Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-participation testing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-participation testing"
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Abbatemarco, Justin R., Courtney Bennett, Adrian J. Bell, Laura Dunne, and Martin E. Matsumura. "Application of pre-participation cardiovascular screening guidelines to novice older runners and endurance athletes." SAGE Open Medicine 4 (January 1, 2016): 205031211561613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312115616136.
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Objectives: Despite robust growth in participation in marathons and endurance sports among older individuals, guidance regarding pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation of these athletes is lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of currently available pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation guidelines as applied to a cohort of older novice endurance athletes. Methods: We applied data from 1457 novice runners and endurance athletes aged 35 years and older to two pre-participation screening tools, the American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine Pre-Participation Questionnaire and the 2001 Working Group recommendations for pre-participation screening of masters athletes (2001 Masters). Results: Application of the American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine Pre-Participation Questionnaire identified 42.1% for which pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation was indicated. Of those who met criteria, 51.5% reported completion of a healthcare evaluation. Application of the 2001 Masters guidelines identified 75.2% who qualified for pre-participation electrocardiogram and 34.0% for pre-participation stress testing. Of those who met 2001 Masters criteria for pre-participation testing, 43.7% and 24.6% underwent recommended electrocardiogram and stress testing, respectively. While there was modest concordance with recommendations for pre-participation evaluations based on both American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine Pre-Participation Questionnaire and 2001 Masters, only athlete age was independently associated with completion of a pre-participation healthcare evaluation and only athlete age and athlete’s participation in marathons were independently associated with pre-participation stress testing. Conclusion: Among older novice endurance athletes, application of the American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine Pre-Participation Questionnaire and 2001 Masters guidelines identifies a significant percentage of athletes for whom pre-participation evaluation and testing are recommended. Concordance with these guidelines was modest and providers were primarily influenced by athlete age and competitive goals when planning pre-participation testing. Given the rarity of cardiovascular events among older participants in endurance events, the cost-effectiveness of the American Heart Association/American College of Sports Medicine Pre-Participation Questionnaire and 2001 Masters guidelines may be unacceptable for general use.
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Almeida, A., C. Milani, J. Sudkamp, R. Bell, and G. Stewart. "Effect of Testing Environment on Pre-Participation Reaction Time in High School Athletes (P02.214)." Neurology 78, Meeting Abstracts 1 (April 22, 2012): P02.214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.214.
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Marosi, Krisztina, Endre Horváth, Péter Nagy, Bernadett Köles, and Zsolt B. Nagy. "Review of genetic research and testing in sport." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 32 (August 2012): 1247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29412.
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There is compelling evidence for a genetic contribution to physical performance. In addition, there is an advanced scientific knowledge on the predisposition to sports-related diseases and injuries. Genetic testing of performance related polymorphisms can serve as a new opportunity for developing the process of talent selection. Sport-related genetic information may also allow for individualization of the training and improve performance. Genetic testing may also play an important role in the pre-participation screening for injuries and disease risks. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1247–1255.
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Linton, L., C. Laura, and S. Tessa. "MUSCULOSKELETAL TESTING OF ORIENTEERS DURING PRE-PARTICIPATION EVALUATION AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH LIMB DOMINANCE AND INJURY HISTORY." British Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 7 (March 11, 2014): 628.1–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.184.
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Mitchell, A. R. J., R. Hurry, P. Le Page, and H. MacLachlan. "Pre-participation cardiovascular screening: is community screening using hand-held cardiac ultrasound feasible?" Echo Research and Practice 2, no. 2 (May 2015): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erp-15-0010.
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We evaluated the feasibility and costs of utilising hand-held cardiac ultrasound (HHCU) as part of a community-based pre-participation cardiovascular screening programme. Ninety-seven school children were screened using a personal history, a physical examination, a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and a HHCU. A consultant cardiologist independently reviewed and reported the data. Previously undiagnosed cardiovascular abnormalities were identified in nine participants (9%). An additional three participants (3%) were diagnosed with hypertension. The nine abnormalities were identified at a cost of £460 per finding, with a cost of £43 per participant screened. The marginal cost of adding a HHCU to the personal history, physical examination and ECG was £16 per participant. Pre-participation screening in the community using hand-held echocardiography is practical and inexpensive. The additional sensitivity and specificity provided by the ultrasound may enhance screening programmes, thereby reducing false positives and the need for expensive follow-up testing.
