Journal articles: 'Pre-chamber ignition'

1

Duan, Wei, Zhaoming Huang, Hong Chen, Ping Tang, Li Wang, and Weiguo Chen. "Effects of passive pre-chamber jet ignition on combustion and emission at gasoline engine." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 12 (December 2021): 168781402110671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211067148.

Full text

Abstract:

Pre-chamber jet ignition is a promising way to improve fuel consumption of gasoline engine. A small volume passive pre-chamber was tested at a 1.5L turbocharged GDI engine. Combustion and emission characteristics of passive pre-chamber at low-speed WOT and part load were studied. Besides, the combustion stability of the passive pre-chamber at idle operation has also been studied. The results show that at 1500 r/min WOT, compared with the traditional spark ignition, the combustion phase of pre-chamber is advanced by 7.1°CA, the effective fuel consumption is reduced by 24 g/kW h, and the maximum pressure rise rate is increased by 0.09 MPa/°CA. The knock tendency can be relieved by pre-chamber ignition. At part load of 2000 r/min, pre-chamber ignition can enhance the combustion process and improve the combustion stability. The fuel consumption of pre-chamber ignition increases slightly at low load, but decreases significantly at high load. Compared with the traditional spark ignition, the NOx emissions of pre-chamber increase significantly, with a maximum increase of about 15%; the HC emissions decrease, and the highest decrease is about 36%. But there is no significant difference in CO emissions between pre-chamber ignition and spark plug ignition. The intake valve opening timing has a significant influence on the pre-chamber combustion stability at idle operation. With the delay of the pre-chamber intake valve opening timing, the CoV is reduced and can be kept within the CoV limit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sasaki, H., S. Sekiyama, and K. Nakashima. "A new combustion system of a heat-insulated natural gas engine with a pre-chamber having a throat valve." International Journal of Engine Research 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808702762230905.

Full text

Abstract:

A ceramic heat-insulated natural gas engine has been developed which incorporates a pre-chamber and a throat valve to the main chamber. Low-pressure natural gas is supplied into the pre-chamber to form fuel-rich mixtures in the pre-chamber during the intake stroke while the throat valve is closed, while natural gas and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) gas are charged in the intake port to form a homogeneous mixture in the main chamber. Experiments showed that spontaneous ignition took place near top dead centre (TDC) in the pre-chamber immediately after the throat valve was opened, followed by homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion in the main chamber, featuring very fast combustion and extremely low NOX emission. Effects of engine parameters including compression ratio, throat valve opening timing, the fuel fraction injected into the pre-chamber and the EGR ratio were investigated. It was found from the experiment that 85 per cent of the fuel supplied could be successfully burned in HCCI combustion in the main chamber being triggered by the spontaneous ignition in the pre-chamber, and the HCCI combustion could be controlled if the engine parameters mentioned above could be well optimized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Boretti, Alberto A. "Modelling auto ignition of hydrogen in a jet ignition pre-chamber." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 8 (April 2010): 3881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.114.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bureshaid, Khalifa, Dengquan Feng, Hua Zhao, and Mike Bunce. "Combustion and emissions of gasoline, anhydrous ethanol, and wet ethanol in an optical engine with a turbulent jet ignition system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (February 8, 2019): 3528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019825999.

Full text

Abstract:

Turbulent jet ignition is a pre-chamber ignition system for an otherwise standard gasoline spark ignition engine. Turbulent jet ignition works by injecting chemical active turbulent jets to initiate combustion in a premixed fuel/air mixture. The main advantage of turbulent jet ignition is its ability to ignite and burn completely very lean fuel/air mixtures in the main chamber charge. This occurs with a very fast burn rate due to the widely distributed ignition sites that consume the main charge rapidly. Rapid combustion of lean mixtures leads to lower exhaust emissions due to more complete combustion at lower combustion temperature. The purpose of the paper is to study the combustion characteristics of gasoline, ethanol, and wet ethanol when operated with the pre-chamber combustion system and the ability of the pre-chamber ignition to extend the lean-burn limits of such fuels. The combustion and heat release process was analyzed and exhaust emissions measured. Results show that the effect of turbulent jet ignition system on the lean-burn limit and exhaust emissions varied with fuels. The lean limit was extended by using fueled pre-chamber furthest, to λ = 1.71 with gasoline, followed by λ = 1.77 with wet ethanol and λ = 1.9 with ethanol. NOx emissions were significantly reduced with increased lambda for each fuel under stable combustion conditions. For ethanol, at maximum lean limit lambda 1.9, the NOx emissions were almost negligible due to lower combustion temperature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Feng, Li Yan, Chun Huan Zhang, and Chang Jun Xiong. "Numerical Simulation on the Working Process of a Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.916.

