Journal articles on the topic 'Prebiotics'
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Zmrhal, Vladimir, and Petr Slama. "Immunomodulation of Avian Dendritic Cells under the Induction of Prebiotics." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040698.
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Although the immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics were demonstrated many years ago in poultry, not all mechanisms of action are yet clear. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main antigen-presenting cells orchestrating the immune response in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, and they are the first line of defense in the immune response. Despite the crucial role of DCs in prebiotic immunomodulatory properties, information is lacking about interaction between prebiotics and DCs in an avian model. Mannan-oligosaccharides, β-glucans, fructooligosaccharides, and chitosan-oligosaccharides are the main groups of prebiotics having immunomodulatory properties. Because pathogen-associated molecular patterns on these prebiotics are recognized by many receptors of DCs, prebiotics can mimic activation of DCs by pathogens. Short-chain fatty acids are products of prebiotic fermentation by microbiota, and their anti-inflammatory properties have also been demonstrated in DCs. This review summarizes current knowledge about avian DCs in the gastrointestinal tract, and for the first-time, their role in the immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics within an avian model.
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Widanarni, Widanarni, Dewi Rahmi, Muhamad Gustilatov, Sukenda Sukenda, and Diah Ayu Satyari Utami. "Immune responses and resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed Probiotic Bacillus sp NP5 and prebiotic honey against White Spot Syndrome Virus infection." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 19, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.19.2.118-130.
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ABSTRACT
White spot disease caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is the most serious viral disease and has a major impact on the decline in production of white shrimp farm. Improving the immune response through the application of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic is expected to be one of the environmentally friendly alternatives to prevent the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of administrating Baccillus sp. NP5 probiotic, honey prebiotic and a combination both (synbiotic) in enhancing immune response and resistence of white shrimp to WSSV infection. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications, namely positive control (feeding without probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics then challenged with WSSV), negative control (feeding without probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, then injected with PBS), pro (feeding with the addition of Bacillus sp. NP5 probiotics then challenged against WSSV), pre (feeding with the addition of honey prebiotics then challenged against WSSV), and sin (feeding with the addition of synbiotics then challenged against WSSV). White shrimp with an average weight of 1.8±0.06 gram/shrimp were reared at a density of 15 shrimps per aquarium (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm and water height of 20 cm) for eight weeks, then challenge against WSSV at lethal dose (LD50) dose as much as 0.1 ml per shrimp. The results showed that the immune response and resistence of white shrimp after treatments of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics were better than those in controls with the optimal found in prebiotics treatment.
Keywords: Bacillus sp. NP5, honey, immune response, white shrimp, WSSV
ABSTRAK
White spot disease yang disebabkan oleh infeksi white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) merupakan penyakit viral paling serius dan berdampak besar terhadap penurunan produksi budidaya udang vaname. Perbaikan respons imun melalui aplikasi probiotik, prebiotik dan sinbiotik dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif ramah lingkungan untuk pencegahan serangan penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5, prebiotik madu dan gabungan keduanya (sinbiotik) dalam meningkatkan respons imun dan resistansi udang vaname terhadap infeksi WSSV. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu kontrol positif (pemberian pakan tanpa probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV), kontrol negatif (pemberian pakan tanpa probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik kemudian diinjeksi PBS), pro (pemberian pakan dengan penambahan probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5 kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV), pre (pemberian pakan dengan penambahan prebiotik madu kemudian diuji tantang WSSV), dan sin (pemberian pakan dengan penambahan sinbiotik kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV). Udang vaname dengan bobot rata-rata 1.8±0.06 gram/ekor dipelihara dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) selama delapan minggu, kemudian diuji tantang dengan WSSV sebanyak 0.1 ml per ekor pada dosis LD50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons imun dan resistansi udang vaname setelah pemberian probiotik, prebiotik dan sinbiotik lebih baik (P<0.05) dibandingkan kontrol dengan hasil optimal pada perlakuan prebiotik.
Kata kunci: Bacillus sp. NP5, madu, respons imun, udang vaname, WSSV.
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Handayani, I., Y. Aryati, and L. Gardenia. "The Role of Prebiotics for Diversity of Intestinal Microorganisms of Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012010.
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Abstract Prebiotics are undigested food ingredients that can be utilized by intestinal microorganisms. The provision of prebiotics will improve growth performance, inhibit the growth of pathogens, and increase fish immunity. Several previous aquaculture studies have used single prebiotics as prebiotics, such as FOS, GOS, and inulin. We need a material that is multi prebiotics which is expected to give better results. Honey is a material that includes multi prebiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the administration of prebiotic honey with different doses (0%, 05%, and 1% doses) through feeding on the diversity of microbiota in the digestive tract of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The method used in this study was to take samples of tilapia intestines, then analyzed them using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results showed that the most unique OTU were in the treatment of prebiotic honey with a dose of 1%. The treatment of prebiotic honey in the feed gave a higher OTU compared to the control. This is because the oligosaccharide content of honey can be utilized by the gut microbiota. The high unique OTUs in the treatment of adding honey, both 0.5% and 1%, presumably because these unique OTUs can grow well in that environment so that there is an equilibrium between species that together can utilize nutrients from honey oligosaccharides. so that all components of the microbiota can grow optimally. Prebiotic honey given to tilapia also triggers the emergence of the genus Lactobacillus, Cetobacterium, and Clostridium sensu stricto which are probiotic bacteria in the fisheries sector.
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Tsania, Iit Lusif, Irul Hidayati, and Ita Ainun Jariyah. "Uji Prebiotik Mangga Manalagi (Mangifera indica L. var manalagi) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Lactobacillus plantarum Secara In Vitro." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 6, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v6i2.823.
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<p><strong>Prebiotics are food ingredients that cannot be absorbed by the host and will be fermented by colonic bacteria into Short-Chain Fatty Acid. Prebiotics can come from various natural ingredients such as wheat, onions, and bananas. Prebiotic food sources can stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria which are beneficial bacteria for the host, one of which can produce bacteriocins to fight pathogenic bacteria. Manalagi mango (Mangifera indica L. var manalagi) is a fruit that has the potential as a source of prebiotics because it contains prebiotic food requirements, including dietary fiber and carbohydrates. The purpose of this study is to find out the ability or potential of Manalagi mengkal mango as a source of prebiotics by using a prebiotic test based on the growth of BAL is Lactobacillus plantarum in vitro. The design of this study used an experimental laboratory carried out in vitro by making carbon source media with various concentrations of mango flour, then mixed with liquid MRS, and given Lactobacillus plantarum culture which then measured the carbon source medium in the form of TPC. The highest TPC average yield was 1,7 x 1010 CFU/ml is the variation in the concentration of mango flour 6.89%. Based on the results of a prebiotic test with TPC mango flour manalagi mengkal showed its ability as a source of prebiotics by stimulating the growth of BAL (Lactobacillus plantarum).</strong></p><p><em><strong>Keywords – </strong>Prebiotics, Manalagi mango, Lactobacillus plantarum</em></p>
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Garcia-Mazcorro, Jose F., Jose R. Barcenas-Walls, Jan S. Suchodolski, and Jörg M. Steiner. "Molecular assessment of the fecal microbiota in healthy cats and dogs before and during supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin using high-throughput 454-pyrosequencing." PeerJ 5 (April 18, 2017): e3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3184.
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Prebiotics are selectively fermentable dietary compounds that result in changes in the composition and/or activity of the intestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefits upon host health. In veterinary medicine, commercially available products containing prebiotics have not been well studied with regard to the changes they trigger on the composition of the gut microbiota. This study evaluated the effect of a commercially available nutraceutical containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin on the fecal microbiota of healthy cats and dogs when administered for 16 days. Fecal samples were collected at two time points before and at two time points during prebiotic administration. Total genomic DNA was obtained from fecal samples and 454-pyrosequencing was used for 16S rRNA gene bacterial profiling. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method was used for detecting bacterial taxa that may respond (i.e., increase or decrease in its relative abundance) to prebiotic administration. Prebiotic administration was associated with a good acceptance and no side effects (e.g., diarrhea) were reported by the owners. A low dose of prebiotics (50 mL total regardless of body weight with the end product containing 0.45% of prebiotics) revealed a lower abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and a higher abundance of Veillonellaceae during prebiotic administration in cats, while Staphylococcaceae showed a higher abundance during prebiotic administration in dogs. These differences were not sufficient to separate bacterial communities as shown by analysis of weighted UniFrac distance metrics. A predictive approach of the fecal bacterial metagenome using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) also did not reveal differences between the period before and during prebiotic administration. A second trial using a higher dose of prebiotics (3.2 mL/kg body weight with the end product containing 3.1% of prebiotics) was tested in dogs and revealed a lower abundance ofDorea(family Clostridiaceae) and a higher abundance ofMegamonasand other (unknown) members of Veillonellaceae during prebiotic administration. Again, these changes were not sufficient to separate bacterial communities or predicted metabolic profiles according to treatment. A closer analysis of bacterial communities at all time-points revealed highly individualized patterns of variation. This study shows a high interindividual variation of fecal bacterial communities from pet cats and dogs, that these communities are relatively stable over time, and that some of this variation can be attributable to prebiotic administration, a phenomenon that may be affected by the amount of the prebiotic administered in the formulation. This study also provides insights into the response of gut bacterial communities in pet cats and dogs during administration of commercially available products containing prebiotics. More studies are needed to explore potentially beneficial effects on host health beyond changes in bacterial communities.
