Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-existing medical condition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-existing medical condition"
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Brigham, Christopher R., Charles N. Brooks, Stephen Demeter, Lorne Direnfeld, and Randy Soo Hoo. "Is a Condition a Ratable Impairment? Nuances in Assessing Preexisting Conditions." Guides Newsletter 22, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2017.mayjun01.
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Abstract In order to answer questions posed by their clients, evaluating physicians must understand the context of a case or jurisdiction, in part because medical and legal perspectives may differ when an evaluator assesses issues such as causation and apportionment. A condition is not necessarily a ratable impairment, nor do symptomatic conditions necessarily prevent an individual from working. Attorneys may pose very specific apportionment questions based on laws unique to a given jurisdiction; for example, a patient may have an occupational injury or illness that results in impairment, but causation of the impairment may be multifactorial and may involve, for example, age-related degeneration, a pre-existing injury or illness, an occupational injury or illness, and/or subsequent trauma or disease. In some states, the presence of a pre-existing condition when an employee is injured may involve Second Injury Funds that were created to relieve a portion of the employer's/insurer's claim costs when the employer hired or retained an employee with a pre-existing medical condition who then suffered a “second” injury. The latter situation requires more extensive treatment and/or a greater disability due to the combined effects of both conditions. Apportionment of causation and impairment may be complex, requiring evaluation of nonoccupational and occupational risk factors and the natural history of the underlying condition.
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Shrestha, Aman, Saruna Ghimire, Bunsi Chapadia, Uday Narayan Yadav, Sabuj Kanti Mistry, Om Prakash Yadav, and Mark Fort Harris. "Nepali Older Adults With Pre-existing Conditions and Their Healthcare Access Amid COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3417.
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Abstract COVID-19 has greatly impacted older adults with pre-existing non-communicable conditions (hereafter called pre-existing conditions) in terms of their access to essential healthcare services. Based on the theory of vertical health equity, this study investigated access to healthcare by Nepali older adults with pre-existing conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study surveyed 847 randomly selected older adults (≥60 years) in three districts of eastern Nepal. Survey questionnaire, administered by trained community health workers, collected information on participants reported difficulty obtaining routine care and medications during the pandemic, in addition to questions on demographics, socioeconomic factors, and pre-existing conditions. Cumulative scores for pre-existing conditions were recoded as no pre-existing condition, single condition, and multimorbidity for the analyses. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions determined inferences. Nearly two-thirds of the participants had a pre-existing condition (43.8% single condition and 22.8% multimorbid) and reported experiencing difficulty obtaining routine care (52.8%) and medications (13.5%). Participants with single (OR: 3.06, 95%CI: 2.17-4.32) and multimorbid (OR: 5.62, 95%CI: 3.63-8.71) conditions had three and five-fold increased odds of experiencing difficulty accessing routine care. Findings were similar for difficulty obtaining medication (OR single: 3.12, 95%CI: 1.71-5.69; OR multimorbid: 3.98, 95%CI: 2.01-7.87) where odds were greater than three-folds. Older adults with pre-existing conditions in Nepal, who require routine medical care and medication, faced significant difficulties obtaining them during the pandemic, which may lead to deterioration in their pre-existing conditions. Public health emergency preparedness should incorporate plans for both managing the emergency and providing continuing care.
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Ghimire, Saruna, Aman Shrestha, Uday Narayan Yadav, Sabuj Kanti Mistry, Bunsi Chapadia, Om Prakash Yadav, ARM Mehrab Ali, et al. "Older adults with pre-existing noncommunicable conditions and their healthcare access amid COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in eastern Nepal." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e056342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056342.
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BackgroundCOVID-19 has greatly impacted older adults with pre-existing noncommunicable conditions (hereafter called pre-existing conditions) in terms of their access to essential healthcare services. Based on the theory of vertical health equity, this study investigated access to healthcare by Nepali older adults with pre-existing conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional study surveyed 847 randomly selected older adults (≥60 years) in three districts of eastern Nepal. Survey questionnaires, administered by trained community health workers, collected information on participants reported difficulty obtaining routine care and medications during the pandemic, in addition to questions on demographics, socioeconomic factors and pre-existing conditions. Cumulative scores for pre-existing conditions were recoded as no pre-existing condition, single condition and multimorbidity for the analyses. χ2 tests and binary logistic regressions determined inferences.ResultsNearly two-thirds of the participants had a pre-existing condition (43.8% single condition and 22.8% multimorbid) and reported experiencing difficulty obtaining routine care (52.8%) and medications (13.5%). Participants with single (OR 3.06, 95% CI 2.17 to 4.32) and multimorbid (OR 5.62, 95% CI 3.63 to 8.71) conditions had threefold and fivefold increased odds of experiencing difficulty accessing routine care. Findings were similar for difficulty obtaining medication (OR single: 3.12, 95% CI 1.71 to 5.69; OR multimorbid: 3.98, 95% CI 2.01 to 7.87) where odds were greater than threefolds.ConclusionsOlder adults with pre-existing conditions in Nepal, who require routine medical care and medication, faced significant difficulties obtaining them during the pandemic, which may lead to deterioration in their pre-existing conditions. Public health emergency preparedness should incorporate plans for both managing the emergency and providing continuing care.
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Darrat, Milad, and Gerard Thomas Flaherty. "International Travel With a Chronic Medical Illness – Health Risks, Practical Challenges and Evidence-Based Recommendations." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 9, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2021.09.
