Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pré-conception'
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Keita, Abdel Kader. "Conception coopérative d'ontologies pré-consensuelles : application au domaine de l'urbanisme." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0030/these.pdf.
Full textAn ontology has two different definitions according to the field of interest, in fact philosophy or computer science: From the philosophical point of view, an ontology is defined as being the science of what exists. From the point of view of computer science and more particularly, knowledge engineering, the definition most commonly accepted is that of (Studer, 1998) : "an ontology is an explicit formal specification of a shared conceptualization of a field ". The majority of works and the existing tools relate to the creation of ontologies, once the consensus is carried out (which we entitle as post-consensual ontologies). Thus, one of the key stages in the process of developing an ontology is the consensus between the various actors. But the principal problem is how to reach this consensus. One of the essential characteristics of ontologies is that they provide consensual data on a given field. Nowadays, ontologies include a so rich set of knowledge that their full comprehension exceeds that of any single developer or creator or even that of a small team of creators. The development of an ontology on a large scale must be the result of a joint effort from several experts in various fields and software developers. So the collaborative approach for the development of ontology is best adapted for this task compared to the other non collaborative approaches, because of the characteristics, themselves, of an ontology. However the majority of the methods and methodologies do not propose recommendations to reach the consensus when ontologies are built with a collaborative way. The construction of ontologies with a collaborative environment was and remains a continuous and open subject of research. There exists a certain number of tools for the collaborative development of ontologies. But none offers a complete and adaptable support for all the requirements of the collaborative development. The analysis of the existing tools and groupware products (for the collaborative development of ontologies) does not check only the fact that the collaborative development is the inherent nature of the design of ontology, but also states that the collaborative development of ontology is well supported by none of the existing tools or environments. This presents a new challenge to find tools better adapted for the collaborative development of ontology. The inexistence (as we know) of ontology for urban planning and regional planning, as well as the complexity and the dimension of the domain of urban planning add a particular interest to this challenge. Contributions In contrast of the majority of research works and existing tools which relate to the creation of ontologies once the consensus is carried out post-consensual ontologies), our research works, produced in the context of the European project TOWNTOLOGY, focus on the first phases of development of an ontology, when the consensus is not yet reached. This work tries to answer the question of reaching the consensus by proposing a methodology to create a pre-consensual ontology on the basis of the opinions of various actors. For example, we insist on the need for keeping various definitions for the same concept
Martins, Douglas Araujo. "Plateforme de conception d'actionneurs : méthodes et outils pour le pré-dimensionnement d'actionneurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT039/document.
Full textContactors and relays are used in many devices for monitoring and remote controlling. Mostof them are equipped with electromagnetic actuators, which are produced in large quantities. The environmentalrequirements on efficiency and energy consumption have become more and more strict. Thedesign of these actuators is therefore an important issue. This thesis focuses on the development of adesign platform dedicated to the pre-sizing of electromagnetic actuators. This platform is based on theimplementation of very fast and sufficiently accurate modeling methods. The first part is devoted to theresolution of linear and nonlinear magnetostatic equations by the coupling between boundary integralmethod and reluctance network method. The evaluation of global quantities such as the magnetic fluxflowing through a coil and the force is investigated. The results are validated on a rotating bistable relay.The second part concerns the multi-physics simulation of the component in its environment by takinginto account the mechanical and electrical aspects. A feasibility study by optimization is performed bothfor the component alone and for the whole component-system. Finally, a general modeling method isproposed with the presentation of an original and efficient coupling between the finite element methodsand boundary integrals
Picot, Fabrice. "Contribution à l'optimisation d'un flot de conception submicronique à base de cellules pré-caractérisées." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20156.
Full textDericquebourg, Thomas. "Méthodologie de conception préliminaire robuste des assemblages vissés basée sur des modèles de pré-dimensionnement." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAT0031.
