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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-medical first aid'
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Billier-Katrych, Mariia. "Pre-medical basic first aid curriculum for 5 to 11 year old children." Resuscitation 130 (September 2018): e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.177.
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Wexler, Brian B., and Norma S. Saks. "Introducing First Aid Skills to Pre-Clerkship Medical Students While Reinforcing Basic Science Concepts." Medical Science Educator 24, no. 2 (March 13, 2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-014-0034-1.
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Chandra, Anita, Jee Kim, Huibrie C. Pieters, Jennifer Tang, Michael McCreary, Merritt Schreiber, and Kenneth Wells. "Implementing Psychological First-Aid Training for Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 1 (February 2014): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.112.
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AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the feasibility and impact on knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices of psychological first-aid (PFA) training in a sample of Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) members. Data have been limited on the uptake of PFA training in surge responders (eg, MRC) who are critical to community response.MethodsOur mixed-methods approach involved self-administered pre- and post-training surveys and within-training focus group discussions of 76 MRC members attending a PFA training and train-the-trainer workshop. Listen, protect, connect (a PFA model for lay persons) focuses on listening and understanding both verbal and nonverbal cues; protecting the individual by determining realistic ways to help while providing reassurance; and connecting the individual with resources in the community.ResultsFrom pre- to post-training, perceived confidence and capability in using PFA after an emergency or disaster increased from 71% to 90% (P < .01), but no significant increase was found in PFA-related knowledge. Qualitative analyses suggest that knowledge and intentions to use PFA increased with training. Brief training was feasible, and while results were modest, the PFA training resulted in greater reported confidence and perceived capability in addressing psychological distress of persons affected by public health threats.ConclusionPFA training is a promising approach to improve surge responder confidence and competency in addressing postdisaster needs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
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Омельчук, Михайло Анатолійович. "The model of formation of competence for provide the first pre-medical aid in pharmacists." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 7 (3) (July 30, 2016): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2016.74565.
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Hanušová, Jaroslava, and Jiří Prokop. "Knowledge of Vocational Education and Practical Training Teachers on Providing Pre-medical First Aid in the Czech Republic." Labor et Educatio 8 (2020): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25439561le.20.016.13007.
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The authors carried out a long-term research on knowledge of providing premedical first aid amongst elementary school teachers in the past years. The research results showed, among the others, that more than 45% of accidents at schools happen during vocational training. On this basis, the authors decided to carry out a long-term (2019–2021) research verifying the level of selected pre-medical first aid competencies amongst educational professionals providing vocational education and practical training. The study aimed at finding out whether and to what extent the vocational education and practical training teachers are competent in providing layman’s first aid, to understand possible gaps in these competencies, and to establish corresponding training needs. At this moment, the study sample includes 325 teachers of vocational education and practical training at vocational schools, secondary vocational schools, or secondary and higher technical schools, with a varying level of teaching experience. A quantitative method was used (questionnaire) in the research. The respondents completed a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part focused on selected attitudes, opinions and experience in providing pre-medical first aid, and the second part contained a knowledge test. The results show that the highest number of respondents failed questions on how to stop bleeding and treat wounds. The respondents believe that these are the most frequent injuries during vocational education and practical training. Many respondents also failed questions on what to do in case of a knocked-out tooth (only 42% of correct answers), how to provide first aid in case of epileptic seizure (42% of correct answers), and how to provide first aid in case of hypoglycaemia (31% of correct answers) and asthma (35%). It is clear that the failures stated above might have been influenced by not being familiar with updated international recommended first aid procedures, which are updated every five years, and 53% of respondents do not receive a pre-medical first aid training where they could gain this information. Taking into account the sample size and continuation of the research, it is certainly not possible to draw any general conclusions on the presented research. The respondents themselves state that they feel quite uncertain about their knowledge and skills related to providing layman’s first aid. However, this situation can lead to a serious threat or damage to health and lives of students. The authors of this study realize that it is necessary to take very seriously every sign of incompetency, and that they can only be eliminated by systematic education based, in particular, on regular practical training sessions (acquiring practical skills) in small groups and a development of interactive materials on first aid. An annual training session within the OHS (occupational health and safety) system is evidently insufficient.
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Levchuk, I. P., and M. V. Kostyuchenko. "Unification of the Preparation of Schoolchildren of Medical Classes for Competitions of Pre-Professional Skills." Virtual Technologies in Medicine 1, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46594/2687-0037_2021_3_1373.
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Currently, within the framework of vocational guidance for schoolchildren, quite active work is underway; since 2018, a pre-professional exam has been introduced, including in the theoretical part of the program in biology, chemistry, the basics of medical knowledge and other natural science subjects, in the practical part, first aid skills are assessed. However, until now there is no single strategy for preparing students for the first aid program. In order to unify the training of students in medical classes, a work program and a textbook for medical classes have been developed.
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Arti, Km, Rina Kumari, Sciddhartha Koonwar, and Anugrah Charan. "Effectiveness of an instructional module regarding first-aid of pediatric emergencies on knowledge among mothers of 1-6 years children." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20205508.
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Background: The first aid is given to preserve and protect life, prevent further injury or deterioration of the victim, and help to promote recovery. The objectives of the study were to assess the pre- test knowledge scores regarding first aid of pediatric emergencies among mothers of 1-6 years children, to evaluate the effectiveness of an instructional module regarding first aid of pediatric emergencies on knowledge among mothers of 1-6 years children, to find out the association between the post-test knowledge scores of mothers with their demographic variables.Methods: Quasi-experimental with one group pre-test post-test design was used for 48 mothers at pediatric medical ward, surgery ward and trauma emergency KGMU, Lucknow and purposive sampling technique was used. Self-structured knowledge questionnaires on first aid of pediatric emergencies were used. Based on the objectives and the hypotheses the data were analyzed by using various statistical tests.Results: The result reveals that the overall score was 13.17 in pre-test and 20.13 in post- test after distribution of Instructional module to mothers 22 (45.83%) had good knowledge and 26 (54.17%) had average knowledge regarding first aid of selected conditions of pediatric emergencies. Paired ‘t’ test showed that there was a significant improvement between pre-test and post-test scores with a 't' value of -24.639, p<0.05.Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the Instructional module regarding first aid of Pediatric Emergencies was effective in improving knowledge of mothers of 1-6 years children.
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Olumide, Adesola O., Michael C. Asuzu, and Oladele O. Kale. "Effect of First Aid Education on First Aid Knowledge and Skills of Commercial Drivers in South West Nigeria." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 6 (October 28, 2015): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005282.
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AbstractBackgroundPrompt prehospital care is essential for improving outcomes of road crash victims; however, this service is sub-optimal in developing countries because Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are not readily available. Training of lay responders in first aid has been suggested as a means of filling this gap in settings with inadequate EMS. This study was conducted to determine the effect of first aid training on the first aid knowledge and skills of commercial drivers.MethodsA before-and-after study was conducted among 128 commercial drivers (62 intervention and 66 controls) selected by multi-stage sampling. Drivers’ first aid knowledge and skills were assessed at baseline, immediate, and three months post-intervention. The intervention involved a 2-day training session in first aid. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences in respondents’ pre- and post-intervention scores over the three assessment points.ResultsMean first aid knowledge scores for intervention drivers were 48.9% (SD=12.0), 57.8% (SD=11.2), and 59.2% (SD=9.0) at baseline, immediate, and three months post-intervention. Corresponding scores for the controls were 48.3% (SD=12.8), 39.2% (SD=15.3), and 46.8% (SD=15.3). Mean first aid skill scores for intervention drivers were 17.5% (SD=3.8), 80.7% (SD=8.3), and 72.3% (SD=16.8). Scores for control drivers were 16.5% (SD=4.5), 16.3% (SD=4.7), and 20.4% (SD=9.1), respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences in first aid knowledge and skills scores over the three phases. Independent t-test revealed significant differences in scores between the intervention and control groups post-intervention.ConclusionThe training led to significant improvement in first aid knowledge and skills of intervention drivers. This confirms that lay responders can be trained in provision of first aid. The slight drop in skills scores, which occurred three months post-intervention, highlights the need for periodic refresher trainings to be conducted for the drivers in order to maintain the knowledge and skills acquired.OlumideAO, AsuzuMC, KaleOO. Effect of first aid education on first aid knowledge and skills of commercial drivers in South West Nigeria. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):579–585.
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Katona, Lindsay B., William S. Douglas, Sean R. Lena, Kyle G. Ratner, Daniel Crothers, Robert L. Zondervan, and Charles D. Radis. "Wilderness First Aid Training as a Tool for Improving Basic Medical Knowledge in South Sudan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 6 (October 23, 2015): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005270.
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AbstractIntroductionThe challenges presented by traumatic injuries in low-resource communities are especially relevant in South Sudan. This study was conducted to assess whether a 3-day wilderness first aid (WFA) training course taught in South Sudan improved first aid knowledge. Stonehearth Open Learning Opportunities (SOLO) Schools designed the course to teach people with limited medical knowledge to use materials from their environment to provide life-saving care in the event of an emergency.MethodsA pre-test/post-test study design was used to assess first aid knowledge of 46 community members in Kit, South Sudan, according to a protocol approved by the University of New England Institutional Review Board. The course and assessments were administered in English and translated in real-time to Acholi and Arabic, the two primary languages spoken in the Kit region. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were conducted.ResultsResults included a statistically significant improvement in first aid knowledge after the 3-day training course: t(38)=3.94; P<.001. Although men started with more health care knowledge: (t(37)=2.79; P=.008), men and women demonstrated equal levels of knowledge upon course completion: t(37)=1.56; P=.88.ConclusionsThis research, which may be the first of its kind in South Sudan, provides evidence that a WFA training course in South Sudan is efficacious. These findings suggest that similar training opportunities could be used in other parts of the world to improve basic medical knowledge in communities with limited access to medical resources and varying levels of education and professional experiences.KatonaLB, DouglasWS, LenaSR, RatnerKG, CrothersD, ZondervanRL, RadisCD. Wilderness first aid training as a tool for improving basic medical knowledge in South Sudan. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):574–578.
