Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Preadolescence and adolescence'

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1

Chagnon, Jean-Yves. "Le pronostic a la preadolescence." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H006.

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Cette recherche porte sur le fonctionnement psychique des preadolescents et leur devenir. Trente deux preadolescents non consultants repartis en 3 sous groupes : latent(e)s (1011 ans), preadolescent(e)s non puberes (11-13 ans), preadolescents ou jeunes adolescents puberes (12-14 ans), ont ete vus en bilan psychologique interprete dans une perspective psychanalytique dans un temps 1 de la recherche (tl : etude comparative par groupe). Quinze sujets ont ete revus dans un temps 2, en moyenne cinq ans plus tard, afin de savoir ce qu'ils etaient devenus a l'adolescence (t2 : etude longitudinale). Deux hypotheses ont ete mises a l'epreuve; le deroulement de l'adolescence depend de la qualite du travail psychique issu de la phase de latence et de preadolescence ; la preadolescence se caracterisepar un double mouvement contradictoire de renforcement defensif et elaboratif du moi dans la suite de la latence et par les premieres destabilisations psychiques en amont de la puberte manifeste. Les resultats sont surprenants. Le groupe de "latents" s'ecarte notablement du schema theorique de latence ideale : le fonctionnement mental s'avere peu souple souvent inhibe ou encore "chaud". L'identite de genre reste ambigue. La couverture nevrotique mentalisee ne s'interioriserait que tardivement alors que l'hypothese de destabilisations precoces, pulsionnelles et (pre)depressives est confirmee. Chez les filles la discontinuite entre non puberes et puberes est plus manifeste que chez les garcons : la survenue des regles scande le passage de la feminite phallique au feminin-maternel. Au t2 il est constate que les sujets organises sur un mode nevrotique phoboobsessionnel et ayant developpe de solides auto-erotismes mentaux (plaisir du fonctionnement, plaisir de desirer) "passent" mieux l'adolescence que les sujets inhibes ou labiles plus dependants de l'environnement aux risques des mauvaises rencontres.
2

Ollier, Blandine. "Réaménagements narcissiques et objectaux chez l'adolescent.e harcelé.e : le masochisme, un destin des achoppements identificatoires ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA131061.

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Cette recherche propose d'étudier les réaménagements narcissiques et objectaux susceptibles d'être mobilisés chez les adolescent.e.s harcelé.e.s. Plus spécifiquement, à partir de nos entretiens de recherche et des travaux analytiques déjà existants à propos des adolescents harcelés, nous nous sommes interrogées sur la fragilité des assises narcissiques et des positions sexuées, ainsi que sur les particularités relatives aux aménagements identificatoires et au traitement pulsionnel chez ces derniers. Ce cheminement nous a conduit sur les traces du masochisme. Si notre hypothèse en lien avec la nature masochiste des conduites défensives chez certains adolescents harcelés nous est apparue si intéressante, c'est aussi du fait de la particularité de la tranche d'âge des sujets qui convoque avec une acuité certaine les risques de désintrication inhérents à la réactivation œdipienne et aux remaniements identificatoires. Ainsi notre problématique est la suivante : les achoppements identificatoires repérables chez les adolescents en situation de harcèlement scolaire pourraient-ils connaitre, dans certains cas, un destin à coloration masochiste ? Au niveau méthodologique, la population est composée de 10 préadolescents et adolescents harcelés (5 filles et 5 garçons). Le matériel clinique a été recueilli par la mise en place d'un dispositif en trois entretiens au sein des établissements partenaires. L'entretien préliminaire était suivi d'un entretien comprenant la passation des tests projectifs (Rorschach, T.A.T. et planches complémentaires en situation scolaire), puis d'un entretien de restitution. Les résultats mettent en lumière que la construction d'un maillage identificatoire en lien avec l'être harcelé, pourrait revêtir une dimension initiatique au travers d'une posture victimaire, voire sacrificielle, participant au travail de subjectivation propre à l'adolescence. Cette posture peut être amenée à s'exprimer au travers d'aménagements psychiques à coloration masochiste susceptibles de s'illustrer soit via l'externalisation de modalités passives et masochistes dans le lien aux pairs, soit par un retournement de l'agressivité contre soi. Si ces deux modalités peuvent se retrouver chez tout type de fonctionnement psychique sans présager d'un devenir nécessairement pathogène - du fait notamment de la plasticité relative au processus adolescent - leurs enjeux seront différents en fonction du registre de problématique dans lequel le sujet s'inscrit. Ainsi, dans certains cas, le recours au masochisme peut s'apparenter à une tentative de subjectivation en lien avec une quête traumatotropique au service d'un besoin de différenciation vis-à-vis des premiers objets d'amour. Dans d'autres cas, lorsque la subjectivation se sclérose autour de la traumatophilie, le risque mélancolique n'est jamais loin
This research proposes to study the narcissistic and objectual rearrangements likely to be mobilized among harassed adolescents. More specifically, based on our research interviews and existing analytical work on harassed adolescents, we questioned the fragility of narcissistic foundations and sexual positions, as well as the particularities relating to the arrangements of identifications and impulses among the latter. This path has led us on the trail of masochism. If our hypothesis linked to the masochistic nature of defensive behavior among some harassed adolescents appeared so interesting to us, it is also due to the particularity of the age group of the subjects which calls for numerous changes due to of Oedipal reactivation. So our problematic is the following: could the identificatory stumbles identified among adolescents in situations of school bullying experience have, in certain cases, a destiny with a masochistic evolution?We used a population made up of 10 bullied pre-adolescents and adolescents (5 girls and 5 boys) to carry out our research. The clinical material was collected by setting up a three-interview system within the partner establishments. The preliminary interview was followed by an interview including the administration of projective tests (Rorschach, T.A.T. and additional boards in a school situation), then a feedback interview.The results highlight that the construction of an identification linked to the fact of being harassed, could take on an initiatory dimension through a victim posture, even sacrificial, participating in the work of subjectification specific to adolescence. This posture can be expressed through psychological adjustments with a masochistic color likely to be illustrated either via the externalization of passive and masochistic modalities in the bond with peers, or by a reversal of aggressiveness against themselves. If these two modalities can be found in any type of psychological functioning without foreboding a necessarily pathogenic outcome ? in particular due to the plasticity relating to the adolescent process ? their impact will be different depending on the register of problems in which the subject fits. Thus, in certain cases, the use of masochism can be compared to an attempt at subjectification linked to a traumatic quest serving a need for differentiation with respect to the first objects of love. In other cases, when subjectification becomes fossilized around traumatophilia, the risk of melancholy is close
3

Boyle, Lauren Helena. "Negative Urgency, Pubertal Onset and the Longitudinal Prediction of Alcohol Consumption During the Transition from Preadolescence to Adolescence." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/50.

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Alcohol use in early adolescence is associated with numerous concurrent and future problems, including diagnosable alcohol use disorders. The trait of negative urgency, the tendency to act rashly when distressed, is an important predictor of alcohol-related dysfunction in youth and adults. The aim of this study was to test a model proposed by Cyders and Smith (2008) specifying a puberty-based developmental increase in negative urgency, which in turn predicts subsequent increases in early adolescent drinking. In a sample of 1,910 youth assessed semi- annually from spring of 5th grade through spring of 8th grade, we found support for this model. Pubertal onset was associated with both a mean increase and subsequent rises in negative urgency over time. Drinking frequency at any wave was predicted by prior wave assessments of drinking frequency, negative urgency, and pubertal onset. The slope of increase in drinking also increased as a function of pubertal onset. This model applied to negative urgency but not to other impulsivity-related traits. These findings highlight the importance of personality change in early adolescence as part of the risk matrix for early onset alcohol consumption.
4

Ortiz, Vanderhoof Samantha. "The Paradox of Corticosterone Treatment Ameliorating the Effects of Preadolescent Stress into Adulthood: Enhanced Maintenance of Long-Term Associative Memories." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1624536916105986.

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5

Willhelm, Alice Rodrigues. "Avaliação da impulsividade, controle inibitório e uso de álcool em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130498.

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As fases da pré-adolescência e adolescência são complexas porque englobam diversas mudanças nos indivíduos, se passa por rápido crescimento físico, alteração hormonal, mudanças no ambiente social e nas exigências. Estas fases são caracterizadas por comportamentos de risco por falta de controle inibitório, que está relacionado ao córtex pré- frontal, última área a se desenvolver do sistema nervoso. Há também a experimentação de álcool e drogas durante a adolescência e puberdade. Este trabalho realizou três estudos que abrangeram a temática do controle inibitório na pré-adolescência e adolescência. O primeiro foi uma revisão sistemática a respeito da avaliação do controle inibitório na adolescência e uso de neuroimagem. O segundo investigou a relação do consumo de álcool na adolescência com uso excessivo de bebidas alcóolicas dos pais. E o terceiro objetivou avaliar a impulsividade, controle inibitório e consumo de álcool em indivíduos de 10 a 16 anos. Os três artigos sugeriram um padrão de maior controle inibitório ao longo do desenvolvimento na fase da adolescência. Ainda foi possível observar que as bebidas alcóolicas têm sido consumidas cada vez mais precocemente e em maiores quantidades. Além disso, o consumo excessivo de álcool dos pais de adolescentes pode influenciar no consumo dos filhos nesta fase.
Stages of pre-adolescence and adolescence are complex because they involve several changes in individuals, they pass through a fast physical growth, hormonal changes, changes in the social environment and the requirements. These phases are characterized by risk behavior for lack of inhibitory control, which is related to the prefrontal cortex, the last area to develop the nervous system. There are also experimenting with alcohol and drugs during adolescence and puberty. This work conducted three studies which approached the inhibitory control in preadolescence and adolescence. The first was a systematic review regarding the inhibitory control assessment in adolescence and use of neuroimaging. The second investigated the relationship of alcohol consumption in adolescence with excessive use of alcohol from parents. And the third was aimed at evaluating impulsivity, inhibitory control and alcohol consumption in individuals 10-16 years. The three articles suggested a pattern of greater inhibitory control over development in adolescence. Although it was observed that the alcoholic beverages have been consumed ever earlier and in larger quantities. In addition, excessive alcohol consumption of parents of teenagers can influence the consumption of children at this stage.
6

Latsko, Maeson Shea. "Neuroendocrine and Gene Expression Changes Indicate Adult Phenotypic Responses to Periadolescent Social Stress." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1435757204.

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7

McKinney, Michelle Angela 1963. "Stand by me: preadolescent best friendships." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558116.

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8

Goddard, Michael S. "A Drama-Based Group Intervention for Adolescents to Improve Mentalization." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1597409479861618.

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9

BUFFOLI, ALESSANDRO. "PREADOLESCENTI ITALIANI E DI ORIGINE STRANIERA: SOMIGLIANZE E DIFFERENZE NELLA SCELTA SCOLASTICA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2462.