Full textIn the current context, consisting in continually reducing the design process duration, it is fundamental to make relevant choices upstream of the projects so as to avoid late reconsiderations, that are time and resources consuming, and to enable an efficient concurrent engineering. The first steps of the design process are characterized by the uncertainties and the main parameters indeterminations. As a result, the first choices have to be robust against the potential data and parameters variations that may appear all along the design process. In the automotive industries, the bolted joints are widespread since they are practical for setting up removable junctions between subassemblies. However, tools for pre-dimensioning them are lacking. Although numerous models do exist, they essentially handle single-bolt joints or specific applications, or the models are too much time consuming to be used in a preliminary phase. That is why a robust approach to the preliminary design of bolted joints has been developed. This approach is firstly based on the development of pre-dimensioning models, a generic local model dedicated to describe a single bolt joint and a global model in order to take into consideration multi-bolted joints. The reduced time requirement has continually be considered so as to then integrate theses models in a preliminary robust design strategy. The robust approach to the preliminary design of bolted joints uses a local pre-dimensioning model to describe the complex behavior of a bolted-joint in a very short time. This model is generic enough to handle several kinds of parts and its validity field has been clearly defined to know its limits. The methodology is then based on a global model that enables to consider multi-bolted joints and so their mutual interactions. This approach has been validated on a specified bolted joints category. Eventually a robust pre-design strategy has been carried out from the previous models. This strategy consists in scanning different potential configurations in order to design a multi-bolted joint assembly and in estimating the associated risks and the projected costs for each configuration. In this strategy, optimized designs of experiments are used as well as an innovative clustering approach to aggregate solutions and then to give some shape recommendations of the assembly and so to guide the sequel step of detail design. Actually, the overall methodology allows to give a set of relevant information concerning the faulty risks and the projected costs of possible solutions in a reduced time. These data can then help the designer to make the best choices of a configuration for a bolted joints assembly in a preliminary design with a risk and cost control
Mehrabanigolzar, Mohammadreza. "Évaluation du potentiel de durabilité d'un projet de rénovation urbain en phase de pré-conception grâce à la conception à objectif désigné (COD)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0170/document.
Full textThis research focuses on sustainability assessment in the upstream phase of an architectural project. This thesis points out the need to assess the impacts of pre-design's phases decisions on the sustainable development aspects. The upstream phase is very important because of their low cost and the large range of possible solution. As a consequence a tool or model is required that can help designers/Architects to identify sustainability potential in pre-design phase : this will constitute a "Decision aids tool" for architecture. Taking into account the impacts of sustainability in the upstream phase, the designer/Architects can achieve a different view and take advantage of these environmental effects to increase the level of sustainability of the project. The "Design to Objective" method (DTO) is used as an approach to provide a tool for decision support. This approach helps architects making decision. In addition, due to the DTO, all stakeholders in the field of construction can contribute to the programming phase. On the other hand, attention is directed toward the socio-cultural aspect which has been neglected by existing methods. This tool / software (SustainPro) has been experimented on four real projects in Iran. Experimental outcomes attest of the pertinence of the proposed approach
Soudier, Claire. "Le religieux : l'affaire de Loudun du XVIIe au XXe siècle : une épistémè : d'une pré-conception à une théorisation." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5016.
Full textThe interest given to the possession of several sisters of the « Ursuline » order in Loudun during the 17th century continues in the 21st century. Michel de Certeau, who brought together the related manuscripts with exhaustive thoroughness does not seem to have been able to reach a definitive conclusion to this affair. Subsequent involvement by a number of authors on the subject implies that an enigmatic rest persists and continues to search for elaborating and spelling. This « affaire de Loudun » is a microscopic prism of conflicting nodes between various epistemological domains, just like the macroscopic conflicts inherent to upsets provoked by the passage from one to another, of the various fields of thought of this century. Is conflict always inherent to the passage from one antagonistic system to another, from contradicted or undecidable systems to another ? What can be the resolving, sublimating or pacifying channels to clear away conflict, more notably psychic conflict? In this story of nuns, during this religious period, in these times of Reform and Counter-Reform, the religious domain encircled by political, scientific and medical mutations, appears to be failing, unable to act in his role as the transcendental and sublimate pacifier. Could it be that bad faith on the behalf of the actors of this story has rendered it impossible for the cleric, exceeded by his own self, to accomplish his role and method in the treatment of this matter, and in the end, unable to bring a mediated end to the conflict? Does Michel de Certeau use the paradigm of this story of possession in his analysis of social and political events of his time to warn us of the problem engendered by bad faith and the failure of the cleric’s psychic function? Could bad faith be a force? A challenge?
