Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pre-HD

Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-HD'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-HD"

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Castro, Magdalena, Rodrigo Orozco, Pedro Figueroa, Cristina Hertz, and Victoria Aspillaga. "Correlation Between Predialysis Systolic Blood Pressure and Predialysis Hydration Status in Hemodialysis Patients." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 3, no. 4 (October 27, 2018): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2016.039.

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One of the goals of hemodialysis is to maintain normal hydration status in ESRD patients. Pre hemodialysis systolic blood pressure is usually used as a clinical parameter of hydration status and to set ultrafiltration rate before Hd. It is unclear how much pre-Hd SBP correlated with hydration status. The aim was to determine correlation between pre-Hd SBP and hydration status before Hd. An observational correlation study was performed in two dialysis centers in Santiago, Chile, from January-June, 2011. Adult patients in Hd for at least three months, who gave their informed consent were included. Patients with pacemaker, amputee, hospitalized and metallic prostheses were excluded. Total-body water and overhydrated were assessed with bioimpedance spectroscopy before the first and third dialysis session of the week. Pre-Hd SBP, pre-Hd body weight, pre-Hd TBW and pre-Hd OH, were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression model. 96 measurements were assessed, 52 % were male with median age 59.5 years. The correlation between pre-Hd SBP and pre-Hd overhydration was r=0.33, and total body water r=0.15, with a predicted value, R2=0.10 and R2 =0.14 respectively. Pre-Hd SBP had low correlation with pre-Hd hydration status and by itself, is not a reliable parameter to set ultrafiltration rate before Hd. Nevertheless Pre-Hd body weight predicted in 70 % the pre-Hd TBW.
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Agroyannis, B., C. Fourtounas, H. Tzanatos, A. Kapetanaki, A. Dalamangas, and D. V. Vlahakos. "Pre-HD Dilution Acidosis, without Post-HD Contraction Alkalosis in Uremic Patients." International Journal of Artificial Organs 26, no. 2 (February 2003): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880302600207.

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The aim of this study was to verify if the degree of pre-HD acidosis and its correction post-HD is related to body fluid expansion during the interdialytic period. Twelve uremic patients without major problems, with stable hematocrit, with regular and similar HD-session characteristics, but widely varying amounts of body fluid expansion in the interdialytic period were included. Blood samples were collected from arterial line pre-and post-HD, anaerobically in heparinized syringes, for determination of HCO3-, pH and PaCO2 (radiometer Copenhagen ABL 300 Acid-Base Laboratory), in two similar HD-sessions for each patient (12 patients, 24 HD-sessions). The percentage (%) of body weight gain in the interdialytic period was also estimated. For each patient, the mean value of parameters studied in the two HD-sessions was used for the evaluation of findings. According to mean values (±SD) of HCO3-, pH and PaCO2 Pre-HD (18.26±1.99 mmol/L, 7.31±0.03, 36.27±2.5 mmHg respectively) and post-HD (26.37±1.7, 7.43±0.03, 38.43±2.10 respectively) patients are acidotic pre-HD and slightly alkalemic post-HD. Correlation between the percentage (%) of interdialytic body weight gain (IBWG) and the values of HCO3-, pH and PaCO2, Pre-HD (r=-0.814, p <0.001; r=-0.931, p <0.001; r=0,100 NS; respectively) and post-HD (r=-0.958, p <0.001; r=-0.937, p <0.001; r=-0.504 NS; respectively) indicates a significant and negative relationship of IBWG% with HCO3- and pH pre- and post-HD, but not with PCO2. In conclusion, the negative relationship of IBWG% with HCO3- and pH pre- and post-HD indicates that the body fluid expansion during the interdialytic period contributes to a dilutional acidosis pre-HD, but not to a contraction alkalosis post-HD, by the elimination of fluid during the HD-session.
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Scarabino, Daniela, Liana Veneziano, Elide Mantuano, Ivan Arisi, Alessia Fiore, Marina Frontali, and Rosa Maria Corbo. "Leukocyte Telomere Length as Potential Biomarker of HD Progression: A Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 13449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113449.

