Journal articles: 'Pre-training status'

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Ashadi, K., D. N. Mirza, and G. Siantoro. "Hydration status in adolescent runners: pre and post training." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 296 (January 2018): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/296/1/012014.

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Coehoorn, Cory J., Kyle Pierce, Timothy Winter, and Jesse DeMello. "Pre-Training Hydration Status in Adult Male and Female Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485297.32179.fd.

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Belfort, Felipe Gomes, Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim, Carlos Enrique Silva, Cassia Farias Fernandes Gonçalves, Priscila Rita Niquini, Rafael Pires Silva, and João Carlos Bouzas Marins. "FLUID BALANCE DURING TAEKWONDO TRAINING." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 1 (January 2021): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220212701113775.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Dehydration has been described as one of the main factors of reduced performance in combat sports activities, leading to death in extreme cases. Objective To investigate the pre-training hydration status and changes in fluid homeostasis during two taekwondo training sessions. Methods Eighteen male college athletes (age 22.6 ± 3.37 years) were assessed. The study design aimed to reproduce the conditions of a 90-minute taekwondo training session, divided into three stages: a) warm-up exercises (20 min); b) poomsae (30 min) and c) technical training (40 min). The athletes had ad libitum water intake during training. To assess the hydration status we considered body mass (BM), the amount of liquid consumed and urine output, which enabled us to establish absolute and relative fluid loss in kg and percentage as well as the sweating rate. We also considered urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (U-COL), and subjective sensation of thirst (Sthirst) before and after the training session. Pre- and post-training results were compared separately in each session and between sessions. Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in pre-training BM between the two days of training. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the final BM on both days of the experiment. Most subjects had relative dehydration below 2%. A significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded pre and post training for U-COL and Sthirst, with the highest rates obtained at the end of each session. Participants always started training at a low dehydration status (USG >1,020g.ml-1). Conclusions The athletes tended to start the training sessions in dehydration status, which increases over the course of the training. Ad libitum water intake was not sufficient to balance fluid loss. Changes in fluid levels between sessions were similar. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results Level of Treatment.

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Nakhodkin, Vasiliy, Elena Khvatskaya, Natalia Ilina, Vitaly Andreev, and Vladimir Andreev. "Research on the state of young hockey players’ pre-competitive psychological fitness." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-62202021731296p.283-291.

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The article presents the results of psychological research and psychologist’s work with young hockey players at two stages of pre-competition training camps for sports training for the 1st Winter Children of Asia International Sports Games (hereinafter – the 1st Winter ISG “Children of Asia”). The research involved studying the young athletes’ psychological fitness by three indicators: the status of pre-competition mental states (motivation and anxiety), autonomic balance and psychomotor control, as factors of psychological selection to a sports team and solving key problems in the content of integrated sports training. The research presents the annual cycle of young athletes’ sports training, which is timely at the stages of basic training and sports excellence.

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Kiitam, Urmo, Lilita Voitkevica, Saima Timpmann, Inese Pontaga, Jaan Ereline, Eve Unt, and Vahur Ööpik. "Pre-Practice Hydration Status in Soccer (Football) Players in a Cool Environment." Medicina 54, no. 6 (December 5, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54060102.

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Background and Objectives: Only a few studies have reported the pre-practice hydration status in soccer players (SPs) who train in a cool climate. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the hydration status of male semiprofessional SPs immediately before their regular training session in winter. The secondary purpose was to compare the urinary indices of the hydration status of Estonian and Latvian SPs. Materials and Methods: Pre-training urine samples were collected from 40 Estonian (age 22.1 ± 3.4 years, soccer training experience 13.7 ± 3.9 years) and 41 Latvian (age 20.8 ± 3.4 years, soccer training experience 13.3 ± 3.0 years) SPs and analyzed for urine specific gravity (USG). The average outdoor temperature during the sample collection period (January–March) was between −5.1 °C and 0.2 °C (Estonia) and −1.9 °C and −5.0 °C (Latvia). Results: The average pre-training USG of Estonian and Latvian SPs did not differ (P = 0.464). Pooling the data of Estonian and Latvian SPs yielded a mean USG value of 1.021 ± 0.007. Hypohydration (defined as a USG ≥ 1.020) was evident altogether in fifty SPs (61.7%) and one of them had a USG value greater than 1.030. Conclusions: Estonian and Latvian SPs do not differ in respect of USG and the prevalence of pre-training hypohydration is high in this athletic cohort. These findings suggest that SPs as well as their coaches, athletic trainers, and sports physicians should be better educated to recognize the importance of maintaining euhydration during the daily training routine in wintertime and to apply appropriate measures to avoid hypohydration.

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Campenhout, Kristien Van, Laurent Chapelle, Tom Deliens, Eva D’Hondt, and Peter Clarys. "The Effect of a Tailored Intervention on Female Soccer Players’ Hydration Status." Journal of Human Kinetics 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0047.

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Abstract Numerous studies have reported that athletes’ pre-training/-game hydration status is of concern. Up to now, only two cohort studies have examined the effect of an intervention aimed at improving pretraining/-game hydration status; however, without including a control group. Therefore, the aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine whether and to what extent an individually tailored intervention focused on the benefits of being optimally hydrated before training or game would alter the hydration status of female soccer players. Two teams of young adult female soccer players were allocated to an intervention (n = 22; 19.8 ± 3.0 years) or a control group (n = 15; 22.8 ± 4.0 years). Players in the intervention group received an individually tailored intervention, based on Urine Specific Gravity (USG) measurements, which took place in between two training weeks. Before each training and match play, a urine sample was collected to determine players’ hydration status. Mixed modelling was applied to assess within and between differences in hydration status over time. The pre-training/-game hydration status of the intervention group improved significantly, with players’ mean USG-value decreasing from 1.013 ± 0.001 g/mL to 1.008 ± 0.002 g/mL (p = 0.005). In contrast, the mean USG-value in the control group increased significantly from 1.012 ± 0.002 g/mL to 1.016 ± 0.002 g/mL (p = 0.023), indicating a deterioration of their pre-training/-game hydration status. The individually tailored intervention did show a positive effect even though female soccer players in the present study were already reasonably well hydrated before the start of the intervention.

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Kassim, Mohar, Norfazilawati Othman, Shahrulfadly Rustam, and Edawaty Ujang. "Physical Fitness Status Among Female Reserve Officers Training Unit (ROTU).-The Pre-test." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.7 (July 4, 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.7.16348.

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The ROTU cadets are trained to become an officer who are always ready to defence and resilience the country from all threats. The fitness level of each female ROTU cadets can be measured more systematically and accurately by implementing the test batteries. The objective of this study is to measure the fitness level among the female ROTU cadets based on the seven test, secondly to produce the Fitness Training Manual for the female ROTU cadet and thirdly to build the physical norms based on the seven test battery among the female ROTU cadets in UPNM. The whole research will involve 3 phases, pre-test for basic data collection, (4 weeks), intervention (12 weeks) and post data collection (4 weeks). From the purposive sampling, 212 female ROTU cadets were selected as the sample of the study. The instruments for pre-data collection involved the 7 test batteries (2.4 km running, sit-up, push up, 30-meter sprint, 10-meter zigzag, sit and reach and stand long jump) and self-administered questionnaire for demographic characteristics. The results of the pre-test came out with the seven physical fitness norms among female PALAPES cadet based on their age (19, 20 & 21). In conclusion, this physical fitness norm helps in the classification of physical fitness among the female ROTU cadets in UPNM. In average, the pretest showed not more than than 30% of them have an excellent physical fitness. The results of this study and the Fitness Training Manual can be used as a reference for future scientific studies especially among ROTU cadets in Malaysia.Keywords: Norms, Physical fitness, test batteries, female, ROTU.