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Siddiqui, Aesha Farheen, Saad Qaddah Al Qahtani, Abulelah Mesfer Al Qahtani, Shahad Abdullah Barkout, and Abdul Khaliq Ali AlAamri. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Burns Prevention and First Aid among Medical Students of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 17, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v17i4.38313.
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Background: Burn prevention and first aid knowledge amongst medical students is a neglected subject.Objectives: 1.Assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students regarding burn prevention and first aid 2. Identify their sources of knowledge.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey of KKU medical students documented their sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitudes and practices of burn prevention and first aid, and their sources of information. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Descriptive information was presented as frequency and percentages, while Chi square test was used to find association of knowledge with sociodemographic factors.Results: A total of 273 students, from preclinical and clinical level were enrolled in the study. With an average of 9.3 correct responses, the median score of knowledge regarding burn prevention and first aid was 56.2 %. About half of the respondents (50.9%) achieved a fair knowledge score i.e. between 50-75%.College curriculum emerged as the major source of information for burn prevention (34.06%) and first aid (25.27%). About 42 % students suggested that inclusion in college curriculum would be the best way to increase awareness. YouTube emerged as the most common extra-curricular learning method (67.7%). Students in clinical years of medical education demonstrated significantly higher knowledge than those in pre-clinical years (p=0.01, COR=1.82). Fire prevention practices were not widely in place; however students revealed a positive attitude towards the same.Conclusion: Medical students have a fair knowledge in burn prevention and first aid and carry a positive attitude towards training. Incorporating social media for health awareness shows promise.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.537-544
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Ayvaz, Berk, and Ali Osman Kuşakcı. "A Fuzzy Integer Programming Model to Locate Temporary Medical Facilities as Part of Pre-Disaster Management." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2019010102.
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The number and the scale of natural disasters have drastically increased over the last decades. One of the most vital stages of disaster preparedness is disaster response planning, and it plays an important role in limiting material and immaterial consequences, such as those caused by large scale earthquakes. In order to minimize human suffering and death, the aim of establishing a well-designed humanitarian relief chain must be to provide medicine, water, shelter, emergency food and supplies to the affected areas. From a holistic perspective, providing timely first aid and rapid transfer of injured victims to a medical facility is one of the most essential component of such chain. Thus, the location of first aid hospitals must be determined following a careful thought and planning process. This study presents a fuzzy integer programming model to determine the best location of the temporary hospitals which are expected to support extant state hospitals after a major earthquake. This study applies the proposed fuzzy model to the Üsküdar province of Istanbul and identifies optimum number and locations of field hospitals for a severe earthquake scenario.
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Joseph, Teena Elsa, Rajesh Sharawat, Vandana Phadke, Smita Chakraboraty Acharya, Gaurav Sachdev, and Harvinder Singh Chhabra. "Immobilization and evacuation of accident victims by first responders in Delhi, India: a survey." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211988.
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Background: Despite many improvements, pre-hospital care is known to be inconsistent and inefficient across India. This contributes to high mortality and morbidity of accident and medical emergency victims. Pre-hospital care may be provided by bystanders, but they are known to hesitate due to multiple reasons. The first aiders (ambulance staff or police personnel) who are responsible for providing appropriate initial care are not adequately trained to manage all aspects of emergency situations including extrication, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, management of bleeding, and protection of the spine evacuation and transfer. The current study was conducted to gauge the knowledge of first aid among bystanders and first aiders in Delhi national capital region.Methods: Two separate surveys with closed-ended questions were formulated for the bystanders and first aiders in english and hindi. A sample of 511 bystanders and 309 first aiders (108 ambulance and 201 police personnel) completed the survey between February 2019 and April 2019. Data was analysed descriptively. Comparison were made across demographic variables for the bystanders. For first aiders, comparisons were made between ambulance staff and police personnel, and between emergency medical technicians and drivers.Results: The average total scores for the bystanders were 38.5±14.2%. Slight differences across age and educational qualifications were found. The average total score for the first aiders was 34.3±12.3%. Ambulance personnel scored significantly better than police personnel in evacuation (70.3±26.6% versus 42.6±26.5%) and CPR subdomains (37.6±19.4% versus 21.9±14.7%). The emergency medical technicians scored better than the driver in their total and first aid subdomain scores.Conclusions: The knowledge amongst first responders including bystanders and first aiders was low and efforts to educate and train them would improve the much-needed quality of pre-hospital care.
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GARANINA, Lilia Andreevna, and Artem Aleksandrovich NAZAROV. "Study of the role of a nurse in providing pre-medical care for emergency conditions in gastroenterology." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2101-03.
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The functions of nurses in the department of gastroenterology are diverse. Nurses perform a wide range of medical appointments (injections, enemas, medication distribution, etc.), diagnostic procedures (body temperature measurement, gastric and duodenal intubation, etc.). If necessary, nurses should be able to calculate the respiratory rate and pulse rate, measure blood pressure, daily urine output, correctly collect the patient’s secretions (sputum, urine, feces) for analysis and send them to the laboratory. In urgent situations, nurses are required to be able to provide first aid (artificial respiration, chest compressions, the application of a hemostatic tourniquet) as well as first aid for gastrointestinal bleeding. This article presents evidence that the role of the nurse in gastroenterology is very important. Since some diseases in gastroenterology require urgent surgical intervention, a nurse is responsible for conducting a high-quality nursing process in the preoperative period and postoperatively for proper and timely nutrition of patients, organizes feeding of patients on strict bed rest, monitors the storage of food in refrigerators and bedside bedside tables, check the content and quality of programs.
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Das, Kuroram, Arkaprovo Pal, Aparajita Dasgupta, Lina Bandyopadhyay, Bobby Paul, Shamita Mandal, Debayan Podder, and Moumita Mandal. "A study on the effectiveness of educational intervention regarding first aid management of selected medical emergencies among adolescents at a school in Kolkata." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195878.
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Background: Preventable medical emergencies and accidents accounts for a major share of mortality worldwide. First-aid is the provision of initial, on spot management for an illness or injury, meted out by a trained person, who is not an expert, till professional medical assistance is available. School children have often been projected as a potentially promising agent for radically revolutionizing the health scenario of our society, if properly mentored. The aim of study was to assess the changes in knowledge and attitude of adolescent school children towards first-aid management, after appropriate educational intervention.Methods: It was a school based quasi-experimental study conducted among 201 adolescent children. Baseline knowledge and attitude about first-aid management of selected medical emergencies were assessed using pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Then, educational intervention was administered in the form of lectures and demonstrations. Post-interventional evaluation was done using the same questionnaire, after two weeks of intervention. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16.0.Results: Health professionals (29.2%) and teachers (26.1%) were the primary source of knowledge. Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test was carried out to determine effect of intervention on knowledge and attitude scores of the students. There was a statistically significant increase in knowledge (Z=-10.982, p<0.001) with large effect size (r=0.54) and an increase in attitude, though not statistically significant (Z=-1.949, p=0.05) with small effect size (r=0.09).Conclusions: There is a need for a uniform, interactive module including hands on activities and periodic mock drills to be incorporated as a separate entity to encourage participation.
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Damir, Elena. "Pre-Hospital Intensive Therapy in Severe Trauma." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 2 (1985): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065407.
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The organization of medical facilities in the USSR is able to provide adequate and rapid care, including intensive therapy in prehospital conditions for the whole population of a very big country. The principles of organization are very simple: the country is divided into regions and these into districts. Each district has to have a fixed number of hospital beds, stations for first aid and urgent care, and a determined number of physicians, and medical assistants (feldshers, nurses and others). The only difference between the emergency care in Moscow and Northern Siberia or Pamir is the distance to be travelled and the means of transport, i.e., modern first-aid cars, helicopters, planes or boats; or reindeer or dog teams when the weather makes aviation impossible. As a rule, all medical teams working in emergency medicine include physicians and medical assistants. Only in places where the population is very sparse are some emergencies still managed by only medical assistants at the pre-hospital stage.In cases of severe trauma we prefer, when possible, to have teams especially trained in shock treatment. These are already available in the emergency ambulance systems of the bigger towns. These so-called “shock-teams” are experienced and well equipped for intensive therapy at the accident site and with problems occurring during transport. When necessary, we are now able to transport critically ill or traumatized patients not only inside the hospital, but also from one hospital to another, when better intensive therapy can be obtained.
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Anderson, Gregory S., Michael Gaetz, and Cara Statz. "CPR Skill Retention of First Aid Attendants within the Workplace." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 4 (August 2012): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1200088x.
