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1
Roman, Caterina G., and Nathan W. Link. "Community Reintegration Among Prisoners With Child Support Obligations: An Examination of Debt, Needs, and Service Receipt." Criminal Justice Policy Review 28, no. 9 (October 19, 2015): 896–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403415611460.
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In line with emerging work on the role of fatherhood in prisoner reentry, this study directs attention to the financial obligations that connect fathers to their families in reentry. Specifically, the study provides a descriptive picture of soon-to-be-released male state prisoners with child support obligations using a multi-state, longitudinal dataset, and examines whether characteristics of incarcerated men with child support orders and associated debt are significantly different from incarcerated males without child support orders. Whether males attached to comprehensive reentry programs received more services related to their debt obligation after prison release compared with non-program participants is also analyzed. Findings show that although prisoners identify having substantial needs vis-à-vis child support obligations, few reported receiving assistance related to these needs upon release. However, reentry program participants received significantly more child support–related services than non-program participants. Implications for community services and support for returning prisoners with child support orders and related needs are discussed.
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Bahry, Abdul-Rahman. "ARABIC LEARNING AND RELIGIOUS CONVERSION." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 14, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2019.14.1.1-15.
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The government of the State of Ohio has designed mandatory programs to help NRC’s female inmates to prepare themselves upon their release back to the community; one of the programs is Islamic education for Muslim prisoners. This program reserves as an opportunity for Muslim missionary (dai) for exercising dakwah (Islamic proselytization) activism, not only for Muslim prisoners, but also as a gate to introduce Islam to non-Muslim inmates. Particularly for the non-Muslim prisoners, they are interested in studying reading and writing Arabic as they are voluntarily joining the Arabic class. This article tries to over a new perspective on Islamic education and dakwah activism. Taking a close look at the lives of prisoners at the state prison of Ohio, this article mainly discusses the intermingled sphere of Islamic education for the Muslim and religious conversion. It further argues that teaching Arabic resorts as a gate for Muslim missionary to introduce Islam for Muslim prisoner who voluntarily participated in this language class and religious conversion to Islam often follows their participation. Thus, as the discussion of this article demonstrates, there has been a close connectivity between the ‘neutral’ language class with religious conversion.
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Glasser, Irene. "Parenting Programs for Imprisoned Mothers." Practicing Anthropology 14, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.14.3.w152212450n4k433.
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From 1987 to 1990 more than five hundred women participated in federally funded parenting programs at the Connecticut Correctional Institution at Niantic, the only women's prison in Connecticut. The major goal of the parenting programs was to maintain and strengthen the bond between incarcerated mothers and their children. Previous research had indicated that 70 percent of women prisoners are mothers of children under eighteen years old and that over 80 percent of the mothers intend to be reunited with their children after release. (See Phyllis Jo Baunach, Mothers in Prison, New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1988; and Linda Abram Koban, "Parents in Prison: A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Incarceration on the Families of Men and Women," Research in Law, Deviance, and Social Control 5[1983]: 171-183.) Issues of mothering are central to the lives of women prisoners, and strengthening a woman's self-identity as a mother and her knowledge and skills in parenting has been thought to have a major impact on her chances for success upon release from prison.
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Seiter, Richard P., and Karen R. Kadela. "Prisoner Reentry: What Works, What Does Not, and What Is Promising." Crime & Delinquency 49, no. 3 (July 2003): 360–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128703049003002.
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During the past decade, there has been a renewed interest in prisoner reentry. This is due to a change in many of the factors surrounding the release of prisoners and their reentry to the community. These changes include a modification of sentencing from the use of parole to determinate release with fewer ex-offenders having supervision in the community, an increased emphasis on surveillance rather than assistance for those under supervision, less community stability and availability of community social service support, and dramatically larger numbers returning to the community. More releasees are being violated and returned to the community than ever before. Therefore, it is important to identify prisoner reentry programs that work. We define reentry, categorize reentry programs, and use the Maryland Scale of Scientific Method to determine the effectiveness of program categories. We conclude that many such categories are effective in aiding reentry and reducing recidivism.
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Winterfield, Laura, and Jennifer Castro. "Matching Drug Treatment to Those in Need: An Analysis of Correctional Service Delivery in Illinois and Ohio." Justice Research and Policy 7, no. 2 (December 2005): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3818/jrp.7.2.2005.29.
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An ever-increasing number of prisoners need substance abuse treatment, yet state and federal governments continue to cut funding for prison programs. Given this increased need coupled with reduced service availability, two crucial questions arise: (1) Are limited drug treatment resources being targeted to those with the greatest need? and, (2) Is the most being made of these scarce resources by providing continuity of care? Through an analysis of pre- and post-release data collected from 576 prisoners in Illinois and Ohio, this study examines the degree to which prisoners with self-reported drug problems receive in-prison substance abuse treatment services, and then receive post-release treatment. The study also identifies several individual-level predictors of successful treatment matching and continuity. Although the study finds some evidence of treatment matching, its extent is far less than desirable, and there is minimal continuity of treatment from prison to the community. Collectively, the results suggest that differences in offender motivation and readiness for treatment as well as deficiencies in correctional service delivery play a major role in the success of treatment matching. Suggestions are offered for improvements in correctional policy and practice and for future research on these topics.
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Kruze, Elina, and Janis Priede. "Cost-effectiveness of prison system development - comparison of the European countries." European Integration Studies 1, no. 14 (October 22, 2020): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.14.26384.
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The possibility to achieve successful resocialization of former prisoners back into society is an ongoing public debate, making it challenging for policymakers to implement prisoner rehabilitation programs capable of maintaining the public safety while allocating public funds in the most efficient way. The main aim of this study is to examine what is necessary for an investment in prison system development to be justified. The hypothesis of this study suggests that such investment can be cost-effective by reducing crime and recidivism rates in the long term by ensuring proper rehabilitation of prisoners. Accordingly, this research compares various European countries regarding their imprisonment standards and costs in order to conclude which countries operate in the most effective way and what is crucial to obtain a decrease in the reoffending rates. The key results suggest that it is possible to find a correlation between such variables as the imprisonment costs, incarceration rates and the recidivism rates. It is possible to draw parallels between the amount of money countries spend on one prisoner a year and the recidivism rates of such countries, suggesting that the reoffending rates can be reduced by increasing the amount of resources allocated for the improvement of prisoner’s lives. Furthermore, such an investment should not only take the form of establishment of a proper environment for successful rehabilitation – prisoners should be provided with education and work possibilities to prepare them for life outside the prison walls. Moreover, the study highlights the need for post-release support mechanisms capable of re-integrating former convicts back into society, since such mechanisms could reduce the likelihood of re-offending.
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Park, Myeong In, and Jung Sik Gong. "Analysis of the effectiveness of Family Psychological Support Project for Pre-prisoners and their Families." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 21 (March 30, 2023): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2023.21.65.
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The disconnection from society resulting from long imprisonment among individuals with a criminal history renders them unable to readapt to society and they encounter various overlapping problems such as housing, economic conditions, and employment issues after their release, hindering their successful reintegration into society. Utilizing various supports and resources after their release is crucial in helping pre-prisoners adjust to society and prevent recidivism. Among these supports, the family is the most effective resource and strongest support system for helping pre-prisoners return to society and form the foundation for their recovery. However, families experience various psychological and practical difficulties due to the crimes of their family members, which can lead to crisis families and family disintegration. Therefore, there is an urgent need for practical support for pre-prisoners and their families. However, there is currently an insufficient level of effectiveness verification research or programs related to this, and practical institutional support is also inadequate. In this regard, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Family Psychological Treatment Support Project, which is part of the 『family psychological treatment support project, such as those subject to probation』 conducted by the Gyeonggi Branch of the Korea Justice Protection Welfare Corporation. The project aims to solve the problems of families who are experiencing a break in family relationships and communication due to crimes or imprisonment of pre-prisoners and to help restore family relationships. In terms of research methodology, items with high predictive power were selected based on the data of the Social Adjustment Predictive Index. The reconstructed Social Adjustment Predictive Index and Life Emotion Scale were then used as research tools. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were conducted when analyzing the data. The research analysis revealed that, firstly, there were statistically significant pre-post changes in investment for the future, family belief, and occupational self-efficacy among individual family counseling participants. Regarding gender characteristics, there were statistically significant changes in male resilience and female vocational self-efficacy, and by family status, there were also statistically significant changes in pre-prisoner resilience and family vocational self-efficacy. Finally, in terms of participation in counseling, the greatest effect of individual family counseling was found to be an increase in family trust. When participants participated in both individual family counseling and family counseling camps, resilience was high at a statistically significant level, suggesting that the family counseling camp's resilience strengthening program was effective. Based on these research results, the problems and supplementary points of the program were discussed in the conclusions and suggestions. Suggestions were made to provide a program that could achieve improved results in the future by adjusting the content of the program.
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du Toit, Sanetta Henrietta Johanna, Adrienne Withall, Kate O’Loughlin, Nikola Ninaus, Meryl Lovarini, Phillip Snoyman, Tony Butler, Katrina Forsyth, and Claire A. Surr. "Best care options for older prisoners with dementia: a scoping review." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 08 (August 2019): 1081–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219000681.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction:The prisoner population is ageing, and consideration is needed for how to best support those with age-related health conditions in the system. Existing work practices and organizational structures often fail to meet the needs of prisoners with dementia, and prison staff experience high levels of burden because of the increased needs of these prisoners. Little is known about the best method of responding to the needs of this growing subpopulation of prisoners.Method:A scoping review was conducted to answer the question: what are the perceived best care options for prisoners with dementia? To be included, publications had to be publicly available, reported on research findings, or viewed opinions and commentaries on care practices relevant to older prisoners with dementia. Searches were conducted in 11 databases to identify relevant publications. Data from the included publications were extracted and summarized into themes.Results:Eight themes were identified that could support better care practices for prisoners with dementia: (1) early and ongoing screening for older prisoners; (2) specialized services; (3) specialized units; (4) programs or activities; (5) adaptations to current contexts; (6) early release or parole for older prisoners with dementia deemed at low risk of reoffending; and (7) training younger prisoners (8) as well as staff to assist older prisoners with dementia. Besides practical strategies improving care practice, costs, prison-specific resources, and staff skills were highlighted as care barriers across all themes. A lack of empirical evidence supported these findings.Conclusion:One of the implications of the international ageing prison population is the higher number of people living with dementia being incarcerated. Suggestions for best care approaches for prisoners with dementia now need to move from opinion to empirical approaches to guide practice.