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Introduction: Primary care practitioners and travel medicine physicians are primarily responsible for identifying individuals who may be unfit for overseas travel and consulting with them pre-travel. Pre-existing medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory conditions and diabetes mellitus (DM) have the potential to complicate travel journeys. A considerable percentage of travel-associated illness may be due to the decompensation of a pre-existing medical condition. This review seeks to address the challenges faced by travellers with each of these conditions, including recently updated and evidence-based practical approaches for travel with comorbidities. Methods: Sources for this review were identified through searches of PubMed/Google Scholar for materials published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2019, using combinations of search terms. Results: The volume of literature on travelling with a pre-existing condition exploded with more than 865 associated articles indexed on the PubMed alone as of March 2020. After screening titles, abstracts and, in some cases, the full text version of indexed articles, 121 articles were deemed relevant to the subject matter of this review. Conclusion: Rational approaches to pre-planning for travel with a medical condition will contribute to the prevention of problems while in transit as well as when at the travel destination. It is imperative for health care providers to be aware of the preventative measures and current recommendations that should be taken before and during travel to protect individuals with a chronic illness. Further research and studies should be directed to protect this vulnerable group of travellers.
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Honn, K. A., P. Whitney, J. M. Hinson, A. T. Nusbaum, and H. Van Dongen. "0125 Sleep Deprivation Impairs the Ability to Overcome Pre-Existing Framing Bias." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A49—A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.123.
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Abstract Introduction When presented with a choice between sure gains or losses versus gambles, people tend to select sure gains over gambles, but gambles over sure losses. This pre-existing framing bias is embedded in the Framed Gambling Task (FGT), in which subjects choose between a sure option (gain or loss) and a gamble (card from one of two decks). For optimal performance, subjects need to recognize that one deck (‘good deck’) results in better average outcomes than the other deck (‘bad deck’) and select the gamble or sure option depending on the deck (good/bad) rather than the frame (sure loss/gain). A speeded version of the FGT, with 2s response deadlines to induce time pressure, was used in a laboratory total sleep deprivation (TSD) study to determine the impact of sleep loss on the ability to overcome pre-existing framing bias. Methods Eight-six subjects (ages 21–38; 47 females) were randomized (2:1 ratio) to a TSD condition (n=56) or control condition (n=30). They completed the speeded FGT at 11:00 on the baseline day (session 1), and again the following day (session 2) after 27h of wakefulness (TSD group) or 3h of wakefulness (control group). Performance accuracy was defined in terms of optimal task performance, i.e., gambling when the good deck was presented and not gambling when the bad deck was presented. Each test bout had 72 trials across three trial blocks. Results Accuracy improved across trial blocks (F1,84=20.44, p<0.001). In session 2, the TSD group showed lower accuracy (condition by session interaction: F2,84=4.15, p=0.045) and less improvement across trial blocks (condition by session by trial block interaction: F2,168=3.97, p=0.021) than the control group. Even under TSD, the frequency of response timeouts (RT>2s) was low (<3.5% of trials). Conclusion Sleep deprivation degraded FGT performance under time pressure, indicating reduced ability to overcome pre-existing framing bias. Support PRMRP award W81XWH-16-1-0319
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Zheng, Ming, and Lun Song. "Shift in the Distributions of Pre-existing Medical Condition, Gender and Age across Different COVID-19 Outcomes." Aging and disease 12, no. 2 (2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/ad.2020.1222.
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Pardasani, Sapna A. "#44 COVID-19 among pediatric patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions: Preliminary results from the Pediatric COVID-19 U.S. Registry." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 11, Supplement_1 (June 14, 2022): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piac041.026.
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Abstract Background COVID-19 is a respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Adults with pre-existing pulmonary conditions have been reported to be at higher risk of severe disease, but less is known about COVID-19 in pediatric patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions. We sought to characterize the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 among pediatric patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions in a national passive surveillance registry. Method Demographic, clinical and COVID-19 related data were obtained from the Pediatric COVID-19 U.S. Registry, a passive surveillance registry of pediatric patients less than 21 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 at inpatient and outpatient facilities across the United States. Centers (n = 170) voluntarily submitted information abstracted from medical records at Days 7- and 28-days post COVID-19 diagnosis. Of the 13,248 cases submitted to the registry, 2143 (16.2%) cases submitted both Days 7 and 28 surveys as well as completed survey questions related to pre-existing pulmonary conditions. Immunocompromised cases, cases missing Day 28 surveys and those missing pre-existing pulmonary condition survey data were excluded from this analysis (n=11,105). Clinical characteristics were summarized descriptively, and chi-square tests (α=0.05) were used to compare COVID-19 clinical course and outcomes between those with and without pre-existing pulmonary conditions. Results Among the 2143 cases included, 1438 (67%) reported a pre-existing pulmonary condition. The majority were male (53.6%), white or Caucasian (41.7%) and non-Hispanic (62.5%). Pulmonary conditions reported included asthma/reactive airway disease (92%) followed by bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4%) and tracheostomy dependence (3%). Approximately one quarter (n=378) of patients with pulmonary conditions were hospitalized and 151 (13%) were admitted to the ICU. Ninety-six (6.7%) experienced respiratory failure, 63 (4%) required mechanical ventilation, and 1 (0.06%) death was reported related to COVID-19. Compared to cases with no pre-existing pulmonary conditions, those with pulmonary pre-existing conditions were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to experience chest pain (11.7% vs 6.8), wheezing (10.3% vs 1.6%), dyspnea (27.3% vs 10.5%), cough (46.8% vs 30%), and fever (47% vs 34.8%). Patients with pre-existing pulmonary condition were also more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19 (26% vs 14.8%), admitted to intensive care unit (13% vs 6.4%) and to progress to lower respiratory tract infection (4.1% vs 0.6%). These patients were also more likely to receive oxygen (18% vs 8.2%), steroid treatment (Day 0 to 7) (14% vs 7.7%), and IVIG (7% vs 4.6%). Conclusion When compared to those without pre-existing pulmonary conditions, our data suggests children with pre-existing pulmonary conditions and COVID-19 are more likely to present with symptomatic and severe disease. Future prospective research is needed to fully understand the impact of COVID-19 among this at-risk population.