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AbstractIntroductionImmediate resuscitation is necessary in order to achieve conscious survival for persons who have lost airways or pulses. However, current literature suggests that even in medically-trained personnel, CPR skills are forgotten shortly after certification.Hypothesis/ProblemThe purpose of this study was to determine the CPR skill and knowledge decay in those who are paid to respond to emergency situations within the workplace.MethodsUsing an unconscious victim scenario, the sequence and accuracy of CPR events were observed and recorded in 244 participants paid to act as first responders in large industrial or service industry settings.ResultsA significant negative correlation was observed between days since training and a pre-CPR safety check variable, periodic checks for breathing and positioning. Many of the knowledge-related assessment skills (e.g., scene safety, emergency medical system (EMS) activation) appeared to deteriorate with time, although they could be contaminated by the repetition of training in those who had recertified one or more times. Skill-based components such as landmarking for chest compressions and controlling the airway declined in a more predictable fashion.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that repetition may be more important than days since last trained for skill and knowledge retention, and methods of “refreshing” skills should be examined. While skills deteriorate rapidly, changing frequency of certification is not necessarily the best way to increase retention of skill and knowledge.Anderson GS, Gaetz M, Statz C. CPR skill retention of first aid attendants within the workplace. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-7.
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Kamcheva-Panova, Lidija, and Gordana Kamcheva Mihailova. "INJURES FOR WHICH FIRST AID IS NEEDED IN THE SCHOOL: CAN THE TEACHERS MAKE THE FIRST AID?" KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3002389k.
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First aid is the initial aid that is given to the sick and injured person at the site of the accident. It is a set of measures and procedures with which life is saved and prevents further deterioration of the health condition of the sick or injured person. Most often the first aid is given by persons who will found themselves at the place of the accident, and are not the healthcare workers. The timely given and proper first aid has a task: the life of the injured person to be preserved by removing the cause that can lead to death; to prevent possible complications; pain and fear to be reduced; to improve the general state of the injured; to transport the injured person to the adequate position with an appropriate motor vehicle to the first medical institutionThe school is a place where a lot of activities are performed, among which teaching, time for a break, games and socialization, becoming convenient place for accidents that happen. The injures at pre-school and school age are mostly due as a consequence of different falls during free games, excursions,outings, fights, physical and health education classes, when life threatening conditions appear,loss of consciousness,cessation of breathing and heartbeat, bleeding, shock, congestion, bone fractures, crushing, twisting, nagging, thermal injuries, injuries of parts of the body with a special treatment , different kinds of poisoning,bites by insects, appearance of allergies from various allergens e.t.c. Our goal was to determine the need for compulsory education of the teaching staff by organizing first aid courses. Methods and materials: the questionnaire survey was composed of questions in order to see which are the most common injuries, illnesses and acute conditions that teachers meet during classes, the pause for the big break , and especially the physical and health education classes .Also, through the questionnaire we wanted to get data how many teacher can give first aid and if they need additional classes and training. It was conducted to the heads of lower and upper classes in the school ,, Goce Delchev” in Shtip and the satellite school in Tri Cheshmi. Results and discussions: 21 teachers from the lower grade classes and17 teachers from the upper grade classeswere surveyed. According to the results that we obtained the teachers mostly encounter fractures of the limbs, nose bleed, head injury, stretched muscle injury (twisting) of the spinal wrist and palm fingers injury, as well as headache, epilepsy,diabetes. Of the total surveyed 38 head teachers of lower and upper classes, 27 said that they do not properly know to give first aid, and 11 said that they knew to give first aid. From all of them, 37 teachers said that they wanted to be trained for giving first aid, and only one didn’t want to be trained. Conclusion: The results of the questionnaire survey confirmed our thesis that there is a need of educating teachers for giving first aid.The constant focus of the teachers on the good health of their students is possible only if they are educated for recognizing the basic symptoms of certain diseases and giving first aid in various acute conditions and injuries.
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Abou Sherif, Sara, and Sachin Patel. "Evaluation of a mental health first aid workshop for healthcare professionals." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.67.
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AimsAnnually, 1 in 4 people in the UK will experience a mental health problem. Alongside the approach of increasing awareness of the issue amongst the general population, there is a drive to deliver training and education on the recognition and management of mental health crises. Limited resources exist to aid healthcare professionals in delivering mental health first aid (MHFA), with the vast majority focussing on lengthy training courses. Small group problem-based learning (PBL) is utilised widely in medical education and this modality offers advantages in deliverability, audience participation and experiential learning. Our aim was to deliver and explore the effectiveness of a PBL MHFA workshop to various healthcare professionals.MethodAs part of an Emergency Medicine Mental Health Education day, we delivered four 30-minute PBL MHFA workshops. These involved an introduction to MHFA, followed by an interactive discussion of 4 mental health simulated cases, whereby participants anonymously answered a range of questions using the web-based platform Mentimeter. We devised a simple MHFA A,B,C,D,E acronym to bring structure to problem solving. Pre- and post-workshop questionnaires were used to assess outcomes using Likert scales to measure various aspects of MHFA (1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree). Statistical significance was calculated using T-Test with P < 0.05 defining statistical significance.ResultA total of 28 professionals attended the workshops, 20 (72%) completed both the pre and post workshop questionnaire. 19 (76%) were nurses (5 Registered Mental Health Nurses and 14 Registered General Nurses), 3 (12%) were doctors, 2 (8%) were HCA's and 1 was a policeman. 15 (75%) of the participants reported historically having had the need to deliver MHFA but only 3 (15%) had previously received training. After the workshop, participants reported significantly increased understanding [3.0 to 4.3 (p < 0.05)] and confidence in delivering MHFA [3.05 to 4.30 (p < 0.05)]. There was significantly improved confidence in assessing risk [3.03 to 4.05], calling for appropriate help [3.45 to 4.35] and de-escalation techniques [3.05 to 4.15].ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first mini PBL-based MHFA workshop. We have demonstrated that the PBL workshop setup is an effective means to deliver training on MHFA. We recognise the importance of MHFA training reaching a larger audience and its potential value if incorporated into national healthcare training programmes and made available to the general public.
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Volianskyi, P., M. Dolhyi, N. Drozdenko, V. Kushnir, A. Makarenko, and M. Striuk. "PRE HOSPITAL AID TRAINING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY." Collected Scientific Papers of the Institute of Public Administration in the Sphere of Civil Protection 7 (December 22, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35577/iducz.2019.07.03.
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When providing the prehospital aid the most important factor is time. The more time expires from the moment of receiving injury until delivery to a hospital, the worse forecast becomes for a victim. Mortality grows geometrically. So, for example, in cases of transport injuries if medical care was provided within 30 minutes – 1 hour, then mortality among injured did not exceed 30%. If this time increases, then the mortality reaches 60-80%, and growth in a geometrical progression takes place. In general, it becomes clear that even two injured from three ones who died in city streets, could be saved if they received the help in due time [2].
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine the project of the Law of Ukraine about full general secondary education dated April 5, 2019 № 10204.
This project of the Law provides that all teachers will take courses on the prehospital help. It has to reduce the quantity of death of children during lessons.
Protection of children’s health is one of the mandatory functions of the educational organization. If it is necessary, the first aid at school is to be given to the child both professionally and in time.
Teachers, studying a profession in higher education institution, have to be trained on providing the prehospital help. There is nothing more important, than rendering the prehospital help to the child during the first minutes after a trauma or in the event of a symptom hazardous to health, for example, epilepsy [3].
The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of teaching teachers and students the skills of rendering the prehospital help.
According to the Law of Ukraine “About the Emergency Medical Care”, persons who have no medical education, but according to their the official duties they have to provide the first aid and to manage main practical skills on rescue and preservation a human life for those who require that, have to be the first who study the prehospital help [4].
And based on the project of the Law of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine mentioned above teachers can also be referred to the category of persons who have no medical education and are obliged to provide the prehospital help though it is not included into their official duties.
Except the planned training of the teachers of the prehospital help, to our opinion, there should be also started a training of pupils on the program of the first level [5] which first of all provides obtaining practical skills of rendering the prehospital help to the injured at cardiac arrest and breath before arrival of the emergency medical care.
The training program “Protection of the Fatherland” for pupils of 10-11 classes is introducted for gradual increasing of the number of the citizens in the system of secondary education, who manage the skills of the prehospital help [7]. Such a program, in the question of pre-hospital help, combines teaching theoretical knowledge with a practical training with use of dummies and other other visual materials.
Every year All-Ukrainian gathering and competition of young rescuers “School of Safety” is also provided where the pupils, who are 12 years old and older show their abilities on providing the pre-hospital help to the injured.
The last two years we had an opportunity to compare theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the prehospital help of pupils who finished the 11th class and studied according to the program “Protection of the Fatherland” and pupils of the 8-9 classes who were trained by the “School of Safety”.
It turned out to be that the pupils of 8-9 classes, in the majority, prevail on the level of knowledge of the prehospital help the graduates of high school.
In our opinion, it is expedient to develop and implement at secondary school the program of training of rendering help to injured who are in emergency, for pupils, starting from the fifth class.
Anybody, irrespective of a profession, is able to be trained and to manage the skills of the prehospital aid. The trauma or accident can happen at any time. Not only success of further treatment, but sometimes human life depends on prehospital help provided timely and correctly. In certain cases the victim has to render prehospital help to himself - to stop bleeding, to put the bandage etc.
That all is not difficult, but it is necessary to take the corresponding training for mastering skills of rendering the prehospital help.
In our opinion, in modern conditions it is compulsory to:
introduce the permanent prehospital help training for tutors and nurses of preschool institutions;
introduce the permanent prehospital help training in schools for children, starting from the age 12 years old and older.