Charry, Prada Iran David. "Etude et conception de réacteurs polyphasés en vue de la désulfuration de biogaz en pré- et post- combustion." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM019/document.
Full textBiogas. It is an energy source increasingly popular in Europe, remarkably in France, due to its environmental-friendly and economic-saving capabilities. It is produced by the organic matter fermentation, leading to biomethane production, as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, as a raw gas, pollutants in biogas lead to environmental, health and process-related issues, especially because of its unique content on sulfur compounds. The objective of this research is to develop new processes, economically and environmentally feasible, for biogas desulfurization, seeking a process integration in existing biogas treatment units in France. Considering the state of the art on biogas properties and its possible purification treatments, two processes have been identified and studied in this thesis. The first process is a precombustion desulfurization treatment aiming to eliminate the H2S and the siloxanes through a gas-liquid bubbling-typed polyphasic reactor. This reactor is equipped with a new solvent with “superacid” properties. The second process is a postcombution desulfurization treatment for stack gas, through a gas-solid fixed-bed polyphasic reactor. A prototype of this unit was entirely designed, built and tested in the thesis. This thesis describes the applied research method, the developed numerical models, and the experimental results confirming the efficiency of the novel processes
Picheral, Laura. "Contribution à la conception préliminaire robuste en ingéniérie de produit." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992390.
Full textEjjabraoui, Kamal. "Contribution à la conception de systèmes mécatroniques automobiles : méthodologie de pré-dimensionnement multi-niveau multi-physique de convertisseurs statiques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112381.
Full textTran, Thi chien. "Impact des facteurs environnementaux sur la survenue d’une pré-éclampsie sévère." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV057/document.
Full textDuring two last decades, the effect of meteorological factors on human health, especially pregnancy, has become a growing public health concern. However, the influence of meteorological and environmental factors on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia still has to be precisely determined. The main objective of this work is to determine the influence of meteorological conditions at various time during pregnancy (date of conception, near date of conception) on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in a large French registry of pregnant women and to determine at which moment are the women more susceptible
Bensbaa, Abderrezak. "«Plan de gestion global d'un projet de conception et d'édification d'une entreprise industrielle, oeuvrant dans le cadre de la logistique inverse». Étude de cas: Recyclage et pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26671/26671.pdf.
Full textBensbaa, Abderrezak. ""Plan de gestion global d'un projet de conception et d'édification d'une entreprise industrielle, œuvrant dans le cadre de la logistique inverse" : étude de cas : recyclage et pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21196.
Full textSilva, Janaína Paula Costa da. "Concepção materna sobre excesso de peso infantil e o estado nutricional de seus filhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-24032014-164159/.