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Brand, PhD, Michael W., Brandt Wiskur, PhD, MSW, and Julio I. Rojas, PhD. "Assessing fear of COVID-19 at an academic medical center." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0532.
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Purpose: This study measured the degree of COVID-19-related fear among academic medical center employees, identified subsections with high COVID-19 fear, and validated the Fear of COVID-19 Scale with medical professionals in the United States. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, inter-net-based survey delivered by Qualtrics. The survey was conducted at the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center between May 21 and June 18, 2020. The medical center is composed of seven health-care colleges, child and adult hospitals, a Veterans Hospital, and outpatient services clinics across the Oklahoma City area. Faculty, staff, and students (N = 1,761) from the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center completed the survey. Results: COVID-19 fear is highest among non-clinical employees, smokers, and those with pre-existing conditions. Males and females, both clinicians and non-clinicians, appear to express their COVID-19 fears differently. Employees worried most about their families contracting the virus. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale is a valid and reliable assessment instrument among US healthcare workers. Responses were compared based on pre-existing medical condition(s), patient care or nonpatient care, sex, and occupational specialization. Analyses reveal a strong Cronbach’s α measure of internal consistency (α = 0.87). Significant differences were observed among employees with a nonclinical emphasis (p = 0.02), with a predisposing medical health condition (p 0.001), and with a nonacademic occupational specialization (p 0.01), and by sex (p 0.001). Conclusions and discussion: COVID-19 fear significantly impacts academic medical center employ-ees. Medical centers should address both healthcare and nonhealthcare workers’ COVID-19-related fears. It is important to recognize that men and women may have different types of fears and express them differently, necessitating a gender-specific approach to man-aging COVID-19 fears. Employees with pre-existing conditions or who have vulnerable family members require additional support to remain fully functional and on the job.
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Asseri, Ali Alsuheel, Marei Assiri, Norah Alshehri, Noha Saad Alyazidi, Ahmed Alasmari, Saud Q. Alshabab, and Nada Abdullah Asiri. "High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Two Pediatric Patients with Pre-Existing Lung Disease." Pediatric Reports 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2024): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16020023.
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Background: The illnesses associated with changes in barometric pressure can be classified into three types: acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high-altitude cerebral edema. HAPE is a rare form of pulmonary edema that occurs in susceptible individuals after arriving at altitudes over 2500 m above sea level (m). Only a few studies have reported classical HAPE among children with underlying cardiopulmonary comorbidities. In this study, we report two pediatric cases of classical HAPE that occurred immediately upon arriving at Abha city (with an average elevation of 2270 m above sea level). Notably, both patients possessed underlying chronic lung diseases, raising crucial questions about susceptibility factors and the early onset manifestations of HAPE. Case: Two pediatric cases of HAPE are presented. The first patient, with a medical history of repaired right congenital diaphragmatic hernia and subsequent right lung hypoplasia, developed HAPE following their ascent to a high altitude. The second patient, diagnosed with diffuse lung disease of unknown etiology, experienced HAPE after a rapid high-altitude ascent. Both patients resided in low-altitude areas prior to ascent. The initial emergency room assessment revealed that both patients had severe hypoxia with respiratory distress that mandated the initiation of respiratory support and 100% oxygen therapy. They required intensive care unit admission, improved after 5 days of hospitalization, and were sent home in good condition. Conclusion: HAPE is a complex, potentially life-threatening high-altitude illness with diverse clinical presentations and variable risk factors. This case report sheds light on a potential predisposition factor—pre-existing lung disease—in children experiencing severe HAPE. While further validation is crucial, this valuable insight opens doors for improved preventative strategies and informed medical decisions for children with pre-existing lung conditions traveling to high altitudes.
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Husain, Entesar H., Ahmad AlKhabaz, Hanan Y. Al-Qattan, Nufoud Al-Shammari, and Abdullah F. Owayed. "Hospitalization patterns and outcomes of infants with Influenza A(H1N1) in Kuwait." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 08 (August 21, 2012): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2339.
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Introduction: Infants represent an important risk group for influenza associated hospitalizations and mortality. This study evaluated the clinical presentations, hospitalization course and outcome of infants hospitalized with the pandemic influenza A H1N1 [Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09] in relation to their previous health status. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective chart review of hospitalized infants with laboratory-confirmed Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in two hospitals in Kuwait. Demographic characteristics, pre-existing high-risk medical conditions, clinical presentations, complications and mortality were analyzed. Previously healthy infants’ data were compared with infants with pre-existing high-risk medical conditions for severity of the illness and outcome. Results: We identified 62 infants comprising 32% of all admissions with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The median age ± SD was 7 ± 4 months. Nineteen (31%) had pre-existing high-risk medical conditions. Complications were documented in 53% of previously healthy infants compared to 47% in high-risk infants. Mean duration of hospitalization was 4.9 days in healthy infants and 6.7 for infants with high-risk medical conditions. Bacterial pneumonia complicated 7% of previously healthy infants compared to 26% with high-risk conditions (P = 0.03). Four infants (6.5%) required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), of whom three had high risk medical condition. Conclusion: The majority of hospitalized infants with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were previously healthy. Prolonged hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality were more observed in infants with high-risk medical conditions. According to the latest Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for any child six months of age and older, particularly those with risk factors.