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Wulandari, Ning Arti, Zaenal Fanani, and Bisepta Prayogi. "Improving The Services Early Childhood Education Teachers Through First Aid Training At Babies And Sick Children To Early Childhood Education Teachers In Blitar Area." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v2i3.art.p263-269.
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first aid treatment is given to the person who got the accident or sudden pain that comesbefore getting help from medical personnel (Haryanto, 2013). The culture of women working in thepublic sphere encourages moms to find a replacement for his role in a while to nurture and educate herchild for Working Moms (Ariani, 2013). Infant and preschool child had an accident prone (Short andGray, 2009). Some of the things that encourages authors to perform community services through first aidtraining in infants and the sick children to early childhood education Teachers. The partners in thisactivity was PGTK Yaa Bunayya Kalipang Lodoyo;10 people and all of the early childhood educationteacher ABA 2 add up to 17 people. The method of this activity was to do a pre test, applications trainingthrough lectures and demonstrations continued with the post test and evaluation skills. After it wasdone an evaluation of the satisfaction of caregivers against first aid on sick children conducted by theteacher. The results were of 80 71% caregivers said satisfied with the first aid on babies and sickchildren, 71% of teachers have a good skill in providing first aid on babies and sick children. Based onstatistical tests with Wilcoxone signed rank test p = 0.000 showed any change of teacher knowledgeabout first aid on babies and sick children. Therefore, health and education should be create a newprogram in providing health services especially in early childhood education level.
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Pascarelli, Emil, and Anthony Ciorciari. "Pre-Hospital Care Quality Program." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043752.
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Paramedic units have awakened a new concept in prehospital care in the USA. New emergency medical services (EMS) administrations, better educated personnel, and mass public awareness through media events have all contributed to the change.Operational changes designed to tighten control of the emergency medical technician (EMT) and paramedic came about through deployment of ambulances and categorization and designation of emergency hospitals. Clinical changes have given the EMS responder, particularly the paramedic, a great deal of freedom in the care given to patients. The paramedic, who uses subjective criteria, can administer care ranging from Standard First Aid to advanced cardiology. Subjective control should be rigid for the EMT or paramedic, when cognitive abilities include only knowledge, comprehension and application, but not for those who have had a chance to exercise analytic and synthetic skills in pre-hospital training programs.
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Taklual, Wubet, Maru Mekie, and Chalachew Yenew. "Determinants of First Aid Knowledge and Basic Practice Among Elementary School Teachers in Debre Tabor Town, Northcentral Ethiopia." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010380.
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Background: Pre-hospital school-based Emergency Medical Service (EMS) at school by school personnel is mandatory for saving the pupils from disability and death attributed to injury-related problems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinant factors of first aid knowledge and basic practice among elementary school teachers in Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was employed in Debre Tabor among 216 elementary school teachers. A simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation was applied for the selection of the study participants. Data entry was done by Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive statistics was performed by using frequency, percentage, and table. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the significance and strength of association at a 95% confidence interval. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results and Discussion: Our study revealed that 45.8% of study subjects were knowledgeable on first aid. More than 75% of study participants reported that they have encountered a child who needs first aid. Among these, 64% of them provide first aid. The multivariable analysis revealed that service year (AOR=3.51, 95%CI: (1.06, 11.59)), educational status (AOR=12.15, 95%CI: (3.17, 46.67)), previous first aid training (AOR=0.43, 95%CI: (0.21, 0.87)) and information about first aid (AOR=0.12, 95%CI ;(0.03, 0.48)) were found to be significantly associated with having knowledge on first aid. Conclusion: School teachers have low knowledge of first aid. Educational status, service year, previous first aid training and information on first aid were the predictors of first aid knowledge. Introducing essential first aid training in the curriculum during teachers’ training shall be considered.
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Melnikova, I. S., and E. V. Shkatova. "The level of readiness of the EMERCOM of Russia employees to provide first aid in road and transportation accidents." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-4-42-47.
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Relevance. Timely competent provision of first aid by fire-fighters and rescuers can minimize the complications of injuries related to road traffic accidents, thereby supporting the lives of victims until the arrival of an ambulance team. Effective first aid training of the Emercom employees is a prerequisite for reducing mortality from road accidents at the pre-hospital stage.Intention. To analyze preparedness for first aid provision in the Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk city) among the EMERCOM of Russia employees directly involved in the elimination of the consequences of road accidents.Methodology. 199 employees of the Emercom of Russia were surveyed in the Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk) to assess their preparedness for the first aid provision based on a specially developed questionnaire.Results and Discussion. When processing the questionnaire data, it was found that 46.7 % of the respondents consider their knowledge and skills to be sufficient for providing first aid to victims of road accidents, 53.3 % are not satisfied with their practical skills. Before the arrival of medical workers, first aid was always provided to the injured by 10.5 %, sometimes by 31.2 % of the respondents. When tested on first aid issues, on average, each employee gave (73.1 ± 1.1) % correct answers. Periodically, 45.2 % of the EMERCOM of Russia employees practiced their skills in first aid on dummies.Conclusion. The results of the study showed the need to improve the regular training on the first aid among EMERCOM of Russia employees: to use dummies and simulators more widely. The data obtained can be used in planning the interagency interaction of services involved in the elimination of the consequences of road accidents, developing a work program for extended first aid for EMERCOM of Russia employees.
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Gore, R., C. Bloem, K. Elbashir, P. Roblin, G. Ostrovskiy, J. Daphnis, and B. Arquilla. "(P2-29) Educational Model for Pre-Hospital Disaster Management in Haiti and Beyond." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004730.
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IntroductionThere has been increased international awareness and a need to provide accessible and essential emergency preparedness training in developing countries that has resulted in the recognition of new teaching needs and number of new initiatives to meet these needs.MethodsThese teaching methods have been applied in Haiti before and after the 2010 earthquake. They include: - Established a “Train the trainer” model - Established civilian first responder training - Basic Life Support (BLS) and First Aid - Implemented medical training using the Meti Simulator models - Conducted post-training Disaster drill - Conduction of post training assessment - Succession model of training.ResultsA total of 54 people completed a BLS course and 67 completed a First Aid course. 12 participants completed the First Aid and BLS Instructors course. 95 program participants completed an end of course survey. 41 participants had no prior BLS/First Aid training or exposure. The course participants included 2 physicians, 22 students, 8 nursing students, 7 nurses, 20 teachers, 12 health workers, 5 drivers, and 14 laborers. 92 of those surveyed stated they would recommend this course to a friend. 88 participants stated that hands on learning helped them better learn the course material.ConclusionThis training model has been well received in rural Haiti and can be applied in other developing countries. We would like to standardize training protocols that will serve as a foundation for self-sustaining higher-level emergency, pre-hospital, disaster training and management. This will improve the general quality of health care delivery. Our next pilot of this program will be in other parts of Haiti and in Khartoum, Sudan.
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McMenamin, D., J. Baker, and M. Middleton. "The Medical Reception Station: a new primary care capability for 3 Commando Brigade." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 102, no. 1 (June 2016): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-102-4.
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Abstract3 Commando Brigade’s delivery of pre-hospital (Role 1) care has until now largely been based around junior doctors delivering trauma-based resuscitation and limited primary care from small self-contained Regimental Aid Posts (RAPs). With the drawdown of large scale operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the diversity of potential future military operations, the deficiency of General Practitioner(GP)-led care in the deployed setting has become more evident, and this has driven the requirement for a deployable primary care facility in the form of a Medical Reception Station (MRS). This paper describes the evolution of this project, the realities of deploying a new medical capability for the first time, some of the issues faced, and the potential utility of such a medical facility in future.
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Han, Bing, Mingxing Hu, and Jialing Wang. "Site Selection for Pre-Hospital Emergency Stations Based on the Actual Spatiotemporal Demand: A Case Study of Nanjing City, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100559.
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Rapid economic and social development has been accompanied by the occurrence of many major issues throughout the world. Specifically, there is an ever-increasing demand for emergent medical services among the public. In order to ensure timely responses to emergency demands, it is critical to reasonably configure the emergency stations. In general, emergency stations are mostly distributed according to the distribution of emergency demands and response time, which, however, fails to consider the negative impacts of randomly occurring emergency demands and traffic delays. In this study, first aid demands are combined with traffic states based on the spatiotemporal big data set covering model, which alleviates the negative impacts of randomly occurring first aid demands and traffic delay time on the planning of pre-hospital first aid stations. Moreover, the accuracy of the site selection model is improved, which meets the requirements that all randomly occurring simulated first aid demands can be approached within the target time under planning conditions and actual traffic constraints. Taking Nanjing City as an example, this study obtains multi-source big data, such as ambulance-carried GPS data from June 2018 to June 2019, Gaode Map-recorded traffic congestion data, and survey data of emergency rescue facilities. Basing on the processing and analysis of these data, it shows that first aid demands in Nanjing City are highly region-specific with high time delay. Various required factors are determined based on modeling and analysis, and the target time is agreed to be 8 min. The average vehicle speed on each road is calculated, accompanied by the establishment of an actual road network model. In this context, the transit time from the randomly distributed first aid stations to the hospital can be calculated, which are set to satisfy the model conditions so as to obtain the solution. Finally, such a solution is adjusted and verified according to the land-use situation. The results of this study, based on spatiotemporal big data, are expected to provide insights into improving the site selection model and enhancing efficiency while providing new technical methods.
