Academic literature on the topic 'PRE-REQUISITE TECHNIQUES'
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Journal articles on the topic "PRE-REQUISITE TECHNIQUES"
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Khan, Arif, Saiful Islam, and Muhammad Alam. "The role of political opposition: A pre-requisite for democracy." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 2, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.1.6.
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No doubt for a democracy to be triumphant, multi-party system or, at least two party systems is obligatory. A country where there is one party system and lack observant and efficient opposition there are every chances for the incumbent party to become autocratic and domineering. One party system is most of the times susceptible to transform into dictatorship. Most of the times where there is one party system, the opposition is stifled and trampled and the dictatorship of the single party is established. Germany during Hitler’s rule and Italy during Mussoloni rule are the cases in point. One cannot imagine of a democratic set up without a healthy and watchful opposition. For the success of any parliamentary democracy, an effective opposition is must to carry out its functions courageously and effectively. The paper analyses the rights, responsibilities and obligations of opposition in a democratic system. For this purpose, the techniques adopted by the researcher for data collection include a detailed survey of the available literature covering different aspects of the topic. The internationally reputed authors and experts have been quoted. It is for the government to allow the opposition to fulfil their functions, which indicates a sign of democratic maturity on the part of government. The opposition has to focus on its democratic functions and if it fails to do so, it will be a sign of dysfunctional democracy.
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Mangla, Pooja, and Sandip Kr Goyal. "Performance Analysis of Various Meta-Heuristic Based Load Balancing in Cloud Computing." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 3770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8248.
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Today one of the new and emerging technologies is Cloud Computing, which denotes to operating, organizing, and retrieving the services over the internet. It is the pre-requisite of IT services on the Internet. In this, Load balancing is the issue region of Cloud Computing, which has a noteworthy effect for characterizing the resource accessibility. In this, Meta-heuristic techniques are applied on Load Balancing in Cloud Computing and their results are shown.
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Quaye, R. "IMPACT OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE AS A PRE-REQUISITE FOR ETHNIC INTEGRATION IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA." Social Science and Law Journal of Policy Review and Development Strategies 8, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ssljprds.v8.i1.11.
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The study assessed the impact of indigenous language as a pre-requisite for ethnic integration in Osun State, Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey research design where questionnaire was used to acquire necessary data for the research work. Population comprises of all primary schools in Ayedade Local Government, Osun State. Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select ten (10) primary schools in Ayedade Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. Fifteen (15) teachers were randomly selected from each of the chosen school to make a total of one hundred and fifty (150) teachers as sample for the study. Two (2) research hypotheses were raised and tested in this study. Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha. The statistical techniques were employed to analyze the data in order to test the hypotheses, Mean, Standard deviation, t-ratio. The research findings concluded that the use of indigenous languages is central to the holistic development of any nation and the issue of indigenous languages be handled with total commitment and seriousness. It was further revealed that, local language is the pride of any Nation’s development that promote cultural heritage so as not to go into extinction. The paper therefore recommended that, a body of committed linguists be set up in Nigeria and that amendment of National Policy on Education be done to integrate the use of indigenous language for teaching-learning purposes across all levels of education in Nigeria and Nigerian indigenous languages should be made official languages at state levels while maintaining English language as the official language at the federal level.
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Mamun, Quazi, Rafiqul Islam, and Mohammed Kaosar. "Secured Communication Key Establishment for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2015010103.
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The resource-constraint nature of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has caused the security one of biggest challenges. An efficient key management scheme is the pre-requisite to ensure security in WSN. In this paper the authors present two versions of a secured key management scheme adopted on cluster-based topology of sensor network. The proposed schemes use partial key pre-distribution and symmetric cryptography techniques, and shows high resilience to different security attacks. Whereas one version of the proposed protocol uses shared partial keys in a cluster, the other version uses private partial keys. Both versions of the proposed key management scheme outperform other random key pre- distribution protocols in the sense that it requires lower space, lower communication overhead and offers very high session key candidates.