Full textIntroduction: The prevalence of obesity has presented numbers each day higher in younger populations, including among young children from families with less favorable socioeconomic status. The determinants of this nutritional deviation that have been studied are diverse, ranging from genetics to environmental factors. Among the latter, the environmental surroundings of the young child, it is possible that the maternal conception, regarding overweight children, is the exogenous factor that contributes to increased risk of developing overweight or obesity in childhood. Objective: Analyze maternal conceptions regarding nutritional status to verify they are the same or if different, can they be factors that contribute to the presence of overweight or obesity in children under the age of four. Methods: This was an observational, exploratory, cross-sectional quantitative-qualitative study. Participants were mothers of children of preschool age, enrolled in public kindergartens in 2011. Mothers of two groups were interviewed: sixteen (16) mothers of overweight or obese children and fifteen (15) mothers of children classified as having normal weight, according to the cutoff points for BMI recommended by the Ministry of Health, Brazil-2008. Content Analysis was the technique utilized with the help of software Classification Hiérarchique Implicative et Cohésitive to analyze data collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: Maternal conceptions, regarding overweight children and nutritional status of their children, present themselves differently among mothers of preschool overweight /obese children when compared with the conceptions of mothers of normal weight children. With respect to child nutrition, mothers of overweight children perceive that thin children are most likely malnourished. For mothers of normal weight children, reports stress the family influence and genetics as the main determinants of a childs nutritional status. However, for both groups of mothers, the mother figure is perceived as having a key role in shaping the eating habits of children, but the mothers of overweight or obese children seem to not exercise this role when it comes to considering their children. Conclusion: Maternal conceptions about the nutritional status of children are heterogeneous, which includes ownership of them, and could contribute as one of the factors involved in the development of overweight and obesity of their children from pre-school ages on.
Mascaron, Martin. "Analyse multicritère des marges de pilotage d’un réacteur à sel fondu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI049.
Full textMolten salt reactors (MSR) are Generation IV nuclear reactors, employing at least one salt, liquid at high temperature. MSR refer here to reactors in which the nuclear fuel is dissolved into a salt that, in the same time, is the coolant: the salt is internally heated by the fission chain reaction occurring in the critical zone (the reactor ‘core’). The hot salt is circulated into a heat exchanger, typically transferring heat to an intermediate circuit containing another fissile-free molten salt that delivers it to a power conversion system. The use of liquid fuel presents specificities and potential advantages over solid fuel reactors, that require an adaptation of design, safety, dynamic behavior analysis (short-term control) and nuclear materials management (long-term control) approaches to MSR. A methodology to design preliminarily and define a control strategy for MSR is thus developed in this work. The methodology is then applied to a chloride-salt actinide burner reactor, for the short-term control only. A characterization of the reactor steady states is obtained using a simplified model, R2P2, to define the operating conditions during normal operation. The operating conditions are chosen so that sufficient temperature margins to salt freezing or a limit temperature of structures regarding thermal loading. MOSAICS, a system-scale thermal-hydraulics model coupled to neutron point kinetics is then adapted and used to evaluate normal operation transients and to define their associated regulations. Finally, the reactor behavior in accident conditions is evaluated using MOSAICS. Global sensitivity analyses are eventually carried out to characterize the MSR’s most influential parameters over its dynamic response, in order to propose modifications of the design and the control strategy
Utegenova, Shinara. "Développement d'un outil informatique de pré-dimensionnement et de modélisation magnétothermique des machines électriques pour utilisation sur hélicoptère." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD025.
Full textInspired by the strategy of electrification pioneered in the automobile industry, the aeronautics sector tends as well towards the implement of the electrical propulsion. The hybridisation is the first step in the direction of a completely electrical aircraft. The main goal of this thesis is to develop a computer-based tool permitting to pre-design and model electromagnetic and thermal behaviour of the conventional electrical machines of different typologies suitable for use in the scope of hybridisation project.Basing on a general state of art on the pre-design and electromagnetic and thermal models of the conventional electrical machines, the (semi-)analytical models reposed on magnetic and thermal equivalent circuit methods have been developed. The proposed models have been validated by comparing the obtained results with the results from the literature, the results of numerical analysis or with the results of experimental tests carried out on different machine-prototypes. Special attention has been paid to the coupling of magnetic and thermal analysis. Different sensibility studies permitted to define the application limits of the developed tool
Elistratova, Vera. "Conception optimale d’une gamme de moteurs synchrones à démarrage direct à haute performance énergétique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0022/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop a multi-physical generic model (and a pre-design software) for a range of LSPMSMs which would integrate the advantages of both technologies: self-start asynchronous technology and good energy performance of synchronous permanent magnet technology. The validation of this model is carried out by finite element commercial software ANSYS / Maxwell and by experimental tests using two 7.5kW.LSPMSM prototypes
Tonnelier, Gilles. "Contribution à la conception et à l'optimisation multi-physique de batterie mécaniques pour les applications mobiles." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2048.
