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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-implantation development'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Niakan, K. K., J. Han, R. A. Pedersen, C. Simon, and R. A. R. Pera. "Human pre-implantation embryo development." Development 139, no. 5 (February 7, 2012): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.060426.

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2

Sudheer, S., and J. Adjaye. "Functional genomics of human pre-implantation development." Briefings in Functional Genomics and Proteomics 6, no. 2 (September 3, 2007): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elm012.

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3

Zhang, Pu, Marco Zucchelli, Sara Bruce, Fredwell Hambiliki, Anneli Stavreus-Evers, Lev Levkov, Heli Skottman, Erja Kerkelä, Juha Kere, and Outi Hovatta. "Transcriptome Profiling of Human Pre-Implantation Development." PLoS ONE 4, no. 11 (November 16, 2009): e7844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007844.

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4

Ko, Minoru S. H. "Embryogenomics of pre-implantation mammalian development: current status." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd03080.

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Pre-implantation development is marked by many critical molecular events, including the maternal to zygotic transition and the first differentiation of cells. Understanding such events is important, for both basic reproductive biology and practical applications, including regenerative medicine and livestock production. Scarcity of materials has hampered the progress of the field, but systematic genomics approaches are beginning to be applied to the study of pre-implantation development, resulting in unprecedented amounts of data about the pre-implantation process. The first step in embryogenomics is to collect and sequence cDNAs (expressed sequence tags (ESTs)) for genes that are expressed and function in these early embryos. Mouse work is the most advanced, with 140111 ESTs derived from all stages of pre-implantation development currently available in the public sequence database. For other mammals, at present only approximately 1000 ESTs can be found in the public database, but efforts by several groups are generating cDNA libraries and ESTs. In the present review, the current status of the implementation of these investigative tools for mammalian pre-implantation embryos is discussed.

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5

Liu, Weimin, and William S. B. Yeung. "LET-7 REGULATES PRE-IMPLANTATION MOUSE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT." Fertility and Sterility 116, no. 3 (September 2021): e279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.748.

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6

Justin, R. Chimka, and Jiang Leiying. "A note on interaction and pre-implantation development stages." Journal of Cell and Animal Biology 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2014): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jcab2014.0416.

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7

Krawchuk, Dayana, and Yojiro Yamanaka. "Understanding inter-strain differences in pre-implantation mouse development." Developmental Biology 356, no. 1 (August 2011): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.295.

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8

Jiang, Zongliang, Jiangwen Sun, Hong Dong, Oscar Luo, Xinbao Zheng, Craig Obergfell, Yong Tang, et al. "Transcriptional profiles of bovine in vivo pre-implantation development." BMC Genomics 15, no. 1 (2014): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-756.

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9

Chin, P. Y., J. G. Thompson, and S. A. Robertson. "Programming embryo development with a pre-implantation inflammatory insult." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 86, no. 1 (August 2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2010.06.075.

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10

Wu, Xiaoli, Sumit Sandhu, Nehal Patel, Barbara Triggs-Raine, and Hao Ding. "EMG1 is essential for mouse pre-implantation embryo development." BMC Developmental Biology 10, no. 1 (2010): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213x-10-99.

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11

Morgani, Sophie M., and Joshua M. Brickman. "LIF supports primitive endoderm expansion during pre-implantation development." Development 142, no. 20 (September 22, 2015): 3488–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125021.

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12

Herrick, J., A. Greene, W. Schoolcraft, and R. Krisher. "95 ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN BOVINE PRE-IMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab95.