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D. Crabtree, John, and Xihui "Paul" Zhang. "Recognizing and Managing Complexity: Teaching Advanced Programming Concepts and Techniques Using the Zebra Puzzle." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 14 (2015): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2263.
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Teaching advanced programming can be a challenge, especially when the students are pursuing different majors with diverse analytical and problem-solving capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the efficacy of using a particular problem as a vehicle for imparting a broad set of programming concepts and problem-solving techniques. We present a classic brain teaser that is used to communicate and demonstrate advanced software development concepts and techniques. Our results show that students with varied academic experiences and goals, assuming at least one procedural/structured programming pre-requisite, can benefit from and also be challenged by such an exercise. Although this problem has been used by others in the classroom, we believe that our use of this problem in imparting such a broad range of topics to a diverse student population is unique.
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Aboagye, Gabriel Kwesi, and Hassana Ahmed. "Teacher participatory decision-making in schools: A pre-requisite for democratic governance in Ghanaian second cycle educational institutions." Journal of Educational Development and Practice 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jedp.v3i.947.
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Participatory decision-making in schools has been identified as a key tool for improving teachers* professional development. However, not much has been done in terms of scientific research to find out the nature, level and areas of teacher participation in making school decisions. Therefore, this study sought to establish the areas and ways of involving Senior High School teachers in decision-making in schools in the Mampong Municipality. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The purposive and stratified sampling techniques were adopted to select the participants for the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 252 randomly selected professional teachers. It was observed from the study that teachers were always involved in curriculum and instructional activities and occasionally engaged in school operational activities and decisions that promoted school-community relationship. However, teachers were never involved in decision making on student admission and placement, staffing and financial matters. Teachers were involved in school decision-making through delegation, school meeting, school Board of Governors, and school committee systems. It is, therefore, recommended that the heads of schools should decentralise decision-making in their schools to allow greater teachers’ involvement in decision-making.
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Vileiniskis, Tomas, and Rita Butkiene. "Applying Semantic Role Labeling and Spreading Activation Techniques for Semantic Information Retrieval." Information Technology And Control 49, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.49.2.24985.
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Semantically enhanced information retrieval (IR) is aimed at improving classical IR methods and goes way beyond plain Boolean keyword matching with the main goal of better serving implicit and ambiguous information needs. As a de-facto pre-requisite to semantic IR, different information extraction (IE) techniques are used to mine unstructured text for underlying knowledge. In this paper we present a method that combines both IE and IR to enable semantic search in natural language texts. First, we apply semantic role labeling (SRL) to automatically extract event-oriented information found in natural language texts to an RDF knowledge graph leveraging semantic web technology. Second, we investigate how a custom flavored graph traversal spreading activation algorithm can be employed to interpret user’s information needs on top of the prior-extracted knowledge base. Finally, we present an assessment on the applicability of our method for semantically enhanced IR. An experimental evaluation on partial WikiQA dataset shows the strengths of our approach and also unveils common pitfalls that we use as guidelines to draw further work directions in the open-domain semantic search field.
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Smith, David G. "A New Form of Water Quality Index for Rivers and Streams." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0038.
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To assist in the dissemination of water quality information to lay-people in particular, four suitability-for-use water quality indexes have been developed. The water uses are: General, Bathing, Supply, and Fish Spawning although in the Bathing and Supply Indexes protection of aquatic life is also considered. To ensure that they tell us something useful and do not ‘hide' important information as current indexing systems tend to do, the Minimum Operator has been employed as the sub-index aggregation mechanism. This is a robust, sensible, and flexible method and seems more appropriate for this type of index than the more commonly used techniques (e.g. additive and multiplicative). Index development has been keyed into proposed New Zealand water legislation although this is not a pre-requisite for their use.
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Groot, C. K., W. B. P. van den Broek, J. Loewenberg, N. Koeman-Stein, M. Heidekamp, and W. de Schepper. "Mild desalination of various raw water streams." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 3 (May 13, 2015): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.228.
