Journal articles on the topic 'PRE-REQUISITE TECHNIQUES'
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1
Khan, Arif, Saiful Islam, and Muhammad Alam. "The role of political opposition: A pre-requisite for democracy." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 2, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.6.
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No doubt for a democracy to be triumphant, multi-party system or, at least two party systems is obligatory. A country where there is one party system and lack observant and efficient opposition there are every chances for the incumbent party to become autocratic and domineering. One party system is most of the times susceptible to transform into dictatorship. Most of the times where there is one party system, the opposition is stifled and trampled and the dictatorship of the single party is established. Germany during Hitler’s rule and Italy during Mussoloni rule are the cases in point. One cannot imagine of a democratic set up without a healthy and watchful opposition. For the success of any parliamentary democracy, an effective opposition is must to carry out its functions courageously and effectively. The paper analyses the rights, responsibilities and obligations of opposition in a democratic system. For this purpose, the techniques adopted by the researcher for data collection include a detailed survey of the available literature covering different aspects of the topic. The internationally reputed authors and experts have been quoted. It is for the government to allow the opposition to fulfil their functions, which indicates a sign of democratic maturity on the part of government. The opposition has to focus on its democratic functions and if it fails to do so, it will be a sign of dysfunctional democracy.
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Mangla, Pooja, and Sandip Kr Goyal. "Performance Analysis of Various Meta-Heuristic Based Load Balancing in Cloud Computing." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 3770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8248.
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Today one of the new and emerging technologies is Cloud Computing, which denotes to operating, organizing, and retrieving the services over the internet. It is the pre-requisite of IT services on the Internet. In this, Load balancing is the issue region of Cloud Computing, which has a noteworthy effect for characterizing the resource accessibility. In this, Meta-heuristic techniques are applied on Load Balancing in Cloud Computing and their results are shown.
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Quaye, R. "IMPACT OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE AS A PRE-REQUISITE FOR ETHNIC INTEGRATION IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA." Social Science and Law Journal of Policy Review and Development Strategies 8, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ssljprds.v8.i1.11.
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The study assessed the impact of indigenous language as a pre-requisite for ethnic integration in Osun State, Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey research design where questionnaire was used to acquire necessary data for the research work. Population comprises of all primary schools in Ayedade Local Government, Osun State. Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select ten (10) primary schools in Ayedade Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. Fifteen (15) teachers were randomly selected from each of the chosen school to make a total of one hundred and fifty (150) teachers as sample for the study. Two (2) research hypotheses were raised and tested in this study. Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha. The statistical techniques were employed to analyze the data in order to test the hypotheses, Mean, Standard deviation, t-ratio. The research findings concluded that the use of indigenous languages is central to the holistic development of any nation and the issue of indigenous languages be handled with total commitment and seriousness. It was further revealed that, local language is the pride of any Nation’s development that promote cultural heritage so as not to go into extinction. The paper therefore recommended that, a body of committed linguists be set up in Nigeria and that amendment of National Policy on Education be done to integrate the use of indigenous language for teaching-learning purposes across all levels of education in Nigeria and Nigerian indigenous languages should be made official languages at state levels while maintaining English language as the official language at the federal level.
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Mamun, Quazi, Rafiqul Islam, and Mohammed Kaosar. "Secured Communication Key Establishment for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2015010103.
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The resource-constraint nature of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has caused the security one of biggest challenges. An efficient key management scheme is the pre-requisite to ensure security in WSN. In this paper the authors present two versions of a secured key management scheme adopted on cluster-based topology of sensor network. The proposed schemes use partial key pre-distribution and symmetric cryptography techniques, and shows high resilience to different security attacks. Whereas one version of the proposed protocol uses shared partial keys in a cluster, the other version uses private partial keys. Both versions of the proposed key management scheme outperform other random key pre- distribution protocols in the sense that it requires lower space, lower communication overhead and offers very high session key candidates.
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D. Crabtree, John, and Xihui "Paul" Zhang. "Recognizing and Managing Complexity: Teaching Advanced Programming Concepts and Techniques Using the Zebra Puzzle." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 14 (2015): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2263.
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Teaching advanced programming can be a challenge, especially when the students are pursuing different majors with diverse analytical and problem-solving capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the efficacy of using a particular problem as a vehicle for imparting a broad set of programming concepts and problem-solving techniques. We present a classic brain teaser that is used to communicate and demonstrate advanced software development concepts and techniques. Our results show that students with varied academic experiences and goals, assuming at least one procedural/structured programming pre-requisite, can benefit from and also be challenged by such an exercise. Although this problem has been used by others in the classroom, we believe that our use of this problem in imparting such a broad range of topics to a diverse student population is unique.
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Aboagye, Gabriel Kwesi, and Hassana Ahmed. "Teacher participatory decision-making in schools: A pre-requisite for democratic governance in Ghanaian second cycle educational institutions." Journal of Educational Development and Practice 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jedp.v3i.947.
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Participatory decision-making in schools has been identified as a key tool for improving teachers* professional development. However, not much has been done in terms of scientific research to find out the nature, level and areas of teacher participation in making school decisions. Therefore, this study sought to establish the areas and ways of involving Senior High School teachers in decision-making in schools in the Mampong Municipality. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The purposive and stratified sampling techniques were adopted to select the participants for the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 252 randomly selected professional teachers. It was observed from the study that teachers were always involved in curriculum and instructional activities and occasionally engaged in school operational activities and decisions that promoted school-community relationship. However, teachers were never involved in decision making on student admission and placement, staffing and financial matters. Teachers were involved in school decision-making through delegation, school meeting, school Board of Governors, and school committee systems. It is, therefore, recommended that the heads of schools should decentralise decision-making in their schools to allow greater teachers’ involvement in decision-making.
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Vileiniskis, Tomas, and Rita Butkiene. "Applying Semantic Role Labeling and Spreading Activation Techniques for Semantic Information Retrieval." Information Technology And Control 49, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.49.2.24985.
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Semantically enhanced information retrieval (IR) is aimed at improving classical IR methods and goes way beyond plain Boolean keyword matching with the main goal of better serving implicit and ambiguous information needs. As a de-facto pre-requisite to semantic IR, different information extraction (IE) techniques are used to mine unstructured text for underlying knowledge. In this paper we present a method that combines both IE and IR to enable semantic search in natural language texts. First, we apply semantic role labeling (SRL) to automatically extract event-oriented information found in natural language texts to an RDF knowledge graph leveraging semantic web technology. Second, we investigate how a custom flavored graph traversal spreading activation algorithm can be employed to interpret user’s information needs on top of the prior-extracted knowledge base. Finally, we present an assessment on the applicability of our method for semantically enhanced IR. An experimental evaluation on partial WikiQA dataset shows the strengths of our approach and also unveils common pitfalls that we use as guidelines to draw further work directions in the open-domain semantic search field.
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Smith, David G. "A New Form of Water Quality Index for Rivers and Streams." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0038.
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To assist in the dissemination of water quality information to lay-people in particular, four suitability-for-use water quality indexes have been developed. The water uses are: General, Bathing, Supply, and Fish Spawning although in the Bathing and Supply Indexes protection of aquatic life is also considered. To ensure that they tell us something useful and do not ‘hide' important information as current indexing systems tend to do, the Minimum Operator has been employed as the sub-index aggregation mechanism. This is a robust, sensible, and flexible method and seems more appropriate for this type of index than the more commonly used techniques (e.g. additive and multiplicative). Index development has been keyed into proposed New Zealand water legislation although this is not a pre-requisite for their use.
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Groot, C. K., W. B. P. van den Broek, J. Loewenberg, N. Koeman-Stein, M. Heidekamp, and W. de Schepper. "Mild desalination of various raw water streams." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 3 (May 13, 2015): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.228.
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For chemical industries, fresh water availability is a pre-requisite for sustainable operation. However, in many delta areas around the world, fresh water is scarce. Therefore, the E4Water project (www.e4water.eu) comprises a case study at the Dow site in Terneuzen, The Netherlands, which is designed to develop commercial applications for mild desalination of brackish raw water streams from various origins to enable reuse in industry or agriculture. This study describes an effective two-stage work process, which was used to narrow down a broad spectrum of desalination technologies to a selection of the most promising techniques for a demonstration pilot at 2–4 m³/hour. Through literature study, laboratory experiments and multi-criteria analysis, nanofiltration and electrodialysis reversal were selected, both having the potential to attain the objectives of E4Water at full scale.