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The identification of biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington’s disease (HD) is crucial for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic trial outcomes, especially in the pre-manifest disease stage (pre-HD). In a previous study, we observed that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was strongly correlated with the estimated time to clinical onset in pre-HD subjects. To validate this hypothesis, we designed a follow-up study in which we analyzed LTL in 45 pre-HD stage subjects at baseline (T0) and then again after clinical onset at follow-up (T1); the follow-up interval was about 3 years, and the CAG range was 39–51 repeats; 90 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (PBMCs) were obtained from the Enroll-HD biorepository. In pre-HD subjects at T0, LTL was significantly reduced by 22% compared to the controls and by 14% from T0 at T1. No relationship was observed between the LTL and CAG numbers in subjects carrying different CAG repeats at T0 and at T1, suggesting that LTL reduction occurs independently of CAG number in pre-HD subjects. ROC curve analysis was used to test the validity of LTL as a potential biomarker of HD progression and showed that LTL measurement is extremely accurate in discriminating pre-HD subjects from the controls and even pre-HD from manifest HD, thus yielding a robust prognostic value in pre-HD subjects.
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Zhang, Hanjie, Priscila Preciado, Yuedong Wang, Anna Meyring-Wosten, Jochen G. Raimann, Jeroen P. Kooman, Frank M. van der Sande, et al. "Association of all-cause mortality with pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure and its peridialytic change in chronic hemodialysis patients." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, no. 9 (January 31, 2020): 1602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz289.

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Abstract Background Pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (pre-HD SBP) and peridialytic SBP change have been associated with morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis (HD) patients in previous studies, but the nature of their interaction is not well understood. Methods We analyzed pre-HD SBP and peridialytic SBP change (calculated as post-HD SBP minus pre-HD SBP) between January 2001 and December 2012 in HD patients treated in US Fresenius Medical Care facilities. The baseline period was defined as Months 4–6 after HD initiation, and all-cause mortality was noted during follow-up. Only patients who survived baseline and had no missing covariates were included. Censoring events were renal transplantation, modality change or study end. We fitted a Cox proportional hazard model with a bivariate spline functions for the primary predictors (pre-HD SBP and peridialytic SBP change) with adjustment for age, gender, race, diabetes, access-type, relative interdialytic weight gain, body mass index, albumin, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate and ultrafiltration rate. Results A total of 172 199 patients were included. Mean age was 62.1 years, 61.6% were white and 55% were male. During a median follow-up of 25.0 months, 73 529 patients (42.7%) died. We found that a peridialytic SBP rise combined with high pre-HD SBP was associated with higher mortality. In contrast, when concurrent with low pre-HD SBP, a peridialytic SBP rise was associated with better survival. Conclusion The association of pre-HD and peridialytic SBP change with mortality is complex. Our findings call for a joint, not isolated, interpretation of pre-HD SBP and peridialytic SBP change.
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Uzel, Mehmet Murat, Özgür Eroğul, Leyla Eryiğit Eroğul, Ayşe Güzin Taşlıpınar Uzel, Afşin İbiş, and Hamidu Hamisi Gobeka. "Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements in hemodialysis patients: A spectral domain optical coherence tomography study." Health Sciences Quarterly 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26900/hsq.2.1.05.

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Aside from general body fluid fluctuation, hemodialysis (HD) may cause changes in ocular fluid balance, resulting in changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and other ocular parameters. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hemodialysis on the reproducibility of SFCT measured by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Twenty-six HD (26 eyes) patients had their pre- and post-HD SFCT measured, and the results were compared for reproducibility. Following a thorough ophthalmic examination, SD-OCT was performed three times in a row during a single session. The same physician measured SFCT after automatically identifying choroid with a software caliper. Reproducibility parameters, including intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficients of variation (COV), and test-retest variability (TRTV) were then calculated. Males made up 53.85% of the 26 HD patients. There was a significant IOP difference between pre-HD (16.42±3.14 mmHg) and post-HD (14.21±2.78 mmHg) (P<0.001). SFCT decreased significantly from pre-HD 243.50±10.23 μm to post-HD 234.29±9.41 μm (P<0.001). ICC value increased significantly after HD, rising from 0.948 to 0.989 (P<0.001, for all). Pre- and post-HD COV values were 1.6% and 0.65%, respectively. Also, pre- and post-HD TRTV values were 7.864±1.996 μm and 3.074±1.536 μm, respectively. In this study, the reproducibility of SFCT as measured by OCT was lower during pre-HD compared to post-HD. Post-HD SD-OCT assessment appears to improve the reliability of clinical outcomes in the diagnosis and monitoring of HD patients.
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Marsenic, Olivera, Michael Anderson, and Kevin G. Couloures. "Relationship between Interdialytic Weight Gain and Blood Pressure in Pediatric Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5972930.