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Onate, James A., Cambrie Starkel, Daniel R. Clifton, Thomas M. Best, James Borchers, Ajit Chaudhari, R. Dawn Comstock, et al. "Normative Functional Performance Values in High School Athletes: The Functional Pre-Participation Evaluation Project." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-458.16.
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Context: The fourth edition of the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation recommends functional testing for the musculoskeletal portion of the examination; however, normative data across sex and grade level are limited. Establishing normative data can provide clinicians reference points with which to compare their patients, potentially aiding in the development of future injury-risk assessments and injury-mitigation programs. Objective: To establish normative functional performance and limb-symmetry data for high school-aged male and female athletes in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Athletic training facilities and gymnasiums across the United States. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 3951 male and female athletes who participated on high school-sponsored basketball, football, lacrosse, or soccer teams enrolled in this nationwide study. Main Outcome Measure(s): Functional performance testing consisted of 3 evaluations. Ankle-joint range of motion, balance, and lower extremity muscular power and landing control were assessed via the weight-bearing ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and anterior single-legged hop-for-distance (SLHOP) tests, respectively. We used 2-way analyses of variance and χ2 analyses to examine the effects of sex and grade level on ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and SLHOP test performance and symmetry. Results: The SLHOP performance differed between sexes (males = 187.8% ± 33.1% of limb length, females = 157.5% ± 27.8% of limb length; t = 30.3, P < .001). A Cohen d value of 0.97 indicated a large effect of sex on SLHOP performance. We observed differences for SLHOP and ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge performance among grade levels, but these differences were not clinically meaningful. Conclusions: We demonstrated differences in normative data for lower extremity functional performance during preparticipation physical evaluations across sex and grade levels. The results of this study will allow clinicians to compare sex- and grade-specific functional performances and implement approaches for preventing musculoskeletal injuries in high school-aged athletes.
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V, Gallagher, Murthy P, Stocks J, Karpouzian Rogers T, Vesci B, Mjaanes J, Chen Y, et al. "A-108 Differential Change in Eye Movement Performance Among Male Collegiate Athletes With Variable Exposure to Head Impacts." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.108.
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Abstract Objective The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the use of eye movement testing to detect change in cognitive and sensorimotor processing among male club collegiate athletes following a season of participation in collision sports of variable exposure. We predicted that collision sport athletes (COLL) exposed to subconcussive head trauma would demonstrate longer reaction times (latency) on saccadic eye movement tasks with executive demands (antisaccade and memory-guided saccade [MGS] tasks), greater antisaccade inhibitory errors, and poorer MGS accuracy, a measure of spatial working memory, from pre-season to post-season, whereas non-collision sport athletes (NON-COLL) would demonstrate stability overtime. We predicted that longitudinal change in eye movement performance would be greater than change observed on ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test). Method Collegiate club athletes with variable exposure to contact sports participation [COLL-High Dose, n = 8; COLL-Low Dose, n = 9; NON-COLL, n = 17] completed eye movement and ImPACT assessments pre-season and post-season. Results NON-COLL demonstrated shorter post-season versus pre-season antisaccade and MGS latencies, whereas COLL groups showed stable, longer, or more attenuated (relative to NON-COLL) shorter latencies (ps ≤ .001). NON-COLL demonstrated improved MGS spatial accuracy over the season, whereas COLL groups showed poorer or stable accuracy (ps < .05). No differential change was observed in pre-season to post-season ImPACT performance among groups. Conclusions This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the use of eye movement testing as a sensitive marker of subtle changes in attentional control and working memory resulting from participation in collision sports.
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Noviyanti, Ayu Kristiana, and Eunice Widyanti Setyaningtyas. "Partisipasi Pembelajaran Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Dengan Classroom Rules." Journal of Education Research and Evaluation 1, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jere.v1i2.10071.
