardians, trustees or administration of a child care institution.

ObjectivesElectronic dance music (EDM) concerts are becoming increasingly popular. Strong stroboscopic light effects are commonly part of these shows, and may provoke seizures in individuals with photosensitive epilepsy. This study aims to examine the risk of epileptic seizures during EDM concerts.Setting28 EDM concerts taking place in The Netherlands.ParticipantsWe describe a young man who experienced a seizure during an EDM concert, and who later showed a positive electroencephalographic provocation test during exposure to video footage of the same concert. Subsequently, we performed a cohort study of 400 343 visitors to EDM concerts, divided in those exposed (concert occurring in darkness) versus unexposed (concert in daylight) to stroboscopic light effects.ResultsIn total, 400 343 EDM concert visitors were included: 241 543 (representing 2 222 196 person hours) in the exposed group and 158 800 (representing 2 334 360 person hours) in the control group. The incidence density ratio of epileptic seizures in exposed versus unexposed individuals was 3.5 (95% CI: 1.7 to 7.8; p<0.0005). Less than one-third of cases occurred during use of ecstasy or similar stimulant drugs.ConclusionStroboscopic light effects during EDM concerts occurring in darkness probably more than triple the risk of epileptic seizures. Concert organisers and audience should warn against the risk of seizures and promote precautionary measures in susceptible individuals.

People suffering from epilepsy disorder are very much in need for precautionary measures. The only way to provide precaution to such people is to find some methods which help them to know in advance the occurrence of seizures. Using Electroencephalogram, the authors have worked on developing a forecasting method using simple LSTM with windowing technique. The window length was set to five time steps; step by step the length was increased by 1 time step. The number of correct predictions increased with the window length. When the length reached to 20 time steps, the model gave impressive results in predicting the future EEG value. Past 20 time steps are learnt by the neural network to forecast the future EEG in two stages; in univariate method, only one attribute is used as the basis to predict the future value. In multivariate method, 42 features were used to predict the future EEG. Multivariate is more powerful and provides the prediction which is almost equal to the actual target value. In case of univariate the accuracy achieved was about 70%, whereas in case of multivariate method it was 90%.

This article presents editions of all the extant Babylonian incantations against field pests. The sources date to the first millennium BC and many have not been published before. They are mostly tablets of the Neo-Assyrian period, from Ashurbanipal's library at Nineveh, but the corpus also contains some Neo-Babylonian fragments from Nineveh, as well as a tablet from Sultantepe (ancient Huzirina) and two Late Babylonian tablets from southern Mesopotamia. Some of the pieces certainly belong to a series called in antiquity Zu-buru-dabbeda “To Seize the Locust-Tooth”, a compendium of incantations and rituals designed to combat by magic means the destruction of crops by locusts, insect larvae and other pests; other pieces are parts of related and similar texts. Some of the rituals require the observation of the Goat-star rising above the eastern horizon, which suggests they were performed at night as a precautionary measure during the winter months of the barley-growing season.

AbstractHyponatremia (HN) is the most common electrolyte imbalance (defined as a serum sodium concentration Na(S) of < 130 mmol/l) and often induced by drugs including psychotropic drugs. AMSP (Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie) is a multicenter drug surveillance program that assesses severe or unusual adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring during treatment with psychotropic drugs. This study presents data from 462,661 psychiatric inpatients treated in participating hospitals between 1993 and 2016 and serves as an update of a previous contribution by Letmaier et al. (JAMA 15(6):739–748, 2012). A total of 210 cases of HN were observed affecting 0.05% of patients. 57.1% of cases presented symptomatically; 19.0% presented with severe symptoms (e.g., seizures, vomiting). HN occurred after a median of 7 days following the first dose or dose increase. Incidence of HN was highest among the two antiepileptic drugs oxcarbazepine (1.661% of patients treated) and carbamazepine (0.169%), followed by selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs, 0.088%) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (0.071%). Antipsychotic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, and mirtazapine exhibited a significantly lower incidence of HN. The risk of HN was 16–42 times higher among patients concomitantly treated with other potentially HN-inducing drugs such as diuretic drugs, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. Female SSNRI-users aged ≥ 65 years concomitantly using other HN-inducing drugs were the population subgroup with the highest risk of developing HN. The identification of high-risk drug combinations and vulnerable patient subgroups represents a significant step in the improvement of drug safety and facilitates the implementation of precautionary measures.