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Overhydration is reported to be the main cause of hypertension (HTN) as well as to have no association with HTN in hemodialysis (HD) population. This is the first report of the relationship between interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and pre-HD blood pressure (BP) in pediatric patients in relation to residual urine output (RUO). We studied 170 HD sessions and interdialytic periods performed during a 12-week period in 5 patients [age 4–17 years, weight 20.8–66 kg, 3 anuric (102 HD sessions), and 2 nonanuric (68 HD sessions)]. BP is presented as systolic BP index (SBPI) and diastolic BP index (DBPI), calculated as systolic or diastolic BP/95th percentile for age, height, and gender. IDWG did not differ (P>0.05) between anuric and nonanuric pts. There was a positive but not significant correlation between IDWG and both pre-HD SBPI (r=0.833,P=0.080) and pre-HD DBPI (r=0.841,P=0.074). Pre-HD SBPI (1.01±0.12versus1.13±0.18) and DBPI (0.92±0.16versus1.01±0.24) were higher in nonanuric patents (P<0.001andP<0.01, resp.). Pre-HD HTN may not be solely related to IDWG and therapies beyond fluid removal may be needed. Individualized approach to HTN management is necessary in pediatric dialysis population.
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Khunpakdee, Narongrit, Kullapong Jayanama, Piyaporn Kaewdoung, Kwannapa Promson, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Daruneewan Warodomwichit, Surasak Kantachuvesiri, and Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk. "Transient Elastography in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis: The Effect of Net Fluid Withdrawal." Blood Purification 40, no. 3 (2015): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439582.

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Background/Aims: The impact of volume status on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) as measured by transient elastography (TE) as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was unclear. We evaluated LSM before and after hemodialysis (HD) and identified the associated factors if the difference of LSM existed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in ESRD patients on regular HD. Subjects underwent TE and bioelectrical impedance before and after HD. Results: Thirty-six patients were enrolled. Mean (SD) net fluid withdrawal volume (NFWV) per session was 2.55 (0.9) l. Median (range) pre- and post-HD LSMs were 5.38 (2.8-25.7) and 5.4 (2.8-26) kPa, respectively (p = 0.712). Mean differences of pre- and post-HD LSMs correlated with NFWV (r = 0.49, 95% CI 0.19-0.71, p = 0.002). Conclusion: In ESRD on regular HD, LSM is not affected by HD. TE can be done before or after HD with similar results. However, fluid excess at pre-HD can cause inaccurately high LSM.
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Lavrador, Rui, Filipa Júlio, Cristina Januário, Miguel Castelo-Branco, and Gina Caetano. "Classification of Huntington’s Disease Stage with Features Derived from Structural and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050704.

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The purpose of this study was to classify Huntington’s disease (HD) stage using support vector machines and measures derived from T1- and diffusion-weighted imaging. The effects of feature selection approach and combination of imaging modalities are assessed. Fourteen premanifest-HD individuals (Pre-HD; on average > 20 years from estimated disease onset), eleven early-manifest HD (Early-HD) patients, and eighteen healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. We compared three feature selection approaches: (i) whole-brain segmented grey matter (GM; voxel-based measure) or fractional anisotropy (FA) values; (ii) GM or FA values from subcortical regions-of-interest (caudate, putamen, pallidum); and (iii) automated selection of GM or FA values with the algorithm Relief-F. We assessed single- and multi-kernel approaches to classify combined GM and FA measures. Significant classifications were achieved between Early-HD and Pre-HD or HC individuals (accuracy: generally, 85% to 95%), and between Pre-HD and controls for the feature FA of the caudate ROI (74% accuracy). The combination of GM and FA measures did not result in higher performances. We demonstrate evidence on the high sensitivity of FA for the classification of the earliest Pre-HD stages, and successful distinction between HD stages.
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Raj, Dominic S. C., Elizabeth A. Dominic, Robert Wolfe, Vallabh O. Shah, Arthur Bankhurst, Philip G. Zager, and Arny Ferrando. "Coordinated increase in albumin, fibrinogen, and muscle protein synthesis during hemodialysis: role of cytokines." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 286, no. 4 (April 2004): E658—E664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00444.2003.