Full text

Abstract:

The working process of a lean burn natural gas spark ignition engine was simulated with a 3-D CFD software package AVL-FIRE. Such simulations were made to analyze and understand the flow field, fuel/air mixture distribution, ignition and flame propagation. The simulations provide basis for the optimization of the combustion system of the engine. Two injection strategies for the pre-chamber enrichment were established and compared. The results indicate that with enrichment injection in the pre-chamber, the fuel/air equivalence ratio is precisely controlled in the range of 1.0 to 1.1, stable ignition in the pre-chamber is ensured, and fast initial flame propagation in main combustion chamber is realized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sendyka, B., W. Mitianiec, and M. Noga. "Study of combustion process with jet-ignition of propane-air mixtures." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2015-0061.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The paper presents the study of combustion process of a homogenous lean propane-air mixture in the cylindrical combustion chamber ignited by a hot gas jet from the pre-ignition chamber. A rich propane-air mixture in the pre-chamber is ignited by the spark plug and the exhaust gasses flow from the chamber trough the holes in the wall. The mathematical model of gas exchange and energy balance in chambers with a laminar finite-rate model taking into account the two-step Arrhenius chemical kinetics is presented. The work presents results of thermodynamic parameters of the charge obtained in CFD simulations in Fluent and Kiva3v for three configurations: with one hole in the wall of the ignition chamber, with three holes and without an ignition chamber. Modelling and simulation have shown faster burning of the mixture for jet ignition with three holes of the pre-chamber. The results of simulations were verified by experimental studies in the combustion chamber of the same geometry by the Schlieren method. The work presents flame front propagation, pressure traces and pressure increment speed for two mixtures with a different equivalence fuel-air ratio. Experimental results proved the simulation observation of faster flame propagation in the main chamber with three holes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ohtomo, Mitsuaki, Tetsunori Suzuoki, Hiroshi Miyagawa, Makoto Koike, Nozomi Yokoo, and Koichi Nakata. "Fundamental analysis on auto-ignition condition of a lubricant oil droplet for understanding a mechanism of low-speed pre-ignition in highly charged spark-ignition engines." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 3 (January 21, 2018): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417751240.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents a study of the mechanism that the lubricant oil droplet initiates low-speed pre-ignition in highly boosted downsized gasoline engines. Low-speed pre-ignition is a phenomenon that the fuel–air mixture ignites before the spark timing, leading to flame propagation that results in a heavy knock. The ignition of lubricant oil droplets is thought to be one possible mechanism for low-speed pre-ignition. However, the oil droplet ignition conditions are not yet well understood. First, the conditions under which a single oil droplet initiates the combustion of a fuel–air mixture were investigated using a rapid compression and expansion machine. When an initial droplet temperature was above 250 °C, the vaporized oil ignited before the gasoline–air mixture, in which case the combustion of the gasoline–air mixture around the droplet was initiated. The numerical results showed that the oil droplet temperature increases above 250 °C if the droplet is heated by burned gas remaining in the combustion chamber from the previous cycle. A direct-injection single-cylinder research engine was operated under the condition that no residual gas exists in the combustion chamber. In this case, no low-speed pre-ignition occurred even if gross indicated that mean effective pressure was 2.5 MPa. These results indicate that an oil droplet does not cause low-speed pre-ignition if any droplet flies into the combustion chamber unless it remains in the chamber over the exhaust stroke.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kun, Liu, Lu Tian, Lan Jian, Huang Xiaoyu, and Yin Guofeng. "Experiment Study of Ignition Characteristics in An Axial-flow-injector Burner for Stirling Engine." E3S Web of Conferences 313 (2021): 11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131311002.

Full text

Abstract:

To investigate the ignition characteristics of an axial-flow injection burner for a Stirling engine, a combustion chamber was designed. Diesel was used as fuel and oxygen as oxidant. The experiments of ignition characteristics were carried out with an electric plug igniter. The ignition characteristics under different combustion chamber pressure, pre-oxygen supply time, oxygen supply flow and ignition position were studied. The experimental results show that, with the increase of the pressure, the ignition time of the burner increases gradually, and the ignition success rate decreases gradually. The oxygen flow rate is related to ignition time in a certain range, while the pre-oxygen supply time has little effect. With the ignition position moving downward, the ignition time decreases gradually.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Pan, Jiaying, Yu He, Tao Li, Haiqiao Wei, Lei Wang, and Gequn Shu. "Effect of Temperature Conditions on Flame Evolutions of Turbulent Jet Ignition." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082226.

