Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-pregnancy body size'
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Huang, Tzu-Ting, Hsin-Shih Wang, and Fong-Tai Dai. "Effect of pre-pregnancy body size on postpartum weight retention." Midwifery 26, no. 2 (April 2010): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.05.001.
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Bagheri, Minoo, Ahmadreza Dorosty, Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh, Mohammadreza Eshraghian, Elham Amiri, and Narges Khamoush-Cheshm. "Pre-pregnancy Body Size Dissatisfaction and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain." Maternal and Child Health Journal 17, no. 4 (June 22, 2012): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1051-6.
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Schlaff, Rebecca A., Claudia Holzman, Kimbery S. Maier, Karin A. Pfeiffer, and James M. Pivarnik. "Associations among gestational weight gain, physical activity, and pre-pregnancy body size with varying estimates of pre-pregnancy weight." Midwifery 30, no. 11 (November 2014): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.03.014.
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Dalhaug, Emilie Mass, and Lene Annette Hagen Haakstad. "Does Appearance Matter during Pregnancy? A Cross-Sectional Study of Body Satisfaction from Pre-Pregnancy to Late Gestation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316375.
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Few studies have explored the associations between body satisfaction and physical activity and weight gain during pregnancy, and none have been conducted in Scandinavia. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in body satisfaction from pre-pregnancy to late pregnancy and investigate whether this differed according to parity. We also wanted to explore the association between body satisfaction and physical activity and weight gain among pregnant women in Norway. This cross-sectional survey used an electronic questionnaire to assess physical activity level, weight gain and women’s satisfaction with body weight and size. In total, 150 pregnant women answered the questionnaire. Related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Mann–Whitney U tests and chi-square tests were used to answer our research questions. The proportion of women who were dissatisfied with their body weight and shape increased from pre-pregnancy to late gestation (body weight p = 0.030 and body shape p = 0.040). Body dissatisfaction before and during pregnancy was linked to weight gain above recommendations. Characterising oneself as physically active prior to pregnancy was associated with satisfaction with body shape pre-pregnancy. Given that mothers strongly influence how a child will judge their body later in life, the results of this study underline the importance of addressing these issues during pregnancy.
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Jansen, Maria Adriana Cornelia, Geertje W. Dalmeijer, Siti RF Saldi, Diederick E. Grobbee, Mohammad Baharuddin, Cuno SPM Uiterwaal, and Nikmah S. Idris. "Pre-pregnancy parental BMI and offspring blood pressure in infancy." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 26, no. 15 (June 25, 2019): 1581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487319858157.
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Aims A growing body of evidence suggests that a higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index results in higher offspring’s blood pressure, but there is inconsistency about the impact of father’s body mass index. Furthermore, evidence is limited with regard to low and middle income countries. We aimed to determine the association between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring’s blood pressure during the first year of life. Methods In 587 infants of the BReastfeeding Attitude and Volume Optimization (BRAVO) trial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured twice at the right leg in a supine position, using an automatic oscillometric device at day 7, month 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12. Parental pre-pregnancy body mass index was based on self-reported weight and height. Linear mixed models were performed to investigate the associations between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring blood pressure patterns. Results Each unit increase in maternal body mass index was associated with 0.24 mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.05; 0.44) and 0.13 mmHg (0.01; 0.25) higher offspring’s mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, during the first year of life. A higher offspring blood pressure with increased maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was seen at birth and remained higher during the first year of life. The association with systolic blood pressure remained similar after including birth size and offspring’s weight and height over time. The association with diastolic blood pressure attenuated slightly to a non-significant result after including these variables. Paternal body mass index was not associated with offspring’s blood pressure. Conclusion Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, but not paternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, is associated with higher offspring blood pressure already from birth onwards.
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Bonakdar, Shabbou Ahmadi, Ahmad Reza Dorosty Motlagh, Mohammad Bagherniya, Golnaz Ranjbar, Reza Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara, Seyed Amir Reza Mohajeri, and Mohammad Safarian. "Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Maternal Nutrition in Relation to Infant Birth Size." Clinical Nutrition Research 8, no. 2 (2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2019.8.2.129.
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Aji, Arif Sabta, Dyah Ayu Larasati Kisworo Putri, and Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto. "Association Between Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index, Dietary Intake, and Birth Size Outcomes: Results From the VDPM Cohort Study in Indonesia." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_003.
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Abstract Objectives This study analyzed the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI), dietary intake status, and birth size outcomes in the VDPM cohort study in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods The VDPM study is a prospective longitudinal study including 239 healthy pregnant women of Indonesian women with singleton pregnancies. Data on maternal dietary intake including energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, and anthropometry were collected during pregnancy. New-born anthropometry for 195 new-born babies was measured immediately after delivery. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were constructed to determine the association between PPBMI, dietary intake status, and birth size outcomes. Results The mean birth weight was 3195 ± 463 g. Dietary intake of pregnant mothers had a significant correlation with newborn birth weight, length of birth, head circumference, and placental weight as pregnancy outcome indicators (p ≤ 0.05). This study showed that no association between pre-pregnancy BMI status and birth size outcomes (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions Our studies have not shown a statistically significant difference between PPBMI and birth size outcomes. However, maternal dietary intake associated with birth size outcomes, more research is warranted to confirm these findings. Funding Sources Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation.
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Lawrence, Gabriella M., Shani Shulman, Yechiel Friedlander, Colleen M. Sitlani, Ayala Burger, Bella Savitsky, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, et al. "Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy and gestational body size with offspring longitudinal change in BMI." Obesity 22, no. 4 (December 5, 2013): 1165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.20643.
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Aji, Arif Sabta, Yusrawati Yusrawati, Safarina G. Malik, Chahya Kusuma, and Nurindrawaty Lipoeto. "Association of Prepregnancy Nutritional Status and Physical Activity Levels with Birth Size Outcomes among West Sumatran Pregnant Women: Results from the Vitamin D Pregnant Mothers Cohort Study in Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (September 2, 2021): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6898.
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Background: Maternal and neonatal morbidity is still high in developing countries like in Indonesia. There are several factors may affect maternal health during pregnancy such as physical activity level (PAL) and pre-pregnancy nutritional status.
Aim: To analyze the association between maternal physical activity status (PAL) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (PP BMI) with birth size outcomes.
Methods: A prospective birth cohort study, Vitamin D Pregnant Mothers (VDPM) Study, to 183 healthy singleton pregnant women. Pre-pregnancy body mass index was classified according to WHO guidelines for Asian Population. Women PAL was measured at the first trimester (T1) and third trimester (T3) during pregnancy using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Birth size outcomes were measured immediately after birth such as birth weight, birth length, and head circumference.
Results: Pregnant women at T3 had two times lower physical activity than T1 of pregnancy (OR, 2.18; CI, 1.044-4.57; p = 0.045). Maternal PAL at T1 and T3 were mostly in sedentary level (74.3% and 77.1%, respectively). There was no association between PP BMI, PAL, and birth size outcomes (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). However, the physical activity at T1 had a significant association with birth weight outcomes [MD (95%CI): 155.3 (13.8 – 296.8), p = 0.032]. There was a significant interaction between maternal PAL and PP BMI on birth weight (p interaction = 0.011) and head circumference (p interaction = 0.034).
Conclusions: Our study reveals that pre-maternal nutritional status and physical activity behavior during the pregnancy associated with the head circumference and birth weight outcomes. Further large studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Kasuga, Y., D. Shigemi, M. Tamagawa, T. Suzuki, S. H. Kim, T. Higuchi, H. Yasunaga, and S. Nakada. "Size for gestational age at birth according to offspring sex and gestational weight gain in underweight women." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 10, no. 5 (February 18, 2019): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174418001150.
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AbstractAlthough maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are related to fetal growth, there is a paucity of data regarding how offspring sex affects the relationship between maternal BMI in underweight mothers (pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and size for gestational age at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offspring sex on the relationships among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and size for gestational age at birth in Japanese underweight mothers. Records of women with full-term pregnancies who underwent perinatal care at Kawasaki Municipal Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan) between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The study cohort included underweight (n=566) and normal-weight women (18.5 kg/m2⩽pre-pregnancy BMI<25 kg/m2; n=2671). The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01). Additionally, SGA incidence in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01) in female, but not male (P=0.30) neonates. In the women with female neonates, pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.80; P<0.01), but inadequate GWG was not (OR: 1.38; P=0.11). In contrast, in women with male neonates, inadequate GWG was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (OR: 1.53; P=0.03), but not with pre-pregnancy underweight (OR: 1.30; P=0.10). In conclusion, the present results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight is associated with SGA in female offspring but not in male offspring.