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Serum albumin, fibrinogen levels, and lean body mass are important predictors of outcome in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We estimated the fractional synthesis rates of albumin (FSR-A), fibrinogen (FSR-F), and muscle protein (FSR-M) in nine ESRD patients and eight controls, using primed constant infusion of l-[ ring-13C6]phenylalanine. Cytokine profile and arteriovenous balance of amino acids were also measured. ESRD patients were studied before (Pre-HD) and during hemodialysis (HD). Plasma IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein increased significantly during HD. Despite a decrease in the delivery of amino acids to the leg, the outflow of the amino acids increased during HD. The net balance of amino acids became more negative during HD, indicating release from the muscle. HD increased leg muscle protein synthesis (45%) and catabolism (108%) but decreased whole body proteolysis (15%). FSR-A during HD (9.7 ± 0.9%/day) was higher than pre-HD (6.5 ± 0.9%/day) and controls (5.8 ± 0.5%/day, P < 0.01). FSR-F increased during HD (19.7 ± 2.6%/day vs. 11.8 ± 0.6%/day, P < 0.01), but it was not significantly different from that of controls (14.4 ± 1.4%/day). FSR-M intradialysis (1.77 ± 0.19%/day) was higher than pre-HD (1.21 ± 0.25%/day) and controls (1.30 ± 0.32%/day, P < 0.001). Pre-HD FSR-A, FSR-F, and FSR-M values were comparable to those of controls. There was a significant and positive correlation between plasma IL-6 and the FSRs. Thus, in ESRD patients without metabolic acidosis, the fractional synthesis rates of albumin, fibrinogen, and muscle protein are not decreased pre-HD. However, HD increases the synthesis of albumin, fibrinogen, and muscle protein. The coordinated increase in the FSRs is facilitated by constant delivery of amino acids derived from the muscle catabolism and intradialytic increase in IL-6.
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PIROGOVSKY, EVA, JODY GOLDSTEIN, GUERRY PEAVY, MARK W. JACOBSON, JODY COREY-BLOOM, and PAUL E. GILBERT. "Temporal order memory deficits prior to clinical diagnosis in Huntington’s disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, no. 5 (September 2009): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709990427.

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AbstractThe current study examined temporal order memory in preclinical Huntington’s disease (pre-HD). Participants were separated into less than 5 years (pre-HD near) and more than 5 years (pre-HD far) from estimated age of clinical diagnosis. Participants completed a temporal order memory task on a computerized radial eight-arm maze. On the study phase of each trial, participants viewed a random sequence of circles appearing one at a time at the end of each arm. On the choice phase, participants viewed two circles at the end of the study phase arms and chose the circle occurring earliest in the sequence. The task involved manipulations of the temporal lag, defined as the number of arms occurring in the sample phase sequence between the two choice phase arms. Research suggests that there is more interference for temporally proximal stimuli relative to temporally distal stimuli. There were no significant differences between the pre-HD far group and controls on the temporal order memory task. The pre-HD near group demonstrated significant impairments relative to the other groups on closer temporal lags, but were normal on the furthest temporal lag. Therefore, temporal order memory declines with increased temporal interference in pre-HD close to estimated diagnosis of HD. (JINS, 2009, 15, 662–670.)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre-HD"

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Cauley, P. Wilson, Seth Redfield, Adam G. Jensen, and Travis Barman. "VARIATION IN THE PRE-TRANSIT BALMER LINE SIGNAL AROUND THE HOT JUPITER HD 189733B." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621234.

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As followup to our recent detection of a pre-transit signal around HD 189733 b, we obtained full pre-transit phase coverage of a single planetary transit. The pre-transit signal is again detected in the Balmer lines but with variable strength and timing, suggesting that the bow shock geometry reported in our previous work does not describe the signal from the latest transit. We also demonstrate the use of the Ca II H and K residual core flux as a proxy for the stellar activity level throughout the transit. A moderate trend is found between the pre-transit absorption signal in the 2013 data and the Ca II H flux. This suggests that some of the 2013 pre-transit hydrogen absorption can be attributed to varying stellar activity levels. A very weak correlation is found between the Ca II H core flux and the Balmer line absorption in the 2015 transit, hinting at a smaller contribution from stellar activity compared to the 2013 transit. We simulate how varying stellar activity levels can produce changes in the Balmer line transmission spectra. These simulations show that the strength of the 2013 and 2015 pre-transit signals can be reproduced by stellar variability. If the pre-transit signature is attributed to circumplanetary material, its evolution in time can be described by accretion clumps spiraling toward the star, although this interpretation has serious limitations. Further high-cadence monitoring at H alpha is necessary to distinguish between true absorption by transiting material and short-term variations in the stellar activity level.
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Min, M., J. Bouwman, C. Dominik, L. B. F. M. Waters, K. M. Pontoppidan, S. Hony, G. D. Mulders, et al. "The abundance and thermal history of water ice in the disk surrounding HD 142527 from the DIGIT Herschel Key Program." EDP SCIENCES S A, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622159.