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Gall, A. J., and G. D. Griffin. "Anxiolytic effects of administration of a commercially available prebiotic blend of galacto-oligosaccharides and beta glucans in Sprague-Dawley rats." Beneficial Microbes 12, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2020.0169.
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Prebiotics are nondigestible food agents that stimulate the growth of bacteria in the gut, whereas probiotics are live microorganisms that replace or restore beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract. Both agents have been shown to have beneficial qualities within the microbiota-gut-brain axis, but the behavioural effects of prebiotics have been less studied than probiotics. Whereas several studies have shown that prebiotics reduce inflammation and modulate anxiety in animals that are injected with lipopolysacccharides or chronically stressed animals, respectively, it is not yet known how they affect a healthy organism. Here, we tested the behavioural effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and beta glucan as a commercially available prebiotic blend in healthy, naïve Sprague-Dawley rats. We used the open field test and elevated plus maze to assess anxiety-like behaviour in controls and in rats that ingested the prebiotic blend in their drinking water. We also used the Morris Water Maze to assess spatial memory performance in controls and prebiotic treated rats. Rats treated with prebiotics spent more time in the intermediate zone of the open field test and in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, and exhibited a shorter latency to enter each of these zones. No significant differences between groups were found in the Morris Water Maze. Our results suggest that whereas prebiotics significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviours, it had no effect on spatial memory performance. Altogether, our data indicate that commercially available prebiotic beta glucan blends have anxiolytic effects in healthy rats.
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Anand, Shaubhik, Lalit Mohan, and Navneeta Bharadvaja. "A Review on Ayurvedic Non-Carbohydrate Prebiotics." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 13505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13505ecst.
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Prebiotics facilitates the growth of microorganisms, which makes a healthy gut microbiota, hence known as food for probiotics. They also lower the risk of inflammation and oxidative damage in the gut. Gut enzymes cannot digest prebiotics, so gut microbiota uses their own enzymes to ferment them. Upon their fermentation, SCFAs are produced, which helps to lower the level of pathogenic species. Primary prebiotic sources are carbohydrate-based like inulin, which are present in fiber-based foods. Prebiotics are an essential part of a healthy diet, but their primary sources have a limitation to their consumption. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through a healthy diet is the key focus in Ayurveda. It highlights the use of non-carbohydrate sources of prebiotics like curcumin, triphala, anthocyanin, licorice, and other such phytochemicals, spices, and supplements. It also describes the health benefits of all the individual components of a balanced meal and their prebiotic potential.
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Klancic, Teja, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, Jolene Wong, Ashley Choo, Jodi E. Nettleton, Faye Chleilat, Marie-Claire Arrieta, and Raylene A. Reimer. "Concurrent Prebiotic Intake Reverses Insulin Resistance Induced by Early-Life Pulsed Antibiotic in Rats." Biomedicines 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9010066.
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Pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) early in life increases risk of obesity. Prebiotics can reduce fat mass and improve metabolic health. We examined if co-administering prebiotic with PAT reduces obesity risk in rat pups weaned onto a high fat/sucrose diet. Pups were randomized to (1) control [CTR], (2) antibiotic [ABT] (azithromycin), (3) prebiotic [PRE] (10% oligofructose (OFS)), (4) antibiotic + prebiotic [ABT + PRE]. Pulses of antibiotics/prebiotics were administered at d19–21, d28–30 and d37–39. Male and female rats given antibiotics (ABT) had higher body weight than all other groups at 10 wk of age. The PAT phenotype was stronger in ABT males than females, where increased fat mass, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were present and all reversible with prebiotics. Reduced hypothalamic and hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrates and ileal tight junction proteins was seen in males only, explaining their greater insulin resistance. In females, insulin resistance was improved with prebiotics and normalized to lean control. ABT reduced Lactobacillaceae and increased Bacteroidaceae in both sexes. Using a therapeutic dose of an antibiotic commonly used for acute infection in children, PAT increased body weight and impaired insulin production and insulin sensitivity. The effects were reversed with prebiotic co-administration in a sex-specific manner.
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Anggraeni, A. A. "Mini-Review: The potential of raffinose as a prebiotic." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 980, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/980/1/012033.
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Abstract Prebiotics are dietary fiber components that cannot be digested by the human gastrointestinal tract but can be selectively fermented by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, prebiotics provides health effects for humans. The specificity of prebiotics is determined by the bacteria that are specifically capable of fermenting the prebiotic substrate. The characteristics of prebiotic substrate need to be investigated in-vitro and in-vivo to determine the function and effectiveness of the substrate as a prebiotic. The prebiotic production process must be able to keep the prebiotic components stable. Raffinose is an oligosaccharide that has potential as a prebiotic. This article will discuss raffinose chemical structure, degrading enzymes, and health benefits as a prebiotic. Raffinose consists of 3 monomers, namely α-D-galactose, α-D-glucose, and α-D-fructose. Substrates containing raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are the source of raffinose. Those substrates can be degraded to raffinose by the α-1,6-galactosidase. Raffinose can increase the growth of lactic acid bacteria, suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), reduce constipation, inhibit the formation of putrefactive compounds from protein, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Kurniawan, Marsha, and Franklind Matthew. "The Role of Dietary Fiber or Prebiotics in Atopic Dermatitis." World Nutrition Journal 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v06.i2.0003.
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Introduction: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with itchy eczematous lesions, mostly found in children, and may affect a patient’s quality of life. Individuals with AD were found to have dysbiosis of gut microbial, which may alter the immunologic tolerance of mucosa, causing inflammation and affecting skin conditions. Dietary fiber or prebiotics consumption may have a role in reversing dysbiosis and may affect AD. In this literature review, the authors would like to further explore the role of dietary fiber or prebiotics in the prevention and severity of AD/
Methods: Relevant literature research was conducted in several sources: Pubmed, EBSCOHOST, Proquest, and Google Scholar, using keywords “atopic dermatitis, atopic eczema, dietary fiber, prebiotic, nutrition.” Studies published within the last 10 years were included.
Discussions: Dietary fiber, particularly soluble fibers and those which can be fermented by gut bacteria (including prebiotics), plays a role in maintaining homeostasis of normal gut flora by producing SCFA, which increases the gut barrier, has anti-inflammatory properties, balances Th1/Th2 ratio, increases lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) system, and increases secretion of intestinal IgA. The role of dietary fiber/prebiotics in the prevention or decreasing rate of AD is still a matter of debate. Several studies showed no effect or correlation of prebiotic supplementation in decreasing the AD rate in pregnant women or babies with a high risk of atopy. On the other hand, several studies on prebiotic supplementation for babies and children have shown the benefits of prebiotic supplementation in preventing allergies (AD, rhinoconjunctivitis, and urticaria).
Conclusion: The role of dietary fiber/prebiotics in preventing or treating AD is still a matter of debate. Different study results make it difficult to conclude the clinical effect of prebiotics in allergy prevention, particularly AD. This may be caused by the heterogeneous studies and the limited number of studies on humans. Further studies (RCT) involving large-scale respondents are needed to define the effects of prebiotic supplementation in the prevention or alternative therapy for AD.
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Wilson, Bridgette, Megan Rossi, Eirini Dimidi, and Kevin Whelan. "Prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and other functional bowel disorders in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy376.
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ABSTRACT Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are prevalent disorders with altered microbiota. Prebiotics positively augment gut microbiota and may offer therapeutic potential. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prebiotics compared with placebo on global response, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and gut microbiota, via systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with IBS and other FBDs. Methods Studies were identified using electronic databases, back-searching reference lists, and hand-searching abstracts. RCTs that compared prebiotics to placebo in adults with IBS or other FBDs were included. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and bias assessment. Outcome data were synthesized as ORs, weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with the use of a random-effects model. Subanalyses were performed for type of FBD and dose, type, and duration of prebiotic. Results Searches identified 2332 records, and 11 RCTs were eligible (729 patients). The numbers responding were 52/97 (54%) for prebiotic and 59/94 (63%) for placebo, with no difference between groups (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.07, 5.69; P = 0.67). Similarly, no differences were found for severity of abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence, and QoL score between prebiotics and placebo. However, flatulence severity was improved by prebiotics at doses ≤6 g/d (SMD: –0.35; 95% CI: –0.71, 0.00; P = 0.05) and by non-inulin-type fructan prebiotics (SMD: –0.34; 95% CI: –0.66, –0.01; P = 0.04), while inulin-type fructans worsened flatulence (SMD: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.23, 1.47; P = 0.007). Prebiotics increased absolute abundance of bifidobacteria (WMD: 1.16 log10 copies of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene; 95% CI: 0.06, 2.26; P = 0.04). No studies were at low risk of bias across all bias categories. Conclusions Prebiotics do not improve gastrointestinal symptoms or QoL in patients with IBS or other FBDs, but they do increase bifidobacteria. Variations in prebiotic type and dose impacted symptom improvement or exacerbation. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42017074072.