Full textTo improve its tram offer, ALSTOM Transport has decided to develop a mechanical batterythat provides energy of a vehicle between two stations. But even if the flywheels are essentiallydevelopped since the 1950s for mobile applications, none of them is designed to ensure 100%of energy for mobile applications. The battery must be light, weigh as little as possible, besafe and respect the specifications.Following a bibliographic data analysis, we undertook to develop a method of pre-sizingmechanical battery by taking into account interactions between different major organs, whereaspreviously, methods were concentrated on developing mechanical batteries part by part.For this, we developed an integrated design tool that takes into account the energy (energyand power), mechanic (strength of materials, rotor dynamics), electromagnetic (electric motor)and geometric (template integration, creation of volumes). We also develop a method forselecting the right materials for flywheels, from which we have compiled a list of relevantmaterials.We have shown that the integrated design is more efficient in terms of integration andbalance between the mechanical and electromagnetic.We also showed that composite materialsare not necessarily the best design choices and materials such as high performance steels areexcellent candidates according to the study area of interest (the threshold being the criticalrotational speed 30000 rpm). We have shown that it is possible to achieve stable areas ofoperation, although it will probably be inevitable to pass critical speeds at startup. The designmethod we developed ensures that the only modes excited are the dynamic modes of bearings,which can be treaten quite easily. It can also represent the system configuration, make a staticstress analysis, study the dynamic phenomena of a mechanical battery, and finally, this methodallows an overall system optimization by the Kohonen method.The results are significant because the systematic method we developed can be applied toevery cases. It helps to know what materials to choose, the configuration you want, presentsgraphically the results of behavioral systems studied and brings a knowledge of the systemunder development. This allows us to anticipate potential changes in design. It is therefore atool for understanding and making during the design process.The scientific path that we have taken is the one advocated by Professor Giancarlo Genta,Italian specialist in the field, at the end of his own studies. This evolutionary approach hasled to increased knowledge of batteries and better mechanical design.Keywords
Mosnier, David. "Optimisation robuste multi-critères des pneumatiques en préconception." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0028.
Full textA global framework has been introduced in or der to deal with pre-design steps. The proposed workflow has been applied on the design of tire dimensions to fit new vehicles specifications. Indeed, industrial design lead time has been progressively reduced in order to bring new products faster to market. Nevertheless, environmental regulations become more and more stringent and the importance given to energetic efficiency during new products design phases increase From day to day. Therefore, design pro cess has to be reconsidered in order to be able to design quickly products which have to fulfil new specifications compared to their former version. The proposed framework uses a genetic algorithm in order to solve multi-objective optimisation problems. Since model calls are computationally expensive, it has been necessary to use surrogate modelling in order to fast en objective evaluations. Then data mining tools using self organizing maps have been deployed in order to cluster solutions. It allows providing the designer a limited number of typing, which are easier to behold. Eventually, uncertainties have been considered during optimization thanks to constraints addition. The proposed framework has been employed on tire dimensions optimization while designing a new vehicle. Therefore design parameters as well as objective functions that have to be taken into account have been introduced before developing corresponding models. Furthermore surrogate modelling is integrated in the optimization pro cess in order to accelerate objective functions evaluations while keeping a good accuracy. The automatic clustering workflow is then a real design support tool. A last step of constrained optimization can be fulfilled so as to refine the proposed solutions. Numerous problems with diverse specifications have been solved with the multi-criteria optimization framework presented. It has been shown that this framework is also able to deal with uncertainties and ensures limited influence on optimal solutions performances. Several examples have been treated as a validation. lndeed, tire dimensions designs have been conducted for several specifications which belonged to different vehicles with diverse properties. Indeed tire dimensions have been proposed for a vintage vehicle as well as electric, hybrid or down-sized vehicles, which would emerge in the upcoming decade
Saad, El Dine Mohamad. "Linéarisation des amplificateurs de puissance à haut rendement en combinant les techniques de pré distorsion numérique et le contrôle de polarisation." Limoges, 2011. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/159b8ebd-0d26-4b99-9c48-fc7f17ff3bf4/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4021.pdf.