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Polyamines are involved in trophectoderm attachment and outgrowth, but little is known about their role in earlier stages of development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis (difluoromethylornithine, DFMO) on development (blastocyst formation and hatching) and cell allocation to the trophectoderm (TE, CDX2-positive) and inner cell mass (ICM, SOX2-positive) in the bovine embryo. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries and matured for 24 h in a defined maturation medium (5.0 mM glucose, 0.6 mM cysteine, 0.5 mM cysteamine, 0.1 IU mL–1 FSH, 50 ng mL–1 EGF, and 2.5 mg mL–1 recombinant human albumin). Frozen-thawed spermatozoa were processed by gradient centrifugation and co-incubated (2 × 106 mL–1) with COC [10 COC/50 µL; 7.5 µg mL–1 heparin, 2 mM caffeine, and 8.0 mg mL–1 fatty-acid free (FAF) BSA] for 20 to 22 h. After removing cumulus cells, zygotes were cultured (10 embryos/20 µL) in a medium for cleavage stage bovine embryos (0.5 mM glucose, 0.3 mM pyruvate, 6.0 mM lactate, 0.25 mM citrate, 1.0 mM alanyl-glutamine, 0.25 × MEM nonessential and essential amino acids, 5 µM EDTA, and 8.0 mg mL–1 FAF BSA). After 72 h, embryos with >4 cells were randomly allocated (5 embryos/20 µL) to a culture medium for compaction and blastocyst formation (3.0 mM fructose, 0.1 mM pyruvate, 6.0 mM lactate, 0.5 mM citrate, 1.0 mM alanyl-glutamine, 1× MEM nonessential amino acids, 0.5× MEM essential amino acids, 0.075 mM myo-inositol, and 8.0 mg mL–1 FAF BSA) containing 0 (control), 5, or 10 mM DFMO. Embryonic development was evaluated at 192 h post-insemination (96 h in the second medium containing DFMO treatments), and hatching or hatched blastocysts were fixed for analysis of cell allocation. All data were analysed by ANOVA and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Blastocyst formation and hatching (% of embryos cultured in the presence of treatments) were both inhibited (P < 0.05) when embryos (n = 157/treatment) were cultured with 5 (39.5 ± 3.9%, 14.6 ± 2.8%) or 10 (39.5 ± 3.9%, 14.0 ± 2.8%) mM DFMO compared with embryos cultured without DFMO (53.5 ± 4.0%, 26.1 ± 3.5%). The number of TE cells was also reduced (P < 0.05) in the presence of 5 (121.4 ± 7.2) and 10 (123.6 ± 6.7) mM DFMO compared with embryos cultured without DFMO (152.4 ± 9.7), but the number of ICM cells (45.2 to 54.0) and the total number of cells (TE+ICM, 168.8 to 201.1) were not affected (P > 0.05). In a second experiment (n = 163 to 165/treatment), the negative effects of DFMO on hatching (17.0 ± 2.9%; P < 0.05, v. control, 30.7 ± 3.6%) could be partially reversed when embryos were cultured with both 10 mM DFMO and an exogenous polyamine (100 µM putrescine, 23.0 ± 3.3% DFMO+Put; P > 0.05 v. control). The number of TE cells for embryos cultured with DFMO+Put (153.9 ± 8.7) was intermediate between embryos cultured with (138.0 ± 6.9) or without DFMO (control, 161.6 ± 8.7), but these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). These results provide the first evidence of a role for polyamines during blastocyst formation and hatching of bovine embryos, with specific effects on trophectoderm proliferation and hatching.

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13

Esmaeilzadeh, Khadijeh, Hamid Gourabi, Masoud Sheidai, Mostafa Fakhri, and Masood Bazrgar. "Taxol Improves Pre-Implantation Development Potential of Mouse Embryos." Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 85, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502820.

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14

Hupalowska, Anna, Agnieszka Jedrusik, Meng Zhu, Mark T. Bedford, David M. Glover, and Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz. "CARM1 and Paraspeckles Regulate Pre-implantation Mouse Embryo Development." Cell 175, no. 7 (December 2018): 1902–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.027.

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15

Maganha, Juliana, Evelise de Souza Rocha, Marcos Antônio Fernandes Brandão, Vera Maria Peters, and Martha de Oliveira Guerra. "Embryo development alteration in rats treated with lapachol." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 6 (November 2006): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000700010.

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Lapachol, a naphthoquinone extracted from plants of the genus Tabebuia (family Bignoneaceae), showed multiple therapeutic activities. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with Lapachol from the 1st to the 4th (pre-implantation period) and from 5th to 7th (implantation period) post insemination day (PID). Mothers were sacrificed on the 5th or on the15th PID. Number of corpora lutea, preimplantation embryo, blastocysts, live and dead fetuses and resorptions were counted. There were no signs of maternal toxicity. The number and the morphology of embryos, during oviduct development (pre-implantation period), did not seem to be affected by this drug, but during the implantation period, lapachol was toxic causing the death of embryos and intrauterine growth retardation.

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16

Gutiérrez-Adán, A., M. Perez-Crespo, R. Fernandez-Gonzalez, MA Ramirez, P. Moreira, B. Pintado, P. Lonergan, and D. Rizos. "Developmental Consequences of Sexual Dimorphism During Pre-implantation Embryonic Development." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 41, s2 (October 2006): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00769.x.

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17

Habibi, Razieh, Sayyed Morteza Hosseini, Faezeh Ghazvini Zadegan, Mehdi Hajian, Somayyeh Ostadhosseini, Nima Tanhaei Vash, Azadeh Naddafpour, and Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani. "Functional characterization of NANOG in goat pre-implantation embryonic development." Theriogenology 120 (October 2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.023.

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18

Rankin, Tracy, Selma Soyal, and Jurrien Dean. "The mouse zona pellucida: folliculogenesis, fertility and pre-implantation development." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 163, no. 1-2 (May 2000): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00236-1.