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Lang, Daniel M., Jan C. Peeken, Stephanie E. Combs, Jan J. Wilkens, and Stefan Bartzsch. "Deep Learning Based HPV Status Prediction for Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients." Cancers 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040786.

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Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a major risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). HPV-related OPCs have been shown to be more radiosensitive and to have a reduced risk for cancer related death. Hence, the histological determination of HPV status of cancer patients depicts an essential diagnostic factor. We investigated the ability of deep learning models for imaging based HPV status detection. To overcome the problem of small medical datasets, we used a transfer learning approach. A 3D convolutional network pre-trained on sports video clips was fine-tuned, such that full 3D information in the CT images could be exploited. The video pre-trained model was able to differentiate HPV-positive from HPV-negative cases, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81 for an external test set. In comparison to a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) trained from scratch and a 2D architecture pre-trained on ImageNet, the video pre-trained model performed best. Deep learning models are capable of CT image-based HPV status determination. Video based pre-training has the ability to improve training for 3D medical data, but further studies are needed for verification.

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Jusoh, N., and S. Salim. "Association between hydration status, hydration knowledge and fluid consumption during training among soccer players." Physical education of students 23, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2019.0104.

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Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and the amount of fluid intake consumption during training among the soccer players. Material and Methods: Pre-training hydration status was measured by urine colour chart and Urine Specific Gravity (USG). A questionnaire on hydration knowledge was answered by the participants on the last day of training session. Pearson Correlation test was used to analyse the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and total amount of fluid intake among the participants. Results: The results showed that the participants were dehydrated during the three days of training. Sixty four percent of the participants had a satisfactory knowledge of hydration. However, the results indicated that the sweat loss was higher than fluid intake during the training. Pearson test revealed there were positive correlation between USG and urine colour (r=0.809, p<0.001) as well as urine colour and fluid intake (r = .424, p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings indicate the needs to increase awareness of pre training hydration status among the participants.

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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman, and Andrew M. Jones. "Influence of Training Status and Maturity on Pulmonary O2 Uptake Recovery Kinetics Following Cycle and Upper Body Exercise in Girls." Pediatric Exercise Science 24, no. 2 (May 2012): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.2.246.

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The influence of training status on pulmonary VO2 recovery kinetics, and its interaction with maturity, has not been investigated in young girls. Sixteen prepubertal (Pre: trained (T, 11.4 ± 0.7 years), 8 untrained (UT, 11.5 ± 0.6 years)) and 8 pubertal (Pub: 8T, 14.2 ± 0.7 years; 8 UT, 14.5 ± 1.3 years) girls completed repeat transitions from heavy intensity exercise to a baseline of unloaded exercise, on both an upper and lower body ergometer. The VO2 recovery time constant was significantly shorter in the trained prepubertal and pubertal girls during both cycle (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 32 ± 6; Pub: T, 28 ± 2 vs. UT, 35 ± 7 s; both p < .05) and upper body exercise (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 35 ± 6; Pub: T, 30 ± 4 vs. UT, 42 ± 3 s; both p < .05). No interaction was evident between training status and maturity. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of VO2 recovery kinetics to training in young girls and challenge the notion of a “maturational threshold” in the influence of training status on the physiological responses to exercise and recovery.

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Kreider, Richard B., Dawn Hill, Greg Horton, Michael Downes, Sarah Smith, and Beth Anders. "Effects of Carbohydrate Supplementation during Intense training on Dietary Patterns, Psychological Status, and Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 5, no. 2 (June 1995): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.5.2.125.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of carbohydrate supplementation during intense training on dietary patterns, psychological status, and markers of anaerobic and aerobic performance. Seven members of the U.S. National Field Hockey Team were matched to 7 team counterparts (N= 14). One group was blindly administered a carbohydrate drink containing 1 g·kg−1of carbohydrate four times daily, while the remaining group blindly ingested a flavored placebo during 7 days of intense training. Subjects underwent pre- and posttraining aerobic and anaerobic assessments, recorded daily diet intake, and were administered the Profile of Mood States (POMS) psychological inventory prior to and following each practice. Results revealed that the carbohydrate-supplemented group had a greater (p< .05) total energy intake, carbohydrate intake, and change (pre vs. post) in time to maximal exhaustion following training while reporting less postpractice psychological fatigue. However, no significant differences were observed in remaining psychological, physiological, or performance-related variables.

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Kaur, Harpreet, Kanwal Preet K. Gill, Priyanka Devgun, Harpreet Kaur, and Amanpreet Kaur. "Assessment of knowledge of AWWs regarding growth monitoring and impact of training on their knowledge in Amritsar district of Punjab, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183597.

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Background: Present study was planned to assess the existing knowledge and awareness among AWWs about growth monitoring and nutritional status of children and also to evaluate the impact of training on their knowledge.Methods: The study was carried out in the department of community medicine, SGRDIMSAR, Amritsar. A sample of 405 AWWs was selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by administering a predesigned and pretested Performa to the AWWs before and after each training session. Pre-test and post-test assessment was done to assess the existing knowledge of AWWs and also to evaluate impact of training on their knowledge regarding growth monitoring and nutritional status of children. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version.Results: The study revealed that majority (72.1%) of the workers fell into the category of poor knowledge and only 4.2% had good knowledge regarding growth monitoring and nutritional status of children before the training session. Age, educational status and work experience of AWWs were found to be significantly associated with their pre-test knowledge. There was statistically significant improvement in the knowledge of AWWs after training. Also, association between education level and post-test knowledge of AWWs was found to be significant.Conclusions: Regular in-service training or refresher training programmes should be organized for AWWs to enhance their knowledge regarding different aspects of ICDS especially growth monitoring and nutritional status.

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Rasmussen, C., R. Kreider, J. Ransom, J. Hunt, C. Melton, T. Stroud, E. Cantler, and P. Milnor. "CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PRE-SEASON FOOTBALL TRAINING DOES NOT AFFECT FLUID OR ELECTROLYTE STATUS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01481.

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McNarry, M. A., K. A. Mackintosh, and K. Stoedefalke. "Longitudinal investigation of training status and cardiopulmonary responses in pre- and early-pubertal children." European Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 8 (April 27, 2014): 1573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2890-1.

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Jagim, Andrew R., Glenn A. Wright, Jacob Kisiolek, Margaret T. Jones, and Jonathan M. Oliver. "Position Specific Changes in Body Composition, Hydration Status and Metabolism During Preseason Training Camp and Nutritional Habits of Division III Football Players." Open Sports Sciences Journal 10, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x01710010017.

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Background: To what extent pre-season training camp may impact body composition and metabolism in collegiate football players is unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in body composition, dietary habits and metabolism following pre-season training in Division III American football players. Methods: Seventeen Division III football players (Ht: 1.80±0.6 m; BM: 99.1±60.1 kg; FFM: 79.7±8.6 kg; BF%: 19.3±8.6%) had their body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) assessed in a fasted state (>12 hr.) before and upon completion of pre-season training. Pre-season training consisted of 14 days of intense training. Results: Linemen had a higher body mass, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass likely contributing to the higher REE (p < 0.01). A main effect for time was observed regarding changes in FFM (p<0.001) and body fat % (p = 0.024). A significant interaction was observed for FFM with linemen experiencing a greater reduction in FFM (-1.73±0.37 vs. -0.43±0.74 kg; p<0.001). Linemen (L) experienced a greater reduction in REE compared to non-linemen (NL) (L: -223.0±308.4 vs. NL: 3.27±200.1 kcals; p=0.085) albeit not statistically significant. Non-linemen consumed a higher amount of daily calories (p=0.036), carbohydrates (p=0.046), and protein (p=0.024) when expressed relative to body mass. Conclusion: The greater size in linemen prior to pre-season likely contributed to their higher REE. However, the multiple training bouts appeared to reduce REE in linemen, which may have been driven by the observed losses in FFM and low protein intake. Further, pre-season training increased body fat % in all players.