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Haliman, Chika Dewi, and Silvia Alfinnia. "Mikrobiota Usus, Prebiotik, Probiotik, dan Sinbiotik pada Manajemen Obesitas." Media Gizi Kesmas 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v10i1.2021.149-156.
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AbstrakLatar Belakang: Usus manusia merupakan tempat tinggal berbagai jenis mikroorganisme baik mikroorganisme menguntungkan maupun merugikan yang membentuk suatu mikrobiota. Mikrobiota usus mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kesehatan manusia, salah satunya menurunkan resiko obesitas.Tujuan: Tujuan penulisan kajian pustaka ini adalah untuk menjabarkan peran mikrobiota usus dalam menurunkan resiko obesitas baik melalui pemberian prebiotik, probiotik, maupun sinbiotik.Metode: Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui mesin pencari Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci ‘obesity’, ‘prebiotic’, ‘probiotic’, ‘synbiotic’, dan ‘gut microbiota’ pada jurnal nasional maupun internasional dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu penelitian dengan desain Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) dan dilakukan pada subjek kelompok usia dewasaDiskusi: Hasil literature review menunjukkan bukti bahwa mikrobiota usus yang seimbang memiliki peran dalam menjaga kesehatan serta menurunkan resiko obesitas dengan mempengaruhi metabolisme energi, absorbsi zat gizi, integritas dinding usus, dan adipogenesis. Probiotik dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen usus serta meningkatkan sistem imun. Prebiotik berperan dalam mencegah overexpression beberapa gen yang berhubungan dengan adiposa, menurunkan nafsu makan dan massa lemak tubuh. Sinbiotik merupakan gabungan antara probiotik dan prebiotik yang memiliki efek lebih baik karena dengan adanya prebiotik, mikroorganisme probiotik memiliki toleransi yang lebih tinggi terhadap kondisi lingkungan seperti oksigenasi, pH, dan suhu dalam usus. Beberapa penelitian selama minimal 12 minggu menggunakan dosis probiotik dibawah 108 cfu/hari mampu memunculkan efek penurunan lemak adipose. Sedangkan untuk dosis prebiotik antara 12-21 gr/hari mampu memperbaiki regulasi glukosa pada dewasa obesitas.Kesimpulan: Modifikasi menggunakan prebiotik dapat memicu produksi serta pelepasan bentuk aktif dari GLP‑1, penurunan ghrelin dan peningkatan PYY yang dapat menurunkan nafsu makan dan asupan energi. Modifikasi menggunakan probiotik dapat menurunkan absorbsi lemak, yang akan menyebabkan penurunan lemak abdomen. Sedangkan modifikasi menggunakan sinbiotik dapat menurunkan nafsu makan setelah peningkatan kadar GLP-1 dan PYY melalui mekanisme peningkatan produksi butirat (SCFA) oleh probiotik.Kata kunci: mikrobiota usus, prebiotik, probiotik, sinbiotik, obesitas AbstractBackground: Human intestine is the place of various types of microorganisms both beneficial and harmful microorganisms that form a microbiota. Intestinal microbiota has an important role in human health, one of which is reducing the risk of obesity.Objectives: The objective of this literature review is to describe the role of intestinal microbiota in reducing the risk of obesity through both prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics.Methods: Literature was conducted through the Google Scholar search engine using the keywords 'obesity', 'prebiotic', 'probiotic', 'synbiotic', and 'gut microbiota' in national and international journals with inclusion criteria, randomized controlled trial design ( RCT) and was carried out in adult age group subjects.Discussion: The results of this literature review show evidence that a balanced intestinal microbiota has a role in maintaining health and reducing the risk of obesity by affecting energy metabolism, nutrient absorption, the integrity of the gut barrier, and adipogenesis. Probiotics can inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogens and enhance the immune system. Prebiotics play a role in preventing overexpression of some genes associated with adipose, decreasing appetite and body fat mass. Synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics which are believed to have a better effect than probiotics or prebiotics.Conclusions: Modifications using prebiotics can trigger the production and release of active forms of GLP 1, decreased ghrelin and increased PYY which can reduce appetite and energy intake. Modifications using probiotics can reduce fat absorption, which will cause a decrease in abdominal fat. While modification using synbiotics can reduce appetite after increasing GLP-1 and PYY levels through a mechanism of increasing butyrate production (SCFA) by probiotics.Keywords: gut microbiota, prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, obesity
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Đorović, Danka, Miloš Maksimović, and Đorđe Radak. "Prebiotics as food supplements." Medicinska istrazivanja 52, no. 3 (2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medist1803014q.
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Prebiotics are selectively fermented food ingredients that allow specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora, that confer benefits. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are the most common targeted genera for prebiotics. Prebiotics change the composition of the intestinal microflora, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, improve the intestinal barrier and regulate the mucous and systemic immune response. Their intake leads to a reduction in the prevalence and duration of infectious and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Studies have revealed the increase of calcium absorption with an increased prebiotic intake, mainly fructans. Food consumption rich in prebiotics can also affect energy intake, fat mass and changes in body weight. Literature data on the benefits of prebiotics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases are contradictory, but some studies have shown that some prebiotics led to decrease in total and LDL-cholesterol levels and an increase in the HDL-cholesterol concentration. Recently, many studies have examined the effect of prebiotics on CNSs functions. Due to the beneficial effects of the prebiotics, further research is needed to understand the mechanism of their positive effects on human health and general well-being. Future research should provide evidence of the efficacy, safety and dosage of prebiotics in order to be used for prevention or delaying different diseases.
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Nisar, Akib, Mayur Aswani, Sara Kamyab, Alpana Moghe, and Abhay Harsulkar. "Isolation of prebiotics from wild vegetables: In vitro characterization by antioxidant assays and human adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29)." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1712rjbt29040.
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Wild vegetables are recognized for their antioxidants, fibres, other bioactive components and consumed as a rich prebiotic source along with probiotics. Crude prebiotics were isolated from wild vegetables and extracts were treated with digestive enzymes to enrich non-digestible prebiotics. The prebiotics were used to prepare different synbiotic formulations with Lactobacillus plantarum strains, L. bulgaricus and L. lactis whereas inulin served as a positive control. These formulations were evaluated for antioxidant activities viz. lipopolysaccharide-induced cell survival assessment and microbial cell adhesion using the HT-29 cell line. All formulations showed significant antioxidant activity. L. plantarum, L. plantarum (LB-VII) and L. bulgaricus with prebiotic Emblica officinalis showed highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (≈85%). ABTS radical scavenging activity was maximum for L. plantarum (LB-VII) with E. officinalis (57%). L. bulgaricus with E. officinalis showed highest FRAP activity (≈515 μM). Cell survival was restored in presence of prebiotics and maximum was observed in L. plantarum (LB-VII) with E. officinalis (77.8%) and the highest microbial cell adhesion was 76% of L. bulgaricus with E. officinalis. Microscopic cell adhesion assay showed successful adhesion to mucus secreted by HT-29 cells. This study underlines and provides evidence for the usage of wild vegetables as a source of prebiotics.
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Viljoen, M., and A. Koorts. "Prebiotics: selective substrate for beneficial microflora." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 24, no. 1/2 (September 22, 2005): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v24i1/2.163.
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Prebiotics are food ingredients that are not digested by the host’s digestive enzymes. Prebiotics are fermented in the colon under influence of colon bacteria such as bifidobacteria. It serves as selective substrate for those microflora that benefit the host and simultaneously increases the fermentation capacity of the colon. Oligosaccharides are the best general prebiotics as they stimulate the growth and colonisation of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and their metabolites are not toxic. Common examples of prebiotics include fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and soybean oligosaccharides. The prebiotic-probiotic-host cell interaction plays a role in the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract, the mucosal immune system, the absorption of minerals and other aspects of the human physiology.
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Cummings, J. H., and G. T. Macfarlane. "Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics." British Journal of Nutrition 87, S2 (May 2002): S145—S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn/2002530.