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Lin, Xinyi, Izzuddin M. Aris, Mya Thway Tint, Shu E. Soh, Keith M. Godfrey, George Seow-Heong Yeo, Kenneth Kwek, et al. "Ethnic Differences in Effects of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy Adiposity on Offspring Size and Adiposity." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 3641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-1728.
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Context: Maternal adiposity and overnutrition, both before and during pregnancy, plays a key role in the subsequent development of obesity and metabolic outcomes in offspring. Objective: We explored the hypothesis that maternal adiposity (pre-pregnancy and at 26–28 weeks' gestation) and mid-pregnancy gestational weight gain (GWG) are independently associated with offspring size and adiposity in early childhood, and determined whether these effects are ethnicity dependent. Design: In a prospective mother-offspring cohort study (N = 976, 56% Chinese, 26% Malay, and 18% Indian), we assessed the associations of offspring size (weight, length) and adiposity (subscapular and triceps skinfolds), measured at birth and age 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo, with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), mid-pregnancy GWG, and mid-pregnancy four-site skinfold thicknesses (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac). Results: ppBMI and mid-pregnancy GWG were independently associated with postnatal weight up to 2 y and skinfold thickness at birth. Weight and subscapular and triceps skinfolds at birth increased by 2.56% (95% confidence interval, 1.68–3.45%), 3.85% (2.16–5.57%), and 2.14% (0.54–3.75%), respectively for every SD increase in ppBMI. Similarly, a one-SD increase in GWG increased weight and subscapular and triceps skinfolds at birth by 2.44% (1.66–3.23%), 3.28% (1.75–4.84%), and 3.23% (1.65–4.84%), respectively. ppBMI and mid-pregnancy suprailiac skinfold independently predicted postnatal skinfold adiposity up to 2 years of age, whereas only GWG predicted postnatal length. The associations of GWG with postnatal weight and length were present only among Chinese and Indians, but not Malays (P < .05 for interaction). Conclusions: ppBMI and GWG are independent modifiable factors for child size and adiposity up to 2 years of age. The associations are ethnic-dependent, and underscore the importance of ethnic specific studies before generalizing the applicability of risk factors reported in other populations.
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KIRCHENGAST, SYLVIA, and BEDA HARTMANN. "NICOTINE CONSUMPTION BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY AFFECTS NOT ONLY NEWBORN SIZE BUT ALSO BIRTH MODUS." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 2 (April 2003): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003001755.
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The associations between cigarette smoking before and during pregnancy and maternal body size (pre-pregnancy weight status, end of pregnancy weight status, weight gain during pregnancy) and newborn size (birth weight, length, head circumference, arcomial circumference), as well as birth modus, were tested in 7803 single full-term births in Vienna. Nicotine consumption before and during pregnancy was found to be associated with smaller and lighter newborns, although maternal weight status and weight gain during pregnancy was signi.cantly higher in smokers. Furthermore, a higher incidence of Caesarean sections was found in smokers. A reduction in the number of daily smoked cigarettes was associated with a lower percentage of low weight newborns (<2500 g).
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Lipsky, Leah, Myles Faith, and Tonja Nansel. "A Prospective Study of Relations Among Infant, Maternal, and Paternal Adiposity Indicators." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_100.
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Abstract Objectives This study examines relations of infant birth size and growth with maternal early pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum weight change and paternal body size. Methods Infant birth size (small for gestational age- SGA, <10th percentile and large for gestational age- LGA, >90th percentile) and weight-for-length z-scores (WFLz) were calculated from anthropometrics obtained at birth (n = 331), 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months of age. Maternal early pregnancy BMI, GWG, % of GWG lost (%GWGL), and return to early pregnancy weight (EPW) were derived from height and weight measured from early pregnancy (mean ± SD = 9.9 ± 1.7 weeks gestation) through 12 months postpartum. Mothers reported father's baseline body size via Stunkard figure ratings. Logistic regressions and linear mixed models estimated relations of SGA, LGA and WFLz with parent weight indicators. Multiplicative interaction terms tested interactions of maternal BMI with pregnancy and postpartum weight change, and of paternal with maternal weight indicators. Analyses controlled for maternal height, demographics, child sex, gestational age at delivery, and delivery mode. Results LGA was positively associated with maternal BMI (OR = 1.10, 95%CI:1.05–1.16, P < 0.001) but not GWG. SGA was associated with lower odds of excessive GWG (OR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.07–0.79, P = 0.02) but was not associated with maternal BMI. Paternal body size was not associated with LGA or SGA. WFLz was positively associated with maternal BMI (β ± SE = 0.03 ± 0.09 P = 0.001), but not GWG, %GWGL, EPW, or paternal body size. However, WFLz was positively associated with GWG in mothers with low (<25) but not high (≥25) early pregnancy BMI (β ± SE interaction term = −0.004 ± 0.002, P = 0.04). Paternal body size did not modify associations of maternal with infant weight indicators. Conclusions Maternal BMI was consistently associated with birth size and infant adiposity development, and associations were not modified by paternal body size. Whether pre-pregnancy interventions are more effective than pregnancy interventions for reducing offspring overweight in women with high BMI is an important area of future investigation. Funding Sources This research was supported by the NICHD Intramural Research Program.
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Kuzawa, C. W., R. L. Fried, J. B. Borja, and T. W. McDade. "Maternal pregnancy C-reactive protein predicts offspring birth size and body composition in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 8, no. 6 (July 19, 2017): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174417000502.
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The gestational milieu is an important influence on fetal development and long-term disease risk. Here we assess relationships between maternal pregnancy inflammation, indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP), and offspring anthropometric outcomes measured soon after birth. Data come from female participants (n=327, age 24.4–30.2 years) in a longitudinal study located in Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. Between 2009 and 2014, pregnancy interviews (n=429) were conducted during which questionnaire and anthropometric data were obtained along with dried blood spot cards for CRP measurement. Offspring body weight, length, head circumference and five skinfold thickness measures were obtained soon after birth. Maternal pregnancy CRP was borderline (−1.11±0.64 days/log-mg/l; P<0.1) inversely related to gestational age at delivery, but did not increase the likelihood of preterm delivery. After adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, height, pregnancy adiposity, age, parity and other covariates, CRP was significantly, inversely related to offspring body weight (−0.047±0.017 kg/log-mg/l), length (−0.259±0.092 cm/log-mg/l) and sum of skinfolds (−0.520±0.190 mm/log-mg/l) (all P<0.05), and borderline inversely related to offspring head circumference (−0.102±0.068 cm/log-mg/l; P<0.1). Notably, relationships were continuous across the full CRP range, and not limited to unusually high levels of inflammation. These findings point to an important role of maternal non-specific immune activation as a predictor of offspring birth outcomes. In light of evidence that early life microbial, nutritional and stress experiences influence adult inflammatory regulation, these findings point to inflammation as a potential pathway for the intergenerational transmission of maternal experience to offspring health.
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Kreyberg, Ina, Katarina Hilde, Karen Eline S. Bains, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Berit Granum, Guttorm Haugen, Gunilla Hedlin, et al. "Snus in pregnancy and infant birth size: a mother–child birth cohort study." ERJ Open Research 5, no. 4 (October 2019): 00255–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00255-2019.
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RationaleWhile recent studies show that maternal use of snus during pregnancy is increasing, the potential effects on infant birth size is less investigated, with conflicting results.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if maternal use of snus during pregnancy influences the infant anthropometric and proportional size measures at birth.MethodsIn 2313 mother–child pairs from the population-based, mother–child birth cohort PreventADALL (Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies) in Norway and Sweden, we assessed nicotine exposure by electronic questionnaire(s) at 18 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, and anthropometric measurements at birth. Associations between snus exposure and birth size outcomes were analysed by general linear regression.ResultsBirthweight was not significantly different in infants exposed to snus in general, and up to 18 weeks of pregnancy in particular, when adjusting for relevant confounders including maternal age, gestational age at birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, fetal sex and maternal gestational weight gain up to 18 weeks. We found no significant effect of snus use on the other anthropometric or proportional size measures in multivariable linear regression models. Most women stopped snus use in early pregnancy.ConclusionExposure to snus use in early pregnancy, with most women stopping when knowing about their pregnancy, was not associated with birth size. We were unable to conclude on effects of continued snus use during pregnancy because of lack of exposure in our cohort.