Background. Traditionally, discussion about sexuality is subdued in proverbs and is earmarked for adults. However, adolescents also need information about their sexuality to make informed choices regarding sexual behaviours. This study, therefore, seeks to explore the experiences of parents discussing sexuality topics with adolescents in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana. Methods. This was a qualitative study that used focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to assess parents’ experiences in discussing sexuality topics with adolescents. The FGDs, consisting of 8-12 parents each, were conducted for one “all fathers”, then another “all mothers”, and finally “fathers and mothers” groups. Parents who were not part of the FGDs were engaged in IDIs. The data was transcribed and analyzed manually. Results. Most of the parent-adolescent sexual discussions were based on physical changes, personal hygiene, abstinence, abortion, and saying “no” to forced sex. Parents discussed sexuality issues with adolescents to prevent them from premarital sex, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. Parents sourced their knowledge about sexuality from books, television, radio, and personal experiences. Parents always seize opportunities such as television scenes to discuss sexual topics with their children. Although some parents expressed some level of comfort discussing sexual topics with adolescents, many still had difficulties explaining some terminologies related to sex. Preferentially, parents were protective of their girls than the boys when discussing issues on sexuality. Most parents received no sexuality education from their parents but a few reminisced precautionary advices on sex. Parents believed training on sexuality issues will help them to better discuss sexual topics with adolescents. Conclusions. Ghanaian parents preferentially discuss sex with their daughters as a protective tool against irresponsible sexual behaviours. Parents still have challenges discussing adolescent sexuality topics; hence equipping parents to effectively discuss such sensitive topics will improve adolescent reproductive health and sexual behaviour.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most commonly used tools for epilepsy detection. In this paper we have presented two methods for the diagnosis of epilepsy using machine learning techniques.EEG waveforms have five different kinds of frequency bands. Out of which only two namely theta and gamma bands carry epileptic seizure information. Our model determines the statistical features like mean, variance, maximum, minimum, kurtosis, and skewness from the raw data set. This reduces the mathematical complexities and time consumption of the feature extraction method. It then uses a Logistic regression model and decision tree model to classify whether a person is epileptic or not. After the implementation of the machine learning models, parameters like accuracy, sensitivity, and recall have been found. The results for the same are analyzed in detail in this paper. Epileptic seizures cause severe damage to the brain which affects the health of a person. Our key objective from this paper is to help in the early prediction and detection of epilepsy so that preventive interventions can be provided and precautionary measures are taken to prevent the patient from suffering any severe damage

The article considers the issues of de-shadowing of investment agreements on the capital market, in particular, on the stock market of Ukraine. Peculiarities of investing in securities as financial assets and making financial investments with the use of securities are determined. Capital markets can develop as investment-attractive systems. Common schemes of non-transparent investment in the capital market of Ukraine are revealed — the use of securities to avoid taxation or the so-called «tax optimization» of business transactions and withdrawal of capital outside Ukraine; manipulation of the price of stock assets and the use of insider information in securities trading; issue and formation of authorized capital at the expense of technical securities; raider seizure of securities of enterprises with the use of illegal change of owners. The causal factor in the reproduction of the shadowing of capital is the existing economic and organizational and legal reasons that distinguish business in one, on the other — there are such motives as greed, the desire to get rich quick, the accumulation of initial capital by any means. This is the irrational investment behaviour of households and corporations. It has been determined that securities fraud is a common crime in the stock market. Fraud in securities is manifested in criminal offenses and civil law violations of shareholders’ rights. Insufficient efficiency of regulatory institutions to combat the shadow economy is one of the reasons for the spread of the latter. The growing role of state preventive regulation in levelling the risks of shadow capital turnover is revealed and substantiated. It is substantiated that the state, represented by regulatory authorities, should have expanded institutional and instrumental capabilities to prevent risks of financial destabilization. Such opportunities are achieved both by increasing the financial literacy of investors and prudent precautionary regulatory action. Foreign experience of de-shadowing the capital market and combating economic crime is analysed. It is determined that in foreign countries much attention is paid to de-shadowing the economy and combating economic crime. Significant work in this direction is preventive in nature. Thus the system of prevention of fictitious economic activity consists of the following structures: police bodies; specialized law enforcement agencies; tax services; customs services; financial intelligence agencies. Reducing the level of shadowing of the capital market of Ukraine will increase its investment attractiveness. This will have such positive consequences as: increasing the capitalization of professional stock market participants (institutional investors) and increasing their financial stability by increasing the size of authorized capital, increasing the market price of freely traded securities («free-float»); achievement / excess of the actual solvency margin over the previous settlement. Protected and legitimate assets of professional stock market participants will provide investment income on trusted assets at a level not lower than inflation.