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Da alcuni anni a questa parte, la scuola italiana è chiamata sempre più ad affrontare l’accoglienza e la formazione di studenti stranieri. Per chi si occupa di orientamento la sfida è duplice. Da un lato si nota la tendenza a scegliere percorsi di studio più semplici e meno proiettati verso il prosieguo degli studi: il 40,4% degli studenti stranieri prediligere gli Istituti Professionali, contro il 19% degli italiani, e il 38,0% gli Istituti Tecnici, contro il 33,2% degli italiani. Nonstante ciò, vi è carenza di ricerche cross-culturali in merito all'orientamento con le minoranze culturali presenti in Italia. Questo studio ha l'obiettivo di fornire una migliore comprensione riguardo agli aspetti psiclogici che influenzano le scelte scolastiche tra gli studenti immigrati. In particolare, mira a comprendere come la cultura, ed una sua parte fondamentale quale è il significato attribuito alla realtà, moduli le scelte in materia di orientamento. Inoltre, sono state indagate le barriere percepite, gli interessi, la motivazione scolastica e gli atteggiamenti verso lo studio, oltre al ruolo svolto da specifiche sindromi culturali.
The Italian school system has been facing with the reception and the training of foreign studens for several years now. For those involved in vocational guidance, the challenge is twofold. On the one hand there is a tendency to choose courses of simplier study and less projected towards the continuation of their studies: 40.4% of students prefer the Professional Institutes, compared to 19% of Italians, and 38.0 % Technical Institutes, compared to 33.2% of Italians.In spite of this, there is a paucity of cross-cultural research on vocational guidance for cultural minorities in Italy. This study aims to provide a better understanging about which psychological aspects influence vocational choices in foreign students. In particular, how culture, and a foundamental part of that such as meaning, affects scholastic choices. Moreover, perceived barriers, interests, motivations, attitudes toward school and cultural syndroms were explored.
10

BUFFOLI, ALESSANDRO. "PREADOLESCENTI ITALIANI E DI ORIGINE STRANIERA: SOMIGLIANZE E DIFFERENZE NELLA SCELTA SCOLASTICA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2462.

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Da alcuni anni a questa parte, la scuola italiana è chiamata sempre più ad affrontare l’accoglienza e la formazione di studenti stranieri. Per chi si occupa di orientamento la sfida è duplice. Da un lato si nota la tendenza a scegliere percorsi di studio più semplici e meno proiettati verso il prosieguo degli studi: il 40,4% degli studenti stranieri prediligere gli Istituti Professionali, contro il 19% degli italiani, e il 38,0% gli Istituti Tecnici, contro il 33,2% degli italiani. Nonstante ciò, vi è carenza di ricerche cross-culturali in merito all'orientamento con le minoranze culturali presenti in Italia. Questo studio ha l'obiettivo di fornire una migliore comprensione riguardo agli aspetti psiclogici che influenzano le scelte scolastiche tra gli studenti immigrati. In particolare, mira a comprendere come la cultura, ed una sua parte fondamentale quale è il significato attribuito alla realtà, moduli le scelte in materia di orientamento. Inoltre, sono state indagate le barriere percepite, gli interessi, la motivazione scolastica e gli atteggiamenti verso lo studio, oltre al ruolo svolto da specifiche sindromi culturali.
The Italian school system has been facing with the reception and the training of foreign studens for several years now. For those involved in vocational guidance, the challenge is twofold. On the one hand there is a tendency to choose courses of simplier study and less projected towards the continuation of their studies: 40.4% of students prefer the Professional Institutes, compared to 19% of Italians, and 38.0 % Technical Institutes, compared to 33.2% of Italians.In spite of this, there is a paucity of cross-cultural research on vocational guidance for cultural minorities in Italy. This study aims to provide a better understanging about which psychological aspects influence vocational choices in foreign students. In particular, how culture, and a foundamental part of that such as meaning, affects scholastic choices. Moreover, perceived barriers, interests, motivations, attitudes toward school and cultural syndroms were explored.
11

Cabré-Riera, Alba 1991. "Radiofequency electromagnetic fields exposure, sleep, and neurodevelopment in preadolescents and adolescents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670279.

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The use of mobile communication devices (e.g. mobile phones, tablets, and laptops) increased during the last few years, especially in preadolescents and adolescents. In order to function, mobile communication devices require a constant exchange of information achieved using radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Evidence is limited for potential effects of RF-EMF exposure to the brain and epidemiological studies that assessed RF-EMF exposure and its relationship with sleep and neurodevelopment are scarce. This thesis aimed to better understand the potential association between RF-EMF exposure and sleep, and RF-EMF exposure and neurodevelopment by: i) using a comprehensive RF-EMF exposure assessment (i.e. distinguish between sources with different patterns of RF-EMF exposure to the brain such as phone calls, screen activities, and environmental sources, ii) estimating the amount of RF-EMF the brain absorbs from each source and overall, ii) assessing sleep using objective measures collected with actigraphy, and iii) assessing neurodevelopment as cognitive function and brain volumes. The use of some mobile communication devices such as the tablet and problematic mobile phone use were associated with poorer sleep quality and less favourable objective sleep measures. Moreover, evening whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls was associated with less favourable objective sleep measures. Regarding neurodevelopment, overall whole-brain RF-EMF dose and whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls were not associated with brain volumes but whole-brain RF-EMF dose from screen activities was associated with smaller caudate volume. Finally, overall whole-brain RF-EMF dose and whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls was associated with non-verbal intelligence. Given that the biological mechanism behind the observed associations between RF-EMF exposure and sleep, and RF-EMF exposure and neurodevelopment is unknown, that we found small effects sizes, and that we could not entirely disentangle between minutes of use and RF-EMF dose, our results should be interpreted with caution. We cannot discard chance finding, reverse causality, or that other non-RF-EMF factors related to the use of mobile communication devices are behind the observed associations (e.g. blue light, addiction, mental arousal or sleep displacement).
El uso de dispositivos móviles de comunicación como los teléfonos móviles, tabletas y ordenadores portátiles ha aumentado en los últimos años, especialmente en preadolescentes y adolescentes. Los dispositivos móviles de comunicación utilizan los campos electromagnéticos de radiofrecuencia (CEM-RF) para el intercambio constante de información necesario para su funcionamiento. La evidencia científica de los efectos que tiene la exposición a CEM-RF al cerebro es limitada y los estudios epidemiológicos que evalúan la exposición de CEM-RF y su relación con el sueño y el neurodesarrollo son escasos. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo entender mejor las asociaciones entre la exposición a CEM-RF y el sueño y la exposición a CEM-RF y el neurodesarrollo: i) haciendo una evaluación completa de la exposición de CEM-RF al cerebro, es decir, distinguiendo entre fuentes de CEM-RF con diferentes patrones de exposición al cerebro como las llamadas telefónicas, el uso de aparatos móviles de comunicación para actividades con pantalla y las fuentes ambientales, ii) estimando la cantidad de CEM- RF que el cerebro absorbe de cada fuente y en total, iii) evaluando el sueño utilizando medidas objetivas recogidas con actigrafia y iv) evaluando el neurodesarrollo como función cognitiva y volúmenes cerebrales. El uso de algunos dispositivos móviles de comunicación como por ejemplo la tableta y el uso problemático del teléfono móvil están associados con peor calidad y medidas objetivas del sueño. Además, hemos observado una asociación entre la dosis de CEM-RF al cerebro proveniente de las llamadas telefónicas por la tarde y peores medidas objetivas del sueño. En cuanto al neurodesarrollo, la dosis total de CEM-RF al cerebro y la dosis de CEM-RF al cerebro proveniente de las llamadas telefónicas no están asociadas con los volúmenes cerebrales, en cambio, la dosis de CEM-RF al cerebro proveniente de usos de aparatos móviles de comunicación para actividades con pantalla está asociada con un volumen más pequeño del núcleo caudado. Finalmente, la dosis total de CEM-RF al cerebro y la dosis de CEM-RF al cerebro proveniente de las llamadas telefónicas están asociadas con peor inteligencia no verbal. Teniendo en cuenta que se desconoce el mecanismo biológico que hay detrás de las asociaciones observadas entre la exposición a CEM-RF y el sueño y la exposición a CEM-RF y el neurodesarrollo, que los efectos que hemos encontrado son pequeños y que no hemos podido separar completamente entre los minutos de uso y la dosis de CEM-RF, nuestros resultados deben interpretarse con precaución. No podemos descartar hallazgo casual, causalidad inversa o que otros factores relacionados con el uso de dispositivos móviles de comunicación estén detrás de las asociaciones observadas. Por ejemplo, exposición a la luz azul, adicción a los dispositivos móviles de comunicación, excitación mental o desplazamiento del sueño.
L’ús de dispositius mòbils de comunicació com els telèfons mòbils, tauletes i ordinadors portàtils ha augmentat els darrers anys, especialment en preadolescents i adolescents. Els dispositius mòbils de comunicació utilitzen els camps electromagnètics de radiofreqüència (CEM-RF) per l’intercanvi constant d’informació necessari pel seu funcionament. L’evidència científica dels efectes que té l’exposició de CEM-RF al cervell és limitada i els estudis epidemiològics que avaluaven l’exposició de CEM-RF i la seva relació amb el son i el neurodesenvolupament són escassos. Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu entendre millor les associacions entre l’exposició a CEM-RF i el son i l’exposició a CEM-RF i el neurodesenvolupament. Per fer-ho: i) hem fet una avaluació completa de l’exposició de CEM-RF al cervell, és a dir, distingint entre fonts de CEM-RF amb diferents patrons d’exposició al cervell com les trucades telefòniques, l’ús d’aparells mòbils de comunicació per activitats amb pantalla i les fonts ambientals, ii) hem estimat la quantitat de CEM-RF que el cervell absorbeix de cada font i en total, iii) hem avaluat el son utilitzant mesures objectives recollides amb actigrafia i iv) hem avaluat el neurodesenvolupament com a funció cognitiva i volums cerebrals. L’ús d’alguns dispositius mòbils de comunicació com per exemple la tauleta i l’ús problemàtic del telèfon mòbil estan associats amb pitjor qualitat i mesures objectives del son. A més a més, hem trobat una associació entre la dosi de CEM-RF al cervell provinent de les trucades telefòniques al vespre i pitjors mesures objectives del son. En relació amb el neurodesenvolupament, la dosi total de CEM-RF al cervell i la dosi de CEM-RF al cervell provinent de les trucades telefòniques no estan associades amb els volums cerebrals, en canvi, la dosi de CEM-RF al cervell provinent d’usos d’aparells mòbils de comunicaió per activitats amb pantalla està associada amb un volum més petit del nucli caudat. Finalment, la dosi total de CEM-RF al cervell i la dosi de CEM-RF al cervell provinent de les trucades telefòniques estan associades amb pitjor la intel·ligència no verbal. Tenint en compte que es desconeix el mecanisme biològic que hi ha darrere de les associacions observades entre l'exposició a CEM-RF i el son i l'exposició a CEM-RF i el neurodesenvolupament, que els efectes que hem trobat són petits i que no hem pogut separar completament entre els minuts d'ús dels dispositius mòbils de comunicació i la dosi de CEM-RF al cervell, els nostres resultats s’han d’interpretar amb precaució. No podem descartar que les troballes siguin casuals, causalitat inversa o que altres factors relacionats amb l’ús de dispositius mòbils de comunicació estiguin darrere de les associacions observades. Per exemple, exposició a la llum blava, addicció als aparells mòbils de comunicació, excitació mental o desplaçament del son.
12