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This study aims to: (1) Determine the effect of applying classroom rules in participation in teaching students in grades 5 (2) Determine the level of success of the effect of applying classroom rules in participation in teaching students in grades 5 Classroom rules are a set of rules which help organize learning activities, not just a routine or habit but in practice is also based on a standard that will have a positive impact on student behavior both in learning and everyday attitudes. This type of research is experimental research with research design Quasi Experimental Design. Instruments data collection using questionnaires, observations and interviews. Hypothesis testing using t-test and two independent samples t-test two different paired sample with SPSS 16.0. The results showed that: (1) the results of pre-test and post-test participation learning experimental class increased after applying classroom rules is higher than pre-test participation study before applying classroom rules with an average participation of learning by 52 904 and the average after applying classroom learning participation rules amounted to 55 761; (2) Participation of higher learning experimental class of classes controls (t = 2.342> ttabel 5% = 2,021). Thus the application of classroom rules affect the increased participation of student learning. Application of the rules Clasroom done optimally will affect the formation of character and the effect on student achievement.
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Shumilov, Vladimir. "REAR AS FRONT LINES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 5 (2019): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-5-145-158.
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The article discusses the work of test pilots of one of the leading aircraft plants of the Soviet Union, No. 153, during the Great Patriotic War. On the example of 8 test pilots of the aircraft plant No. 153, who died when testing new and serial equipment, their biographies, the ways in which they came to test work, their participation, in pre-war and during the Great Patriotic War conflicts are considered.
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Kamran, Farrukh, Ayesha Afzal, and Shahid Rafiq. "TEACHERS’ BEHAVIOR INFLUENCING THE CLASSROOM PARTICIPATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Journal of Social Research Development 3, no. 02 (December 25, 2022): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/03-02-2022-05-173-192.
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In a wide range of educational contexts, active participation and involvement are both essential elements for the student success. The ability of students to connect with material they are studying critically and effectively while also engaging in dialogue with their teachers and classmates is the vital skill that must be developed and refined in classroom. It has consistently been stated that most students are inactive in class, despite importance often attached to participation. The research shows how teachers' behavior influences students' participation in the class. The population of present study was the University of the Punjab as it is the most exceedingly massive University of the Punjab and have the students of all locations of Pakistan. By adopting the random sampling approach, at cessation sample of 570 respondents was drawn. The pre-testing of instrument showed that it is reliable. The collective data were analyzed over utilizing SPSS. Results of present study suggested, to enhance class participation teachers should deport positively and eliminate all those elements from their edification methodology that have negative effect on class participation.
Book chapters on the topic "Pre-participation testing"
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Lord, Rachel N., and David Oxborough. "Pre-participation evaluation for athletes." In Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I – Sport Testing, 51–54. 5th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045281-12.
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Kanellopoulos, Kostas, Christina Karakioulafi, Pinelopi Alexandropoulou, and Giorgos Soros. "Transnational Solidarity Organisations in Contemporary Greek Civil Society: Vibrant, Multifarious and Politicised." In Transnational Solidarity in Times of Crises, 33–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49659-3_2.
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Abstract Based on interviews conducted with groups working in the fields of migration, disabilities and unemployment, this chapter offers insights into Greek civil society as it has emerged and developed during the economic and refugee crises. The findings of these interviews also testify to a vibrant pre-crises Greek civil society, which has become even more multifarious and politicised. The newly imposed grievances as the backdrop of a deteriorating political framework led to the growth of the organisational field (more volunteers and new groups) and more voices in regard to issues and demands. It seems that active participation in solidarity activities beyond the provision of help to beneficiaries has become a means in itself for one part of Greek society in its efforts to overcome and recover from the dual economic and migration crisis.
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Iliou, Marie Christine, and Catherine Monpere. "Early assessment and risk stratification." In ESC Handbook of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, 41–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849308.003.0006.
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A pre-participation medical assessment before cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is mandatory in order to deliver a safe programme tailored to the individual patient. This initial evaluation also aims to increase patient adherence and the efficiency of the programme. The entry assessment includes the following components: history, global patient evaluation including clinical questionnaires, physical examination, laboratory analysis, and non-invasive cardiovascular testing. Following this assessment, a risk stratification should be performed to determine the appropriate CR modalities.
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Schnell, Frédéric, and François Carré. "Evaluation of ischaemia, blood pressure, QT interval, and arrhythmias." In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson, and Sanjay Sharma, 98–106. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0011.