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D’Emilia, Giulio, Antonella Gaspari, Emanuela Natale, and Davide Ubaldi. "Uncertainty Evaluation in Vision-Based Techniques for the Surface Analysis of Composite Material Components." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144875.
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In this paper, a methodology is discussed concerning the measurement of yarn’s angle of two different glass-reinforced polypropylene matrix materials, widely used in the production of automotive components. The measurement method is based on a vision system and image processing techniques for edge detection. Measurements of angles enable, if accurate, both useful suggestions for process optimization to be made, and the reliable validation of the simulation results of the thermoplastic process. Therefore, uncertainty evaluation of angle measurement is a mandatory pre-requisite. If the image acquisition and processing is considered, many aspects influence the whole accuracy of the method; the most important have been identified and their effects evaluated with reference to two different materials, which present different optical-type characteristics. The influence of piece geometry has also been taken into account, carrying out measurements on flat sheets and on a semi-spherical object, which is a reference standard shape, to verify the effect of thermoforming and to tune the process parameters. Complete uncertainty in the order of a few degrees has been obtained, which is satisfactory for purposes of simulation validation and consequent process optimization. The uncertainty budget also allowed individuation of the most relevant causes of uncertainty for measurement process improvement.
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Vardhan, Rigvendra Kumar, T. Selvathai, Rajaseeli Reginald, and P. Sivakumar. "Modelling of Multi Inductor based Balancing of Battery Pack for Electrical Mobility." Defence Science Journal 69, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.14418.
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The pre requisite for success of electrical mobility is driven by development of battery technologies. Reliable performance of electrical mobility necessitates for high energy density battery packs. The advent of Li ion cell chemistry revolutionised the electric and hybrid vehicle advancement due to its high energy density, lighter weight and wide range of temperature performance. Higher operating voltages of the battery are achieved by configuration of the cells in series and parallel combinations. The performance of these battery packs are affected by operating temperature and imperfections in manufacturability which causes mismatches in cell impedance, cell potential and state of charge (SOC) imbalance. These performance issues are overcome by cell and battery balancing techniques. In this paper, a dynamic battery pack balancing circuit by using multi inductor with SOC based logic controller for both cell and battery balancing are presented. The battery pack balancing performances during static, charging, discharging conditions are analysed.
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Deemua, G. A. "Managing Male And Female Athletes For Increased Sports Performance In Public Universities In Rivers State." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (July 3, 2020): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8469.
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For any organistion to survive, it must depend on the good welfare package which such organization has for the staff and students inclusive. Managing student-athletes behaviours pre-requisite for increased sports performance at the university level. However, in recent times, university administrators have not been giving attention to properly managed and prepare their athletes for national and international competitives. These problems like inadequate funding, lack of facility and training equipment, poor training programmes, poor motivational techniques and, lack of incentives have been attributed to over management of athletes’ behaviour which has affected the performance of athletes. Parents, coaches and stakeholders in the sports industry need to play as stronger educational and supervisory role so that these young athletes will be able to acquire both physical and intellectual-skills which will enable them to live well and help in the development of the society.
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Rajakala and Sampath Kumar. "SOCIAL SUPPORT AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI EDUCATIONAL REVENUE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 12 (January 31, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i12.2015.2889.
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Teachers’ role in society in general and in education has been changing with time but the importance of this position is same. The teacher is the pre-requisite of the success of educational programmes. The main quality of teacher is the positive attitude towards education.One of the effective factors on job satisfaction is perceived social support by individuals. One of the psychological concepts that have been introduced by scientists of educational science is social support. It was among the basic needs of human beings throughout the history.Data were collected from70 males and 312 female teachersworking in both rural and urban schools in Tiruchirappalli revenue district using systematic random sampling techniques. The results reveal that there is no relationship between social economic variables (gender, age, and education) and social support; however marital status and income are positively associated with social support. The results further expose that social economic variables (age and education)are negatively linked with job satisfaction. Hence,better social support and higher job satisfaction of teachers.
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Morgan, Marcus. "Performance and Power in Social Movements: Biko’s Role as a Witness in the SASO/BPC Trial." Cultural Sociology 12, no. 4 (February 28, 2018): 456–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975517752586.
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This article provides a case study of the relationship between performance and power in social movements. It reveals how movements are able to reiterate established cultures of resistance across time and space through performative means. It also shows how – given requisite stage settings and skilful actors – methods of performance allow movements to subvert established structures of domination to their political advantage. It does this through focussing on Steve Biko’s role as a defence witness in an apartheid-era political trial of leaders of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM). It demonstrates how, within the courtroom setting, Biko and the defendants improvised upon various pre-established codes, scripts, and dramatic techniques, augmenting the likelihood that their performances would resonate successfully with their audiences. In addition, it shows how Biko and the defendants used social performance to subvert many of apartheid’s established culture structures, enabling them not only to explicitly articulate the principles of BC philosophy, but also to implicitly embody and act them out.
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Yarra, Rajesh, Longfei Jin, Zhihao Zhao, and Hongxing Cao. "Progress in Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation of Oil Palm: An Overview." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215353.
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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is a prominent vegetable-oil-yielding crop. Cultivating high-yielding oil palm with improved traits is a pre-requisite to meet the increasing demands of palm oil consumption. However, tissue culture and biotechnological approaches can resolve these concerns. Over the past three decades, significant research has been carried out to develop tissue culture and genetic transformation protocols for oil palm. Somatic embryogenesis is an efficient platform for the micropropagation of oil palm on a large scale. In addition, various genetic transformation techniques, including microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated, Polyethylene glycol mediated mediated, and DNA microinjection, have been developed by optimizing various parameters for the efficient genetic transformation of oil palm. This review mainly emphasizes the methods established for in vitro propagation and genetic transformation of oil palm. Finally, we propose the application of the genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 to improve the various traits in this oil yielding crop.
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Hacker, RB. "An evaluation of range regeneration programmes in Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 11, no. 2 (1989): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9890089.
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Range regeneration programmes and related research are reviewed for three major project areas - the Ord River Catchment, the Fitzroy River Frontage and the Winter Rainiall Arid Zone. Successful regeneration techniques are well established for the Ord River Catchment although the ongoing management of treated areas presents a number of difficulties. Regeneration techniques for the Fitzroy Frontage have not been firmly established but, if economically justifiable, are likely to involve water ponding and the amelioration of soil conditions by organic mulch accumulation. It is argued that extension of the water ponding principle to areas of higher slope than those on which the technique is normally used is likely to be an important component of the development of regeneration procedures in the arid zone. Experience in all three environments suggests that a number of principles apply generally. Control of grazing by native and feral animals is a pre-requisite for successful regeneration in any environment. The rate of response to regeneration treatments seems to be inversely related to the degree of degradation suggesting that less severely degraded areas are likely to provide the best economic return from regeneration programmes. Processes of ecological succession seem important in all regeneration activities in the rangelands and cannot be entirely bypassed by cultural intervention.
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Moses, Sharon K. "FORENSIC ART AND ANTHROPOLOGY." Practicing Anthropology 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.43.3.16.
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Abstract Forensic artists must overcome ingrained ideas of what the human face “should” look like in order to learn how to draw it realistically. Ironically, those ingrained images and perceptions tucked away in our minds present the biggest obstacles to realism. As a teacher of a forensic art class in anthropology at Northern Arizona University, I encounter students of varying degrees of artistic ability and background. I do not require that students have pre-requisite courses in art before taking my course because I believe that any student can learn to draw faces more realistically if they apply some basic forensic art techniques used in composite sketching combined with an understanding of facial anatomy. This article is about teaching Northern Arizona University students forensic art drawing methods, but it is also about the lesser-known aspect of doing composite sketches, such as applying cultural understanding and sensitivity when interviewing traumatized witnesses and survivors of crime. The result is a very holistic approach to composite sketching rather than a purely technical one.
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Alqahtani, Fayez Hussain, and Ibrahim Abunadi. "Participating in the Enterprise Web 2.0 Platform." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 28, no. 3 (July 2016): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2016070103.