Full textModern communication systems require the use of modulation schemes that lead to non envelope constant microwave signals. The peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of these signals is large. In such conditions, power amplifiers used in transmitters are critical devices because they need to be optimized in terms of both electrical efficiency and linearity which are antagonist parameters if conventional power amplifier architectures are considered. Consequently there is a major interest in research activities dealing with new power amplifier architectures that enable to obtain either high efficiency or good linearity performances. This can be reached if linearization techniques are applied to high efficiency power amplifiers designs. In such a context it is of prime interest to develop a laboratory set up that includes dynamic biasing of power amplifiers and digital predistortion capabilities to investigate novel high efficiency and linear amplification solutions. This has been accomplished in this work and applied to the optimisation of both efficiency and linearity of a 10 Watt GaN amplifier at S Band. Finally an experimental study that consists in low pass filtering the dynamic drain bias voltage is reported. The goal is to find a possible solution to enhance the efficiency of the bias modulator circuit without impacting to much linearity performances
Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou. "Survenue du paludisme pendant la grossesse et retard de croissance intra-utérin en Afrique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS238.
Full textIn sub-Saharan Africa, preventive strategies against malaria during pregnancy are usually provided from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Consequently, pregnant women remain insufficiently or not protected during the first trimester. However, recentes studies have showed that malaria before 20 weeks of gestation would be deleterious for the mother and her fetus. The goal of this thesis was to describe the prevalence of malaria infections during pregnancy, particularly those occuring in the first trimester. For that purpose, we set up a cohort of 411 pregnant women followed from the preconception period to delivery in Southern Benin. Microscopic malaria infections were detected monthly using thick blood smear. We showed that microscopic malaria was more prevalent in early pregnancy than before conception and in comprarison to 2nd and 3rd trimester. We observed a significant direct effect of malaria infection in the first trimester on the maternal anaemia at the end of pregnancy whereas no direct effect was found on low birthweight, premature birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. However, women with repetead malaria infections starting in the frist trimester had highest risk to deliver lowbirthweight newborns. Preventives stratégies against malaria should clearly start from the first trimester of pregnancy and they should complement currently implemented measures by combining the administration of efficacious and safe drugs in the first trimester, associated to vector control interventions
Fernandes, cardoso Juliana. "Démarche de pré-dimensionnement d’une machine électrique pour véhicule électrique : optimisation sur cycle de fonctionnement et avec contraintes de l’entraînement électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALT046.pdf.
Full textThe environmental problem is changing the way to see our own needs. In order to make living the way we do sustainable, new solutions are being developed in every aspect of human life. In this context, the transport sector turned to the electrical vehicle. This technology is challenging from a powertrain design viewpoint, due mainly to the system complexity and the vehicle drive cycle.In this work, we propose a pre-design by optimization methodology for the electrical machine and the voltage inverter, considering a target drive cycle. In order to do so, we develop a semi-analytical model of a permanent magnet synchronous machine and present an analytical model of the voltage inverter losses. Then, we develop a method to simplify drive cycles so as to represent a whole cycle by a reduced number of operating points. Finally, we use the developed models and the cycle treatment method in order to create an optimization problem. By using the Sequential Quadratic Programming algorithm to solve this optimization problem, we perform the design by optimization of a reference machine considering different drive cycles
Shanwan, Anwar. "Développement d’un pilote de fabrication automatisée de photo-composites semi-ouvrés (pré-imprégnés)." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH6931/document.