Lorenzo, João Gonçalo. "Um olhar psicodinâmico sobre rapazes pré-adolescentes portugueses." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2309.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Com esta investigação propomo-nos a estudar pré-adolescentes diabéticos a partir de uma perspectiva psicodinâmica. A pré-adolescência é caracterizada pelas grandes transformações corporais resultantes do processo pubertário. Nesta fase, o corpo assume-se como representante simbólico por excelência, objecto de investimento narcísico fundamental ao sentimento de coesão identitária. O pré-adolescente terá que reelaborar estas transformações e reintegrá-las, de forma a que a continuidade narcísica seja mantida. A diabetes tipo 1 é uma doença crónica que ataca o corpo no seu funcionamento podendo colocar em risco o sentimento de continuidade narcísica, uma vez que o pré-adolescente terá de reintegrar as transformações resultantes do processo pubertário complementando-as com o sentimento (latente ou manifesto) de fragilidade corporal consequente da doença. Desta forma, a diabetes pode assumir-se como um “ataque” ao processo pubertário. O sentimento de continuidade narcísica dependerá em parte da representação que o jovem tem de si, por exemplo, através do sentimento de integridade corporal. Desta forma, utilizámos a prova Rorschach, que por excelência permite aceder à forma de como o sujeito se representa a si próprio e se organiza perante a realidade externa e interna. Através de um estudo comparativo entre 14 rapazes com e sem diabetes, constataram-se importantes diferenças a partir da análise dos protocolos. Os rapazes com diabetes apresentaram maiores manifestações de angústia e indícios que reenviam para sentimentos de maior fragilidade corporal. A diabetes parece ter impacto na vivência subjectiva destes rapazes e na forma de como se representam pelo que se torna importante investir em estudos nesta área. ------ ABSTRACT ------- The purpose of the present investigation is to study diabetic preadolescent young men, from a psychodynamic perspective. Preadolescence is defined by the body’s major changes, as a result of the pubertal process. At this stage, the body assumes the role of a symbolic surrogate, object of narcissistic investment, fundamental to the feeling of identity cohesion. The preadolescent will have to reformulate these changes and integrate them, so as the narcissistic continuity is maintained. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that attacks the functioning of the body, eventually setting at risk the feeling of a narcissistic continuity, since the pre-adolescent must integrate the changes that result from the pubertal process, complementing those with the feeling (latent or manifest) of bodily frailty as a consequence of the disease. In this way, diabetes may take the role of an “attack” to the pubertal process. The feeling of narcissistic continuity will partially depend of the representation that the young man has of himself, for example, through the feeling of body integrity. We then use the Rorschach test, which in its essence allow reaching the way that the subject represents and organizes himself before both internal and external realities. Through a comparative study between 14 young boys with and without diabetes, major differences were found from protocol analysis. Boys with diabetes showed greater manifestations of anguish and signs that imply feelings of greater bodily frailty. Diabetes seems to have an impact on these boys subjective experience, and in the way they represent themselves, which gives a greater importance to investing in studies in this area.
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Gallardo, Pizarro Francisca. "Arteterapia como apoyo en el fortalecimiento de la autoestima y autonomía : acompañamiento a un preadolescente con discapacidad auditiva." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115266.

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Postítulo de especialización en terapias de arte, mención areterapia
No autorizada por la autora para ser publicada a texto completo en tesis.uchile.cl
La siguiente monografía describe el estudio de caso realizado por cuatro meses durante el año 2012. En este periodo conocí a Santiago1 un preadolescente con discapacidad auditiva que asiste a una escuela pública con proyecto de integración, de un sector vulnerable de Chile. Para conocer la realidad de Santiago se desarrollarán diversos distintos puntos de vista acerca de ella. En el primer capítulo se presenta ciertos acercamientos de la etapa del desarrollo denominada preadolescencia, y cómo esta se vive en un contexto de vulnerabilidad. Por otra parte expondré sobre el concepto de discapacidad y cómo puede ser entendida desde una visión causa-efecto hacia un enfoque biopsicosocial. La intervención tuvo lugar en la escuela de Santiago, por ello expondré acerca de las necesidad especiales en el ámbito educativo, en la cual se podrá observar un conflicto entre lo denominado integración y por otra parte inclusión. El texto pretende dar cuenta de la necesidad de la inclusión, y que está debiese estar abierta a todos los y las estudiantes, ya que todos y todas de alguna manera, en su singularidad, tienen necesidades educativas especiales.
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Macedo, Lídia Suzana Rocha de. "Conversações sobre experiências envolvendo emoções no contexto familiar e o desenvolvimento de pré-adolescentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60713.

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De acordo com uma perspectiva sociocultural, é no contexto das conversações em que os pais relembram com a criança as suas experiências que esta aprende um modo de avaliar e de lidar com as experiências que envolvem emoções, e desenvolve uma compreensão de si mesma. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a influência da conversação familiar sobre experiências envolvendo emoções na maneira do pré-adolescente lidar com esse tipo de experiência. A amostra foi constituída por 189 famílias de classe média com um filho com idade de 10 a 13 anos. Foram realizados três estudos: o primeiro objetivou conhecer o espaço de conversação familiar e nele, o lugar das experiências envolvendo emoções; já o segundo e o terceiro estudos enfocaram a maneira do pré-adolescente lidar com experiências envolvendo emoções, cujo acesso se obteve por meio de narrativas ficcionais e de narrativas autobiográficas, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos pré-adolescentes costuma compartilhar suas experiências em casa com a família e que as emoções conduzem a esse tipo de conversação. Em comparação com os pré-adolescentes que não costumam conversar em casa sobre suas experiências, aqueles que têm esse costume desenvolveram mais as habilidades para lidar com situações que envolvem raiva, para selecionar experiências self-relevantes e as encaixar em uma linha de continuidade, e também apresentaram um maior conhecimento sobre o próprio self. Esses resultados indicam que a conversação familiar sobre experiências envolvendo emoções é um contexto que favorece o desenvolvimento de estratégias de regulação e da coerência na narrativa autobiográfica. Considerando que a narrativa autobiográfica reflete o grau de integração do self, pode-se dizer ainda que esse contexto forma uma base para o desenvolvimento da identidade que virá a seguir, na adolescência.
From a sociocultural perspective, it is through conversations in which parents reminisce their children‟s experiences that the latter learn how to evaluate and deal with their own emotional experiences and to better understand themselves. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of family conversations on emotions, with a focus on the way preadolescents deal with this type of experience. The sample comprised 189 middle-class families with one son or daughter aged 10 to 13 years. Three investigations were conducted: 1) the first one aimed to describe the context of conversational interaction and the place occupied by emotions within such conversations; the second and third studies focused on the way preadolescents deal with emotional experiences, based on the analysis of fictional and autobiographical narratives, respectively. The results showed that most preadolescents share their experiences with their families and that emotions usually lead to this type of conversation. A comparison between preadolescents who did not talk about their experiences at home and those who did showed that the latter were more able to develop abilities to deal with situations involving anger and to select self-relevant experiences and fit them into a line of continuity; also, preadolescents who shared their emotional experiences presented an improved knowledge of their own selves. These results suggest that family conversation about emotional experiences promote the development of emotions regulation strategies and improve the coherence of autobiographical narratives. Moreover, if we take into consideration that autobiographical narratives provide information on the level of integrated self, it is possible to infer that family conversations about emotional experiences form the basis for identity development in the subsequent adolescence years.
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Rosselli, de Aschner María Eugenia. "Relatos de adolescentes que han vivido la separación parental en la niñez/preadolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406065.

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La tesis titulada Relatos de adolescentes que han vivido la separación parental en la niñez/preadolescencia presenta los resultados del análisis de los relatos de historias de vida de seis jóvenes (13-16 años) bogotanos, colombianos, bien adaptados, que han vivido la separación parental en la niñez/preadolescencia (10-12 años) y el divorcio en la postseparación contrastados con los resultados de las investigaciones. Abordaje. Los relatos se analizan desde la perspectiva sistémica ultramoderna y de adaptación: factores de riesgo/protección. Método cualitativo. Análisis fenomenológico interpretativo IPA (Smith y Osborn, 2007) que facilita entender cómo los participantes dan significado a la separación parental, a través del análisis de las entrevistas desarrolladas a partir del modelo adaptado de historia de vida de McAdams (2008). Resultados. Se han definido cuatro macro-dimensiones: (I) el cambio es un organizador central de las historias y los capítulos se definen a partir de las transiciones personales, familiares y escolares; (II) la separación parental aparece espontáneamente en los relatos y como experiencia dolorosa; (III) el proceso de adaptación a la separación evoluciona en cuatro etapas, a saber, 1) calma/tensión (preseparación), 2) turbulencia/dolor (separación), 3) reajuste/soledad (inicio postseparación), 4) resurgimiento/proyectos (postseparación avanzada); (IV) y la elaboración del proceso duelo por la separación que sigue las fases tipificadas en los casos estudiados que incluye la aceptación de la nueva forma de vida familiar, convive con un sentimiento amortiguado no perturbador de dolor que se expresa al hablar de ello. Cabe destacar la recuperación de la seguridad emocional como resultado de la destriangulación del conflicto conyugal y de la recuperación de la relación con la madre y con los pares, así como el desarrollo de los proyectos personales y el alumbramiento de los sueños de futuro en la etapa resurgimiento/proyectos. Conclusiones. El relatar la historia de vida es una forma de reintegrarla y dar voz a la experiencia de la separación que había permanecido silenciada. La familia divorciada es un estilo válido de ser familia que permite la adaptación de los hijos, abre nuevas perspectivas relacionales y la posibilidad de ser felices, siempre y cuando los hijos puedan elaborar el duelo por la separación, se destriangulen del conflicto conyugal y cuenten con la presencia amorosa de cada uno de los padres o, en su defecto, de uno. A partir de los resultados se dan algunos guías para el desarrollo de un programa psicoeducativo para hijos de divorciados y sus padres.
The thesis titled Stories of adolescents who have experienced parental separation in childhood /preadolescence presents results of the analysis of life stories reported by six Colombian adolescents (13-16 years of age) who have experienced parental separation during childhood/preadolescence (10-11 years of age) and divorce during the post-separation period contrasted with the results derived from research. Approach: the stories are analyzed from an Ultramodern systemic and Adaptation: risk/protection factors perspectives. Qualitative method: Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) (Smith and Osborn, 2007) that facilitates an understanding of how participants give meaning to the experience of parental separation, throughout the analysis and interpretation of conversations based upon an adapted model of life story interviews developed by McAdams' (McAdams, 2008). Results: Four macro-dimensions are defined: (I) Change is a central organizer of life stories and chapters are defined upon personal, familiar and scholar transitions. (II) Parental separation appears spontaneously within narratives and is painfully experienced. (III) The process of adaptation to separation evolves in four stages: 1. Calm/tension (pre-separation) 2. Turbulence/pain (separation) 3. Readjustment/loneliness(post-separation) 4. Resurgence/projects (advanced post-separation). (Resurgence/projects stage). (IV) The mourning process of parental separation; runs a typified process in all cases that includes the acceptation of separation and the validation of the new family style. and at the meantime, when participants remember the parental separation, it still hurts when they talk about it. Is important to highlight the recovery of emotional stability as a result of the de-triangulation of marital conflict; reconstruction of a stable relationship with their mothers and the improvement of the quality of relationships with peers as well as the development of their personal projects and the dreams of their future at the stage of Resurgence/projects. Conclusions the telling of a life story is a way to reintegrate their life story and to give voice to the experience of separation that had been silenced. The divorced family is a valid style of being a family that allows children to adapt, opens up new relational perspectives and the possibility of being happy, as long as the children can elaborate the mourning of the parental separation, the marital conflict breaks out and they feel the loving presence of each parent, and in some cases only of one. From the results of this study some guidelines for the development of a psychoeducational program for children of divorcees and their parents are developed.
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Solazzi, Dominique. "Education a la sante des preadolescents : elements d'evaluation de la methode educative des scouts de france." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M378.