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For chemical industries, fresh water availability is a pre-requisite for sustainable operation. However, in many delta areas around the world, fresh water is scarce. Therefore, the E4Water project (www.e4water.eu) comprises a case study at the Dow site in Terneuzen, The Netherlands, which is designed to develop commercial applications for mild desalination of brackish raw water streams from various origins to enable reuse in industry or agriculture. This study describes an effective two-stage work process, which was used to narrow down a broad spectrum of desalination technologies to a selection of the most promising techniques for a demonstration pilot at 2–4 m³/hour. Through literature study, laboratory experiments and multi-criteria analysis, nanofiltration and electrodialysis reversal were selected, both having the potential to attain the objectives of E4Water at full scale.
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D’Emilia, Giulio, Antonella Gaspari, Emanuela Natale, and Davide Ubaldi. "Uncertainty Evaluation in Vision-Based Techniques for the Surface Analysis of Composite Material Components." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144875.
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In this paper, a methodology is discussed concerning the measurement of yarn’s angle of two different glass-reinforced polypropylene matrix materials, widely used in the production of automotive components. The measurement method is based on a vision system and image processing techniques for edge detection. Measurements of angles enable, if accurate, both useful suggestions for process optimization to be made, and the reliable validation of the simulation results of the thermoplastic process. Therefore, uncertainty evaluation of angle measurement is a mandatory pre-requisite. If the image acquisition and processing is considered, many aspects influence the whole accuracy of the method; the most important have been identified and their effects evaluated with reference to two different materials, which present different optical-type characteristics. The influence of piece geometry has also been taken into account, carrying out measurements on flat sheets and on a semi-spherical object, which is a reference standard shape, to verify the effect of thermoforming and to tune the process parameters. Complete uncertainty in the order of a few degrees has been obtained, which is satisfactory for purposes of simulation validation and consequent process optimization. The uncertainty budget also allowed individuation of the most relevant causes of uncertainty for measurement process improvement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PRE-REQUISITE TECHNIQUES"
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DIWAKAR, RAJAT PRASAD. "HR ANALYTICS IN A COPORATE ECOSYSTEM." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18418.
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There is a great scope for management of the human resources present within the
ecosystem of an organisation through the use of analytics. Functions in a corporate
environment relies on quantitative measurements defined by the pre-requisite
techniques identified by the industry, which allows them to identify, measure,
analyse, & take corrective measures to increase their efficiency or productivity. As
Human resource management has evolved into the spine of an organisation, as it is
the only field of study that bridges the gap between the performance of their
employees and the strategic objectives (Consolidation of Mission, Vision, &
Objectives) of the organisation. Thus, Human Resource Analytics can provide a
surgical insight over the general and complex functions of the Human resource
managers, allowing them to effectively initiate a micro and macro strategy, and
quantitatively measure the hypothesis, eliminating the possibilities of elements of the
personal bias defined by an Individual. This paper tries to understand the
methodologies and strategies that can be used by Human Resource Analysts to use
Statistical methodologies and HR Metrics to identify, analyse, & effectively improve
the functions of Human Resource Management through Data Integration, Workforce
Analysis & Insight Generation.
Book chapters on the topic "PRE-REQUISITE TECHNIQUES"
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O’Donnell, B., A. Swarup, A. Sidiq, D. Robert, and S. Setunge. "Guidelines for Enzymatic Soil Stabilization." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 373–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_40.