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19

Tachibana, Masahito, Lisa Clepper, Michelle Sparman, Cathy Ramsey, and Shoukhrat Mitalipov. "The Role of NANOG During Primate Pre-Implantation Embryo Development." Biology of Reproduction 81, Suppl_1 (July 1, 2009): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/81.s1.248.

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20

Moley, K. H., W. K. Vaughn, A. H. DeCherney, and M. P. Diamond. "Effect of diabetes mellitus on mouse pre-implantation embryo development." Reproduction 93, no. 2 (November 1, 1991): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0930325.

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21

Strnad, Petr, Stefan Gunther, Judith Reichmann, Uros Krzic, Balint Balazs, Gustavo de Medeiros, Nils Norlin, Takashi Hiiragi, Lars Hufnagel, and Jan Ellenberg. "Inverted light-sheet microscope for imaging mouse pre-implantation development." Nature Methods 13, no. 2 (December 14, 2015): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3690.

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22

Gao, Yawei, Xiaoyu Liu, Bin Tang, Chong Li, Zhaohui Kou, Lin Li, Wenqiang Liu, et al. "Protein Expression Landscape of Mouse Embryos during Pre-implantation Development." Cell Reports 21, no. 13 (December 2017): 3957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.111.

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23

Petropoulos, S., S. P. Panula, J. P. Schell, and F. Lanner. "Single-cell RNA sequencing: revealing human pre-implantation development, pluripotency and germline development." Journal of Internal Medicine 280, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12493.

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24

Li, Shuai, and Wipawee Winuthayanon. "Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development." Journal of Endocrinology 232, no. 1 (January 2017): R1—R26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0302.

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Animal oviducts and human Fallopian tubes are a part of the female reproductive tract that hosts fertilization and pre-implantation development of the embryo. With an increasing understanding of roles of the oviduct at the cellular and molecular levels, current research signifies the importance of the oviduct on naturally conceived fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. This review highlights the physiological conditions within the oviduct during fertilization, environmental regulation, oviductal fluid composition and its role in protecting embryos and supplying nutrients. Finally, the review compares different aspects of naturally occurring fertilization and assisted reproductive technology (ART)-achieved fertilization and embryo development, giving insight into potential areas for improvement in this technology.

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25

Anifandis, G., C. I. Messini, K. Dafopoulos, and I. E. Messinis. "Genes and Conditions Controlling Mammalian Pre- and Post-implantation Embryo Development." Current Genomics 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2015): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202916666141224205025.

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26

Werner, Hendrikje, and Colin Stewart. "Dynamic composition of the nuclear envelope during mouse pre-implantation development." Mechanisms of Development 145 (July 2017): S95—S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.244.

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27

Yamagata, K. "Capturing Epigenetic Dynamics During Pre-implantation Development Using Live Cell Imaging." Journal of Biochemistry 143, no. 3 (December 13, 2007): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvn001.

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28

Saitou, M., S. Kagiwada, and K. Kurimoto. "Epigenetic reprogramming in mouse pre-implantation development and primordial germ cells." Development 139, no. 1 (December 6, 2011): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.050849.

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29

Komatsu, Kouji, and Toshihiko Fujimori. "Multiple phases in regulation of Nanog expression during pre-implantation development." Development, Growth & Differentiation 57, no. 9 (December 2015): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12244.

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30

Scenna, F. N., J. L. Edwards, and F. N. Schrick. "139PROSTAGLANDIN F2± COMPROMISES DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-IMPLANTATION BOVINE EMBRYOS DURING COMPACTION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab139.