Books on the topic "Pre-existing medical condition"
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Dicken, John E. Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan: Comparison of implementation and early enrollment with the Children's Health Insurance Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 2011.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, ed. Pre-existing condition insurance plans: Program features, early enrollment and spending trends, and federal oversight activities : report to the Ranking Member, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, & Pensions, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 2011.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness. Access to health insurance: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 2649 ... to promulgate national standards regarding the provision of health insurance to individuals with pre-existing conditions, to require states to adopt such standards ... September 19, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Postnatal care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0024.
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The principles of postnatal care within this chapter focus on the midwife’s role in monitoring the well-being of the mother through knowledge of the physiological processes of involution of the uterus and the return of the circulatory and excretory systems to their normal parameters. Care of the perineum management of perineal pain and monitoring for any signs of infection or sub-involution are included. The psychological and emotional aspects of postnatal recovery are incorporated, along with parent education, post-operative care, and the subsequent care of women who suffer from a pre-existing medical condition such as diabetes.
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Anderson, Sarah R., James Moore, Sarah R. Anderson, Jon Dallimore, Claire Davies, Richard Dawood, Peter Harvey, et al. Preparations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688418.003.0002.
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Joining an expedition - Role of the expedition medical officer - Creating expedition teams - Immunization - Medical kits and supplies - Medical and first-aid training - Medical screening - Advising those with common pre-existing conditions - The older traveller - Child health in remote areas - Risk management - Medical insurance - Legal liabilities and professional insurance
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Anderson, Sarah R., James Moore, Sarah R. Anderson, Jon Dallimore, Claire Davies, Richard Dawood, Peter Harvey, et al. Preparations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688418.003.0002_update_001.
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Joining an expedition - Role of the expedition medical officer - Creating expedition teams - Immunization - Medical kits and supplies - Medical and first-aid training - Medical screening - Advising those with common pre-existing conditions - The older traveller - Child health in remote areas - Risk management - Medical insurance - Legal liabilities and professional insurance
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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Preconception care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0002.
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This chapter includes taking a menstrual history, used to predict ovulation and the length of the menstrual cycle, and also as an opportunity to provide health care advice and education for women who are planning a pregnancy. Preconception nutrition is briefly covered with particular emphasis on vulnerable groups such as those with closely spaced pregnancies, adolescent mothers, vegans and vegetarians, those on low incomes, those with pre-existing diseases such as diabetes, those with eating disorders, and those from within ethnic minority groups. If needed, the practitioner can then refer women to professionally qualified nutritionists or dietitians. Lifestyle advice and medical considerations are provided here as healthy adjustments can be suggested to clients before conception to optimize maternal and early fetal health. A non-comprehensive list of some of the more common medical conditions is also provided, allowing for advice on screening or potential adjustments to medications to be organized prior to conception.
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The risks and challenges of neurotechnologies for human rights. UNESCO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54678/pogs7778.
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Do we need neurotechnology governance? The field of neurotechnology broadly encompasses any electronic device or method that can be used to read or modify the activity of neurons in the nervous system.Its potential to help cure mental illnesses and neurological disorders may amount to one of the most important medical achievements throughout history, opening a highway of hope for people suffering from diseases that go from Parkinson, Alzheimer’s, stroke and addiction to hearing loss and blindness. Recently, this technology has broken into the market leading to an increased availability of direct-to-consumer products that may be used for recreational and mental augmentation purposes. However, the effects of these technologies are still unclear and their unregulated use entail unprecedented risks for human rights related to freedom of thought, mental integrity and to some of its underlying pre-conditions such as dignity, identity or human agency. This publication compiles the viewpoints of several of the experts that participated in an international workshop in November 2021 to explore the risks of these brain technologies, and whether existing international legal frameworks are sufficient to protect human rights. Part I focuses on the science and technology advances and tries to convey both the fascinating opportunities and broad challenges that they pose, while Part II highlights the ethical aspects and human rights risks resulting from non-medical applications of neurotechnologies, while looking at the potential and limits of a multi-layered response to grant the needed protection. Catno. 0000384185
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Denison, Fiona C., and Alistair Milne. The obese parturient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0039.
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Maternal obesity is the most common pre-existing morbidity in pregnant women in the United Kingdom. Obesity is associated with increased risk of maternal and offspring morbidity and mortality. Increased maternal morbidity is multifactorial. There is an increased incidence of coexisting medical conditions. Adverse physiological changes related to obesity also contribute to risk. In addition to this, there is an increased risk of many complications developing de novo during pregnancy. There are many practical and technical challenges for the multidisciplinary team that must be addressed in order to care for the morbidly obese parturient effectively. Many items of equipment designed for use with the morbidly obese will need to be available. Due to the complexity of their care and increased risks, all women with a body mass index over 40 kg/m2 should be seen prior to labour and delivery by an anaesthetist. This allows for timely planning of their care, involvement of appropriate personnel and equipment, and expectation management. The use of neuraxial analgesia and anaesthesia, whilst prone to increased technical difficulties and failure rates, has significant advantages for many morbidly obese parturients. There are many increased risks associated with general anaesthesia in the morbidly obese, but this may be the only option for operative delivery in some super morbidly obese parturients who cannot tolerate a tilted supine position. The care of the morbidly obese parturient is truly multidisciplinary which should be coordinated by a named consultant obstetrician.
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Whitworth, Caroline, and Stewart Fleming. Malignant hypertension. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0216.