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AbstractThere are numerous manuals to guide practitioners in utilizing traditional additives in the construction of road, rail and dam construction but they fall short of specific guidance for non-standard additive-based ecofriendly and cost-effective soil stabilization. Increased attention has recently been on the use of non-standard additives for stabilizing weak soils due to environmental and cost concerns associated with traditional additives. We summarize the specific guidelines of using environmental-friendly enzymes to treat weak soils. We elaborate on the requirements and specifications for the Eko-Soil multi-enzyme product that is manufactured from water and proteins extracted from fermented exudes of plants. Specific tests (laboratory and field) and conditions required for soil stabilization using Eko-Soil enzyme are elaborated using the experience of past construction projects. The guide also elaborates enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic soil stabilization by correctly incorporating the required mixing proportions and pre-requisite condition tests. Professionals and practitioners will benefit from using novel eco-friendly sustainable stabilization techniques in the treatment of weak soils covering many applications including roads, foundations, water containment areas, landfills, working platforms and slope erosion control.
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Rene, Eldon R., M. Estefanía López, Hung Suck Park, D. V. S. Murthy, and T. Swaminathan. "ANNs for Identifying Shock Loads in Continuously Operated Biofilters." In Handbook of Research on Industrial Informatics and Manufacturing Intelligence, 72–103. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0294-6.ch004.
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Among the different waste gas treatment techniques developed to eliminate odorous and toxic pollutants from air, biological techniques have emerged as an effective, reliable, eco-friendly, simple, and economical option. Biological waste gas treatment systems such as biofilters are commonly used in industrial complexes to handle emissions at high gas flow rates and low pollutant concentrations (<5 g/m3). However, from a practical view-point, variation in concentrations and gas flow rates are common to any industrial emission, and it is a pre-requisite to simulate these conditions (shock loads) at the laboratory scale. This chapter provides sufficient theoretical background information on the different waste gas treatment systems, literature review on shock loads in biofilters, and the different steady and transient state models developed in the field of biofiltration. A fundamental overview of artificial neural networks and the different steps of the modeling process are also presented.
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Olubode Ogunsalu, Christopher. "The Radiology of Developmental Dental Defects Demystified: An e-Based Learning System." In Clinical Concepts and Practical Management Techniques in Dentistry. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101435.
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The purpose of this perspective-type chapter is to provide the readership with in-depth knowledge in the area of developmental abnormalities with special emphasis on radiology together with its clinical implications. The intention of this chapter is not only to be descriptive of the radiology of the developmental dental defects, but to provide the readership with the various possible differential diagnoses and how to arrive at a definitive diagnosis and being mindful of the fact that some of these radiological presentations can be pathognomonic while others are variable in presentation. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to provide the pre-requisite knowledge to the clinicians to enable them to arrive at a definitive diagnosis based on radiology and radiographic presentation without the need of any other investigation if possible. It is as such important that in this chapter the readership will be elevated to a level of realistic, yet clinician with the reasoning and interpretation of a radiologists in the area of developmental dental defects (DDD) since by understanding the basis of utilizing radiography to arrive at the definitive diagnosis of these developmental defects amidst of the various differential diagnoses, they would have gained full knowledge and control of the pertinent use of terminologies in this specific and unique area of dentistry. Conventional radiography such as periapical radiographs, bitewings and dental panoramic tomography will be utilized largely in this chapter, without the need for computerized tomography or CBCT. Certain conditions such as concrescence (not fusion and germination) and enamel pearl may be very difficult to identify or distinguish using conventional radiography and the role of advanced imaging technique will be mentioned. It is as such the intention of this unique book chapter to display in an Atlas work note format, the radiology of the developmental dental defects, with the intention to bring in the knowledge required to the undergraduate students of dentistry and postgraduate dentists and inclusive of the practicing clinicians in the field of dentistry.
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Agarwal, Ratish, Anjana Pandey, and Mahesh Pawar. "Cloud Security Using 2-Factor Image Authentication Technique." In Cloud Security, 1301–11. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8176-5.ch065.
