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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-coagulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Dave, Rutvi, Amit Agravat, Gauravi Dhruva, and Ankita Katara. "Comparative Study if Coagulation Factors in Pre-Eclampsia and Normal Pregnancy." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2014/135.

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2

Rukapan, Weerapong, Benyapa Khananthai, Thirdpong Srisukphun, Wilai Chiemchaisri, and Chart Chiemchaisri. "Comparison of reverse osmosis membrane fouling characteristics in full-scale leachate treatment systems with chemical coagulation and microfiltration pre-treatments." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 4 (November 19, 2014): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.468.

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Fouling characteristics of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane with chemical coagulation and microfiltration (MF) pre-treatment were investigated at full-scale leachate treatment systems. In chemical coagulation pre-treatment, solid separation from stabilized leachate was performed by ferric chloride coagulation followed by sand filtration. Meanwhile, MF pre-treatment and the RO system utilized direct filtration using a 0.03 µm membrane without chemical addition. MF pre-treatment yielded better pollutant removals in terms of organics and nitrogen. The study on effect of pre-treatment on RO membrane fouling revealed that accumulated foulant on the RO membrane in MF pre-treatment was significantly lower than that of chemical coagulation. Nevertheless, NaOH cleaning of the fouled RO membrane after chemical coagulation pre-treatment could better recover its permeate flux, thus suggesting that the formation of a loose-structure cake layer by chemical coagulation pre-treatment could allow effective penetration of chemical cleaning and detachment of foulant layer from the membrane surface.

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3

Kanazawa, Akishige, Tadashi Tsukamoto, Sadatoshi Shimizu, Shintaro Kodai, Sadaaki Yamazoe, Go Ohira, Takayoshi Nakajima, Kiyohide Kioka, Yasuko Kawasaki, and Takashi Nakai. "Evolution of laparoscopic liver resection using microwave pre-coagulation and soft-coagulation system." Journal of Microwave Surgery 30 (2012): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3380/jmicrowavesurg.30.133.

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4

Zhang, H. Y., Y. C. Zhao, and J. Y. Qi. "Treatment of biologically treated leachate by oxidation and coagulation." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 1413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.377.

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This work aims to investigate removal efficiency of oxidation and coagulation/flocculation processes, to provide an effective method for the treatment of biologically pre-treated leachate. Leachate containing 985 mg L−1 COD was treated by using three treatment schemes, i.e. oxidation, coagulation/flocculation and the combined process of coagulation/flocculation followed by oxidation. The application of single oxidation resulted in the effective removal of COD and color up to 80.4 and 83.2%, respectively. However, residual COD values lower than 200 mg L−1 could only be achieved under intensive experimental conditions (high dosage of Ca(ClO)2 and prolonged oxidation time). Coagulation/flocculation yielded residual COD values higher than 200 mg L−1 even at the optimum coagulation conditions. The combined treatment by coagulation/flocculation followed by oxidation yielded final COD lower than 100 mg L−1 at the following conditions: pre-coagulation with 250 mg L−1 PFS (poly-ferric sulfate) and over 30-min post-oxidation, or pre-coagulation with 300 mg L−1 PFS and over 20-min post-oxidation. Hence, pre-coagulation with PFS followed by oxidation with Ca(ClO)2 was recommended for advanced treatment of biologically treated leachate.

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5

TAKAOKA, Masaki, Junichi HIROTA, Nobuo TAKEDA, and Takeshi FUJIWARA. "Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge from Pre-Coagulation." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 685 (2001): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2001.685_17.

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6

Tsuchiya, Masaru, Yuichiro Otsuka, Tetsuya Maeda, Jun Ishii, Yoshihisa Kubota, Akira Tamura, and Hironori Kaneko. "The safety laparoscopic hepatectomy using pre-coagulation technique." Journal of Microwave Surgery 29 (2011): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3380/jmicrowavesurg.29.85.

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7

Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Malgorzata. "Impact of pre-coagulation on ultrafiltration process performance." Desalination 194, no. 1-3 (June 2006): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.09.031.

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8

Barker, P., and C. C. Callander. "Coagulation screening before epidural analgesia in pre-eclampsia." Anaesthesia 46, no. 1 (January 1991): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09322.x.

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9

Trotter, T. N., J. K. Wood, A. L. Armstrong, and A. E. May. "Coagulation screening before epidural analgesia in pre-eclampsia." Anaesthesia 46, no. 7 (July 1991): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09682.x.

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10

Flower, D. R., G. Pineau des Forêts, and C. M. Walmsley. "Freeze-out and coagulation in pre-protostellar collapse." Astronomy & Astrophysics 436, no. 3 (June 2005): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20042481.

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11

Vaziri, Nosratola D., Julianne Toohey, David Powers, Kirk Keegan, Abha Gupta, Shariar Alikhani, Mahin Mashood, and Antoine Barbari. "Activation of intrinsic coagulation pathway in pre-eclampsia." American Journal of Medicine 80, no. 1 (January 1986): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(86)90056-2.