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The incorporation of Enterprise Web 2.0 technologies has been very important to various business organisations and institutions. This is because these technologies possess social and collaborative features that allow employees to communicate collaborate and share knowledge more effectively. Despite the importance of Enterprise Web 2.0, its application faces challenges, chief among them being employee resistance. In order for organisations to successfully implement these social and collaborative technologies within the workplace, employee involvement is necessary. Since Enterprise Web 2.0 technologies are group-based applications, the development of trust is a pre-requisite for group communication and engagement over this social medium. This research therefore explores the role of trust in users' adoption of, and participation in, Enterprise Web 2.0 technologies. In this research, a qualitative approach using focus groups and interviews as data collection techniques was used. The study found that there was an inherent level of user trust due to the transparency of Enterprise Web 2.0, the moderating role of the community, and the professionalism of the workplace environment.
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CH, Sri Prakash. "An Fundamental Current Reference Control Strategy for DSTATCOM under Various Load Situations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp606-616.
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Effort for power quality enhancement is gradually raised in power transmission and distribution system. In a distribution system, it is a pre-requisite consumer related concern which is addressed by evading the mis-operation of massive power electronic load apparatus. Due to this, voltage/current harmonic distortions are acquired at common coupling point, which influences the disruption of quality power in a distribution system. A reliable and efficient active power conditioner is utilized for acquiring the power quality features in a three phase distribution system with attractive control objective. Over the classical conditioning techniques, a D-STATCOM plays a key role in a distribution system for power quality enhancement. Formal control objectives are adversed with incredible switching losses due to extreme harmonized frequencies in a reference current component. This paper proposes the imperative reference current extraction scheme for optimal functioning of DSTATCOM with reduced switching losses and gaining the incredible efficiency. The validation of DSTATCOM with proposed control strategy under several load situations (linear/non-linear & balanced/un-balanced) is evaluated by using Matlab/Simulink platform and simulation results are conferred.
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Jeganath, K., and Raviprakash Y. "Near-optimal composition of CZTS thin film via exploration of copper and thiourea molar concentration in spray pyrolysis technique." Materials Research Express 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 116404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac343e.
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Abstract Attaining the optimal composition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film is a pre-requisite for photovoltaic application. Herein, the near-optimal composition of spray pyrolyzed CZTS thin film has been obtained by varying copper and thiourea molar concentrations in the precursor solution. Different characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been employed to determine the changes in absorber layer properties. The CZTS thin films synthesized using Cu-0.016 M exhibits higher crystallinity with the direct band gap of 1.52 eV. Apart from that, the reduction of copper molar concentration in precursor solution minimizes the segregation of surface secondary phase. The variation of thiourea molar concentration facilities the growth of CZTS and reduces the formation of secondary phases. Besides that, the optical studies revealed that the increment in thiourea molar concentration leads to a broadening of band gap from 1.52 eV to 1.61 eV. The CZTS thin films synthesized using copper and thiourea molar concentrations of 0.016 M and 0.12 M showed appropriate absorber layer properties with near-optimal Cu-poor and Zn-rich ratio i.e., Cu/(Zn+Sn) = 0.81 and Zn/Sn = 1.26.
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Cai, Li Gang, Shi Ming Ma, Zhi Feng Liu, Qiang Cheng, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "On Obtaining Dynamic and Static Characteristics of Heavy Load Deflection Angle Milling Head by CAE and Experiment Techniques." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.771.
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The heavy load deflection angle milling head is an important functional component of 5-axis CNC machine tool, which is used for large and complex free-form surface processing. The characteristics of this kind of milling head are implementing multiple degrees of freedom motion with revolution and deflection angle simultaneously. Obtaining milling head dynamic and static characteristics is a pre-requisite problem to resolve for the development and research of heavy load deflection angle milling head independently. Dynamic characteristics are obtained through combination with CAE (Computer-aided Engineering) technique and experiment validation. For CAE analysis, the main parts of milling head are glued together considering milling head operating at a specific position. Experimental validation is carried through with initial fixing constraint style, which validates the correctness of CAE technique. Experimental and CAE analysis results are compared and analyzed. Therefore, exact dynamic characteristics of milling head and unsubstantial segments and its influence factors are gotten. Static characteristic is obtained considering milling head operating in different posture by CAE technique. The analytical method of three points at half of cutter are loaded is introduced. Calculated results indicate that the deformation of tool tip is the largest when milling head operating in 45° posture, which corresponds with the deformation situation of the milling head operating in workshop. The analytical results of dynamic and static characteristics of milling head provide theoretical and experimental support for structure optimization and improving of heavy load deflection angle milling head.
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Scaioni, M., A. Malekian, and D. Fugazza. "TECHNIQUES FOR COMPARING MULTI-TEMPORAL ARCHIVE AERIAL IMAGERY FOR GLACIER MONITORING WITH POOR GROUND CONTROL." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-1-2023 (April 21, 2023): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-1-2023-293-2023.
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Abstract. The measurement of geometric changes in Alpine glaciers is an essential aspect to assess their reaction to climate change effects. Archive aerial images may integrate valuable information to this purpose at times when other types of remotely sensed data are not available. The application of photogrammetric techniques such as Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View-Stereo matching allows the extraction of dense point clouds to model the glacier environment. The comparison of multiple datasets requires to setup a stable reference system, a task that in archive photos is generally carried out by means of ground control points (GCPs). This paper would like to propose and assess some techniques to cope with the lack of ground control. Multitemporal SfM (MSfM) is presented and tested on a dataset including six different aerial blocks collected by means of analogue (PAN/RGB) and digital airborne cameras from 1967 to 2006. These images have been downloaded from the IGNF online repository and cover the area of the Val Veny (Brenva and Miage glaciers) in the Mount Blanc massif, at the border between Italy and France. Coupled with other solutions (i.e., extraction of GCPs from maps and DTMs and ICP co-registration of point clouds), MSfM has revealed as a suitable technique for coregistration of multiple photogrammetric blocks of aerial photos with minimum ground control. Some tests carried out in the case study area demonstrated that the integration of MSfM and ICP coregistration for refinement may significantly improve the comparison between multiple point clouds, which is a fundamental pre-requisite for the analysis of glacier changes over time.
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Hartcher, Michael G., and Rezaul K. Chowdhury. "An alternative method for estimating total impervious area in catchments using high-resolution colour aerial photography." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.053.
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Estimation of total impervious area (TIA) is a pre-requisite for ecohydrological research to allow for a direct prediction on stream ecosystem health within catchments. This paper presents an alternative to using multi-spectral imagery for estimating TIA at a catchment scale, by using high-resolution colour aerial photography. The method was applied to a number of catchments in South East Queensland, Australia, some of which were gauged and some of which were part of an Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP). The results from this method were compared to TIA estimates, for some of the same catchments, that were derived through three other techniques, i.e. manual digitization of geo-referenced aerial photos, Brisbane City Council data derived from image analysis using Landsat TM imagery and rainfall runoff depth relationship. The high-resolution colour aerial photography method compared favourably to the other techniques with standard deviations of TIA (%) ranging between 0.8% and 8%. The major constraints were shading effects, particularly on roads and grassed areas, and from the similarity in colours between some surface types, some of which can be reduced by appropriate selection of signature colours and multiple iterations of a supervised classification. It was concluded that while infra-red spectral wave bands could help considerably, the high-resolution colour photography could be applied with confidence to derive catchment-scale TIA estimates.
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Sachidhananda, T. G., and V. Adake Chandrashekhar. "Electric Discharge Machining of Conducting Ceramics - A Review." Materials Science Forum 1019 (January 2021): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1019.121.
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Electrical Discharge machining (EDM) is a nonconventional machining technique, which has been widely used to produce dies and mold. Harder Materials can be machined into complex shapes as long as they conduct electricity. Recent advances in the technologies brought the development of new engineering materials, which are hard to machine with traditional machining processes. Being one of these materials, ceramics possess some unique properties like piezoelectricity and tribological properties which are not found in metal and polymers. EDM is capable of machining these ceramics, given these materials have an adequately high electrical conductivity. Preparing conducting ceramics is pre-requisite for incorporating ceramics in EDM. Different techniques such as compaction, tape casting, extrusion, injection molding and slip casting are used form green ceramic body. These green bodies are subsequently sintered to obtain ceramic parts. Adding conducting elements in the ceramics while processing results in conducting ceramics. These additions increase hardness but fracture toughness of body is compromised. Ceramic parts can also be machined by using assisting electrode and pyrolytic carbon technique. This paper discusses the various methods of shaping conducting ceramics and its machining characteristics for EDM application
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Reeve, Catherine, and Mirkka Koivusalo. "Biomedical Scent Detection Dogs: Would They Pass as a Health Technology?" Pet Behaviour Science, no. 6 (November 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/pbs.v0i6.10785.