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Several studies have implicated prostaglandin F2α (PGF) as a major embryotoxic factor during early embryonic development in cattle. Elevated uterine concentrations of PGF were negatively associated with embryo development, quality and pregnancy rates (Schrick FN et al. 1993 Biol. Reprod. 49, 617–621; Hockett ME et al. 1998 J. Anim. Sci. 76 (Suppl 1), 241 abst; Seals RC et al. 1998 Prostaglandins 56, 377–389). Moreover, addition of PGF to culture medium decreased hatching rates of compacted morulae (Scenna FN et al. 2002 Theriogenology 53, 512 abst) and decreased development of pre-compacted (16–32 cell) bovine embryos to blastocyst stage (Scenna FN et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 335 abst). Furthermore, administration of an inhibitor of PGF synthesis at the time of embryo transfer improved pregnancy rates in cattle (Schrick FN et al. 2001 Theriogenology 55, 370 abst). The objective of the current study was to identify the period of time during early embryonic development that is most susceptible to the deleterious effects of PGF. After in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine oocytes, putative zygotes were cultured in KSOMaa plus 0.3% BSA. On Day 4 post-insemination, pre-compacted (16–32 cell) embryos were removed from culture, evaluated for quality, and randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) Control (KSOMaa plus 0.3% polyvinyl alcohol (KSOM-PVA; n=470) or 2) PGF-1 (1ngmL−1 PGF in KSOM-PVA; n=473; Scenna FN et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 335 abst). After 48h of incubation in assigned treatments, assessment of development to compacted morula stage was determined. Thereafter, embryos were kept separate according to treatments, sorted by stage of development and quality, and randomly assigned to receive either Control (CON) or PGF-1 supplemented medium until assessment of blastocyst development on Day 9. This random sorting resulted in the formation of four treatment groups comprising the initial treatments and assigned treatments during Days 6–9 (CON-CON, n=366; PGF-CON, n=226; CON-PGF, n=149; PGF-PGF, n=287). Analyses were performed incorporating a randomized incomplete block design using mixed models of SAS (2000) to determine effects of PGF on Days 4–6, 6–9 and 4–9 of development. Data were also analyzed using chi-square. Addition of 1ngmL−1 of PGF to culture medium on Days 4–9 decreased the percentage of pre-compacted embryos reaching blastocyst stage (CON-CON, 47.8%; PGF-PGF, 36%; P<0.05). Moreover, addition of 1ngmL−1 of PGF to the culture medium of pre-compacted bovine embryos on Days 4–6 of development decreased the percentage of compacted morulae on Day 6 (Control, 68.1%; PGF-1, 60.5%; P=0.01). However, the percentage of embryos developing to blastocyst was not decreased following addition of 1ngmL−1 of PGF on Days 6–9 of development (CON-CON, 47.8%; CON-PGF, 42.6%; P>0.05). Results suggest that morula stage embryos during compaction are most susceptible to deleterious effects of PGF.

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31

Chen, Mo, Zhaoyan Wang, Zhiwen Zhang, Xun Li, Weijing Wu, Dinghua Xie, and Zi-an Xiao. "Intelligence development of pre-lingual deaf children with unilateral cochlear implantation." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 90 (November 2016): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.09.031.

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32

De Hertogh, R., I. Vanderheyden, S. Pampfer, D. Robin, and J. Delcourt. "Maternal insulin treatment improves pre-implantation embryo development in diabetic rats." Diabetologia 35, no. 5 (May 1992): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02342434.

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33

Nishii, Kiyomasa, Yasushi Kobayashi, and Yosaburo Shibata. "Absence of connexin43 and connexin45 does not disturb pre- and peri-implantation development." Zygote 24, no. 3 (July 21, 2015): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199415000386.

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SummaryGap junctional intercellular communication is assumed to play an important role during pre- and peri-implantation development. In this study, we eliminated connexin43 (Cx43) and connexin45 (Cx45), major gap junctional proteins in the pre- and peri-implantation embryo. We generated Cx43−/−Cx45−/− embryos by Cx43+/−Cx45+/− intercrossing, because mice deficient in Cx43 (Cx43−/−) exhibit perinatal lethality and those deficient in Cx45 (Cx45−/−) exhibit early embryonic lethality. Wild-type, Cx43−/−, Cx45−/−, and Cx43−/−Cx45−/− blastocysts all showed similar outgrowths in in vitro culture. Moreover, Cx43−/−Cx45−/− embryos were obtained at the expected Mendelian ratio up to embryonic day 9.5, when the Cx45−/− mutation proved lethal. The Cx43−/−Cx45−/− embryos seemed to have no additional developmental abnormalities in comparison with the single knockout strains. Thus, pre- and peri-implantation development does not require Cx43 and Cx45. Other gap junctional proteins are expressed around these stages and these may compensate for the lack of Cx43 and Cx45.

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34

Fu, Bo, Hong Ma, and Di Liu. "Endogenous Retroviruses Function as Gene Expression Regulatory Elements During Mammalian Pre-implantation Embryo Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030790.

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Pre-implantation embryo development encompasses several key developmental events, especially the activation of zygotic genome activation (ZGA)-related genes. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are regarded as “deleterious genomic parasites”, were previously considered to be “junk DNA”. However, it is now known that ERVs, with limited conservatism across species, mediate conserved developmental processes (e.g., ZGA). Transcriptional activation of ERVs occurs during the transition from maternal control to zygotic genome control, signifying ZGA. ERVs are versatile participants in rewiring gene expression networks during epigenetic reprogramming. Particularly, a subtle balance exists between ERV activation and ERV repression in host–virus interplay, which leads to stage-specific ERV expression during pre-implantation embryo development. A large portion of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos display developmental arrest and ZGA failure during pre-implantation embryo development. Furthermore, because of the close relationship between ERV activation and ZGA, exploring the regulatory mechanism underlying ERV activation may also shed more light on the enigma of SCNT embryo development in model animals.

