Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pre-existing vulnerabilities

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-existing vulnerabilities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-existing vulnerabilities"

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van Zuiden, Mirjam, Annemieke Kavelaars, Elbert Geuze, Miranda Olff, and Cobi J. Heijnen. "Predicting PTSD: Pre-existing vulnerabilities in glucocorticoid-signaling and implications for preventive interventions." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 30 (May 2013): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.015.

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Cabin, William. "Pre-Existing Inequality: The Impact of COVID-19 on Medicare Home Health Beneficiaries." Home Health Care Management & Practice 33, no. 2 (2021): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822321992380.

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There is significant data on the adverse impact of COVID-19 on persons who were poor, minorities, had compromised physical or mental health, or other vulnerabilities prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant portion of the overall Medicare population has such vulnerabilities. The Medicare home health beneficiary population is even more vulnerable than the overall Medicare population based on gender, race, income level, living alone status, and number of chronic conditions. A literature review indicates there is only 1 study on the impact of COVID-19 in Medicare home health on home care wor
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Zhang, Jie, Gehao Lu, and Jia Yu. "A Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Method Based on Heterogeneous Contract Semantic Graphs and Pre-Training Techniques." Electronics 13, no. 18 (2024): 3786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183786.

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The use of smart contracts in areas such as finance, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things has significantly advanced blockchain technology. However, once deployed on the blockchain, smart contracts cannot be modified or revoked. Any vulnerabilities can lead to severe economic losses and data breaches, making pre-deployment vulnerability detection critically important. Traditional smart contract vulnerability detection methods suffer from low accuracy and limited reusability across different scenarios. To enhance detection capabilities, this paper proposes a smart contract vulner
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Schweizerhof, Margarete, Zechser Adrian, and Artur Mueller. "Effects of the measures to contain the Covid-19 pandemic on pre-existing mental vulnerabilities and disorders." SCENTIA International Economic Review 1, no. 2 (2022): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52514/sier.v1i2.25.

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This article deals with the following question: "What is the impact of certain pandemic control measures on patient groups with specific mental illnesses, and what are the economic effects on public health?"
 For this purpose, 103 patients of psychotherapeutic practice in Germany in the periods before, during and at the current time (April, May 2021) were asked in a twenty-minute survey to indicate the development of their psychiatric symptoms concerning individual measures to combat the pandemic and concerning the general pandemic situation. The collected data were divided into specific
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Sekalala, Sharifah, Katrina Perehudoff, Michael Parker, Lisa Forman, Belinda Rawson, and Maxwell Smith. "An intersectional human rights approach to prioritising access to COVID-19 vaccines." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 2 (2021): e004462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004462.

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We finally have a vaccine for the COVID-19 crisis. However, due to the limited numbers of the vaccine, states will have to consider how to prioritise groups who receive the vaccine. In this paper, we argue that the practical implementation of human rights law requires broader consideration of intersectional needs in society and the disproportionate impact that COVID-19 is having on population groups with pre-existing social and medical vulnerabilities. The existing frameworks/mechanisms and proposals for COVID-19 vaccine allocation have shortcomings from a human rights perspective that could b
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Kuz, Antonieta. "Educational technological inequalities expressed during confinement by COVID19." EDMETIC 11, no. 2 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/edmetic.v11i2.13657.

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In Argentina, in March 2020, face-to-face classes were suspended to prevent the spread of the covid-19 with a prolonged quarantine. The design of this work seeks to know some of the factors that operate at the origin of pre-existing technological inequalities. The information was obtained through a quantitative design with 290 students during the year 2020 in Buenos Aires combined non-experimental with descriptive scope, exploratory in nature through interviews with 3 teachers. Combining both analyses we found relevant findings on socio-educational inequalities, with an emphasis on the interpr
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Cetin, Ronay, Eva Quandt, and Manuel Kaulich. "Functional Genomics Approaches to Elucidate Vulnerabilities of Intrinsic and Acquired Chemotherapy Resistance." Cells 10, no. 2 (2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020260.

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Drug resistance is a commonly unavoidable consequence of cancer treatment that results in therapy failure and disease relapse. Intrinsic (pre-existing) or acquired resistance mechanisms can be drug-specific or be applicable to multiple drugs, resulting in multidrug resistance. The presence of drug resistance is, however, tightly coupled to changes in cellular homeostasis, which can lead to resistance-coupled vulnerabilities. Unbiased gene perturbations through RNAi and CRISPR technologies are invaluable tools to establish genotype-to-phenotype relationships at the genome scale. Moreover, their
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Armingeon, Klaus, Caroline de la Porte, Elke Heins, and Stefano Sacchi. "Voices from the past: economic and political vulnerabilities in the making of next generation EU." Comparative European Politics 20, no. 2 (2022): 144–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41295-022-00277-6.