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Cloud computing is being anticipated as the infrastructural basis of tomorrow's IT industry and continues to be a topic of interest of many new emerging IT firms. Cloud can deliver resources and services to computers and devices through internet. Since Cloud Computing involves outsourcing of sensitive data and critical information the security aspects of cloud need to be dealt carefully. Strong authentication, focusing mainly on user-authentication, acts as a pre-requisite for access control in the cloud environment. In this paper we discuss an efficient authentication mechanism to deal with the security threats that are faced by cloud. The method proposed in this paper prevents the confidential data and information of end users stored in a private cloud from unauthorized access by using a two-factor authentication involving shared image concept in addition with encrypted key authentication.MD5 hashing technique is used which takes binary pixel value of image as input and convert it into a 128-bit hash value. The overall process of authentication has been shown through experimental result and implementation which shows a series of snapshots taken from the chapter.
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Agarwal, Ratish, Anjana Pandey, and Mahesh Pawar. "Cloud Security Using 2-Factor Image Authentication Technique." In Detecting and Mitigating Robotic Cyber Security Risks, 135–47. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2154-9.ch009.
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Cloud computing is being anticipated as the infrastructural basis of tomorrow's IT industry and continues to be a topic of interest of many new emerging IT firms. Cloud can deliver resources and services to computers and devices through internet. Since Cloud Computing involves outsourcing of sensitive data and critical information the security aspects of cloud need to be dealt carefully. Strong authentication, focusing mainly on user-authentication, acts as a pre-requisite for access control in the cloud environment. In this paper we discuss an efficient authentication mechanism to deal with the security threats that are faced by cloud. The method proposed in this paper prevents the confidential data and information of end users stored in a private cloud from unauthorized access by using a two-factor authentication involving shared image concept in addition with encrypted key authentication.MD5 hashing technique is used which takes binary pixel value of image as input and convert it into a 128-bit hash value. The overall process of authentication has been shown through experimental result and implementation which shows a series of snapshots taken from the chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "PRE-REQUISITE TECHNIQUES"
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Kurzel, Frank, Jill Slay, and Yenha Chau. "Towards an Adaptive Multimedia Learning Environment." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2518.
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In this paper, we describe an evolving adaptive multimedia learning environment that utilises multimedia presentation techniques in its interface while still providing Internet connectivity for management and delivery purposes. The structure of the domain is based on concepts that can be presented in a variety of ways; multimedia players display the content on the client computer. A student and course model exists that determine what content item is presented, based on both student prior competencies (pre-requisite knowledge and skills) and preferences.
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Gunn, Robert. "Advances in the Application of Remote Weld Repairs." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30349.
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Weld repair sites in nuclear systems are very often located in high radiation areas in difficult to reach sites. Additionally it is usually a pre-requisite to shut down the reactor while the repair is performed, ideally during a scheduled maintenance outage. To minimize the risk of an extended outage it is of paramount importance to ensure the repair time is optimized and the technique is reliable. Technical solutions to complex remote weld repairs are rarely available “off the shelf”. While some commercially available products can be adapted to suit an application, the constraints of space, distance and radiation usually require novel and unique designs involving a variety of engineering skills. Of equal importance to the weld repair is the requirement to perform pre and post repair nondestructive examinations (NDE). The application of ultrasonic, eddy current and liquid penetrate examinations requires a similar level of engineering. This paper outlines some of the welding and NDE techniques developed to address unique repairs to nuclear systems.
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Newton, Christopher D., Steven P. Jordan, Martin R. Bache, and Louise Gale. "High Temperature Fatigue Assessment of a SiCf/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite Using Advanced Monitoring Techniques." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90355.
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Abstract Laboratory based experiments to assess the “damage tolerance” of any new material system are a pre-requisite to engineering design, especially for aerospace components. In the case of CMCs, macro-scale specimens are preferred containing representative fibre-matrix architectures that support the definition of mechanical properties under service representative stress states. The combination of complex internal structure and inevitable processing artefacts within CMCs provides numerous sites for damage initiation. Damage then progresses in an inhomogeneous manner prior to ultimate failure at some critical location. Traditional techniques employed for strain measurement (extensometry/strain gauges) prove to be ineffective tools when testing these advanced composites. More complex characterization is essential in order to assess the localised response of the material. Advanced techniques, specifically digital image correlation and acoustic emission, have been applied to the evaluation of an CVI/MI silicon carbide reinforced/silicon carbide CMC tested at the elevated temperature of 800°C under fatigue loading. The spatial and temporal indications of damage were correlated to the observable forms of damage initiation and progression. Ancillary use of an in-situ SEM loading stage provided insight into the crack opening and closing mechanisms active within this material when under cyclic stress.