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Biomedical scent detection dogs identify the scent profiles of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes or pathogenic micro-organisms. What the field of biomedical scent detection has been lacking, however, is the assessment of the method from the point of view of a health technology. All health technologies undergo a thorough evaluation of safety, clinical effectiveness and costs, as well as ethical, social, organizational and legal evaluations in some cases. Passing these regulatory controls is a pre-requisite before a technology is approved for use in decision-making about patient outcomes. Biomedical scent detection has a lot of attractive qualities, such as the sensitivity and specificity of the dogs’ noses, safety and relative cost-effectiveness. But the method also has various challenges, in particular regarding its clinical effectiveness. The most pertinent issues to address before the dogs would pass as a health technology are standardization the training techniques, both intra- and inter-dog reproducibility, and generalization of the detection task to early stages of disease progression. We suggest setting realistic goals in terms of what the dogs can and cannot do and a collaborative approach between clinicians and animal psychophysicists.
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Van Acker, Sara I., Bert Van den Bogerd, Zoë P. Van Acker, Agnė Vailionytė, Michel Haagdorens, Carina Koppen, Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill, Darlene A. Dartt, and Isabel Pintelon. "Characterisation of Gel-Forming Mucins Produced In Vivo and In Ex Vivo Conjunctival Explant Cultures." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910528.
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One key element to the health of the ocular surface encompasses the presence of gel-forming mucins in the pre-ocular tear film. Conjunctival goblet cells are specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucins necessary for tear film stability and general homeostasis. Their dysfunction can be linked to a range of ocular surface inflammation disorders and chronic injuries. To obtain new perspectives and angles to tackle mucin deficiency, the need for an accurate evaluation of their presence and corresponding mucin secretion in ex vivo conjunctival cultures has become a requisite. In vitro, goblet cells show a significant decrease in the production and secretion of gel-forming mucins, accompanied by signs of dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation. Explant cultures on laminin-treated CLP-PEG hydrogels can, however, support the production of gel-forming mucins. Together, we challenge the current paradigm to evaluate the presence of cultured goblet cells solely based on their general mucin (MUC) content through imaging analyses, showing the need for additional techniques to assess the functionality of goblet cells. In addition, we broadened the gel-forming mucin profile of in vivo goblet cells with MUC5B and MUC6, while MUC2 and MUC6 is added to the profile of cultured goblet cells.
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Martinez, Javier. "Rapid and Simple Method for the Extraction of Genomic DNA from Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Seedlings." Advanced Research in Life Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arls-2017-0003.
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AbstractTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants are known to present high levels of secondary metabolites that increase with the plant age. Molecular biology techniques like restriction enzyme digestion and PCR, requires as pre-requisite the isolation of genomic DNA of suitable purity, good quality and with low levels of contaminants. Several methods to isolate pure and intact tobacco DNA for molecular research purposes have been developed. In this work, a combination between a tobacco seed germination technique using gibberellic acid and a fast and simple genomic DNA extraction method from 14-days old tobacco seedlings to reduce the secondary metabolites levels in the final samples was presented. Ten tobacco genotypes were used to evaluate this method. The DNA concentrations were in a range between 0.73 μg/μL to 1.47 μg/μL for Habana-2000 cv. and Criollo cv., respectively. The absorbance ratios values to determine DNA quality were acceptable. This method allows the obtaining of high molecular weight DNA suitable for digestion with restriction enzymes, EcoRI and BamHI. Tobacco seedlings DNA in a short period of time, in a simple way and with a low cost, was obtained with this extraction method.
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Titus, E., Gil Cabral, J. C. Madaleno, M. C. Coelho, P. Ramesh Babu, W. J. Blau, D. S. Misra, and J. Gracio. "Hydrogen in Chemical Vapour Deposited Carbon Nanotubes: An Active Site for Functionalization." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 4017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.an34.
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The presence of hydrogen in as-grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by microwave plasma (MP) chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique is demonstrated. Our results showed that the MPCVD, as-grown CNTs were hydrogenated consisting of C—H bonds; whereas, the tubes synthesized by arc discharge consisted of non-hydrogenated multi-walled CNTs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to detect C—H bonding in the as-grown CNTs. The effective functionalization of as-grown hydrogenated CNTs grown using a microwave CVD process is first time demonstrated by laser assisted CVD process. It was found that the laser-assisted CVD process resulted in the termination of hydrogen and the oxidation of as-grown CNT structure leading to the carboxylic group attachment. The FTIR results show the presence of —OH and C=O bonds in the functionalized samples. However, the non-hydrogenated CNTs could not be effectively functionalized by the same process, probably due to the fact that it did not contain active sites pre-requisite for functionalization, as did the CVD grown samples. The functionalization of CVD grown tubes is believed to take place at the 'active' hydrogen-terminated sites on the CNT surfaces.
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Tuti, Timothy, Jalemba Aluvaala, Daisy Chelangat, George Mbevi, John Wainaina, Livingstone Mumelo, Kefa Wairoto, et al. "Improving in-patient neonatal data quality as a pre-requisite for monitoring and improving quality of care at scale: A multisite retrospective cohort study in Kenya." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): e0000673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000673.
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The objectives of this study were to (1)explore the quality of clinical data generated from hospitals providing in-patient neonatal care participating in a clinical information network (CIN) and whether data improved over time, and if data are adequate, (2)characterise accuracy of prescribing for basic treatments provided to neonatal in-patients over time. This was a retrospective cohort study involving neonates ≤28 days admitted between January 2018 and December 2021 in 20 government hospitals with an interquartile range of annual neonatal inpatient admissions between 550 and 1640 in Kenya. These hospitals participated in routine audit and feedback processes on quality of documentation and care over the study period. The study’s outcomes were the number of patients as a proportion of all eligible patients over time with (1)complete domain-specific documentation scores, and (2)accurate domain-specific treatment prescription scores at admission, reported as incidence rate ratios. 80,060 neonatal admissions were eligible for inclusion. Upon joining CIN, documentation scores in the monitoring, other physical examination and bedside testing, discharge information, and maternal history domains demonstrated a statistically significant month-to-month relative improvement in number of patients with complete documentation of 7.6%, 2.9%, 2.4%, and 2.0% respectively. There was also statistically significant month-to-month improvement in prescribing accuracy after joining the CIN of 2.8% and 1.4% for feeds and fluids but not for Antibiotic prescriptions. Findings suggest that much of the variation observed is due to hospital-level factors. It is possible to introduce tools that capture important clinical data at least 80% of the time in routine African hospital settings but analyses of such data will need to account for missingness using appropriate statistical techniques. These data allow exploration of trends in performance and could support better impact evaluation, exploration of links between health system inputs and outcomes and scrutiny of variation in quality and outcomes of hospital care.
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Setiyana, Leny. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PEER REVIEW TO TEACH WRITING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AT NINTH GRADE OF SMP N 1 SEKAMPUNG ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015." Pedagogy : Journal of English Language Teaching 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/pedagogy.v4i2.383.
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This research is aimed to examine whether ;(1) Peer Review is more effective than Think Pair Share Technique to teach writing for the ninth grade students; (2) The students with high motivation have better writing skill than those having low motivation for the ninth grade students; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching techniques and students’ motivation in teaching writing for the ninth grade students. The method that was used in this research is experimental study. The samples were two classes namely experimental class which was taught using Peer Review and control class which was taught using Think Pair Share. Each class was divided into two groups of which each consisted of students having high motivation and those having low motivation. Two instruments were used to collect the data. The instruments were writing test and motivation’s questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using Multifactor Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey Test. Before conducting ANOVA test, pre-requisite test was conducted. Based on the data analysis, the findings of this research are; (1) Peer Review technique is more effective than Think Pair Share technique to teach writing; (2) The students with high motivation have more better writing skill than those having low motivation; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching techniques and students’s motivation in teaching writing. The research result of this study implies that Peer Review technique is effective to teach writing for the ninth grade students.