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35

Navarro, M., C. Bluguermann, M. Von Meyeren, V. Bariani, C. Osycka, and A. Mutto. "2 Role of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation during bovine pre-implantation embryonic development." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab2.

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Histones play an important role in DNA’s compaction and organisation into the cellular nucleus. Depending on which histone modification occurs, chromatin can take a conformation of heterochromatin or euchromatin, which are associated with gene repression or expression, respectively. Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) trimethylation (H3K9me3) is associated with gene silencing. At least 3 methyltransferases are able to change the methylation status of H3K9: SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and SETDB1. In several mammalian species, modulation of H3K9 methylation status has been demonstrated to be necessary to achieve a successful pre-implantation embryonic development after IVF or somatic cell NT. The aim of this work was to study the role of H3K9me3 in IVF pre-implantation bovine embryos. For this purpose, immunostaining of H3K9me3 at different pre-implantation stages of development was performed. Further, the relative abundances of the methyltransferases SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 were measured by real-time PCR using luciferase transcript as an exogenous gene for normalization. Finally, to evaluate H3K9me3 involvement during pre-implantation embryonic development, we generated SUV39H1 or SUV39H2 knockout embryos by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We designed guide RNA targeting SUV39H1 or SUV39H2 and co-injected the presumptive zygote’s cytoplasm 18h post-fertilization with Cas9 protein. At Day 8 post-fertilization, the number of blastocysts was assessed and embryos were immunostained to evaluate H3K9me3. Results were analysed using Student’s t-test or ANOVA with the post-hoc Tukey test depending on data set (P ≤ 0.05) and reported as means±standard errors of the mean. Oocytes at germinal vesicle stage and metaphase II as well as embryos at different stages of pre-implantation development (2, 4, and 8 cells, morula, and blastocyst; n=6) were immunoreactive for H3K9me3. Expression of SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 mRNA decreased significantly as embryonic development progressed, reaching undetectable levels at stages where genome activation had already occurred (morula and blastocyst; P<0.0001, n=3). When zygotes were co-injected with the guide RNA targeting SUV39H1/Cas9, embryonic production showed a significant increase compared with the control [42.26%±5.03 (28/65) v. 23.86%±3.99 (21/88), respectively; P=0.034, n=4], and H3K9me3 immunostaining was reduced in treated embryos. Editing efficiency was estimated at 66%. In contrast, no statistical differences were found in embryonic production or H3K9me3 immunostaining in embryos co-injected with the guide RNA targeting SUV39H2/Cas9 (P=0.57, n=3). In conclusion, we were able to characterise H3K9me3 and determine transcript levels of methyltransferases SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 in oocytes and different stages of pre-implantation embryonic development. We also demonstrated that SUV39H1 deletion led to an increased embryonic production, suggesting that H3K9me3 removal would allow a greater relaxation of the heterochromatin and consequently a successful activation of embryonic genes. This highlights the essential role of H3K9me3 during bovine pre-implantation embryonic development.

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36

Artus, Jérôme, Isabelle Hue, and Hervé Acloque. "Preimplantation development in ungulates: a ‘ménage à quatre’ scenario." Reproduction 159, no. 3 (March 2020): R151—R172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0348.

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In ungulates, early embryonic development differs dramatically from that of mice and humans and is characterized by an extended period of pre- and peri-implantation development in utero. After hatching from the zona pellucida, the ungulate blastocyst will stay free in the uterus for many days before implanting within the uterine wall. During this protracted peri-implantation period, an intimate dialog between the embryo and the uterus is established through a complex series of paracrine signals. The blastocyst elongates, leading to extreme growth of extra-embryonic tissues, and at the same time, the inner cell mass moves up into the trophoblast and evolves into the embryonic disc, which is directly exposed to molecules present in the uterine fluids. In the peri-implantation period, uterine glands secrete a wide range of molecules, including enzymes, growth factors, adhesion proteins, cytokines, hormones, and nutrients like amino and fatty acids, which are collectively referred to as histotroph. The identification, role, and effects of these secretions on the biology of the conceptus are still being described; however, the studies that have been conducted to date have demonstrated that histotroph is essential for embryonic development and serves a critical function during the pre- and peri implantation periods. Here, we present an overview of current knowledge on the molecular dialogue among embryonic, extraembryonic, and maternal tissues prior to implantation. Taken together, the body of work described here demonstrates the extent to which this dialog enables the coordination of the development of the conceptus with respect to the establishment of embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues as well as in preparation for implantation.