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Cambianica, Anna, Valentina Marchese, Francesca Pennati, Alessandro Faustinelli, Manuela Migliorati, Fabio Roda, Angiola Spinetti, et al. "Chronic Hepatitis C Cascade of Care in Prisoners—Is There Still Some Work to Do? Analysis of Two Large Penitentiaries in Northern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010104.
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Penitentiaries have a higher burden of communicable diseases compared to the general population. Prisoners should be tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and have direct access to treatment. We analysed the HCV cascade of care in two penitentiaries in Brescia, Northern Italy. At admission, prisoners are offered a voluntary screening for HCV, while patients with known infections are tested with an HCVRNA measurement. We performed an observational retrospective study including all the subjects admitted to the penitentiaries from 1 January 2015 to 31 October 2021. We conducted a descriptive analysis. During the study period, 5378 admissions were registered, and 2932 (54.5%) screenings were performed. Hepatitis C virus antibody positivity was found in 269 tests (9.2%). Hepatitis C virus RNA was detectable in 169 people. During the study period, 77 treatments with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) were administered. Follow-up was available in 45 patients, and sustained virological response (SVR) was documented in 44 of them. Retention in care occurred in less than half of the prisoners after release. Our data demonstrate poor screening adherence that could benefit from educational programs. Treatment rates could be improved with test-and-treat programs. More efforts are needed to eliminate HCV as a public threat by 2030. Dedicated local networks, including infectious diseases (ID) departments, substance abuse services and prisons, could mitigate these issues.
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Sunpuwan, Malee, Suchada Thaweesit, and Kanchana Tangchonlatip. "Perceived anxiety and depression and associated factors among women inmates with a long-term sentence in Thailand." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): e0299318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299318.
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Background In Thailand, the growing prevalence of mental health problems among the increasing number of adult female prisoners has emerged as a significant public health concern. However, studies on the health of women prisoners are primarily conducted in Western societies, and studies in other countries are rare. Thailand, a non-western country, is no exception to this. Objectives The objectives of this study were to assess the current levels of anxiety and depression among women drug offenders in Thailand and to identify possible associated factors. Methods Data were collected from a sample consisting of 554 women drug offenders serving sentences of eight years or more. Stratified random sampling with proportionate stratification was employed during the data collection. The female inmates were being held in three categories of prisons: correctional institutions, central prisons, and provincial prisons. A single question was used to measure self-perceived levels of anxiety and depression: none, moderate, or substantial. Ordered logit regression was employed in the data analysis. Findings One out of five (21.1%) of the inmates in the sample reported no perceived current anxiety and depression, 61.7% reported moderate anxiety and depression, and 17.1% reported having substantial perceived levels of anxiety and depression. It was found that chronic health conditions or disease, concerns about economic status, and feelings of shame were associated with the perceived anxiety and depression reported by the inmates. Conclusion The study’s findings suggest that integrated mental health services that emphasize a holistic approach that acknowledges the intersectionality of women’s mental health and societal gender roles should be provided in prisons. Regular mental health screening and accessible mental health services are essential for all incarcerated women. Empowerment programs during confinement can boost self-esteem and thus lead to better post-release outcomes. The government should also implement programs to alleviate the financial burden on prisoners’ households.
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Uddin, Irenonsen Oyaimare, Edwin Mbadiwe Igbokwe, and Michael Olatunji Olaolu. "Prison Farm Inmates’ Reformation and Rehabilitation." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 27, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.27.2.3.
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The main objective of this study was to assess farm management activities of prison farms in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey design. Most implemented programs in prison farms included crop production. Inmates preferred rice farming because it is a staple food with a readily available market to sell and make profit. There were no provisions made by the management of the prison farms visited to reach out to prisoners upon release. Agricultural activities that could increase inmates’ chances of gainful employment when released and channel energy and thoughts towards positive things motivated them to effectively participate in farm operations. To enhance inmates’ skills acquisition in agricultural vocations, more efforts should be made by the management of Nigerian prisons service to sustain fully implemented agricultural programs while attempts are made to fully implement other agricultural programs, especially in the areas of animal husbandry.
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Lee, Jane Jean-Hee, Vincent Guilamo-Ramos, Miguel Muñoz-Laboy, Kevin Lotz, and Lindsay Bornheimer. "Mechanisms of Familial Influence on Reentry among Formerly Incarcerated Latino Men." Social Work 61, no. 3 (April 26, 2016): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/sww023.
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Abstract In the United States more than 10,000 people are released from state and federal prisons every week and often reenter the communities in which they were arrested. Formerly incarcerated individuals face considerable challenges to securing employment and housing. Subsequently, approximately two-thirds of former prisoners are rearrested within three years of their release. Latino men represent the fastest growing ethnic group of prisoners in the United States with unique cultural and social needs during the reentry process. The present study examined the role of the family in the reentry process through in-depth interviews (N = 16) with formerly incarcerated Latino men (FILM). The authors sought to identify familial processes specific to Latino men with potential to affect engagement and participation in reentry programs. Findings suggest that family mechanisms of social control and social support influence FILM’s reentry. Social work practitioners who work with this growing population can engage familial processes to prevent recidivism and promote desistance.
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Bellair, Paul E., Ryan Light, and James Sutton. "Prisoners’ Personal Networks in the Months Preceding Prison: A Descriptive Portrayal." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18799575.
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This study examined personal networks of adult male prisoners ( N = 250) during a high-risk period prior to their incarceration. We present a descriptive portrait of network size, density, and relational type, and we then document the nature of ties within that network, focusing specifically on alters’ criminal involvement, criminal opportunity, and reinforcement of criminal behavior. We found that prisoners’ networks were large and dense, and that they were composed primarily of family and romantic partners. Most prisoners are not embedded in a personal network saturated with criminal influence before coming to prison. Yet, a small proportion are exposed to exceptionally negative influence, which, it is argued, may increase the risk of negative outcomes upon release if not addressed by evidence-based programs.
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Halushka, John M. "The Runaround: Punishment, Welfare, and Poverty Survival after Prison." Social Problems 67, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spz018.
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AbstractBased on 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork and 45 in-depth interviews with formerly-incarcerated men, this article explores how former prisoners navigate criminal justice and welfare bureaucracies in their daily lives. Formerly-incarcerated men must repeatedly engage with parole, public assistance agencies, transitional housing facilities, and community-based service providers to maintain freedom and access food, shelter, and rehabilitative services. Accessing resources requires the men simultaneously to manage multiple, overlapping entanglements across a fragmented network of bureaucracies. This runaround exacerbates the stress of poverty, breeds distrust of state authorities, and, in some cases, precipitates recidivism. Former prisoners learned how to cope with the runaround by treating systems navigation as a full-time occupation, but these skills did not translate into long-term economic security. Most study participants recurrently cycled between low-wage jobs, transitional housing facilities, and public assistance programs for years after release. This article illustrates the need to theorize prisoner reentry as a process that unfolds across a network of criminal justice and welfare bureaucracies and demonstrates how formerly-incarcerated men experience citizenship not only through coercive encounters with the criminal justice system but also through their simultaneous entanglements with safety-net bureaucracies.
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Kuziemko, Ilyana. "How should inmates be released from prison? An assessment of parole versus fixed-sentence regimes *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 1 (November 27, 2012): 371–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs052.
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Abstract Over the past 30 years, many states have abolished parole boards, which traditionally have had the discretion to release inmates before the expiration of their full sentence, in favor of fixed-sentence regimes in which the original sentence is binding. However, if prison time lowers recidivism risk and if parole boards can accurately estimate inmates’ recidivism risk, then relative to a fixed-sentence regime, parole can provide allocative-efficiency benefits (costly prison space is allocated to the highest-risk offenders) and incentive benefits (prisoners know they must reduce their recidivism risk to gain an early release, so invest in their own rehabilitation). Exploiting quasi-experiments from the state of Georgia, I show that prison time reduces recidivism risk and that parole boards set prison time in an allocatively efficient manner. Prisoners respond to these incentives; after a reform that eliminated parole for certain offenders, they accumulated a greater number of disciplinary infractions, completed fewer prison rehabilitative programs, and recidivated at higher rates than inmates unaffected by the reform. I estimate that eliminating parole for all prisoners would increase the prison population by 10% while also increasing the crime rate through deleterious effects on recidivism.
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I Gede Gita Ananda Putra, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Ida Ayu Putu Widiati. "Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pembebasan Narapidana di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Lapas Kerobokan Denpasar." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.3.1.4732.138-142.
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The Minister's decision caused the assimilation of up to 167 people in the head of the family in Indonesia. The public considers that the steps that have been taken by the government are not sufficient to reduce the spread of Covid-19, the community is of the opinion that inmates can live better and more comfortably in prisons if they carry out social distancing programs (physical distancing) together with complete control mechanisms. Not only that, public concern and anxiety will increase if prisoners who receive the Assimilation Rights Program repeat their crimes. The aims of this research are to discuss the requirements and factors that are used as the basis for the release of prisoners in Kerobokan Prison and what obstacles arise in the Implementation of Assimilation in Rutan IIA Kerobokan. This research method is empirical research using a sociological juridical approach. There are 3 sources of research material, namely primary, secondary and tertiary sources. The techniques used to collect data are library study techniques and interview techniques. The results of this study explain that in the implementation of the assimilation permit at the Class IIA Kerobokan Prison, this has been stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights based on the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 10 of 2020 and amended in the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 32 of 2020 concerning Terms and Conditions The method of granting has been refined to become digestion, probation, no early leave, and pre-compulsory leave for applications and children in avoiding and controlling the covid19 pandemic, as well as obstacles encountered, one of which was having passed half the penalty time.