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Malignant hypertension (MH) is recognized clinically by elevated blood pressure together with retinal haemorrhages or exudates with or without papilloedema (grades III or IV hypertensive retinopathy); and may constitute a hypertensive emergency or crisis when complicated by evidence of end-organ damage including microangiopathic haemolysis, encephalopathy, left ventricular failure, and renal failure. Though reversible, it remains a significant cause of end-stage renal failure, and of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries.MH can complicate pre-existing hypertension arising from diverse aetiologies, but most commonly develops from essential hypertension. The absolute level of blood pressure appears not to be critical to the development of MH, but the rate of rise of blood pressure may well be relevant in the pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of this transformation remains unclear.The pathological hallmark of MH is the presence of fibrinoid necrosis (medial vascular smooth muscle cell necrosis and fibrin deposition within the intima) involving the resistance arterioles in many organs. Fibrinoid necrosis is not specific to MH and this appearance is seen in other conditions causing a thrombotic microangiopathy such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome, scleroderma renal crisis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and acute vascular rejection post transplant. MH can both cause a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) but can also complicate underlying conditions associated with TMA.The pathophysiological factors that interact to generate and sustain this condition remain poorly understood. Risk factors include Afro-Caribbean race, smoking history, younger age of onset of hypertension, previous pregnancy, and untreated hypertension associated with non-compliance or cessation of antihypertensive therapy.Evidence from clinical studies and animal models point to a central role for the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in MH; there is good evidence for renal vasoconstriction and activation of the renal paracrine RAS potentiating MH once established; however, there may also be a role in the predisposition of MH suggested by presence of increased risk conferred by an ACE gene polymorphism in humans and polymorphisms for both ACE and AT1 receptor in an animal model of spontaneous MH. Other vasoactive mediators such as the endothelin and the inflammatory response may be important contributing to and increasing endothelial damage. There have been no randomized controlled trials to define the best treatment approach, but progressive lowering of pressures over days is considered safest unless made more urgent by critical clinical state. It seems logical to introduce ACE inhibition cautiously and early, but in view of the risk of rapid pressure lowering some recommend delay.
Book chapters on the topic "Pre-existing medical condition"
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Küpper, T., and A. Morrison. "Sport Climbing with Pre-existing Medical Conditions." In Climbing Medicine, 221–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72184-8_17.
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"Pre-existing medical conditions." In Expedition Medicine, 69–86. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315063621-13.
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Knuuti, Juhani, and Antti Saraste. "Conclusions and recommendations." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Steen Kristensen, 2686–90. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0650.
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This chapter provides a summary of pre- and perioperative assessment and management of patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. More detailed presentations can be found in the preceding chapters in this section. An individualized, stepwise cardiac risk assessment protocol, integrating clinical risk indices and specific test results with the estimated stress of the planned surgical procedure is presented. For each step, evidence-based recommendations on medical therapy and cardiac interventions as well as considerations on surgical and anaesthetic techniques are presented in order to optimize the patient’s perioperative condition.
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Wan, Honglin, Hao Sheng, Xiangzhi Kong, Qiuyue Li, and Tong Zhang. "Transformer-Based Semantic Entity Recognition for Chinese Medical Inspection Reports." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde240103.
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With the rapid development of the Internet, the application of artificial intelligence in the medical field has become a focus of attention. At present, understanding the Chinses medical inspection report (CMIR) is of great significance for clinical diagnosis, and the results of the inspection items can be used to judge the condition more intuitively. However, the existing datasets of Chinese medical inspection report is small, and their image features are complex and have more entity types, which makes Semantic entity recognition (SER) for Natural language processing (NLP) difficult. To address the lack of attention coverage for complex medical entities, this paper fine-tunes a multimodal pre-training model for multilingual visually-rich document understanding (VI-LayoutXLM), and improves the recognition of complex medical entities by the VI-LayoutXLM model through novel entity labelling in the multimodal pre-training phase. Specifically, key-value pairs are manually labelled for medical entities in the form of medical inspection report to refine the attention to complex medical entities in the Transformer. In order to verify the recognition performance of the model, this paper constructs a sample set of medical inspection report datasets (CMIRD) collected from real scenarios, which includes medical inspection report from hospitals all over China. The experimental results show that the recognition performance of the VI-LayoutXLM model outperforms multiple models on this dataset, with an F1-score up to 97.18%.
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"Pre-existing medical conditions at altitude." In High Altitude Medicine and Physiology, 351–62. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13371-29.
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"Pre-existing medical conditions at altitude." In High Altitude Medicine and Physiology 5E, 387–403. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13633-30.
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Breitbart, William S. "Anxiety Disorders in Palliative Care." In Psychosocial Palliative Care, 19–28. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199917402.003.0004.
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Anxiety is common in palliative care patients and may significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Anxiety can have many etiologies resulting in different anxiety syndromes, ranging from adjustment disorder, anxiety resulting from general medical condition, to medication-induced anxiety disorders. Pre-existing anxiety disorders should also be taken into consideration in palliative care settings. Different screening and assessment tools have been used to improve recognition and assessment of anxiety in the terminally ill. Treatment of anxiety in this patient population includes use of a variety of pharmacological agents to relieve severe anxiety symptoms and use of psychotherapy interventions that have been shown to be safe and effective in the terminally ill. This chapter includes an overview of the prevalence, assessment, and management of anxiety disorders in palliative care settings.
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Kalra, Philip A., and Diana Vassallo. "Atherosclerotic renovascular disease." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, 5044–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0500.