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AbstractIn this article, we show that Next Generation EU (NGEU) is mainly a response to the economic and political imbalances left over from the Eurozone crisis. It is a pre-emptive intervention, especially targeted at structurally weak economies with rising Euroscepticism, to avoid costly ex-post bailouts as in the Great Recession. We demonstrate, using quantitative analysis, that pre-existing vulnerabilities, rather than the impact of the pandemic, drove the allocation of NGEU resources: per capita grants largely correspond to past economic vulnerabilities, as well as to political ones. Coun
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Lewis, Stephanie J., Karestan C. Koenen, Antony Ambler, et al. "Unravelling the contribution of complex trauma to psychopathology and cognitive deficits: a cohort study." British Journal of Psychiatry 219, no. 2 (2021): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2021.57.

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BackgroundComplex traumas are traumatic experiences that involve multiple interpersonal threats during childhood or adolescence, such as repeated abuse. These traumas are hypothesised to cause more severe psychopathology and poorer cognitive function than other non-complex traumas. However, empirical testing has been limited to clinical/convenience samples and cross-sectional designs.AimsTo investigate psychopathology and cognitive function in young people exposed to complex, non-complex or no trauma, from a population-representative longitudinal cohort, and to consider the role of pre-existin
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Meyers, Benjamin S., Sultan Fahad Almassari, Brandon N. Keller, and Andrew Meneely. "Examining Penetration Tester Behavior in the Collegiate Penetration Testing Competition." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 31, no. 3 (2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514040.

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Penetration testing is a key practice toward engineering secure software. Malicious actors have many tactics at their disposal, and software engineers need to know what tactics attackers will prioritize in the first few hours of an attack. Projects like MITRE ATT&CK™ provide knowledge, but how do people actually deploy this knowledge in real situations? A penetration testing competition provides a realistic, controlled environment with which to measure and compare the efficacy of attackers. In this work, we examine the details of vulnerability discovery and attacker behavior with the goal
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre-existing vulnerabilities"

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Luca, Lisa De. "The Development of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence: The Role of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Risk Factors." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1275911.

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The present dissertation aims to improve our knowledge on the longitudinal development of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) and the role of interpersonal and intrapersonal risk factors associated with it. Non-Suicidal Self-injury (NSSI), defined as the direct and deliberate self-inflicted damage of body tissue without suicidal intent, is a serious public health concern worldwide (Kiekens et al., 2018). Adolescents are the most at-risk group, given that the transition into adolescence may represent a critical vulnerability period for the onset of NSSI behaviors (Lloyd-Richardson, 2008). This phen
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Books on the topic "Pre-existing vulnerabilities"

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Hopkins, Ramona O., and James C. Jackson. Neurocognitive impairment after critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0382.

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More than 5 million individuals are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in North America annually. Due to improvements in treatment, increasing numbers of these individuals survive and go on to develop long-term neurocognitive impairment in a variety of cognitive domains. As evidence from over two dozen studies demonstrates, neurocognitive impairment occurs in up to two-thirds of individuals. While it may be particularly common in those with pre-existing vulnerabilities, even patients who are young with robust health prior to critical illness are at risk of post-ICU neurocognitive impairme
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Book chapters on the topic "Pre-existing vulnerabilities"

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Curnow, David. "Pre-existing Vulnerabilities." In The Psychology of Embezzlement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74439-7_3.

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Brito, Luciana, and Ilana Ambrogi. "Dimensions of Vulnerability." In Public Health Ethics Analysis. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41804-4_8.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a public health emergency on a global scale, impacting all nations and peoples. As previous health emergencies demonstrated, even when the infectious agent is nonselective, people and contexts are affected differently. Frequently these differences are not due to individual characteristics but to precarious contexts that became even less safe during emergencies, and exacerbate inequalities. An unknown disease that affects the world in a rapid manner brings many challenges. These range from an initial lack of knowledge about the biological effects of the vi
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Osei-Boateng, Clara, and Zjos Vlaminck. "Ghana." In EADI Global Development Series. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58588-3_4.

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AbstractGhana’s Covid-19 experience and responses to the same are situated in a pre-existing macroeconomic structure of debt distress, high unemployment, and a high informal sector. In addition, geographical, gender and generational inequalities, and vulnerabilities determined how people experienced the pandemic. The chapter examined Ghana's Covid-19 responses with a particular focus on three social groups, namely Chorkor community residents and migrant head porters in Accra and market traders in Bolgatanga. The analysis highlights the ambivalences and ambiguities of Covid-19 measures and the
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Molnar, Petra. "Territorial and Digital Borders and Migrant Vulnerability Under a Pandemic Crisis." In Migration and Pandemics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_3.