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Lee, Si Jin, Kap Su Han, Eui Jung Lee, Sung Woo Lee, Myung Ki, Hyeong Sik Ahn, and Su Jin Kim. "Impact of insurance type on outcomes in cardiac arrest patients from 2004 to 2015: A nation-wide population-based study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): e0254622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254622.
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Objectives There do not appear to be many studies which have examined the socio-economic burden and medical factors influencing the mortality and hospital costs incurred by patients with cardiac arrest in South Korea. We analyzed the differences in characteristics, medical factors, mortality, and costs between patients with national health insurance and those on a medical aid program. Methods We selected patients (≥20 years old) who experienced their first episode of cardiac arrest from 2004 to 2015 using data from the National Health Insurance Service database. We analyzed demographic characteristics, insurance type, urbanization of residential area, comorbidities, treatments, hospital costs, and mortality within 30 days and one year for each group. A multiple regression analysis was used to identify an association between insurance type and outcomes. Results Among the 487,442 patients with cardiac arrest, the medical aid group (13.3% of the total) had a higher proportion of females, rural residents, and patients treated in low-level hospitals. The patients in the medical aid group also reported a higher rate of non-shockable conditions; a high Charlson Comorbidity Index; and pre-existing comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal failure with a lower rate of providing a coronary angiography. The national health insurance group reported a lower one-year mortality rate (91.2%), compared to the medical aid group (94%), and a negative association with one-year mortality (Adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71–0.76). While there was no significant difference in short-term costs between the two groups, the medical aid group reported lower long-term costs, despite a higher rate of readmission. Conclusions Medical aid coverage was an associated factor for one-year mortality, and may be the result of an insufficient delivery of long-term services as reflected by the lower long-term costs and higher readmission rates. There were differences of characteristics, comorbidities, medical and hospital factors and treatments in two groups. These differences in medical and hospital factors may display discrepancies by type of insurance in the delivery of services, especially in chronic healthcare services.
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Leszkowicz, Julia, Agata Pieńkowska, Wojciech Nazar, Eliza Bogdan, Natalia Kwaka, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, and Katarzyna Plata-Nazar. "Does Informal Education Training Increase Awareness of Anaphylaxis among Students of Medicine? Before-After Survey Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (August 1, 2021): 8150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158150.
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Allergies are among the most common chronic diseases in Europe. The most serious complication is anaphylactic shock. Most cases occur outside the hospital; thus, knowledge of symptoms and first aid is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of anaphylaxis and the ability to use adrenaline auto-injectors among medical students, and to determine an improvement after training based on non-formal education. The research was conducted among 364 medicine students (years 1–5) from the Medical University of Gdańsk, with year-specific curriculum-based general medical knowledge. Training consisted of pre-test, practical training and post-test. Descriptive statistics were used to reveal the characteristics of students from different grades. A Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. The tested students did not have sufficient knowledge to provide first aid in cases of anaphylaxis before training. There was an increase in knowledge (on average, 28.6%, p = 0.005) after training. Almost all (99.4%) of the respondents believed that they would be able to use an adrenaline auto-injector in case of emergency after the training. The training based on non-formal education was effective. The use of the subject-performed task method helped students to remember the stages of action in stressful situations.
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Tsyryapkina, Yu N. "ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIAN SURGEONS IN THE COURSE OF ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL AID IN THE TASHKENT DISTRICT OF TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2017-1-69-73.
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The paper characterizes the process of creation of medical infrastructure and first aid system to immigrant and indigenous people in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century by the imperial authorities. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the medical condition in the second half of the XIX – early the XX century in Turkistan, types and amount of medical care, which was provided to the indigenous population of the region, by studying biographical and source materials. The paper draws attention to the fact that initial medical assistance to the immigrant population and then the indigenous dwellers of the region were provided by surgeons who settled mainly in Tashkent and the major cities of Turkestan. I. P. Sheverdin was one of the first surgeons who founded the rural hospital in remote place of Tashkent district – village Tillyau in 1899 – 1903, whose asceticism and dedication the inhabitants of this village still remember. It is shown that medical services in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the pre-revolutionary period developed slowly, which corresponds to the first stage of initiation of the indigenous population of the region to the modern achievements of medicine.
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Gorbachev, V. I., A. M. Anuryev, I. L. Petrovа, I. A. Karetnikov, S. M. Gorbachevа, N. T. Kovalevа, and P. G. Shnyakin. "EFFICIENCY OF PRE-HOSPITAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE STROKE." EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE 20, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/2072-6716-2019-20-4-19-24.
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Purpose of the study. To assess the quality of diagnosis cerebrovascular accident (CA) at the pre-hospital stage in patients brought to the regional vascular center. Material and methods. 2708 case histories of the emergency department and accompanying sheets of first aid in patients with a guiding diagnosis of CA and 973 medical records of impatient in the regional vascular center were analyzed. Results and conclusion. Of the 2708 patients admitted with a diagnosis of CA, 973 people were hospitalized. Among hospitalized patients, the diagnosis of stroke was confirmed in 96.5% of cases. The most frequent diseases that were mistakenly diagnosed as a stroke turned out to be: diabetes, traumatic brain injury and brain neoplasms, etc. Confirmation of the guiding diagnosis during self-circulation was 36.6%, when delivered by ambulance crews — 39.8%, air ambulance — 86.7% and by sanitary transport — 16.5% of cases.
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Mohtar, M. Sobirin, and Mahmuddin Rahma. "EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF THE PRE-HOSPITAL PHASE IN COVID 19 PATIENT: LITERATURE REVIEW." Jurnal Riset Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v10i1.6528.
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The addition of Covid-19 cases took place quite quickly and has spread between countries. The high incidence is important to improve health services, especially the pre-hospital phase services. In this phase, good emergency management will reduce the number of disability to death by up to 50% by starting from activating calls prior to the incident location, health workers who understand first aid and transportation using an ambulance and being observed until they arrive at the hospital. Knowing the Pre-Hospital Phase Emergency Management in Covid-19 Patient: Literature Review. The research method used is a literature review. In this method, online searches for articles, journals and books are carried out using accessible databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Biomed Central. It is known from 10 Literature Articles, journals and books in the emergency management of Covid-19 in the Pre-Hospital phase must be done as much as possible to minimize the number of deaths and transmission that occurs. Handling of emergency Covid-19 in the Pre-Hospital phase includes: Basic and Advanced Life Support (BLS), Oxygen Therapy, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and Patient Transport. It is important for medical personnel to pay attention to many things in providing emergency nursing care to Covid-19 patient. Pre-Hospital emergency measures for patient with Covid-19 can be carried out in various ways to improve the patient condition while at the Pre-Hospital, besides that, it can also prevent transmission to medical personnel and people around Covid-19 patient.
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Landoni, G., T. Scquizzato, A. G. Yavorovskiy, A. Zangrillo, and S. Silvetti. "Elderly and Children Are Not The Only Victims of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in Italy (A National Media-Based Survey)." General Reanimatology 17, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2021-1-4-15.
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Choking is a relevant public health problem. Data in medical literature are scarce and fatal events are dramatically under-reported.The aim of this manuscript is to give a real estimation of this problem and to raise awareness about this topic.Materials and methods. All deaths caused by choking reported by Italian Mass Media over a two years period were collected. Suspected sudden infant death syndrome was an exclusion criteria.Results. 76 deaths due to foreign body airway obstruction were identified, 51% during 2018 and 49% in 2019, without identifiable time clusters. Choking affected every age, including pre-scholar children (25%), children 6 to 18 years old (3%), adults (38%), and elderly patients (34%). Witnessed cases were 61 (80%) but in almost half 26 cases (42%) the fatal event occurred before or without first aid maneuvers being performed.Conclusion. On the Italian territory, during a 2 years period, three cases per month of fatal choking due to foreign-body airway obstruction occurred, many of them in adult patients (38%). Italian people seem not to be educated to provide first aid in these settings.
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Rogers, H. Lynn, and Sandra M. Reilly. "A Survey of the Health Experiences of International Business Travelers." AAOHN Journal 50, no. 10 (October 2002): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990205001006.
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Occupational health professionals need to know more about the health, worklife, and family life of international business travelers (IBTs). This descriptive correlational study, in two parts, examines the physiological and psychosocial experiences associated with business travel for a sample of 140 employees from western Canada's oil and gas industry. Results for Part One show that 76% of IBTs report travel related health problems, 74% have jet lag, 45% have travelers' diarrhea and gastrointestinal complaints, 12% to 16% have climate adaptation problems, and 2% report accidents and minor injuries. High risk behaviors include not carrying a first aid travel kit (54%); drinking more alcohol than ordinarily (21%); and neglecting food, water, and antimalarial precautions (6% to 14%). Other risk factors include age, length of stay, destination, pre-travel medical examinations, pre-travel advice, and eating and accommodation facilities. Findings show that IBTs are at risk for travel related physiological health problems. Implications for practitioners call for increased occupational health expertise in pre-travel preparation, follow up post-travel and regular health surveillance for employees who travel on international business.
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Okumu, Mitchel Otieno, Minal Naran Patel, Foram Rajnkant Bhogayata, Francis Okumu Ochola, Irene Awuor Olweny, Joshua Orungo Onono, and Joseph Kangangi Gikunju. "Management and cost of snakebite injuries at a teaching and referral hospital in Western Kenya." F1000Research 8 (September 4, 2019): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20268.1.