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37

Hedegger, Kathrin, Julia Philippou-Massier, Stefan Krebs, Helmut Blum, Stefan Kunzelmann, Klaus Förstemann, Martina Gimpfl, et al. "Sex-specific programming effects of parental obesity in pre-implantation embryonic development." International Journal of Obesity 44, no. 5 (November 27, 2019): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0494-x.

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38

Den, Z. "Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development of the mouse embryo." Journal of Cell Science 119, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02769.

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O’Doherty, Alan M., David A. Magee, Lynee C. O’Shea, Niamh Forde, Marijke E. Beltman, Solomon Mamo, and Trudee Fair. "DNA methylation dynamics at imprinted genes during bovine pre-implantation embryo development." BMC Developmental Biology 15, no. 1 (2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12861-015-0060-2.

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Satterfield, Michael C., Gwonhwa Song, Kelli Kochan, Penny K. Riggs, Huaijun Zhou, Chris G. Elsik, David Adelson, Fuller W. Bazer, and Thomas E. Spencer. "Identification of Progesterone-Regulated Genes Governing Pre-implantation Conceptus Growth and Development." Biology of Reproduction 78, Suppl_1 (May 1, 2008): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.173a.

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Teson, J., K. Lee, L. Spate, and R. S. Prather. "142 DYNAMICS OF Tet FAMILY DURING PRE-IMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab142.

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One of the key regulators of gene expression in mammals is DNA methylation. The Tet family (Tet1–3) is suggested to be involved in regulating the level of methylation by hydroxylating a methyl group from 5-methylcytosine to form 5-hydroxymethylcystosine. This hydroxylation alters the 3-dimensional structure of the DNA and results in altered gene expression. Previous studies conducted in the mouse have shown that Tet1 is important for inner cell mass specification by regulating the apparent level of methylation on a specific promoter region in blastocysts and Tet3 is related to the apparent paternal DNA demethylation after fertilization by hydroxylating the paternal genome. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression profile of the Tet family in porcine oocytes and pre-implantation-stage embryos derived from IVF and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The RNA was isolated from donor cells, germinal vesicle (GV), MII and 2-cell and blastocyst stage embryos (20 oocytes or embryos per group). Levels of mRNA for each Tet gene were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The levels of each mRNA transcript were compared to YWHAG, a housekeeping gene that shows a constant level of expression throughout pre-implantation embryo development and normalized to the GV stage. The analysis was repeated with 3 biological replications and 2 experimental replications. Differences in gene expression were compared by ANOVA and P < 0.05 was considered significant. No difference was found in the levels of the Tet family members between GV and MII stage oocytes. Compared with GV stage oocytes, up-regulation of Tet3 at the 2-cell stage was detected in both IVF and SCNT embryos, 4.7 and 6.2 fold, respectively. A dramatic increase in Tet1 was also observed at the blastocyst stage in IVF and SCNT embryos when compared with the GV stage, 65.7 and 79.7 fold increases, respectively. Interestingly, the level of Tet3 was down-regulated in blastocyst embryos at a 25 or more fold decrease compared with GV. The level of Tet2 remained constant throughout embryo development. Embryos (2-cell and blastocyst) compared from IVF and SCNT showed no difference in Tet expression levels. Donor cells had significantly lower levels of Tet2 and Tet3 when compared with GV. Our results indicate that the Tet family shows a dynamic expression profile during porcine pre-implantation embryo development. High expression of Tet3 in 2-cell stage embryos suggests its importance during the post-activation demethylation process. The increase of Tet1 transcript in blastocysts suggests that Tet1 is involved in regulating the type of methylation at the blastocyst stage. These results are consistent with results from previous mouse studies. There was no misregulated expression of the Tet family in SCNT embryos compared with IVF embryos, thus indicating successful reprogramming of the Tet family after SCNT. Lower levels of Tet2 and Tet3 would indicate that Tet1 is important for maintaining type of methylation in donor cells. This is the first report on the profile of the Tet family during porcine pre-implantation embryo development and further studies are needed to clarify their role during this stage.

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Bogliotti, Y. S., L. B. Ferré, D. J. Humpal, and P. J. Ross. "68 EPIGENETIC REMODELING OF HISTONE 3 MARKS DURING BOVINE PRE-IMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab68.