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12

Dusse, Luci M., Danyelle R. A. Rios, Melina B. Pinheiro, Alan J. Cooper, and Bashir A. Lwaleed. "Pre-eclampsia: Relationship between coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation." Clinica Chimica Acta 412, no. 1-2 (January 2011): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.030.

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13

Zhao, He, Liang Wang, Zhao Hui Zhang, Bin Zhao, Hong Wei Zhang, He Zhang, and Rui Ma. "Study on Chemical Pre-Oxidation Enhanced Coagulation for Micro-Polluted Raw Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.472.

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The present paper studied the enhanced effects of O3 and KMnO4 as chemical oxidants on traditional coagulation for micro-polluted raw water treatment. Results showed that pre-oxidation using either ozone or KMnO4 could effectively improve the removal of turbidity and organic matters by coagulation. Compared with mere coagulation by polyaluminium chloride (PAC), pre-oxidation using 2 mg/l O3 for 20 minutes could increase the removal rates of both turbidity and total organic carbon by 5.33% and 5.06%. However, the effectiveness of pre-oxidation using KMnO4 was not as significant as that using O3. Besides the direct mineralization of small organic molecules into CO2 and H2O, O3 and KMnO4 could also destroy complex macromolecules in raw water. Therefore, the SUVA value of the effluent decreased markedly after the pre-oxidation and the subsequent coagulation. Based on these results, the process of chemical pre-oxidation enhance coagulation were expected to reduce the disinfection by-products formation potential.

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14

Itonaga, T., and Y. Watanabe. "Performance of membrane bioreactor combined with pre-coagulation/sedimentation." Water Supply 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0017.

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This paper deals with the performance of a hybrid membrane bioreactor (MBR) combined with pre-coagulation/sedimentation. Primary clarifier effluent in a municipal wastewater treatment plant was fed into the hybrid MBR to investigate its performance during long-term operation. Pre-coagulation/sedimentation process efficiently removed the suspended solids including organic matter and phosphorus. Comparison of the hybrid MBR and conventional MBR was made in terms of the permeate quality and membrane fouling. As the organic loading to the MBR was significantly reduced by the pre-coagulation/sedimentation, production and accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) may be limited. Therefore, the mixed liquor viscosity in the hybrid MBR was much lower than that in the conventional MBR. These effect caused by pre-coagulation/sedimentation brought a remarkable improvement in both permeate quality and membrane permeability.

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15

Jang, Yeo-Ju, Jin-Hong Jung, Hyun-Man Lim, Hyang-Youn Chang, and Weon-Jae Kim. "Substitutability of coagulation process by pre-treatment of coagulation･flotation using natural algae coagulant." Journal of the Korean Society of Water and Wastewater 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2017.31.1.039.

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16

MURATA, Naoki, Nobuhiro AOKI, Fusheng LI, Hitoshi YONEKAWA, and Nobuyuki MOTOYAMA. "EFFECT OF PRE-COAGULATION CONDITION ON CERAMIC MEMBRANE FILTRATION." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 68, no. 7 (2012): III_59—III_68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.68.iii_59.

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17

Anup N. Gosavi, OswaL R M, and SanjayKumar Patil. "Coagulation profile in cases of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 5328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3153.

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Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a syndrome of hypertension with or without proteinuria (Preeclampsia) proteinuria and oedema. With additional symptoms like coagulation abnormalities and liver function abnormalities. Preeclampsia is a severe multi-systemic pregnancy-specific, hypertension disorder usually occurring after 20 weeks of gestation, characterised by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria, and it regresses after delivery of the concepts. The present cross-sectional case-control study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital. Study of Coagulation profile in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia comprised of 258 cases which were categorised as preeclampsia, eclampsia and control group with 86 cases in each group. A total number of 258 patients were studied who were categorised as the control group, preeclampsia group and Eclampsia group with 86 cases in each. Preeclampsia was further classified as mild Preeclampsia (48/86) and severe Preeclampsia (38/86). Results-Majority of occurrences were noted in 21 to 25 years of age group, i.e. 45 patients of Eclampsia (52%), Eclampsia (67.44%) and Severe Preeclampsia (63.95%) were found to be more common in Primigravida patients. In Eclampsia group, 40% had mild thrombocytopenia. In Severe preeclampsia group, 37% had mild thrombocytopenia. In Mild preeclampsia group, 67% (32/48) cases showed platelet counts within a healthy range. In Eclampsia group, (13/86), i.e., 15% had prolonged bleeding time (>9 mints) In Severe preeclampsia group, (3/38), i.e. 8% had prolonged clotting time (>11mins) In Mild preeclampsia group and control group, none had prolonged clotting time (> 11mins). In Eclampsia group, (37/ 86), i.e., 43% had prolonged prothrombin time. Study concluded that coagulation profile could help to assess the severity of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia and thus can help to reduce complications if treated early.