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Background: Data on the cost of snakebite injuries may inform key pillars of universal health coverage including proper planning, allocation, and utility of resources. This study evaluated the injuries, management, and costs resulting from snakebites at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) in Kenya. Methods: In total, medical records of 127 snakebite victims attending JOOTRH between January 2011 and December 2016 were purposely selected and data on the age, gender, type of residence (urban or rural), part of the body bitten, time of bite, injuries, pre-hospital first aid, time to hospital, length of stay, treatment, and costs were collected. Regression analysis was used to predict the total indirect cost of snakebite injuries and p≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Mortality and loss of income of hospitalized victims were considered as direct costs. Results: It was found that 43 victims were 13-24 years of age, 64 were female, 94 were from rural areas, 92 were bitten on the lower limbs, 49 were bitten between 6.00 pm and midnight, 43 attempted pre-hospital first aid, and the median time to hospital was 4.5 hours. Antivenom, supportive therapy, antibiotics, antihistamines, corticosteroids, analgesics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used. Cellulitis, compartment syndrome, gangrenous foot, psychiatric disorder, and death were the main complications. Most victims spent 1-5 days in hospital and the median cost of treating a snakebite was 2652 KES (~$26). Drugs, ward charges, and nursing procedures were the highest contributors to the total indirect cost. Victims hospitalized for 6-10 days and >10 days incurred 32% and 62% more costs, respectively, compared to those hospitalized for 1-5 days. Conclusions: The longer snakebite victims are hospitalized, the higher the cost incurred. Continuous medical education on the correct management of snakebites should be encouraged to minimize complications that may increase hospital stays and costs incurred.
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Sullivan, Francis M., Gary Kleinman, Selim Suner, and Jack St.Jean. "Development of an Equipment and Supply List for Emergency Medical Services Delivery at an Annual Air Show." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 2 (June 1999): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027369.
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AbstractIntroduction:Reports of medical care at mass gatherings reflect variability in mission and delivery models. Equipment recommendations are similarly varied. Thoughtful pre-planning and experience-based analysis are the best mechanisms for defining general and specific equipment recommendations.Objective:This report presents a suggested supply and equipment list developed over a six-year period of medical coverage at an air show, with an emphasis on the usage and cost of expendable supplies.Methods:The authors were involved in the planning for and execution of emergency medical care for a large, local, military air show on an annual basis, including provision of expendable medical supplies. A list of such supplies was developed over the initial two to three years, formalized and refined over the subsequent two years, and analyzed in the final, highest patient volume year of coverage. Detailed usage and cost was tracked over the final year for expendable supplies.Results:The results of this analysis indicate that comprehensive emergency medical care from first aid to mass casualty care can be offered at reasonable equipment and supply costs, if existing equipment resources can be supplemented by expendable supplies from a pre-determined list. Given the need for large quantities of supplies for a mass casualty contingency and the low likelihood of occurrence, a loan arrangement with a supplier, with return of unused supplies, is particularly convenient and economical. The approach used in this study should be appreciable in other similar settings. In concurrent scheduled events, the iterative process described can lead to greater specificity of needs for expendable supplies.
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Valeev, Z. G., V. G. Belyakov, and L. Y. Salyahova. "Analysis of in-hospital stage of emergency medical care and 24-hour mortality in emergency patients." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 1 (February 15, 2013): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1782.
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Aim. To reveal the management defects of timely and sufficient emergency care provision at emergency patient admission. Methods. The mortality among the adult Kazan city inhabitants who were urgently admitted to Municipal Emergency Hospital was examined in a retrospective cohort study. The retrospective analysis of in-patients medical charts, ambulance accompanying talons and autopsy protocols of 543 patients who has succumbed during the first 24 hours after being admitted to Municipal Emergency Hospital №1 Kazan, Russia since January 1st, 2009 to December 31, 2011, was performed, emergency medical care on the pre-hospital stage was analysed. Results. The number of patients who got the out-patient care in the admission department of the emergency hospital has increased during the last several years, distracting admission department staff form their primary job and causing errors in medical care. The number of errors due to the medical care mismanagement can be estimated as 23.3%. Low staff qualification, lack of subspecialty consultations or councils and lack of case monitoring are among the reasons. Conclusion. Providing high quality medical aid in out-patients clinics would allow Emergency hospitals to focus on admitting and treating patients with life-threatening emergencies.
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Shanmugakrishnan, R. Raja, V. Narayanan, and P. Thirumalaikolundusubramanian. "Epidemiology of burns in a teaching hospital in south India." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 41, no. 01 (January 2008): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699224.
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ABSTRACTdespite many medical advances, burns continue to remain a challenging problem due to the lack of infrastructure and trained professionals as well as the increased cost of treatment, all of which have an impact on the outcome. there is very little information on the pattern of outcomes among burn patients in relation to clinical aspects in india.hence, the present study was undertaken in a burns unit to determine selected epidemiological variables, assess the clinical aspects (etiology, extent and anatomical location) and first aid measures adopted and finally to analyse the outcomes in cases of burn injuries. in addition, we have sought to suggest measures to remove myths about pre-hospital burn treatment and provide recommendations to healthcare professionals.
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Wang, Yu, Hui-Xin Liu, Yan-Hua Wang, Ya-Jun Zhang, Jin-Jun Zhang, Wei Huang, Bao-Guo Jiang, and Tian-Bing Wang. "Establishment of trauma treatment teams within a regional severe trauma treatment system in China: study protocol for a national cluster-randomised trial." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e023347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023347.
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IntroductionThe implementation of first aid processes for patients with trauma in China faces significant challenges. These challenges include long response times of prehospital first aid services, lack of information exchange between prehospital first aid services and in-hospital emergency services, lack of a professional rescue team in the majority of hospitals, and lack of standardised training for prehospital and in-hospital emergency personnel. The purpose of the trial is to guide the establishment of an urban trauma treatment system in China, highlight the construction of a trauma treatment system tailored to the Chinese context and improve levels of medical treatment by selecting approximately 100 counties across China as pilots to establish a regional trauma treatment system.Methods and analysisA cluster-randomised controlled trial will be performed in 98 county-level research institutes. Included research institutes will be randomised into an experimental group and a control group. Patients in both experimental and control groups will receive basic treatments. A trauma treatment team will be established in the experimental group. The primary outcome measure is in-hospital mortality rate of patients. The secondary outcome measures include mortality rate of patients within 30 days after trauma attack and within 30 days after discharge, the time between arrival in the institution and receiving consultation, and the time from admission to the start of surgery. The effects of establishment of trauma treatment teams on the treatment of severe trauma will be evaluated in all counties.Ethics and disseminationThe procedures have been approved by The Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital (No.2017PHB098-01) and conform to the Declaration of Helsinki. Data will be collected and analysed in accordance with participant privacy laws and regulations. Results will be disseminated through policy briefs, workshops, peer-reviewed publications and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03363880; Pre-results.
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Guthi, Visweswara Rao, Sreedevi Arepalli, Sivakala Toka, Lohitha Bala Kakamanu, and Lakshmi Sindhura Kakamanu. "Study on awareness regarding snake bite hazards among people working in agriculture sector and health education about preventive and first aid measures." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192333.
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Background: Snake bite is a common medical emergency and an occupational hazard, more so in tropical India, where farming is a major source of employment. In India alone, it has been estimated that as many as 2.8 million people are bitten by snakes, and 46 900 people die from snakebite every year. The objective of the present study is to study the awareness about hazards of snake bite and to educate about preventive and first aid measures for snake bite.Methods: This study was a community based longitudinal study conducted in 7 villages near Kurnool town. The sample size was 230. From each agriculture workers after obtaining consent pre-test was done to know their awareness regarding hazards of snake bites in agriculture fields and preventive and first aid measures in each village followed by post-test after health education.Results: In this study 230 agriculture workers were participated. Among them 108 (46.95%) were males and 122 (53.1%) were females. Most of the study population were in the age group of 31-40 years (36.9%). Using torch during nights was 68.7% it was increased significantly to 83% after health education, using foot wear was only in 30.4% and increased significantly to 100%, using stick was in 76% and increased to 100% significantly.Conclusions: The practice of using torch, wearing footwear, using stick while on field, avoid sleeping on ground in the field were significantly improved after health education. The first aid measure measures after snake bite like immobilization of bitten limb, reassure the person bitten by snake, avoid suctioning, avoiding tourniquet were also improved significantly after health education.
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Ciscare, Grace, Erika Mantello, Carla Fortunato-Queiroz, Miguel Hyppolito, and Ana Reis. "Auditory Speech Perception Development in Relation to Patient's Age with Cochlear Implant." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 21, no. 03 (July 20, 2016): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584296.
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Introduction A cochlear implant in adolescent patients with pre-lingual deafness is still a debatable issue. Objective The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the development of auditory speech perception in children with pre-lingual auditory impairment submitted to cochlear implant, in different age groups in the first year after implantation. Method This is a retrospective study, documentary research, in which we analyzed 78 reports of children with severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral cochlear implant users of both sexes. They were divided into three groups: G1, 22 infants aged less than 42 months; G2, 28 infants aged between 43 to 83 months; and G3, 28 older than 84 months. We collected medical record data to characterize the patients, auditory thresholds with cochlear implants, assessment of speech perception, and auditory skills. Results There was no statistical difference in the association of the results among groups G1, G2, and G3 with sex, caregiver education level, city of residence, and speech perception level. There was a moderate correlation between age and hearing aid use time, age and cochlear implants use time. There was a strong correlation between age and the age cochlear implants was performed, hearing aid use time and age CI was performed. Conclusion There was no statistical difference in the speech perception in relation to the patient's age when cochlear implant was performed. There were statistically significant differences for the variables of auditory deprivation time between G3 - G1 and G2 - G1 and hearing aid use time between G3 - G2 and G3 - G1.