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Harisha, Dewan. "Training Patient for Definite Treatment with the Pre-Definitive Treatment Prosthesis or the Rehabilitation Device - A Case Report." Case Reports in Dental Science 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/crds.2020.1-1009.

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Severe morphological changes and the reduction of the residual ridge in old denture wearers can pose major challenges like providing optimum retention, stability, support and restoring the lost vertical dimensions in the new dentures. In addition, wearing such dentures with decreased or poor function can impair mastication and lead to harmful effects on the nutritional status of the patients. A rehabilitation device, often called a transitional denture or pre-definitive treatment prosthesis often provides a fine springboard from which to construct the second set of dentures. The present case report describes a method to restore the lost occlusal vertical dimension with a pre-definitive treatment prosthesis using the old complete dentures for a patient for him to adapt to the changes before the fabrication of the new complete dentures.

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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman, and Andrew M. Jones. "The influence of training and maturity status on girls’ responses to short-term, high-intensity upper- and lower-body exercise." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 3 (June 2011): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-019.

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A maturational threshold has been suggested to be present in young peoples’ responses to exercise, with significant influences of training status evidenced only above this threshold. The presence of such a threshold has not been investigated for short-term, high-intensity exercise. To address this, we investigated the relationship between swim-training status and maturity on the power output, pulmonary gas exchange, and metabolic responses to an upper- and lower-body Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Girls at 3 stages of maturity participated:, prepubertal (Pre: 8 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)), pubertal (Pub: 9 T, 15 UT), and postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT). At all maturity stages, T exhibited higher peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) during upper-body exercise (PP: Pre, T, 163 ± 20 vs. UT, 124 ± 29; Pub, T, 230 ± 42 vs. UT, 173 ± 41; Post, T, 245 ± 41 vs. UT, 190 ± 40 W; MP: Pre, T, 130 ± 23 vs. UT, 85 ± 26; Pub, T, 184 ± 37 vs. UT, 123 ± 38; Post, T, 200 ± 30 vs. UT, 150 ± 15 W; all p < 0.05) but not lower-body exercise, whilst the fatigue index was significantly lower in T for both exercise modalities. Irrespective of maturity, the oxidative contribution, calculated by the area under the oxygen uptake response profile, was not influenced by training status. No interaction was evident between training status and maturity, with similar magnitudes of difference between T and UT at all 3 maturity stages. These results suggest that there is no maturational threshold which must be surpassed for significant influences of training status to be manifest in the “anaerobic” exercise performance of young girls.

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Stover, Elizabeth A., Heather J. Petrie, Dennis Passe, Craig A. Horswill, Bob Murray, and Robert Wildman. "Urine specific gravity in exercisers prior to physical training." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-004.

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Urine specific gravity (USG) is used as an index of hydration status. Many studies have used USG to estimate pre-exercise hydration in athletes. However, very little is known about the pre-exercise hydration status of recreational exercisers. The purpose of the present study was to measure the pre-exercise USG in a large sample of recreational exercisers who attended 2 different fitness centers in the United States. In addition, we wanted to determine if factors such as time of day, geographic location, and gender influenced USG. We tested 166 subjects in Chicago and 163 subjects in Los Angeles. Subjects completed a survey on their typical training regimen and fluid-replacement habits, and thereafter voided and delivered a urine sample to the investigators prior to beginning exercise. Samples were measured on site for USG using a hand-held refractometer. The mean (SD) USG was 1.018 (± 0.007) for all subjects. Males had a higher average USG (1.020 ± 0.007) when compared with females (1.017 ± 0.008; p = 0.001). Despite differences in climate, no difference in mean USG occurred based on location or time of day. Based on standards used for athletes (USG >= 1.020), 46% of the exercisers were likely to be dehydrated.Key words: dehydration, exercise, hydration.

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Alkadi, Abdu, and Taha Hezam. "A Look into Literature Courses in Pre-Service Teacher Training." TESOL and Technology Studies 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/tts.v2i2.218.

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This paper explored the load of literature courses in the teacher-training program at the collegiate level in Yemen. It dwells on teacher candidates’ perceptions of the current status quo of literature teaching based on the learner-centered approach and humanistic curriculum. Data were elicited through an opinion poll from a sample of senior prospective teachers (n=112) who have undertaken courses in verse, fiction, and prose embedded in the program. Findings ensued from this analysis show that the participants had a wealth of difficulties that hamper achieving the objectives of embedding literature in the program, and most of such difficulties stem from teaching inadequacies in the given context. The study brings to the foreground some insightful ideas into curriculum reform. It generally informs the curriculum designers to readdress the existing program with an eye on the underestimated literature courses. It recommends that the overhaul of the existing syllabus should be fashioned to a new purpose, a new footing and a new perspective in line with the worldwide, extemporized changes in terms of curriculum development. A balanced approach to literature instruction to link the school curriculum with what is taught at the tertiary level would be a stepping-point to an improved literature teaching scenario.

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SATOH, Aki, Yuki NAGAMATSU, and Tomohiro MATSUMURA. "Current Status and Issues of the Pre-Clinical Training OSCE in Acute Care Nursing Education." Journal of UOEH 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.40.267.

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Iellamo, Ferdinando, Giuseppe Caminiti, Matteo Montano, Vincenzo Manzi, Alessio Franchini, Annalisa Mancuso, and Maurizio Volterrani. "Prolonged Post-Exercise Hypotension: Effects of Different Exercise Modalities and Training Statuses in Elderly Patients with Hypertension." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 3229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063229.

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Background: In this study, we aimed at comparing the effects of three different exercise modalities on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in elderly hypertensive patients and at investigating whether PEH responses to the same exercises are affected by their training status. Methods: Thirty-six male sedentary hypertensive patients over 60 years old, were included. They were divided into three groups each one corresponding to a different exercise modality, i.e., aerobic continuous exercise (ACE), high-intensive interval exercise (HIIE), and combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise (CE). PEH was assessed in each group by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in two different conditions as follows: (1) sedentary status and (2) trained status, at the end of a 12 week of ACE training program. A cardiopulmonary test was performed before and at the end of the training program. Results: In the sedentary status, 24-h and nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased in all groups as compared with top pre-exercise, with a greater but not significant reduction in the ACE and CE groups as compared with HIIE. ACE and HIIE groups presented a more sustained PEH than CE. In the trained status, 24-h and nighttime systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly only after HIIE, but were unchanged as compared with pre-exercise in the ACE and CE groups. Conclusions: ACE and CE produced greater PEH than HIIE in sedentary elderly hypertensive patients. However, after training, HIIE produced the greater and more sustained PEH. The training status appears to exert significant effects on PEH produced by different exercise modalities.

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Aerenhouts, Dirk, Laurent Chapelle, Peter Clarys, and Evert Zinzen. "Hydration Status in Adolescent Alpine Skiers During a Training Camp." Journal of Human Kinetics 79, no. 1 (July 10, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0062.