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Pereira, Joana Margarida. "Raparigas pré-adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo I - Um olhar psicodinâmico." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2308.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Nesta investigação propusemo-nos a estudar o papel que a Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 tem na pré-adolescência ao nível da representação de si e do outro, das relações. A pré-adolescência marca o início de uma fase do desenvolvimento importantíssima. Esta destaca-se pelas transformações internas e externas resultantes do processo pubertário, que tendem a ocorrer entre o 12 e os 14 anos. Particularmente o corpo assume um papel central nesta fase. A diabetes, enquanto doença crónica grave que põe em risco a integridade física e requer um conjunto de readaptações, constitui-se como potencial ataque ao processo pubertário, nomeadamente, ao segundo processo de separação e imagem corporal, à representação de si. Assim, neste estudo comparativo, como instrumento óptimo de acesso ao mundo interno do sujeito escolhemos a prova projectiva Rorschach, a qual permite a compreensão da forma como o sujeito se organiza face à realidade interna e externa. Desta forma, da análise de 15 protocolos Rorschach, foi-nos possível verificar a existência de importantes diferenças entre as raparigas pré-adolescentes com diabetes (9 protocolos) e sem diabetes (6 protocolos). Nesta amostra, nas raparigas com diabetes, destacaram-se, angústia mais elevada e maior dependência/necessidade do outro, bem como importantes fragilidades ao nível da representação de si e da imagem corporal. Portanto, a diabetes teve um importante impacto na vivência subjectiva das pré-adolescentes desta amostra, pelo que concluímos a necessidade de se investir em estudos que promovam uma melhor compreensão desta relação. ------- ABSTRACT ------- The goal of this research was to study the part that Type 1 diabetes mellitus has on preadolescence, at the level of representation, both self and of others, of relations, Preadolescence puts a mark on the beginning of a extremely important fase of development. This fase stands out by internal and external changes that come as a result of the pubertal process, that tend to occur between 12 and 14 years of age. Specifically, the body takes a central role at this stage. Diabetes, while serious chronic disease, that jeopardizes physical integrity and demands a set of readjustments, is a potential attack on the pubertal process, namely, the second process of separation and body image, the self representation. Thus, in this comparative study, as an excellent tool to reach the internal world of the subject we chose Rorschach, which allows the understanding of how the subject gets organized facing internal and external realities. In this way, the analysis of 15 Rorschach protocols allowed us to verify the existence of important differences between pre-adolescent girls with diabetes (9 protocols) and without diabetes (6 protocols). In this sample, on the groups of girls with diabetes stood out higher anguish and greater dependence/need for others, as well as important frailness at the level of the self representation and body image, this means diabetes had an important impact on the subjective experience of the pre-adolescent girls constituting this sample, which lead us to the conclusion that need exists to invest in studies that promote a greater understanding of this relation.
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Mackinaw-Koons, Barbara Kay. "Anxiety in Preadolescents and Adolescents and Its Relation to Sex Differences in Parental Overprotection." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392809874.

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Lawrence, Christine M. "Racial and maternal influences on preadolescent females eating attitudes and body image /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841315.

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Pereira, de Abreu Desirée. "Promoción de la salud en la infancia y adolescencia: afrontamiento del estrés y bienestar subjetivo en preadolescentes escolarizados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400668.

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This doctoral thesis aims to study the relationship between stressful everyday events, coping strategies for stress and subjective well-being in children and adolescents schooled in northeastern Brazil. The global sample is composed of 864 participants, who are students aged from 9 to 18 and enrolled in the 6th and 7th grades of 27 urban and rural schools, including both public and private, located in the state of Ceará. The administered questionnaires contained a Multidimensional Poverty Index; three Subjective Well-being Scales; eight Satisfaction Indexes for Life Domains; Core Scale Affects; Sense of Community Index; Inventory of Stressful Events; and Schoolagers’ Coping Strategies Inventory. The results of Study I reveal that a situation of greater social disadvantage is associated with a lower rate of subjective well-being, and that the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) is an important predictor of well-being among the studied population. The results of Study II indicate that students at public schools in urban contexts in northeastern Brazil are more exposed to everyday stress and score lower in sense of community, the latter being an important predictor of the studied population's well-being.The results of Study III identified girls as being most affected by everyday stressors, while their subjective well-being is explained by positive affects, which in turn is explained by negatively perceived stress
Aquesta tesi doctoral té l'objectiu d'estudiar les relacions entre els esdeveniments estressors quotidians, les estratègies d'afrontament a l'estrès i el benestar subjectiu en nens i adolescents escolaritzats al nord-est del Brasil. La mostra global es compón de 864 participants amb edats compromeses entre 9 i 18, d’ alumnes de 6è i 1º ESO d'escoles públiques i privades, urbanes i rurals, un total de 27 escoles ubicades a Ceará-Brasil. Els qüestionaris administrats contenien un índex de pobresa multidimensional, tres escales de benestar subjectiu, vuit índexs de satisfacció per àmbits de la vida, l’escala d'afectes nuclears, l’índex de sentit de comunitat, l’inventari d'esdeveniments estressors, i l’inventari d'estratègies d'afrontament per a escolars . Els resultats de l'Estudi I apunten que la situació de major desavantatge social s'associa a un menor índex de benestar subjectiu, i que l'índex de pobresa multidimensional és un predictor important del benestar de la població estudiada. Els resultats de l'estudi II indiquen que els alumnes de les escoles públiques en contextos urbans al nord-est del Brasil estan més exposats que els de contextos rurals, a l'estrès quotidià y puntuen més baix el sentit de comunitat, sent aquest últim un important predictor del benestar de la població estudiada. Els resultats de l'estudi III identifiquen les noies com més afectades per l'estrès quotidià, sent el seu benestar subjectiu explicat pels afectes positius, que al seu torn és explicat negativament per l'estrès percebut
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Rosewall, Juliet Mary. "Prevalence, Correlates and Moderators of Eating Pathology in New Zealand Women, Adolescent and Preadolescent Girls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2223.

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Despite the fact that eating disorders (EDs) and their subclinical variants are important health concerns, very little research has examined eating pathology and body image, including the factors that may contribute to their development, in New Zealand. Based on the Sociocultural Model of Eating Pathology, this thesis comprises four studies that aimed to identify the factors that may interact with different parts of this model to predict eating pathology. As part of each study, the cross-cultural validity of the assessment measures used was also examined. Across all four studies, the prevalence rates of eating pathology and associated pathology were comparable to overseas estimates. Participants for Study One were 243 adolescent girls recruited from secondary school in Christchurch, New Zealand. Participants completed questionnaires assessing eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, perfectionism, self-esteem, teasing and perceived sociocultural pressure. Regression analyses demonstrated that body dissatisfaction, socially prescribed (SP) perfectionism and negative affect uniquely predicted eating pathology in the adolescent sample. Moderator analyses indicated that high levels of SP and self-oriented (SO) perfectionism, negative affect, perceived pressure from others and the media, and low levels of self-esteem all increased the effect of body dissatisfaction on eating pathology among adolescents. Study Two examined the same risk factors among 170 preadolescent girls from primary schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, and found that body dissatisfaction, SP perfectionism and teasing independently predicted eating pathology. High levels of SO and SP perfectionism, perceived media pressure and low levels of self-esteem strengthened the body dissatisfaction-eating pathology relation. The goal of Study Three was to test the factors that serve to amplify the risk of internalising societal standards of thinness among 202 university women recruited from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. The participants completed questionnaires measuring perfectionism, sociocultural pressure to be thin, anorectic cognitions and anti-fat attitudes. Results indicated that social pressure and information about appearance standards independently predicted thin ideal internalization but no statistically significant moderators were found. Finally, taking another approach to studying women at high or low risk for eating problems, Study Four sought to examine and describe the characteristics of women with a high body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) who were not dissatisfied with their bodies and also women who were dissatisfied with their bodies but were not engaging in pathological eating behaviour. Participants were 166 university women recruited from the University of Canterbury who completed the Personality Assessment Inventory (1991) and questionnaires relating to body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. Both of the above-mentioned groups were characterised by lower overall distress, such as lower levels of anxiety, depression and borderline features. Overall, this research suggests that disordered eating and body image concerns occur among New Zealand women, adolescent and preadolescent girls at rates similar to Europe and North America. There was reasonable support for the validity of many of the assessment measures used. The research also highlights some factors that may influence the development of eating pathology among these populations and provides possible leads for future longitudinal research and, ultimately, prevention efforts.
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Packman, Jill. "Group activity therapy with learning disabled preadolescents exhibiting behavior problems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3326/.

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This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of group activity therapy as a school based intervention with fourth and fifth grade preadolescents with learning disabilities experiencing behavior problems. The group activity therapy intervention followed humanistic principles and was designed to address the cognitive and social emotional needs of this population. The preadolescents were provided a variety of developmental appropriate materials and activities to encourage self expression and group interaction. The 24 volunteer preadolescents were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=12) and to the control group (n=12). The treatment group preadolescents were divided into groups of three and participated in group activity therapy one hour per week for 12 weeks. The participants were assigned to groups according to individual needs and personality traits. The control group received no treatment during the study. Pre and post test data were collected from parents using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC) and the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children (BASC). Analysis of Covariate (ANCOVA) was utilized to determine statistical significance between the treatment group and the control group on the post-test means for each hypothesis. In each case, the post-test specified in each hypothesis was used as the dependent variable and the pre-test as the covariate. Specifically, the preadolescents in the treatment group showed statistically significant decreases in total behavior problems on the BASC (p=.05) and decreases in internalizing problems on both the BASC and CBC (p=.03, p=.05, respectively). While not statistically significant, positive trends were noted on the CBC total behavior scale (p=.08) and on the CBC externalizing scale (p=.09). In addition, Cohen's d effect size was calculated for each hypothesis and post hoc analysis of the subscales to determine practical significance of the treatment on the experimental group when compared to the control group. A large treatment effect size was found on the BASC (d=.91) and CBC (d=.82) total behavior problems scales and on the BASC (d=1.03) and CBC (d=.90) internalizing problems scales. A moderate to large treatment effect size (d=.78) was found on the CBC externalizing problems scale and a medium treatment effect size (d=.53) was found on the BASC externalizing problems scale. Qualitative data was also examined to determine clinical significance of the intervention. This study determined that group activity therapy is an effective intervention for preadolescents diagnosed with a learning disability.
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Capano, Bosch Alvaro, Tornaría María del Luján González, and Natalie Massonnier. "Parental relational styles: A study with adolescents and their parents." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99860.