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McCabe, O. Lee, Charlene Perry, Melissa Azur, Henry G. Taylor, Mark Bailey, and Jonathan M. Links. "Psychological First-Aid Training for Paraprofessionals: A Systems-Based Model for Enhancing Capacity of Rural Emergency Responses." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, no. 4 (August 2011): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11006297.
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AbstractIntroduction: Ensuring the capacity of the public health, emergency preparedness system to respond to disaster-related need for mental health services is a challenge, particularly in rural areas in which the supply of responders with relevant expertise rarely matches the surge of demand for services.Problem: This investigation established and evaluated a systems-based partnership model for recruiting, training, and promoting official recognition of community residents as paraprofessional members of the Maryland Medical Professional Volunteer Corps. The partners were leaders of local health departments (LHDs), faith-based organizations (FBOs), and an academic health center (AHC).Methods: A one-group, quasi-experimental research design, using both post-test only and pre-/post-test assessments, was used to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and impact of the overall program and of a one-day workshop in Psychological First Aid (PFA) for Paraprofessionals. The training was applied to and evaluated for 178 citizens drawn from 120 Christian parishes in four local health jurisdictions in rural Maryland.Results: Feasibility—The model was demonstrated to be practicable, as measured by specific criteria to quantify partner readiness, willingness, and ability to collaborate and accomplish project aims. Effectiveness—The majority (93–99%) of individual participants “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that, as a result of the intervention, they understood the conceptual content of PFA and were confident about (“perceived self-efficacy”) using PFA techniques with prospective disaster survivors. Impact—Following PFA training, 56 of the 178 (31.5%) participants submitted same-day applications to be paraprofessional responders in the Volunteer Corps. The formal acceptance of citizens who typically do not possess licensure in a health profession reflects a project-engendered policy change by the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the conclusion that it is feasible to consider LHDs, FBOs, and AHCs as partners to work effectively within the span of a six-month period to design, promote, conduct, and evaluate a model of capacity/capability building for public mental health emergency response based on a professional “extender” rationale. Moreover, consistently high levels of perceived self-efficacy as PFA responders can be achieved with lay members of the community who receive a specially-designed, one-day training program in crisis intervention and referral strategies for disaster survivors.
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Lund, Adam, Matthew Brendan Munn, Jamie Ranse, and Sheila Turris. "Core Curriculum for Event Medical Leaders." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s112—s113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002383.
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Introduction:The literature on mass gatherings has expanded over the last decade. However, no readily accessible curriculum exists to prepare and support event medical leaders. Such a curriculum has the potential to align event medical professionals on improving event safety, standardizing emergency response, and reducing community impacts.Methods:We organized collaborative expert focus groups on the proposed “core curriculum” and “electives.”Results:Key features of a mass gathering medical curriculum include operations-focused, evidence-informed, best-known practices offered via low barrier, modular, flexible formats with interactive options, and a multi-national focus.Core content proposed: Background (Definitions, Context, Risk, Legalities)Event Medical Planning - “The Seven Steps” - (1.) Assessment and Environmental Scan - Event Emergency Action Plan, (2.) Human Resources, (3.) Equipment/Supplies, (4.) Infrastructure/Logistics, (5.) Transportation (To, On, From), (6.)Communication (Pre, During, Post), and (7.) Administration/Medical DirectionEvent After-Action ReportingCase-based ActivitiesElectives mirror Core outline and serve as expanded case-studies of specific event categories. Initially proposed electives include: Concerts/Music FestivalsRunning EventsCycling EventsMulti-Sport EventsObstacle Adventure CoursesStaged Wilderness CoursesAmateur GamesPolitical Gatherings & OrationsReligious Gatherings & PilgrimagesCommunity Gatherings (e.g., Parades, Fireworks, etc.)Discussion:Complex team learning to standardize real-world approaches has been accomplished in other medical domains (e.g., ACLS, AHLS, ATLS, PALS, etc.). A course for event medicine should not re-teach medical content (i.e. first aid, paramedicine, nursing, medicine); it should make available a commonly understood, systematic approach to planning, execution, and post-event evaluation vis a vis health services at events. A ‘train the trainer’ model will be required, with business operations support for sustainable course delivery. The author team seeks community feedback at WCDEM 2019 in creating ‘the ACLS’ of Event Medicine.
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Hiltunen, Tuomas, Markku Kuisma, Teuvo Määttä, Arto Tennilä, Tuomo Hari, Riitta Bäckman, and Taneli Väyrynen. "Prehospital Emergency Care and Medical Preparedness for the 2005 World Championship Games in Athletics in Helsinki." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 4 (August 2007): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000491x.
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AbstractIntroduction:International mass gatherings can cause great challenges to local healthcare system and emergency medical services (EMS). Traditionally, planning has been based on retrospective reports of previous events, but there still is a need for prospective studies in order to make the process more evidence-based. The aim of this study was to analyze the success of medical preparedness, ambulance patient characteristics, emergency care, and the use of pre-hospital resources during the 2005 World Championship Games in Athletics in Helsinki, Finland.Methods:The study was a prospective, observational study conducted within the Helsinki EMS. Data from all emergency calls at the sport venues and Games village between 05 and 14 August 2005 were collected. Data from the organizations responsible for the health care and first aid of spectators and accredited persons (e.g., athletes, coaches, the press, very important persons and personnel working in the Games area) also were collected. The Institutional Review Board of Helsinki University Central Hospital approved the study plan.Results:A total of 479,000 persons visited the Games. The ambulance call incidence at the Olympic Stadium was 0.50 per 10,000 people and 0.7 per 10,000 when the Games Village was included. The overall need for ambulance transportation to the emergency department was 0.52 per 10,000. No patients needed cardiopulmonary resuscitation or other immediate, life-saving procedures on-site. First aid was provided to 554 spectators (0.17per 10,000 people). The three medical organizations cared for 1,586 patients of which 25 (1.6%) were transported to a hospital by an ambulance. The number of patients needing transportation and the overall patient loadfor the healthcare system was well-anticipated. Accredited persons sought health care a total of 1,009 times.The number of patients treated was associated closely with the number of spectators (p = 0.05). The number of ambulance calls in the city increased 5.9 % as compared to the corresponding time period in the five previous years.Conclusions:The medical preparedness and resources for the Games proved to be sufficient. The EMS personnel were able to provide quality emergency care. This prospective study provided new, detailed data for the medical aspects of mass gatherings and confirmed many previous observations.
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Srinivasan, Ranjiini, Surya G. Krishnan, Shashank Bhojaraja, and Mithuna Srinivasan. "Basic life support skills and health emergency preparedness among school teachers in India: a questionnaire-based study in an urban population." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3780. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193970.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to assess basic life support (BLS) knowledge and attitudes among school teachers in India, and to elicit school preparedness in handling medical emergencies.Methods: Using a two stage sampling technique, 198 teachers from 10 schools in a metropolitan city participated in the study. A pre-validated questionnaire was administered to assess school teacher knowledge of BLS, and the principals of the schools provided information regarding the facilities available to manage health emergencies.Results: Although more than half of the surveyed teachers were aware of the term BLS, only 7 percent were trained in resuscitation. Thirteen percent of teachers had encountered emergencies in the classroom. Most of the schools maintained a basic first aid kit but lacked other equipment necessary to manage more serious health emergencies.Conclusions: Our study suggests that although teachers may be aware of BLS, they lack formal training and schools may be poorly equipped to tackle medical emergencies. It is therefore necessary to regularly train teachers in BLS and ensure that schools are provided with resuscitation equipment to enable them to handle health emergencies in children.
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Adams, C. Brooke, D. Sierra Street, Melanie Crass, and John B. Bossaer. "Low rate of cetuximab hypersensitivity reactions in Northeast Tennessee: An Appalachian effect?" Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 22, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155215618771.
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Purpose Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody with a known risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Early studies showed hypersensitivity reaction rates of 3%, but there appears to be a higher incidence in the southeastern United States. To confirm the findings from nearby institutions that cetuximab-associated hypersensitivity reactions occur in approximately 20% of patients in the southeastern United States. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at Johnson City Medical Center in Johnson City, Tennessee. Each patient’s first infusion was analyzed for hypersensitivity reaction, as well as for demographic information such as allergy and smoking history, pre-medications, and malignancy type. Results Data from the first infusion of cetuximab were collected for a total of 71 patients with various malignancies. The overall rate of grade 3 or higher hypersensitivity reaction was 1.4%, and total rate of hypersensitivity reaction was 8.5%. These findings more closely correlate to the early clinical trials and package insert. Both severe (p = 0.001) and any-grade (p = 0.002) hypersensitivity reaction occurred less frequently in one Southeastern Appalachian medical center compared to academic medical centers directly to the east and west. Conclusions Patients in southern Appalachia may be less likely to develop cetuximab hypersensitivity reactions compared to surrounding areas in the Southeastern U.S. These results lend support to the theory that exposure to lonestar ticks ( Amblyomma americanum) may be responsible for the development of IgE antibodies to cetuximab that cause hypersensitivity reactions. The development of quick and reliable bedside predictors of cetuximab hypersensitivity reactions may aid clinicians considering the use of cetuximab.