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Exercise is a major stress for the cardiovascular system, and therefore many adverse cardiac events can occur during intense exercise. Thus it makes sense to perform maximal exercise testing when assessing an athlete presenting with exertional symptoms, with a known cardiac disease, or for pre-participation evaluation. Nevertheless, the limits of exercise testing must be kept in mind. Exercise testing has a high rate of false-positive results for identifying ischaemia in an asymptomatic athlete. The value of exercise testing in the evaluation of arrhythmias is proved, but the constraints of an exercise test in a laboratory do not reflect those induced on the field. It seems more appropriate to analyse the kinetics of blood pressure (BP) responses during exercise testing rather than to check only the maximal systolic BP. Regular intense training may prolong QTc duration; nevertheless, because of the lack of specific studies on athletes, the same interpretation of QT responses to exercise validated in the general population is used for athletes.
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Saona-Vallejos, Miguel, and Michael Thomas. "An Investigation of Social Networking Sites for Language Learning and the User Experience." In Recent Developments in Technology-Enhanced and Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 72–98. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1282-1.ch004.
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This chapter investigates the user experience of the language learning platform Busuu as a tool for learning Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL). Social constructionism has been highlighted by previous research as the theory on which Busuu is based, however, Álvarez concluded that Busuu constitutes an ecological system of nested semiotic spaces where pedagogical elements and principles from different theories of language learning interweave in complementary ways. Following a review of existing research, the chapter analyses data arising from a study involving a mixed group of university students who used the premium version of Busuu for four weeks. Data were collected via pre- and post-tests, a user experience questionnaire, and individual interviews, and were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings suggest that Busuu did not fully satisfy the requirements of a social network in terms of ease of participation, communication, and collaboration. Further research is required to explore the implications of usability testing for the design of effective SNSLL.
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Saona-Vallejos, Miguel, and Michael Thomas. "An Investigation of Social Networking Sites for Language Learning and the User Experience." In Research Anthology on Applying Social Networking Strategies to Classrooms and Libraries, 1294–320. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7123-4.ch069.
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This chapter investigates the user experience of the language learning platform Busuu as a tool for learning Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL). Social constructionism has been highlighted by previous research as the theory on which Busuu is based, however, Álvarez concluded that Busuu constitutes an ecological system of nested semiotic spaces where pedagogical elements and principles from different theories of language learning interweave in complementary ways. Following a review of existing research, the chapter analyses data arising from a study involving a mixed group of university students who used the premium version of Busuu for four weeks. Data were collected via pre- and post-tests, a user experience questionnaire, and individual interviews, and were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings suggest that Busuu did not fully satisfy the requirements of a social network in terms of ease of participation, communication, and collaboration. Further research is required to explore the implications of usability testing for the design of effective SNSLL.
Conference papers on the topic "Pre-participation testing"
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Zenic, Natasa, Admir Terzic, and Ivan Kvesic. "Determinants of changes in physical activity levels in late adolescence; prospective analysis in urban communities." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-39.
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Purpose: Physical activity levels (PA-levels) significantly decline during adolescence, and sport participation during childhood and adolescence is frequently emphasized as protec-tive factors of PA-decline. However, there is a lack of studies which specifically examined sport-related factors and its influence on changes in PA (PA-changes) in adolescence. This study aimed to prospectively observe sport factors as: (i) correlates of PA-levels and (ii) pre-dictors of PA-changes in the period between 16 and 18 years of age among urban adoles-cents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The sample of participants comprised 324 adolescents (44% females) who were prospectively observed over two testing waves: (i) baseline, when participants were 16 years old; and (ii) follow-up, 20 months later (18 years of age). The variables were collected by previously validated questionnaires including questions on predictors (sociodemographic variables and various sport factors [current/former/ever participation in individual and team sports, experience in sports, competitive result achieved]), and criteria (PA level obtained at study baseline and follow up, measured by Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents [PAQ-A], and difference between PA-levels at baseline and follow-up). The t-test was used to compare PA-levels. The associations between variables were evidenced by: (i) Spear-man’s rank order correlations (between predictors and PA-levels), and (ii) logistic regression analysis (between predictors, and PA-changes observed as binomial criterion [PA-incline vs. PA-decline] – excluding those participants who reported active sport participation at study baseline). Results: The PA-level significantly declined over the study course (t-test: 6.60, p < 0.01). Sport-related predictors were significantly associated with PA at baseline (Spearman’s R: 0.33–0.45, p < 0.01), and PAat follow-up (Spearman’s R: 0.32-0.45, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between studied predictors and differences in PA-levels between baseline and follow-up. Also, logistic regression did not reveal any significant influ-ence of predictors obtained at study baseline and PA-changes observed as binomial criterion (PA-incline vs PA-decline). Conclusion: While studied sport-related predictors significantly influence the PA-levels in the age of 16 and 18, with the higher level of PA among those adolescents who are actively in-volved in sports, sport-participation do not predict changes in PA-levels over the observed period of life. Knowing the influence of PAon overall health status, future studies should pro-vide additional details on possible predictors of PA-changes in adolescence.