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Bano, Nusrat, Ghulam Mustafa, and Anwar Ali. "Impact of COVID-19 on Socio-Religious Integration in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India and Pakistan." Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i1.1786.
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Purpose: Integrity is pre-requisite for the prosperity and development of the society. Stable integration is the sign of justice, equality, rights and duties which provides tolerated society and religious inclusion. But, developing countries still have many challenges to stabilize their socio-religious integration due to non-cooperative behavior among different segments of the society, lack of politico-religious tolerance and less socio-economic development. The other factors responsible are poor educational and health system, weak social institution, marginalized segments of society, absences of culture of welfare state. Likewise, in India, communal conflicts remain present in every time as well as Pakistan faces sectarian tension and in both countries, religious norms and attitudes are used for political purposes. Similarly, both countries have the challenges of inequality and injustices within their communities.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The qualitative techniques have been applied in this research. Date has been collected from Secondary and Primary Sources.
Findings: Economic development is necessary for the development of the social prosperity without it socio-religious integration is a dream.
Implications/Originality/Value: The epidemic COVID-19 has challenged the socio-religiosity of the developing countries which affected the socio-economic and religious set up of these countries ruthlessly.
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Middelburg, Luke M., Mohammadamir Ghaderi, David Bilby, Jaco H. Visser, Guo Qi Zhang, Per Lundgren, Peter Enoksson, and Reinoud F. Wolffenbuttel. "Maintaining Transparency of a Heated MEMS Membrane for Enabling Long-Term Optical Measurements on Soot-Containing Exhaust Gas." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010003.
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Ensuring optical transparency over a wide spectral range of a window with a view into the tailpipe of the combustion engine, while it is exposed to the harsh environment of soot-containing exhaust gas, is an essential pre-requisite for introducing optical techniques for long-term monitoring of automotive emissions. Therefore, a regenerable window composed of an optically transparent polysilicon-carbide membrane with a diameter ranging from 100 µm up to 2000 µm has been fabricated in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. In the first operating mode, window transparency is periodically restored by pulsed heating of the membrane using an integrated resistor for heating to temperatures that result in oxidation of deposited soot (600–700 °C). In the second mode, the membrane is kept transparent by repelling soot particles using thermophoresis. The same integrated resistor is used to yield a temperature gradient by continuous moderate-temperature heating. Realized devices have been subjected to laboratory soot exposure experiments. Membrane temperatures exceeding 500 °C have been achieved without damage to the membrane. Moreover, heating of membranes to ΔT = 40 °C above gas temperature provides sufficient thermophoretic repulsion to prevent particle deposition and maintain transparency at high soot exposure, while non-heated identical membranes on the same die and at the same exposure are heavily contaminated.
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Zayum, Solomon Sumumma, Oravee Aule, and A. A. Hangeior. "Performance Appraisal and Employee Productivity in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service, Nigeria." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 7, no. 4 (October 8, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i4.11973.
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The study examined the effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service. The study was guided by two objectives and two null hypotheses of no significant relationship. The study adopts survey research design. The population of the study consists of all 1580 employees of PSIRS. The sample size of the study was 319; this was determined using Taro Yamane formula. The sample size was allocated to the population using Bourley’s Proportional formula. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity. Cronbach alpha method was used to establish the internal consistency of the questionnaire items. A reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentages and tables. Logit regression model was used to assess the nature and degree of relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Log likelihood ratio Chi-square and Log likelihood estimates were used to test model fit of the 2 hypotheses for the study; the z-statistics test was also used to test the independent variables influence on the dependent variable. The study revealed that management by objectives and 360 degree feedback appraisal techniques enhanced employee productivity in PSIRS. It was recommended that, PSIRS should enforce management by objectives in order to enable staff participate in organizational goal setting and understand areas of responsibility so as to further improve productivity. The 360 degree feedback appraisal techniques should also be encouraged to serve as pre-requisite for supervisors and employees to discuss organizational weaknesses, productivity standards and areas of improvement.
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Leung, Melissa, and Dominic Y. Leung. "Evaluation of Myocardial Viability – Contrast and Stress Echocardiography." Asia Pacific Cardiology 3, no. 1 (2011): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/apc.2011:3:1:13.
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Viable myocardium are myocardial segments with reduced function that often appear dyssynergic. These dyssynergic myocardial segments are capable of functional recovery, either spontaneously or after the offending insult, usually ischaemia, is removed by revascularisation. Patients with impaired left ventricular function but with viable myocardium are at increased risk of death and adverse cardiovascular outcome. The detection and recognition of viable myocardium is critical for risk stratification, guiding the selection of patients likely to benefit from revascularisation and predicting left ventricular remodelling. Contrast and stress echocardiography are important clinical tools for the assessment of myocardial viability. An end diastolic wall thickness of <0.6cm at the dyssynergic segments generally indicates scarring. The presence of post-systolic thickening at these segments suggests either myocardial viability or ischaemia. Useful in assessing contractile reserve in dyssynergic segments, dobutamine echocardiography is an established tool for detecting myocardial viability with accuracies comparable to other techniques. A biphasic response is diagnostic and specific for hibernating myocardium. The newer techniques of strain and strain rate imaging are the focus of research activities and have been used in conjunction with dobutamine stress to improve overall accuracy. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is useful in assessing coronary microvascular integrity, a pre-requisite for myocardial viability. The presence of an intact coronary microvasculature alone is insufficient for myocardial viability, however, explaining the high sensitivity but low specificity of MCE for such purposes. MCE, therefore, with its high negative predictive value, should be used in conjunction with dobutamine stress for the identification of viable myocardium. Due to its availability, safety, relatively low costs and high accuracy, rest and stress echocardiography are indispensable tools in the assessment of myocardial viability.
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Navarro, J., M. E. Parés, I. Colomina, G. Bianchi, S. Pluchino, R. Baddour, A. Consoli, et al. "A REDUNDANT GNSS-INS LOW-COST UAV NAVIGATION SOLUTION FOR PROFESSIONAL APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (August 19, 2015): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-299-2015.
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This paper presents the current results for the FP7 GINSEC project. Its goal is to build a pre-commercial prototype of a low-cost, accurate and reliable system for the professional UAV market. <i>Low-cost</i>, in this context, stands for the use of sensors in the most affordable segment of the market, especially MEMS IMUs and GNSS receivers. <i>Reliability</i> applies to the ability of the autopilot to cope with situations where unfavourable GNSS reception conditions or strong electromagnetic fields make the computation of the position and / or attitude of the UAV difficult. <i>Professional</i> and <i>accurate</i> mean that, at least using post-processing techniques as PPP, it will be possible to reach cm-level precisions that open the door to a range of applications demanding high levels of quality in positioning, as precision agriculture or mapping. To achieve such goal, a rigorous sensor error modelling approach, the use of redundant IMUs and a dual-GNSS receiver setup, together with close-coupling techniques and an extended Kalman filter with self-analysis capabilities have been used. Although the project is not yet complete, the results obtained up to now prove the feasibility of the aforementioned goal, especially in those aspects related to position determination. Research work is still undergoing to estimate the heading using a dual-GNNS receiver setup; preliminary results prove the validity of this approach for relatively long baselines, although positive results are expected when these are shorter than 1 m – which is a necessary requisite for small-sized UAVs.
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Qais M. Alias and Wafaa F. Tobia. "Secondary Arc Extinction in Extra High Voltage Systems Using Grounding Switches." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2014.07106.
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Long Extra High Voltage (EHV) transmission systems tend to bring a pronounced state of secondary arcing. Therefore, an essential pre-requisite for single-phase-switching application, is the possibility and speed of secondary arc final extinction during suitably short dead-time. During the past several decades, many techniques had been proposed and implemented in order to ensure fast secondary arc extinction. Among these was the use of High Speed Grounding Switches (HSGS’s). In such technique, the faulted phase is grounded via special switches; one at each end of the EHV line after the fault is cleared by both line ends circuit breakers. The primary advantage of grounding the faulted phase is the reduction of the fault point recovery voltage to a very low value. This, coupled with the circulation of opposite loop currents in the fault path, reduces the secondary arc current and lead to a fast secondary arc extinction. A sample 500kV, 300km transmission system equipped with High Speed Grounding Switches is modeled as a test system. The modified Fourier transform is used to calculate the system response through, fault, fault clearance, HSGS’s operation, and line restoration. The non-linearity of the secondary arcing state is also accounted for. The paper concludes with a presentation of some computational results related to the above mentioned EHV system showing that HSGS’s greatly improves the single-phase-switching performance.