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18

Bogdanov, Vladimir. "Blood Coagulation and Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing: An Overview." Current Molecular Medicine 6, no. 8 (December 1, 2006): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652406779010821.

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19

Pikkarainen, A. T., S. J. Judd, J. Jokela, and L. Gillberg. "Pre-coagulation for microfiltration of an upland surface water." Water Research 38, no. 2 (January 2004): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.09.030.

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20

SIMON, L., T. M. SANTI, P. SACQUIN, and J. HAMZA. "Pre-Anaesthetic Assessment of Coagulation Abnormalities in Obstetric Patients." Survey of Anesthesiology 42, no. 3 (June 1998): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132586-199806000-00018.

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21

Ismail, Ibrahim M., Ahmed S. Fawzy, Nabil M. Abdel-Monem, Mahmoud H. Mahmoud, and Mohamed A. El-Halwany. "Combined coagulation flocculation pre treatment unit for municipal wastewater." Journal of Advanced Research 3, no. 4 (October 2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2011.10.004.

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22

Ragio, Rodrigo Almeria, Leandro Fernandes Miyazaki, Márcio Adilson de Oliveira, Lucia Helena Gomes Coelho, Rodrigo de Freitas Bueno, and Eduardo Lucas Subtil. "Pre-coagulation assisted ultrafiltration membrane process for anaerobic effluent." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 5 (October 2020): 104066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104066.

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23

Jiang, Lizhen, Yanbo Li, Yang Li, Caixia Guo, Yongbo Yu, Yang Zou, Yumei Yang, et al. "Silica nanoparticles induced the pre-thrombotic state in rats via activation of coagulation factor XII and the JNK-NF-κB/AP-1 pathway." Toxicology Research 4, no. 6 (2015): 1453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tx00118h.

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24

Chu, Xuan-Quang, Jongwon Kim, Kyhyuk Park, Sungyong Choi, and Hyung-Soo Kim. "Coagulation pre-treatment to reduce membrane fouling in the microfiltration process of Nakdong River water." Water Supply 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.486.

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The effects of coagulation pre-treatment on microfiltration process were investigated with the Nakdong River source water. In this study, the potential membrane-fouling materials presented in the raw water were mainly attributed to particulate matters and UV254-absorbing materials. Coagulation pre-treatment mitigated the effects of these components on membrane fouling because it induced a change in the characteristics of the cake layer and a decrease in the content of UV254-absorbing materials. Even though the coagulated suspensions were not removed before MF membrane filtration, their impact on resistance to filtration was insignificant when compared with that caused by the suspensions without pre-coagulation. However, insufficient dosages of coagulant or the improper controls of coagulation pH might cause severe membrane fouling in the treatment of low turbidity water (i.e. turbidity below 10 NTU). It appeared that a selection of coagulant dosage that focused on the reduction of specific cake resistance was possibly the best way to achieve the optimal condition in this study. Also, the coagulation pre-treatment process at pH values between 5.3 and 6.8 was found to be most effective in providing the lowest specific cake resistance as well as residual UV254 absorbance.

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25

Ali, Syed Imran, Morgan MacDonald, J. Jincy, K. Arun Sampath, G. Vinothini, Ligy Philip, Kevin Hall, and Kristan Aronson. "Efficacy of an appropriate point-of-use water treatment intervention for low-income communities in India utilizing Moringa oleifera, sari-cloth filtration and solar UV disinfection." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.043.

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This study investigated the efficacy of a POU water treatment system featuring sari-cloth filtration and/or Moringa oleifera coagulation as pre-treatments for solar disinfection (SODIS). Surface water from a peri-urban slum in Chennai, India, was treated and analysed for turbidity, organic content via chemical oxygen demand (COD) and microbiological quality via most probable number (MPN) enumeration of total coliforms. Pre-treatment with both moringa coagulation and sari-cloth filtration significantly improved the turbidity of raw water compared to no pre-treatment controls (P = 0.0002). Optimal moringa coagulation did not outperform sari-cloth filtration (P = 0.06), but combining optimal moringa coagulation with sari-cloth filtration significantly outperformed either pre-treatment independently with respect to turbidity (P = 0.016 and P = 0.0001, respectively). The addition of moringa was found to increase COD in treated water, with greater doses of moringa resulting in higher COD levels (P = 0.04). Increased organics may have encouraged the re-growth of coliform bacteria that was observed in those jars receiving moringa coagulant such that, with respect to MPN, those jars which were subject to optimal moringa coagulation did not outperform those undergoing sari-cloth filtration alone (P = 0.41). Sari-cloth filtration is recommended as a pre-treatment for SODIS whereas moringa is not, as further investigation on the relationship between organics and bacterial re-growth is necessary.

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Liu, Cheng, Siyuan He, Bin Wang, Jie Wang, and Wei Chen. "Enhanced performance and mechanism of KMnO4 pre-oxidation to coagulation on the removal of the DON and proteins." Water Supply 16, no. 5 (April 26, 2016): 1432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.070.