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During pre-implantation development, substantial epigenetic changes occur that are thought to play key roles in achieving embryonic genome activation and totipotency. Embryonic genome activation occurs at the 8- to 16-cell stage in cattle and, although it is a crucial step of development, the specific mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether 4 histone 3 marks associated with active genes are remodelled during oocyte and early embryo development in cattle. The dynamics of acetylation of lysine 27 (H3K27ac), di-methylation of lysine 79 (H3K79me2), and mono- and tri-methylation of lysine 4 (H3K4me1, H3K4me3) were assessed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Ovaries were obtained from an abattoir. Immature germinal vesicle stage oocytes were aspirated from small antral follicles and matured for 24 h to the metaphase II stage (MII). Embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization and collected at different stages of development: pronuclear [PN; 18 h post-fertilization (hpf)], 2-cell (30 hpf), 4-cell (44 hpf), 8-cell (56 hpf), 16-cell (72 hpf), morula (120 hpf), and blastocyst (180 hpf). Three to 4 biological replicates were done per antibody and a total of 197 oocytes per embryo were imaged (8 to 16 per stage/antibody). The images were analysed using Fiji (Schindelin et al. 2012 Nat. Methods 9, 676–682). The average nuclear intensity per oocyte per embryo was adjusted by the average of 2 cytoplasmic areas (background). An ANOVA mixed model was used for statistical analysis using SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The least squares means of the different stages were compared (within each antibody group) using a Tukey-Kramer adjustment and were considered to be significantly different at P < 0.05. The H3K79me2 marks showed a significant increase from germinal vesicle to MII, a change opposite that of H3K27ac, which experienced a significant decrease between these two stages. The H3K4me1/me3 marks showed no significant changes during oocyte maturation. All 3 methylation marks presented a significant reduction in nuclear intensity from MII to PN, indicating that these marks are actively removed right after fertilization. The opposite effect was observed for the acetylation mark, in which the levels increased significantly from MII to PN. The H3K4me1/me3 marks showed a gradual decrease in intensity levels from the 2-cell stage onward, reaching a minimum at the 16-cell per morula stages. The H3K79me2 levels were low from PN to 16-cell stage, at which point its intensity levels began to increase, reaching statistical significance at the blastocyst stage. The H3K27ac marks showed a slow decrease in intensity levels from the PN stage, achieving statistical significance as it dropped to a minimum at the 16-cell stage. These results show that the global levels of the assayed epigenetic marks undergo dynamic changes during oocyte maturation and embryo development, suggesting that their remodelling may be important for early development. The authors thank Alta Genetics for providing the semen.

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Dunwell, Thomas L., and Peter W. H. Holland. "A sister of NANOG regulates genes expressed in pre-implantation human development." Open Biology 7, no. 4 (April 2017): 170027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170027.

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The NANOG homeobox gene plays a pivotal role in self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency in human, mouse and other vertebrate embryonic stem cells, and in pluripotent cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass. There is a poorly studied and atypical homeobox locus close to the Nanog gene in some mammals which could conceivably be a cryptic paralogue of NANOG, even though the loci share only 20% homeodomain identity. Here we argue that this gene, NANOGNB (NANOG Neighbour) , is an extremely divergent duplicate of NANOG that underwent radical sequence change in the mammalian lineage. Like NANOG , the NANOGNB gene is expressed in pre-implantation embryos of human and cow; unlike NANOG , NANOGNB expression is restricted to 8-cell and morula stages, preceding blastocyst formation. When expressed ectopically in adult cells, human NANOGNB elicits gene expression changes, including downregulation of a set of genes that have an expression pulse at the 8-cell stage of pre-implantation development. We conclude that gene duplication and massive sequence divergence in mammals generated a novel homeobox gene that acquired new developmental roles complementary to those of Nanog.

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Kim, Jin-Moon, and Fugaku Aoki. "Mechanism of Gene Expression Reprogramming during Meiotic Maturation and Pre-Implantation Development." Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 21, no. 3 (2004): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1274/jmor.21.89.

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Montagner, M., A. Cropp, J. Swanson, R. Cederberg, P. Goncalves, and B. White. "144 ROLE OF GnRH ON MOUSE PRE-IMPLANTATION EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab144.