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Bar-Meir, Maskit, Yechiel Friedlander, Ronit Calderon-Margalit, and Hagit Hochner. "Mode of delivery and offspring adiposity in late adolescence: The modifying role of maternal pre-pregnancy body size." PLOS ONE 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): e0209581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209581.
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Campbell, D. M., and A. J. Campbell. "Arterial Blood Pressure - The Pattern of Change in Twin Pregnancies." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 34, no. 3-4 (October 1985): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004773.
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AbstractAn epidemiological study of all primigravid twin pregnancies delivered in Aberdeen between 1950 and 1969 was performed to determine the pattern of arterial blood pressure changes. There is a greater fall from non-pregnant levels in diastolic blood pressure by mid pregnancy and a greater rise of diastolic pressure by delivery. These changes are independent of age, body size and rate of weight gain during pregnancy. The expected increased incidence of proteinuric pre-eclampsia is also independent of rate of weight gain when defined for twin pregnancies.
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Jeralic, Kristina, Petra Petrocnik, Nejc Mekis, and Ana Polona Mivsek. "MATERNAL AND FETAL RESPONSE ON PRENATAL EXERCISE: AN QUASI EXPERIMENTAL PILOT STUDY." Kinesiologia Slovenica 28, no. 3 (November 20, 2022): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.28.3.69-85.
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Despite the positive effects of exercise during pregnancy, only a small percentage of pregnant women choose to exercise because of concerns about fetal safety. The purpose of this study was to determine if the selected physiological functions of pregnant women increase or decrease to a limit that is still safe, and what effect this has on fetal heart rate and movement, depending on the type of exercise and physical activity of the pregnant women prior to pregnancy. An experimental study was conducted. Measurements of the pregnant women's heart rate, saturation, blood pressure, and body temperature, fetal heart rate, and fetal movements before and after exercise were collected. Exercises with two different levels of intensities (yoga-low and pilates-moderate) were compared. Thirty-one pregnant Slovenian women with gestational age between 20 and 37 weeks were included in the sample. When comparing pre and post exercise measurements, statistically significant differences were found in post exercise body temperature (p = 0.005) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.007) compared with pre-exercise measurements. When comparing the results between yoga and Pilates exercise sessions, no statistically significant differences were found. When comparing results related to pre-pregnancy physical activity, significant differences in pre-exercise saturation were found (p = 0.041). Despite small sample size, results indicate that moderate physical activity in pregnancy has no significant effect on the vital functions of the pregnant woman that could indirectly endanger foetus. Larger study should be performed, to confirm these preliminary results.
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McCoard, Sue, Shen-Yan Hea, Catherine McKenzie, Kirsty Hammond, and Tim Smith. "Impact of change in body condition score in mid-late pregnancy in ewes fed a mixed diet on lamb survival and performance." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 82 (October 28, 2020): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.442.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that body condition score of pregnant ewes fed on turnip and swede crops during mid-late gestation had on offspring survival and performance. Data were collected from 755 multiparous mixed-age ewes carrying 1–4 fetuses. Ewes grazed a turnip crop for 1 month prior to pregnancy scanning with supplementary ryegrass/clover baleage (~75 days gestation) followed by a swede crop with supplementary Lucerne baleage for 1 month following pregnancy scanning (to ~120 days gestation). Ewe body condition score (BCS) at mating, pregnancy scanning and pre-lambing, along with lamb survival and growth rates to weaning were recorded. Lamb survival from pregnancy scanning to tailing differed by litter size (P<0.001) with lower survival in litters with 3 or more lambs compared to singles and twins which did not differ. Improving BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation had a positive effect on lamb survival irrespective of litter size and ewe age (P<0.001). Lamb survival in ewes ≥5 years of age, irrespective of litter size, was lower (P<0.001) compared to 2 or 3–4-year-old ewes, which in turn did not differ from each other. The key finding of the study was that loss in BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation, negatively impacted on lamb survival, especially in ewes carrying 3 or more fetuses and in ewes >5 years of age irrespective of the number of fetuses carried. Furthermore, there was high variation in BCS change observed in both early and mid-pregnancy.
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Monthé-Drèze, Carmen, Annie Penfield-Cyr, Marcela Smid, and Sarbattama Sen. "Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Attenuates Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation During Pregnancy." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121908.
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Maternal obesity is associated with adverse offspring outcomes. Inflammation and deficiency of anti-inflammatory nutrients like omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may contribute to these associations. Fetal supply of n-3 PUFA is dependent on maternal levels and studies have suggested that improved offspring outcomes are associated with higher maternal intake. However, little is known about how maternal obesity affects the response to n-3 supplementation during pregnancy. We sought to determine (1) the associations of obesity with PUFA concentrations and (2) if the systemic response to n-3 supplementation differs by body mass index (BMI). This was a secondary analysis of 556 participants (46% lean, 28% obese) in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network trial of n-3 (Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) supplementation, in which participants had 2g/day of n-3 (n = 278) or placebo (n = 278) from 19 to 22 weeks until delivery. At baseline, obese women had higher plasma n-6 arachidonic acid concentrations (β: 0.96% total fatty acids; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.13, 1.79) and n-6/n-3 ratio (β: 0.26 unit; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.48) compared to lean women. In the adjusted analysis, women in all BMI groups had higher n-3 concentrations following supplementation, although obese women had attenuated changes (β = −2.04%, CI: −3.19, −0.90, interaction p = 0.000) compared to lean women, resulting in a 50% difference in the effect size. Similarly, obese women also had an attenuated reduction (β = 0.94 units, CI: 0.40, 1.47, interaction p = 0.046) in the n-6/n-3 ratio (marker of inflammatory status), which was 65% lower compared to lean women. Obesity is associated with higher inflammation and with an attenuated response to n-3 supplementation in pregnancy.
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Myles, Thomas, Megan Campise, Nupur Kittur, and Terry Leet. "546: Association between gestational weight gain and optimal infant birthweight outcomes in women of varying pre-pregnancy body size." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 201, no. 6 (December 2009): S203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.411.
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Patel, Soha, and Judette M. Louis. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy—More Questions than Answers." US Endocrinology 09, no. 02 (2013): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2013.09.02.153.
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The role of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pregnancy is not well studied, but an increasing body of literature appears to indicate that there may be adverse maternal and fetal health effects of the disease. OSA is associated with a twofold risk for pre-eclampsia. The small size of the existing investigations still leave unanswered questions about the consequences of OSA as it relates to some other clinically relevant outcomes such as eclampsia, stillbirth, and maternal mortality. A consistent body of literature has emerged demonstrating an increased risk for insulin resistance and diabetes associated with OSA. However, among pregnant women, the association appears to be related to short sleep duration. Well-designed and adequately powered studies are required to further delineate the role of OSA and sleep duration on pregnancy outcome and the mechanisms of those effects.
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Patel, Soha, and Judette M. Louis. "Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Pregnancy – More Questions than Answers." European Endocrinology 9, no. 2 (2010): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2013.09.02.121.
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The role of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in pregnancy is not well studied, but an increasing body of literature appears to indicate that there may be adverse maternal and foetal health effects of the disease. OSA is associated with a twofold risk of pre-eclampsia. The small size of the existing investigations still leave unanswered questions about the consequences of OSA as it relates to some other clinically relevant outcomes such as eclampsia, stillbirth and maternal mortality. A consistent body of literature has emerged demonstrating an increased risk of insulin resistance and diabetes associated with OSA. However, among pregnant women, the association appears to be related to short sleep duration. Well-designed and adequately powered studies are needed to further delineate the role of OSA and sleep duration on pregnancy outcome and the mechanisms of those effects.
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Lambe, N. R., J. Conington, K. A. McLean, L. Bunger, and G. Simm. "Relationships between mobilisation of body reserves in hill ewes and lamb production to weaning." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020214.