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Perceptions of parenting styles by parents and their 12-year-old preadolescents are studied One hundred seven parents and their adolescents enrolled in the first year of secondary education in one of four Catholic schools in Montevideo completed Affection, Rules and Requirements questionnaires. There were significant differences in parent perception in the critical / rejection and inductive factor subscale, depending on the gender of the adolescent. Preadolescent perceptions exhibit significant differences in indulgent and affection scales for father, and in affection, indulgent and inductive scales for mothers. Parents with a primary school education level appear significantly more inductive than those who were areuniversity graduates.
Se estudiaron los estilos parentales según la percepción de padres, madres y sus hijos e hijas de 12 años. Se aplicaron las escalas de Afecto y de Normas y Exigencias a 107 padres y madres y 107 hijos e hijas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de padres y madres, en el factor Crítica/Rechazo y en la subescala Inductiva, según el sexo de los hijos que respondieron. Las percepciones de hijos e hijas arrojaron diferencias significativas para los padres, en las escalas Afecto e Indulgente y para las madres en las escalas Afecto, Indulgente e Inductiva. Los padres con nivel de enseñanza primaria aparecieron significativamente más inductivos que quienes tuvieron estudios universitarios.
No artigo são estudadas as percepções dos pais, mais e seus filhos e filhas menores de 12 anos, sobre os estilos parentais em suas famílias. Foram aplicadas as escalas de Afeto, Normas e Exigências a 107 pais e mais e 107 adolescentes. Os resultados mostram diferenças significativas nas percepções sobre os pais e mais nas dimensões de crítica/rejeição e indutiva, dependendo se os respondentes são homens ou mulheres. As percepções de filhos e filhas sobre os pais mostraram diferenças significativas nas escalas de afeto e indulgente e as percepções de filhos e filhas sobre as mais mostraram diferenças nas escalas de afeto, indulgente e indutiva. Os pais com nível de educação primaria apareceram como mais indutivos que os pais que estudaram na universidade.
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Almofadda, Omar A. "Age and sex differences in spontaneous self-concept in Saudi Arabia : \"preadolescents, adolescents and youth adults\" /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825075993.

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Beltramo, Ilaria. "Oltre il conflitto. Le rappresentazioni delle relazioni conflittuali tra pari nella preadolescenza e nell’adolescenza." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/142761.

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All'interno della letteratura scientifica si possono trovare numerose definizioni di conflittualità a seconda della prospettiva disciplinare adottata. Secondo una prospettiva microsociologica, per esempio, il conflitto può essere inteso come un fenomeno relazionale in cui due o più persone, ma anche due o più piccoli gruppi, si trovano in una situazione di attiva contrapposizione in quanto idee, obiettivi, valori, strategie di azione propri di ciascun soggetto o gruppo non sono accettati o riconosciuti dall'altra componente (Arielli & Scotto, 2003). In tale accezione, il conflitto si configura come uno strumento dalla valenza positiva, utile per mettere in discussione l'assetto dei rapporti o il possesso delle risorse quando questi sono percepiti come insoddisfacenti da almeno una delle due parti. Si desume così che la conflittualità si caratterizzi anche per una valenza positiva, ossia come opportunità di apprendimento e di mutamento sociale, e che tale valenza necessiti di essere messa in evidenza (Simmel, 2001). Attraverso una visione più positiva del conflitto è possibile educare al trattamento e alla gestione delle dinamiche conflittuali in quanto occasioni di confronto costruttivo con i propri interlocutori. In tal senso, imparare a conoscere il conflitto per poterlo trattare e gestire positivamente significa imparare a so stare in esso, ossia a viverlo con il ruolo di attori protagonisti (Novara, 2011). Dato che la conflittualità è presente in tutti i campi della vita degli individui e dei gruppi, in quanto è un elemento strutturale delle relazioni umane, è importante tenere a mente come la sua percezione, interpretazione e gestione derivi da quanto osserviamo e viviamo nella nostra quotidianità (Wallace & Wolf, 2008). A tale proposito, Bandura (1961) ci ricorda come siano tre gli elementi che interagiscono in modo reciproco nei processi cognitivi e sociali di apprendimento: i fattori personali cognitivi, l'ambiente e il comportamento. Ciò significa che imparare a conoscere e a gestire le situazioni conflittuali è sempre collegato alle caratteristiche dei contesti in cui gli individui vivono le proprie esistenze. Il punto di avvio di questa ricerca è costituito dall'assunzione del concetto di conflitto inteso come fenomeno relazionale, facente parte della vita di ogni individuo, frutto delle interazioni che si sviluppano nella vita quotidiana e in tale accezione può essere analizzato adottando un approccio di tipo processuale. L'obiettivo del lavoro di ricerca è quello di esplorare le rappresentazioni del conflitto tra pari e le strategie che gli adolescenti, siano essi maschi o femmine, adottano per fronteggiarlo e gestirlo. A tal fine si è inteso adottare una concezione dei preadolescenti e degli adolescenti come attori sociali competenti, dotati di capacità sociali, culturali e valoriali che vengono continuamente apprese, rielaborate e riprodotte nelle interazioni con i propri coetanei e negli ambienti sociali in cui sono inseriti.
26

Pope, William R. "Designing a program for parents to teach a Christian interpretation of adolescent sexuality to preadolescent children." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Fernandes, Maria de Jesus Silva. "Organização social de pré-adolescentes em contexto escolar." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/510.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Etologia
Nas últimas décadas a investigação tem enfatizado a importância da relação de pares na socialização das crianças e adolescentes. Os anos de escolaridade representam uma mudança drástica, para muitas crianças no mundo ocidental, com a integração num novo meio social, podendo os pares exercer uma enorme influência nesse processo. A participação em grupos sociais estáveis emerge na média infância, com formação de polidíades ou 'cliques' voluntárias e baseadas em grupos de amigos, particularmente importantes na escola. Os grupos de pares e a diversidade de relações afiliativas que se desenvolvem no seu seio contribuem para o bem estar emocional e cognitivo da criança, desempenhando um papel importante, enquanto agentes de socialização, na adopção de comportamentos prosociais e de atitudes e valores fundamentais para o seu desempenho e adaptação social. A investigação sobre organização social de grupos de pares tem estado tradicionalmente centrada nas diferenças individuais de estatuto social. Porém, nos últimos anos, surgiu uma nova metodologia de abordagem que, baseando-se no impacto dos factores situacionais e dos constrangimentos sociais, sustenta que os diversos papéis sociais adoptados pelos indivíduos, num determinado contexto, são em larga medida determinados pela actividade e pela composição do grupo, assumindo que o indivíduo possui uma certa plasticidade no plano comportamental que lhe permite adaptar-se a diferentes contextos sociais. A reputação social deverá, nesta perspectiva, ser examinada em função do contexto social e dos valores culturais praticados tanto pela instituição escolar como pelo grupo de pares. Este trabalho procura constituir um contributo para a compreensão dos fenómenos da organização afiliativa de pré-adolescentes em contexto escolar, procurando pesquisar a natureza e características das estruturas afiliativas que se desenvolvem no seio de um grupo de pré-adolescentes na sala de aula, assim como, possíveis relações entre a reputação social e pertença ao grupo afiliativo. A investigação abrangeu os alunos do 5o e 6o ano de escolaridade da escola básica e secundária (EB/S) de uma pequena vila, da costa atlântica portuguesa, no concelho de Alcobaça.
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Boscolo, Valentina. "Caratteristiche del funzionamento cognitivo e psicologico di soggetti preadolescenti e adolescenti con infezione da HIV-1 da trasmissione verticale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426215.

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Background. New diagnoses of HIV infection in children, were accounted every year. In 2015, the new diagnoses in adolescents (15 to 17 years) were the 1.8% of all new diagnoses. The main cause of infection is vertical transmission, and in the 75% of cases occurs in individuals of foreign origin (ISS, 2016). The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, has passed the HIV infection from a life-threatening condition to a chronic disease. More and more children and adolescents became adults. The research may help to clarify important developmental aspects as cognitive and psychological functioning. Neurocognitive impairments (Nachman et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2012), behavioral and emotional problems, are described in a higher measure than the general population or other high-risk groups (Gadow et al., 2012; Mellins & Malee, 2013). The main objective of the study is to describe the cognitive and psychological characteristics of HIV-1 infected preadolescents and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy. The specific objectives concern the deepening of the relationship with the social and family variables and medical variables. A cross-sectional study, compared also the psychosocial characteristics of adolescents HIV-infected with a group of adolescents treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods. It have been assessed HIV-infected preadolescents and adolescents and their parents/caregivers. Each participant has been administered with the “Visualization and Reasoning Scale” of Leiter-R and with the Achenbach Youth Self Report Questionnaire. To each parents/caregivers has been asked to complete the Achenbach CBCL Questionnaire. Social, family and clinical data have been collected. Data have been analyzed using STATA (version 12.0) software. Results. Thirty patients were recruited. The subjects (mean age 14.4 years) are in 60.7% of cases of foreign origin and in 35.7% living in adoptive/foster families. All attending school and in 28.5% of cases they have repeated at least one school year. They are on antiretroviral therapy for a mean of 11.4 years. The 22.2% are in category C of the CDC Classification, the viral load is suppressed in 85.7% of cases and the mean of CD4/mm cells count in the sample is 696, 35. A significant proportion of patients (42.86%), have a score to cognitive assessment that ranks in the lower norm. The scores at the YSR and CBCL, do not exceeded the clinical cut-off (borderline T score > 60 Clinical T score > 64) for all symptomatic and syndromic scales. The Activities Scale score on YSR (M 36.74), approaches the subclinical range (borderline T 31-35 clinical T score <31). Subclinical and clinical scores have been also recorded in the Internalizing Disorders Scale of CBCL (17.65% borderline - 35.29% clinical). The patients and parents/caregivers report a significant impairment in Activities (borderline and clinical scores in 48,05%) and Total Competence (68.9% patients - 50% parents/caregivers). Social Competence and Activities scores are significantly (p 0.01 p 0.01) lower in HIV-infected patients than in adolescents HSCT survivors. Conclusion. The preadolescents and adolescents HIV infected, shows vulnerability on cognitive functioning level and psychosocial impairment, described by internalizing symptoms and by poor social engage compared with the healthy peers but also compared with a group of adolescents with chronic disease.
Premessa. Ogni anno in Italia si registrano nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV in età pediatrica. Nel 2015 le nuove diagnosi negli adolescenti (15-17 anni) hanno rappresentato il 1,8% di tutte le nuove diagnosi. La causa principale di infezione è la trasmissione verticale e nel 75% dei casi riguarda soggetti di origine straniera (ISS, 2016). L’introduzione della terapia antiretrovirale di combinazione ha transitato l’infezione da HIV dall’essere una patologia di rischio per la sopravvivenza ad una patologia di tipo cronico. Sempre più bambini e adolescenti possono accedere all’età adulta. La ricerca può quindi aiutare a chiarire aspetti importanti dello sviluppo come il funzionamento cognitivo e psicologico. Prestazioni inferiori alla norma nei test neurocognitivi (Nachman et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2012), problemi comportamentali ed emotivi sono rilevati in misura superiore rispetto alla popolazione generale o ad altri gruppi ad alto rischio (Gadow et al., 2012 Mellins & Malee, 2013). Obiettivo principale dello studio è quello di descrivere le caratteristiche cognitive e psicologiche di preadolescenti e adolescenti HIV-1 positivi in terapia antiretrovirale. Obiettivi specifici riguardano l’approfondimento della relazione con le variabili sociofamiliari e con le variabili mediche. È stato inoltre effettuato il confronto trasversale delle caratteristiche psicosociali con un gruppo di adolescenti sopravvissuti a trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche (HSCT). Metodi. Sono stati testati i soggetti pediatrici preadolescenti e adolescenti e i loro genitori/caregivers. Ai partecipanti è stata somministrata la Scala Visualizzazione e Ragionamento della Leiter International Performance Scale - Revised ed è stato richiesto di completare il questionario di Achenbach (Youth Self Report - YSR). Ai genitori/caregivers è stato richiesto di completare il questionario di Achenbach (Children Behaviour Checklist - CBCL). Sono stati raccolti dati socio-anagrafici e familiari e, dalle cartelle cliniche, i dati relativi allo stato infettivo. I dati sono stati elaborati con il programma STATA versione 12.0. Risultati. Trenta soggetti sono stati arruolati. I soggetti (età media 14 anni e 4 mesi) sono nel 60,7% dei casi di origine straniera e il 35,7% vive in famiglie affidatarie o adottive. Tutti frequentano la scuola e il 28,5% ha ripetuto almeno un anno scolastico. Assumono terapia antiretrovirale in media da 11,4 anni, il 22,2% rientra nella categoria C della classificazione CDC, la carica virale risulta soppressa nel 85,7% dei casi e in media la conta delle cellule CD4 /mm è di 696,35. Una parte significativa di soggetti (42,86%) presenta un punteggio alla valutazione cognitiva che si colloca nella norma inferiore. La media dei punteggi allo YSR e alla CBCL non raggiunge il cut-off per la diagnosi psichiatrica (subclinico T score > 60 clinico T score > 64) e si colloca nella norma in tutte le scale sintomatiche e sindromiche. Allo YSR il punteggio medio (M 36,74) nella scala delle Attività si avvicina al range subclinico (subclinico T score 31-35 clinico T < 31). Punteggi subclinici e clinici si rilevano alla CBCL nella Scala dei Disturbi Internalizzanti (17.65% subclinico - 35.29% clinico). Emerge concordanza tra genitori e pazienti rispetto alla compromissione significativa nelle Attività (punteggi subclinici e clinici nel 48,05%) e nelle Competenze Totali (68.9% pazienti - 50% genitori/caregivers). I punteggi nelle Attività e nelle Competenze Sociali sono significativamente (p 0.01 e p 0.01) più bassi nei soggetti HIV positivi rispetto agli adolescenti sopravvissuti al trapianto di cellule staminali emopoietiche (HSCT). Conclusioni. I soggetti preadolescenti e adolescenti con infezione da HIV presentano una vulnerabilità sul piano cognitivo e disturbi psicologici di tipo internalizzante in misura superiore. alla norma. Presentano inoltre una compromissione significativa delle attività e delle relazioni sociali rispetto alla popolazione generale e nel nel confronto con un altro gruppo di soggetti con patologia cronica.
29