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Lattimore, Pamela K., Christy A. Visher, Laura Winterfield, Christine Lindquist, and Susan Brumbaugh. "Implementation of Prisoner Reentry Programs: Findings from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative Multi-Site Evaluation." Justice Research and Policy 7, no. 2 (December 2005): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3818/jrp.7.2.2005.87.
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The multi-site evaluation of the federal Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) is assessing the impact on post-release offender behavior of reentry programs funded in 2002–2003 with more than $150 million in federal grant monies. The multi-faceted SVORI programs provide prison- and community-based services and programming to help released prisoners successfully transition from prison to the community. Each program was locally designed and, thus, the programs vary considerably in approach, services provided, and target populations. Although the primary purpose of the multi-site evaluation is to determine the impact of the SVORI programs, an implementation assessment is being conducted to characterize the programs in order to answer the question “impact of what?” This paper provides a brief background on prisoner reentry and the SVORI, and examines the implementation and structure of the 89 reentry programs operated by the 69 SVORI grantees. The findings, based on a program director survey, show that two years following the grant award only 74% of the programs reported being fully operational, and 31% of those reported taking more than 12 months to achieve full implementation. In addition, although most programs are targeting a broad range of offenders, enrollment of participants has proven to be a significant challenge in many sites where enrollments are below expectation. Finally, while most programs reported providing a variety of services and programs to participants, the types and quantities varied considerably among the programs.
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Ahmad, Afzal. "Sociodemographic Factors Contributing to Youth Recidivism; A Case Study of District Swabi." Global Anthropological Studies Review V, no. I (December 30, 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2022(v-i).04.
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Recidivism refers to the tendency of a person who has been released from prison to re-offend and return to prison. It is often measured by the percentage of individuals who are re-arrested, re- convicted, or re-incarcerated within a certain period of time after their release from prison. This study aims to identify the predictors of criminal recidivism in District Swabi. Data pertaining Ex-inmates' data was collected through interviews. Social stigma, unemployment, lack of reintegration, personal distress, violent prisoner, drug abuse, and lack of educational facilities were found to have effects on criminal recidivism, as the respondents revealed based on their experiences, and it is also revealed that such predictors if experienced, can lead to further reoffending. Various strategies have been proposed to address recidivism, including providing education and job training programs for prisoners.
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Sifunda, Sibusiso, Priscilla S. Reddy, Ronald Braithwaite, Torrence Stephens, Sibusisiwe Bhengu, Rob A. C. Ruiter, and Bart van den Borne. "The Effectiveness of a Peer-Led HIV/AIDS and STI Health Education Intervention for Prison Inmates in South Africa." Health Education & Behavior 35, no. 4 (August 21, 2006): 494–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106294894.
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This article reports on the effectiveness of the first systematically developed health education intervention for the reduction of risky sexual behavior among soon-to-be-released prisoners in South Africa. Data from three out of four prisons are eligible for data analysis including 263 inmates. Using a nested experimental design, short-term evaluation while inmates were still in prison demonstrate that experimental groups showed higher knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and had a more positive intention to reduce risky behavior than the control group in two out of three prisons. Long-term assessment 3 to 6 months after release from prison indicates that experimental groups were more positive about sexual communication, self-efficacy, and intention. Groups educated by an HIV-negative educator perform marginally better than those in groups with an HIV-positive peer educator. It is argued that peer-led health education programs may be effective in reducing risky behavior amongst soon-to-be-released inmates.
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Park, Myeong In, Jung Sik Gong, and Su Been Hong. "Psychological Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma of Pre-prisoners and their Families." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 20 (January 30, 2023): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2023.20.85.
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The reintegration of individuals with a criminal history into society after serving time in correctional facilities poses significant challenges for both the individual and their family. Approximately 60,000 such individuals are released back into society each year, and the impact of imprisonment and release can be deeply detrimental to the well-being of their families. The stigma faced by families of these individuals often leads to isolation and the loss of social connections, as well as exacerbating the practical difficulties they may experience. This stigma can also lead to negative experiences and increased suffering for the family, beyond that experienced by the individual with a criminal history. Given that the support and resources provided by the family can greatly contribute to the individual's successful reintegration and reduced likelihood of recidivism, it is important to protect families from social stigma and discrimination. However, research on the stigma faced by these families is limited, as are legal and support systems specifically geared towards them. This study aims to better understand the stigma faced by families of individuals with a criminal history, as well as the psychological factors that influence their perception of this stigma.
This study used descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, t-test, and regression analysis on a total of 127 data points collected from the 2022 Gyeonggi-do 『Psychological treatment support project for families of individuals on probation and others』. The data included 57 responses from individuals with criminal records and 70 responses from their family members.
As a result, there were statistically significant differences in the stigma perception of individuals with a criminal record and their families in terms of negative anger response, family predictability, drinking frequency, and drinking problems. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the rest of the variables, including the perception of stigma, indicating that the psychological state of the family is not significantly different from that of the individuals with a criminal history. The main psychological factors influencing the stigma of individuals with a criminal record and their families were found to be negative anger responses and negative self-concept. In addition, family predictability was identified as a psychological factor affecting self-stigma among families, suggesting that a greater degree of predictability among family members may be associated with higher levels of self-stigma and an increased number of negative predictions.
This study suggests the need for further research on the psychological state of families of individuals with a criminal history, as well as the implementation of ongoing educational and psychological support programs to address the challenges faced by these families. Additionally, it is important to consider expanding the legal system to provide practical support for these families.
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McKenzie, MPH, Michelle, Amy Nunn, MS, ScD, Nickolas D. Zaller, PhD, Alexander R. Bazazi, BA, and Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH. "Overcoming obstacles to implementing methadone maintenance therapy for prisoners: Implications for policy and practice." Journal of Opioid Management 5, no. 4 (January 29, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2009.0024.
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More than 2.4 million people are currently incarcerated in the United States, many as a result of drugrelated offenses. In addition, more than 200,000 active heroin addicts pass through the correctional system annually. New evidence suggests that both providing prisoners with referrals for community-based methadone programs and providing methadone prior to release reduces recidivism and adverse health and social consequences associated with drug use. This article reports the programmatic challenges associated with initiating methadone treatment in the Rhode Island correctional system. Significant obstacles to implementing methadone treatment include: stigma associated with pharmacological treatment, misconceptions regarding the nature of opioid addiction, logistics of control and storage of methadone, increased work load for nursing staff, and general safety and control concerns. The authors discuss strategies to address these barriers and conclude that providing methadone prior to inmate release is a feasible intervention with the potential to mitigate drugrelated health and social harms.
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Lind, Kalle, Anne H. Salonen, Johanna Järvinen-Tassopoulos, Hannu Alho, and Sari Castrén. "Problem gambling and support preferences among Finnish prisoners: a pilot study in an adult correctional population." International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2018-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence of potential problem gambling among Finnish prisoners; the associations between problem gambling and demographics, substance use and crime-related factors; and problem gamblers’ support preferences. Design/methodology/approach Prisoners (n=96) from two Finnish prisons were recruited between December 2017 and January 2018. The estimated response rate was 31 percent. Gambling problems were measured using the Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen. The participants were asked to report their gambling both for one year prior to their incarceration and for the past year. The independent variables were demographics (age, gender and marital status), substance use (alcohol, smoking and narcotics) and crime-related factors (crime type, prison type and previous sentence). Statistical significance (p) was determined using Fischer’s exact test. Findings Past-year pre-conviction problem gambling prevalence was 16.3 percent and past-year prevalence 15 percent. Age, gender, smoking, alcohol or illicit drug use were not associated with past-year problem gambling before sentencing. One-third of the prisoners (33.3 percent) who were sentenced for a property crime, financial crime or robbery were problem gamblers. One-quarter (24 percent) of all participants showed an interest in receiving support by identifying one or more support preferences. The most preferred type of support was group support in its all forms. Research limitations/implications It is recommended that correctional institutions undertake systematic screening for potential problem gambling, and implement tailored intervention programs for inmates with gambling problems. Originality/value This study provides a deeper understanding of problem gambling in prisons. Problem gambling is associated with crime and also seems to be linked with serving a previous sentence. Early detection and tailored interventions for problem gambling may help to reduce reoffending rates.
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Copic, Sanja, and Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic. "Raising awareness of prisoners about restorative justice and victims: An example of the program implemented in the women’s prison in Serbia." Temida 21, no. 3 (2018): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1803385c.
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Restorative justice is implemented in a variety of fields, contexts and situations. One possible way of implementing restorative justice is seen in introducing restorative approaches into the prison settings. It is argued that restorative justice can add more humanity into the prison system; it may help in treatment of prisoners and contribute to their preparation for the release and easier reintegration and social inclusion. Introducing victims? perspective, either through their direct involvement in restorative justice programs in prisons or through working on raising awareness of inmates about victims and their rights, needs and feelings, contributes to increase of the visibility of victims, their empowerment and healing. Taking that as a starting point, the article aims at presenting one possible way of introducing restorative justice into the prison setting through raising awareness programs for prisoners about restorative justice and victims? rights, which are implemented in some European and non-European countries. It particularly focuses on presenting the program on raising awareness about the impact of crime on a victim and on restorative justice, which was developed by the Victimology Society of Serbia as a part of its long-term advocacy and support to female prisoners. This is an integrated, gender-sensitive program developed in the spirit of positive criminology and victimology. It was piloted in 2015 in the women?s prison in Serbia. The program was implemented in a form of a series of six workshops followed by evaluation interviews with female prisoners who took part in the entire program. The program evaluation suggested that participants improved their overall knowledge related to victims; they also showed the desire to apologize to person(s) they had hurt and they recognized that the program had influenced them to change in a positive way, especially in terms of diverting from hurting others by a crime or other harmful acts. Participants also recognized the potential of restorative mechanisms in their relationship with their own victims, but also with other people. Evaluation showed that participants used learnt skills after the program ended, particularly communication skills in the spirit of restorative justice, focusing on the present moment and yoga nidra. Development and delivery of the victim awareness raising program piloted in the women?s prison in Serbia proved to be valuable learning experience. Keeping in mind lessons learnt, it is obvious that there is a need for broader use of restorative justice approaches in prison settings for both adults and juveniles in Serbia.