Full textThe overall CO2 emission of the future vehicles, (2020), must be reduced by 30%, according to European directives. A solution that seems inevitable nowadays is the substitution of metals present in the vehicle chassis by lighter and equally efficient composite-materials. To generalize this approach throughout the automotive sector, a short manufacturing time of these materials is required to meet the high required production rates, of up to 1000 vehicles per day. The automated and robotic production of these materials, depending on the photo polymerization technology by UV radiation, meets these requirements. The developed automated manufacturing process consists of two phases: the phase of automated manufacturing of semi-finished composite (prepreg), and the phase of shaping and obtaining the final composite (UV composite). The first phase depends on the impregnation of fibrous reinforcement with a photo-polymerizable and liquid resin, then, on the partial irradiation of impregnated reinforcement with UV rays, in such a way that the resin is not completely cured. Thereby, a tacky prepreg is obtained. The second phase of automated manufacturing process requires that the prepregs must be perfectly reeled up in a form of coils, so that they can be incorporated in a robotic lay-up placement head. Hence, the need to design and produce a machine of automated prepreg production (subject of this thesis) is absolutely necessary. This machine requires automation, characterized by the use of modern instrumentations and control tools (Brushless Servo, Human–computer interface HCI, sensors...). The tests performed by this machine have enabled the production of the first prepregs, of which the results led to further approaches to develop the automation of this machine in order to improve the prepregs manufacturing process
Longchamps, Jean. "Pré-dimensionnement du dispositif de stockage énergétique d'un autobus de transport urbain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27831/27831.pdf.
Full textUrban transit buses have furrowed our roads for a long time now. Both reliable and economical, these vehicles have become one of the most popular mean of transportation to commute passengers throughout entire cities. Unfortunately, the ever-increasing emissions of pollutants caused by the burning of gasoline of these buses, have urged the government authorities to take due reforms in the transport sector so that more and more alternatives are proposed. In this context, the electric buses have recently been identified as viable and promising alternative for reducing emissions of pollutants in cities. Since the technology behind the electrification of urban buses is still young, there is a growing interest on how we should scale its main components such as its engine and its power source. The work presented in this paper contributes in the development of a tool that allows a user to have an idea on the size of the energy source and the electric motor of the bus. The tool allows among others to determine the dimensional parameters of the bus that reflect the choice of vehicle dynamic performance. In deriving the mathematical equations that govern the behavior of the bus, one can develop simulation tool software. By configuring the tool according to the needs of a dimensional study, we come to offer bus designs that meet different situations of use. After analyzing the results from more than 150 simulations, we can show that the size of the energy source depends essentially on the choice of battery type, autonomy target and driving cycle used by the bus. Other results show that the use of the source to meet the energy needs of the heating system of the bus in winter is not advisable. Indeed, in almost all cases, the amount of energy used from heating corresponds approximately to half the available energy source. Finally, we can show that the combined use of supercapacitors and batteries, for low autonomy targets, further reduces the dimensions of the source needed to meet performance criteria.
Zgainski, François-Xavier. "Un pré processeur pour l'électromagnétisme, l'électromécanique et l'électroacoustique." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0127.
Full textZhu, Ye. "Modélisation simplifiée et méthodologie d'intégration des faisceaux électriques dans les simulations numériques pour des applications de pré-dimensionnement CEM en avance de phase." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21789.
Full textCuillière, Jean-Christophe. "Pré-optimisation de maillages automatiques tridimensionnels pour les méthodes numériques : application à l'ingénierie simultanée." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_CUILLIERE_J_C.pdf.
Full textLedoux, Christophe. "Conception par optimisation de convertisseurs statiques pour applications mono-convertisseur multi-machines séquentielles ; contribution à l'optimisation du placement-routage." Thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012SUPL0024/document.