Aubert, Joëlle. "Représentations sociales et comportements en gymnastique d'élèves de collèges." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10094.

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Parvenir a ce que chacun des eleves d'une classe accede aux acquisitions visees a cet age dans un domaine d'apprentissage, tel est le defi pose a tout enseignant. La recherche presentee ici, a pour enjeu de comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les eleves n'adherent pas systematiquement aux apprentissages gymniques programmes en education physique et sportive. Elle vise : - a identifier les relations entre les representations sociales de la gymnastique chez les eleves et leurs comportements adoptes en reponse a une tache gymnique, - a reperer l'influence du contexte social et d'enseignement sur ces representations, - a comprendre les effets des taches gymniques choisies par les enseignants sur l'evolution des representations des eleves. Les donnees sont recueillies aupres de 106 eleves de 4eme, a partir de tests d'associations de mots, de classements de termes, de tris de photographies et d'enregistrement video des comportements des eleves en situation de renversement a l'appui manuel, avec ou sans deplacement. Les resultats montrent qu'il est possible d'etablir certaines correlations entre les composantes de representations de la gymnastique qu'ont les eleves et leurs comportements manifestes en reponse aux taches gymniques. Il a ete egalement possible de conclure que selon l'attitude des eleves face au travail scolaire et selon leur pratique sportive extra-scolaire, les eleves ont des representations differentes de la gymnastique. Enfin, l'etude a pu verifier que selon les situations gymniques proposees par l'enseignant, les representations sont plus ou moins activees. Mots clefs : education physique et sportive, representations sociales, gymnastique, comportement.
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Cone, Jason C. Golden Jeannie. "The effectiveness of a group intervention to improve coping skills for emotion regulation in preadolescent and adolescent males with attachment difficulties." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/1898.

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Thesis (M.A.)--East Carolina University, 2009.
Presented to the faculty of the Department of Psychology. Advisor: Jeannie Golden. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 3, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
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Ribeiro, Rafael Andrade. "Fissura labiopalatina: rela??es entre temperamento e coping de pr?-adolescentes e risco psicossocial familiar." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1056.

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Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T17:31:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL ANDRADE RIBEIRO.pdf: 7064933 bytes, checksum: 20665417b336a29ce496816e9571ae9a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T17:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL ANDRADE RIBEIRO.pdf: 7064933 bytes, checksum: 20665417b336a29ce496816e9571ae9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20
Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas - PUC - Campinas
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
The cleft lip and palate is a problem that requires medical care from birth until the end of adolescence, causing several stressful situations for the child and his family. This study analyzed the psychological processes involved in coping with adverse conditions related to the malformation and the treatment of cleft lip and palate, including temperament of preadolescents, stress of caregivers and family psychosocial risk. 22 dyads, composed of preadolescents with an average age of 11 years in specialized treatment and their caregivers, participated in the research. The following data were collected with their respective instruments: a) descriptive data of the sample, stress and coping of caregiver through the Characterization Form; b) family psychosocial risk through Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 2.0); c) temperament of preadolescents through Early Adolescence Temperament Questionnaire ? Revised (EATQ-R); d) coping of preadolescents by Responses to Stress Questionnaire ? Cleft Lip and Palate (RSQ-CLP), adapted for this study. The most stressful situation pointed out by young people was having to wear orthodontic braces. They exhibited an average stress level (M = 19.27). The coping involving recognition of social support by the preadolescents was the most reported by the sample and the most expressive coping strategy for the group of preadolescents was Acceptance. The Secondary Control Coping was the most frequent. The families presented an average psychosocial risk (M = 1.19). Half of the caregivers reported not experiencing stressful situations related to the treatment, in data collection. Significant relationships were identified between the presence of self-perceived stress of the caregivers with a higher level of stress and aggressiveness of the preadolescents. The domain Affiliation temperament was the most frequent for the sample, being significantly higher for the boys. The extended treatment with various invasive procedures on the face region tends to stimulate the need for preadolescents to be associated with people who offer emotional support and assist them in solving problems resulting from deformity and / or treatment, such as parents and health professionals. These results indicate the necessity to offer an integrated and multiprofessional assistance to this population, including actions that minimize the harmful effects of the psychosocial risk factors experienced by the most vulnerable families.
A fissura labiopalatina ? um problema que exige cuidados m?dicos desde o nascimento at? o final da adolesc?ncia, acarretando v?rias situa??es estressantes para o portador e sua fam?lia. Este estudo analisou os processos psicol?gicos envolvidos no enfrentamento (coping) de situa??es adversas relacionadas ? doen?a e ao tratamento da fissura labiopalatina, incluindo o temperamento de pr?-adolescentes, estresse dos cuidadores e risco psicossocial familiar. Participaram 22 d?ades, compostas por pr?-adolescentes, com idade m?dia de 11 anos, e seus cuidadores, em tratamento especializado. Foram coletados os seguintes dados, com seus respectivos instrumentos: a) dados descritivos da amostra, estresse e coping dos cuidadores, pela Ficha de Caracteriza??o; b) risco psicossocial familiar, pelo Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 2.0); c) temperamento dos pr?-adolescentes, pelo Early Adolescence Temperament Questionnaire ? Revised (EATQ-R); d) coping dos pr?-adolescentes, pelo Responses to Stress Questionnaire ? Cleft Lip and Palate (RSQ-CLP), adaptado para este estudo. A situa??o mais estressora pontuada pelos pr?-adolescentes foi ter de usar aparelho ortod?ntico. Eles apresentaram um n?vel de estresse m?dio (M = 19,27). O comportamento de coping que envolve reconhecimento de suporte social pelos pr?-adolescentes foi o mais relatado pela amostra e a estrat?gia de enfrentamento mais expressiva foi a Aceita??o. O Coping de Controle Secund?rio foi o mais frequente. As fam?lias apresentaram risco psicossocial m?dio (M = 1,19). Metade dos cuidadores referiu n?o vivenciar situa??o estressora relacionada ao tratamento, na coleta de dados. Foram identificadas rela??es significativas entre a presen?a de estresse autopercebido dos cuidadores com um maior n?vel de estresse e agressividade dos pr?-adolescentes. O dom?nio de temperamento Afilia??o foi o mais frequente para a amostra, sendo significativamente mais alto para os meninos. O tratamento longo e com diversos procedimentos invasivos na regi?o da face tende a estimular a necessidade de vincula??o dos pr?-adolescentes junto a pessoas que oferecem suporte emocional e que os ajude na resolu??o de problemas consequentes da deformidade e/ou do tratamento, como pais e profissionais da sa?de. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de oferta de uma assist?ncia integrada e multiprofissional a essa popula??o, que incluam a??es que minimizem os efeitos danosos dos fatores de risco psicossocial vivenciados pelas fam?lias mais vulner?veis.
32

Jiménez, Morales Mònika. "De l'estereotip adult a la realitat preadolescent. Influència del discurs audiovisual publicitari en els transtorns del comportament alimentari en nens i nenes de 8 a 12 anys." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7521.

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Tesi doctoral que determina, a partir d'estudis quantitatius i qualitatius, quin és el procés a través del qual els nens i nenes en etapa preadolescent (9-12 anys) interioritzen valors i esterotips adults difosos a través de la publicitat convencional i no convencional i la possible incidència d'aquest procés en futurs trastorns del comportament alimentari.
L'estudi aprofundeix en la interrelació entre aquesta interpretació preadolescent d'aquests estereotips publicitaris i l'aparició d'indicis d'una simptomatologia pròpia dels trastorns del comportament alimentari relacionada amb l'intent infantil de començar a adequar-se a uns determinats cànons estètics habituals en la publicitat adreçada a un públic objectiu adult. La present recerca analitza de forma comparativa la publicitat adreçada al públic objectiu adult i la que es dirigeix a un públic infantil, tot parant especial atenció a les similituds i a les divergències de les fórmules persuasives utilitzades, als hàbits difosos a través dels espots estudiats i a la generació d'estereotips físics, psíquics, socials i culturals.
Doctoral thesis that determines the process through preadolescents addopt values and stereotypes created and diffused by means of conventional and non-conventional advertising. Secondly, the research analizes the possible incidence of this process on future adolescent Eating Disorders. The study deepens on the relation between this preadolescent interpretation of the advertising stereotypes, and the apparition of signs of a symptom characteristic of Eating which use to appear on adult advertising. The research establishes, from a comparative point of view, the advertising strategies used for an adult target and the creative discourse addressed to children, paying special attention to resemblances and divergencies on the persuasive structures used on the advertising strategies, the behaviour habits diffused through the spots, and the generation of phisical, psychic, social and cultural stereotypes.
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Sancho, Lucmort Carolina. "Estudio longitudinal de una muestra de estudiantes catalanes con conductas a riesgo de tca (trastornos de la conducta alimentaria)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8967.