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Previous studies using X-ray computed tomography (CT) of Scottish Blackface hill ewes have shown that carcass fat, internal fat and muscle are depleted during pregnancy and early lactation and deposited during late lactation and the dry period (Lambe et al., 2003a). Muscle weights and proportions throughout the year are positively genetically correlated with total litter weight reared, largely due to increased litter size. Average weights of lambs reared were positively correlated with carcass fat weight or proportion pre-lambing and internal fat weight pre-mating, but negatively correlated with internal fat proportion pre-lambing (Lambe et al., 2005). However, is genetic potential to mobilise and regain increased amounts of tissue during the year positively associated with the ability to produce more and heavier lambs? The aim of this study was to address this question by relating total loss and gain of fat and muscle in ewes during the annual cycle with lamb production traits.
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Trombe, KSD, H. Bettiol, RC Cavalli, MRP Gutierrez, MA Barbieri, C. Grandi, and VC Cardoso. "PS-356 Association Between Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index And Size At Birth In RibeirÃo Preto, SÃo Paulo, Brazil." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, Suppl 2 (October 2014): A240.2—A240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307384.655.
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Costa, Nathalia, Pedro Santos, Ana Ferreira, Brent Williams, Amanda Figueiredo, Luciana Princisval, Monica Batalha, et al. "Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain Are Associated with Differences in Infant Gut Microbiota: Results from Brazilian Prospective Birth Cohort." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_008.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the association of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on infant gut microbiota diversity and abundance and the role of breastfeeding on this association. Methods Prospective cohort conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (< 25; ≥ 25 kg/m², normal/excessive) and GWG adequacy (adequate; excessive) were the exposures and breastfeeding practice status (exclusively breastfeeding EBF; predominant/complementary feeding PCF) was analyzed as an effect modifier. Infant stool samples were collected for 56 infants between 26–45 days. Samples were sequenced using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (MiSeq). Analysis included alpha diversity indexes (Shannon, Faith-PD, and Observed species), beta diversity metrics and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test, linear regression, permutational multivariate analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis effect size. Results A higher median alpha diversity in infants born from mothers with excessive GWG was observed (Mann-Whitney Test: P = 0.005) and infants born from mothers with excessive GWG were positively associated with alpha diversity (β = 0.351; SE = 0.146; p-value = 0.020). Gut microbiota of infants born from mothers with excessive pre-pregnancy BMI were enriched with Dialister genus and Lactobacillus Ruminis, Haemophilus Parainfluenzae and Veillonella Parvula species and those born from mother with excessive GWG had higher abundance of Staphylocococcus genus, Staphylococcaceae family, Bacillales order and Bacilli class. Infant gut microbiota diversity and abundance did not differ according to combined categories of pre-pregnancy BMI and breastfeeding status and GWG and breastfeeding. Conclusions Maternal gestational weight gain was associated with diversity of the infant gut microbiota. Breastfeeding did not an effect modifier in this association. Funding Sources Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio de Janeiro, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development and Columbia University Grant.
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Carlsen, S. M., G. Jacobsen, and P. Romundstad. "Maternal testosterone levels during pregnancy are associated with offspring size at birth." European Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 2 (August 2006): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02200.
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Objective: Animal studies have indicated that maternal androgen levels influence the intrauterine environment and development of the offspring. Human data are missing. We therefore investigated the possible association between maternal androgens and offspring size at birth in humans. Design: A random sample of parous Caucasian women (n = 147) was followed prospectively through pregnancy. Methods: Maternal serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at gestational weeks 17 and 33. The main outcome measures were weight and length at birth. Associations between maternal androgen levels and offspring birth weight and length were investigated using multiple linear regression modeling adjusted for potential confounding by maternal height, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, parity, offspring gender and gestational age at birth. Results: Elevated maternal testosterone levels at week 17 and 33 were both associated with lower birth weights and lengths. Accordingly, at week 17, an increase in maternal testosterone levels from the 25th to the 75th percentile was associated with a decrease in birth weight by 160 g (95% confidence interval (CI); 29–290 g), while at week 33 that estimate was 115 g (95% CI; 21–207 g). No similar associations were observed for DHEAS, androstenedione or SHBG. Conclusions: Elevated maternal testosterone levels during human pregnancy are associated with growth restriction in utero. Our results support animal studies, which have indicated that maternal androgen levels influence intrauterine offspring environment and development.
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Kieffer, Tom EC, Peck Y. Chin, Ella S. Green, Lachlan M. Moldenhauer, Jelmer R. Prins, and Sarah A. Robertson. "Prednisolone in early pregnancy inhibits regulatory T cell generation and alters fetal and placental development in mice." Molecular Human Reproduction 26, no. 5 (March 11, 2020): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa019.
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Abstract Corticosteroids have been utilised in the assisted reproduction setting with the expectation of suppressing aberrant immune activation and improving fertility in women. However, the effects of corticosteroids on fertility, and on pregnancy and offspring outcomes, are unclear. In this study, mice were administered prednisolone (1 mg/kg) or PBS daily in the pre-implantation phase, and effects on the adaptive immune response, the implantation rate, fetal development and postnatal outcomes were investigated. Prednisolone disrupted the expected expansion of CD4+ T cells in early pregnancy, inhibiting generation of both regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and effector T cells and suppressing IFNG required for T cell functional competence. Prednisolone caused an 8–20% increase in the embryo implantation rate and increased the number of viable pups per litter. In late gestation, fetal and placental weights were reduced in a litter size-dependent manner, and the canonical inverse relationship between litter size and fetal weight was lost. The duration of pregnancy was extended by ~ 0.5 day and birth weight was reduced by ~ 5% after prednisolone treatment. Viability of prednisolone-exposed offspring was comparable to controls, but body weight was altered in adulthood, particularly in male offspring. Thus, while prednisolone given in the pre-implantation phase in mice increases maternal receptivity to implantation and resource investment in fetal growth, there is a trade-off in long-term consequences for fetal development, birth weight and offspring health. These effects are associated with, and likely caused by, prednisolone suppression of the adaptive immune response at the outset of pregnancy.
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El Rafei, Rym, Hussein A. Abbas, Lama Charafeddine, Pascale Nakad, Ayah Al Bizri, Dany Hamod, and Khalid A. Yunis. "Association of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain with Preterm Births and Fetal Size: an Observational Study from Lebanon." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 30, no. 1 (October 15, 2015): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12249.
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Mackey, Rachel, Christina Scifres, Marnie Bertolet, Hyagriv Simhan, and Janet Catov. "Lipoprotein Heterogeneity Early in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth." American Journal of Perinatology 34, no. 13 (May 22, 2017): 1326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603471.
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Background The concentration and size of lipoprotein particles are associated with race, inflammation, and disease. When triglycerides are high, as in pregnancy, lipoprotein particle size may have physiologic importance beyond conventional lipid measurements. We considered that lipoprotein particles may be related to preterm birth (PTB) and explored race differences. Materials and Methods Samples were collected at 9 weeks' gestation (22 PTB [< 37 weeks]; 42 term births [≥ 37 weeks]). Lipids were assayed using standard techniques. Concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P, LDL-P, and VLDL-P, respectively) and markers of systemic inflammation were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and related to PTB. Results Women with PTB had lower VLDL-P (− 10.66 nmol/L, p = 0.03) and higher systemic inflammation (+ 19.2 µmol/L, p = 0.02) compared with women with term births, independent of race, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and smoking. Black versus white women had lower VLDL-P and higher HDL cholesterol (both p < 0.05). Race-specific results indicated that large HDL-P and inflammation (glycoprotein B) were higher with PTB versus term birth among black women only. Conclusion Women with PTB had lower VLDL-P early in pregnancy, which may represent impaired lipid response. Black–white differences in the lipoprotein profile are similar to nonpregnant adults, but race-specific lipoprotein and inflammation associations with PTB warrant further study.
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Borges, J. B. S., H. L. D. Neri, M. R. Almeida, E. P. Silva, and A. Bilha. "10 EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL BENZOATE OR hCG ON DAY 22 AFTER TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON THE CORPUS LUTEUM SIZE, PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION, AND PREGNANCY RATE IN RESYNCHRONIZED BEEF HEIFERS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab10.