Full textElectric systems are more and more present in embedded applications. They replace mechanic or hydraulic systems. Regarding the replacement of a hydraulic system by an electric one, the mass profit is not significant but can be more considerable by mutualizing the inverters. The aim of that thesis’ work, which fit in as part of CISACS projects, is to develop a pre-sizing methodology of the power floor by considering multi-physics torsions and including the technical choices of components. The first chapter, through the context and the objectives of CISACS project, introduces the problematic of the conception of the static converters to load within future more electrified airplanes. In the second chapter, a functional and dysfunctional analysis of some sort of adjusted architecture to an application such as CISACS is done. Three architectures are considered: the first one, a classic structure with N converters, the second one a mono-points converters and the last one a structure of a matrix converters. In the third chapter, a progressive pre-sizing methodology of static converters by optimization under multi-physical constraints is proposed. Thanks to this methodology, the choice of the active and passive components is automated. In order to refine the sizing of the structure of retained power, we suggest in the last chapter a methodology of placement-layout of the semiconductors of power on sink plan. The implementation of the modelling calls on the electric-thermic-geometric aspects of the system
Haffner, Julien. "Conception d'un sol instrumenté pour la détection de chutes de personnes à l'aide de capteurs capacitifs et de techniques de l'apprentissage statistique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066117.
Full textAlmost 9000 people aged over 65 die each year in France, as consequences of a fall. Falls represent over 80% of all domestic accidents in this part of the population. This number should substantially increase, as the average age of the population is expected to constantly grow up in the next decades. The longest the fallen person stay on the floor without being rescued, the worst are the consequences of the fall. In order to decrease negative effects of falls in older people, it is decisive to develop a technological way to keep isolated people in contact with outside world. In this thesis two fall detection systems are presented, made up with capacitive sensors integrated into the floor. Sensors are totally hidden to the view of people living in the room, in a way that their privacy is most respected. In the first system, parallel sensors are laid out in one direction of the room. One sensor is composed of four electrodes, whose relative spaces have been chosen to favor the detection of a person laying down on the floor. The second system consists of two perpendicular layers of capacitive sensors. Several rooms have been equipped with such sensors. Installing sensors in a new environment has an influence on the measured capacitive signal, due to the own floor configuration in each room. Methods of data preprocessing are proposed, in order to give equivalent detection performances in each environment
Haffner, Julien. "Conception d'un sol instrumenté pour la détection de chutes de personnes à l'aide de capteurs capacitifs et de techniques de l'apprentissage statistique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066117.
Full textAlmost 9000 people aged over 65 die each year in France, as consequences of a fall. Falls represent over 80% of all domestic accidents in this part of the population. This number should substantially increase, as the average age of the population is expected to constantly grow up in the next decades. The longest the fallen person stay on the floor without being rescued, the worst are the consequences of the fall. In order to decrease negative effects of falls in older people, it is decisive to develop a technological way to keep isolated people in contact with outside world. In this thesis two fall detection systems are presented, made up with capacitive sensors integrated into the floor. Sensors are totally hidden to the view of people living in the room, in a way that their privacy is most respected. In the first system, parallel sensors are laid out in one direction of the room. One sensor is composed of four electrodes, whose relative spaces have been chosen to favor the detection of a person laying down on the floor. The second system consists of two perpendicular layers of capacitive sensors. Several rooms have been equipped with such sensors. Installing sensors in a new environment has an influence on the measured capacitive signal, due to the own floor configuration in each room. Methods of data preprocessing are proposed, in order to give equivalent detection performances in each environment
Agier, Marie. "De l'analyse de données d'expression à la reconstruction de réseau de gènes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717382.
Full textAgier, Marie. "De l'analyse de données d'expression à la reconstruction de réseau de gènes." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21707.
Full textJanin, Jean-Pierre. "Tunnels en milieu urbain : Prévisions des tassements avec prise en compte des effets des pré-soutènements (renforcement du front de taille et voûte-parapluie)." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743362.
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