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Proteins were the main category of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in eutrophicate water sources and posed a threat to the water quality safety and common operation of water plants, while the KMnO4 pre-oxidation and coagulation were the two important ways to control the organics. Intracellular organic matter (IOM) and phycocyanin were chosen as the target DON to study the performance of KMnO4 pre-oxidation to the enhanced removal effects for coagulation process, and molecular weight distribution, hydrophobicity, two-dimensional electrophoresis and MnO2 adsorption experiment were used to study the mechanism. The results showed that KMnO4 pre-oxidation enhanced the IOM and phycocyanin removal performance of coagulation significantly, although poor removal was found for KMnO4 oxidation alone. KMnO4 pre-oxidation altered the molecular weight, hydrophobicity and proteins' categories insignificantly. However, the in-situ formed MnO2 showed better adsorption ability for the IOM and phycocyanin. The main enhanced removal mechanism was the adsorption of MnO2 formed from the reduction of KMnO4 and little difference existed between the IOM and phycocyanin. In addition, the KMnO4 pre-oxidation could enhance the turbidity removal of the coagulation due to a similar mechanism.

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27

Dowling, S., T. Rich, D. Wang, A. Mageau, H. Hair, A. McRae, and E. Lang. "LO058: Reducing unnecessary coagulation studies in suspected cardiac chest pain patients." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.95.

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Introduction: In light of escalating health care costs, initiatives such as Choosing Wisely have been advocating the need to “reduce unnecessary or wasteful medical tests, treatments and procedures”. We have identified coagulation studies as one of those low cost, but frequently ordered items, where we can decrease unnecessary testing and costs by leveraging our Computerized Practitioner Order Entry (CPOE). Considerable evidence exists to suggest a low yield of doing coagulation studies (herein defined as PTT AND INR’s) in suspected cardiac chest pain patients (SCCP). Methods: Using administrative data merged with CPOE we extracted data 90 days pre- and 90 post-intervention (Pre-intervention: May 20, 2015 to August 19th 2015, Post-intervention: August 20th, 2015 to November 18th 2015). The setting for the study is a large urban center (4 adult ED’s with an annual census of over 320,000 visits per year). Our CPOE system is fully integrated into the ED patient care. The intervention involved modifying the nursing CPOE to remove the pre-selected coagulation studies in SCCP and providing education around appropriate usage of coagulation studies. Patients were included in the study if the bedside nurse or physician felt 1. the chest pain may be cardiac in nature and 2. Labs were ordered. The primary outcome was to compare the number of coagulation studies ordered pre and post-intervention. Results: Our analysis included 10,776 patients that were included in an SCCP pathway as determined by the CPOE database. Total number of visits in these two phases were similar (73,551 pre and 72, 769 post). In the pre-intervention phase, 5255 coagulation studies were done (4246 ordered by nursing staff and 1009 studies ordered by ED physicians). In the post-intervention phase, 1464 coagulation studies were ordered (1211 by nursing staff and 253 additional tests were ordered by ED physicians). With our intervention, we identified a net reduction of 3791 coagulation studies in our post-intervention phase for a reduction of 72.14% reduction (p=<0.0001) At a cost of 15.00$ (CDN$ at our center), we would realize an estimated cost -savings of 56,865$ for this intervention over a 90 day period. Conclusion: We have implemented a simple, sustainable, evidence based intervention that significantly minimizes the use of unnecessary coagulation studies in patients presenting with SCCP.

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28

Jang, N. Y., Y. Watanabe, and S. Minegishi. "Performance of ultrafiltration membrane process combined with coagulation/sedimentation." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 6-7 (March 1, 2005): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0640.

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Effects of coagulation/sedimentation as a pre-treatment on the dead-end ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process were studied in terms of membrane fouling and removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic matter, using Chitose River water. Two types of experiment were carried out. One was a bench scale membrane filtration with jar-test and the other was membrane filtration pilot plant combined with the Jet Mixed Separator (JMS) as a pre-coagulation/sedimentation unit. In the bench scale experiment, the effects of coagulant dosage, pH and membrane operating pressure on the membrane fouling and removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic matter were investigated. In the pilot plant experiment, we also investigated the effect of pre-coagulation/sedimentation on the membrane fouling and the removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic matter. Coagulation/sedimentation prior to membrane filtration process controlled the membrane fouling and increased the removal efficiency of natural dissolved organic matter.

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29

Xia, Shengji, Xinran Zhang, Yuanchen Zhao, Fibor J. Tan, Pan Li, and Yanling Liu. "Effect of Pre-Oxidation on Coagulation/Ceramic Membrane Treatment of Yangtze River Water." Membranes 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050369.