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Context. The presence or absence of ice in protoplanetary disks is of great importance to the formation of planets. By enhancing solid surface density and increasing sticking efficiency, ice catalyzes the rapid formation of planetesimals and decreases the timescale of giant planet core accretion. Aims. In this paper, we analyze the composition of the outer disk around the Herbig star HD 142527. We focus on the composition of water ice, but also analyze the abundances of previously proposed minerals. Methods. We present new Herschel far-infrared spectra and a re-reduction of archival data from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). We modeled the disk using full 3D radiative transfer to obtain the disk structure. Also, we used an optically thin analysis of the outer disk spectrum to obtain firm constraints on the composition of the dust component. Results. The water ice in the disk around HD 142527 contains a large reservoir of crystalline water ice. We determine the local abundance of water ice in the outer disk (i.e., beyond 130AU). The re-reduced ISO spectrum differs significantly from that previously published, but matches the new Herschel spectrum at their common wavelength range. In particular, we do not detect any significant contribution from carbonates or hydrous silicates, in contrast to earlier claims. Conclusions. The amount of water ice detected in the outer disk requires similar to 80% of oxygen atoms. This is comparable to the water ice abundance in the outer solar system, comets, and dense interstellar clouds. The water ice is highly crystalline while the temperatures where we detect it are too low to crystallize the water on relevant timescales. We discuss the implications of this finding.
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Jordánek, Tomáš. "Prostorovo-časová analýza HD-EEG dat u pacientů s neurodegenerativním onemocněním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442499.

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This master’s thesis deals with diagnostics of prodromal stage of Lewy body disease using microstate analysis. First part of the thesis includes theoretical background which is needed for understanding discussed topics and presented results. This part consists of description of the disease, diagnostic options, electroencephalography, pre-processing of the EEG record and the microstate analysis process. Theoretical background is followed by a practical part of the thesis. In the beginning, there is a chapter about a dataset, used EEG device, and own solution of the pre-processing. Microstate analysis is discussed next, its output parameters were compared between groups with statistical methods. Comparison of the subjects in prodromal stage of Lewy body disease and healthy controls brought significant differences in three parameters of microstates, in rate of unlabelled time frames and also for some counts of transitions between each map or unlabelled sections. Comparison of the subjects in prodromal stage of Lewy body disease and healthy controls brought significant differences in three parameters of microstates, in rate of unlabelled time frames and also for some counts of transitions between each map or unlabelled sections.
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Mawet, Dimitri, Élodie Choquet, Olivier Absil, Elsa Huby, Michael Bottom, Eugene Serabyn, Bruno Femenia, et al. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INNER DISK AROUND HD 141569 A FROM KECK/NIRC2 L-BAND VORTEX CORONAGRAPHY." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625206.

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HD 141569 A is a pre-main sequence B9.5 Ve star surrounded by a prominent and complex circumstellar disk, likely still in a transition stage from protoplanetary to debris disk phase. Here, we present a new image of the third inner disk component of HD 141569 A made in the L' band (3.8 mu m) during the commissioning of the vector vortex coronagraph that has recently been installed in the near-infrared imager and spectrograph NIRC2 behind the W.M. Keck Observatory Keck II adaptive optics system. We used reference point-spread function subtraction, which reveals the innermost disk component from the inner working distance of similar or equal to 23 au and up to similar or equal to 70 au. The spatial scale of our detection roughly corresponds to the optical and near-infrared scattered light, thermal Q, N, and 8.6 mu m PAH emission reported earlier. We also see an outward progression in dust location from the L' band to the H band (Very Large Telescope/SPHERE image) to the visible (Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS image), which is likely indicative of dust blowout. The warm disk component is nested deep inside the two outer belts imaged by HST-NICMOS in 1999 (at 406 and 245 au, respectively). We fit our new L'-band image and spectral energy distribution of HD 141569 A with the radiative transfer code MCFOST. Our best-fit models favor pure olivine grains and are consistent with the composition of the outer belts. While our image shows a putative very faint point-like clump or source embedded in the inner disk, we did not detect any true companion within the gap between the inner disk and the first outer ring, at a sensitivity of a few Jupiter masses.
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Holschuch, Solange Garcia. "Impacto do método de pastejo sobre o acúmulo de forragem, estrutura do dossel e respostas morfofisiológicas da Brachiaria híbrida Convert HD 364." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17072018-113203/.