Full text

Abstract:

Turbulent jet ignition technology can significantly improve lean combustion stability and suppress engine knocking. However, the narrow jet channel between the pre-chamber and the main chamber leads to some difficulties in heat exchange, which significantly affects combustion performance and mechanical component lifetime. To clarify the effect of temperature conditions on combustion evolutions of turbulent jet ignition, direct numerical simulations with detailed chemical kinetics were employed under engine-relevant conditions. The flame propagation in the pre-chamber and the early-stage turbulent jet ignition in the main chamber were investigated. The results show that depending on temperature conditions, two types of flame configuration can be identified in the main chamber, i.e., the normal turbulent jet flame propagation and the spherical flame propagation, and the latter is closely associated with pressure wave disturbance. Under low-temperature conditions, the cold jet stoichiometric mixtures and the vortexes induced by the jet flow determine the early-stage flame development in the main chamber. Under intermediate temperature conditions, pre-flame heat release and leading pressure waves are induced in the jet channel, which can be regarded as a transition of different combustion modes. Whereas under high-temperature conditions, irregular auto-ignition events start to occur, and spherical flame fronts are induced in the main chamber, behaving faster flame propagation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Tang, Qinglong, Ramgopal Sampath, Manuel Echeverri Marquez, Priybrat Sharma, Ponnya Hlaing, Moez Ben Houidi, Emre Cenker, Junseok Chang, Gaetano Magnotti, and Bengt Johansson. "Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)." Combustion and Flame 228 (June 2021): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Tolou, Sedigheh, and Harold Schock. "Experiments and modeling of a dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition engine." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 6 (September 30, 2019): 966–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419875880.

Full text

Abstract:

The dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition system is a promising combustion technology to achieve high diesel-like thermal efficiency at medium to high loads and potentially exceed diesel efficiency at low-load operating conditions. The dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition systems to date proved a high level of improvement in thermal efficiency compared to conventional internal combustion engines. However, some questions were still unanswered. The most frequent question regarded power requirements for delivering air to the pre-chamber of a dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition system. In addition, there was no study available to predict the expected efficiency of a dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition engine in a multi-cylinder configuration. This study, for the first time, predicts the ancillary work requirement to operate the dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition system. It also presents a novel, reduced order, and physics-based model of the dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition engine with a pre-chamber valve assembly. The developed model was calibrated based on experimental data from the Prototype II dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition engine. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The validity of the model was observed based on the standard metric of the coefficient of determination as well as comparison plots for in-cylinder pressures. Numerical predictions were compared to experiments for three metrics of main chamber combustion: gross indicated mean effective pressure, main chamber peak pressure, and main chamber phasing for the peak pressure. Predictions were within 5% of experimental data, with one exception of 6%. In addition, the absolute root mean square errors of in-cylinder pressures for both pre- and main-combustion chambers were below 0.35. The calibrated model was further studied to introduce a predictive and generalized model for dual-mode, turbulent jet ignition engines. Such a model can project engine behavior in a multi-cylinder configuration over the entire engine fuel map.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Rebrov, S. G., V. A. Golubev, Y. P. Kosmachev, and V. P. Kosmacheva. "Laser Ignition of Liquid-Oxygen–Gaseous-Hydrogen Fuel in a Large-Scale Combustion Chamber." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (717) (December 2019): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-12-104-114.

Full text

Abstract:

The article presents a review of the results of studies of laser ignition of a cryogenic mixture (gaseous hydrogen and liquid oxygen) in an experimental combustion chamber, carried out at the bench testing facility of KBKhA (Voronezh). A laser ignition module specially designed at the Keldysh Research Centre and with parameters optimized for use in the rocket engine launch system was used during the experiments. Fuel ignition by the laser system occurred directly in the experimental chamber without the use of an ignition device or pre-chamber. To implement this ignition method, inflammation of the fuel in the chamber was carried out by focusing the laser radiation into the mixture, with the initiation of a spark of optical breakdown in the selected area with conditions favorable for the start of combustion. The results of the experiments confirmed the efficiency of the laser module during both standalone and firing tests, including multiple launches of the propulsion unit operated on a cryogenic mixture (gaseous hydrogen and liquid oxygen).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Vedula, Ravi Teja, Ruitao Song, Thomas Stuecken, Guoming G. Zhu, and Harold Schock. "Thermal efficiency of a dual-mode turbulent jet ignition engine under lean and near-stoichiometric operation." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 10 (March 24, 2017): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417699979.