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This study aimed to compare the effects of 2 inducers of new follicular wave [oestradiol benzoate (EB) or hCG] administrated at onset of resynchronization protocols initiated 22 days after the first timed AI (TAI) of beef heifers. We evaluated the effect of treatments on corpus luteum (CL) development, serum progesterone (P4) concentrations, and pregnancy rates. A total of 467 grazing Brangus heifers, with 24- to 26-months, 320 ± 10 kg of body weight, and 3.2 ± 0.5 body condition score, were utilised. The resynchronization protocol began 22 days after the first TAI (Day 22). Heifers were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 groups: EB (n = 199), hCG (n = 101), or control untreated (n = 167). The EB- and hCG-treated heifers received an intravaginal P4 device (Procliclar, 0.75 g of P4; Hertape, Brazil) and an IM treatment with 1 mg of EB (Benzoato HC, Hertape) or 1000 IU of hCG (Vetecor 5000, Hertape), respectively. On Day 30, P4 device was removed, and the pregnancy diagnosis was performed. At this time heifers had the CL area (cm2) determined by ultrasound and seric P4 concentration evaluated by chemiluminescence assay. The assay sensitivity was 0.1 ng mL–1, and the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 7.9 and 10.6%, respectively. Nonpregnant heifers after the first TAI (EB = 97, hCG = 36) received intramuscularly 150 μg of sodium cloprostenol (Veteglan Luteolítico, Hertape) and 1 mg of oestradiol cypionate (Cipionato HC, Hertape). The second TAI was performed 48 to 52 h after the P4 device removal. On Day 62, heifers were submitted to a second pregnancy diagnosis. No effect of the body condition score (P = 0.28) was observed on the first and second pregnancy per AI. Pregnancy rates after the first TAI were higher (P = 0.03) on hCG-treated heifers (64.4%) than EB (51.3%) or the control group (58.7%). The EB group determined greater (P = 0.04) pregnancy rate after the second TAI (49.5%) than the hCG group (22.2%). The cumulative pregnancy rates were similar (P = 0.46) between groups [EB (72.4%) and hCG (68.3%)]; however, both were greater (P < 0.05) than the control group (58.6%). Heifers treated with hCG (3.42 ± 0.76) presented greater CL area at Day 30 (P < 0.05) than the EB (2.44 ± 0.57) and control (2.61 ± 0.61) groups. The treatment with hCG 22 days after TAI determined greater (12.43 ± 3.48; P < 0.05) serum P4 concentrations on Day 30 than the EB (6.92 ± 3.04) and control (7.29 ± 2.45) groups. Therefore, the use of hCG at the beginning of resynchronization protocol 22 days after the TAI increased pregnancy rate following the first TAI. However, the use of 1 mg of EB determined greater pregnancy rate after the second TAI, and no detrimental effects on CL development, P4 concentration, and on first TAI pre-established pregnancy.
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Martino, Jole, Maria Segura, Luz García-Valdés, M. Padilla, Ricardo Rueda, Harry McArdle, Helen Budge, Michael Symonds, and Cristina Campoy. "The Impact of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Weight and Gestational Diabetes on Markers of Folate Metabolism in the Placenta." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111750.
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Dietary methyl donors, including folate, may modify the placenta and size at birth but the influence of maternal body weight has not been widely investigated. We therefore examined whether maternal or fetal folate status, together with indices of placental folate transport, were modulated by either maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI i.e., overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 30 or obesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GD). We utilised a sub-sample of 135 pregnant women participating in the Spanish PREOBE survey for our analysis (i.e., 59 healthy normal weight, 29 overweight, 22 obese and 25 GD). They were blood sampled at 34 weeks gestation, and, at delivery, when a placental sample was taken together with maternal and cord blood. Placental gene expression of folate transporters and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) were all measured. Folate plasma concentrations were determined with an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. Food diaries indicated that folate intake was unaffected by BMI or GD and, although all women maintained normal folate concentrations (i.e., 5–16 ng/mL), higher BMIs were associated with reduced maternal folate concentrations at delivery. Umbilical cord folate was not different, reflecting an increased concentration gradient between the mother and her fetus. Placental mRNA abundance for the folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) was reduced with obesity, whilst DNMT1 was increased with raised BMI, responses that were unaffected by GD. Multi-regression analysis to determine the best predictors for placental FOLR1 indicated that pre-gestational BMI had the greatest influence. In conclusion, the placenta’s capacity to maintain fetal folate supply was not compromised by either obesity or GD.
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Walvekar, Padmaja R., and Bhuvana Gajula. "Maternal body weight: as predictor of birth weight of new born." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201437.
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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in developing countries, the causes of LBW are multifactorial, associated with maternal, foetal and placental factors. In addition, factors related with maternal anthropometry such as maternal weight, height and BMI also predict anthropometry of new-born. In particular, maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been regarded as an important determinant of foetal growth. Infant size, such as birth weight, was reported to affect not only infant mortality, but also childhood morbidity. To know the association of maternal weight as predictor of birth weight of new-born.Methods: Study among 700 pregnant women using predesigned and pre-tested questionnaire after taking informed consent. Information was collected regarding socio-demographic data and maternal weight and anthropometry of the new-born was collected.Results: Our study showed association of maternal weight and birth weight of new-born, there was no association of maternal weight with length and chest circumference of new-born.Conclusions: In our study association between maternal weight and birth weight of new-born was positively and statistically significant.
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He, Yining, Yun Huang, Zhengyin Zhang, Fengping Yu, and Yingjie Zheng. "Exploring profile and potential influencers of vaginal microbiome among asymptomatic pregnant Chinese women." PeerJ 7 (December 10, 2019): e8172. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8172.
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Background This study was designed to explore the profile and potential influencers of the vaginal microbiome (VMB) among asymptomatic pregnant Chinese women and its possible association with pregnancy outcomes. Methods A prospective study was conducted among pregnant Chinese women receiving regular prenatal care at a hospital in Shanghai, China from March 2017 to March 2018. Vaginal swabs were obtained from 113 asymptomatic pregnant women in mid-pregnancy and sequenced by the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA on an Ion S5™ XL platform. Demographic characteristics and major pregnancy outcomes were collected through questionnaires and electronic medical records. Results The predominant vaginal community state types (CSTs) were CST I (45.1%) and CST III (31.9%). Participants were divided into a lactobacilli-dominant group (LD, CST I/II/III/I–III/V, n = 100, 88.5%) and a less lactobacilli-dominant group (LLD, CST IV-A/B, n = 13, 11.5%). Women in the LLD group showed an increased alpha diversity [median (interquartile range, IQR): 2.41 (1.67, 2.49) vs. 0.30 (0.17, 0.59), P < 0.001], which was related to a lower pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.012), and a greater instance of passive smoking (P = 0.033). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was correlated positively with the pre-pregnancy BMI (r = 0.177, P = 0.041), but negatively with passive smoking (r = − 0.204, P = 0.030). Conclusion The vaginal flora of asymptomatic pregnant Chinese women was mostly dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus and L. iners. A lower BMI and greater instance of passive smoking may contribute to a less lactobacilli-dominant VMB. However, a larger sample size is needed.
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Belkacemi, L., S. Kjos, D. M. Nelson, M. Desai, and M. G. Ross. "Reduced apoptosis in term placentas from gestational diabetic pregnancies." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 4, no. 3 (March 27, 2013): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174413000068.
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Gestational diabetic mellitus (GDM) pregnancies have an increased risk of macrosomic infants and large placental mass, though the mechanisms explaining each of these is uncertain. We sought to evaluate the contribution of apoptosis to placental size and the expression of glucose transporters (SLC2A) in GDM pregnancies. Maternal age and pre-pregnancy body weight were documented. Newborn weights were recorded after delivery. Placentas 37–40-week gestation from control patients (no pregnancy complication) (n = 5), or with GDM (n = 5) were weighed immediately after delivery. Villous samples (4 mm diameter) were collected and divided into specimens; one was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for immunostaining using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and activated caspase-3. The other specimen was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C for active caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 gene expression analysis. Our results showed that maternal age and pre-pregnancy body weight were significantly higher in the GDM group when compared with those from the controls (P < 0.05). The mean neonatal birth weight and placenta weight were significantly higher in the GDM group compared with that from the controls (P < 0.05). The apoptotic index of placentas (0.05 ± 0.01 v. 0.17 ± 0.04, P < 0.04), active caspase-3 polypeptide fragments and PARP protein were significantly decreased in GDM placentas as compared with controls. Further, the level of placental SLC2A1 protein expression was ∼3-fold higher in GDM placentas. Our results suggest that reduced apoptosis in GDM placentas may contribute to increased placental tissue, which together with enhanced SLC2A1 expression, could play a role in fetal macrosomia.