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Apesar de muitos estudos dos diferentes métodos de lotação, a definição de estratégias de manejo eficientes geralmente é embasada em respostas de experimentos realizados com cada método individualmente, e não com ambos impostos sob uma mesma base de comparação. Com o objetivo de fundamentar os argumentos existentes, este estudo avaliou os impactos dos métodos de lotação contínua e intermitente impostos sob duas metas de alturas médias em pastagem de capim Convert HD 364, com avaliações da estrutura e das características morfofisiologicas do dossel, assim como do acúmulo (AF) e taxa de acúmulo (TAF) de forragem durante o verão agrótológico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições, seguindo um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 entre duas metas de altura média de dossel (20 e 30 cm) e três métodos de lotação: 1) lotação contínua (LC) mimetizada, com taxa de lotação variável; 2) lotação intermitente (i.e., pastejo rotativo) com desfolhação leniente (remoção de ~ 40% da altura de dossel no pré-pastejo) (LIDL); e 3) lotação intermitente (i.e., pastejo rotativo) com desfolhação severa (remoção de ~ 60% da altura de dossel no pré-pastejo) (LIDS), respectivamente impostos por amplitudes de ±10, 25 e 40% entorno das metas de altura média de dossel, totalizando 18 unidades experimentais (piquetes) de 200 m2. Pastos manejados sob LC apresentaram maior AF e TAF (7410 kg MS ha-1 e 87 kg MS ha-1 dia-1, respectivamente). A interceptação de luz pelo dossel foi maior nos pastos sob LC (97%) do que naqueles sob LIDL e LIDS (93,7%) quando comparados nas metas de altura média do dossel (20 e 30 cm). No entanto, em pré-pastejo, os pastos sob LIDL e LIDS apresentaram 99% de interceptação de luz pelo dossel. Alterações com o mesmo padrão de respostas foram registradas para as proporções dos componentes da massa de forragem e índice de área foliar (IAF), com incremento significativo das proporções de lâmina foliar e colmos, assim como do IAF, e redução das proporções de material morto à medida que os pastos eram manejados sob menor intensidade em lotação contínua, ou havia o incremento da altura de pré-pastejo em lotação intermitente. Os métodos de lotação e as respectivas metas de altura não afetaram a taxa de fotossíntese de folhas individuais, mas a maior fotossíntese do dossel (69,35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) foi obtida nos pastos manejados sob LIDS com meta de altura média de 30 cm. Os pastos manejados sob LC apresentaram taxas de fotossíntese do dossel constantes (47 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), o que resultou em maiores TAF e AF dentre os métodos de lotação estudados.
In spite of the great number of studies evaluating plant responses to different stocking methods, the definition of more efficient management strategies is generally based on the results of studies evaluating each stocking method separately. With the purpose of substantiating existing arguments, the present study evaluated the impacts of three stocking methods (1 - mimicked continuous stocking with variable stocking rate - CS; 2 - rotational stocking with lenient defoliation - removal of ~40% of pre-grazing canopy height - RSLD; 3 - rotational stocking with severe defoliation - removal of ~60% of pre-grazing canopy height - RSSD, respectively imposed by ±10, 25 and 40% variations) combined in a factorial arrangement with two mean canopy heights (20 and 30 cm) of Mulato II brachiariagrass, on canopy structure, morphophysiological characteristics, forage accumulation (FA) and forage accumulation rate (FAR) during the summer growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, totaling 18 experimental units (paddocks) of 200 m2. Paddocks in CS treatments presented greater FA and FAR (7410 kg DM ha-1 and 87 kg DM ha-1 d-1, respectively). Canopy light interception was greater for paddocks in CS (97%) than for those in RSLD and RSSD (93.7%) for the two mean canopy heights. However, at pre-grazing, paddocks under RSLD and RSSD presented 99% of canopy light interception. The same response pattern was observed for forage mass composition and for leaf area index (LAI), with significant increases in the proportions of leaves and stems, as well as in LAI, and decreases in the proportions of dead material, as the grazing intensity decreased in CS, or as the pre-grazing height increased in the rotational stocking treatments. Neither the stocking methods, nor the mean canopy heights affected the photosynthesis rates of individual leaves, but the greatest canopy photosynthesis (69.35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was obtained in paddocks under RSSD with mean canopy heights of 30 cm. Paddocks in CS presented constant canopy photosynthesis rates (47 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), what lead to the greatest FAR and FA among the investigated stocking methods.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pre-HD"

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R Dutra, Juliana, Tanya P Garcia, and Karen Marder. "Huntington’s disease." In Oxford Textbook of Neurologic and Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology, edited by Carol Brayne, Valery L. Feigin, Lenore J. Launer, and Giancarlo Logroscino, 83–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749493.003.0010.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder caused by an unstable expansion in the cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene. The disease onsets gradually over many years and its symptoms include extrapyramidal movement disorder, cognitive impairment, and behavioural changes. Understanding the overall progression of HD is critical to designing clinical trials with possible disease modifying agents. Research in this area has exploded in the past two decades, as different multicentre studies have evaluated both clinical and biological measures in individuals at different stages of the disease (i.e. at-risk for the genetic mutation, pre-manifest, and manifest HD). In this chapter, we provide readers with a current understanding of HD progression. This includes an overview of the current standard for how HD is clinically evaluated, descriptive epidemiology of the disease, genetics of HD, and a review of potential disease modifiers.
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E. Khrulev, Alexey, Irina V. Belova, Irina V. Soloveva, Anna G. Tochilina, Natalya A. Shiyanova, Anastasiya A. Nikitina, and Natalya S. Khruleva. "Specific Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, Colon Microbiocenosis and Its Correction in Patients Receiving Long-Term Programmed Hemodialysis." In Multidisciplinary Experiences in Renal Replacement Therapy. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101300.