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Musleh, Abdullah, Sarah Ali AlShehri, Anas Mohammed AlShehri, Sultan Khalid Kadasah, Mohammed Sharaf Alshahrani, Abdulelah Mohammed Almuqaytif, and Abdullah Mohemmed Alsuayri. "A study of the knowledge and attitude of physicians in the first aid management of epistaxis in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 6 (October 23, 2019): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20194560.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epistaxis is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose. It is usually noticed when blood drains out through the nostrils. There are two types: anterior (the most common), and posterior (less common, more likely to require medical attention). Sometimes in more severe cases, the blood can come up the nasolacrimal duct and out from the eye<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted in main five hospitals in Aseer region targeting residents dealing with emergency room (ER) cases during the period from 1st July to 31st July, 2018. Data were collected using a pre-structured written questionnaire by the researchers. The questionnaire composed of three parts. First part was for residents’ demographic data. Second part considered epistaxis cases rate and treatment. Third part covered 10 questions for knowledge regarding epistaxis<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total sample of 165 residents was involved with ages ranged from 27 years to 32 years old and 65.5% of the sampled residents were males. Exact of 47.3% of the residents were ER residents and 24.2% were general practitioners (GPs)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-IN">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN"> Nearly one out of each four residents had good awareness level regarding epistaxis especially GPs and ER residents. Position of patients with epistaxis and sites of epistaxis were the only items well known by residents. </span></p>
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Kleindienst, Samantha J., Sumitrajit Dhar, Donald W. Nielsen, James W. Griffith, Larry B. Lundy, Colin Driscoll, Brian Neff, Charles Beatty, David Barrs, and David A. Zapala. "Identifying and Prioritizing Diseases Important for Detection in Adult Hearing Health Care." American Journal of Audiology 25, no. 3 (September 2016): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_aja-15-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this research note is to identify and prioritize diseases important for detection in adult hearing health care delivery systems. Method Through literature review and expert consultation, the authors identified 195 diseases likely to occur in adults complaining of hearing loss. Five neurotologists rated the importance of disease on 3 dimensions related to the necessity of detection prior to adult hearing aid fitting. Results Ratings of adverse health consequences, diagnostic difficulty, and presence of nonotologic symptoms associated with these diseases resulted in the identification of 104 diseases potentially important for detection prior to adult hearing aid fitting. Conclusions Current and evolving health care delivery systems, including direct-to-consumer sales, involve inconsistent means of disease detection vigilance prior to device fitting. The first steps in determining the safety of these different delivery methods are to identify and prioritize which diseases present the greatest risk for poor health outcomes and, thus, should be detected in hearing health care delivery systems. Here the authors have developed a novel multidimensional rating system to rank disease importance. The rankings can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative detection methods and to inform public health policy. The authors are currently using this information to validate a consumer questionnaire designed to accurately identify when pre- fitting medical evaluations should be required for hearing aid patients.
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Anisah, Retno Lusmiati, and Parmilah Parmilah. "Edukasi Pertolongan Pertama Pada Kecelakaan (P3K) Bagi Palang Merah Remaja (PMR) Meningkatkan Kesiapan Menolong Korban Kecelakaan (First Aid Education for Youth Red Cross Improve Readiness to Help Accident Victim)." Jurnal Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.46815/jkanwvol8.v9i2.104.
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Accidents can happen anywhere and anytime, especially at school. There is a grace period that must be filled by a trained first aid until the victim is helped by medical personnel. First Aid for Accidents (P3K) at school, often provided by members of the Youth Red Cross (PMR). PMR's knowledge and attitude will affect the speed and accuracy in helping victims. Complications or disabilities due to accidents at school can be prevented if first aid is provided quickly and precisely. Several studies have found that the behavior of helping accident victims among students tends to be low, as is the case for PMR Wira members. The purpose of this scientific article is to determine the effect of education about first aid on the readiness to help PMR Wira members. This scientific paper uses a one group pre test post test design research design. The sample technique used was purposive sampling method of 32 respondents. Collecting data using a valid and reliable help readiness questionnaire. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Readiness to help before being given education was at a sufficient level and less, respectively, as many as 16 students (50%), and as many as 32 students (100.0%) were at a good level after being given education about first aid. There is a significant difference in the level of readiness to help PMR Wira members before and after being given intervention (p = 0.000 <0.05). The results of the study are expected to be a reference for community nurses to develop nursing care in the school area, especially in increasing the readiness to help accident victims for students who are members of PMR Wira, with education on P3K on an ongoing basis. Kecelakaan dan dapat terjadi dimana dan kapan saja terutama di sekolah. Ada masa tenggang yang harus diisi oleh penolong pertama terlatih sampai korban ditolong oleh tenaga medis. Pertolongan Pertama pada Kecelakaan (P3K) di sekolah, seringkali diberikan oleh anggota Palang Merah Remaja (PMR). Pengetahuan dan sikap PMR akan mempengaruhi kecepatan dan ketepatan dalam menolong korban. Komplikasi atau kecacatan akibat kecelakaan di sekolah bisa dicegah jika pertolongan pertama diberikan dengan cepat dan tepat. Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa perilaku menolong korban kecelakaan pada siswa cenderung rendah, begitu pula pada anggota PMR Wira. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi tentang P3K terhadap kesiapan menolong anggota PMR Wira. Karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan desain penelitian one group pre test post test design. Tehnik sampel yang digunakanan dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 32 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kesiapan menolong yang sudah valid dan reliabel. Analisa data menggunakan Wilcoxon test. Kesiapan menolong sebelum diberikan edukasi berada pada tingkat cukup dan kurang masing-masing sebanyak 16 siswa (50%), dan sebanyak 32 siswa (100,0%) berada pada tingkat baik sesudah diberikan edukasi tentang P3K. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada tingkat kesiapan menolong anggota PMR Wira sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi (p= 0,000< 0,05). Hasil penelitian diharapkan bisa menjadi acuan bagi perawat komunitas untuk mengembangkan asuhan keperawatan di area sekolah, terutama dalam peningkatan kesiapan menolong korban kecelakaan bagi siswa anggota PMR Wira, dengan edukasi tentang P3K secara berkelanjutan.
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Lund, Adam, Sheila Turris, Haddon Rabb, Matthew Brendan Munn, Elizabeth Chasmar, Jamie Ranse, and Alison Hutton. "Measuring the Masses: Mass-Gathering Medical Case Reporting, Conceptual Modeling – The DREAM Model (Paper 5)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21000108.
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AbstractIntroduction:Without a robust evidence base to support recommendations for first aid, health, and medical services at mass gatherings (MGs), levels of care will continue to vary. Streamlining and standardizing post-event reporting for MG medical services could improve inter-event comparability, and prospectively influence event safety and planning through the application of a research template, thereby supporting and promoting growth of the evidence base and the operational safety of this discipline. Understanding the relationships between categories of variables is key. The present paper is focused on theory building, providing an evolving conceptual model, laying the groundwork for exploring the relationships between categories of variables pertaining the health outcomes of MGs.Methods:A content analysis of 54 published post-event medical case reports, including a comparison of the features of published data models for MG health outcomes.Findings:A layered model of essential conceptual components for post-event medical reporting is presented as the Data Reporting, Evaluation, & Analysis for Mass-Gathering Medicine (DREAM) model. This model is relational and embeds data domains, organized operationally, into “inputs,” “modifiers,” “actuals,” and “outputs” and organized temporally into pre-, during, post-event, and reporting phases.Discussion:Situating the DREAM model in relation to existing models for data collection vis a vis health outcomes, the authors provide a detailed discussion on similarities and points of difference.Conclusion:Currently, data collection and analysis related to understanding health outcomes arising from MGs is not informed by robust conceptual models. This paper is part of a series of nested papers focused on the future state of post-event medical reporting.
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Balikuddembe, Joseph Kimuli, Ali Ardalan, Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh, Amir Nejati, and Owais Raza. "Weaknesses and Capacities Affecting the Prehospital Emergency Care for Victims of Road Traffic Incidents in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area: A Cross-Sectional Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004072.
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Introduction:Prehospital emergency care is a vital and integral component of health systems, particularly in resource-constrained countries like Uganda. It can help to minimize deaths, injuries, morbidities, disabilities, and trauma caused by road traffic incidents (RTIs). This study identifies the weaknesses and capacities affecting the prehospital emergency care for the victims of RTIs in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the GKMA using a three-part structured questionnaire. Data related to the demographics, nature of RTIs and victims’ pre-hospital experience and existing Emergency Medical Services (EMS) were collected from victims and EMS specialists in 3 hospitals and 5 EMS institutions, respectively. Data were descriptively analyzed, and a principal component analysis was employed to identify the most influential weaknesses and capacities affecting the prehospital emergency care for the victims of RTI in the GKMA.Results:From 459 RTI victims (74.7% males and 25.3% females) and 23 EMS specialists (91.3% males and 8.7% females) who participated in the study between May and June 20164. key weaknesses and 5 key capacities were identified to affect the prehospital emergency care for RTI victims in the GKMA. Although some strengths exist, (e.g., ambulance facilitation, EMS structuring, and coordination), the key weaknesses affecting the pre-hospital care for victims were noted to relate to the absence of predefined EMS systems, particularly in the GKMA and Uganda as a whole. They were identified to involve poor quality first aid treatment, insufficient skills/training of the first responders, inadequate EMS resources, and avoidable delays to respond and transport RTI victims to medical facilities.Discussion:Though some strengths exist, the weaknesses affecting prehospital care for RTI victims primarily emanate from the absence of predefined and well-organized EMS systems in the GKMA and Uganda as a whole.