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Abstract Maintaining euhydration is important for optimal health, performance and recovery, but can be challenging for alpine skiers when training in a relatively cold but dry environment. This study aimed to evaluate hydration status, fluid loss and fluid intake in adolescent alpine skiers during a training camp. Twelve athletes aged 14.3 ± 0.9 years volunteered to participate in the study. Athletes resided at an altitude of 1600 m and trained between 1614 and 2164 m. During eight consecutive days, urine specific gravity was measured before each morning training session using a refractometer. Changes in body weight representing fluid loss and ad libitum fluid intake during each morning training session were assessed using a precision scale. Mean pre-training urine specific gravity remained stable throughout the training camp. Individual values ranged between 1.010 and 1.028 g/cm3with 50 to 83% of athletes in a hypohydrated state (urine specific gravity ≥ 1.020 g/cm3). Mean training induced fluid loss remained stable throughout the training camp (range -420 to -587 g) with individual losses up to 1197 g (-3.5%). Fluid intake was significantly lower than fluid loss during each training session. To conclude, urine specific gravity values before training indicated insufficient daily fluid intake in more than half of the athletes. Furthermore, fluid intake during training in adolescent alpine skiers was suboptimal even when drinks were provided ad libitum. Coaches and athletes should be encouraged to carefully monitor hydration status and to ensure that alpine skiers drink sufficiently during and in between training sessions.

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Duarte, Thiago Seixas, Danilo Reis Coimbra, Renato Miranda, Heglison Custódio Toledo, Francisco Zacaron Werneck, Daniel Gustavo Schimitz de Freitas, and Mauricio Gáttas Bara Filho. "MONITORING TRAINING LOAD AND RECOVERY IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS DURING A SEASON." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 3 (June 2019): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192503195048.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Monitoring training loads, along with the recovery status, is important for preventing unwanted adaptations. Knowledge of these variables over volleyball seasons is still scarce. Objective To monitor and describe the training load and recovery status of volleyball players over a competitive season. Methods The sample consisted of 14 professional volleyball players. For the entire season, the training load was monitored daily by the SPE method during the session, and the recovery status was monitored by TQR and QBE on the first and last days of training for the week. Results There was a decrease in training load between Preparatory Period I and Competitive Period I (p = 0.03), followed by an increase in Preparatory Period II (p <0.001) and a new decrease in Competitive Periods II (p = 0.01 ) and III (p = 0.003). There was a significant reduction between Pre-TQR and QBE and Post-TQR and QBE in all mesocycles. In the Pre-TQR, there was a reduction between Preparatory Period II and Competitive Period II (p = 0.006), in the Pre-QBE, there was a reduction between Preparatory Period II and Competitive Period III (p = 0.002), and in the Post-TQR, this reduction was observed between Competitive Period I and Preparatory Period II (p = 0.03). In the Post-QBE, there was an increase between Preparatory Period I and Competitive Period I (p = 0.002), followed by a decrease in Preparatory Period II (p = 0.01). Conclusion Loads varied throughout the season, along with recovery, which varied according to the loads and characteristics of each period. Level of evidence I, Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the Results of Treatment.

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Padilhas, Orranette Pereira, Reabias de Andrade Pereira, Rossana Coeli Seabra Marques, Douglas Cavalcante Silva, Keyth Sulamitta de Lima Guimarães, Diego de Oliveira Costa, Fabiano Ferreira de Lima, and Alexandre Sérgio Silva. "INTER SEASON PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE BRAZILIAN BEACH HANDBALL TEAM." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 6 (December 2018): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182406153471.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The Brazilian national women's beach handball team traditionally holds intense pre-competition training with several daily sessions in the weeks before major matches. This can cause excessive physical strain, but physiological monitoring can guide the coaching staff to modulate the training load, preventing this excessive strain. Objective: To monitor the physiological responses of members of the Brazilian national women's beach handball team in a pre-competition training program with loads modulated according to individual physiological response. Methods: Seventeen athletes (27.1 ± 3.8 years) were assessed before the start of the pre-competition training period (E1), on Day 8 (E2) and Day 18 (E3). Blood samples were taken for subsequent analysis of muscular damage markers (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)). An ECG test was performed to assess cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was applied to assess mood. The results were reported to the coaching staff, who made training adjustments according to the individual status of each athlete. Results: CK increased significantly from E1 to E2 (131.1 ± 80.9 vs 212.9 ± 131.7) and remained unchanged (212.9 ± 185.6) up to E3, while LDH was significantly reduced from E2 to E3 (590.7 ± 120.2 vs 457.8 ± 86.6), finishing the pre-competition training program with values similar to E1 (512.7 ± 190.6). The only change noted was the subjective sensation of fatigue from the POMS questionnaire that was significantly higher in E2 (4.82 ± 4.05) and E3 (5.5 ± 4.8) compared to E1 (2.06 ± 2.61), but no changes in total mood disturbance were detected in this instrument. Conclusion: With the modulation of training loads based on results of physiological tests, the members of the Brazilian national women's beach handball team responded in a physiologically adequate manner, even when faced with a sudden increase in training load for 18 consecutive days. Level of evidence III; Diagnostic study-investigation of a diagnostic test.

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Cheng, D. L., and W. H. Lai. "APPLICATION OF SELF-ORGANIZING MAP ON FLIGHT DATA ANALYSIS FOR QUADCOPTER HEALTH DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-241-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The UAS fault problem has led to many potential risk factors behind its rapid development in recent years. Therefore, the diagnosis of UAS health status is still an important issue. This study adopted the SOM machine learning method which is an unsupervised clustering method to establish a model for diagnosing the health status of quadcopter. Take the vibration features of three flight states (undamaged, motor mount loose, unbalanced broken propeller). Through those training data the model can cluster different vibration pattern of fault situation. It not only can classify the failure status with 99% accuracy but also can provide pre-failure indicators.</p>

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Brown, Jim, Alex Derchak, Angela Bennett, Martin LePore, and Steve Edwards. "Impact of Pre-Participation Hydration Status on Structural Firefighter Cardio-Respiratory Response to Standard Training Activities." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, Supplement (May 2007): S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000273554.95549.0e.

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Winlove, Melitta A., Andrew M. Jones, and Joanne R. Welsman. "Influence of training status and exercise modality on pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics in pre-pubertal girls." European Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 6 (December 22, 2009): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1320-2.

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Olesen, J., R. S. Biensø, S. Meinertz, L. van Hauen, S. M. Rasmussen, L. Gliemann, P. Plomgaard, and H. Pilegaard. "Impact of training status on LPS-induced acute inflammation in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 7 (April 1, 2015): 818–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00725.2014.

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The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of training status on the ability to induce a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response systemically as well as in skeletal muscle (SkM) and adipose tissue (AT) in human subjects. Seventeen young (23.8 ± 2.5 yr of age) healthy male subjects were included in the study with eight subjects assigned to a trained (T) group and nine subjects assigned to an untrained (UT) group. On the experimental day, catheters were inserted in the femoral artery and vein of one leg for blood sampling and a bolus of 0.3 ng LPS/kg body wt was injected into an antecubital vein in the forearm. Femoral arterial blood flow was measured by ultrasound Doppler, and arterial and venous blood samples were drawn before (Pre) LPS injection and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the LPS injection. Vastus lateralis muscle and abdominal subcutaneous AT biopsies were obtained Pre and 60 and 120 min after the LPS injection. LPS increased the systemic plasma TNFα and IL-6 level as well as the TNFα and IL-6 mRNA content in SkM and AT of both UT and T. However, whereas the LPS-induced inflammatory response in SkM was enhanced in T subjects relative to UT, the inflammatory response systemically and in AT was somewhat delayed in T subjects relative to UT. The present findings highlight that training status affects the ability to induce a LPS-induced acute inflammatory response in a tissue-specific manner.

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Zabriskie, Hannah, Bradley Currier, Patrick Harty, Richard Stecker, Andrew Jagim, and Chad Kerksick. "Energy Status and Body Composition Across a Collegiate Women’s Lacrosse Season." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020470.