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Introduction: The problem of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders in dialysis patients remains the most urgent. Risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases in CKD and dialysis patients can be conditionally divided into “traditional” (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia) and “specific” (associated with renal pathology and dialysis procedures). The spectrum of specific factors of cerebrovascular risk in patients with dialysis stage of the CKD includes specific dialysis factors that form during programmed HD, as well as impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism and calcification of the arterial microvasculature, increased blood levels of β2-microglobulin, homocysteine, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, a decrease in the level of nitric oxide (II) metabolites, development of nephrogenic anemia and dysfunction of blood cells, malnutrition and dietary features of patients with renal pathology, accumulation of uremic toxins and toxins of intestinal bacteria, etc. Opportunistic gut microorganisms can produce uremic toxins, which are associated with an increased risk of inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Description of the spectrum of risk factors for cerebrovascular pathology in dialysis patients and effective control over them seems to be an effective strategy aimed at increasing the duration and quality of life in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. The aim of the investigation was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in patients with CKD receiving programmed HD treatment and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and methods: Samples of colon microbiota from 62 patients undergoing programmed hemodialysis were studied before and after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, in particular, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. Isolation of microorganisms was carried out according to our original method; for bacteria identification, a MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik, Germany) was used in the Biotyper program mode. The results were assessed using the criteria proposed by the authors and based on the OST 91500.11.0004-2003. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results: In patients receiving programmed hemodialysis (before the start of the diet therapy), chronic moderate inflammation and azotemia were found. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all the examined patients; in the absence or suppression of lacto- and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Collinsella spp., Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased, which was consistent with the theory of functional redundancy of gut microbiota. From the answers to the questionnaires, a decrease in the quality of life was found (up to 70 points out of 100) according to six of the eight scales used. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient. There was a significant decrease in CRP and ESR in these patients and an improvement in the quality of life by criteria reflecting physical health. Conclusion: Acute/chronic CVD in patients with CKD of the pre-dialysis and dialysis periods are the most frequent and formidable complications. The spectrum of “traditional” and “specific” CV risk factors in dialysis patients will be described in the chapter. Special attention will be paid to the intestinal microbiota and opportunistic intestinal microorganisms. The aim was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in HD patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and Methods. Samples of colon microbiota from 62 HD patients were studied before/after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer was used in the Biotyper program mode. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all patients; in the absence/suppression of lacto-and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp.,Clostridium spp.,Collinsella spp.,Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pre-HD"

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Zaharia, Corneliu, Petronel Bigioi, and Peter M. Corcoran. "Hybrid video-frame pre-processing architecture for HD-video." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.2011.5722927.

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Rylance, P. B., M. P. Gordge, N. J. Dood, and M. J. Weston. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR ANTIGEN (vWFAg) AS AN ENDOTHELIAL MARKER DURING HAEMODIALYSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643345.

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It has been suggested that platelet activation during haemodialysis (HD) is associated with damage to the endothelium which might contribute to increased atheroma seen in HD patients. We have therefore measured vWFAg (by radial immunodiffusion) as an endothelial marker during HD and B-thromboglobulin (BTG) (by RIA) as a marker of platelet activation with various anticoagulant regimes: unfractionated heparin (UFH) (Leo), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (Choay CY 216), regional citrate anticoagulation, prostacyclin (PGI2) (5ng/kg/min) and the combination of PGI2 + UFH.Platelet activation occurred (as shown by a progressive rise of BTG) during HD with UFH, LMWH and citrate, but not with PGI2 or PGI2 + UFH. Pre-dialysis vWFAg levels were elevated in HD patients (2.37 ± 1.16 (SD) U/ml) compared with healthy controls (1.15 ±0.34 U/ml, p<0.001). Plasma concentrations of vWFAg increased during HD with UFH (26 ± 13* rise after 120 mins, p<0.001), but not during HD with LMWH, citrate, PGI2 or PGI2 + UFH. UFH infusion without HD did not result in vWFAg rise nor did UFH or IMWH interfere in vitro with the vWFAg assay. Thus PGI2 prevented both platelet activation and release of vWFAg. With IMWH and citrate there was no increase of vWFAg despite evidence of platelet activation.Elevated pre - dialysis vWFAg concentrations in HD patients may reflect chronic endothelial injury or alternatively may be due to impaired clearance of vWFAg in uraemia. The results obtained during HD suggest that vWFAg release occurred only in the presence of both platelet activation and high molecular weight heparin chains. Whether the release of vWFAg reflects disruption and damage to the endothelium or stimulation and displacement of vWFAg remains uncertain.
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Abohtyra, Rammah M., and Y. Chait. "New Algorithm to Design Real Time Optimal and Robust Ultrafiltration Rates in Chronic Kidney Disease to Prevent Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9172.