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The membrane separation process is being widely used in water treatment. It is very important to control membrane fouling in the process of water treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a pre-oxidation-coagulation flat ceramic membrane filtration process using different oxidant types and dosages in water treatment and membrane fouling control. The results showed that under suitable concentration conditions, the effect on membrane fouling control of a NaClO pre-oxidation combined with a coagulation/ceramic membrane system was better than that of an O3 system. The oxidation process changed the structure of pollutants, reduced the pollution load and enhanced the coagulation process in a pre-oxidation-coagulation system as well. The influence of the oxidant on the filtration system was related to its oxidizability and other characteristics. NaClO and O3 performed more efficiently than KMnO4. NaClO was more conducive to the removal of DOC, and O3 was more conducive to the removal of UV254.

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30

Ma, Ruo Bai, Kai Quan Wang, and Hai Pu Bi. "Research Progress on the Electric Coagulation of Fine Dust." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2594.

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Fine dust in the atmosphere is one of the key factors causing air pollution as well as fog and haze. Due to the limited efficiency of fine dust collection in conventional dust removal technology, pre-charged dust coagulation between particles to increase the effective collecting diameter, is an effective way to improve the dust collection efficiency. Currently, coagulation technology research falls into three mainly aspects: electric coagulation technology in constant electric field, alternating electric field and pulsed electric fields. The advantages and disadvantages as well as the research status and trends are fully analyzed in this paper, of which the technology that uses alternating or pulsed power supply for pre-charge device has more advantages and efficiency in coagulation. They will improve the efficiency of electric coagulation in further on the improved airflow pole with form and structure and the technical development of alternating or pulsed powers, which will make the coagulation and filtration technologies and new composite technology an important development direction of fine dust governance.

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31

Slomczynska, B., J. Wasowski, and T. Slomczynski. "Effect of advanced oxidation processes on the toxicity of municipal landfill leachates." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 4 (February 1, 2004): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0282.

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The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (oxidation ozone and peroxide/ozone) on the toxicity of leachates from municipal landfill for Warsaw, Poland, using a battery of tests. AOPs used to pre-treat leachates were carried out in laboratory conditions after their coagulation with the use of FeCl3. The effects of the pre-treatment of leachates using the method of coagulation with FeCl3 depended on the concentration of organic compounds and with optimal conditions of the process ranged from 40 to 70%. Further pre-treatment of the leachates after coagulation, involving the use of oxidation with O3 and H2O2/O3, did not cause significant decrease of leachate toxicity. The data of this study demonstrated the usefulness of the battery of tests using Daphnia magna, Artemia franciscana, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Vibrio fischeri for the toxicity evaluation of raw and pre-treated leachates.

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32

Xin, Huaijia, Shu Yang, Yulin Tang, Mengyi Wu, Yang Deng, Bin Xu, and Naiyun Gao. "Mechanisms and performance of calcium peroxide-enhanced Fe(ii) coagulation for treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa-laden water." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 5 (2020): 1272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00005a.

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33

Fusi, L., Leila Hanna, and G. Ward. "Disseminated intravascular coagulation as the initial sign of pre-eclampsia." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 1 (January 1988): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443618809151346.

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34

HIDAKA, Taira, Hiroshi TSUNO, Isao SOMIYA, Yoshinori KANJO, and Masaaki NAKAMOTO. "Development of Pre-Coagulation and Biofilm Process with Aerated-Filter." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 643 (2000): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2000.643_71.

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35

Rees, P. A., H. W. Clouston, H. Shaker, J. Castle, S. Duff, and C. C. Kirwan. "Pre-operative systemic coagulation factors as biomarkers in colorectal cancer." Thrombosis Research 164 (April 2018): S239—S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2018.02.127.

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36

Gutiérrez-Montero, O., and J. A. Reche-Sainz. "Recurrent pre-retinal haemorrhages associated with coagulation factor VII deficiency." Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) 94, no. 8 (August 2019): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oftale.2019.04.008.

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37

Hunt, E., L. Homer, and J. P. Millns. "Study of platelet and coagulation abnormalities in pre-eclamptic patients." International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 11 (January 2002): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-289x(02)80050-4.

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38

Luoma, A., C. Moss, S. Bahadur, and N. Hirsch. "A60 Pre-Operative Coagulation Screening – Is it necessary for Neurosurgery?" European Journal of Anaesthesiology 29 (February 2012): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eja.0000412506.35503.36.

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Tsuno, H., I. Somiya, Y. Kanjo, and T. Hidaka. "Advanced treatment of sewage by pre-coagulation and biofilm process." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0064.

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Treatment performance and operational parameters of a pre-coagulation and biofilm process were experimentally discussed with the pilot-scale plant treating actual municipal sewage. Perfect nitrification was accomplished within total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 h at 20% volumetric added ratio of attached-growth media of biofilm in the aerobic tanks under temperature conditions as low as 17°C. Treatment efficiencies in organic matter, T–N and T–P were high and stable with the total HRT of 8 h in the biological reactor. Concentrations of T–N and T–P in effluent were kept about 2 mgN/L and under 1 mgP/L, respectively. Attached growth bacterial mass and the potential activity of nitrification and denitrification in each tank in cold season were high enough to accomplish excellent treatment performance. Then the process was proved to be applicable to municipal sewage treatment for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter.