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Riley, Ben J., David Smith, and Michael F. Baigent. "Mindfulness and Acceptance–Based Group Therapy: An Uncontrolled Pragmatic Pre–Post Pilot Study in a Heterogeneous Population of Female Prisoners." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 15-16 (June 25, 2019): 2572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19858487.
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The rate of females imprisoned worldwide has increased by more than 50% during the last two decades, with recent figures suggesting that, worldwide, the female prison population may still be increasing at a faster rate than males. Despite prevalence rates for psychiatric conditions among female prisoners being significantly higher than males, there is a particular lack of programs specifically designed for women. This preliminary study evaluates the initial effectiveness of a mindfulness and acceptance–based group program in an uncontrolled pragmatic pilot study of a heterogeneous group of incarcerated women with a range of mental health issues. Participants were 59 incarcerated women who engaged in a 10-session group program. Outcome measures comprised the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, and three screening tools derived from the full version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), to measure depression, binge eating (Patient Health Questionnaire–Binge Eating Disorder [PHQ-ED]), and somatoform disorders (PHQ-15). Results of linear mixed modelling showed improvements in mindfulness and acceptance, and reductions in depression, anxiety, and somatoform symptoms. Furthermore, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was shown to be an acceptable and feasible intervention for female Indigenous Australian prisoners. A mindfulness and acceptance–based group approach appears to be feasible and acceptable in a prison environment for a female prisoners with a range of mental health symptomatology.
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Hwan, I. "Post-penitentiary Process of Resocialization of Convicts: Problems and Ways to Solve Them." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/56/35.
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Based on the study of the post-penitentiary period of the process of re-socialization of prisoners released from prison, the author of the article draws the following conclusions. The main problems of people after release are: socialization and adaptation in society, due to the lack of real opportunities to find a job, provide themselves with housing, and restore socially useful connections. In order to achieve the effectiveness of the process under consideration, it is necessary to adopt laws at the Federal level: On post-penitentiary resocialization of persons released from correctional institutions, On quotas for jobs for persons released from correctional institutions, On the post-penitentiary resocialization service for persons released from correctional institutions, which will comprehensively resolve complex issues and help reduce recidivism. In addition, it is necessary to increase the level of preventive work with prisoners in correctional institutions and apply differentiated social assistance programs for those released from prison.
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Azbel, Lyuba, Martin P. Wegman, Maxim Polonsky, Chethan Bachireddy, Jaimie Meyer, Natalya Shumskaya, Ainura Kurmanalieva, Sergey Dvoryak, and Frederick L. Altice. "Drug injection within prison in Kyrgyzstan: elevated HIV risk and implications for scaling up opioid agonist treatments." International Journal of Prisoner Health 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-03-2017-0016.
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Purpose Within-prison drug injection (WPDI) is a particularly high HIV risk behavior, yet has not been examined in Central Asia. A unique opportunity in Kyrgyzstan where both methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and needle-syringe programs (NSP) exist allowed further inquiry into this high risk environment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A randomly selected, nationally representative sample of prisoners within six months of release in Kyrgyzstan completed biobehavioral surveys. Inquiry about drug injection focused on three time periods (lifetime, 30 days before incarceration and during incarceration). The authors performed bivariate and multivariable generalized linear modeling with quasi-binomial distribution and logit link to determine the independent correlates of current WPDI. Findings Of 368 prisoners (13 percent women), 109 (35 percent) had ever injected drugs, with most (86 percent) reporting WPDI. Among those reporting WPDI, 34.8 percent had initiated drug injection within prison. Despite nearly all (95 percent) drug injectors having initiated MMT previously, current MMT use was low with coverage only reaching 11 percent of drug injectors. Two factors were independently correlated with WPDI: drug injection in the 30 days before the current incarceration (AOR=12.6; 95%CI=3.3-48.9) and having hepatitis C infection (AOR: 10.1; 95%CI=2.5-41.0). Originality/value This study is the only examination of WPDI from a nationally representative survey of prisoners where both MMT and NSP are available in prisons and in a region where HIV incidence and mortality are increasing. WPDI levels were extraordinarily high in the presence of low uptake of prison-based MMT. Interventions that effectively scale-up MMT are urgently required as well as an investigation of the environmental factors that contribute to the interplay between MMT and WPDI.
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Dos Santos, Ailton Luiz, and Dilson Castro Pereira. "Transforming lives behind bars: education and work as keys to social reintegration in the brazilian prison system." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 2 (February 14, 2024): e5108. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.2-084.
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This article discusses the relevance of education and work as foundations for social reintegration in the Brazilian prison system, focusing on how these elements can transform both the individual and the prison environment. The study discussed the following guiding question: to what extent do education and work within the prison system effectively contribute to the social reintegration of prisoners and what impact do these practices have on reducing criminal recidivism? The aim of this research was to understand the dynamics and results of education and work programs in prisons, analyzing how these initiatives influence the resocialization of inmates and their subsequent integration into society. The research method used was a qualitative literature review, based on academic studies and case studies. It was concluded that, despite implementation challenges such as limited resources and inadequate infrastructure, education and work programs are crucial for social reintegration, offering inmates essential skills and positive prospects for the future. In addition, the importance of integrated management strategies and the need for ongoing support after the release of inmates were noted. This research highlights the need for more efficient and humane public policies in the prison system, contributing to the reduction of criminal recidivism and promoting a prison environment more conducive to rehabilitation.
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Vaisman, Diana Cantini, and Tomer Einat. "Mental Health Outcomes for Female Inmates without a Mental Disorder: Imprisonment and Post-release Effects of Confinement with Women with a Mental Illness." Prison Journal 101, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 306–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00328855211010412.
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This study explores the well-being of women offenders without mental disorders during imprisonment and reentry after having been confined with mentally ill female inmates. We found that this joint confinement causes great distress to the mentally stable female inmates, harming both their mental, physical, and emotional condition and their reentry process and rehabilitation. Our findings led us to conclude that women prisoners should be separated from those with mental disorders or be offered a wide range of psychological and emotional coping tools as well as variety of rehabilitative treatment programs.
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Brown, Mark. "Refining the Risk Concept: Decision Context as a Factor Mediating the Relation Between Risk and Program Effectiveness." Crime & Delinquency 42, no. 3 (July 1996): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128796042003006.
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In meta-analyses of the rehabilitation literature, reoffending risk has been identified as a primary variable influencing program effectiveness. However, it is by no means clear to practitioners how this broad finding ought to be interpreted and what priority risk ought to be given among the range of considerations facing decision makers located at different points in the criminal justice system. This article uses data from a national random sample of New Zealand offenders to test the utility of the risk principle. The decision context chosen for this evaluation is the allocation of prisoners to programs at the point of release from custody. Findings indicate that while risk is closely associated with patterns of reoffending, other context-specific variables, such as the timing of release from custody, appear to interact with or mediate the effects of risk. Implications for practitioners wishing to utilize findings from the research literature are discussed.
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Yakovleva, Margarita, and Marina Dvorzhickaja. "PROBATION INSTITUTE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF FUNCTIONING." Penal law 18, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33463/2687-122x.2023.18(1-4).4.535-544.
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The article discusses the concept of probation, its purpose and objectives, as well as the relevance of the adoption of the relevant federal law in modern realities. It is noted that the probation institute is the most important tool for social adaptation, re-socialization, and social rehabilitation of convicts, but in our country it is at the initial stage of functioning. To determine the directions for improving this institution and the practice of its implementation, the international experience of probation is analyzed. It has been established that in a number of countries probation has been used for a long time, and helps prisoners to join social processes after release, and society to accept former convicts. Based on foreign experience, it is concluded that an effective measure to achieve the goal of probation is the creation of artificial conditions for prisoners’ self- government. Taking into account the constant digitalization of various spheres of public life, the creation of these conditions is proposed to be carried out using virtual reality programs for the education of convicts, the development of social skills, professional skills training, diagnostics and correction of behavior of convicts.
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Sabzi Khoshnami, Mohammad, Maliheh Arshi, Fardin Alipour, Mohhamad Hossein Javadi, Hassan Rafiey, and Sara Noruzi. "Guide to Social Work Intervention for Community Re-entry of Offenders With a History of Violence Against Individuals." Journal of Rehabilitation 22, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/rj.22.3.901.1.