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Yamamoto, Masato, Akihiko Kimura, Kunio Onizawa, Kentaro Yoshimoto, Takuya Ogawa, Atsushi Chiba, Takashi Hirano, et al. "A Round Robin Program of Master Curve Evaluation Using Miniature C(T) Specimens: First Round Robin Test on Uniform Specimens of Reactor Pressure Vessel Material." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78661.
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Reference temperature evaluation method by Master Curve approach for the fracture toughness evaluation had been standardized recently in Japan, and expected to be a powerful tool to ensure the reliability of long term used RPV steels. In order to get sufficient number of data for the Master curve approach coexistent with the present surveillance program for RPVs, the utilization of miniature specimens, which can be taken from broken halves of surveillance Charpy specimens, is important. CRIEPI had developed the test technique for the miniature C(T) specimens (Mini-CT), whose dimensions are 4 × 10 × 10 mm, and verified the basic applicability of Master Curve approach by means of Mini-CT for the determination of fracture toughness of typical Japanese RPV steels. A round robin program is organized with the participation of Japanese academia, industries and a government institute. The program aims to verify the reliability and robustness of experimental data of Mini-CT, and to pick out further investigation items to be solved before the actual application of the technique. As the first step of this program, four institutes separately carried out a series of Master Curve evaluation in conformity to ASTM E1921-10e1 by means of Mini-CT specimens, whose material (Japanese RPV material, SFVQ1A), machining process and pre-cracking process are in common in all the specimens. Valid reference temperature T0 could be successfully obtained in all of the institutes by means of Mini-CT specimen. However, the value, T0, have large difference with maximum of 34 °C among the institutes. The difference shows strong correlation with the difference in loading rate, which is selected by each organization to be meet the testing standard ASTM E1921-10e1.
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Al Wahedi, Faisal, Hisham Khalil, Kapil Gupta, Shaikh Al Habshi, and Shayma Al Shehhi. "Importance of Qualitative Risk-Based Chloride Mapping in Material Selection in HC Services." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211055-ms.
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Abstract Material selection of sour hydrocarbon processing plant is vital exercise. The well-known industry guideline for selection of Corrosion Resistance Alloys (CRAs) is NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 which is always complemented by either documented field experience or Laboratory qualification testing records. The chloride content is one of key controlling parameters, not only for material selection of new equipment or unit, but also for establishing baseline Integrity Operating Windows (IOWs) in sour service. Nevertheless, the significance of chloride ions in wet gas system was highly recognized by end-users after several failures in sour gas processing units in the last decade which was mainly attributed to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) failure in presence of chloride ions which used to be estimated as nil or less than 50ppmw during equipment design phase. Hence, the objective of this work is to establish an appropriate understanding of chloride distribution in sour gas processing units at early phase of asset development such as early Conceptual Studies and Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) for appropriate risk-based and life cycle cost effective material selection. A qualitative risk-based methodology has been adopted for estimating potential chloride ions carry over into downstream process streams and equipment. The assessment methodology covers, not only normal operating scenarios, but also other mode of operations such as system startup, gas recycling, gas compressor's settle out conditions, etc. Preliminary chloride levels anticipated in various streams were qualitatively estimated by Process Engineers considering potential scenarios such as formation water carry over, condensation, evaporation, etc. However, a peer-review session was also held in participation of Materials & Corrosion engineers, Mechanical engineers and Operation engineers for validating assumptions and fine-tuning estimated chloride levels. The risk-based estimated chloride levels have been utilized in material selection of systems such as Slug Catcher gas outlet line, LP/MP Gas Compression Unit as well as Fuel Gas Sweetening and Conditioning Units. Equipment material selection and estimated chloride levels have been additionally evaluated through Corrosion Risk Assessment Study (CRAS) to demonstrate that all potential threats are mitigated as low as reasonably possible (ALARP) with life cycle cost effective barriers. Chloride mapping in gas system is a newly engineering practice that has been recently performed in recent onshore / offshore project. Although there is no available industry-recognized engineering software that can be utilized for such purpose, it is highly recommended for Engineering Consultants to develop a qualitative or semi-quantitative model for risk-based chloride level estimation in gas system. It should be noted that this work should be carried out at early stage of project such as Pre-FEED and FEED phase and should be stipulated in Consultant's scope of work. Meanwhile, the engagement of end-user's process, corrosion, materials, and integrity engineers is highly required. Lesson Learnt from past project and operating experience of the plant shall also be taken into account while deciding the parameters for the studies
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Slotwinski, J. A., G. W. Vogl, R. W. Ivester, and I. M. Younker. "Detection of Cutting Phenomena Using Sensor Fusion." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7307.