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Little data is available regarding the energy and nutritional status of female collegiate team sport athletes. Twenty female NCAA Division II lacrosse athletes (mean ± SD: 20.4 ± 1.8 years; 68.8 ± 8.9 kg; 168.4 ± 6.6 cm; 27.9 ± 3% body fat) recorded dietary intake and wore a physical activity monitor over four consecutive days at five different time points (20 days total) during one academic year. Body composition, bone health, and resting metabolic rate were assessed in conjunction with wearing the monitor during off-season, pre-season, and season-play. Body fat percentage decreased slightly during the course of this study (p = 0.037). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) (p < 0.001) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) (p = 0.001) energy were found to change significantly over the course of the year, with pre-season training resulting in the highest energy expenditures (TDEE: 2789 ± 391 kcal/day; AEE: 1001 ± 267 kcal/day). Caloric (2124 ± 448 kcal/day), carbohydrate (3.6 ± 1.1 g/kg), and protein (1.2 ± 0.3 g/kg) intake did not change over the course of the year (p > 0.05). Athletes self-reported a moderate negative energy balance (366–719 kcal/day) and low energy availability (22.9–30.4 kcal/kg FFM) at each measurement period throughout the study. Reported caloric and macronutrient intake was low given the recorded energy expenditure and macronutrient intake recommendations for athletes. Athletic support staff should provide athletes with appropriate fueling strategies, particularly during pre-season training, to adequately meet energy demands.

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Harris, Lauren, Tamsin Durston, Jake Flatman, Denise Kelly, Michelle Moat, Rahana Mohammed, Tracey Smith, Maria Wickes, Melissa Upjohn, and Rachel Casey. "Impact of Socio-Economic Status on Accessibility of Dog Training Classes." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100849.

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Behaviour problems are amongst the most common reasons given for relinquishing dogs to rehoming centres. Some behaviour problems may be amenable to being tackled pre-emptively with classes educating owners on basic dog training and understanding behaviour; however, it is recognised that people with low socio-economic status (SES) may face barriers to attending classes such as affordability, variable working hours, and limited access to transport and childcare. The current study piloted free-to-use dog training and owner education classes in areas with high levels of economic deprivation, both in the traditional face-to-face format and online. It was hypothesised that providing an online dog training course may help people overcome practical barriers by allowing them to complete training modules in their own time. High dropout rates were observed in both formats (online: 100%, face-to-face: 43% dropout). A course of paid dog training classes running in the same area saw a comparatively low dropout rate (24%). Participants who completed the face-to-face classes had significantly higher household incomes and were less likely to receive means-tested benefits than participants who dropped out (household income p = 0.049; benefits status p = 0.017). This evidence suggests that people with low SES may face non-course fee-related barriers to attending dog training classes. Future research should include a qualitative investigation of people’s reasons for not continuing with dog training courses. Study findings can support the development of training and behaviour advice delivery that is accessible to people with varied socio-economic backgrounds.

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Ozoliņa, Lilita, Inese Pontaga, and Igors Ķīsis. "Amateur and Professional Ice Hockey Player Hydration Status and Urine Specific Gravity Values Before and After Training in Winter Conditions." LASE Journal of Sport Science 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ljss-2016-0032.

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Abstract The aim of our investigation was to determine and compare the pre- and post- training body hydration status in professional and amateur male ice hockey players consumed the drinks according to their thirst sensation in winter conditions. Materials and methods: 11 amateur and 23 professional ice hockey players participated in the investigation. The players were weighted before and after training using precise scales. The body mass composition of every athlete was determined by the body composition analyzer. Every player collected mid–stream urine specimens before and after the training. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured by urine refractometer. Results: 56% of the professional ice hockey players and 82% of amateur players were hypohydrated before training according to their USG values ≥ 1.020, 5% of professional players were dehydrated their USG values ≥ 1.030. After the training with duration of 1.5 hours the mean body mass decreased for 0.9±0.5% of pre– training value in amateur players and for 1.6±0.8% in professionals (p=0.005). After the training the professional players’ hydration status worsened: 66% were hypohydrated and 26% dehydrated according to USG, the mean USG after training was significantly higher than before it (p=0.011). USG after training did not change in amateur players: their mean USG values before and after training did not differed significantly (p=0.677). Conclusions: Fluid uptake according to thirst sensation in winter conditions cannot compensate the fluid loss at rest and during training especially in professional ice hockey players. The body mass loss exceeded value critical for performance - 2 % in one third part of professionals. The differences between two groups can be explained by higher intensity of exercises during training, the better physical conditioning and greater sweating rate in professional players in comparison with amateurs, which causes close to twice greater uncompensated fluid loss in professionals than in amateurs.

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Unnithan, Viswanath B., Alexander Beaumont, Thomas W. Rowland, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Keith George, Rachel Lord, and David Oxborough. "The influence of training status on right ventricular morphology and segmental strain in elite pre-adolescent soccer players." European Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 5 (February 22, 2021): 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04634-3.

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AbstractCardiac modifications to training are a product of the genetic pre-disposition for adaptation and the repetitive haemodynamic loads that are placed on the myocardium. Elite pre-adolescent athletes are exposed to high-intensity training at a young age with little understanding of the physiological and clinical consequences. It is unclear how right ventricular (RV) structure and function may respond to this type of stimulus. The aim of this study was to compare RV structure and strain across the cardiac cycle and within individual segments in elite soccer players (SP) and controls (CON). Methods: Twenty-two highly trained, male pre-adolescent SP and 22 age-and sex-matched recreationally active individuals CON were investigated using 2D echocardiography, including myocardial speckle tracking to assess basal, mid-wall, apical and global longitudinal strain and strain rate during systole (SRS) and diastole (SRE and SRA). Results: greater RV cavity size was identified in the SP compared to CON (RVD1 SP: 32.3 ± 3.1 vs. CON: 29.6 ± 2.8 (mm/m2)0.5; p = 0.005). No inter-group differences were noted for peak global RV strain (SP: − 28.6 ± 4.9 vs CON: − 30.3 ± 4.0%, p = 0.11). Lower mid-wall strain was demonstrated in the SP compared to CON (SP: − 27.9 ± 5.8 vs. CON: − 32.2 ± 4.4%, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Soccer training has the potential to increase RV size in pre-adolescent players. The unique segmental analyses used in this study have identified inter-group differences that were masked by global strain evaluations. The clinical and physiological implications of these findings warrant further investigation.

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Owen, Adam L., Ryland Morgans, Ronan Kavanagh, and Leo Djaoui. "Salivary IgA and pre-training wellness status across an international soccer qualifying and finals campaign (Euro 2016)." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 794–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118779656.

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The aim of this investigation was to examine the salivary IgA (salivary immunoglobulin-A), RPE and pre-training wellness status across an international qualification and finals campaign. Data were collected for 37 elite male international soccer players (mean ± standard deviation, age: 24.9 ± 3.3 years; height: 182.5 ± 6 cm; mass: 73.1 ± 6.2 kg; positions: Goalkeeper, Center Defender, Wide Defender, Center Midfield, Wide Forward, and Center Forward) across two consecutive seasons. Training RPE, wellness questionnaire, and saliva samples were taken throughout the Euro 2016 qualifying and finals campaign. Results revealed how Readiness and Total Wellness (r = −0.28, p < 0.05) correlated to salivary immunoglobulin-A, in the day preceding games (MD−1). No correlation between wellness and salivary immunoglobulin-A was observed in MD−4; however, Energy correlated to salivary immunoglobulin-A between MD−3 and MD (from r = −0.18 to −0.22, p < 0.05), with significance observed between RPE and Total Wellness r = −0.22 (Total Wellness), r = −0.21 (Energy), r = −0.17 (Readiness), and r = −0.24 (Lower Body Soreness) (p < 0.05). It can be concluded from the data that all wellness markers except Sleep correlated to salivary immunoglobulin-A. Furthermore, it was revealed that Energy appeared to be the greatest wellness assessment marker related to salivary immunoglobulin-A. As a result of this specific investigation, it can be confirmed that the use of a pre-training subjective Wellness questionnaires may be a useful tool to monitor individual mucosal immunity response to training.