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Objective: The re-entry of offenders to the community after their imprisonment is a sensitive and important stage and should always be considered by governmental and non-governmental organizations. The proper transition from prison to the community occurs when rehabilitation and social reintegration programs are developed and implemented based on the real needs of individuals. Social work is one of the professions that can help the judicial system with this issue. Many graduates of this profession provide social work services to prisoners and their families. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective operational solutions in accordance with the conditions of the country and formulate a specific framework. This study aims to prepare a guideline for specialized social work intervention for community re-entry of offenders with a history of violence against individuals. Materials & Methods: In this study, a qualitative approach was used to prepare the specialized guideline. First, the initial barriers and facilitators of successful community re-entry for offenders with a history of violence against individuals were prepared using thematic analysis. Then, based on the protocols of the social work process, the initial draft was developed. Next, at a focus group discussion session with faculty members and experts, the draft was reviewed and improved. To assess its applicability, we used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool. Results: Intertwined concerns, protective shields, welfare/economic security, social support, and achieving relative independence were identified as the five dimensions of successful community re-entry. The specialized social work interventions were presented after approval in four main stages: preparation for the case plan, development of the case plan, interventions and actions, and monitoring and review of interventions. The results of evaluation by AGREE tool showed an overall acceptable average of 58.7% (82.9% for scope and purpose, 88.1% for stakeholder involvement, 85.6% for rigor of development, 83% for clarity of presentation, 84.9% for applicability, and 89.8% for editorial independence). The users of this guideline are social workers and other professions related to prisons and training and security organizations, especially after-release care centers. Conclusion: Investing in rehabilitation programs for prisoners is one of the best and most cost-effective ways to prevent the reoccurrence of violence, which not only has beneficial effects on those concerned but also promotes public safety. This issue becomes important when social reintegration and rehabilitation programs are developed based on scientific approaches and perspectives. Future studies on the effectiveness of the developed guideline, considering the local conditions, can help identify the effective factors of re-entry to the community in newly released prisoners. The skills and capabilities of social workers in presenting specialized interventions and establishing professional and inter-organizational communication, supporting rules and programs, motivation, and enthusiasm of the offender to change can all contribute to the success of this guideline in achieving the defined goals.
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Datey, Purnima, Alex Hankey, and H. R. Nagendra. "Combined Ayurveda and Yoga Practices for Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Controlled Trial." Complementary Medicine Research 25, no. 1 (September 29, 2017): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000464441.
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Background: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in India is a cause for national concern, particularly the spiraling cost burden to the country. As one approach to stop its increase, Yoga medicine has been widely implemented, finding popularity with all social strata. Here, we report a study suggesting that treatment with fresh herbal juices and Yoga can improve the levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in people with pre-diabetes. Methods: Study design: 3-arm controlled trial 3 months in duration. Participants: 157 male prisoners with newly diagnosed, high fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels. Group interventions: (1) Rasahara and Yoga, (2) Yoga, (3) no intervention. Assessments: FBS and PPBS levels were measured every 2 weeks; HbA1c and blood lipids were determined pre- and post-intervention. Results: Significant decreases occurred in the FBS (-21.13 ± 21.16 mg/dl) and PPBS levels (-15.02 ± 14.89 mg/dl) in group 1 (both p < 0.0001) and in the FBS level (20.62 ± 32.68 mg/dl) in group 2 (p = 0.0005), while the increases in group 3 attained significance only for the PPBS level (9.62 ± 21.83 mg/dl) (p = 0.0022). Observed changes in HbA1c were: group 1, -0.044 ± 0.059 mg/dl; group 2, +0.024 ± 0.456 mg/dl (not significant); and group 3, +0.365 ± 0.369 mg/dl (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study of Yoga for the treatment of diabetes shows that all male prisoners could benefit from the Yoga prison programs. Addition of Yoga programs to state and federal activities at all levels is now national policy in India. Follow-up studies should be carried out to obtain more robust results.
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Gong, Jung Sik. "Validity of the Korean Social re-Integration Predictive Indicator for ex-offenders." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 19 (November 30, 2022): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2022.19.83.
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Historically, crime has occurred continuously, a risk factor promoting social anxiety worldwide. As it is impossible to solve the crime problem completely, the country has no choice but to manage crime prevention and countermeasures. Considering the social environment that avoids those with a criminal history, including pre-prisoners, severe punishments and social exclusion against them are expected to intensify. However, because we cannot wholly exclude or alienate them from our society, we must find a way to live harmoniously with them in our community. This study was conducted to verify the validity of the existing Korean Social re-Integration Predictive Indicator (K-SIPI) and improve its predictive power. In addition, we aimed to reduce the number of items with poor explanatory power on the life-emotional scale, which consisted of an excessive number of items that lessened the concentration of survey takers. To verify the validity, we conducted descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis, ROC analysis, etc., by randomly collecting 2,514 cases from the K-SIPI data of the Korea Justice Protection and Welfare Service. In addition, the level of social adaptation of the subject of legal protection was divided into high, medium, and low through ANOVA. As a result of the analysis, 86 items in the current K-SIPI were reconstructed into 63 items through validation. Reconstructing the test tool's items concisely is meaningful in that it can increase the concentration of survey takers and ensure more reliable test results. For discussion and suggestions, it is necessary to conduct further research on the scales or items removed by validating the current K-SIPI. The measures or items emphasized in previous studies showed weak predictive powers in our study. We discuss this as a result of the current K-SIPI being conducted in the early stages of preparing for social return after release (i.e., before the Korea Rehabilitation Agency exercises rehabilitation). Furthermore, the K-SIPI is used only for pre-test rather than for post-test, making it impossible to measure the effectiveness and analyze the performance of various protective treatment programs provided to the target. Thus, making it mandatory to conduct pre-and post- K-SPI is needed for the program's performance evaluation.
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Sneed, Rodlescia. "The Health and Well-Being of African-American Older Adults With a History of Incarceration." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1633.
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Abstract African-Americans are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Longer prison stays and release programs for older prisoners may result in an increased number of community-dwelling older adults with a history of incarceration. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in research on health-related outcomes for currently incarcerated older adults; however, there has been little inquiry into outcomes for formerly incarcerated African-American older adults following community re-entry. In this study, we used secondary data from the Health and Retirement Study to describe employment, economic, and health-related outcomes in this population. Twelve percent of the 2238 African-Americans in our sample had been previously incarcerated. Those who had been previously incarcerated had higher rates of lung disease, arthritis, back problems, mobility problems, and mental health issues than their counterparts. They also had higher rates of hospitalization and lower use of dental health services. Further, while they did not experience lower employment rates than those with no criminal history, those who had been incarcerated had more physically demanding jobs and reported greater economic strain. Given the disproportionate incarceration rates among African-Americans, the aging of the prison population, and the increase in community re-entry for older prisoners, research that explores factors that impact the health and well-being of formerly incarcerated individuals has broad impact. Future work should focus on addressing the needs of this vulnerable population of African-American older adults.
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Abbott, Penelope, Parker Magin, Sanja Lujic, and Wendy Hu. "Supporting continuity of care between prison and the community for women in prison: a medical record review." Australian Health Review 41, no. 3 (2017): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16007.
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Objectives The aim of the present study was to examine health information transfer and continuity of care arrangements between prison and community health care providers (HCPs) for women in prison. Methods Medical records of women released from New South Wales prisons in 2013–14 were reviewed. Variables included health status, health care in prison and documented continuity of care arrangements, including information transfer between prison and community. Associations were measured by adjusted odds ratios (AORs) using a logistic regression model. Text from the records was collected as qualitative data and analysed to provide explanatory detail. Results In all, 212 medical records were systematically sampled and reviewed. On prison entry, information was requested from community HCPs in 53% of cases, mainly from general practitioners (GPs, 39%), and was more likely to have occurred for those on medication (AOR 7.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.71, 13.50) or with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders (AOR 4.20; 95% CI 1.46, 12.11). At release, continuity of care arrangements and health information transfer to GPs were usually linked to formal pre-release healthcare linkage programs. Outside these programs, only 20% of records had evidence of such continuity of care at release, with the odds higher for those on medication (AOR 8.28; 95% CI 1.85, 37.04) and lower for women with problematic substance misuse (AOR 0.32; 95% CI 0.14, 0.72). Few requests for information were received after individuals had been released from custody (5/212; two from GPs). Conclusion Increased health information transfer to community HCPs is needed to improve continuity of care between prison and community. What is known about the topic? Many women in prison have high health needs. Health and well being are at further risk at the time of transition between prison and community. What does this paper add? This study provides evidence that outside formal programs, which are currently available only for a minority of women, continuity of care arrangements and transfer of health information do not usually occur when women leave prison. Pragmatic choices about continuity of care at the interface between prison and community may have been made, particularly focusing on medication continuity. Barriers to continuity of care and ways forward are suggested. What are the implications for practitioners? Siloing of health care delivered within prison health services through lack of continuity of care at release is wasteful, both in terms of healthcare costs and lost opportunities to achieve health outcomes in a vulnerable population with high health needs. There is need for an increased focus on continuity of care between prison and community health services, HCP support and training and expansion of pre-release planning and healthcare linkage programs to assist larger numbers of women in prison.
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Harris, James, Ruth Elwood Martin, Heather Filek, Ann C. Macaulay, Jane A. Buxton, Marla Buchanan, Mo Korchinski, Veronika Moravan, and Vivian Ramsden. "Familial support impacts incarcerated women ' s housing stability." Housing, Care and Support 18, no. 3/4 (December 21, 2015): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-05-2014-0012.
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Purpose – This participatory health research project of researchers and women prisoners examined housing and homelessness as perceived by incarcerated women to understand this public health concern and help guide policy. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A participatory research team designed and conducted a survey of 83 incarcerated women in BC, Canada. Using descriptive statistics, the authors examined socio-demographic factors related to social support networks and family housing and women’s housing preference upon release. Findings – In total, 44 percent of participants reported no family home upon release while 31 percent reported lost family ties due to their incarceration. Most vulnerable subpopulations were women aged 25-34, aboriginal women and those with multiple incarcerations. Housing preferences differed between participants suggesting needs for varied options. Further implementation, evaluation and appraisal of social programs are required. Research limitations/implications – This study surveyed one correctional facility: future research could utilize multiple centers. Practical implications – Addressing housing instability among released incarcerated individuals is important fiscally and from a public health lens. Improved discharge planning and housing stability is needed through policy changes and social programs. A social support network, “Women in2 Healing,” has developed from the research group to address these issues. Social implications – Housing stability and recidivism are closely linked: providing stable housing options will lessen the social, fiscal and medical burden of individuals returning to crime, substance abuse, illness and poverty. Originality/value – Housing instability addresses an important social determinant of health and focussing on incarcerated women builds upon a small body of literature.