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Tito Putri, Meggeria Dyah Matrika, Pudjo Wahjudi, and Irma Prasetyowati. "Gambaran Kondisi Ibu Hamil dengan Diabetes Mellitus di RSD dr. Soebandi Jember Tahun 2013-2017 (Description of Pregnant Women Condition with Diabetes Mellitus in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember on 2013-2017)." Pustaka Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/pk.v6i1.6766.
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Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus or diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease disorder caused by pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body can’t effectively use produced insulin. In pregnant women with a family history of diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of pregnancy with diabetes mellitus is 5.1%. This research aim to determine description of pregnant women condition with diabetes mellitus in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. This research used descriptive method with case series design. The sample size of 19 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus was selected by total sampling technique. The results showed that the high maternal age (52.6%), low education (89.5%), unemployment or housewife (89.2%), had a genetic 78.9%), BMI overweight (57.9%), glucosuria (89.5%), history of pre-eclampsia (57.9%), low parity (79%), never miscarried (84.2%). Based on the result of the research, it was concluded that maternal education, maternal job, genetic, overweight BMI, glucosuria, and history of pre-eclampsia had an effect towards the occurrence of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, also maternal age, parity and history of miscarriage had no effect on the occurrence of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. To raise awareness of the risks of pregnancy with diabetes mellitus can be done with screening for diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, pregnant women, RSD dr. Soebandi.
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DROBIN, Dan, and Robert G. HAHN. "Distribution and elimination of crystalloid fluid in pre-eclampsia." Clinical Science 106, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030349.
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Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disease of pregnancy associated with peripheral oedema and hypovolaemia, but few details are known about how women with PE handle a volume load of crystalloid fluid compared with healthy pregnant women. To study this issue, Ringer's acetate solution (12.5 ml/kg of body weight) was given by intravenous infusion over 30 min to eight women with PE and to eight healthy pregnant women matched with respect to gestational week (mean, 34 weeks). Venous blood was sampled and excreted urine was collected over 90 min to study the time course of the volume expansion by means of volume kinetic analysis. The results show that the size of the central body fluid space expanded by the infused fluid was smaller in PE (mean, 2940 ml compared with 4240 ml respectively; P<0.04), and the clearance constants for distribution (100 ml/min compared with 43 ml/min; P<0.04) and elimination (125 ml/min compared with 36 ml/min; P<0.02) were higher in the women with PE than in the controls. Less excess volume accumulated in the central body fluid space in the presence of PE, whereas the rates of distribution and elimination were higher during and for 15 min after the infusion. It is concluded that Ringer's acetate solution fluid is both distributed and eliminated faster in women with PE than in matched pregnant controls.
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Lowe, Jenna, and Erin Curry. "Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas." Reproduction and Fertility 2, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/raf-21-0079.
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Previous reports indicate that red pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani) may experience fetal loss during gestation; however, neither the rate nor timing of pregnancy failure has been described in this species. The objective of this study was to utilize ultrasound video and images collected between 2010 and 2020 at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden to better characterize pregnancy loss and fetal development. Trans-abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed on six female red pandas over a 10-year period, resulting in 12 profiles. Pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasound in 10 of 12 profiles, and 40.0% of pregnancies showed evidence of fetal loss prior to parturition. Pregnancy loss was classified into lost (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which no cubs were produced, or partial loss (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which two concepti were visualized via ultrasound, but only one cub was born. Fetal loss occurred between days 51 and 23 pre-partum. Fetal growth characteristics were documented, including skeletal ossification (occurring between days 32 and 27 pre-partum), crown-rump length, head length, cranial length, and fetal heart rate (173–206 b.p.m.). These findings provide novel insights into pregnancy loss, may serve as a reference for milestones of fetal development, and may be useful in diagnosing pregnancy and assessing pregnancy loss in red pandas. Lay summary For many wildlife species, there is no non-invasive method of determining pregnancy; therefore, the rate of pregnancy loss oftentimes is unknown. Many red pandas in human care that are paired for breeding are observed exhibiting normal mating behaviors; however, only a relatively low proportion of females produce cubs. We utilized animals conditioned for ultrasound examination to diagnose pregnancy and characterize the incidence and timing of pregnancy loss. In total, 12 potential pregnancies were monitored, beginning after breeding season and ending ~2 weeks prior to anticipated cubbing. Of these, ten were (83.3%) were diagnosed as pregnant, with 40% undergoing either full or partial pregnancy loss. Fetal growth characteristics, such as body length and head size, are described which may be useful for monitoring pregnancies and estimating fetal age. Results of this study provide novel data on pregnancy loss in red pandas. Insights into the rate and timing of reproductive failure may illuminate causes and contributing factors, ultimately allowing for improvements in husbandry which may result in greater reproductive success of individuals recommended for breeding.
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Bond, Tom A., Ville Karhunen, Matthias Wielscher, Juha Auvinen, Minna Männikkö, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Marc J. Gunter, et al. "Exploring the role of genetic confounding in the association between maternal and offspring body mass index: evidence from three birth cohorts." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz095.
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Abstract Background Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with offspring birth weight (BW) and BMI in childhood and adulthood. Each of these associations could be due to causal intrauterine effects, or confounding (genetic or environmental), or some combination of these. Here we estimate the extent to which the association between maternal BMI and offspring body size is explained by offspring genotype, as a first step towards establishing the importance of genetic confounding. Methods We examined the associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring BW and BMI at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, in three European birth cohorts (n ≤11 498). Bivariate Genomic-relatedness-based Restricted Maximum Likelihood implemented in the GCTA software (GCTA-GREML) was used to estimate the extent to which phenotypic covariance was explained by offspring genotype as captured by common imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We merged individual participant data from all cohorts, enabling calculation of pooled estimates. Results Phenotypic covariance (equivalent here to Pearson’s correlation coefficient) between maternal BMI and offspring phenotype was 0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.17] for offspring BW, increasing to 0.29 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.31) for offspring 15 year BMI. Covariance explained by offspring genotype was negligible for BW [–0.04 (95% CI: –0.09, 0.01)], but increased to 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.21) at 15 years, which is equivalent to 43% (95% CI: 15%, 72%) of the phenotypic covariance. Sensitivity analyses using weight, BMI and ponderal index as the offspring phenotype at all ages showed similar results. Conclusions Offspring genotype explains a substantial fraction of the covariance between maternal BMI and offspring adolescent BMI. This is consistent with a potentially important role for genetic confounding as a driver of the maternal BMI–offspring BMI association.
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Maia, Tatiane S., Higor R. Guimarães, Gessica A. Franco, Ky G. Pohler, Rodolfo C. Cardoso, and Gary L. Williams. "153 Do pre and postnatal nutrition interact to program reproductive phenotype in sexually mature heifers?" Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.218.
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Abstract Objectives were to test the hypothesis that nutritional extremes during pregnancy in the bovine female negatively affect phenotypic characteristics of the estrous cycle of sexually mature offspring, and to determine whether these effects interact with postnatal diets during the juvenile period. Beginning at 90 d of pregnancy, Brangus and Braford (n = 108) beef cows with a female fetus were fed to achieve body condition scores of 7.5–8 (H, obese), 5–5.5 (M, moderate) or 3–3.5 (L, very thin) by the start of the third trimester. Heifer offspring were weaned and fed to gain at either a high (H; 1 kg/d) or low (L; 0.5 kg/d) rate between 4 and 8 months of age, then fed a common growth diet until puberty. Estrous cycles of a subgroup (n = 53) were synchronized using 2 injections of prostaglandin F2α(PGF). Transrectal ultrasonography was employed during the follicular phase of two estrous cycles to evaluate antral follicle count(AFC), rate of growth and size of the ovulatory follicle, size of corpus luteum(CL), and endometrial thickness. Blood samples were collected daily for assay of plasma concentrations of progesterone(P4) and estradiol-17β(E2) by RIA. Preliminary data (n = 35) were analyzed using ANOVA and mixed model procedures. Least Squares Means estrous cycle length (20.9 ± 0.2 days), AFC (19.7 ± 1.0), follicular growth rate (0.81 ± 0.11), ovulatory follicle size (12.8 ± 0.2 mm), CL size (16.8 ± 0.6 mm), and endometrial thickness (14.6 ± 0.3 mm) did not differ among treatments. Heifers in postnatal H group tended (P < 0.1) to have a greater area (arbitrary units) under the E2 curve (12.6 ± 0.6) than postnatal L (11.3 ± 0.5) during the follicular phase. Normalized AUC for P4 was greater (P < 0.03) in L/H (56.94 ± 3.22) than both M/H (42.98 ± 3.61) and L/L (43.66 ± 3.22) groups. Despite marked pre- and postnatal nutritional contrasts, independent and interactive effects of nutritional treatments have been of minor significance or undetectable to date.