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AbstractPeople on the move are often left out of conversations around technological development and become guinea pigs for testing new surveillance tools before bringing them to the wider population. These experiments range from big data predictions about population movements in humanitarian crises to automated decision-making in immigration and refugee applications to AI lie detectors at European airports. The Covid-19 pandemic has seen an increase of technological solutions presented as viable ways to stop its spread. Governments’ move toward biosurveillance has increased tracking, automated
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Kandilige, Leander, and Geraldine Asiwome Ampah. "Gaps in Protection for West African Migrants in Times of Crisis: The Role of a Multi-Stakeholder Platform Within a Partnership in Preparedness Model?" In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_7.

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AbstractThis quasi-theoretical chapter examines the peculiar protection vulnerabilities that face voluntary migrants in times of crises in destination countries. It argues that while protection regimes broadly exist for involuntary migrants (i.e. refugees, asylum seekers and stateless persons) within the ambit of intergovernmental/international organisations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Red Cross Society or even the International Organisation for Migration, there is a yawning gap in national protection mechanisms for voluntary migrants in destination
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Rawlins, Jonty, and Felix Kanungwe Kalaba. "Adaptation to Climate Change: Opportunities and Challenges from Zambia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_167.

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AbstractContext appropriate adaptation interventions and strategies that respond directly to localized climate change stressors, hazards, and vulnerabilities are critical for the sustainable development of countries like Zambia. This chapter examines both localized and systemic climate change risk pathways and barriers to adaptation action in Zambia.A three-staged methodology was applied, combining content analysis, focus group discussions, and expert interviews. Livelihood diversification was identified as the central adaptation option across Zambia, despite little empirical research detailin
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Moore, Daniel. "Charting Intangible Warfare." In Offensive Cyber Operations. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197657553.003.0003.

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Abstract Cyber operations as observed today are an evolution of pre-existing aspects of modern warfare. The child of signals intelligence and electronic warfare, offensive cyber operations represent the increasing importance of targeting information systems and networks in pursuit of military objectives. The explosive rise of computing power, interconnected military and civilian networks, and the insatiable hunger of the modern military for sensory inputs all created new vulnerabilities. This chapter dissects how cyber is not an altogether new phenomenon, but rather the latest iteration of cou
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Granello, Darcy Haag, Paul F. Granello, and Gerald A. Juhnke. "Suicide in Context." In Suicide and Self-Injury in Schools. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190059842.003.0003.

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Abstract There are multiple pathways that young people can take that might lead to a suicide attempt or suicide death. Typically, a complicated interplay of biological, psychological, and social reasons, including pre-existing vulnerabilities, all contribute to individual risk. The student’s environment, including family life, adverse childhood experiences, and other traumas, also plays a role in suicide risk. In the aftermath of a student suicide, it might be tempting to look for a single reason or answer that helps suicide loss survivors as they struggle to make sense of the loss. Ultimately
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Palm, Selina, and Richard Smith. "Case study: Safe at home? Exploring intersecting vulnerabilities under COVID-19 and the role of faith actors in the South African context." In COVID-19 and Social Determinants of Health, edited by Adrian Bonner. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447364948.003.0009.

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South Africa has some of the highest rates of gender-based violence and femicide in the world (WHO, 2018). COVID-19 is seen to be compounding pre-existing vulnerabilities globally and making visible a broader landscape of inequalities which interact in new ways. South Africa’s civil society organisational network forms an important asset in relation to the twin pandemics. A history of collaboration under apartheid and HIV/AIDS provides resources on which to draw, especially in the light of state systems mired in corruption and inefficiency. Civil society offers important resources for COVID-19
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Jones, Rebet Keith. "Source Code Analysis With Deep Neural Networks." In Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics. IGI Global, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0588-2.ch012.

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In recent years, deep learning techniques have garnered considerable attention for their effectiveness in identifying vulnerable code patterns with high precision. Nevertheless, leading models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks require extensive computational resources, resulting in overhead that poses challenges for real-time deployment. This study presents VulDetect, an innovative transformer-based framework for vulnerability detection, developed by fine-tuning a pre-trained large language model (GPT) on a variety of benchmark datasets con
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Conference papers on the topic "Pre-existing vulnerabilities"

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Seth, Sahil, Chieh-Yuan Li, Sara Loponte, et al. "Abstract 2900: Dissection of clonal heterogeneity unmasks pre-existing chemoresistance and new metabolic vulnerabilities in pancreatic cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-2900.

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Seth, Sahil, Chieh-Yuan Li, Sara Loponte, et al. "Abstract 2900: Dissection of clonal heterogeneity unmasks pre-existing chemoresistance and new metabolic vulnerabilities in pancreatic cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2900.

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Magda, Devon, and Bryson Payne. "RFID Key Fobs in Vehicles: Unmasking Vulnerabilities and Strengthening Security." In 2023 KSU Conference on Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice. Kennesaw State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32727/28.2024.3.