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OBJETIVOS: El objetivo general de la tesis fue el de obtener información sobre la prevalencia, persistencia, incidencia y factores de riesgo de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) al inicio de la adolescencia de la población escolar de la ciudad de Tarragona.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación epidemiológica longitudinal en dos etapas. En la primera etapa (curso escolar 2002-03) se avaluó una muestra inicial de 1.336 escolares (649 chicos y 687 chicas; edad media: 11,37 anys) con un diseño en doble fase. Se seleccionaron por medio de un test de cribado (ChEAT) 258 alumnos, que fueron estudiados de manera individual (141 como grupo de riesgo y 117 como controles) (fase de T1) y que fueron seguidos a los dos años (T2; n = 200) (113 sujetos del grupo de riesgo y 87 del grupo control). Se les hizo una entrevista psiquiátrica estructurada según criterios DSM-IV (Entrevista Diagnóstica para Niños y Adolescentes- EDNA), para obtener los diagnósticos de TCA en las dos etapas (EDNA-Niños y EDNA-Adolescentes). También se obtuvieron datos antropométricos, de conducta alimentaria, de psicopatología, de desarrollo puberal, de influencias socioculturales, de temperamento y personalidad y de satisfacción corporal.RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: En primer lugar se presentan resultados sobre las características psicométricas de la versión catalana y adaptada del ChEAT, realizada experimentalmente para este estudio (Sancho et al, 2005). Un 12.94% de los escolares en la primera fase puntuaron igual o por encima del punto de corte del ChEAT. La prevalencia estimada de diagnósticos de TCA fue de 3, 44% en el T1 y de 3, 81% en el T2. Los diagnósticos denominados parciales (que no cumplen todos los criterios de severidad para ser considerados anorexia o bulimia nerviosas) -TCANE y subclínicos- son los diagnósticos más frecuentes. Sólo se halló un caso de bulimia en el T2. Un 52,17% de los participantes persistió con cualquier TCA a lo largo de los 2 años. Las diferencias de sexo fueron significativas en el T2, en el cual las chicas mostraron una mayor incidencia y persistencia que los chicos. Los escolares que tenían un IMC más alto fueron los que presentaban una mayor persistencia de diagnósticos (Sancho et al. 2007). Los escolares con diagnósticos parciales tenían características de personalidad y de temperamento de riesgo, comparables a las halladas en la población clínica con TCA. Las mujeres (43%) mostraron una mayor estabilidad en la insatisfacción corporal frente a los varones (25.8%). El sobrepeso en la preadolescencia está relacionado con la insatisfacción corporal en los varones y en las mujeres. La insatisfacción previa fue un predictor de insatisfacción corporal en ambos sexos, pero hallamos otros factores de riesgo diferentes como sería la pubertad tardía en los varones y el hecho de estar en sobrepeso en la preadolescencia en las mujeres.OBJETIVOS: El objetivo general de la tesis fue el de obtener información sobre la prevalencia, persistencia, incidencia y factores de riesgo de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) al inicio de la adolescencia de la población escolar de la ciudad de Tarragona.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación epidemiológica longitudinal en dos etapas. En la primera etapa (curso escolar 2002-03) se avaluó una muestra inicial de 1.336 escolares (649 chicos y 687 chicas; edad media: 11,37 anys) con un diseño en doble fase. Se seleccionaron por medio de un test de cribado (ChEAT) 258 alumnos, que fueron estudiados de manera individual (141 como grupo de riesgo y 117 como controles) (fase de T1) y que fueron seguidos a los dos años (T2; n = 200) (113 sujetos del grupo de riesgo y 87 del grupo control). Se les hizo una entrevista psiquiátrica estructurada según criterios DSM-IV (Entrevista Diagnóstica para Niños y Adolescentes- EDNA), para obtener los diagnósticos de TCA en las dos etapas (EDNA-Niños y EDNA-Adolescentes). También se obtuvieron datos antropométricos, de conducta alimentaria, de psicopatología, de desarrollo puberal, de influencias socioculturales, de temperamento y personalidad y de satisfacción corporal.RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: En primer lugar se presentan resultados sobre las características psicométricas de la versión catalana y adaptada del ChEAT, realizada experimentalmente para este estudio (Sancho et al, 2005). Un 12.94% de los escolares en la primera fase puntuaron igual o por encima del punto de corte del ChEAT. La prevalencia estimada de diagnósticos de TCA fue de 3, 44% en el T1 y de 3, 81% en el T2. Los diagnósticos denominados parciales (que no cumplen todos los criterios de severidad para ser considerados anorexia o bulimia nerviosas) -TCANE y subclínicos- son los diagnósticos más frecuentes. Sólo se halló un caso de bulimia en el T2. Un 52,17% de los participantes persistió con cualquier TCA a lo largo de los 2 años. Las diferencias de sexo fueron significativas en el T2, en el cual las chicas mostraron una mayor incidencia y persistencia que los chicos. Los escolares que tenían un IMC más alto fueron los que presentaban una mayor persistencia de diagnósticos (Sancho et al. 2007). Los escolares con diagnósticos parciales tenían características de personalidad y de temperamento de riesgo, comparables a las halladas en la población clínica con TCA. Las mujeres (43%) mostraron una mayor estabilidad en la insatisfacción corporal frente a los varones (25.8%). El sobrepeso en la preadolescencia está relacionado con la insatisfacción corporal en los varones y en las mujeres. La insatisfacción previa fue un predictor de insatisfacción corporal en ambos sexos, pero hallamos otros factores de riesgo diferentes como sería la pubertad tardía en los varones y el hecho de estar en sobrepeso en la preadolescencia en las mujeres.OBJETIVOS: El objetivo general de la tesis fue el de obtener información sobre la prevalencia, persistencia, incidencia y factores de riesgo de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) al inicio de la adolescencia de la población escolar de la ciudad de Tarragona.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación epidemiológica longitudinal en dos etapas. En la primera etapa (curso escolar 2002-03) se avaluó una muestra inicial de 1.336 escolares (649 chicos y 687 chicas; edad media: 11,37 anys) con un diseño en doble fase. Se seleccionaron por medio de un test de cribado (ChEAT) 258 alumnos, que fueron estudiados de manera individual (141 como grupo de riesgo y 117 como controles) (fase de T1) y que fueron seguidos a los dos años (T2; n = 200) (113 sujetos del grupo de riesgo y 87 del grupo control). Se les hizo una entrevista psiquiátrica estructurada según criterios DSM-IV (Entrevista Diagnóstica para Niños y Adolescentes- EDNA), para obtener los diagnósticos de TCA en las dos etapas (EDNA-Niños y EDNA-Adolescentes). También se obtuvieron datos antropométricos, de conducta alimentaria, de psicopatología, de desarrollo puberal, de influencias socioculturales, de temperamento y personalidad y de satisfacción corporal.RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: En primer lugar se presentan resultados sobre las características psicométricas de la versión catalana y adaptada del ChEAT, realizada experimentalmente para este estudio (Sancho et al, 2005). Un 12.94% de los escolares en la primera fase puntuaron igual o por encima del punto de corte del ChEAT. La prevalencia estimada de diagnósticos de TCA fue de 3, 44% en el T1 y de 3, 81% en el T2. Los diagnósticos denominados parciales (que no cumplen todos los criterios de severidad para ser considerados anorexia o bulimia nerviosas) -TCANE y subclínicos- son los diagnósticos más frecuentes. Sólo se halló un caso de bulimia en el T2. Un 52,17% de los participantes persistió con cualquier TCA a lo largo de los 2 años. Las diferencias de sexo fueron significativas en el T2, en el cual las chicas mostraron una mayor incidencia y persistencia que los chicos. Los escolares que tenían un IMC más alto fueron los que presentaban una mayor persistencia de diagnósticos (Sancho et al. 2007). Los escolares con diagnósticos parciales tenían características de personalidad y de temperamento de riesgo, comparables a las halladas en la población clínica con TCA. Las mujeres (43%) mostraron una mayor estabilidad en la insatisfacción corporal frente a los varones (25.8%). El sobrepeso en la preadolescencia está relacionado con la insatisfacción corporal en los varones y en las mujeres. La insatisfacción previa fue un predictor de insatisfacción corporal en ambos sexos, pero hallamos otros factores de riesgo diferentes como sería la pubertad tardía en los varones y el hecho de estar en sobrepeso en la preadolescencia en las mujeres.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to know the prevalence, to evaluate the persistence, the incidence and the risk factors of any eating disorders (ED) in a representative school population of early adolescents of both sexes in the city of Tarragona (Spain).
MATERIAL AND METHOD: It is an epidemiological longitudinal study in two phases. In the first phase an initial sample of 1336 (649 boys and 687 girls, mean age: 11.37) were assessed in a two-phase design.258 subjects were selected with a screening test (ChEAT) from the initial sample and were assessed individually (141 as risk group and 117 as controls) (phase of T1), and were followed-up two years later (T2), n = 200, (113 from risk subjects and 87 from controls).
Subjects were evaluated with a structured psychiatric interview according to DSM-IV criteria (Diagnostic Interview for children and adolescents DICA) to obtain diagnoses of ED using DICA-Children and DICA-Adolescents, at T1 and at T2 respectively. We also obtained data about anthropometry, eating behaviors, psychopathology, pubertal development, sociocultural influences, temperament and personality and body satisfaction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: First results are presented on the anthropometric characteristics of the adapted, Catalan version of Cheat, produced experimentally in this study (Sancho et al, 2005). 12.94% of schoolchildren in the first phase were rated equal to or above the cutoff point of the Cheat. The estimated prevalence of diagnoses of ED was 3, 44% at T1 and 3.81% at T2. Partial diagnoses (which does not meet all the criteria of severity to be considered anorexia or bulimia nervosa) -EDNOS and subclinic ED- are the most frequent diagnoses. Only there was a case of bulimia at T2.
52.17% of the participants persisted with any ED at the follow-up two years later. Gender differences were significant at T2, being ED in females more prevalent, incident and persistent than boys. Participants who had the highest BMI were those who had a persistent diagnosis of some form of ED (Sancho et al. 2007). Subjects with non full-blown syndromes of eating disorders share characteristics such as temperament and character traits with subjects with full-blown syndromes. Girls showed more stability (43%) in body dissatisfaction than boys (25.8%). Overweight at preadolescence is related to body dissatisfaction in boys and girls. Dissatisfaction at preadolescence is an important predictor for body dissatisfaction in both sexes, but we found that there were other risk factors like late puberty in boys and overweight at preadolescence in girls.
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Maimon, Kyla. "Body image in preadolescent girls." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1624.

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People's psychological experience of their body can impact on their lives. Some theories hold that the media creates an impossible physical ideal. The demands of trying to achieve this ideal may lead to normative discontent and psychopathology. Girls are experiencing this pressure at a younger age and the onset of puberty can exacerbate this experience. The present study used case studies and thematic content analysis to explore the issue of body image in twelve preadolescent girls. The research found that hair and the ability of the body to do need to be encompassed in the definition of body image. While the participants appeared to have a positive perception of their body, there also appeared to be negative feelings. This suggested that the participants experienced confusion and ambiguous feelings about their body.
Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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BONANNO, IPPOLITO. "Status sociometrici e dimensioni psicologiche in studenti preadolescenti ed adolescenti." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1231953.