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Smith-Ryan, Abbie E., Hannah E. Cabre, Joan M. Eckerson, and Darren G. Candow. "Creatine Supplementation in Women’s Health: A Lifespan Perspective." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030877.
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Despite extensive research on creatine, evidence for use among females is understudied. Creatine characteristics vary between males and females, with females exhibiting 70–80% lower endogenous creatine stores compared to males. Understanding creatine metabolism pre- and post-menopause yields important implications for creatine supplementation for performance and health among females. Due to the hormone-related changes to creatine kinetics and phosphocreatine resynthesis, supplementation may be particularly important during menses, pregnancy, post-partum, during and post-menopause. Creatine supplementation among pre-menopausal females appears to be effective for improving strength and exercise performance. Post-menopausal females may also experience benefits in skeletal muscle size and function when consuming high doses of creatine (0.3 g·kg−1·d−1); and favorable effects on bone when combined with resistance training. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence indicates positive effects from creatine supplementation on mood and cognition, possibly by restoring brain energy levels and homeostasis. Creatine supplementation may be even more effective for females by supporting a pro-energetic environment in the brain. The purpose of this review was to highlight the use of creatine in females across the lifespan with particular emphasis on performance, body composition, mood, and dosing strategies.
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Larnkjær, Anni, Ken K. Ong, Emma M. Carlsen, Katrine T. Ejlerskov, Christian Mølgaard, and Kim F. Michaelsen. "The Influence of Maternal Obesity and Breastfeeding on Infant Appetite- and Growth-Related Hormone Concentrations: The SKOT Cohort Studies." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 90, no. 1 (2018): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490114.
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Background/Aims: Exposure to obesity during pregnancy may lead to adverse changes in the offspring’s metabolic profile. We compared appetite- and growth-related hormones in a cohort of infants born to obese mothers (SKOT-II) with infants born mainly to nonobese mothers (SKOT-I). Methods: Infants from SKOT-I (n = 273) and SKOT-II (n = 132) were examined including anthropometric measurements and blood samples analyzed for glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), adiponectin, and leptin. Information on breastfeeding and parental characteristics were also collected. Results: At 9 months of age, SKOT-II infants were 3.6% heavier and 1.2% longer than SKOT-I infants even though their mothers were shorter. There was no difference in body mass index (BMI). SKOT-II infants had higher levels of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin but lower levels of IGF-I compared to SKOT-I infants (all p ≤ 0.015). These differences remained, except for leptin, when adjusted for current weight. Breastfeeding versus nonbreastfeeding at 9 months was associated with lower concentrations of all hormones (all p ≤ 0.003). In adjusted models, maternal BMI at 9 months was positively associated with insulin and adiponectin and negatively with IGF-I. Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy obesity confers symmetrically larger infant body size and higher levels of most growth- and appetite-related hormones but surprisingly lower levels of IGF-I, suggesting other possible infant growth-promoting effects through insulin.
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Mohite, Swati S., Rahul Gajare, and Namrata B. Khose. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TREATMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLI-TUS CITED IN VARIOUS AYURVEDIC AND MODERN RESEARCH PAPERS PUB-LISHED IN LAST 5 YEARS." November 2020 08, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 5081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj1808112020.
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder during pregnancy. It is defined by WHO as carbohy-drate intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia of variable severity with onset or first recognition during preg-nancy. The entity usually present late in second and third trimester. The factors which constitute good health, i.e. balanced Dosha, Dhatu and Mala, optimally functioning Indriyas or sense organs, a happy con-tented soul and a balanced mind are the very factors that go towards a smooth pregnancy, labour and healthy progeny and this is what Ayurveda treatment focuses on. Pregnancy is a particular time for all women. This condition becomes even more delicate when there is diagnosis of GDM which makes neces-sary controls and therapies that will inevitably affect the women’s life. GDM can lead to potential risk for mother, fetus and child’s development. There is no direct reference of GDM in Ayurveda. But we get ref-erence of Garbhavriddhi excessive increase in size of abdomen and perspiration. Garbhavriddhi or mac-rosomia condition can be interpreted as complication of GDM. In current scenario GDM in pregnancy is one of the major complications during pregnancy. Overt maternal diabetes mellitus can adversely influence intrauterine development. Spontaneous abortions and major congenital anomalies may be induced in the first trimester. Excessive foetal growth, neonatal hypoglycemia, still birth may be induced during second and third trimester. Gestational Diabetes may lead to gangrene, damage of retina, kidneys. If diabetes is not properly controlled, then in the long run fat gets deposited on inner layer of arteries and the possibilities of occurrence of paralysis increase. Complications of diabetes include eye problems and blindness, heart dis-ease, stroke, neurological problems, amputation, and impotence It is needed to cure maternal diabetes as soon as it is diagnosed. Adopting pre-conceptional and thorough antenatal care through Ayurveda; this aims that a woman enters pregnancy in healthy state of body and mind. While describing Garbhadhan vidhi acharyas have advised certain body purifying measures (Sanshodhana karma) followed by special dietet-ics and mode of life for the couple. Ayurveda focuses on change in lifestyle of the Garbhini which helps in maternal health and fetal growth minimizing the complications related to pregnancy. Ayurveda efforts of having healthy baby commences with pre-conception care and management. Pre-conception counselling, Diet, Herbs, Yoga, Asanas are useful as a supportive therapy together with modern medication under su-pervision. The best way to improve your diet is by eating a variety of healthy foods. Various vegetables, pulses, spices, cereals, fruits, dry fruits are helpful in GDM patients. Daily 20 mins walk is also helpful. Ayurvedic herbs like Guduchi, Amalaki, Haritaki, Haridra, Bilva, Neem, Jamun are also useful in GDM. They are having antidiabetic, antioxidant properties. Tinospora Cordifolia are potential therapeutics that act as anti-diabetic drug in the prevention and treatment of GDM. Metformin is safe and effective drug in treatment of GDM. Combination of metformin, diet, Ayurvedic herbs, preconception counselling, Yoga, Pranayama and meditation can give best result in GDM.
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Fusi, Jasmine, Maria Cristina Veronesi, Alberto Prandi, Tea Meloni, Massimo Faustini, and Tanja Peric. "Hair and Claw Dehydroepiandrosterone Concentrations in Newborn Puppies Spontaneously Dead within 30 Days of Age." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223162.
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The latest intrauterine fetal developmental stage and the neonatal period represent the most challenging phases for mammalian offspring. Toward the term of pregnancy, during parturition, and after birth, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) is a key system regulating several physiologic processes, through the production of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). This study was aimed to assess DHEA concentrations in hair and claws of 126 spontaneously dead newborn puppies, classified as premature puppies (PRE-P), stillborn puppies (STILL-P) and puppies that died from the 1st to the 30th day of life (NEON-P). The possible influence of newborn sex, breed body size, and timing of death on DHEA concentrations in both matrices was evaluated. Claw DHEA concentrations were higher in the PRE-P group when compared to STILL-P and NEON-P puppies (p < 0.05), whilst no significant differences were found in hair for all the studied factors. The results confirm the hypothesis that higher amounts of DHEA are produced during the intrauterine life in dogs, also in puppies that will die soon after birth.
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Romero, Marlyn H., Magali Rodríguez-Palomares, and Jorge Alberto Sánchez. "Animal-Based Measurements to Assess the Welfare of Dairy Cull Cows during Pre-Slaughter." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2020): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101802.