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Maybin, Colleen B. "Disrupting the status quo: Educating pre-service music teachers through culturally relevant pedagogy." Journal of Popular Music Education 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jpme_00007_1.

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Scholars theorizing in the area of social justice and music education argue that music has the potential to prepare students to engage in a society that cultivates personal freedom and democratic participation. The continued reliance on values and practices of Western art music within music teacher education has resulted in a disconnect between this discourse and professional practice. The status quo perpetuates conditions that limit accessibility, privilege western art music and maintain whiteness as ‘normal’. In this article, I suggest that this disconnection can be addressed by introducing culturally relevant pedagogy within music education training programmes. Culturally relevant pedagogy, focusing on reflexive practice and place-based education, requires pre-service music educators to think deeply about experiences of marginalized music education students and critically examine the values and beliefs they hold. Embedding the values of culturally relevant pedagogy within music education training creates space for music from different cultural contexts including popular music.

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Palasuwan, Attakorn, Daroonwan Suksom, Irène Margaritis, Suphan Soogarun, and Anne-Sophie Rousseau. "Effects of Tai Chi Training on Antioxidant Capacity in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women." Journal of Aging Research 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/234696.

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The risk of oxidative stress-related metabolic diseases increases with menopause and physical inactivity. We hypothesized that an 8-week Tai Chi (TC) training program (2 sessions in class; 2 sessions at home; 1-1:15/session) would improve antioxidant capacity and reduce cardiovascular risks in both pre- (n=8) and postmenopausal (n=7) sedentary women. Selected measures of physical fitness and blood parameters were analyzed before and after the program. Besides the well-known effects of TC on balance, flexibility, and maximum leg extensor strength, TC (1) increased erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity—an aerobic training-responsive antioxidant enzyme—and plasma total antioxidant status and (2) decreased plasma total homocysteine, a cardiovascular risk marker. In addition to being a low-velocity, low-impact, and relatively safe, TC is a suitable physical activity design for pre- and postmenopausal women to increase antioxidant defenses. Investigating breathing effects during TC movements would be an interesting area for further research in diseases prevention.

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Beqa Ahmeti, Gentiana, Kemal Idrizovic, Abdulla Elezi, Natasa Zenic, and Ljerka Ostojic. "Endurance Training vs. Circuit Resistance Training: Effects on Lipid Profile and Anthropometric/Body Composition Status in Healthy Young Adult Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041222.

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Background: Endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) are known to be effective in improving anthropometric/body composition and lipid panel indicators, but there is an evident lack of studies on differential effects of these two forms of physical exercise (PE). This study aimed to evaluate the differential effects of 8-week ET and RT among young adult women. Methods: Participants were women (n = 57; age: 23 ± 3 years; initial body height: 165 ± 6 cm; body mass: 66.79 ± 7.23 kg; BMI: 24.37 ± 2.57 kg/m2) divided into the ET group (n = 20), RT group (n = 19), and non-exercising control group (n = 18). All participants were tested for cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, glucose, and anthropometric/body composition (body mass, body mass index, skinfold measures, body fat %) at the beginning and at the end of the study. Over the 8 weeks, the ET group trained three times/week on a treadmill while the RT group participated in equal number of circuit weight training sessions. Both types of training were planned according to participants’ pre-study fitness status. Results: A two-factor analysis of variance for repeated measurements (“group” × “measurement”) revealed significant main effects for “measurement” in CRF. The “group × measurement” interaction was significant for CRF. The post-hoc analysis indicated significant improvements in CRF for RT and ET. No significant differential effects between RT and ET were evidenced. Conclusions: The results of this study evidence improvements of CRF in young adult women as a result of 8-week ET and RT. The lack of differential training-effects may be attributed to the fact that all participants underwent pre-study screening of their fitness status, which resulted in application of accurate training loads.

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Dey, Chayan C., Jurek G. Grabowski, Raghu Venugopal, and Michael J. VanRooyen. "Current Status of Disaster Response and Training among Emergency Medicine Residency Programs: Pre- and Post-September 11." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, S2 (December 2002): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00009699.

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Webb, Marquitta C., Sinead T. Salandy, and Safiya E. Beckford. "Monitoring hydration status pre- and post-training among university athletes using urine color and weight loss indicators." Journal of American College Health 64, no. 6 (April 19, 2016): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2016.1179195.

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Tofas, Tryfonas, Ioannis G. Fatouros, Dimitrios Draganidis, Chariklia K. Deli, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou, Charalambos Tziortzis, George Panayiotou, Yiannis Koutedakis, and Athanasios Z. Jamurtas. "Effects of Cardiovascular, Resistance and Combined Exercise Training on Cardiovascular, Performance and Blood Redox Parameters in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: An 8-Month Training-Detraining Randomized Intervention." Antioxidants 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030409.

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It is well-documented that chronic/regular exercise improves the cardiovascular function, decreases oxidative stress and enhances the antioxidant capacity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the chronic effects of different types of training and detraining on cardiovascular function and the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in these patients. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of cardiovascular, resistance and combined exercise training followed by a three-month detraining period, on cardiovascular function, physical performance and blood redox status parameters in CAD patients. Sixty coronary artery disease patients were randomly assigned to either a cardiovascular training (CVT, N = 15), resistance training (RT, N = 11), combined cardiovascular and resistance training (CT, N = 16) or a control (C, N = 15) group. The training groups participated in an 8-month supervised training program (training three days/week) followed by a 3-month detraining period, while the control group participated only in measurements. Body composition, blood pressure, performance-related variables (aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscle strength, flexibility) and blood redox status-related parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), catalase activity (CAT), protein carbonyls (PC)) were assessed at the beginning of the study, after 4 and 8 months of training as well as following 1, 2 and 3 months of detraining (DT). CVT induced the most remarkable and pronounced alterations in blood pressure (~9% reduction in systolic blood pressure and ~5% in diastolic blood pressure) and redox status since it had a positive effect on all redox-related variables (ranging from 16 to 137%). RT and CT training affected positively some of the assessed (TAC, CAT and PC) redox-related variables. Performance-related variables retained the positive response of the training, whereas most of the redox status parameters, for all training groups, restored near to the pre-exercise values at the end of the DT period. These results indicate that exercise training has a significant effect on redox status of CAD. Three months of detraining is enough to abolish the exercise-induced beneficial effects on redox status, indicating that for a better antioxidant status, exercise must be a lifetime commitment.