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Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) refers to atheromatous narrowing of one or both renal arteries and frequently coexists with atherosclerotic disease in other vascular beds. Patients with this condition are at high risk of adverse cardiovascular events, with mortality around 8% per year. Many patients with ARVD have chronic kidney disease, but only a minority progress to endstage kidney disease, suggesting that pre-existing hypertensive and/or ischaemic renal parenchymal injury is the usual cause of renal dysfunction. Many patients with ARVD are asymptomatic, but there can be important complications such as uncontrolled hypertension, rapid decline in kidney function, and recurrent acute heart failure (flash pulmonary oedema). Management—patients with ARVD should receive medical vascular protective therapy just like other patients with atheromatous disease. This involves antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, statins, antihypertensive agents (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are the drugs of choice), optimization of glycaemic control in diabetic patients, and advice/help to stop smoking. On the basis of randomized controlled trial data, they should not be offered revascularization by angioplasty/stenting for the purpose of improving blood pressure control or stabilizing/improving renal function. However, there is evidence that a subgroup of patients with specific complications of ARVD (as previously mentioned) may benefit from revascularization.
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Ho, Roger H. Y., and David M. H. Lam. "Preoperative assessment." In Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Edition, 1–18. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198790723.003.0001.
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Abstract The aims of preoperative assessment are to evaluate and optimize pre-existing medical conditions and medications, to stratify the risk of perioperative complications, and to inform the planning of perioperative care. This chapter outlines the specific challenges brought about by the range of different oromaxillofacial pathologies requiring surgery, airway evaluation and planning, the preoperative management of patients with pre-existing medical conditions in the context of oromaxillofacial surgery, environmental considerations, the preoperative management of commonly encountered long-term medications, and the various risk stratification tools available to facilitate optimal planning of the perioperative care.
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Baumrin, Bernard H. "Why There is No Right to Health Care." In Medicine and Social Justice, 78–83. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143546.003.0006.
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Abstract The rhetoric of rights dominates discourse about the distribution of health care. Interested parties invoke the right to health care as justification for insisting on expanded access, enriched benefits, and limitless entitlements to special services. Such expansionist attitudes go back at least to the proclamation of the World Health Organization’s Preamble to its Constitution on July 22, 1946, where it declared: Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, political belief, economic or social condition. Moreover, as recently as 1997 the Council of Europe declared in its Preamble to its Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with Regard to the Application of Biology and Biomedicine: Resolving to take such measures as are necessary to safeguard human dignity and the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual with regard to the application of biology and medicine. Such claims to the existence of pre-existing fundamental and human rights to health care and health benefits have fed the fire of asserting unqualified entitlements to the concern and care of others. Ordinary people, and medical-care professionals, are called upon to satisfy these claims and feel justifiably uneasy about their failure to pitch in adequately to alleviate the suffering of those in need of various forms of health care-medications, rehabilitative services, long-term care for the disabled, nutritional supplements, prosthetics, and so on. If there were a fundamental right to health care such unease would be fully justified.
Conference papers on the topic "Pre-existing medical condition"
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Gomez, Mark A. "Determining the Failure Potential of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Frontal Motor Vehicle Impacts: An Interdisciplinary Approach." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83057.
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Due to the ever increasing number of total hip arthroplasties performed every year, the loading conditions typically experienced by a patient during the activities of everyday living must be accounted for in both the design and testing of an artificial joint (5). The probability of implant failure must constantly be addressed. Further, knowledge of these loading conditions may be applied to accidental events such as motor vehicle impacts to determine the potential for failure of a total hip arthroplasty during such “abnormal” occurrences. Specifically, when considering loading conditions experienced during a motor vehicle accident, one could determine if the failure of an implant was due to the inadequacy of the implant, the failure of the bone around the implant, or a pre-existing degraded condition in the implant-bone construct. The goal of this presentation is to provide an outline of the types of data and analyses that are necessary to determine the nature of a failed total hip arthroplasty subsequent to a frontal motor vehicle impact. These include data from the patient’s medical records, biomechanical properties of bone, structural and material properties of implant materials, and accident vehicle dynamics. This information may then be consolidated and analyzed in a flowchart fashion to provide a most probable cause of implant failure.
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Jung, Sun Jae, Ji-Yeob Choi, Keun-Young Yoo, and Daehee Kang. "Abstract 5517: Pre-existing medical conditions and risk of breast cancer in Korea: A hospital based case-control study." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5517.
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Dube, Sibusisiwe, Siqabukile Sihwa, Thambo Nyathi, and Khulekani Sibanda. "QR Code Based Patient Medical Health Records Transmission: Zimbabwean Case." In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2233.
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In Zimbabwe the health care delivery system is hierarchical and patient transfer from the lower level to the next higher level health care facility involves patients carrying their physical medical record card. A medical record card holds information pertaining to the patient’s medical history, pre-existing allergies, medical health conditions, prescribed medication the patient is currently taking among other details. Recording such patient information on a medical health card renders it susceptible to tempering, loss, and misinterpretation as well as susceptible to breaches in confidentiality. In this paper, we propose the application of Quick Response (QR) codes to secure and transmit this sensitive patient information from one level of the health care delivery system to another. Other security methods such as steganography could be used, but in this paper we propose the use of QR codes owing to the high proliferation of mobile phones in the country, high storage capacity, flexibility, ease of use and their capability to maintain data integrity as well as storage of data in any format.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, and Chrystalla Protopapa. "Machine Reading Comprehension and Expert System technologies for social innovation in the drug excipient selection process." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003273.