Full text

Abstract:

Turbulent jet ignition is a combustion technology that can offer higher thermal efficiency compared to the homogeneous spark ignition engines. A potential combustion-related challenge with turbulent jet ignition is the pre-chamber misfiring due to improperly scavenged combustion residuals and maintaining the mixture composition there. Dual-mode turbulent jet ignition is a novel combustion technology developed to address the aforementioned issues. The dual-mode turbulent jet ignition is an engine combustion technology wherein an auxiliary air supply apart from an auxiliary fuel injection is provided into the pre-chamber. This technology can offer enhanced stoichiometry control and combustion stability in the pre-chamber and subsequently combustion control in the main chamber. In this work, engine testing of a single-cylinder dual-mode turbulent jet ignition engine having a compression ratio of 12.0 was completed with liquid gasoline and the indicated thermal efficiency was measured. High-speed pressure recordings were used to compare and analyze different operating conditions. Coefficient of variation in the indicated mean effective pressure and the global air/fuel equivalence ratio values were used to characterize the engine operation. Lean operating conditions for a global air/fuel equivalence ratio of 1.85 showed an indicated efficiency of 46.8% ± 0.5% at 1500 r/min and 6.0 bar indicated mean effective pressure. In addition, the combustion stability of this engine was tested with nitrogen dilution. The nitrogen diluent fraction was controlled by monitoring the intake oxygen fraction. The dual-mode turbulent jet ignition engine of compression ratio 12.0 delivered an indicated efficiency of 46.6% ± 0.5% under near-stoichiometric operation at 1500 r/min and 7.7 bar indicated mean effective pressure with a coefficient of variation in indicated mean effective pressure of less than 2% for all conditions tested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Tian, Hua, Jingchen Cui, Tianhao Yang, Yao Fu, Jiangping Tian, and Wuqiang Long. "Experimental Research on Controllability and Emissions of Jet-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152936.

Full text

Abstract:

Low-temperature combustions (LTCs), such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), could achieve high thermal efficiency and low engine emissions by combining the advantages of spark-ignited (SI) engines and compression-ignited (CI) engines. Robust control of the ignition timing, however, still remains a hurdle to practical use. A novel technology of jet-controlled compression ignition (JCCI) was proposed to solve the issue. JCCI combustion phasing was controlled by hot jet formed from pre-chamber spark-ignited combustion. Experiments were done on a modified high-speed marine engine for JCCI characteristics research. The JCCI principle was verified by operating the engine individually in the mode of JCCI and in the mode of no pre-chamber jet under low- and medium-load working conditions. Effects of pre-chamber spark timing and intake charge temperature on JCCI process were tested. It was proven that the combustion phasing of the JCCI engine was closely related to the pre-chamber spark timing. A 20 °C temperature change of intake charge only caused a 2° crank angle change of the start of combustion. Extremely low nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission was achieved by JCCI combustion while keeping high thermal efficiency. The JCCI could be a promising technology for dual-fuel marine engines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Tanoue, Kimitoshi, Seiya Ueno, and Yasuo Moriyoshi. "Study on Fundamental Combustion Characteristics of Pre-chamber Ignition System." Marine Engineering 56, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.56.600.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Parthasarathy, M., J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani, E. Prakash, S. Jayaraj, and K. Annamalai. "Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Modified Piston in an IDI Diesel Engine Fueled with Ethyl Alcohol." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.873.