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Ko, Myoung Hwan, Byung Hyun Park, Woo Suk Chong, Sun Yeon Lee, Tae Kyu Kwon, and Jong Kwan Park. "Effect of Newly Developed Balance Training System in Patients with Stroke." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 1943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.1943.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of newly developed balance training system (I balance S®) in chronic hemiplegic patients. Thirty chronic (more than 6 months) hemiplegic patients who were capable of standing without assistive devices participated in this study. The study started with “pre-evaluation” such as Berg balance test (BBT), 10 m walking test (10mWT) and Functional reach test (FRT). After pre-evaluations, balance training was applied for 4 weeks. And then, three phases of post-evaluation were performed, just after (post 1), 1 week (post 2), and 4 weeks (post 3) after treatment. All subjects showed a significant improvement in BBT (52.19±3.87 (pre), 53.12±3.14 (post 1), 53.38±2.99 (post 2), 53.65±2.90 (post 3)), 10m WT (9.93±2.36 sec, 9.56±2.53 sec, 9.30±2.25 sec, 9.16±2.62 sec, respectively) and FRT (19.33±4.99 cm, 21.55±4.57 cm, 21.98±4.69 cm, 21.83±4.84 cm, respectively) after training compared to the status before training. The hemiplegic patients trained by I balance S® showed a significant improvement in BBT, 10mWT and FRT after training. In addition, this effect lasted for 4 weeks. Therefore, newly developed balance training system (I balance S®) is considered to be a useful tool for balance training of chronic hemiplegic patients.

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Bradbury, Daisy, Lorna Porcellato, Hannah Timpson, Gillian Turner, Shirley Goodhew, Ruth Young, Nabil Isaac, and Paula M. Watson. "Multiple stakeholder views of pre-school child weight management practices: A mixed-methods study." Health Education Journal 78, no. 7 (May 8, 2019): 798–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919848019.

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Objective: With the increasing prevalence of unhealthy weight status in pre-school children, this study sought to understand pre-school child weight management practices in Blackburn with Darwen, UK, with a view to informing appropriate intervention strategies. Design: Mixed-methods study (semi-structured interviews, quantitative survey). Setting: Urban–rural borough with high ethnic diversity in the North West of England. Methods: Phase 1 involved 15 semi-structured interviews with public health/service managers, health professionals and children’s centre staff to explore current pre-school weight management practices, challenges and perceived training needs. Phase 2 involved a quantitative survey of multi-disciplinary health professionals ( n = 30) who work with pre-school children. Data were analysed thematically and perceived challenges organised into individual, interpersonal and organisational levels of the socio-ecological model. Results: Current pre-school child weight management practices appeared to be inconsistent, and staff were unable to locate clear protocols or referral pathways. Challenges most commonly related to individual family factors (e.g. families not perceiving child’s weight status to be a problem) and organisational factors (e.g. lack of time). Perceived training needs differed between professions and included body mass index calculation and interpretation, weight-related communication and pre-school nutrition/physical activity guidelines. Conclusion: Inconsistencies in practice and a lack of clear pathways limited pre-school child weight management practices in Blackburn with Darwen. Although many challenges were attributed as external to the individual, potential steps to help practitioners cope with these demands are outlined.

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Payne, P. V., and W. K. Halford. "Social Skills Training with Chronic Schizophrenic Patients Living in Community Settings." Behavioural Psychotherapy 18, no. 1 (January 1990): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300017985.

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Six patients meeting DSM III criteria for schizophrenia, residual phase who lived in community hostels underwent social skills training. The training programme utilized was “Stacking the Deck” developed by Foxx et al. which involves a structured board game incorporating modelling, behaviour and feedback. A multiple baseline across subject design was used to assess acquisition of targeted social behaviours in the training settings. Generalization of skills to a community setting was assessed by a structured interaction in the patients' homes at pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up. All subjects improved their social skills in the training setting, the improvement showed partial but weak generalization to the community setting, with some gains maintained to a three-month follow-up. Pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up measures of general social skills and psychiatric status indicated improvements for some of the subjects. The results suggest this approach has promise for achieving clinically significant change with chronic schizophrenic patients, but that strategies to enhance generalization of training effects are needed.

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Drury, Benjamin, Thomas Green, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, and Jason Moran. "Influence of Maturation Status on Eccentric Hamstring Strength Improvements in Youth Male Soccer Players After the Nordic Hamstring Exercise." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0184.

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Purpose: This study examined the effects of a 6-week Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) program in youth male soccer players of less mature (pre–peak height velocity [PHV]) or more mature (mid/post-PHV) status. Methods: Forty-eight participants were separated into pre-PHV (11.0 [0.9] y) or mid/post-PHV (13.9 [1.1]) groups and further divided into experimental (EXP) and control groups with eccentric hamstring strength assessed (NordBord) both before and after the training program. Participants in the EXP groups completed a periodized NHE program performed once or twice weekly over a 6-week period. Results: The NHE program resulted in moderate and small increases in relative eccentric hamstring strength (in newtons per kilogram) in the pre-PHV EXP (d = 0.83 [0.03–1.68]) and mid-PHV EXP (d = 0.53 [−0.06 to 1.12]) groups, respectively. Moderate increases in the same measure were also seen in the between-groups analyses in the pre-PHV (d = 1.03 [0.23–1.84]) and mid-PHV (d = 0.87 [0.22–1.51]) groups, with a greater effect observed in the former. Conclusion: The results from this study demonstrate that a 6-week NHE program can improve eccentric hamstring strength in male youth soccer players, with less-mature players achieving mostly greater benefits. The findings from this study can aid in the training prescription of NHE in youth male soccer players.

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Lv, Ci Xian, and Fei Fan Ye. "Research and Practice of a Talent Cultivation Scheme for Industrial Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.743.

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Currently both Science & Engineering students and Art students are recruited by the major of Industrial Design at colleges and universities. This paper attempts to analyze their differences and similarities in terms of the student sources, theory and practice teaching system and employment status by a three-phase research, including pre-training, in-training and post-training. Based on the research results, a talent cultivation scheme is proposed for training of creative, contemporary and practical industrial designers, whereby the major has to combine the technique education with the aesthetic education, so as to establish a scientific and complete system of both theory and practice training.

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Kusparlina, Eny Pemilu. "Pengaruh Pelatihan Terhadap Pengetahuan tentang Gizi Buruk dan Inter-Professional Collaboration Petugas Puskesmas." 2-TRIK: TUNAS-TUNAS RISET KESEHATAN 11, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/2trik11214.

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The problem of nutritional status is very complex, requiring treatment involving a health nutritionist. The nutritional status of children is one of the important things to prepare a quality generation. Health education in the form of training is expected to be able to change the collaborative competences of health workers across professions. This study aims to analyze the effect of training on knowledge of health workers about malnutrition and cross-professional collaboration. The researcher used a mix-methods approach with triangulation techniques using a questionnaire for the qualitative stage by conducting content analysis, while in the quantitative stage the researcher used a pre-experimental design with a "one group pre and post test" design, then the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and paired samples-t test. The results of the content analysis informed that the training had gone well and was able to increase the participants' knowledge. The statistical test results showed that the mean knowledge of nutrition before training was 4.50, while after training was 4.467. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that the p value = 0.586 (> 0.05), so it can be interpreted that there is no difference in knowledge about nutrition between before and after training. Meanwhile, the average knowledge about collaboration before training was 8.75 and after training was 10.67. The results of the paired samples t-test showed a value of p = 0.008 (0,05), sehingga dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan pengetahuan tentang gizi antara sebelum dengan setelah pelatihan. Sedangkan rerata pengetahuan tentang kolaborasi sebelum pelatihan adalah 8,75 dan setelah pelatihan adalah 10,67. Hasil Wilcoxon test menunjukkan nilai p = 0,008 (

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Kemper, Kathi J., and Jonathan Yun. "Group Online Mindfulness Training." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 20, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587214553306.

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Mindfulness-based stress reduction training is attractive, but training with an expert teacher is often inconvenient and costly. This proof-of-concept project assessed the feasibility of providing a hybrid of free online mindfulness-based stress reduction training with small group peer facilitation. Six medical students asked a family medicine resident with 5 years of meditation experience but no formal training as a teacher to facilitate 8 weekly group sessions using a free online mindfulness-based stress reduction course. They completed pre- and posttraining questionnaires online. Six of the 7 trainees completed at least half the sessions. Completers and noncompleters had similar age (29 years), gender (about half male), and health status. Changes in the expected direction were observed for perceived stress, mindfulness, resilience, and confidence in providing calm, compassionate care. The hybrid of online mindfulness-based stress reduction training with peer support is feasible. Additional research is warranted to formally evaluate the impact of this approach.