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SUAREZ, S., J. LEMA, and F. OMIL. "Pre-treatment of hospital wastewater by coagulation–flocculation and flotation." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 7 (April 2009): 2138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.015.

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Kwon, Seung Yeon, Jung Woo Han, Sung Chul Won, Jaewoo Song, and Chuhl Joo Lyu. "Analysis of Children with Coagulation Test Abnormality in Pre-Surgical Evaluation." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4080.4080.

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Abstract Prothrombine time (PT) and activated prothrombine time (aPTT) are common tests used for screening of coagulation function before surgical procedures. We analyzed underlying causes of abnormal coagulation test results which were incidentally found during pre-surgical evaluation in healthy patients without definite bleeding history. Total 58 children referred to pediatric hematoloy service for abnormal PT and aPTT results in pre-surgical evaluation between June 2006 and May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively by review of medical records. 50 patients showed aPTT prolongation, 5 patients PT prolongation, 2 patients PT and aPTT prolongation and another three patients showed normal PT and aPTT. Among 55 patients with abnormal results, 25 patients (43%) were recovered spontaneously during their follow up tests, 17 patients (29%) showed lower level of certain coagulation factor than reference range and the other 13 patients were lost during follow up despite of recommendation for further evaluation. Mean value of international normalized ratio (INR) for PT and aPTT of the patients recovered spontaneously were 1.05±0.11, 44.53±5.01seconds(s), and 1.12±0.11, 47.0±5.36s in patients with lower level of coagulation factor, showing significant increase of PTT in patients with lower factor levels (p<0.05). Median time required for spontaneous recovery was four weeks and 18 patients (72%) were recovered within this time. Among 17 patients with lower level of certain coagulation factor then reference level, there were 11 patients with low factor XII level, three patients with low factor VIII level, three patients with low von Willebrand factor, two patients each for low factor VII and factor XI and one patient with low factor V level. Among them three patients with low level in von Willebrand factor, one patient with low factor VII and two patients with low factor XI showed deficient level of coagulation factors requiring factor replacement for the surgical procedures. From this analysis of patients with incidentally found PT or aPTT prolongation, 43% of patients were spontaneously recovered during follow up period within 4 weeks in median. However, we also found that 29% of patients had relatively lower level of coagulation factor than reference range. Even though most of them were factor XII decrease which is not closely related with bleeding tendency, six patients had significant deficiencies of coagulation factors requiring factor replacement during surgical procedures. These results suggest that we should keep following up and undergo adequate evaluation for underlying coagulation factor deficiencies in patients who have sustaining PT and aPTT prolongation abnormalities despite of absence of any bleeding history.

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Sorlini, Sabrina, Michela Biasibetti, Francesca Gialdini, and Maria Cristina Collivignarelli. "How can drinking water treatments influence chlorine dioxide consumption and by-product formation in final disinfection?" Water Supply 16, no. 2 (September 21, 2015): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.142.

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In this study water samples of different origins (subalpine lake, artificial lake and river) were treated by pre-oxidation, coagulation/flocculation, adsorption on granular activated carbon and disinfection. Different laboratory-scale tests were carried out to evaluate the treatment impact on ClO2 consumption in disinfection and on the formation of disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes, adsorbable organic halogen, chlorite and chlorate). The results showed that coagulation/flocculation and activated carbon adsorption have the most significant impact on reducing disinfectant consumption. Pre-oxidation of artificial lake water with KMnO4 and NaClO determines the highest ClO2 consumption. Regardless of the water source, the amount of chlorite produced after disinfection with ClO2 is 40–60% lower using NaClO as the pre-oxidant rather than KMnO4 or ClO2. Otherwise, NaClO leads to a high formation of adsorbable organic halogens and trihalomethanes in artificial lake water (up to 60 μg/L and 20 μg/L respectively), while in the case of ClO2 oxidation, trihalomethane formation is 98% less compared to NaClO. Further, adding ferrous ion in coagulation/flocculation improves the removal of chlorite produced during pre-oxidation, with a 90% removal, mainly due to the reduction of chlorite to chloride. Finally, activated carbon adsorption after pre-oxidation and coagulation/flocculation removes adsorbable organic halogens and trihalomethanes respectively by 50–60% and 30–98%, and completes the chlorite and chlorate removal.

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Sun, Xing Bin, Fu Yi Cui, Zhao Chao Hou, and Lin Meng. "Synergic Removal on Chironomus kiiensis larvae in Urban Water Source with Pre-Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.735.