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The growth of the global population together with several unpredicted crises such as political, health, and financial, create an environment of uncertainty in which social innovations can be developed to offer stability in people’s lives and create new business development opportunities for the benefit of the economy and the society. One of the undoubted rights of every human being is access to affordable medical treatment. However, the costs and time needed for research and development on new or specialized drugs are not often covered by governmental budgets and initiatives that could make such medicines accessible to all who needed them. Private companies invest tremendous amounts and expect returns on their investments. This gap, between the availability of a drug and its accessibility, created the social need for a generic drug market and the inspiration for advanced innovations to serve it. Research indicates that the price of brand-name drugs can drop up to 80% after the commercialization of a new generic which has the same action and can potentially replace them. The global generic drug market worth is expected to increase from $311.8 billion in 2021 to $442.3 billion in 2026. Excipients represent a market value of $4 billion, accounting for 0.5% of the total pharmaceutical market. The global market of AI was estimated at 43.1 billion in 2020 and is predicted to reach $228.3 billion by 2026 with a 32.7 % CAGR. On the other hand, the revenues of the AI Health market are projected to grow from $6.9 billion in 2021 to $67.4 billion in 2027 reaching $120.2 billion by 2028 with a CAGR of 45.3%.The choice of excipients in drug development is a critical and time-consuming process. Currently, excipients are chosen based on the route of administration, physicochemical characteristics, place of action, and the type of release of the active ingredient. The process involves many quality control tests on the drug such as fragility, dissolution, disintegration, dosage uniformity, and stability, which are repeated when the excipient changes. This laborious and time-consuming process considers a massive number of existing excipients categorized into different functional groups used for different purposes.This paper addresses this challenge and introduces an approach to resolve it using Artificial Intelligence for social innovation in the formulation development industry. Specifically, the paper presents an Expert system (ES) based software architecture to facilitate assess and utilize drug-excipient relationship data scattered in various forms of documentation and/or scientific literature. The inference engine of the ES operates with rule base and case-based reasoning powered by Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies that populate and enrich the knowledge base. The MRC and NLP technologies interpret existing drug formulations and propose potential new drug formulations, based on its physicochemical characteristics.According to research results, the time to introduce a generic drug can be reduced by 30% if there is an indicative formulation to start the process. The eight months gained can be used to market the product. This is a significant amount of time that reduces research and development costs, reduces the time to market, and increases productivity and operations efficiency. The research conducted is based on an extensive literature review, primary research with surveys and interviews but also with the analysis of several case studies to indicate the need for the proposed technology and support the system architecture design. Furthermore, the paper presents the pre and post-condition for adopting such technology, highlights research limitations, and identifies areas of further research to be conducted for the optimization of the technology and its contribution to the global economy and society.
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Blumberga, Madara, Nora Jansone-Ratinika, Evita Grigoroviča, Raimonds Strods, Andreta Slavinska, and Māris Brants. "Simulated Hospital for Medical Students as an Essential Step Towards Guality in Clinical Work and Patient Safety." In 81th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2023.38.
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Simulation-based education provides a transition from theory-based learning to the application of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in complex situations in conditions close to real healthcare facilities. In healthcare, a simulation-based learning approach provides the opportunity to learn skills in a safe environment and gain confidence in the students’ abilities before working in a real clinical setting. In the academic year 2022/2023, for 2 weeks, the Rīga Stradiņš University (RSU) Medical Education Technology Centre (METC) in cooperation with the Department of Nursing and Midwifery implemented the concept of a simulated hospital to provide 114 international 3rd year students of the study programme “Medicine” with pre-clinical practice in a simulated environment in the fields of internal diseases and surgery. A simulated hospital is a concept in which the hospital environment is reproduced in the premises of the METC, encompassing 2 hospital wards, 6 patient rooms, 2 nursing stations, 2 medication rooms, a laboratory, and examination locations, as well as using 8 patient manikin and 38 simulated patients. Students provided a self-assessment of 64 skills (technical and non-technical) before and after pre-clinical practice using a scale from 1–5. Data were collected electronically and analyzed using IBM SPSS and compared statistically before and after the teaching intervention. Students demonstrated improvement in self-assessment of performance of all 64 skills. Students indicate that they not only learned new knowledge and skills, but also strengthened existing knowledge and skills. Students answer that they feel better prepared to work in a real clinical environment. One of the conclusions is that pre-clinical practice should be an integral part of the study process before working in a real clinical environment. that pre-clinical practice should be an integral part of the study process before working in a real clinical environment.
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DOAN, Mai Thi, and Sergey I. DUKHNO. "INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES TO THE HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM IN VIETNAM." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.640.
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Purpose – to identify the prerequisites for organizational changes of the emerging health insurance system in Vietnam. Research methodology - comparative analysis, statistical analysis, case study. Findings – the obligatory health insurance in Vietnam performs its functions only partially. There is still high level of out-of-pocket spending on medical services. First we identified one of the most important challenges to the health insurance system in Vietnam, namely, the population aging. Secondly, we identified and analyzed and the prerequisites (the pre-existing conditions), which can become the basis for the reorganization of the existing health insurance system without major reforms: (1) the cultural values of Asian society, which allow to build a community-based type model of living for the elderly on the basis of “equal with equal”; (2) technological advances in medicine that extend the healthy life of the elderly, (3) trust in traditional medicine, which allows widen the coverage of the poorest “elderly households”. Practical implications - the results of the study require attention from the government and insurance providers when rethinking of organizing process for mandatory medical insurance. Originality/Value – we have identified the ways of possible organizational changes for the health insurance system, making the most of the existing prerequisites. This can help to get closer to the goal of full coverage with health insurance services while achieving a positive social effect. The identified internal reserves make it possible to imple- ment organizational changes without major reforms of the established health insurance system. No studies have been conducted in this perspective.
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Yang, N. H., P. K. Canavan, and H. N.-Hashemi. "Combined Effect of Tibiofemoral Alignment and Meniscectomy on the Contact Stresses at the Knee: A FEA Investigation." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204318.