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The defining effect of prebiotics is to stimulate selectively the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut and, thereby, increase the body's natural resistance to invading pathogens. Prebiotic carbohydrates may also have additional, less specific, benefits because they are fermented in the large intestine. The prebiotic carbohydrates that have been evaluated in humans at the present time largely consist of fructans or galactans. There is consistent evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that these are not digested by normal human enzymes, but are readily fermented by anaerobic bacteria in the large intestine. There are no reports of faecal recovery of measurable quantities of prebiotic carbohydrates. Through fermentation in the large intestine, prebiotic carbohydrates yield short-chain fatty acids, stimulate the growth of many bacterial species in addition to the selective effects on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, they can also produce gas. Along with other fermented carbohydrates, prebiotics have mild laxative effects, although this has proved difficult to demonstrate in human studies because the magnitude of laxation is small. Potentially, the most important effect of prebiotic carbohydrates is to strengthen the body's resistance to invading pathogens and, thereby, prevent episodes of diarrhoea. At the present time, this effect has not been convincingly demonstrated in either adults or children, although there have been attempts to ameliorate the diarrhoea associated with antibiotics and travel, but without success. However, prebiotic carbohydrates clearly have significant and distinctive physiological effects in the human large intestine, and on the basis of this it is likely that they will ultimately be shown to be beneficial to health.
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Mei, Gui-Ying, Christine M. Carey, Susan Tosh, and Magdalena Kostrzynska. "Utilization of different types of dietary fibres by potential probiotics." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 10 (October 2011): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-077.
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A better understanding of the functionality of probiotics and dietary fibres with prebiotic activity is required for the development of improved synbiotic preparations. In this study, utilization of β(2–1) fructans, galactooligosaccharides, and plant polysaccharides as prebiotics by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and pediococci was investigated. Our results demonstrate that prebiotics with linear chains consisting of galactose units are better utilized by probiotics than are those consisting of glucose and fructose units, and the ability of probiotic bacteria to utilize prebiotics is strain-specific. In addition, rye fructooligosaccharides represent a prebiotic fibre that supports the growth of a wide range of probiotic cultures and as such has a potential to improve the successfulness of probiotic treatments. This study also demonstrates dietary fibre utilization by pediococci and provides data supporting the possible use of pediococci as a probiotic in synbiotic combinations.
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Грицинская, Вера Людвиговна. "PREBIOTICS: CLASSIFICATION, MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND SELECTION CRITERIA IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE." University therapeutic journal, no. 4 (November 24, 2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56871/3977.2022.21.74.009.
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В лекции приведена терминология субстанций, обладающих пребиотическим влиянием на микробиом человека. Представлены существующие в настоящее время классификации пребиотиков. Изложены требования, которым, согласно рекомендациям Международной научной ассоциации по вопросам пробиотиков и пребиотиков (ISAPP), должны соответствовать вещества и химические соединения для включения в группу пребиотических. Дана характеристика основных пребиотиков, механизм влияния на человека и показания к их применению в педиатрической практике. The lecture presents the terminology of substances that have a prebiotic effect on the human microbiome. The currently existing classifications of prebiotics are presented. The requirements that, according to the recommendations of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), must comply with substances and chemical compounds for inclusion in the prebiotic group. The characteristics of the main prebiotics, the mechanism of influence on a person and indications for their use in pediatric practice are given.
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Flickinger, E. A., and G. C. Fahey. "Pet food and feed applications of inulin, oligofructose and other oligosaccharides." British Journal of Nutrition 87, S2 (May 2002): S297—S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn/2002552.
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Prebiotics may be considered as functional food ingredients. They are attracting considerable interest from pet owners, pet food manufacturers, livestock producers and feed manufacturers. The most common forms of prebiotics are nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO), including inulin, oligofructose mannanoligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides. These NDO are nondigestible by enzymes present in the mammalian small intestine, but are fermented by bacteria present in the hindgut of nonruminants. Inulin and oligofructose are present in measurable quantities in feed ingredients like wheat, wheat by-products, barley, and peanut hulls. Consumption of prebiotic oligosaccharides elicits several purported health benefits. In companion animals, prebiotics have been shown to improve gut microbial ecology and enhance stool quality. In production livestock and poultry, prebiotics are employed to control pathogenic bacteria, reduce faecal odour, and enhance growth performance. Research to date indicates positive effects of prebiotics on health status and performance of companion animals, livestock, and poultry.
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Kunová, G., V. Rada, I. Lisová, Š. Ročková, and E. Vlková. "In vitro fermentability of prebiotic oligosaccharides by lactobacilli." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, Special Issue (January 4, 2012): S49—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/306/2011-cjfs.
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Twelve strains of lactobacilli were tested for their growth and ability to utilise six prebiotics (pure substances and commercially available prebiotics) as a sole carbon source. All strains showed a considerable growth on all prebiotics tested. Inulin was the best carbohydrate source for lactobacilli, followed by lactulose and raffinose. A massive increase of viable cells on commercial prebiotic mixtures (Vivinal, Oligomate 55, and Orafti P95) was also observed. Lysozyme susceptibility was assayed in 13 strains of lactobacilli. Eight out of 13 strains were completely resistant to the lysozyme concentration of 400 µg/ml, in the rest of the strains a slight delay of the exponential phase of the growth curves was observed. Lactobacilli tolerated lysozyme well and were able to utilise all prebiotics.
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Guseva, Elena, Boris Karetkin, Diana Batyrgazieva, Natalia Menshutina, and Victor Panfilov. "Online Database for Retrieval Information about Prebiotics and Their Activity." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093328.
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The number of studies aimed at proving the prebiotic properties of certain substances or compositions has been actively increasing, which has led to a large accumulation of scientific information that is fragmented and not systematized. Moreover, a number of criteria have been applied in these studies. The lack of an accessible and convenient information space to compare the obtained results seems to hold back not only scientific development, but also practical development in this field. A database called the «On-line Database of Researches on Activity of Prebiotics» (ODRAP) is presented in this article, which contains information about both prebiotics and some probiotics, that were used in these researches. Currently, ODRAP collects 25 bacteria genera or their combinations, 59 bacteria species, 140 prebiotic substances, 61 prebiotic production companies, 2 methods of fermentation, and 271 analyzed articles from 2001 till 2019. To facilitate access to the database, a special Web-interface was created, which allows any user who opens the Web-page to obtain information about the features and activities of prebiotics, as well as to sort the data by species and genus of bacteria applied in tests, the chemical nature or source of prebiotics, and other parameters. The convenience of the Web-interface is that it allows access to the database, regardless of the user platform and from anywhere, via the Internet.
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Vandenplas, Yvan, Irina Zakharova, and Yulia Dmitrieva. "Oligosaccharides in infant formula: more evidence to validate the role of prebiotics." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 9 (April 2, 2015): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515000823.
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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota differs between breast-fed and classic infant formula-fed infants. Breast milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides (OS) and may also contain some probiotics, but scientific societies do not recommend the addition of prebiotic OS or probiotics to standard infant formula. Nevertheless, many infant formula companies often add one or the other or both. Different types of prebiotic OS are used in infant formula, including galacto-oligosaccharide, fructo-oligosaccharide, polydextrose and mixtures of these OS, but none adds human milk OS. There is evidence that the addition of prebiotics to infant formula brings the GI microbiota of formula-fed infants closer to that of breast-fed infants. Prebiotics change gut metabolic activity (by decreasing stool pH and increasing SCFA), have a bifidogenic effect and bring stool consistency and defecation frequency closer to those of breast-fed infants. Although there is only limited evidence that these changes in GI microbiota induce a significant clinical benefit for the immune system, interesting positive trends have been observed in some markers. Additionally, adverse effects are extremely seldom. Prebiotics are added to infant formula because breast milk contains human milk OS. Because most studies suggest a trend of beneficial effects and because these ingredients are very safe, prebiotics bring infant formula one step closer to the golden standard of breast milk.
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Cubillos, Shannon I., and Ihab Tewfik. "The Anti-neoplastic Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics against Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review." Journal of Food Research 11, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v11n2p35.
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With the world’s incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increasing, colon and rectal cancers now form the 3rd most common form of cancer globally, the need to find new solutions to colorectal cancer (CRC) is paramount, as current treatment is limited and comes with many unfavourable side effects. Studies on probiotic bacteria and prebiotic compounds spanning the last ten years reveal promising results describing their ability to act against colorectal cancer development. After screening papers with a specific inclusion criterion, 23 papers were selected for this review. The primary endpoints, biomarkers, and other data were analysed. The results show that overall, the prebiotics and probiotic bacteria included in this study (predominantly the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) have promising anti-neoplastic effects against colorectal cancer, although in varying amounts. Other prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides, branched fructans, and other plant extracts, were shown to have equally positive effects. The concept of using probiotics/prebiotics in addition to established cancer treatment seems more feasible with the various benefits highlighted in this review. At the very least, probiotics/prebiotics may be useful adjuvants, to be used alongside pre-existing colorectal cancer treatment. Probiotics/prebiotics may help alleviate some undesirable side effects of pre-existing treatment (i.e., fluorouracil) such as dysbiosis. Thus, this review aims to build upon the foundations established in microbiome research and encourage the course of future prebiotic and probiotic testing, to further our understanding related to the effect of probiotics/prebiotics on gut health and help treat the growing burden of colorectal cancer.