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DeNisi, Angelo S., and Shirley Sonesh. "Success and failure in international assignments." Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research 4, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 386–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-12-2015-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on how success and failure for international assignments have been defined, and integrate several proposals for these definitions into a multi-dimensional model that considers task performance, relationship building, contextual performance and retention as all being part of how success or failure should be defined. The authors also discuss two proposed pre-requisites for success – absorptive capacity (operationalized at both the individual and the unit levels) and adjustment. The authors conclude by bringing in literature on performance management and how ideas about performance management must also be integrated into the discussion of the success or failure of international assignments. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews existing proposals regarding the definition of expatriate success and failure, and proposes a multidimensional model of success based on the past literature. Based on this literature the authors also propose two pre-requisites for success and discuss several requisite KSAOs, as well as some suggestions from the literature on performance management. Findings The authors argue for a multidimensional model of expatiate success which includes task performance, relationship building, contextual performance and retention as part of what constitutes a successful assignment. The authors also argue that absorptive capacity and adjustment should be considered as pre-requisites for success, and that principles from performance management should be applied to dealing with international assignments. Research limitations/implications A more comprehensive definition of success and failure should aid research by providing a better dependent variable, and by leading to research on various aspects of this outcome. Practical implications The proposed model and approach can hopefully help practice by clarifying the different dimensions of success and how performance management techniques can be applied to dealing with international assignments. Originality/value There has been a lot written about how we should operationalize the success or failure of international assignments. The present paper reviews that literature and integrates a number of ideas and suggestions into a multi-dimensional model which includes information about pre-requisites for success and relevant KSAOs, along with ideas from performance management to help insure the success of these assignments.
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Raji, Bijay. "Health Care Practices of Urban Tribal Women of Arunachal Pradesh in India: A Case Study." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 11, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v11.n1.p1.
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<p>Medical needs of women are more important from the point of view of their position in society. Method adopted by women to satisfy these needs also depends on many structural, social and socio-psychologic factors. Influences of hereditary conditions, inherent biological traits, contributions of culture and the potential sentimental factors are contributors to these phenomena. <strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study is to examine the health care practices of urban tribal women in view of different socio-economic conditions at different age groups.<strong> Method and Materials: </strong>The survey was conducted among 100 tribal women through proportionate and stratified random sampling technique with the help of pre-designed and pre-structured questionnaire through direct interaction with the respondents. The respondents were divided into 1:1 ratio i.e., 50 respondents were from the age group of (20-50) years and another 50 from the age group of above 50 years. Graphical presentation and simple statistical techniques like percentages, standard deviation, co-efficient of variation, Yule Coefficient of Variation and regression analysis with requisite tests including Chi-square have been used to analyse the data. <strong>Result and Discussion: </strong>Men is more consciousness about their health with the increasing in age in comparison to women, that is why; the women suffer more than men and they fell ill more. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Women’s health and their active involvement in health care programmes are essential keys to the general health. In addition to their own special health problem, the major challenges they face during every day life, particularly during pregnancy and child-birth.</p>
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Shaikh, Suraj, Masilamani Palanisamy, and Abdul Rahaman Sheik Mohideen. "ESTIMATE THE ANNUAL SOIL LOSS IN KUMMATTIPATTI NADI WATERSHED USING RUSLE MODEL THROUGH GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY." Geodesy and cartography 46, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2020.10569.
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Soil erosion and soil loss is one of the common problems threatening the environment. This degrading phenomenon declines the soil fertility and significantly affects the agricultural activity. As a consequence, the productivity of soil is affected unquestionably. In this reason, there is a basic need to take up conservation and management measures which can be applied to check further soil erosion. Even though, soil erosion is a mass process spread cross the watershed, it is not economically viable to implement conservation techniques to the entire watershed. However, a method is a pre-requisite to identify the most vulnerable areas and quantify the soil erosion. In this study, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been accepted to estimate soil erosion in the Kummattipatti Nadi watershed part of the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. This model has several parameters including runoff-rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodability Factor (K), topographic factor (LS), cropping management factor (C), and support practice factor (P). All these layers are prepared through geographical information system (GIS) by using various data sources and data preparation methods. The results of the study shows that the annual average soil loss within the watershed is about 6 t/ha/yr (metric ton per hectare per year). Higher soil erosion is observed in the land use classes of gullied wasteland, open scrub forest and degraded plantation. The soil erosion risk is extremely higher on the steep slopes and adjoining foothills. The proper conservation and management strategies has to be implement in this watershed for the development.
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Rao, Madhav, John C. Lusth, and Susan L. Burkett. "A Solder Based Self Assembly Project In An Introductory IC Fabrication Course." American Journal of Engineering Education (AJEE) 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajee.v6i1.9248.
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Integrated circuit (IC) fabrication principles is an elective course in a senior undergraduate and early graduate student’s curriculum. Over the years, the semiconductor industry relies heavily on students with developed expertise in the area of fabrication techniques, learned in an IC fabrication theory and laboratory course. The theory course gives importance to the physics of manufacturing techniques and is often attached to a subsequent semester laboratory curriculum. The pre-requisite requirement of the theory component for a laboratory course requires students to enroll for two courses in separate semesters and is not an option for all students. Hence, an innovative student project is intended in the theory curriculum to give hands-on experience on the processes. The IC fabrication course is usually associated with high enrollment of students, leading to fewer laboratory experiments. The physics of IC fabrication techniques is important, but few students may perceive the theory as important with no laboratory experience. To improve the course and give students hands-on practice with existing state-of-the-art processing facilities, a tailored project was added to the syllabus. A solder-based self assembly (SBSA) project was introduced in the curriculum for the first time at the University of Alabama in Fall 2011. The student projects were designed in a way to provide an alternative to conventional time-intensive, high cost, and highly tool dependent IC fabrication lab experiments. SBSA forms three dimensional (3D) structures when applied to two dimensional (2D) patterns. The schedule was designed to accommodate theory classes aligned with the fabrication steps and completed by students. The project involved a brainstorming session, a design stage to develop 2D patterns using AutoCAD software, a deposition process, a lithography step, a dip soldering step, a reflow process, scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, and a final project presentation. Other processes required to complete the project were performed by the instructor. In general, students showed interest in working in teams, completing the project, and recommended to continuing the SBSA project in future IC fabrication course work. The SBSA project is cost effective and less tool dependent for incorporation in a semester long course. In addition, the project is time effective from both student and instructor perspectives.
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Vanger, N. M., A. K. Usman, and H. Mohammed. "Land Suitability Mapping for Optimum Soybean Production in Konshisha Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2021): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56160/jaeess202172021.
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Land suitability mapping is a pre-requisite for optimum crop production and sustainable use of the land to provide food security. Soya bean is one of the most valuable food and cash crops produced in Konshisha LGA, Benue State, Nigeria. However, the production is constrained by low yield. Thus, the aim of this study is to map land suitable for optimum and sustainable soya bean production in the study area. As an effort toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of eradicating hunger by 2030. Multi spectral satellite imageries from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager, Climate Research Unit (CRU), National Aeronautical Space Agency’s (NASA) Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and ORLN DAAC soil data were collected using remote sensing and GIS techniques for Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). GIS analysis and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) were carried out. Result of the multi criteria evaluation shows that climate, slope, land use land cover, and available phosphorus are favorable factors, while soil organic carbon, pH and drainage are limiting factors. The result of the overall suitability mapping shows that 30.4% of the land is highly suitable (S1), 69.5% moderately suitable (S2), and 0.1% marginally suitable (S3) for soya bean production in the study area. Based on the findings, the study concluded that low soil organic carbon, pH and poor soil drainage are the main land limiting factors for optimum soya bean production. Therefore, the study recommends application of mixed organic and inorganic fertilizers, agricultural lime, composite manure, agro-forestry, crop rotation, creation of open deep drains and channelization as supplement of the limiting factors for optimum soya bean production in the study area.