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Surgical removal of meniscal tissue alters the kinematics and load distribution of the knee and decreases the contact area causing greater magnitude of compressive stress and shear stress. These changes may result in damage to the knee cartilage and lead to subsequent osteoarthritis (OA) (1). Allen et al. (2) found a significant increase in knee OA after meniscectomy with pre-existing abnormal frontal plane tibiofemoral alignment. Tibiofemoral alignment affects the varus/valgus moment during ambulation and during single-leg stance, Fig. 1A. The varus moment, or adduction moment, is the primary factor in the distribution of the force to the medial compartment of the knee joint during normal gait (4). Previous finite element analysis (FEA) studies investigating partial and total meniscectomies applied only axial loads and do not take into account the varus moment that occurs during single-leg support (4, 5). The present 3-D FEA investigation utilizes subject specific loading conditions (including the varus knee moment) to study the combined effect of tibiofemoral knee alignment and partial and total meniscectomies on the stresses at the knee cartilage.
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Lamacchia, Enrico. "The “Castelvecchio” of Matera. Documentation and analysis of a urban fortress in the apulian-lucanian context." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.18117.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the medieval genesis of the town of Matera, by examining a specific area, now known as Castelvecchio, meaning old castle, site of the original fortified urban nucleus, by presenting a reconstruction of the main evolutionary phases, from the Lombard castrum to the Angevin walls, up to the transformation for civil use in the modern and contemporary age.This area is identified today as the top part of the famous Sassi, the historic districts of Matera (UNESCO Heritage), where there are still visible traces of these primitive fortifications absorbed in the complex urban fabric.The site was an ideal observation point for monitoring the surrounding area, while the harsh morphology of the rocky terrain presented optimal conditions to meet defensive needs.The research has led to hypothesize a complex in very close relationship with the geological substrate to be understood as an anthropic transformation of a pre-existing "natural fortification".The military function survived until the late medieval era, when urban development and modern revolutions in the field of defensive architecture led to the need to build other structures in the city and the consequent sale of the area under consideration for civilian use. Particular attention was paid to the relationship of the object in question with the context around, since a castle is not an element in itself, but the node of a network designed to control the territory, in very close relationship with the neighbouring lands and historical road network.
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Kuz'menko, Aleksandr, Dmitrij Kondrashov, Anna Sazonova, Ludmila Filippova, and Rodion Filippov. "Intelligent system of forest area recognition for tasks of geographically distributed economic systems." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce27712625b2.08767643.
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For a long period, our country has been in the process of radical transformations of the state economic system, associated with the final transition to a market system of management, the development of local self-government and the independence of economic entities. In the new conditions of the emerging market, the issues of ensuring the sustainable development of territorial economic systems and sectors of the economy, which are the source and guarantor of social stability, employment, a high level and quality of life of the population of the regions, come to the fore. The paper deals with an intelligent system for recognizing the dynamics of changes in forest areas based on automatic pattern recognition methods. The existing methods of processing graphical information, classification and clustering methods that are of value within the framework of the problems being solved are considered, and several original algorithms are proposed. LTP and FFT algorithms were selected as feature extractors of which the simplest and most productive option is LTP. Histogram equalization algorithms, median and Gaussian filters to eliminate noise and remove small image details are chosen to pre-process the image. Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances were used as separability measures. Naive Bayes classifier is proposed to use for classification.
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Mulyani, Endah, Zahrotul Hidayati, and Khaulah Mujahidah. "Determinants of Knowledge about Covid-19 Transmission Preventionand Antenatal Care Visit in Gresik, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.31.
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ABSTRACT Background: Covid-19 is a highly infectious disease with a higher risk to suffer severe health complications, especially for people with pre-existing medical conditions. Pregnant women must prevent the risk of disease transmission as the probability of adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to examine the determinants of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women in Gresik, East Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gresik, East Java in July 2020. A total of 46 pregnant women was selected for this study. The dependent variable was level of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women. The independent variables were age, level of education, carrier status, and information media. The study subjects were selected by total sampling method. The data were collected by using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Level of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women increased with maternal age (OR= 8.00; 95% CI= 1.54 to 41.49; p= 0.013), level of education (OR= 13.00; 95% CI= 2.35 to 71.84; p= 0.003), and information media (OR= 37.75, 95% CI= 4.41 to 322.85; p= 0.001). Level of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women decreased with maternal carrier status (OR= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.43; p= 0.032). Conclusion: Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women increase with maternal age, level of education, and information media while decreasing with maternal carrier status. Keywords: Covid-19 transmission, prevention, knowledge, education, information media Correspondence: Endah Mulyani. Midwifery Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik. Jl. Proklamasi No.54 Trat, Gresik. Email: endahmulyani@umg.ac.id. Mobile: +6281252184499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.31
Reports on the topic "Pre-existing medical condition"
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W, Nedra, Laura B. Strange, Sara M. Kennedy, Katrina D. Burson, and Gina L. Kilpatrick. Completeness of Prenatal Records in Community Hospital Charts. RTI Press, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.rr.0032.1802.
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We describe the completeness of prenatal data in maternal delivery records and the prevalence of selected medical conditions and complications among patients delivering at community hospitals around Atlanta, Georgia. Medical charts for 199 maternal-infant dyads (99 infants in normal newborn nurseries and 104 infants in newborn intensive care nurseries) were identified by medical records staff at 9 hospitals and abstracted on site. Ninety-eight percent of hospital charts included prenatal records, but over 20 percent were missing results for common laboratory tests and prenatal procedures. Forty-nine percent of women had a pre-existing medical condition, 64 percent had a prenatal complication, and 63 percent had a labor or delivery complication. Missing prenatal information limits the usefulness of these records for research and may result in unnecessary tests or procedures or inappropriate medical care.