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Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In this work, the quantitative experimental studies were carried out on removal of Chironomus kiiensis larvae in raw water by coagulation-sedimentation process. The coagulation jar test showed that the Chironomus kiiensis larvae could be partially removed from water by coagulation-sedimentation process. Based on it, removal effect of pre-oxidation combined with coagulation-sedimentation process on Chironomus kiiensis larvae was evaluated. The results showed that chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation possessed better removal performance than prechlorinion, and Chironomus kiiensis larvae in the raw water could be completely removed by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation in combination with the coagulation-sedimentation process at chlorine dioxide dosage of 0.8mg/L. The pH in the range of 6-8 did not affect the inactivation efficiency of chlorine dioxide, whereas pH 10 resulted in around 10% decrease in removal rate. Meanwhile, the removal rate of Chironomus kiiensis larvae improved with the temperature increasing within the range investigated of 15-30°C. The removal rate was reduced by 6.7% when temperature reduced from 30°C to 15°C.

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Liu, Ting Zhi, Hong Kai Li, Wei Jiang Duan, and Hui Ren Hu. "Combining Coagulation Process with Biological Pretreatment for APMP Effluents Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.516.

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The moderate pollution load of APMP effluents provides a chance for a new treatment process--combination of biological pre-treatment and coagulation treatment. Biological pre-treatment can reduce the pollution load and produce biomass at the same time. The removal of COD was 60.22% and the yield of biomass was 7.12g/L at the optimized conditions treated by Aspergillus niger. And the removal of acid-soluble lignin and color were up to 60% and 42.57%. The coagulation treatment was applied after bio-treatment by using alum and PAM as coagulation agent. The conditions of coagulation were optimized in this article. The optimized conditions were: Dosages of alum and PAM were 1000-1200mg/L and 2mg/L, pH is 5, stirring time is 30S at 300rpm, the temperature is 50°C. The coagulation removals of COD, color and turbidity were 83.80%, 86.38% and 98.33%. The removals of color were characterized by absorbance of 465nm, 325nm, 275nm and 254nm.

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Gils, Charlotte, Pernille Just Vinholt, and Mads Nybo. "Falsely prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time – a pre- and post-analytical issue." Biochemia medica 29, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2019.011001.

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This case highlights two common pre-analytical problems identified in routine coagulation testing of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which were overlooked because of a concurrent flag code indicating no coagulation and the result was replaced by asterisks. It concerns a boy with gastrointestinal bleeding and prolonged aPTT > 300 seconds, which raised the suspicion of haemophilia. When all other coagulation parameters (including specific coagulation factors VIII and IX) turned out to be normal, aPTT was re-measured using another analysis principle, which revealed a normal aPTT. The primary aPTT result turned out to be aborted due to concurrent haemolysis and lipaemia, but was erroneously interpreted as prolonged coagulation. The lesson is awareness of the possibility of numerous flag codes on the same sample overruling each other, and awareness on the responsibility in the post-analytical phase that must be carried by increased educational focus and by the manufacturers.

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Huang, C., W. Jiang, and C. Chen. "Nano silica removal from IC wastewater by pre-coagulation and microfiltration." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0705.

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Microfiltration (MF) coupled with pretreatment by coagulation was adopted in the treatment of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater from IC manufacturing plants, containing high concentrations of silica. Poly-aluminium chloride (PACl) was the coagulant, while the cationic polyacrylamide (PAA) was the flocculant aid. Preliminary tests were performed with the raw CMP wastewater in order to determine the optimal coagulation condition for subsequent microfiltration. Analysis of the particle size distribution shows that nearly all silica particles were enlarged from nano scale to at least 4 μm in diameter after the pre-treatment. The pre-treated wastewater was then filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane with a pore size 0.5 μm at a constant vacuum pressure. Trace amounts of PAA in addition to the PACl coagulation can effectively increases the permeate flux.

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Choi, K. Y., and B. A. Dempsey. "Low-pressure membrane filtration with unconventional coagulation regimes." Water Supply 5, no. 5 (December 1, 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0032.

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The objective of the research was to evaluate in-line coagulation to improve performance during ultrafiltration (UF). In-line coagulation means use of coagulants without removal of coagulated solids prior to UF. Performance was evaluated by removal of contaminants (water quality) and by resistance to filtration and recovery of flux after hydraulic or chemical cleaning (water production). We hypothesized that coagulation conditions inappropriate for conventional treatment, in particular under-dosing conditions that produce particles that neither settle nor are removed in rapid sand filters, would be effective for in-line coagulation prior to UF. A variety of pre-treatment processes for UF have been investigated including coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC) or granular activated carbon (GAC), adsorption on iron oxides or other pre-formed settleable solid phases, or ozonation. Coagulation pre-treatment is often used for removal of fouling substances prior to NF or RO. It has been reported that effective conventional coagulation conditions produced larger particles and this reduced fouling during membrane filtration by reducing adsorption in membrane pores, increasing cake porosity, and increasing transport of foulants away from the membrane surface. However, aggregates produced under sweep floc conditions were more compressible than for charge neutralization conditions, resulting in compaction when the membrane filtration system was pressurized. It was known that the coagulated suspension under either charge-neutralization or sweep floc condition showed similar steady-state flux under the cross-flow microfiltration mode. Another report on the concept of critical floc size suggested that flocs need to reach a certain critical size before MF, otherwise membranes can be irreversibly clogged by the coagulant solids. The authors were motivated to study the effect of various coagulation conditions on the performance of a membrane filtration system.