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Yoshifuji, Kota, Kyoko Inamoto, Yuko Kiridoshi, Kozue Takeshita, Satoshi Sasajima, Yukiko Shiraishi, Yuko Yamashita, et al. "Prebiotics protect against acute graft-versus-host disease and preserve the gut microbiota in stem cell transplantation." Blood Advances 4, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 4607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002604.
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Abstract Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Therefore, management of aGVHD is important for successful transplantation. Mucosal damage and alteration of the gut microbiota after allo-HSCT are key factors in the development of aGVHD. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the ability of prebiotics, which can alleviate mucosal damage and manipulate the gut microbiota, to mitigate posttransplantation complications, including aGVHD. Resistant starch (RS) and a commercially available prebiotics mixture, GFO, were administered to allo-HSCT recipients from pretransplantation conditioning to day 28 after allo-HSCT. Prebiotic intake mitigated mucosal injury and reduced the incidence of all aGVHD grades combined and of aGVHD grades 2 to 4. The cumulative incidence of skin aGVHD was markedly decreased by prebiotics intake. Furthermore, the gut microbial diversity was well maintained and butyrate-producing bacterial population were preserved by prebiotics intake. In addition, the posttransplantation fecal butyrate concentration was maintained or increased more frequently in the prebiotics group. These observations indicate that prebiotic intake may be an effective strategy for preventing aGVHD in allo-HSCT, thereby improving treatment outcomes and the clinical utility of stem cell transplantation approaches. This study was registered on the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) clinical trials registry (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm) as #UMIN000027563.
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Sihombing, Devi Craselly, Ade Dwi Sasanti, and Mohamad Amin. "POPULASI BAKTERI, EFISIENSI PAKAN, PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN NILA (Oreochromis Niloticus) YANG DIBERI PAKAN BERSINBIOTIK." Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia 5, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jari.v5i2.7138.
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ABSTRACTSynbiotics are a balanced combination of probiotics and prebiotics. Synbiotics indirectly influence the population of bacteria in the digestive tract and survival of the fish. The purpose of this research is to determine the affection of synbiotic addition to diet for population of intestinal bacteria, feed efficiency, survival rate and growth of tilapia. This research conducted on October-December 2016 at Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya. This research methode used Completly Randomize Design with six treatments and three replications. Tilapia feed treated with different dose of sweet potato extract prebiotics. P0 treatment by feeding (commercial pellets without probiotics and prebiotics), P1 treatment (5 ml probiotic + 2,5 ml prebiotic/kg pellets), P2 treatment (5 ml probiotic + 5,0 ml prebiotic/kg pellets), P3 treatment (5 ml probiotic + 7,5 ml prebiotic/kg pellets), P4 treatment (5 ml probiotic + 10 ml prebiotic/kg pellets) and P5 treatment (5 ml probiotic + 12,5 ml prebiotic/kg pellets). Parameters to be observed is population of intestinal bacteria, feed efficiency, growth and survival rate of tilapia. The highest value population of intestinal bacteria is P5 treatment with 4,17x104 cfu/ml. P3 treatment has the highest value of feed efficiency 50,19%, growth of length 1,92 cm, growth of weight 8,87 gram and survival rate 88,89%. Keywords: synbiotic, probiotic, prebiotic, feed.
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Rinninella, Emanuele, and Lara Costantini. "Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Prebiotics: Innovation or Confirmation?" Foods 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11020146.
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The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), in its last consensus statement about prebiotics, defined polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as “candidate prebiotics” due to a lack of complete scientific evidence. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of microbiota to metabolize PUFAs, although the role of the resulting metabolites in the host is less known. Recent partial evidence shows that these metabolites can have important health effects in the host, reinforcing the concept of the prebiotic action of PUFAs, despite the data being mostly related to omega-6 linoleic acid and to lactobacilli taxon. However, considering that the symbionts in our gut benefit from the nutritional molecules that we include in our diet, and that bacteria, like all living organisms, cannot benefit from a single nutritional molecule, the concept of the “correct prebiotic diet” should be the new frontier in the field of gut microbiota research.
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Naseer, Maliha, Shiva Poola, Suleyman Uraz, and Veysel Tahan. "Therapeutic Effects of Prebiotics on Constipation: A Schematic Review." Current Clinical Pharmacology 15, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574884715666200212125035.
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Constipation is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that may significantly affect the quality of life and health care costs. Treatment for constipation has been broadly reviewed by cognitive therapies, medications, and surgical interventions. Gut microbiota such as Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacilli have been demonstrated in functional gastrointestinal disorders and prebiotics to play a role in augmenting their presence. Prebiotics are ingredients in foods that remain undigested, stimulating the bacteria. There are a variety of prebiotics; however, there exists only a handful of studies that describe their efficacy for chronic constipation. The purpose of this study is to review the available literature on the utility of different commercially available prebiotics in patients with functional and chronic idiopathic constipation. To fulfil the objectives of the study, published articles in the English language on databases such as Pubmed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE were searched. The terms prebiotics, constipation, chronic constipation, functional constipation were used. We reviewed and included 21 randomized controlled trials exploring the role of prebiotics in constipated adults. Prebiotics are effective treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation and showed improvement in the stool consistency, number of bowel moments and bloating. Although which prebiotic formulary would promote improved symptoms of constipation is still not clear.
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Young, John. "European market developments in prebiotic- and probiotic-containing foodstuffs." British Journal of Nutrition 80, S2 (October 1998): S231—S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500006085.
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A growing number of food manufacturers in western Europe are beginning to explore the commercial opportunities for foodstuffs containing health-promoting microbial food supplements (probiotics) and health-promoting non-digestible food ingredients (prebiotics). A prebiotic is considered to affect the host beneficially by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of naturally present or introduced bacterial species in the colon, also leading to a claimed improvement in host health. Increasingly, probiotics and prebiotics are used in combination, this being termed a synbiotic (Gibson & Roberfroid, 1995). Throughout European history, fermented milk products in particular have been considered beneficial to health, but only in recent years has there been scientific support for these beliefs. Issues considered important to the continuing development of this growing market are proof of safety, proof of efficacy, consumer education, market positioning, price and appropriate health claims strategies. Until recently, much of the innovation in the use of probiotics and prebiotics has been in the dairy cabinet, with an ever-growing number and range of ‘health-promoting’ yoghurts and yoghurt-type fermented milk being made available to the European consumer, a market which is currently estimated to be worth in excess of $US2 billion per annum (Hilliam et al. 1997). However, prebiotics are beginning to find increasing application outside the dairy sector, particularly in baked goods. A key driver behind the broadening application of prebiotics has been the pro-active stance taken by key prebiotic suppliers such as Beghin-Say, Orafti and Cosucra. To date, market activity in probiotic- and prebiotic-containing foods has centred around three health propositions, namely improving general gut health, lowering blood cholesterol and improving the body's natural defences.
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Kolida, S., K. Tuohy, and G. R. Gibson. "Prebiotic effects of inulin and oligofructose." British Journal of Nutrition 87, S2 (May 2002): S193—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn/2002537.
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Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that target certain components within the microbiota of the human large intestine. Efficient prebiotics need to have a specific fermentation therein and thereby have the ability to alter the faecal microflora composition towards a more ‘beneficial’ community structure. This should occur by the stimulation of benign or potentially health promoting genera but not the harmful groups. Because of their positive attributes bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the most frequent target organisms. Both inulin and oligofructose have been demonstrated to be effective prebiotics. This has been shown through both in vitro and in vivo assessments in different laboratories. Because of their recognised prebiotic properties, principally the selective stimulation of colonic bifidobacteria, both inulin and oligofructose are increasingly used in new food product developments. Examples include drinks, yoghurts, biscuits and table spreads. Because of the recognised inhibitory effects that bifidobacteria can exert against gut pathogens, one of the most important aspects of prebiotic ingestion is fortification of the gut flora to resist acute infections.
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Ho, Josephine, Alissa C. Nicolucci, Heidi Virtanen, Alana Schick, Jon Meddings, Raylene A. Reimer, and Carol Huang. "Effect of Prebiotic on Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability, and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 10 (June 12, 2019): 4427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00481.