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Culling is the departure of cows from the herd as a result of sale, slaughter, health, national regulations, salvage, or death. Cull cows are removed from farms with poor health, production, behavior, or other problems, and during pre-slaughter they are sometimes kept without food and water, which compromises their well-being. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the welfare state of culled dairy cows during pre-slaughter using some animal-based measurements and to identify possible associations between them. Data were recorded for 62 different dairy production farms referring to 137 cull cows (n = 60 Holstein and n = 77 Normandy crosses) slaughtered in an abattoir in Colombia (South America). In this study, we evaluated and recorded land transport conditions, the health of animals on arrival to the abattoir, human–animal interaction, stress physiological variables and the association of these variables with characteristic bruises on the carcass, the lairage time, the presence of diseases, and the stage of pregnancy. In total, 98.5% of the cows were very thin, 35.7% were pregnant, and 84.7% had bruising on the carcass. In total, 74.5% had clinical conditions; these included skin lesions (32.4%), mastitis (27.5%), lameness (21.6%), vulvar secretions (8.8%), diarrhea (6.8%), and eye carcinoma (2.9%). The total number of cull cows with bruises during pre-slaughter was associated with lot size, transport time, presence of pregnancy, body score condition, and creatine kinase levels. The results suggest that the cows were not fit for transport because their health was severely affected before they left the farms. The animal-based indicators used in this study are useful for evaluating the welfare of cull dairy cows at abattoirs.
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Whittemore, C. T., W. C. Smith, and P. Phillips. "Fatness, live weight and performance responses of sows to food level in pregnancy." Animal Science 47, no. 1 (August 1988): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037120.
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AbstractSixty crossbred females received one of three pregnancy feeding rates over five parities: high (2·3 kg/day); medium (2·0 kg/day) and low (1·7 kg/day) to produce variation in body fatness and live weight. During a 32-day lactation all sows were fed the same allowance according to litter size. At the start of parity 5 ultrasonic P2 backfat depths for the high, medium and low treatments respectively were 11·2, 11·0 and 10·6 (s.e. 1·77) mm while live weight was 184, 177 and 167 (s.e. 8·6) kg. Averaged over five parities, backfat depths at conception were not significantly different between treatments. Sows given higher pregnancy feeding rates in pregnancy were heavier and fatter pre-partum but lost relatively more live weight and backfat during lactation. Regression coefficients for the slope of the relationship between total sow pregnancy weight (kg) and fatness (mm) change, and food intake (kg/day) were 0·2 and 0·04 respectively. Pregnancy feeding rate did not influence the number of live births but total litter weight at weaning was positively related to the weight and fatness of the sow at parturition and her subsequent rate of weight and fat loss during lactation (these characteristics of the sow also being positively related): live weight of litter at 32 days (kg) = 67 – 1·8 sow backfat change in lactation (mm) – 0·4 sow live-weight change in lactation (kg). Absolute sow live weight and fatness were positive influences on readiness to rebreed after weaning.
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Ain, Syed Najmul, Shayista Gull, Reyana Qulsum, Zahid Ali Khan, and Uruj Altaf Qureshi. "Prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors in Kashmiri women attending a tertiary care hospital at Srinagar: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230121.
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Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a significant cause of morbidity among pregnant females and also affects the foetal outcome. Numerous risk factors have been identified. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of PIH and the factors associated with PIH. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Pregnant women admitted for delivery in the gynaecology and obstetrics department of SKIMS Soura formed the study participants. Patients with chronic hypertension were excluded. A minimum sample size of 295 was calculated but finally a sample of 402 was achieved. The data was collected over a 3-month period from July to September 2021 using convenient sampling. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 402 pregnant women were included. Majority (61%) of the participants were up to 30 years of age, majority (97.8%) were up to para 3 and 89% were literate. The prevalence of PIH was 6.5%. Hypertension was more frequent among the women with age more than 30 years (p=0.041) and women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI (p=0.010). Maternal education, occupation and parity were not associated with hypertension in pregnancy. Conclusions: In our study older women and women with higher body mass index (BMI) were more at risk of having PIH in pregnancy. Therefore, we would recommend earlier age at marriage and lifestyle modification for maintaining normal BMI.
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Naeiji, Zahra, Shahrzad Zademodares, Masoumeh Abbaspour, Maryam Anbarluei, Nayereh Rahmati, and Marzieh Fathi. "In-Vitro Fertilization Outcome in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Role of Age and Maternal Body Weight." Women Health Care and Issues 4, no. 5 (June 17, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/056.
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Objective: to evaluate the impact of pre-gestational maternal age and body weight on the outcome of IVF in women with PCOS. Design: a retrospective study on women with PCOS undergoing IVF. Methods: Medical records of 200 known cases of polycystic ovary syndrome women treated in a third level referral center by the same therapeutic protocol were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, maternal body mass index, hormonal profile (LH, FSH, estradiol, anti-mullerian), IVF cycle parameters and outcome were documented. Patients were classified to three groups based on their body mass index (Normal: 18.5-24.9, overweight: 25-30, obese≥30). IVF cycle parameters and outcome were compared in these 3 groups. Effect of age was also evaluated by comparing the results in patients aged <35 and ≥35. Results: Mean age of patients was 32.5 (±5.2). 72 patients had normal BMI, 85 patients were overweighed and 43 cases were obese. Baseline hormonal profile was similar in 3 groups. Total dose of administered FSH were similar in 3 groups. Number of retrieved oocytes was statistically significant higher in patients with BMI>30 but the number of mature oocytes and number of embryos were statistically lower in this group. Size of follicles showed no statistically significant difference in 3 groups. Clinical pregnancy rate was statistically significant lower in patients with BMI>30 kg/m2 and age>35 years old. Conclusions: BMI>30 and age >35 years old has a statistically significant negative impact on IVF success rate.
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Premru-Srsen, Tanja, Ivan Verdenik, Barbara Mihevc Ponikvar, Oliver Hugh, Andre Francis, and Jason Gardosi. "Customised birthweight standard for a Slovenian population." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 47, no. 3 (April 24, 2019): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0219.
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Abstract Objective To produce a customised birthweight standard for Slovenia. Methods This retrospective study used a cohort from the National Perinatal Information System of Slovenia (NPIS). Prospectively collected information from pregnancies delivered in all of Slovenia’s 14 maternal hospitals between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2012 was included. Coefficients were derived using a backward stepwise multiple regression technique. Results A total of 126,627 consecutive deliveries with complete data were included in the multivariable analysis. Maternal height, weight in early pregnancy and parity as well as the baby’s sex were identified as physiological variables, with coefficients comparable to findings in other countries. The expected 280-day birthweight, free from pathological influences, of a standard size mother (height 163 cm, weight 64 kg) in her first pregnancy was 3451.3 g. Pathological influences on birthweight within this population included low and high maternal age, low and high body mass index (BMI), smoking, pre-existing and gestational diabetes and pre-existing and gestational hypertension. Conclusion The analysis confirmed the main physiological variables that affect birthweight in studies from other countries, and was able to quantify additional pathological factors of maternal age and gestational diabetes. Development of a country-specific customised birthweight standard will aid clinicians in Slovenia with the distinction between normal and abnormal small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses, thus avoiding unnecessary interventions and improving identification of at risk pregnancies, and long-term outcomes for infants.
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Yung, Raymond, Colin Delanaey, Sanjay Garg, Christopher Fernandes, Robert Allen, and Sally Stabler. "Maternal methyl-donor supplementation protects against atherosclerosis in F1 ApoE-/- mice (P4424)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 52.32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.52.32.
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Abstract T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenic inflammatory response that accelerates atherosclerosis. Previously, we showed that F1 mice born to dams fed a diet supplemented with methyl donors (MS diet) during pregnancy and lactation had decreased T cell-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses. Here, we report feeding Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) deficient dams with the MS diet during pregnancy reduces atherosclerotic plaques in F1 mice that are subsequently fed a high fat diet (HFD) after weaning. F1 mice from dams on the MS diet (F1-MS) had increased global T cell DNA methylation and reduced Ccr2 mRNA and protein expression in CD3+ T cells, but not in CD11b+ monocytes, relative to F1-control mice. CCR2 plays an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells to atherosclerotic vascular lesions. F1 litter size, HFD consumption, body weight, body fat, and serum thiol metabolite levels were similar between F1-MS and F1-control mice. However, F1-MS mice had higher serum HDL and lower LDL+VLDL levels compared to F1-control mice. F1-MS mice had lower serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6), and F1-MS T cells cultured in vitro expressed lower levels of those cytokines compared to F1-control mice. Together, these data suggest that the pre-natal MS diet ameliorates development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting T-cell CCR2 expression, reducing inflammatory cytokine production and increasing serum HDL:LDL ratio.