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Carter, Rebecca, Molly Silber, Lindsay Weiss, Salma Sharaf, Yan Wang, and Erin Hager. "Effect of Child Overweight/Obesity Didactic Session on Resident Confidence and Detection." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1984036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19840360.

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Objective. To evaluate the impact of an obesity didactic session for pediatric physicians on confidence in counseling and identified overweight/obesity and follow-up recommendations. Methods. Pediatric residents underwent training and completed pre/post online surveys evaluating confidence in obesity prevention and identification. A booster training occurred 1 year later. Pre-/post-training scores were compared using χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests. Electronic medical records data for patients ≥3 years with BMI-for-age percentile ≥85 during 3 months prior/following the training/booster compared frequency of overweight/obesity identification and follow-up recommendations (≤3 months recommended vs longer) using logistic regression adjusting for age and overweight/obese status. Results. Post trainings, improvements in confidence to define/screen for obesity were observed, with a decline between trainings. Overweight/obese identification and follow-up time recommendations improved post-training (identification: 14.2% to 27.4%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54-6.51; follow-up: 48.9% to 58.9%, aOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.01-2.64), aOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.10-2.85, and identification remained stable/above pre-training rates both pre-/post-booster (25.8%, aOR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.53-6.45; and 22.1%, aOR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.25-5.30, respectively). Recommended follow-up time rates continued to rise when measured pre-booster (60.6%, aOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.10-2.85), then declined (46.0%, aOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.60-1.52). Conclusion. This didactic session improved resident confidence in defining/screening, identification of overweight/obesity and follow-up recommendations; however, rates of identification remained low. The successes of this intervention support similar didactic sessions in residency programs and identifies opportunities for improved resident/attending education.

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Palmer, Wendy, Danielle Henderson, Barbara Stahnke, Katherine Shary, Trisha Hardy, and Jean A. Welsh. "Evaluating the Impact of Training in Obesity Prevention Methods on the Counseling, Knowledge, and Skills of WIC Nutritionists in Georgia, 2014-2015." Public Health Reports 132, no. 2_suppl (November 2017): 16S—23S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917730332.

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Objectives: Motivational interviewing, a client-centered intervention method focused on enhancing intrinsic motivation for behavior change, shows a positive impact on children’s weight status (ie, stabilizing or slowing down weight gain as a child grows). We evaluated the impact of a training program on knowledge and adoption of evidence-based obesity prevention counseling strategies among counselors from Georgia’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Methods: Between July 2014 and September 2015, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta’s Strong4Life program provided 388 WIC counselors in Georgia with a 2-hour training session on motivational interviewing, patient-centered counseling, and goal setting for obesity prevention. We evaluated the training using (1) self-administered pre- and post-training surveys that assessed knowledge of counseling strategies, (2) post-training observation of counseling interactions, and (3) a review of behavior change goal quality pre- and post-training in a random sample of 200 WIC client charts. Results: In a comparison of pre-training knowledge with immediate post-training knowledge among 388 counselors, 81% vs 91% ( P < .001) knew that, to be effective, goals must be important to clients, and 66% vs 94% ( P < .001) knew the 5 A’s (assess, advise, agree, assist, arrange) of counseling. Knowledge improvements were sustained at 3 months post-training. We observed no improvements in the quality of chart-documented behavior goals. Conclusions: WIC nutrition counselors in Georgia were aware of evidence-based counseling strategies but did not consistently apply them. The training program was helpful, but time and additional support are needed to adopt new practices.

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Rahmawati, Rahmawati, Niken Widyastuti Hariati, Icha Dian Nurcahyani, and Fitri Wahyuni. "PENYULUHAN DAN PELATIHAN KADER POSYANDU SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN WAWASAN PELAYANAN GIZI BAGI MASYARAKAT." JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) 2, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v2i1.1334.

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Abstrak: Peran aktif kader kesehatan dipelayanan gizi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan status gizi masyarakat terutama kesehatan ibu dan anak. Aktif tidaknya kader tersebut tergantung dari pengetahuan kader Posyandu. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan kader posyandu agar lebih meningkatkan wawasan tentang pelayanan gizi di posyandu. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yaitu tahap persiapan (observasi), tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap evaluasi. Tahap awal dilakukan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan kuesioner (pre-test). Tahap inti dilakukan penyuluhan tentang 5 meja posyandu, MP ASI, PMT penyuluhan dan pemulihan, GTM, kemudian pelatihan pengisian KMS dan cara membaca grafik KMS, serta cara melakukan pengukuran status gizi yang baik dan benar. Tahap akhir dilakukan evaluasi melalui tanya jawab dan post-test untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman kader posyandu setelah penyuluhan. Hasil pre-test rata-rata pengetahuan kader sebesar 57.8 % dan post-test sebesar 73.3%. Hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan kader meningkat setelah diberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan.Abstract: The active role of health cadre in nutritional care is very important to improve the quality and nutritional status of the community especially maternal and child health. Active or not active the cadre is dependent on the knowledge of Posyandu cadres. This activity aimed to provide counseling and training Posyandu cadres to improve the knowledge of nutritional care in the Posyandu. The dedication activities were conducted through several stages namely the preparation stage (observation), the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The first stage was data collection through interviews and questionnaires (pre test). The core stage was carried out counseling about of five Posyandu table, MP ASI, PMT extension and recovery, GTM, then the training of filling KMS and how to read KMS charts, as well as how to perform the measurement of good and correct nutritional status. The final stage was evaluated through the question and answer post-test to know the level of understanding Posyandu cadres after counseling. The results of pre test average cadre knowledge of 57.8% and post test of 73.3%. The results could be concluded that cadre knowledge increased after being given counseling and training.

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Arede, Jorge, Sean Cumming, David Johnson, and Nuno Leite. "The effects of maturity matched and un-matched opposition on physical performance and spatial exploration behavior during youth basketball matches." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0249739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249739.

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The aim of this study was analyze the effect of playing against biological matched and un-matched opposition, on physical performance and spatial exploration behavior of youth basketball players. Thirty under-14 to 16 basketball players were assigned to different teams according to maturity status (Pre-, Mid-, and Post-Peak Height Velocity [PHV]), and participated in basketball matches against matched (same maturity status), and un-matched (different maturity status) opposition. Maturity status was estimated considering the percentage of predicted adult height. Workload data was collected via inertial devices (IMUs) and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB)-based system. Heart rate was recorded with individual HR monitors. The Pre-PHV performed significantly more accelerations and decelerations and explored more space against matched opposition. Against un-matched opposition, the Pre-PHV presented higher average speed, body impacts, and Player Load. Both Mid- and Post-PHV covered more distance against matched opposition than against Pre-PHV. Games against Pre-PHV involved lower distance covered, average speed, Player Load, and higher accelerations and decelerations, than against Mid- and Post-PHV. The Pre-PHV athletes performed a higher number of accelerations and decelerations comparing to the Mid and Post-PHV players. Also, a significant interaction effect (group x time) was found in distance covered, average speed, body impacts, and Player Load. The type of opposition influenced physical performance and spatial exploration behavior during basketball matches, particularly of less-mature players. Based on present findings, practitioners can select the most suitable game format, considering the physical, technical, tactical, and psychological development needs, individualizing training stimulus.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-training status'

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