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Hemodialysis (HD) is a necessary treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients in order to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that may be related to the hemodynamic effects of rapid ultrafiltration. Despite significant advances in HD technology, only half of ESKD patients treated with HD survive more than 3 years. Fluid management remains one of the most challenging aspects of HD care, with serious implications for morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we develop a novel algorithm to design real time optimal, robust ultrafiltration rates based on actual HD data to identifying the parameters of a fluid volume model of an individual patient during HD. Our design achieves, if exists, an optimal ultrafiltration profile for the identified nominal model under maximum ultrafiltration and hematocrit constraints and guarantees that these constraints are satisfied over a pre-defined set of parameter uncertainty. We demonstrate the robust performance of our algorithm through a combination of clinical data and simulations.
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Cheng, E., P. Burton, J. Burton, A. Joseski, and I. Burnett. "RMIT3DV: Pre-announcement of a creative commons uncompressed HD 3D video database." In 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qomex.2012.6263873.

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Labadie, Lucas, Alexis Matter, Alexander Kreplin, Bruno Lopez, Sebastian Wolf, Gerd Weigelt, Steve Ertel, Jean-Philippe Berger, Jorg-Uwe Pott, and William C. Danchi. "HD 139614: the interferometric case for a group-Ib pre-transitional young disk." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Jayadev K. Rajagopal, Michelle J. Creech-Eakman, and Fabien Malbet. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2055353.

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Kuhlbrodt, Kirsten, Barbara Baldo, Wolfgang Reindl, Nikisha Carty, Karsten Tillack, Nadege Berson, Volker Mack, et al. "D06 Quantitative assays to monitor huntingtin changes in pre-clinical and clinical hd samples." In EHDN 2018 Plenary Meeting, Vienna, Austria, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-ehdn.88.

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Abohtyra, Rammah M., C. V. Hollot, J. Horowitz, M. G. Germain, and Y. Chait. "Designing Robust Ultrafiltration Rate Profiles Based on Identifying Fluid Volume Model Parameters During Hemodialysis." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5341.

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Chronic dialysis is a necessary treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients in order to increase life span, with hemodialysis (HD) being the dominant modality. Despite significant advances in HD technology, only half of ESKD patients treated with this modality survive more than 3 years. Fluid management remains one of the most challenging aspects of HD care, with serious implications for morbidity and mortality. Ultrafiltration has been associated with intradialytic hypotension, also associated with adverse outcomes. Therefore, removing a specified fluid volume to achieve an adequate balance without negative outcomes remains a critical challenge to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, it has been suggested that in addition to blood pressure information, routine HD treatments should include blood volume monitoring. Sensors integrated in dialysis machines are able to track the concentration of various blood components, such as hematocrit, with high accuracy and resolution and to derive a relative blood volume (RBV) changes. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to design an optimal, robust ultrafiltration rate profile based on identifying the parameters of a fluid volume model of an individual patient during HD and RBV sensor. Our design achieves, if exists, an optimal ultrafiltration profile for the identified nominal model under maximum ultrafiltration and hematocrit constraints, and guarantees that these constraints are satisfied over a pre-defined set of parameter uncertainty. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm through a combination of clinical data and simulations.
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Shishegar, Rosita, Sudeshna Rajapakse, and Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis. "Altered Cortical Morphometry in Pre-manifest Huntington’s Disease: Cross-sectional Data from the IMAGE-HD Study." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857240.

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Benajes, Jesús, Santiago Molina, and José M. García. "Influence of Pre- and Post-Injection on the Performance and Pollutant Emissions in a HD Diesel Engine." In SAE 2001 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0526.

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Pepe, Giuseppe, Luca Capocci, Federico Marracino, Sam J. Moons, Aynur Sönmez, Karolina Świtońska-Kurkowska, Pamela Scarselli, et al. "I19 The defective metabolism of polysialic acid (polysia) may represent an effective therapeutic target in hd pre-clinical models." In EHDN 2022 Plenary Meeting, Bologna, Italy, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-ehdn.245.

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