Il presente lavoro muove dalla constatazione della carenza nella letteratura sul processo penale, di una trattazione organica delle impugnazioni in materia cautelare reale. Ne è scaturita la scelta di indagare questo settore delle impugnazioni penali in modo trasversale, con riguardo sia al tipo di cautela coinvolta (sequestro preventivo e conservativo), sia al tipo di mezzo d’impugnazione proposto. Peraltro, la ricerca coinvolge le sole impugnazioni sul merito dei provvedimenti cautelari reali, con inclusione dei soli mezzi del riesame e dell’appello. Il presente studio non affronta l’analisi del ricorso per cassazione, tenuto conto della specificità dei problemi che la relativa disciplina presenta. Inoltre, per il ricorso non si pongono quesiti di sorta in ordine alla natura di mezzo di impugnazione, mentre, è noto, è fortemente dibattuto quale fisionomia abbia il riesame, mezzo da sempre incline ad assecondare sia la logica tipica dei gravami, intesi quali strumenti per un “nuovo giudizio” sulla situazione giuridica da accertare, sia – al contempo – la logica tipica dei mezzi d’impugnazione, intesi quali strumenti di controllo del provvedimento, e del relativo accertamento. Dal canto suo l’appello, tradizionalmente inquadrato fra i mezzi d’impugnazione, condivide con il riesame una fisionomia proteiforme. Ciò suggerisce, da un lato, un accostamento fra i due istituti, dall’altro, un approccio attento a valorizzare le differenze di disciplina fra l’appello dell’imputato e l’appello del pubblico ministero. Ulteriori indicazioni utili a indagare sulla reale natura del riesame e dell’appello si ricavano dall’analisi dei problemi di interferenza fra procedimento d’impugnazione cautelare e procedimento di revoca del sequestro preventivo (art. 321 c.p.p.).
The research aims to analyse the regime of the appeals on merit in the preventive seizure proceedings (riesame and appello cautelare)¸in order to examine their legal status; the analysis has been developed reconstructing both legal standards and jurisprudence. Elements collected displayed to be referred to the type of “new judgment on merit” and “legal control of the judicial decision”. The research has also examined innovations introduced by L. 47/2015, which is referred to personal precautionary measures, to verify if they should be applied also to real ones (misure cautelari reali). Basing on the analysis about the legal status of different appeals on the merits and proceedings for withdrawing the real precautionary measure (art. 321 § 3 criminal procedural code), the research examines also the event that the mentioned attacks should be assume the status of legal control on precautionary measures (instead of “new judgment on the fact”).

In the current debate on the reform of association sanctioning, the Munich Draft (‘Münchner Entwurf eines Verbandssanktionengesetzes’) represents a proposal for a law with a sense of proportion. Unlike the Federal Ministry of Justice’s draft bill, the Munich Draft pursues a strictly commensurable way of sanctioning associations. For example, small associations are excluded from its scope of application, association responsibility, e.g. for actions taken by an employee against a superior’s orders, is explicitly excluded, and sanctions are differentiated between according to maximum turnover-related limits. In order to create incentives for behaviour that conforms to legal standards, the Munich draft sets out the requirements for compliance to it, both precautionary and post-offence, which can lead to privileges during prosecution and sanctioning. In addition, it regulates internal investigations in a separate chapter and grants extended protection against seizure. The authors of this study have dealt with commercial criminal law for decades as academics or practitioners.

The world’s first clinical trial using advisory brain implant operated by artificial intelligence (AI) has been completed with significant success. The tested devices predict a specific neuronal event (epileptic seizure), allowing people implanted with the device to be forewarned and to take steps to reduce or avoid the impact of the event. In principle, these kinds of artificially intelligent devices could be used to predict other neuronal events and allow those implanted with the device to take precautionary steps or to automate drug delivery so as to avoid unwanted outcomes. This chapter examines moral issues arising from the hypothetical situation where such devices controlled by AI are used to ensure that convicted criminal offenders are safe for release into society. We distinguish two types of predictive technologies controlled by AI: advisory systems and automated therapeutic response systems. The purpose of this chapter is to determine which of these two technologies would generate fewer ethical concerns. While there are moral similarities between the two technologies, the latter raises more concerns. In particular, it raises the possibility that individual moral decision-making and moral autonomy can be threatened by the use of automated implants.