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Abstract Context Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have lower microbiota diversity and distinct gut microbial profiles that have been linked to changes in intestinal permeability. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that alter gut microbiota and could potentially improve glycemic control and reduce intestinal permeability and thereby insulin sensitivity. Objective To determine the effect of prebiotics on glycemic control, gut microbiota, and intestinal permeability in children with T1D. Design A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in children 8 to 17 years of age with T1D using placebo or prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin for 12 weeks. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessments included HbA1c, C-peptide, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and severe hypoglycemia. Results Forty-three subjects were randomized and 38 completed the study. The groups were similar at baseline: prebiotic (N = 17), age 12.5 years (SD of 2.8), HbA1c 8.02% (SD of 0.82); placebo (N = 21), age 12.0 years (SD of 2.6), HbA1c 8.08% (SD of 0.91). No significant differences were found in the frequency of DKA or severe hypoglycemia. At 3-months, C-peptide was significantly higher (P = 0.029) in the group who received prebiotics, which was accompanied by a modest improvement in intestinal permeability (P = 0.076). There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium within the prebiotic group at 3 months that was no longer present after the 3-month washout. The placebo group had significantly higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Roseburia inulinivorans, Terrisporobacter, and Faecalitalea compared with the prebiotic group at 3 months. Conclusion Prebiotics are a potentially novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for T1D that may improve glycemic control. Further larger-scale trials are needed.
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Amirdahri, S., H. Janmohammadi, A. Taghizadeh, and A. Rafat. "Effect of prebiotic on performance of broiler chicks in low protein diets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030623.
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In view of the severe restriction or total ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and therapeutic agents in poultry industry, probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested as alternatives to antibiotics (pirayet al, 2007). Prebiotic are known as “a nondigestible feed ingredient” that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth or activity of a limited number of bacteria in the colon (Gibson and Roberfroid, 1995). Prebiotics has a significant effect on body weight gain and feed to gain ratio (pirayet al, 2007). The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of adding prebiotic on broiler growth performance in low protein diets.
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Csapó, J., D. Kiss, and Cs Albert. "Production of prebiotics via reactions involving lactose as well as malic acid and citric acid." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausal-2018-0006.
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Abstract Prebiotics are such indigestible food ingredients that enter the colon and serve as nutrient for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Since fibres and oligosaccharides are the typical prebiotics, we produced prebiotics in our experiments with the reaction of lactose and malic acid as well as citric acid, where these reactions made use of an appropriate concentration of these substances, had an adequate duration, and were carried out under optimal temperature conditions. We determined the optimal parameters of the reaction, measured the loss of the starting materials as well as the increase in concentration of the end-product, and analysed the total sugar content of the hydrolysed prebiotics after hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid. In vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate our end-product’s resistance to carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, which is a fundamental requirement for a prebiotic so that upon reaching the colon it can serve as nutrient for the probiotic bacteria found there.
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Kang, Jea Woo, and Angela M. Zivkovic. "The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112310.
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The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a critical modulator of brain function, with the so-called gut-brain axis having multiple links with a variety of neurodegenerative and mental health conditions, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Various approaches for modulating the gut microbiome toward compositional and functional states that are consistent with improved cognitive health outcomes have been documented, including probiotics and prebiotics. While probiotics are live microorganisms that directly confer beneficial health effects, prebiotics are oligosaccharide and polysaccharide structures that can beneficially modulate the gut microbiome by enhancing the growth, survival, and/or function of gut microbes that in turn have beneficial effects on the human host. In this review, we discuss evidence showing the potential link between gut microbiome composition and AD onset or development, provide an overview of prebiotic types and their roles in altering gut microbial composition, discuss the effectiveness of prebiotics in regulating gut microbiome composition and microbially derived metabolites, and discuss the current evidence linking prebiotics with health outcomes related to AD in both animal models and human trials. Though there is a paucity of human clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness of prebiotics in altering gut microbiome-mediated health outcomes in AD, current evidence highlights the potential of various prebiotic approaches for beneficially altering the gut microbiota or gut physiology by promoting the production of butyrate, indoles, and secondary bile acid profiles that further regulate gut immunity and mucosal homeostasis, which are associated with beneficial effects on the central immune system and brain functionality.
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Renye, John A., Andre K. White, and Arland T. Hotchkiss. "Identification of Lactobacillus Strains Capable of Fermenting Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Inulin." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102020.
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Novel probiotic strains that can ferment prebiotics are important for functional foods. The utilization of prebiotics is strain specific, so we screened 86 Lactobacillus strains and compared them to Bifidobacterium breve 2141 for the ability to grow and produce SCFA when 1% inulin or fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) were provided as the carbon source in batch fermentations. When grown anaerobically at 32 °C, ten Lactobacillus strains grew on both prebiotic substrates (OD600 ≥ 1.2); while Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens B4390 grew only in the presence of inulin. When the growth temperature was increased to 37 °C to simulate the human body temperature, four of these strains were no longer able to grow on either prebiotic. Additionally, L. casei strains 4646 and B441, and L. helveticus strains B1842 and B1929 did not require anaerobic conditions for growth on both prebiotics. Short-chain fatty acid analysis was performed on cell-free supernatants. The concentration of lactic acid produced by the ten Lactobacillus strains in the presence of prebiotics ranged from 73–205 mM. L. helveticus B1929 produced the highest concentration of acetic acid ~19 mM, while L. paraplantarum B23115 and L. paracasei ssp. paracasei B4564 produced the highest concentrations of propionic (1.8–4.0 mM) and butyric (0.9 and 1.1 mM) acids from prebiotic fermentation. L. mali B4563, L. paraplantarum B23115 and L. paracasei ssp. paracasei B4564 were identified as butyrate producers for the first time. These strains hold potential as synbiotics with FOS or inulin in the development of functional foods, including infant formula.
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Bedu-Ferrari, Cassandre, Paul Biscarrat, Philippe Langella, and Claire Cherbuy. "Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102096.
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The colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes the densest microbial ecosystem in the human body. These commensal gut microbes play a key role in human health and diseases, revealing the strong potential of fine-tuning the gut microbiota to confer health benefits. In this context, dietary strategies targeting gut microbes to modulate the composition and metabolic function of microbial communities are of increasing interest. One such dietary strategy is the use of prebiotics, which are defined as substrates that are selectively utilised by host microorganisms to confer a health benefit. A better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of prebiotics is essential to improve these nutritional strategies. In this review, we will present the concept of prebiotics, and focus on the main sources and nature of these components, which are mainly non-digestible polysaccharides. We will review the breakdown mechanisms of complex carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota and present short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as key molecules mediating the dialogue between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Finally, we will review human studies exploring the potential of prebiotics in metabolic diseases, revealing the personalised responses to prebiotic ingestion. In conclusion, we hope that this review will be of interest to identify mechanistic factors for the optimization of prebiotic-based strategies.
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Wilson, Bridgette, Özge Eyice, Ioannis Koumoutsos, Miranda C. Lomer, Peter M. Irving, James O. Lindsay, and Kevin Whelan. "Prebiotic Galactooligosaccharide Supplementation in Adults with Ulcerative Colitis: Exploring the Impact on Peripheral Blood Gene Expression, Gut Microbiota, and Clinical Symptoms." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 3598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103598.
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Prebiotics may promote immune homeostasis and reduce sub-clinical inflammation in humans. This study investigated the effect of prebiotic galactooligosaccharide (GOS) supplementation in colonic inflammation. Seventeen patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) consumed 2.8 g/d GOS for 6 weeks. At baseline and 6 weeks, gene expression (microarray), fecal calprotectin (ELISA), microbiota (16S rRNA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas-liquid chromatography), and clinical outcomes (simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI), gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), and Bristol stool form scale (BSFS)) were measured. Following prebiotics, clinical scores (SCCAI), fecal calprotectin, SCFAs, and pH were unchanged. Five genes were upregulated and two downregulated. Normal stool proportion (BSFS) increased (49% vs. 70%, p = 0.024), and the incidence (46% vs. 23%, p = 0.016) and severity (0.7 vs. 0.5, p = 0.048) of loose stool (GSRS), along with urgency (SCCAI) scores (1.0 vs. 0.5, p = 0.011), were reduced. In patients with a baseline SCCAI ≤2, prebiotics increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium from 1.65% (1.97) to 3.99% (5.37) (p = 0.046) and Christensenellaceae from 0.13% (0.33) to 0.31% (0.76) (p = 0.043). Prebiotics did not lower clinical scores or inflammation but normalized stools. Bifidobacterium and Christensenellaceae proportions only increased in patients with less active diseases, indicating that the prebiotic effect may depend on disease activity. A controlled study is required to validate these observations.
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Guarino, Michele, Annamaria Altomare, Sara Emerenziani, Claudia Di Rosa, Mentore Ribolsi, Paola Balestrieri, Paola Iovino, Giulia Rocchi, and Michele Cicala. "Mechanisms of Action of Prebiotics and Their Effects on Gastro-Intestinal Disorders in Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041037.
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In recent years, research has focused on the use of dietary fibers and prebiotics, since many of these polysaccharides can be metabolized by intestinal microbiota, leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids. The metabolites of prebiotic fermentation also show anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities, suggesting an interesting role in the treatment of several pathological conditions. Galacto-oligosaccharide and short- and long-chain fructans (Fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin) are the most studied prebiotics, even if other dietary compounds seem to show the same features. There is an increasing interest in dietary strategies to modulate microbiota. The aim of this review is to explore the mechanisms of action of prebiotics and their effects on the principal gastro-intestinal disorders in adults, with a special focus on Galacto-oligosaccharides, Fructo-oligosaccharides, lactulose and new emerging substances which currently have evidence of prebiotics effects, such as xilooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, lactobionic acid, resistant starch and polyphenols.