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Chakrabarti, Amaresh, and Burkhard Wolf. "Reasoning With Shapes: Some Observations From a Case Study." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0166.
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Abstract Reasoning with shapes plays an essential role in mechanical design. Therefore, developing methods and techniques for supporting this activity is an important goal of design research. As a pre-requisite to this, it is crucial to understand how designers create, modify and consolidate shapes, and based on these, to identify areas where they need to be, and can be supported. The goal of this paper is to report some observations about the influencing factors and processes involved in reasoning with shapes, based on a case study of an in-house design project. Three questions were asked: (i) where did the initial ideas originate and why, (ii) what were the reasons for changing/modifying these, and how these changed, and, (iii) where did this stop and why. This paper provides a description and the results of the case study, involving observations and analyses of the above steps. The observations indicate that shape generation and modification is more significantly influenced by (i) the initial state of the design, (ii) identification, contextualisation and selection of criteria to apply for evaluation of that design state, and (iii) on the quality of evaluation of the design state, than by the generative changes, which often are simple adaptations of existing solutions.
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Pathy, Kuhanesapathy Thavaras, Khairul Amir Khazali, Clive Battisby, Grant Wallace, and Bruce Christie. "Operational Performance Training using High Fidelity Simulations and Advanced Human Performance Techniques." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208765-ms.
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Abstract High reliability, high potential risk industries, such as aviation, have recognised through root cause investigations that most accidents are the result of human errors. The O&G industry is no different and drilling is particularly reliant on human actions and interactions. In August 2020, the organisations mentioned above deployed a fully immersive On-The-Rig (OTR) Simulator for the execution of a Drilling-Well-On-Simulator (DWOS) project on the semi-submersible Maersk Developer to prepare the crew to drill the 1st Petronas Deepwater exploration well (name redacted to Well X) offshore Suriname. The offset well data showed a high-risk probability of Well control and stuck pipe in addition to other risks that required to be actively managed. The business partners created a high-fidelity / fully immersive DWOS by programming and conducting rig and well specific simulations. A combination of leading simulator technology with advanced human factors and technical coaching accelerated crew competence. The overall impact of the DWOS was significant both in terms of learning and operational impact: The well was best-in-class in cost – (Cost Per Foot) and best-in-class in Schedule – (Days Per Thousand Foot). There was NO stuck pipe or well control issues. The operator has now recommended DWOS for all future complex wells, under a pre-defined criteria. Initiatives or enterprises are only successful if there is full support and coordinated collaboration between the requisite parties. Three groups collaborated closely on the delivery of this coaching and training project, namely: the operator, the hardware and software provider and a specialist coaching and training company, utilising an OTR drilling simulator. It had already been identified that there had been significant challenges on offset wells and that several substantial lost time events had occurred. The coaching and training modules would therefore need to be created to prepare the crews in threat and error management of the anticipated hazards and those well construction tasks that had historically been troublesome, in this area. Well X was the operator's first deepwater venture offshore Suriname, (Block 52), in ‘mid-water’ at 520 meters. Block 52 is located north of the coast of Paramaribo, Suriname's capital city and is situated in the prospective Suriname-Guyana basin where several major hydrocarbon discoveries have been made recently. Block 52 covers an area of 4,749 km² with water depths ranging from 50 to 1,100 meters. Well X was planned as a five-string design with a contingency Liner. The objective of the project was to explore, test and evaluate the potential of hydrocarbons and to obtain sufficient geological and geophysical data for future exploration in the basin of offshore Suriname. On completion of the drilling and data acquisition the well was to be abandoned. The dual activity semi-submersible, Maersk Developer, was chosen to drill and abandon the well. The Developer had completed a campaign in March and vast majority of the crew were new to the rig but were working on other D Rig designed rigs in the Maersk fleet.