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Arora, Anuja, Ambikesh Jayal, Mayank Gupta, Prakhar Mittal, and Suresh Chandra Satapathy. "Brain Tumor Segmentation of MRI Images Using Processed Image Driven U-Net Architecture." Computers 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10110139.
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Brain tumor segmentation seeks to separate healthy tissue from tumorous regions. This is an essential step in diagnosis and treatment planning to maximize the likelihood of successful treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed information about brain tumor anatomy, making it an important tool for effective diagnosis which is requisite to replace the existing manual detection system where patients rely on the skills and expertise of a human. In order to solve this problem, a brain tumor segmentation & detection system is proposed where experiments are tested on the collected BraTS 2018 dataset. This dataset contains four different MRI modalities for each patient as T1, T2, T1Gd, and FLAIR, and as an outcome, a segmented image and ground truth of tumor segmentation, i.e., class label, is provided. A fully automatic methodology to handle the task of segmentation of gliomas in pre-operative MRI scans is developed using a U-Net-based deep learning model. The first step is to transform input image data, which is further processed through various techniques—subset division, narrow object region, category brain slicing, watershed algorithm, and feature scaling was done. All these steps are implied before entering data into the U-Net Deep learning model. The U-Net Deep learning model is used to perform pixel label segmentation on the segment tumor region. The algorithm reached high-performance accuracy on the BraTS 2018 training, validation, as well as testing dataset. The proposed model achieved a dice coefficient of 0.9815, 0.9844, 0.9804, and 0.9954 on the testing dataset for sets HGG-1, HGG-2, HGG-3, and LGG-1, respectively.
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Alemu, Melaku. "Applications of Biotechnology for Characterization of Plants and Pests as the Key Components of Plant Protection and Production Strategies: A Review." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 247–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i3.31556.
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The second Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDG), among the seventeen SDG, is concerned with the pursuit of global food security and agricultural sustainability, which become the key to the success of the entire SDG. Whereas agricultural production and productivity are heavily threatened by the incidence of pests that inflict huge losses in various forms. This calls for prompt applications of biotechnology for the fast, accurate and reliable means for characterization of plant generic resources and pests as it is the pre-requisite and gateway for designing appropriate plant protection and production strategies. It is imperative that pests be identified properly so that judicious use of the literature can be made and sustainable management strategies can be implemented at the right stage. To this end, the application of biotechnology has made significant advances for reliable characterization of plant genetic resources as well as accurate diagnosis of pests, study of their genetic diversity and variability, detailed mechanisms of their transmission and evolutionary relationships. Accordingly, this review article covers the comprehensive account of the various molecular techniques, genome mapping and OMICS sciences utilized for characterization plants and pests that ultimately allow the detailed study of the biology and epidemiology of pests at any stage of their life cycle. The resulting data are eventually employed for enhancing successful implementation of sustainable plant protection and production strategies. In conclusion, the increasing projections of transboundary pests, environmental and abiotic factors together with the continuous scientific advancements and breakthroughs have made biotechnology to be an important engine of bioeconomy for generating invaluable products, processes and services.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(3): 247-288
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Fatimah, Siti, and Siti Fatonah. "Development of Focusky Multimedia-Based Comics to Increase Students' Learning Interest in Science Subjects." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 2082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i4.3444.
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This study aims to find out the process of developing comics based on focusky multimedia. To determine the feasibility of focusky multimedia-based comics to determine the effectiveness of focusky multimedia-based comics to increase student learning interest. This research is an R&D development research or (Research and Development) model of the Robert Maribe Branch using the ADDIE development model. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. Qualitative data analysis was carried out by processing data obtained by validation questionnaires from media experts, material experts, linguists and peer assessments. While the quantitative data were processed by analyzing the pre-requisite normality test and paired sample t-test. The subjects in this study were 20 students of SD Al-Qur'an Rodlotut Tholibin Metro Lampung. From the research results, digital comic media was developed using the ADDIE model, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The quality and feasibility of developing comics based on multimedia focusky were obtained from the validation assessments of media experts, material experts, linguists as well as assessments from colleagues, namely with ideal percentages of 88, 90, 86 and 86%, which were categorized as "very feasible" and can be considered. implement in learning. After analyzing the data obtained, it was successful in developing multimedia-based comics focused on natural science material, sub-theme of how the body processes food. Based on the results of the research, the paired sample t-test (one group sample test) with the results on students' interest in learning obtained a Sig. (2 tailed) of 0.000 <0.05. With an average pretest score of 53.30 it increases the results of posttest learning interest with an average score of 78.60
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Mashitoh, Dewi. "HUBUNGAN LITERASI DAN VIDEO TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS KELAS IV." Joyful Learning Journal 10, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jlj.v10i2.44175.
Full textAbstract:
Latar belakang penelitian yaitu kurangnya kemampuan membaca dan menulis peserta didik, minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran (video), pengajaran IPS di kelas sangat membosankan. Tiga hal tersebut hanya beberapa dari banyaknya faktor penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar IPS, sehingga 53,49% peserta didik memperoleh hasil belajar IPS dibawah rata-rata. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan Literasi dan Video terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Peserta Didik Kelas IV. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu non-probability sampling dengan jenis sampling jenuh sehingga seluruh populasi (129 peserta didik) menjadi sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik non tes (Angket, Wawancara, Dokumentasi). Pengujian Instrumen menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.Teknik analisis data berupa Uji Prasyarat, Analisis Deskriptif, Pengujian Hipotesis, Signifikansi/Uji F, Regresi Linier Sederhana dan Ganda. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan hasil = 0,701 dan nilai = 0,1443, artinya literasi dan video berhubungan secara positif terhadap hasil belajar IPS. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan secara bersamaan antara literasi dan video terhadap hasil belajar IPS.
This research is motivated by the lack of reading and writing skills of students, the minimal use of learning media (video), and the learning social studies subjects in the very boring classroom. These three things were only a few of the many factors that cause weak learning outcomes in social studies subjects so that 53.49% of students get social studies learning outcomes below the average. This research aims to examine the correlation between literacy and video on social studies learning outcomes of fourth-grade students. The approach used is quantitative with correlational research type. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with a saturated type of sampling so that the entire population (129 students) becomes the research sample. Data collection techniques are in the form of non-test techniques (questionnaire, interview, and documentation). Instrument testing used validity and reliability tests. Data analysis techniques were the pre-requisite test, descriptive analysis, hypothesis testing, significance/F-test, also simple and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the results of Result data = 0.701 and the value of Table data = 0.1443, which meaning that literacy and video had a positive correlation with learning outcomes in social studies subjects. In the end, it can be concluded that there is a simultaneous relationship between literacy and video on learning outcomes in social studies subjects.
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Gupta, Palak, S. Rajkumar, and P. Gopinath. "Development of Sunlight-Driven Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)/CeO2-CuO Nanofibrous Photocatalyst for Efficient Removal of Organic Dyes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 7480–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18739.
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A hybrid nanofibrous membrane photocatalysts was developed through electrospinningcarbonization method. In this work, the hybrid membrane with p–n hetero-structure consisting of CeO2 and CuO metal-oxide nanoparticles was prepared by a hierarchical and facile approach through electrospun technique and stabilized by hydrothermal process. The obtained heterogeneous photocatalyst membrane was studied for its catalytic properties by performing several experiments using test solutions of anionic Congo red (CR) and cationic methylene blue (MB) dyes, respectively. The as-prepared Graphene-CeO2/CuO intercalated polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous (GCPNs) membrane is characterized by using various analytical techniques and its photocatalytic degradation properties was studied by conducting batch studies and validated using the kinetics models. Furthermore, the functional group transformation, electronic transition state, binding energy values and chemical oxidation state of the GCPNs membrane before and after degradation was investigated by spectroscopic studies. The optical properties of the GCPNs membrane was further analysed by UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Also, the enhanced photo-degradation behaviour of the p–n hetero-structure due to the suppression of the recombination rate of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs was confirmed by photoluminescence studies (PL). These investigations implied that the developed photocatalyst GCPN membrane follows the pseudo first-order kinetics having higher reaction rate constant. Comprehensively, the GCPN has varying dye removal capacity of 90–98% for Congo red and 30–90% for Methylene blue in which the photocatalytic degradation capacity increases with increase in dye concentration and time. The reusability studies supported the sustainability and durability of the photocatalytic membrane for longer lifetime and practical value. Henceforth, nanotechnology-based cutting-edge technology offers novel hybrid nanomaterials having excellent properties that are pre-requisite for the development of sunlight mediated nano-photocatalytic reactors in the commercial applications.