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This paper presents an investigation of the application of a suite of sensors for simultaneous in-situ measurements of machining processes. While not every individual sensor responds to all machining phenomena, the suite of sensors together responds to many machining phenomena of interest, including chip segmentation, chip breakage, and vibrations. The simultaneous use of a suite of sensors with modest data-acquisition equipment and the use of careful preliminary laboratory testing for optimizing sensor performance distinguishes this present proof-of-concept work from prior process monitoring efforts using individual sensors. This paper includes a discussion of pre-deployment laboratory measurements and a full description of the instrumented tool holder, associated circuitry, and data analysis methods. The deployment of multiple sensors of varying sophistication and cost lays a technical foundation for the ultimate objective of industrially practical measurement and monitoring systems for metal cutting processes.
Reports on the topic "Pre-participation testing"
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Schipper, Youdi, Isaac Mbiti, and Mauricio Romero. Designing and Testing a Scalable Teacher Incentive Programme in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/044.
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School participation in Tanzania has increased dramatically over the past two decades: primary school enrolment increased from 4.9 million in 2001 to 10.9 million in 2020. While 81 percent of primary-school-age children are currently enrolled, over the last ten years, the primary completion rate has dropped and remains below 70 percent since 2015 (data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics).1 Despite improvements in enrolment, indicators of foundational learning remain low. According to the 2020 report of the Standard Two National Assessment (STNA), conducted by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA), in 2019 five percent of Grade 2 students pass the benchmark for reading proficiency (“Can correctly read exactly 50 words of the passage in one minute and with 80 percent or higher comprehension”). The report finds that 17 percent of students pass the benchmark (80 percent correct) of the addition and subtraction sub-tasks. These outcomes are not the result of students’ lack of academic aspiration: according to the RISE Tanzania baseline survey, 73 percent of Grade 2 and 3 students say they would like to complete secondary school or university. In a recent report, the Global Education Evidence Advisory Panel (World Bank, 2020) asked what programmes and policies are the most cost-effective instruments for addressing the learning crisis and improving learning for all children. The report creates three categories: the “great buys” category includes programmes that provide very low-cost but salient information on the benefits, costs, and quality of education. The “good buys” category includes programmes that provide structured pedagogy, instruction targeted by learning level, merit-based scholarships and pre-school interventions. Finally, the category “promising but low-evidence” includes teacher accountability and incentive reforms. KiuFunza, a teacher performance pay programme in Tanzania, fits this last category. KiuFunza (shorthand for Kiu ya Kujifunza or Thirst to Learn) provides test-score linked cash incentives to teachers in Grades 1, 2, and 3 to increase foundational literacy and numeracy outcomes for students. The programme is managed by Twaweza East Africa, a Civil Society Organization, and was set up to provide evidence on the impact of teacher incentives in a series of experimental evaluations. This note discusses the rationale for teacher incentives in Tanzania, the design elements of KiuFunza and preliminary results for the most recent phase of KiuFunza (this phase was implemented in 2019-2021 and the impact evaluation is part of the RISE Tanzania research agenda).