Full text

Abstract:

Compression ignition engines with ethyl alcohol as a fuel are associated with some problems. Because of ethyl alcohol has high self-ignition temperature. It can be used in compression engine by hot surface ignition method which is used to resolve the ignition of the fuel. The modification of the engine is carried out in such a way that a pre combustion chamber is designed in engine head with a provision for heat plug is made on the pre combustion chamber. A piston with squish plate is designed and thermally analyzed. The squish piston helps for attaining better homogeneous mixture than conventional piston. Thus the better combustion is obtained with the squish piston resulting with higher adiabatic flame temperature than the conventional piston. When air is inducted into the combustion chamber it is exposed to high temperature. Modifications for pure ethyl alcohol made significant improvement in thermal efficiency, torque and reduction in specific fuel consumption of an engine. The results exhibit a path toward ethyl alcohol has an effective alternative to conventional diesel engines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Feng, Liyan, Jun Zhai, Chuang Qu, Bo Li, Jiangping Tian, Lei Chen, Weiyao Wang, Wuqiang Long, and Bin Tang. "The influence of the enrichment injection angle on the performance of a pre-chamber spark ignition natural-gas engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 5 (May 18, 2017): 679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017705971.

Full text

Abstract:

Using an enriched pre-chamber is an effective way to extend the lean limit, to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions and to avoid abnormal combustion in spark ignition natural-gas engines. Enrichment injection in the pre-chamber of a spark ignition natural-gas engine determines the flow field and the fuel–air mixture formation quality in the pre-chamber and has a profound influence on the combustion performance of the engine. In order to study the characteristics of enrichment injection in the pre-chamber of a natural-gas engine, two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics calculations were carried out. The influence of the enrichment injection angle on the engine performance was investigated with the aid of a computational fluid dynamics simulation tool. The results indicate that a change in the enrichment injection angle directly affects the gas motion, the fuel–air mixture formation, the flame propagation and the formation of nitrogen oxides in the pre-chamber and further influences the penetration of the flame jets, the combustion temperature distribution and the formation of nitrogen oxides in the main chamber. There is an optimal injection angle for this research engine. Of the four injection angles that were investigated, an injection angle of 14° results in the lowest nitrogen oxide emissions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Xu, Dang Qi, Fan Fang, Hong Guang Zhou, Hua Jian Wang, Hong Bin Min, and Xiang Lin Yan. "Experimental Investigation on Ignition of Low-Volatile Pulverized Coal in a Tiny-Oil Burner in Oxygen-Enriched Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1257.

Full text

Abstract:

To ignite a boiler, fuel oil is primarily used to pre-heat the combustion chamber of a furnace to its operating temperature, which consumes a large amount of oil, especially for igniting low-volatile coal. To save the oil, the plasma-chemical preparation and tiny-oil ignition technology are developed to ignite pulverized-coal. However, it is difficult to apply them to anthracite and lean coal. Therefore, this paper theoretically focused on the experiment of igniting low-volatile coal in a tiny- oil burner in oxygen-enriched conditions for developing an ignition technology to save fuel oil. The experimental results indicated that the ignition of low-volatile coal was achieved in a tiny- oil burner in oxygen-enriched conditions, and appropriate amounts of pure oxygen feeding into the burner could promote the burning-out of fuel oil and pulverized coal, which was beneficial to reducing black smoke from oil and saving fuel oil in ignition process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Song, Ruitao, Gerald Gentz, Guoming Zhu, Elisa Toulson, and Harald Schock. "A control-oriented model of turbulent jet ignition combustion in a rapid compression machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 10 (November 13, 2016): 1315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016670303.

Full text

Abstract:

Turbulent jet ignition combustion is a promising concept for achieving high thermal efficiency and low NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions. A control-oriented turbulent jet ignition combustion model with satisfactory accuracy and low computational effort is usually a necessity for optimizing the turbulent jet ignition combustion system and developing the associated model-based turbulent jet ignition control strategies. This article presents a control-oriented turbulent jet ignition combustion model developed for a rapid compression machine configured for turbulent jet ignition combustion. A one-zone gas exchange model is developed to simulate the gas exchange process in both pre- and main-combustion chambers. The combustion process is modeled by a two-zone combustion model, where the ratio of the burned and unburned gases flowing between the two combustion chambers is variable. To simulate the influence of the turbulent jets on the rate of combustion in the main-combustion chamber, a new parameter-varying Wiebe function is proposed and used for the mass fraction burned calculation in the main-combustion chamber. The developed model is calibrated using the least-squares fitting and optimization procedures. Experimental data sets with different air-to-fuel ratios in both combustion chambers and different pre-combustion chamber orifice areas are used to calibrate and validate the model. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental data for all the experimental data sets. This indicates that the developed combustion model is accurate for developing and validating turbulent jet ignition combustion control strategies. Future work will extend the rapid compression machine combustion model to engine applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sens, Marc, and Emanuel Binder. "Pre-Chamber Ignition as a Key Technology for Future Powertrain Fleets." MTZ worldwide 80, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-018-0150-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wippermann, Nicolas, Olaf Thiele, Olaf Toedter, and Thomas Koch. "Measurement of the air-to-fuel ratio inside a passive pre-chamber of a fired spark-ignition engine." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (August 27, 2020): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00067-w.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper investigates the local air-to-fuel ratio measurement within the pre-chamber of a spark-ignition engine by determining the absorption of light from hydrocarbons using an infrared sensor. The measurement was performed during fired and motored engine operation points and compared to the more common exhaust lambda measurements. The experiment provided data to compare the mixture preparation in a hot and cold environment of pre-chamber and main combustion chamber. The experiment also gives an indication regarding the possible use of a pre-chamber sensor in a motored engine at higher boost pressures and fuel mass flows, operation points that would overheat the sensor in a fired engine. The work also includes the analysis of the fuel delivery into the pre-chamber of a direct and indirect injection engine. Furthermore, pressure and temperature measurement within the pre-chamber provides information about the critical sensor environment and helps to understand the gas exchange between the two volumes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zhu, Sipeng, Sam Akehurst, Andrew Lewis, and Hao Yuan. "A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 154 (February 2022): 111872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111872.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