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I.N.Kholodova, I. N. Kholodova, and E. S. Kiseleva E.S.Kiseleva. "Functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants: is it possible to treat them with infant formulas?" Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, no. 1 (2022): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-1-157-166.
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The etiology, pathogenesis, and characteristics of neonatal colic are being actively explored by clinicians and researchers. The impact of nutrition on colic in newborns is still not fully understood and requires further investigations. This article discusses the role of functional nutrients of infant formulas (including prebiotics and probiotics) in the prevention and correction of colic in newborns and their impact on the formation of the intestinal microbiota. It also focuses on the effect of prebiotics in the diet on the intestinal microbiome composition, severity of colic in newborns, and association between the presence of probiotic cultures in the diet and development of colic. We emphasize the importance of studying microbiome composition and metabolites produced by intestinal commensals, including short-chain fatty acids. We also describe possible prebiotic and probiotic effects of infant formula containing goat milk. Key words: infantile colic, infant formula, prebiotics, prebiotics, oligosaccharides 2'-FL, GOS, Bifidobacterium lactis, gut microbiota, goat milk
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Brooks, Stephen P. J., and Martin L. Kalmokoff. "Prebiotics and Probiotics: Some Thoughts on Demonstration of Efficacy Within the Regulatory Sphere." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge_brooks.
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Abstract Probiotics and prebiotics present regulators with challenges because they require a demonstrated positive health outcome and proof that the prebiotic or probiotic is the agent of action once safety aspects have been satisfied. Thus, probiotic and prebiotic definitions are important because they will set the criteria by which these materials will be judged within the regulatory sphere. Use of the terms probiotic and prebiotic are, themselves, considered health claims in some jurisdictions, so that both product health claims and product content labeling may be regulated. Currently accepted definitions of prebiotic and probiotic make it easier to draw a straight line between ingestion and health outcome for probiotics but much more difficult for prebiotics, where a health outcome must be linked to changes in specific bacterial species within the gut microbial community. These challenges highlight the difficulties facing regulatory bodies and the scientific community when emerging science is turned into consumable product.
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Nath, Arijit, Máté Molnár, Attila Csighy, Kornélia Kőszegi, Ildikó Galambos, Klára Huszár, András Koris, and Gyula Vatai. "Biological Activities of Lactose-Based Prebiotics and Symbiosis with Probiotics on Controlling Osteoporosis, Blood-Lipid and Glucose Levels." Medicina 54, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54060098.
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Lactose-based prebiotics are synthesized by enzymatic- or microbial- biotransformation of lactose and have unique functional values. In this comprehensive review article, the biochemical mechanisms of controlling osteoporosis, blood-lipid, and glucose levels by lactose-based prebiotics and symbiosis with probiotics are reported along with the results of clinical investigations. Interaction between lactose-based prebiotics and probiotics reduces osteoporosis by (a) transforming insoluble inorganic salts to soluble and increasing their absorption to gut wall; (b) maintaining and protecting mineral absorption surface in the intestine; (c) increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the gut wall; (d) remodeling osteoclasts and osteoblasts formation; (e) releasing bone modulating factors; and (f) degrading mineral complexing phytic acid. Lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics control lipid level in the bloodstream and tissue by (a) suppressing the expressions of lipogenic- genes and enzymes; (b) oxidizing fatty acids in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue; (c) binding cholesterol with cell membrane of probiotics and subsequent assimilation by probiotics; (d) enzymatic-transformations of bile acids; and (e) converting cholesterol to coprostanol and its defecation. Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids. Clinical investigations show that lactose-based prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide improves mineral absorption and reduces hyperlipidemia. Another lactose-based prebiotic, lactulose, improves mineral absorption, and reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It is expected that this review article will be of benefit to food technologists and medical practitioners.
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Fagundes, Daiane Dantas, Leda Gobbo de Freitas Bueno, Gislaine Trecenti Teixeira, Marcos Martinez do Valley, and Mario Mollo Neto. "QUALITY OF LAYING EGGS USING PREBIOTIC ADDITIVES CREATED IN CAGE." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss8.3284.
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This study aims to evaluate the quality of eggs in laying hens reared at different densities in cage-free system, receiving diets with the addition of prebiotic additives. An observational study was carried out with 45 laying hens of the Novogen Brown scaling, which was in the phase of peak production (28 – 37 weeks), in prototypes of reduced scale without air conditioning and divided into group 1 (G1): density of two poultry /m² (11 poultry ) and diet with addition of a prebiotic pool; group 2 (G2): density of three poultry /m² (17 poultry ) and commercial diet without the addition of prebiotics and antibiotics; group 3 (G3): density of three poultry /m² (17 poultry ) and also diet with the addition of a prebiotic pool. In this study, the statistical evaluation was performed, the effects of densities 2 poultry /m² (G1) or 3 poultry /m² (G3) and the effects of diet with prebiotics (G3) and without prebiotics (G2) in laying poultry were performed. The data were submitted to variance analysis by the GLM procedure of the SAS Program V9 (2002), using the Student's T Test at a level of 5% significance. The results referring to eggeso (g), albumen height (mm), yolk color, haugh unit (UH), peel resistance (Kgf) between G1 and G3 showed no statistically difference, since in relation to the thickness of the shell (mm) differed (P>0.05). In the analysis between G2 and G3, the statistical difference (P>0.05) obtained among all the panels analyzed. In the face of the above, it can be reported that the results of quality variables undergo the action of prebiotics in laying hens created in the Cage-free system.
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Krausova, Gabriela, Iveta Hynstova, Roman Svejstil, Iva Mrvikova, and Robert Kadlec. "Identification of Synbiotics Conducive to Probiotics Adherence to Intestinal Mucosa Using an In Vitro Caco-2 and HT29-MTX Cell Model." Processes 9, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040569.
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The ability of bacteria to adhere to the intestinal mucosa is a critical property necessary for the long-term colonization of the intestinal tract. This ability can be highly sensitive to the presence of prebiotics. However, limited data are available in this respect for beneficial bacteria such as probiotics or resident gut microbiota. We previously demonstrated that the presence of prebiotics may decrease adherence in several pre- and probiotic combinations. Thus, characterizing the interactions between numerous combinations involving different classes of pre- and probiotics can be crucial in identifying new synbiotics. Accordingly, here, we extend our prior analyses to evaluate the adhesion of five lactobacilli, six bifidobacteria, and one probiotic Escherichia coli strains, as commercial probiotics or promising probiotic candidates, together with the cariogenic Bifidobacterium dentium strain. As an in vitro intestinal mucosa model, Caco-2 and mucin-secreting HT29-MTX cells were co-cultured at 9:1 in the presence or absence of prebiotics. Commercial inulin-type fructooligosaccharide prebiotics Orafti® GR, Orafti® P95, and galactooligosaccharide-based prebiotic formula Vivinal®, including purified human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were added into the cultivation media as the sole sugar source (2.5% each). Adherence was tested using microtiter plates and was evaluated as the percentage of fluorescently labeled bacteria present in the wells after three washes. Consistent prebiotics-mediated enhanced adherence was observed only for the commercial probiotic strain E. coli O83. For the remaining strains, the presence of HMO or prebiotics Orafti® P95 or Orafti® GR decreased adherence, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05) for three of out of eight (HMO) or five of out of 11 strains tested, respectively. Conversely, Vivinal® enhanced adhesion in six out of the 12 strains tested, and notably, it significantly attenuated the adherence of the cariogenic Bifidobacterium dentium Culture Collection of Dairy Microorganisms (CCDM) 318. To our knowledge, this represents the first report on the influence of commercial prebiotics and HMOs on the adhesion of the cariogenic Bifidobacterium sp. Vivinal® seems to be a promising prebiotic to be used in the formulation of synbiotics, supporting the adhesion of a wide range of probiotics, especially the strains B. bifidum BBV and BBM and the probiotic Escherichia coli O83.
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Bamigbade, Gafar Babatunde, Athira Jayasree Subhash, Afaf Kamal-Eldin, Laura Nyström, and Mutamed Ayyash. "An Updated Review on Prebiotics: Insights on Potentials of Food Seeds Waste as Source of Potential Prebiotics." Molecules 27, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 5947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185947.