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Maschi, Tina, Suzanne Marmo, and Junghee Han. "Palliative and end-of-life care in prisons: a content analysis of the literature." International Journal of Prisoner Health 10, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 172–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-05-2013-0024.
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Purpose – The growing numbers of terminally ill and dying in prison has high economic and moral costs as global correctional systems and the society at large. However, to date little is known about the extent to which palliative and end-of-life care is infused within global prison health care systems. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the literature by reviewing and critically appraising the methods and major findings of the international peer-reviewed literature on palliative and end-of-life care in prison, identify the common elements of promising palliative and end-of-life services in prison, and what factors facilitate or create barrier to implementation. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis was conducted of the existing peer-reviewed literature on palliative and end-of-life care in prison. English-language articles were located through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals, such as Academic Search Premier Literature databases using differing combinations of key word search terms, “prison,” “palliative care,” and “end-of-life care.” A total of 49 studies published between 1991 and 2013 met criteria for sample inclusion. Deductive and inductive analysis techniques were used to generate frequency counts and common themes related to the methods and major findings. Findings – The majority (n=39) of studies were published between 2001-2013 in the USA (n=40) and the UK (n=7). Most were about US prison hospice programs (n=16) or barriers to providing palliative and end of life care in prisons (n=10). The results of the inductive analysis identified common elements of promising practices, which included the use of peer volunteers, multi-disciplinary teams, staff training, and partnerships with community hospices. Obstacles identified for infusing palliative and end-of-life care in prison included ethical dilemmas based on custody vs care, mistrust between staff and prisoners, safety concerns, concern over prisoners’ potential misuse of pain medication, and institutional, staff, and public apathy toward terminally ill prisoners and their human rights to health in the form of compassionate and palliative care, including the use of compassionate release laws. Research limitations/implications – Implications for future research that foster human rights and public awareness of the economic and moral costs of housing the sick and dying in prisons. More research is needed to document human rights violations as well as best practices and evidence-based practices in palliative and end-of-life care in prisons. Future studies should incorporate data from the terminally ill in prison, peer supports, and family members. Future studies also should employ more rigorous research designs to evaluate human rights violations, staff and public attitudes, laws and policies, and best practices. Quantitative studies that use experimental designs, longitudinal data, and multiple informants are needed. Qualitative data would allow for thick descriptions of key stakeholders experiences, especially of the facilitators and barriers for implementing policy reform efforts and palliative care in prisons. Practical implications – This review provides a foundation on which to build on about what is known thus far about the human right to health, especially parole policy reform and infusing palliative and end-of-life care for the terminally ill and dying in prisons. This information can be used to develop or improve a new generation research, practice, policy, and advocacy efforts for that target terminally ill and dying in prison and their families and communities. Social implications – There are significant social implications to this review. From a human rights perspective, the right to freedom from torture and cruel and unusual punishment is a fundamental human right along with prisoners’ rights for an appropriate level of health care. These rights should be guaranteed regardless of the nature of their crime or whether they are in a prison placement. The information provided in this review can be used to educate and possible transform individual's and society's views toward the terminally ill and dying who are involved in the criminal justice system. Originality/value – This paper extends the extant literature by using both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to organize, summarize, and critically analyze the international literature on palliative care and end of life care in prison. This review is designed to increase awareness among the international community of the pain and suffering of the terminally ill in prison and the facilitators and barriers to providing them compassionate care while in custody.
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Kondakova, Tetiana. "EXAMINATION OF TYPES OF INFLUENCES OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA, ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC EXAMPLES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTIC IN THE ASPECT OF CURRENT NEEDS OF UKRAINE." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (December 17, 2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-24-32.
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This article analyzes the impact of the Ukrainian diaspora on Ukraine using an extensive survey of more than sixty opinion leaders, scholars, representatives of Ukrainian organizations in the diaspora, as well as data shared by these organizations and relevant scientific literature. The article attempts to identify the main types of influences by areas and nature of the activity of the diaspora. One type of influence of the diaspora is informational or propaganda influence. Through the Ukrainian media, literature, art, scientific works, petitions, actions, and protests, the Ukrainian diaspora promotes information about Ukraine, contributing to the creation of a positive international image for the country. During the massacres and imprisonment of Ukrainian dissidents worldwide, student and human rights organizations set up committees to defend political prisoners under the leadership of Ukrainian diaspora representatives. The struggle for the release of Ukrainian political prisoners was also waged by the Ukrainian media that published self-published works (samvydav), research, memoirs, and documents of many Ukrainian political prisoners, documents and bulletins of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, as well as many other materials about Soviet arbitrariness in Ukraine. Today, all Ukrainian diaspora organizations, to a greater or lesser extent, are fighting against Russian propaganda. Another type of influence of the diaspora is political influence, i.e., the ability of the diaspora to facilitate the adoption of political decisions beneficial to Ukraine by their host countries. Ukrainian diasporas are actively lobbying for Ukraine’s interests, which resulted in the proclamation of Captive Nations Week in the USA, recognition of the Holodomor as genocide of the Ukrainian people in 17 countries, the introduction of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act and other bills to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, establishment of support groups for Ukraine in the US and Canadian Parliaments, adoption of numerous laws and political documents worldwide that condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, impose sanctions on the Russian Federation, and create a legal basis for providing financial, humanitarian, and military assistance to Ukraine. The economic or financial influence of the Ukrainian diaspora on the homeland is represented by remittances sent by representatives of the diaspora to their relatives who still live in Ukraine and by financial aid provided to Ukraine by diaspora organizations and patrons to achieve specific goals. Thanks to the diaspora efforts, millions of dollars in assistance were provided to Ukraine during the years of its independence. Significant results have been achieved in the field of cultural and educational impact. The most notable examples of educational and cultural influence are the return of Ukrainian folklore and traditions to Ukraine taken away by the Soviet oppression; the establishment or restoration of organizations such as Plast, the Shevchenko Scientific Society, the Ukrainian Youth Association; organization of internship programs for Ukrainian students and young specialists; creation of advisory programs for the Government of Ukraine with the participation of highly-qualified Western specialists; transfer of know-how; and creation of training programs for Ukrainian police and army. Specific examples given in the article can demonstrate the extraordinary efforts made by the diaspora to support and assist Ukraine.
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Alemineh, Yeshiwas Tigabu, Mesfin Dessiye Abegaz, and Nahom Eyasu Alemu. "Incarcerated women’s lived experience: a study in Dessie and Woldia correctional centers, Ethiopia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-07-2021-0045.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the reasons for and the challenges of women’s incarceration coupled with the threats for their reintegration upon release with a focus on the correctional centers at Dessie and Woldia cities. Design/methodology/approach This study used quantitative and qualitative research methods with cross-sectional and descriptive research design used to collect the quantitative data, and key informant interviews and participant observation were used to collect the qualitative data. A sample of 60 women prisoners was taken from both correctional centers. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively Findings Findings of the study indicate that family backgrounds, gender-based violence, illiteracy and socio-economic problems were the causes for the women’s imprisonment. The women perpetrators were mainly accused of theft, vandalism, murder and moral perversion. Poor detention environment, worry for the family breakup, emotional instability, financial hardships and deprivation of spiritual life were the major sources of distress among the incarcerated women, whereas social stigma, lack of trust and fear of revenge were the threats to reintegrate to their families and communities. Research limitations/implications This study involved incarcerated women at the correctional centers in Dessie and Woldia who committed various types of crimes. Because the informant women were imprisoned for violating certain established rules and regulations, they might have withheld some relevant issues to this research, which they thought were secret and personal. In addition, the women at the correctional centers might not have felt secure to speak more openly about their worst experiences at prison for fear they should face administrative challenges stemming from disclosing their real-life situations as incarcerated persons. The authors thus believe that further research is needed to uncover facts about women’s criminality and the experiences of women inmates at correctional centers. Practical implications The findings of this research do have practical implications as explained below. The local government sectors and non-governmental organizations will benefit from the study so as to develop feasible strategies to mitigate women’s criminality and scale down the increasing number of female perpetrators (prisoners). Local government and non-governmental entities (bodies) can easily identify the violent behaviors of husbands that cause women’s criminality and design comprehensive awareness creation strategies toward reducing hostile gender relations. Governmental and non-governmental stakeholders including the local communities will be able to advocate gender equality programs aiming at eliminating gender discrimination and abuses that exacerbate women’s criminality. Incarceration centers will improve access to education and vocational training to female inmates so that beneficiaries will acquire relevant knowledge and skills to enter into the local labor market to sustain themselves and their families upon release from prison. Originality/value This is an original paper with a fresh perspective regarding the lived experiences of women at the prisons of study area guided by popular criminological theories. Thus, the research work would be used as a literature of the study area and help government and non-government bodies to prepare policies and guidelines. Most particularly, the Woldia and Dessie correctional centers would benefit from this paper to develop essential plans and take measures about the adverse situation of incarcerated women.
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Laili, Nurul, Megah Andriany, Anggorowati Anggorowati, and Ainul Yaqin Salam. "Coping Of Pre-Release Women’s Prisoners." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2018.6(2).1-6.