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The interaction between GnRH and its receptor on gonadotropes within the anterior pituitary gland represents a key point for regulation of the reproduction. In addition, GnRH can act in multiple extrapituitary tissues via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Protein for GnRH and mRNA for both GnRH and its receptor have been detected in human uterine endometrium and oviduct as well as in embryos at the morula/blastocyst stage in the mouse and human. Therefore, we hypothesized that GnRH may have a critical role in the development of pre-implantation embryos. To address this question, we examined the effect of a GnRH agonist and antagonist on the development of mouse embryos in vitro. For these studies, 1-cell embryos were randomly allocated to culture in KSOM containing the appropriate treatment for 144 h at 37°C in a 5% CO2 in air environment. The medium was changed every 12 h and embryos were scored daily for development. The data were compared using a χ2 test. First, we wanted to determine if a GnRH agonist, histrelin, could enhance embryonic development. Embryos were cultured with (n = 35) or without (n = 36) 10 μM histrelin. The addition of histrelin did not increase morula or blastocyst formation v. control. Second, we cultured embryos in the presence of different concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of the GnRH antagonist, SB-75 (cetrorelix; n = 22/treatment) in order to determine its effect on embryonic development. The 10 μM SB-75 treatment blocked embryo development beyond the compact morula stage (P < 0.001). To determine if this was a receptor mediated effect, we attempted to rescue development of SB-75 treated embryos with a histrelin challenge. Our treatments consisted of control (n = 30), 10 μM histrelin (n = 27), 10 μM SB-75 (n = 29), and 10 μM SB-75 in combination with either 1 μM (n = 27) or 10 μM (n = 25) histrelin. Both levels of histrelin partially rescued the inhibition of blastocyst formation by SB-75 (P < 0.01). Next, we were interested in examining the signaling cascade activated following binding of GnRH to its receptor in pre-implantation embryos. Toward this end, we treated embryos with inhibitors of either PKC or PKA. First, embryos were cultured in the presence of 0 (n = 33), 0.1 (n = 35), 1 (n = 35), or 10 (n = 35) μM GF109203X (GFX), a PKC inhibitor. Similar to the results obtained with SB-75, treatment with 10 μM GFX significantly reduced development to the compact morula stage and completely blocked blastocyst formation. Second, we treated embryos (n = 15 to 17/treatment) with different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mM) of the PKA inhibitor, SQ22536. In contrast to treatment with GFX, rates of blastocyst formation were decreased only by 35% (P < 0.05) at the highest concentration of SQ22536. The percentage of embryos developing to the hatched blastocyst stage was decreased in a dose-dependent manner following SQ22536 treatment (P < 0.05); however, this effect was not consistent with SB-75 inhibition of blastocyst formation. We suggest that GnRH has an important autocrine effect on early embryonic development, potentially signaling via PKC. Funding for M Montagner was provided by CAPES, Brazil.

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Abdul Rahman, Nor Shahida, Mimi Sophia Sarbandi, Wan Hafizah Wan Jusof, Zolkapli Eshak, Salina Othman, Fathiah Abdullah, Yuhaniza Shafinie Kamsani, Suzanna Daud, Norazilah Mat Jin, and Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan. "Increased mitochondrial distribution in early-cleaving embryos indicate successful pre-implantation development." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 16, 2018): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n4.1130.

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The timing of the first zygotic cleavage is an accurate predictor of embryo quality. Embryos that cleaved early have higher developmental viability compared to their late counterparts. During embryonic development, cleavage is affected by cellular metabolic processes performed by mitochondria and its synergistic interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, in depth study on differences of mitochondria and ER ultrastructures in early- cleaving (EC) versus late- cleaving (LC) embryos is limited. This study compares mitochondria and ER ultrastructures of EC versus LC embryos using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Embryos were obtained from female ICR superovulated mice, 28-30 hours post hCG. Two-cell embryos were categorized as early-cleaving (EC), while zygotes with the second polar body and two pronuclei present were categorized as late-cleaving (LC). The LC embryos were cultured in vitro until the 2- cell stage. In EC embryos, mitochondria were mostly found at the perinuclear region and closely associated with dense ER. Meanwhile, mitochondria of LC embryos were distributed uniformly within the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in EC versus LC [(18.7 ± 0.4) versus (14.6 ± 0.4)] x 105 pixel, (p<0.01). Development to the blastocyst stage was also significantly higher in EC compared to LC embryos (96.7% versus 60.9%) (p<0.01). Higher viability of EC embryos is attributed to the close association of their mitochondria to ER. This contributed to better mitochondrial fission, resulting in enhanced energy generating processes and preimplantation development.

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Moley, Kelle, and Michael Diamond. "Diabetes Mellitus: Effects on Oocyte and Pre-Implantation Embryo Growth and Development." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 12, no. 02 (May 1994): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016383.

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Chen, H. W., C. M. Su, and C. R. Tzeng. "Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Survival Factor in Pre-Implantation Embryo Development." Fertility and Sterility 84 (September 2005): S379—S380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.994.

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Lv, Jie, Hui Liu, Shihuan Yu, Hongbo Liu, Wei Cui, Yang Gao, Tao Zheng, et al. "Identification of 4438 novel lincRNAs involved in mouse pre-implantation embryonic development." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 290, no. 2 (November 27, 2014): 685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-014-0952-z.

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Yokoo, Masaki, and Miho Mori. "Near-infrared laser irradiation improves the development of mouse pre-implantation embryos." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 487, no. 2 (May 2017): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.076.

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