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Johnson, Andrew C., Jeffrey Miles, Laurent Mosse, Robert Laronga, Violeta Lujan, Niranjan Aryal, and Dozie Nwosu. "INTEGRATING A NOVEL CHLORINE MEASUREMENT WITH RESISTIVITY, DIELECTRIC DISPERSION, AND 2D NMR TO RESOLVE SALINITY AMBIGUITY: CASE STUDIES IN ORGANIC SHALE FORMATIONS." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0077.
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Formation water saturation is a critical target property for any comprehensive well log analysis program. Most techniques for computing saturation depend heavily on an analyst’s ability to accurately model resistivity measurements for the effects of formation water resistivity and rock texture. However, the pre-requisite knowledge of formation water properties, particularly salinity, is often either unknown, varying with depth or lateral extent, or is difficult to derive from traditional methods. A high degree of variability may be present due to fluid migration from production, water injection, or various geological mechanisms. In unconventional reservoirs, the complexity of the rocks and pore structure further complicates traditional interpretation of the available well logs. These factors introduce significant uncertainties in the computed fluid saturations and therefore can substantially affect final reserves estimates. A novel technique in geochemical spectroscopy has recently been introduced to distinguish the chlorine signals of the formation and borehole. The new, quantitative measurement of formation chlorine enables a direct calculation of bulk water volume for a given formation water salinity. When integrated into a multi-physics log analysis workflow, the chlorine-derived water volume can provide critical information on fluid saturations, hydrocarbon-in-place, and producibility indicators. This additional information is especially useful for characterizing challenging and complex unconventional reservoirs. We present the new technique through several full petrophysical evaluation case studies in organic shale formations across the U.S., including the Midland, Delaware, Marcellus, and DJ basins. We solve for formation-specific water salinity and bulk water volume through an optimization that combines chlorine concentration with resistivity and dielectric measurements. These outputs are integrated into comprehensive petrophysical evaluations, leveraging a suite of advanced well log measurements to compute final fluid and rock properties and volumetrics. The evaluations include geochemical mineralogy logs, 2D NMR analyses, dielectric dispersion analyses, basic log measurements, and multi-mineral models. The results underscore the utility of the new spectroscopy chlorine log to reduce petrophysical model uncertainties in an integrated workflow. While this workflow has been demonstrated here in several U.S. organic shale case studies, the fundamental challenges it addresses will make it a valuable solution for a range of unconventional reservoirs globally.
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Rai, Rahul, Abhishek Srivastava, Bernhard Knigge, and Aravind N. Murthy. "A Method for Characterizing the Head-Disk Interface Dynamics Near the Touchdown Conditions Using the Magnetic Fly-Height." In ASME 2020 29th Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2020-1961.
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Abstract Recent growth in the cloud storage industry has created a massive demand for higher capacity hard disk drives (HDD). A sub-nanometer head media spacing (HMS) remains the most critical pre-requisite to achieve the areal density needed to deliver the next generation of HDD products. Designing a robust head-disk interface (HDI) with small physical clearance requires the understanding of slider dynamics, especially when the head flies in proximity to the disk surface. In this paper, we describe a method using the magnetic read-back signal to characterize the head fly-height modulations as it undergoes a transition from a free-flying state to soft contact with the disk surface. A technique based on the magnetic fly-height sensitivity is introduced for the identification of the transition plane that corresponds to the onset of the touchdown process. Additionally, the proposed magnetic spacing based meteorology is used to study the effect of the air bearing stiffness on the magnitude of the slider vibrations induced by intermittent head-disk interactions. The information about the minimum spacing while maintaining the stable flying conditions can help in reducing the head-disk interaction risk that can enable a low clearance interface.