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<p><em>Coping of women’s prisoners could changed in various conditions, one of them when they were in pre release condition. Various kinds of coaching has been done, however, did not close possibility of maladaptive coping still found on women’s prisoners pre release. The aim of this study was to identity the coping of women’s prisoners pre release in Prison.This study used quantitative descriptive. The number of samples in this study were 26 women’s prisoners pre-release. Sampling by purposive sampling technique. The data were compiled with a Ways of Coping Scale questionnaire according to Lazarus and Folkman (1984) consisting of 60 statements divided into two types, namely 20 emotion-focused coping statements and 40 problem-focused coping statements. This study was conducted in one of the Prison in Indonesia. The analysis of this study used univariate and frequency distribution. The results showed that women’s prisoners who used emotion-focused coping as much as 57.69% in passable category and 42.31% have poor category. While respondents who used problem-focused coping as much as 7.69% in good category, 84.62% passable and 7.69% poor category.Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that women’s prisoners pre release used both types of coping and majority of respondents were categorized as good enough and less good. Women’s prisoners who had passable coping category risky lead for poor coping and poor coping could lead to maladaptive coping, so that they could harm himself and others.Therefore, it was necessary to do deeper screening of coping women’s prisoners pre release.The results of this study could be used as a reference in determining the appropriate intervention for preparation of women’s pre release and return to the community.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><em>: coping, prisoners, Women, pre release</em></p>
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Ельчанинова, О. Ю. "Higher education for convicts provided in foreign correctional institutions with the help of distance learning technologies." Penitentiary Science 17, no. 3(63) (September 29, 2023): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764.2023.63.3.012.
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Введение: проблема низкого уровня образования лиц, отбывающих наказание в исправительных учреждениях, существует во всех странах. Кроме того, правонарушители, попа- дающие в тюрьму с низким уровнем общей и цифровой грамотности, находясь в изоляции от общества, оказываются неподготовленными к условиям быстро меняющегося мира. Все это создает условия для увеличения социальной маргинализации заключенных и, как следствие, роста рецидивной преступности. Поэтому получение осужденными образования, повышение их образовательного уровня являются одним из эффективных методов ресоциализации и снижения показателя рецидива, создают возможности для повышения их конкурентоспособности на рынке труда после освобождения. В пенитенциарных учреждениях в большинстве стран для осужденных предусмотрены разноуровневые программы обучения. С точки зрения реализации права осужденных на высшее образование наибольшие сложности в правовом и организационном аспектах существуют в учреждениях уголовно-исполнитель- ной системы, исполняющих наказания, связанные с изоляцией осужденных от общества, поэтому в работе акцент сделан именно на этой категории. Целью исследования является изучение возможности получения заключенными высшего образования с применением дистанционных технологий в исправительных учреждениях зарубежных стран. Задачи: систематизировать эмпирические данные по пенитенциарным системам зарубежных стран, моделям и формам дистанционного обучения осужденных по программам высшего образования; определить источники финансирования и стимулы осужденных к получению высшего образования в местах лишения свободы; проанализировать проблемы реализации программ высшего образования в пенитенциарных учреждениях зарубежных стран. Методы: диалектический метод, который применялся для рассмотрения взаимосвязанных и взаимозависимых понятий «образование» и «исправление», принципов, требований дистанционного обучения лиц, содержащихся в пенитенциарных учреждениях зарубежных стран; формально-юридический и герменевтический методы, позволившие провести анализ законодательных и иных нормативно-правовых документов по теме; логико-семантический метод, использовавшийся для определения сущности и значимости форм и методов дистанционного обучения, оказывающих воздействие на осужденных; структурный и сравнительно-правовой методы, применявшиеся в выявлении этапов и особенностей развития дистанционного обучения осужденных по программам высшего образования в пенитенциарных системах зарубежных стран. Результаты: исследование позволяет оценить модели профессионального образования в ряде зарубежных стран, направленные на развитие способностей и постоянное обновление знаний осужденных в целях их гарантированного трудоустройства после освобождения. Выводы: большинство стран признает ценность тюремного образования как способа реинтеграции осужденных. Образование является частью более широкого спектра предлагаемых видов деятельности, которые направлены на достижение комплексной цели по их исправлению и снижению уровня рецидивной преступности. Повышение образовательного уровня осужденных способствует их конкурентоспособности после освобождения. Образовательные программы реализуются в разных формах: от очных некредитных семинаров, про- водимых волонтерами, до составления бизнес-плана с присвоением степени. Процесс обучения, как правило, осуществляется в смешанном формате. Для проведения очных занятий в исправительные учреждения приезжают преподаватели и студенты университетов. Образовательные программы корректируются в зависимости от профиля осужденных в той или иной стране. Наиболее эффективными являются программы, учитывающие локальную обстановку и индивидуальные потребности осужденных. Во многих зарубежных странах созданы условия для реализации образовательных программ высшего образования для лиц, находящихся в условиях изоляции, с применением дистанционных образовательных технологий. Вопрос предоставления осужденным образовательных услуг решается исходя из возможностей образовательной организации и самого исправительного учреждения. Но ввиду низкой доступности этого уровня образования процент осужденных, получающих академические степени в условиях исправительного учреждения, в зарубежных странах остается невысоким. Introduction: the problem of the low level of education of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions is worldwide. In addition, offenders with a low level of general and digital literacy, being isolated from society, find themselves unprepared for the conditions of a rapidly changing world. All this creates conditions for increasing social marginalization of prisoners and, as a result, spreading recidivism. Therefore, obtaining education by convicts and increasing their educational level is one of the effective methods of resocialization and reducing recidivism rates; besides, it creates opportunities to increase their competitiveness in the labor market after release. Multi-level convict training programs are implemented in penitentiary institutions of most countries. It is most difficult to realize convicts’ right to higher education in institutions of the penal system that execute punishments related to the isolation of convicts from society, therefore, the emphasis is placed on this category. Purpose: to study the possibility for prisoners to receive higher education with the help of distance technologies in foreign correctional institutions. Research objectives: to systematize empirical data on penitentiary systems of foreign countries, models and forms of distance learning of convicts undertaking higher education programs; to identify sources of funding and incentives for convicts to receive higher education in places of deprivation of liberty; to analyze problems of implementing higher education programs in penitentiary institutions of foreign countries. Methods: dialectical method, used to consider interrelated and interdependent concepts “education” and “correction”, principles, and requirements of distance learning of persons held in penitentiary institutions of foreign countries; formal legal and hermeneutic methods, applied to analyze legislative and other regulatory documents on the topic; logical semantic method, used to determine the essence and significance of forms and methods of distance learning that have an effect on convicts; structural and comparative legal methods, applied to identify stages and features of the development of distance learning in higher education programs in penitentiary systems of foreign countries. Results: the study makes it possible to evaluate models of vocational education in a number of foreign countries aimed at widening convicts’ abilities and knowledge in order to guarantee their employment after release. Conclusion: the author comes to the conclusion that most countries recognize the value of prison education as a way of reintegration of convicts. Education is part of a wider range of proposed activities that are aimed at achieving a comprehensive goal of correcting them and reducing recidivism rates. Improving the educational level of convicts contributes to their competitiveness after release. Educational programs are implemented in various forms: from face-to-face non-credit workshops conducted by volunteers to drawing up a business plan with a degree. The learning process, as a rule, is carried out in a mixed format. Teachers and university students come to correctional institutions to conduct face-to-face classes. Educational programs are adjusted depending on the profile of convicts in a particular country. The most effective programs are those that take into account the local situation and individual needs of convicts. In many foreign countries, conditions are created for the implementation of educational programs of higher education for people in isolation with the use of distance education technologies. The issue of providing educational services to convicts is resolved based on the capabilities of the educational organization and the correctional institution itself. However, due to the low availability of this level of education, the percentage of convicts receiving academic degrees in a correctional institution remains low in foreign countries.
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Dewangga, Mahendra Wahyu, Ekan Faozi, Ribka Vlorentyna Wilger, and Tri Novaliano Rechtsi Medistianto. "Effect of Resistance Training with Gym Machines On Muscle Strength and Body Mass Index in Obese Women Student College." Retos 56 (May 10, 2024): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104022.
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Several countries have high obesity rates. Obesity poses serious health risks that require effective treatment. Too much fat reduces muscle strength, affecting obesity. Resistance training can overcome weight gain and muscle loss. Resistance training with gym machines for obese women is understudied. The effects of gym machine resistance training on muscle strength and BMI can help physical trainers design appropriate exercise programs. This study examines how gym-machine resistance training affects muscle strength and BMI in obese women. One pre- and post-test group included 30 obese 17-25-year-old women. Resistance training uses gym machines to target major muscle groups and lose fat. Prisoners are trained three times a week for ten weeks under supervision. Resistance exercises include lati pulldown, abdominal crunch, cable curl, chest press, and leg press. The one-repetition maximum (1RM) test measures muscle strength, while height and weight calculate BMI. Paired difference test (paired sample t-test) effect was then tested. Ten weeks of resistance training led to significant muscle strength gains across all measures (p < 0.05). Moreover, the resistance training group demonstrated a significant BMI reduction (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that gym-machine resistance training can help obese women lose weight and gain muscle. Resistance training on gym machines can help obese women lose weight and build muscle. This study suggests systematic resistance training can improve muscle fitness and weight control in this population. Long-term health and well-being effects of these therapies can be examined. Keywords: Resistance Training, Obesity, Women, Muscle Strength, BMI.
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Wendt, Sarah, and Heather Fraser. "Promoting gender responsive support for women inmates: a case study from inside a prison." International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-03-2018-0011.