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Lee, S. H., B. C. Lee, S. Y. Moon, Y. S. Choi, N. Y. Jang, and Y. Watanabe. "Evaluation of a MF membrane system composed of pre coagulation-sedimentation and chlorination for water reuse." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 10 (November 1, 2006): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.876.

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In this research, we investigated the variation of transmembrane pressure and permeate water quality in pre-coagulation and sedimentation with iron based coagulant, and chlorination of feed water for PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) based MF membrane filtration. NaClO was fed to the membrane module at a dosage of 0.5 mg/L and maintained during filtration. To observe the effect of raw water, three types of raw and processed waters, including river surface water, coagulated water and coagulated-settled water, were employed. In the case of river surface water, the transmembrane pressure increased abruptly in 500 hours operation. On the contrary, no significant increase in transmembrane pressure was observed for coagulated water and coagulated-settled water for 1200 hours operation. The turbidity of permeate was lower than the detection limit for all applied waters. The removal efficiency for humic substances in coagulated water and coagulated-settled water was approximately ten times higher than that in surface river water. And, the removal efficiency for TOC and DOC was approximately two times higher than that in surface river water. From the results of the operation, it can be observed that it is possible to maintain stable operation at 0.9 m3/m2-day filtration flux through a combination of pre-coagulation and pre-chlorination. However, the water quality of permeate was the best when the pre-coagulation-sedimentation process was combined with pre-chlorination. With respect to fouling reduction and operation efficiency increase in membrane filtration, the pre-coagulation/sedimentation process is a promising alternative.

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Sharma, Saroj K., Mustefa Hussen, and Gary Amy. "Soil aquifer treatment using advanced primary effluent." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.663.

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Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) using primary effluent (PE) is an attractive option for wastewater treatment and reuse in many developing countries with no or minimal wastewater treatment. One of the main limitations of SAT of PE is rapid clogging of the infiltration basin due to high suspended solid concentrations. Some pre-treatment of PE before infiltration is likely to reduce this limitation, improve performance of SAT and help to implement this technology effectively. The effects of three pre-treatment options namely sedimentation (SED), coagulation (COAG) and horizontal roughing filtration (HRF) on SAT were analyzed by conducting laboratory-scale batch and soil column experiments. The sedimentation and coagulation pre-treatments led to less head loss development and reduction of clogging effect. The head loss development in soil column using PE + COAG and PE + SED was reduced by 85 and 72%, respectively, compared to PE alone without any pre-treatment. The overall dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of pre-treatments and soil column collectively were 34, 44, 51 and 43.5% for PE without any pre-treatment, PE + SED, PE + COAG and PE + HRF, respectively. Coagulation pre-treatment of PE was found to be the most effective option in terms of suspended solids, DOC and nitrogen removal. Sedimentation pre-treatment of PE could be attractive where land is relatively less expensive for the construction of sedimentation basins.

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Yang, B. M., C. M. Kao, W. P. Sung, C. P. Yang, and T. Y. Chen. "Removing of Nano-Particles from Semiconductor Wastewater Using a Hybrid Treatment System." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.71.

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Packaging process is one of the main manufacturing steps in the wafer fabrication industries. However, nano-particles would be produced during the packaging process. The produced nano-particle-contained wastewater has characteristics of dark color and high turbidity. Because the nano-particles would usually result in the clogging of the membrane filtration system when it is used for water treatment and reclamation, the application of a pre-treatment system is required to extend the membrane life. The objective of this study was to develop a pre-treatment system for packaging wastewater treatment before membrane system was applied for further water quality improvement. In this laboratory-scale study, a hybrid treatment system containing a chemical coagulation/flocculation followed by ultra-filtration (UF) membrane technology was developed for the wafer fabrication wastewater treatment. The chemical coagulation/flocculation unit was used as the pre-treatment process to improve the efficiency of the following ultra-filtration (UF) membrane system. The packaging wastewater was collected from a wafer fabrication factory and used to evaluate the feasibility of the coagulation/flocculation process on nano-scale particle removal. Results show that approximately 98% of turbidity could be removed at pH 7 when 2.2 mg/L of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) (used as coagulant) and 0.5 mg/L of polyacrylamide (cPAM) (used as flocculant) were added during the coagulation/flocculation process. Results indicate that the coagulation/flocculation is a feasible pre-treatment process for nano-particle removal before UF membrane is applied for further water purification. Results from this study will be helpful in designing a scale-up system for practical applications.

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