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Prebiotics are a group of biological nutrients that are capable of being degraded by microflora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. When prebiotics are ingested, either as a food additive or as a supplement, the colonic microflora degrade them, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are simultaneously released in the colon and absorbed into the blood circulatory system. The two major groups of prebiotics that have been extensively studied in relation to human health are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The candidature of a compound to be regarded as a prebiotic is a function of how much of dietary fiber it contains. The seeds of fruits such as date palms have been reported to contain dietary fiber. An increasing awareness of the consumption of fruits and seeds as part of the daily diet, as well as poor storage systems for seeds, have generated an enormous amount of seed waste, which is traditionally discarded in landfills or incinerated. This cultural practice is hazardous to the environment because seed waste is rich in organic compounds that can produce hazardous gases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential use of seed wastes in prebiotic production, consequently reducing the environmental hazards posed by these wastes.
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Cherry, Paul, Supriya Yadav, Conall R. Strain, Philip J. Allsopp, Emeir M. McSorley, R. Paul Ross, and Catherine Stanton. "Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity?" Marine Drugs 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17060327.
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Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to “a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit”, which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Odila Pereira, Joana, José Soares, Eduardo Costa, Sara Silva, Ana Gomes, and Manuela Pintado. "Characterization of Edible Films Based on Alginate or Whey Protein Incorporated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Prebiotics." Coatings 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2019): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080493.
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Recently, edible films were shown to be an effective strategy for the delivery of functional ingredients, such as probiotics and prebiotics. With that in mind, two soluble fibres (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) were selected as prebiotic elements, in whey protein isolate (WPI) and alginate (ALG) matrices plasticized with glycerol and used for the incorporation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12. The results obtained showed that the viability of the B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 probiotic strain was maintained within the minimum threshold (106 CFU/g) necessary to act as a probiotic throughout 60 days of storage at 23 °C. The incorporation of prebiotic compounds improved B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 viability, with inulin showing the best performance, as it maintained the viability at 7.34 log CFU/g. The compositional characteristics (biopolymer type and prebiotics addition) of the film forming solutions had no significant impact upon the viability of the probiotic strain. The incorporation of probiotics and prebiotics did not modify the infrared spectra, revealing that the molecular structure of the films was not modified. The moisture content and water solubility decreased positively in WPI- and ALG-based films with the addition of prebiotics compounds. Overall, the results obtained in this work support the use of WPI films containing inulin as a good strategy to immobilize B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, with potential applications in the development of functional foods.
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Aswani, Mayur Arjun, Suyash Arunrao Kathade, Akib Nisar, Pashmin Kaur Anand, Bipinraj Nirichan Kunchiraman, and Suresh Dnyadeo Jagtap. "Prebiotic Profiling of Indigenous Selected Dioscorea Spp. Using In-vitro Techniques." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2993.
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The current study used an in-vitro technique to evaluate the functional potential of Dioscorea alata L. and D. bulbifera L. extracts as prebiotics. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that undergo a selective fermentation process in the gut to benefit the host, according to Gibson and Roberfroid in 1995. Many wild edible plants are high in carbohydrates and are utilised as both a staple food and medicine for a variety of stomach-related disorders. This study employed sweet tuber (ST), bitter tuber (BT), sweet bulbils (SB), and bitter bulbils (BB) from D. bulbifera, as well as tuber (AT) from D. alata and extracted prebiotics using standard method.The AT plant sample seemed to have the least reducing sugars, with a concentration of 2.83 mg/mL. The prebiotic activity of ST, BT, SB, BB, and AT samples was examined as the sole carbon source for microorganisms; among these, AT exhibited a considerable increase in the growth of recognised probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. boulardii, and Pichia spp. in-vitro when compared to fructooligosaccharides (FOS). This preliminary investigation indicates that AT has the potential to be used as a promising prebiotic.
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Sara, Aurel, Radu Marti, Mihai Iacob Bentea, Ionel Toader, and Erol Florian Gabor. "THE EFFECTS OF SOME PREBIOTIC PRODUCTS (ACTIGEN, BIOTRONIC TOP3) ADMINISTRATED IN THE FOOD OF BROILER CHICKENS ON THE MEAT QUALITY." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 73, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:12239.
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Following the 2006 EU ban of antibiotic-based growth promoters, the use of alternative products, such as prebiotics, became a necessity. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of prebiotic products (Actigen şi Biotronic Top3) on meat quality in broiler chickens. The research has been conducted on a number of 75 Ross-308 hybrid broilers, assigned in three groups (25 individuals/group), over a period of 42 days. Group 1(E) was fed with the base diet supplemented with the Actigen prebiotic in a proportion of 0.08% in the first growth phase (days 1-14), 0.04% in the second phase (days 14-35) and 0.02% in the third phase (days 35-42). Group 2(E) received the base feed supplemented with the Biotronic Top3 prebiotic (0.1%) throughout the whole growth period. At the end of the study period, five broilers from every group have been sacrificed to determine meat quality and meat chemical composition. The usage of prebiotics led to an increase of the carcass weight gain of 16.29% in group 1(E) receiving Actigen and 13.49% in group 2(E), fed with Biotronic Top3, compared to the control group. The percentage of superior quality meat (quality I and II) in the carcass was higher by 4.4% in group 2(E) Biotronic Top3 and by 1.67% in group 1(E) Actigen compared to the control group. Following the administration of Actigen and Biotronic Top3 prebiotics, in groups 1(E) and 2(E) the meat quality was improved in groups 1(E) and 2(E), due to an increase in the protein content and a reduction of the fat content. These results confirm that prebiotics administered in the feeds for broiler chickens have favourable effects on the meat production and meat quality.
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Dobryanska, O., M. Simon, and R. Kolesnyk. "Prebiotics based on mannan-oligosaccharides in fish feeding (a review)." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 2(60) (June 29, 2022): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2022.02.054.
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Purpose. To analyze the array of special literature and summarize the information obtained on the peculiarities of prebiotics based on mannan-oligosaccharides. To review the basic principles and prospects of their application in fish feeding, first of all in the conditions of aquaculture of Ukraine. Findings. An overview of modern scientific publications on the pecularitires of prebiotics based on mannan-oligosaccharides, the prerequisites for their widespread use and prospects for use in aquaculture is presented. The literature data on main directions of the effect of these drugs on non-specific immunity of fish and increase of resistance of fish body are summarized. The expediency of using prebiotics in reservoirs of different types is reviwed, considering the environmental safety of these drugs. The prospects of creating new generations of prebiotics based on mannan-oligosaccharides and their use in different types of fish farms in Ukraine are shown. The obtained results testify to the expediency and efficiency of using the prebiotic “Actigen” in fish farming. Introduction of prebiotics based on mannan-oligosaccharides to feeds of different composition helps to obtain additional growth and increase the economic component in the cultivation of fish to marketable condition. Practical Value. The review can be useful for scientists, postdoc students, gdaduate students, government officials and private entrepreneurs involved in the process of production of aquaculture products, fish feeding and maintaining the environmental safety of water bodies. Keywords: prebiotics, mannan-oligosaccharides, fish feeding, feed conversion, non-specific immunity, resistance, microbiota.
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Skórka, Agata, Małgorzata Pieścik-Lech, Maciej Kołodziej, and Hania Szajewska. "Infant formulae supplemented with prebiotics: Are they better than unsupplemented formulae? An updated systematic review." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 7 (February 19, 2018): 810–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000120.
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AbstractIn 2011, the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition systematically reviewed published evidence related to the safety and health effects of the administration of formulae supplemented with pro- and/or prebiotics compared with unsupplemented formulae. We updated evidence on the effects of the administration of prebiotic-supplemented infant formulae (IF) compared with unsupplemented IF. Five databases were searched up to March 2017 for randomised controlled trials. In all, forty-one publications were identified, including twenty-five new publications. The administration of currently evaluated prebiotic-supplemented formulae to healthy infants does not raise safety concerns with regard to growth and adverse effects. Some favourable clinical effects are possible, primarily stool softening, which may be beneficial in some infants. Currently, there is no existing robust evidence to recommend the routine use of prebiotic-supplemented formulae. The latter conclusion may reflect the small amount of data on specific prebiotics and outcomes, rather than a genuine lack of an effect. The efficacy and safety should be considered for each prebiotic(s)-supplemented formula.
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Karki, Tika, Shilva Shrestha, Binita Bohara, and Ujwal Jyakhwa. "Characterization and Comparison of Soy Milk and Buffalo Milk Based Synbiotic Product." Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal 8 (December 15, 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11737.
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Today consumers prefer foods that not only provide basic nutrition but also contain compounds that confer health benefits. Among the functional food, synbiotic products are showing a promising future. Soy based synbiotic products using different probiotics: A1B and MgA (lactobacillus strains) and L.rhamanosus ATCC 9595 and prebiotics: lactulose, sunfibre and inulin were prepared and its antiradical activities along with other characteristics were studied. The study also aimed to determine the most suitable prebiotics and probiotics. Furthermore, the prebiotics and the organisms were also cultured in buffalo milk to compare its properties with synbiotic soy yoghurt. Synbiotic soy yoghurt showed highest anti-radical activity with % inhibition at the range of 41-45 % and the one with probiotic L.rhamnosus and prebiotic inulin was found to be the most suitable product. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11737 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (23-29), 2013