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In modern vehicles, radio frequency identification (RFID) key fobs, a form of remote keyless entry (RKE), play a pivotal role in vehicular security and functionality. The goal of this research is to implement and demonstrate radio-based cyberphysical attacks against identified vulnerabilities associated with RFID key fobs and provide insights on how to fortify security precautions against such attacks. Furthermore, this research reviews and acknowledges pre-existing security features that have been implemented to prevent the recurrence of these vulnerabilities. An additional goal of this resea
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Cauli, Claudia, Magdalena Ortiz, and Nir Piterman. "Closed- and Open-world Reasoning in DL-Lite for Cloud Infrastructure Security." In 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/17.

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Infrastructure in the cloud is deployed through configuration files, which specify the resources to be created, their settings, and their connectivity. We aim to model infrastructure before deployment and reason about it so that potential vulnerabilities can be discovered and security best practices enforced. Description logics are a good match for such modeling efforts and allow for a succinct and natural description of cloud infrastructure. Their open-world assumption allows capturing the distributed nature of the cloud, where a newly deployed infrastructure could connect to pre-existing res
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Croft, LA, M. Puig-García, C. Silver, et al. "A multi-site synthesis on health and wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic: findings from seven countries." In MSF Scientific Days International 2022. MSF-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/b641-d608.

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INTRODUCTION Between 2020 and 2021, MSF’s social sciences team designed and supported implementation of qualitative assessments to better understand community-level outbreak responses and well-being in the context of Covid-19. Assessments were conducted in seven sites, specifically Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Chad, Iraq, Tajikistan, Syria, and Somaliland. Although a single protocol was designed and followed, each site was unique in terms of its setting (e.g. camp, conflict, urban, or rural), who implemented assessments (e.g. field epidemiologists, health promotion staff), timing of implementation (
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Reports on the topic "Pre-existing vulnerabilities"

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Chauvin, Juan Pablo. Why Does COVID-19 Affect Some Cities More than Others?: Evidence from the First Year of the Pandemic in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003458.

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This paper investigates what explains the variation in impacts of COVID-19 across Brazilian cities. I assemble data from over 2,500 cities on COVID-19 cases and deaths, population mobility, and local policy responses. I study how these outcomes correlate with pre-pandemic local characteristics, drawing comparisons with existing US estimates when possible. As in the United States, the connections between city characteristics and outcomes in Brazil can evolve over time, with some early correlations fading as the pandemic entered a second wave. Population density is associated with greater local
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Emmanuel A. Abesamis, Luis, and Tabitha Hrynick. LGBTQIA+-inclusive humanitarian action in the Philippines. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.041.

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Humanitarian crises affect diverse populations in complex ways, often exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequalities. Among those disproportionately impacted are LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other SOGIESC – sexual orientations, gender identities, and sex characteristics) individuals and communities. In the Philippines – a country that frequently experiences humanitarian emergencies, such as pandemics, conflict, and environmental hazards – LGBTQIA+ people face unique challenges. Both LGBTQIA+ people and the challenges they face are ofte
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Millington, Kerry A. Protecting and Promoting Systems for Essential Health Services During Rollout of COVID-19 Tools. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.084.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous negative impact on economies of most countries around the world. COVID-19 has disrupted the ability of health systems to deliver on essential health services and has also exposed pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequities in public health systems. According to a key informant survey conducted by WHO, over one year into the COVID-19 pandemic, there still exist substantial disruptions to essential health services. This rapid review examines evidence on successful interventions that could enable adaptive approaches to help manage and respond future pand
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Leão Varela, Ana, and Teresa Rodrigues. Two sides of the same mirror: the point of view of implementers and recipients of public reception and integration policies, on the access to basic and public resources during COVID-19 pandemic of asylum seekers and refugees. IPRI-NOVA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23906/wp64/2023.

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We argue that crisis triggered by COVID-19 increased pre-existing vulnerabilities in what concerns to minorities’ access to basic and public social resources in receiving countries, taking the Portuguese reality as an example. Our conclusions are based on the investigation made under the scope of the PPEACE project (Public Policies and Reception of Foreign Citizens Project), which aims to contribute to scientific advance in public policies and to propose better-informed policy options for the reception of asylum seekers and refugees. Based on the results of 180 questionnaires applied from Octo
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Rethinking risk in times of COVID-19. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wskw1341.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been tremendously difficult for many people across the globe. What was initially viewed as a health crisis affected societies to their core, many of which were already grappling with the devastating effects of climate change, as well as other challenges such as political instability and conflict. While each of these crises has its own identifiable causes, the increasingly interconnected nature of our world means that these shocks or hazards and the knock-on effects from them cannot be viewed in isolation. Indeed, the number of record-breaking disasters witnessed over
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