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Raza, Ghulam, Mohan B. Singh, and Prem L. Bhalla. "Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Commercial Soybean Cultivars." Plants 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010038.
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The efficient regeneration of plants from commercial genotypes is a pre-requisite for successful genetic transformation, to apply modern crop improvement techniques such as CRISPR-based genome editing. Plant regeneration through the somatic embryogenesis pathway offers an advantage over the organogenesis approach, avoiding the risk of developing chimeras. Plant genotype, explant type, and media compositions play an essential role in the in-vitro regeneration of plants. This study aimed to characterize the commercially grown Australian soybean genotypes for their potential to induce somatic embryos, embryo proliferation, maturation, germination, and plant regeneration. Overall, nine soybean cultivars belonging to different maturity groups were evaluated. Immature cotyledon ranging from 2–4 and 4–6 mm in size were used as explants for somatic embryogenesis induction. Maximum somatic embryo induction frequency (86%) was observed from 4–6 mm immature cotyledons of the cv. Jack (MG III), followed by 66%, 26%, 21%, and 6% in cultivars Williams (MG III), Snowy (MG III), MoonB1 (MG V), and PNR791 (MG V), respectively. On the other hand, cv. Snowy showed maximum somatic-embryo-inducing potential (67%) in 2–4 mm immature cotyledons followed by Williams, Jack, MoonB1, and PNR791. Somatic embryos from Jack, Williams, and Snowy cultivars were further tested for embryo proliferation, maturation, and germination. Maximum proliferation and maturation were observed in cv. Jack, followed by Snowy and Williams. However, cv. Snowy showed a significantly higher conversion of cotyledonary stage embryos to plantlets (85%), than both Jack and Williams cultivars (53% each). In conclusion, this study outlined a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from three soybean cultivars. Our findings suggest commercial cv. Snowy could be a good candidate for developing transgenic plants through somatic embryogenesis.
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Toussaint, J., V. Durbecq, G. Rouas, S. Altintas, C. Desmedt, D. Larsimont, M. Piccart, and C. Sotiriou. "CD10 expression and risk of relapse in DCIS." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e22053-e22053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22053.
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e22053 Background: DCIS is a heterogeneous malignant condition of the breast with no standard of care. The Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) is the most useful tool to predict local recurrence. However, assessment of the VNPI score is not easy and many women with DCIS are offered the same treatment. Experimental evidence has indicated that a local death of the myo-epithelial cells (MECs) in the DCIS is a pre-requisite to tumor invasion. In this study we hypothesized that loss of CD10, (a marker of MECs), would be a surrogate for basement membrane disruption and tumor invasion. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the prognostic value of CD10 in DCIS. Methods: CD10 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immuno-histochemistry (IHC) using FFPE tissues on normal samples (N=11) and two independent DCIS populations: a training set (N=66) and a validating set (N=88). Results: MECs were the only cells that showed a CD10 staining using IHC in normal and DCIS samples. All normal tissue samples demonstrated high expression levels of CD10 using both IHC and RT-PCR. In contrast, DCIS samples showed a wide range of CD10 expression levels. Of interest, 66% of DCIS showed lower expression values of CD10 compared to normal tissues. The group of DCIS with low expression of CD10 was statistically associated with higher risk of relapse [HR: 2.49 (CI.95%= 1.13–5.49), P= 0.02]. These results were independently validated in our validation set using both techniques (qRT-PCR: HR: 1.805 (CI.95%= 1.11–2.92), P= 0.02]; IHC [HR: 1.84 (CI.95%= 1.00–3.40), P= 0.05]. In multivariate analysis, CD10 remained significant (HR=2.25; [95CI: 1.24–4.09], p=0.008) together with VNPI [HR: 2.03 (CI.95%= 1.23–3.35), P= 0.006]. Conclusions: Decrease of CD10 expression in MECs is associated with higher risk of relapse in DCIS and it has the potential to improve DCIS management. These promising results are currently being validated in a larger patient's series. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Herd, Andrew, and Francesca Piretti. "Lessons Learned process case study: An unintended enabler of upstream and downstream knowledge management capabilities at the European Space Agency." European Conference on Knowledge Management 23, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.23.1.675.
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The paper presents a case study of the European Space Agency which has been coordinating internal knowledge management activities at the corporate level of the Agency for just over 6 years. In this time, previous, current, and future knowledge management activities have been respectively collected, supported, and planned with the immediate intent of addressing potential knowledge loss due to an on-going retirement wave – which will last until 2030. One of the ranges of knowledge management techniques applied is the lessons learned process, with associated means and tools being realised for the capture and exchange of experience.
Through the focus on using the validated and evaluated lessons to achieve systematic learning, the lessons learned process has achieved learning at the point of use, rather than mostly keeping the learning within the established Lessons Learned tool, which has also had (unintentionally) caused an enabling effect for other organisational capabilities relating to not only knowledge but also information and data management.
The Agency has then made a relatively rapid transition to adopting a systematic approach to Lessons Learned – by both creating the need for (pre-requisite) upstream and “downstream” capabilities. The downstream benefits (learning flowing out of the experience capture) has been achieved by identifying the process, product and people involved in the desired learning outcome, and assuring the learning is placed at this point. In taking the approach of broadening the reach of a traditional lessons learned process (mostly with the aim of more effectively addressing user needs), the establishment of lessons learned capabilities has also enabled the needed upstream development activities for the deployment of lessons learned itself. Aspects such as a solid IT infrastructure (common platform), a robust set of classification terms (taxonomy), and the existence of users with a clear identity (communities of practice).
The paper will present the current (but rapidly progressing) status of lessons learned at ESA, and the upstream and downstream effects from the perspective of lessons learned as part of an overall organisational strategy to create a culture and climate of openness and sharing (knowledge management) and digitalisation (information and data management).
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Azmi, Asfar S., Michael Kauffman, Dilara McCauley, Sharon Shacham, and Ramzi M. Mohammad. "Novel small-molecule CRM-1 inhibitor for GI cancer therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.245.
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245 Background: Pancreatic (PC) and Colon (CC) cancer remain deadly diseases despite the advent of novel targeted and cytotoxic therapies. Therefore, identification of new targets and development of novel agents against these targets are urgently needed. CRM-1 is a nuclear export protein encoded by the XPO1 (exportin 1) gene that mediates leucine-rich nuclear export signal ( NES )-dependent protein export. Elevated CRM-1 expression has been correlated with poor prognosis in PC and CC making it an attractive therapeutic target. Methods: Using structure based drug design, we have identified novel, irreversible small molecule inhibitors of CRM-1 that lock target proteins, including TSP, in the nucleus. Normal cells undergo cell cycle arrest, but most cancer cells initiate apoptosis. Thus, the drugs selectively kill cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal tissue and possess clinically acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters. In this report, using multiple molecular biological techniques, we have evaluated the role of CRM-1 inhibition on nuclear localization and apoptosis by PAR-4. Results: The most potent small molecule CRM-1 inhibitor (KPT-185) induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in a panel of PC and CC cell lines with IC50’s <150 nM. Western blot and confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated that KPT-185 treatment resulted in TSP and PAR-4 nuclear localization (a pre-requisite for PAR-4 mediated apoptosis). Most significantly, siRNA knockdown of PAR-4 abrogated the apoptotic potential of KPT-185 in BxPC-3 and Colo-357 (PC) and HCT-116 and HT-29 (CC) cell lines, confirming that this was indeed a PAR-4 dependent apoptotic mechanism. KPT-185 showed synergistically enhanced apoptosis when combined with oxaliplatin in all the tested cell lines. Human genomic expression microarray profiling using HT-12 arrays are underway. Additionally, animal xenograft studies involving single agent KPT-185 and combination with oxaliplatin are currently ongoing. Conclusions: This is the first report demonstrating CRM-1 as a potential therapeutic target in both PC and CC, perhaps by enhancing PAR-4 function. The drugs KPT-185 and related CRM1-inhibitors warrant further clinical investigations for this deadly malignancy.