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Purpose Most women who serve time in prison will eventually be released and expected to reintegrate back into society. To maximize the chances of success, careful support is usually required. An example of this support work was the Healthy Relationships Program (HRP, 2016) offered to women inmates of the Adelaide Women’s Prison (South Australia) pre-release. The content of the HRP was influenced by a gender-responsive framework and constructed as a social work program. The purpose of this paper is to report on a small qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews pre- and post-program to explore women participants’ expectations, perceptions and experiences of the program. In this paper, the focus is on the women inmates’ interview transcripts where a thematic analysis was conducted. Two main research questions drove this analysis. First: How did the women experience the HRP? Second: What does their reported experience reveal about the ongoing need for gender-responsive support? The key findings are that domestic violence and relationships with children are strong motivators for participation in programs; therefore, gender-responsive support is still required in prison programs. However, the paper also advocates that future iterations of gender-responsive support and social work interventions become more consciously intersectional feminist in orientation. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative design was used to explore what women thought the HRP taught them. Individual face-to-face interviews were used to explore women’s perceptions, ideas and experiences of healthy relationships. Thematic analysis was used to draw out the themes across interviews. Findings The key arguments made are that gender-responsive support is still required but that future iterations of gender-responsive support become more consciously intersectional feminist in orientation. Research limitations/implications The researchers experienced strict time restrictions to conduct interviews and therefore depth was somewhat compromised. To try and compensate for this restriction, the researchers visited potential participants as part of program recruitment and information sharing to help enable and build general rapport before the interviews. Time restrictions and prison security protocols did not allow for researchers to check transcripts with the women. Practical implications Reporting on this case study also showed that social work practice can influence relationships with institutions, such as prisons, that perpetrate marginalization and therefore enable a setting that facilitates safe participation in programs. Social implications Gender-responsive frameworks provide the much needed validation of gender differences, but also require a feminist intersectional lens to more consciously aid in the conceptualization and evaluation of future programs for women in prison. It is this intersectional lens that is more likely to bring multiple experiences of oppression into focus so that personal issues and problems can be analyzed in a richer wider social context, particularly intersections between gender, class and/ethnicity race. Originality/value This paper has reported on women’s expectations and experiences of a health relationships program and provides insight and learnings for future practitioners intending to run similar programs. Overall, the women participants were able to articulate their own personal learnings about interpersonal relationships and were able to acknowledge the impacts of abuse and violence in their lives in the program.
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Alsufyani, Abdullah H., Suheir A. M. Sayed, Mohammed Almalki, Bader M. Alsufyani, and Bandar R. Alsufyani. "Impact of Emergency First Response for Adolescents in Observation House in Taif, KSA." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221097.
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Background: The observation house in Taif is one of the social homes of the ministry of social affairs, which deals with the refinement, reform, and care of juveniles from the age of 12 to 18 years for whom the quantities are estimated to commit crimes of whatever crime, from minor and ordinary crimes to murders and this house is located north Taif City. Crisis first reaction alludes to the crisis or prompt consideration you ought to give when an individual is harmed or sick until full clinical therapy is accessible standard first aid training is done in this study. Aim: To evaluate the impact of emergency first response training among adolescents and workers in the observation house. Methods: Pre and post single arm community-based study design for Adolescents and workers in observation house in Taif City. Study duration from September 2020 to March 2021.data collected by standardized, close ended questionnaire for awareness through direct interview and observation checklist for emergency first response Care. Total coverage was taken during study duration. the study samples wear 100 (40 workers and 60 prisoners).the study had three phases and all participant pre assessment was done to find out the awareness and response needs during health emergencies and the intervention was designed according to the needs. The outcomes of the intervention were measured by comparison pre and post intervention scores. Data were analyzed by utilizing Levene's test for correspondence of differences and T – Test for uniformity of means Result: We have eight outcom to measure pre and post intervention, the results showed that all the variables tested there are an increase in post training scores, solely based on mean and deviation, compared to pre intervention. The results A two-tailed independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean difference in overall score between pre intervention and post intervention (n = 100). The Type I error rate was set at alpha = 0.05. The results showed the average overall mean score is less in pre intervention (M = 3.311, SD = 1.7485) than for post intervention (M = 11.556, SD = 0.5647), t(119,43) = 44.873, p = .000. Conclusion: emergency first response training in observation home given the adolescent's and worker's limited prior knowledge, it appears to be highly effective. One month following training, we saw substantial improvement and a high performance rate. Increasing the number of trained personnel in the observation house saves lives by reducing the number of persons who are injured or killed as a result of a delayed or inadequate response. While waiting for professional assistance, take urgent action and implement the right strategies., researchers recommended add the emergency first response to programs and activities that are provided to adolescents in the observation houses.
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Ismail, Khamsiah, Nor Faridah Abd. Manaf, Farizah Jaafar, and Che Noraini Hashim. "Helping Women Cope with Life Behind Bars." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i2.p139-146.
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Implementation of group therapy in Malaysian prison through Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach is deemed important to improve the psychological well-being of the inmates. Numerous studies had been conducted but most of them provide statistical data based on cross-sectional studies but findings on effect of psychological treatment is still very scarce. This preliminary study aimed to examine the impacts of group therapy on psychological well-being of women prisoners, particularly in Malaysia. Sixteen women inmates from Women Prison in Selangor, Malaysia were chosen and assigned by the prison authority to receive eight group therapy sessions. The respondents in this study were of different race/ethnic groups, different faiths, socio-economical and criminal backgrounds, aged between 27 to 56 years old. Self-report measures DASS21 was utilized to examine their psychological well-being before and after eight sessions of group therapy in a duration of four months. This study employed a pre- and post-test design study without a control group. Statistical analyses used were descriptive statistics and paired-samples t-test. The results of this study revealed that there were significant differences in psychological variables as indicated by significant decrease level of depression and stress. Although not significant, their level of anxiety has also reduced. The findings of this study the self-belief and psychological well-being of the inmates. The findings could be used to add knowledge and to better understand the inmates and the rehabilitation methods that work for them. It also give some insights if group therapy can be considered as one of the programs that can support the rehabilitation process of the inmates
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Souza, Karen A., Friedrich Lösel, Lucy Markson, and Caroline Lanskey. "Pre-release expectations and post-release experiences of prisoners and their (ex-)partners." Legal and Criminological Psychology 20, no. 2 (November 11, 2013): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12033.
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Vocci, Frank J., Robert P. Schwartz, Monique E. Wilson, Michael S. Gordon, Timothy W. Kinlock, Terrence T. Fitzgerald, Kevin E. O’Grady, and Jerome H. Jaffe. "Buprenorphine dose induction in non-opioid-tolerant pre-release prisoners." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 156 (November 2015): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.001.
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Justyna Siemionow. "Convicts’ Subjective Worldview vs Planning One’s Future." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXIX (January 2, 2017): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2017f.
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The prison, as a place of detention, has a number of tasks to achieve, one of the crucial ones being to rehabilitate the inmates, i.e. habituate them to life in basic social groups and institutions. The pursuit of this mission makes it necessary to maintain, construct or reconstruct non-existent, broken or dysfunctional social ties, including family ones. The primary goal of the penitentiary rehabilitation process is for the activities that inmates are involved in while serving their sentences to be conducive to taking up appropriate social roles while satisfying their needs in accordance with accepted values, models and social norms. A permanent change of behaviour can only be brought about if preceded by a cognitive change in the inmate’s system of beliefs and mentality. According to the cognitive theory of human behaviour, man’s actions are conditioned by information, while the structure of the information people have internalised determines what aims they pursue and what they avoid. Information comes from two primary sources – from the individual’s environment and from experience. It makes up every person’s subjective worldview and to large extent determines his or her actions. The article presents the findings of research conducted on a group of nine inmates regarding how they planned their future in light of their subjective worldview. The research was conducted in the form of individual, unlimited (time) interviews with the prisoners. The overarching aim was to find out what factors shaped the inmates’ subjective worldview and how the latter translated into what they were planning to with their future after leaving prison. Family and family relationships are one of the key elements that determine how inmates perceive the world. It is with family in mind – as the findings indicate – that inmates formulate their future goals. It is worth noting that the inmates’ approach to planning had changed in the course of serving their sentences – they currently see planning as a value and a condition of a successful return into the open. They shift their attention from the past to the future, they no longer concentrate only on their ‘old’ experiences, traumas and hurts, but begin increasingly to focus on the future and the present. They are critical of their former (pre-imprisonment) lifestyle and the decisions made then. They also distance themselves from their former crime partners, who have abandoned them. Hence, basic therapeutic and psycho-educational work with inmates should be based on the principles of cognitive-behavioural psychology. Using their declared willingness to change, we can raise the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Strong unwillingness to take part in therapeutic programs is a widespread problem in rehabilitation work. Hence, diagnosing or analysing individual perceptions of reality, and particularly the factors that underlie their specificity, is a key factor in bringing about change. Making plans requires looking at one’s past and present life from a different perspective. Imprisonment provides such a new perspective which, in spite of the hardships of detention, can also inspire reflection. For this to happen, the staff needs to be engaged in new programmes and methods of working with inmates. Raising one’s professional competence and increasing the number of one-on-one meetings with a psychologist and/or therapist are only some of the possible solutions prison staff can undertake. Another important element in the process of planning is time: the time already spent in prison and the time remaining until the end of the sentence. The least planning, as research indicates, is done by people who have just begun serving their sentence or who still have a lot of time ahead until release. Of course this does not mean that they do not think about their future life upon leaving the penitentiary facility. It is too great an emotional strain for these prisoners, however, they therefore focus on adapting to the new conditions in the best way possible from the viewpoint of potential gains. In the studied group, planning also coincided with a marked tendency to change, which cannot be achieved without the active support of inmates’ families. Hence it is also important to get the family circle involved the rehabilitation process. It is no easy task, yet doable, as shown by numerous programmes implemented in penitentiary facilities (such as ‘Daddy behind the wall’) which particularly today need to be innovative and adapted to the present.
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Gordon, Michael S., Frank J. Vocci, Terrence T. Fitzgerald, Kevin E. O'Grady, and Charles P. O'Brien. "Extended-release naltrexone for pre-release prisoners: A randomized trial of medical mobile treatment." Contemporary Clinical Trials 53 (February 2017): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2016.12.015.
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Suval, Elizabeth M., and Matthew T. Zingraff. "Should Pre-Trial Release Programs Be Expanded?" Criminal Justice Policy Review 1, no. 2 (May 1986): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088740348600100202.
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