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In questo studio si propone di dare un contributo allo studio del fenomeno della "peer rejection" nelle classi di preadolescenti e adolescenti. In un campione di 1015 studenti di Scuola Media e biennio di un Liceo di Roma si è applicato il test sociometrico per classificare gli studenti negli status sociometrici di rifiutati, popolari, ignorati ed average. Utilizzando strumenti self report per lo studio di tratti di personalità, di comportamenti disadattivi e gestione dell'emotività si è cercato di valutare le seguenti ipotesi: 1) 2) 3) Il modello con cui tradizionalmente si considerano le dimensioni psicologiche che hanno la capacità di discriminare gli status sociometrici è valido anche per la preadolescenza e l'adolescenza. 4) La categoria degli ignorati differisce dagli average non solo sul piano sociometrico ma anche in dimensioni psicologiche. 5) Gli status di ignorati e rifiutati hanno maggiori problemi internalizzanti nell'adolescenza rispetto alla preadolescenza. Dai risultati emerge una capacità discriminante decrescente per l'esternalizzazione, mentre l'emotività assume un potere discriminante crescente nel corso dello sviluppo. E' interessante la tendenza degli insegnanti a sottovalutare le problematiche degli ignorati. Al Liceo comincia ad emergere una maggiore sofferenza degli ignorati.
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Madureira, Pedro Manuel de Paiva dos Santos. "Qualidade da vinculação ao pai e à mãe e o fenómeno de retraimento social em pré-adolescentes." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/3902.

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Este trabalho estuda a qualidade da vinculação de rapazes e raparigas pré-adolescentes com os seus pais e mães, a qualidade das suas relações com o grupo de pares, nomeadamente, o fenómeno de retraimento social, e a relação entre a qualidade da vinculação com os pais e o retraimento social com os pares, esperando-se que uma relação de vinculação insegura aos pais esteja ligada ao retraimento social com os pares. Numa amostra composta por 736 jovens (356 raparigas e 380 rapazes) a frequentar o 7º ano de escolaridade, com idades entre os 10 e os 14 anos (M= 12,24), foram aplicadas a versão portuguesa da Kerns Security Scale (KSS) (Kerns, Klepac & Cole, 1996), para avaliar a qualidade das representações de vinculação aos pais, e a versão portuguesa do Extended Class Play (ECP) (Rubin, Wojslawowicz, Rose-Krasnor, Booth-LaForce & Burgess, 2006), para avaliar o retraimento social com os pares. Os resultados obtidos corroboram, apenas em parte, a revisão de literatura realizada, demonstrando uma correlação positiva entre a vinculação segura à mãe e a vinculação segura ao pai; a inexistência de diferenças significativas, na segurança da vinculação ao pai e à mãe, em função do género das crianças; uma correlação negativa do retraimento social com a agressividade e popularidade/sociabilidade, e positiva com a exclusão e a pró-sociabilidade; a inexistência de diferenças em função do género para as dimensões do ECP, nomeadamente, para o retraimento social; uma correlação positiva entre a qualidade de vinculação segura aos pais e o retraimento social com os pares.
ABSTRACT: This research studies the quality of the attachment of preadolescent boys and girls with their fathers and mothers, the quality of their relationships with the peer group, specifically, the phenomenon of social withdrawal, and the relationship between the quality of the attachment to parents and social withdrawal. It is expected that an insecure attachment relationship to parents is associated to the social withdrawal with peers. In a sample of 736 young (356 girls and 380 boys) attending the 7th grade, aged between 10 and 14 years (M = 12.24), were applied the Portuguese version of Kerns Security Scale (KSS) (Kerns, Klepac & Cole, 1996), to assess the quality of representations of attachment to parents, and the Portuguese version of the Extended Class Play (ECP) (Rubin, Wojslawowicz, Rose-Krasnor, Booth-LaForce & Burgess, 2006), to evaluate the social withdrawal with peers. The results support, only in part, the literature review, showing a positive correlation between secure attachment to the mother and secure attachment to the father; the absence of significant differences for the child gender in security of attachment to father and mother; a negative correlation of social withdrawal with the dimensions aggression and popularity/sociability, and a positive correlation with the dimensions exclusion and prosocial behaviors; no significant differences by gender for the dimensions of the ECP, in particular, for social withdrawal; a positive correlation between a secure attachment to parents and the social withdrawal with peers.
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FANTINI, FIORELLA. "Le rappresentazioni interne in preadolescenza e adolescenza tra stato della mente sull'attaccamento e relazioni oggettuali interiorizzate: una prospettiva evolutiva." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917865.

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Madeira, Sara. "Os irmãos do divórcio: A relação entre irmãos depois do divórcio dos pais." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2620.

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Este trabalho visa o estudo do impacto do divórcio na relação entre irmãos. Apesar do crescente número de divórcios na nossa sociedade e dos inúmeros estudos sobre esta temática,poucas são as investigações que se debruçam sobre de que forma é que o mesmo pode afectar a relação entre irmãos. Deste modo, o objectivo principal deste trabalho foi o de perceber se as jovens que passam pela experiência de divórcio dos pais, têm com os irmãos uma relação de menor e menos positivo envolvimento, ou se pelo contrário, e como resultado esperado, estabelecem entre si um vínculo de maior proximidade e apoio. A amostra foi constituída por 22 raparigas pré-adolescentes, 11 filhas de pais casados e 11 filhas de pais divorciados, às quais foi aplicado individualmente o teste semi-projectivo Family Relations Test-revised (FRT-r) (Bene & Anthony, 1985). Os resultados vieram confirmar que as pré-adolescentes filhas de pais divorciados apresentavam um maior e mais positivo envolvimento com os seus irmãos, considerando o irmão mais novo como o elemento da família a quem mais davam amor, e o mais velho aquele de quem mais recebiam.
This investigation aims at the study of the impact of divorce on relationship between siblings. Despite the growing number of divorces in our society and the numerous studies on this subject, there are few investigations that study how parents’ divorce affects the siblings’relationship. Thus, the main purpose of this work was to understand if the relationship between siblings that go through that experience is more distant and has less positive engagement, or if on the contrary and as expected result, the siblings establish a closer bond. The sample consisted of 22 pre-teen girls, 11 daughters of married parents and 11 daughters of divorced parents, to whom was individually applied the semi-projective Family Relations Test-revised (FRT-r) (Bene & Anthony, 1985). The results confirmed that daughters with divorced parents had greater and more positive involvement with their siblings, whereas the element of the family who they gave more love was the younger sibling, and the older one from whom they received.
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Herring, Paige E. "Differences in Nutritional Outcome Measures between Preadolescents and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa who received a Nasogastric Feeding Tube versus Oral Diet upon Hospital Admission." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/84.

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DIFFERENCES IN NUTRITIONAL OUTCOME MEASURES BETWEEN PREADOLESCENTS AND ADOLECENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA WHO RECEIVED A NASOGASTRIC FEEDING TUBE VERSUS ORAL DIET UPON HOSPITAL ADMISSION by Paige E. Herring Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease defined by an extreme weight loss due to an intense fear of gaining weight, and it is the third most chronic disease in adolescent females. Hospitalizations are common among patients with AN due to the major consequences that can arise from this disease. Most of the complications can be resolved with significant weight gain, so hospitals have an implemented feeding protocols to optimize weight gain. Studies have shown that nasogastric (NG) feedings have resulted in a greater weight gain and reduced length of stay without significant side effects. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and mode of nutrition therapy (oral feeding vs. NG tube feedings) in a population of pre-adolescents and adolescents with a hospital admission diagnosis of AN. The clinical outcome measures are length of stay (LOS), weight gain, and suspected refeeding syndrome. Participants/Setting: The study sample includes 64 patients between the ages 9 and 20 years who have been admitted to Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015 for clinical treatment of AN. The demographic, anthropometric, mode of nutrition therapy and clinical characteristics of the patient population were obtained. Statistical Analysis: Frequency statistics were used to describe demographic, anthropometric, mode of nutrition therapy and clinical characteristics of the patient population. A Student’s t-test was used to examine differences in continuous variables by tube feeding status, while a Mann-Whitney U test was used for the non-normally distributed variables. A Chi-square test was used to examine differences in tube feeding status by categorical variables. Results: Data were collected and analyzed for 64 patients, with a mean age of 14.6 + 2.4 years, and the majority of the population being female (93.8%) and Caucasian (92.2%). Approximately half (n=30, 47%) of the population received an NG tube during the admission. Mean discharge BMI was significantly higher in those who received an oral diet vs. NG tube (16.67 vs. 17.08, respectively; p=0.042) while weight change was significantly lower (1.3 kg vs. 2.1 kg, respectively; p=0.012) and LOS shorter (8 days vs. 11 days, respectively; p=0.002) There were no significant differences in other characteristics by mode of nutrition therapy. Conclusion: NG tube feeding is an effective method for feeding hospitalize adolescent patients with AN to yield greater weight gain results. Future studies are necessary to determine the amount of time exclusively on the NG tube, reasons for choosing NG vs. oral feedings, and other variables associated with weight gain and length of stay.
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PEVNÁ, Radka. "Analýza kvality života u pubescentů a adolescentů s ohledem na cirkadiánní a diurální rytmy v dětských domovech v Jihomoravském kraji." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153460.

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The thesis deals with analysis of the quality of life of preadolescents and adolescents with regard to circadian and diural rhythms in children's homes in the South Moravian Region. The first part characterises concepta of quality of life, pubescent, adolescent, circadian and diural rhythms. The work is focused on the temporal area of quality of life. It described the importance and quality of sleep, sleep cycles and sleep typology. The research deals with the questionnaire survey a total of 110 respondents (60 pubescent, 50 adolescents). The research method consists of a selection of questions from a standardized questionnaire circadian typology, CIT Harada, Krejčí, 2010. The data are analyzed using basic statistical methods
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Fuentes, Gutiérrez Denise Soledad, and Gabriela Alejandra Torres. "De la protección de derechos y otros cuentos : niños en situación de medida excepcional y sus derechos...¿restituidos?" Bachelor's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/4402.

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Esta tesina surge como producto de la realización de nuestras prácticas pre-profesionales, correspondientes al quinto nivel académico, en el área de medidas excepcionales de la SeNAF de la provincia de Córdoba, particularmente en una residencia de niños varones, Residencia Preadolescentes. Se desarrolla un análisis institucional desde un enfoque de Derechos, donde se pretende dar cuenta de cómo las fluctuaciones institucionales influyen en los procesos de encuentro de los niños con la restitución de sus derechos. Para ello, primero se hace una alusión a la reconstrucción, desde una mirada histórica, de los diferentes abordajes de la niñez en nuestro país y específicamente en la provincia de Córdoba, haciendo hincapié en las normativas y políticas sociales dirigidas a niñas, niños y adolescentes. En un segundo momento, se describe el escenario institucional, de modo de poder avanzar, en reconocer y caracterizar a los sujetos de la intervención, los niños y adolescentes de la residencia preadolescentes. A partir de allí, y como resultado de todo lo explicitado anteriormente, se explicita la estrategia de intervención, precisando las líneas de acción propuestas, sus reformulaciones y lo logrado en cada una de ellas finalizando con algunas reflexiones sobre el proceso de intervención y consideraciones en torno a la intervención del trabajo social con niños en situación de medida excepcional.

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