HÄNGGI, Severin, Thomas HILFIKER, Patrik SOLTIC, Richard HUTTER, and Christopher ONDER. "Control-oriented analysis of a lean-burn light-duty natural gas research engine with scavenged pre-chamber ignition." Combustion Engines 176, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-106.

Full text

Abstract:

Natural gas is well-suited as a fuel in the transport sector. Due to its excellent combustion characteristics, engines operating with compressed natural gas (CNG) reach high efficiency, especially if operated at lean conditions. However, CNG engine research mainly focusses on stoichiometric conditions in order to use a three-way catalytic converter for the exhaust gas after treatment system. With the objective to explore the potential of CNG engines operated at lean conditions, a turbo-charged CNG engine with high com-pression ratio is developed and optimized for lean operation. In order to increase the ignition energy, the CNG engine is equipped with scavenged pre-chambers. A specific control structure is developed, which allows to operate the engine at a pre-defined (lean) air-to-fuel ratio. Further functionalities such as the combustion placement control and algorithms to estimate the conditions inside of the pre-chamber are implemented. The first part of this paper describes this engine control structure, which is specifically developed for the lean-burn CNG engine. In the second part, the effects of pre-chamber scavenging on engine performance criteria such as the combustion stability, engine efficiency or engine emissions are analyzed. With the objective to use pre-chamber scavenging to improve engine performance, a scavenging feed-back control strategy is proposed. In order to control the ignition delay, this strategy adapts the amount of CNG injected into the pre-chamber with a linear controller or an extremum seeking algorithm depending on the air-to-fuel ratio of the main chamber.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Jie, Myoung Seok, and In Tae Johng. "Flame Visualization and Flame Characteristics of Spark Plug with Pre-ignition Chamber." Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5407/jksv.2016.14.3.051.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Attard, William P., and Hugh Blaxill. "A Gasoline Fueled Pre-Chamber Jet Ignition Combustion System at Unthrottled Conditions." SAE International Journal of Engines 5, no. 2 (April 16, 2012): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0386.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Allison, P. M., M. de Oliveira, A. Giusti, and E. Mastorakos. "Pre-chamber ignition mechanism: Experiments and simulations on turbulent jet flame structure." Fuel 230 (October 2018): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Malé, Quentin, Gabriel Staffelbach, Olivier Vermorel, Antony Misdariis, Frédéric Ravet, and Thierry Poinsot. "Large Eddy Simulation of Pre-Chamber Ignition in an Internal Combustion Engine." Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 103, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-019-00026-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Benajes, J., R. Novella, J. Gomez-Soriano, P. J. Martinez-Hernandiz, C. Libert, and M. Dabiri. "Evaluation of the passive pre-chamber ignition concept for future high compression ratio turbocharged spark-ignition engines." Applied Energy 248 (August 2019): 576–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.131.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wang, Li, Zhaoming Huang, Wang Tao, Kai Shen, and Weiguo Chen. "Economy and emission characteristics of the optimal dilution strategy in lean combustion based on GDI gasoline engine equipped with prechamber." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 12 (December 2021): 168781402110381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211038100.

Full text

Abstract:

EGR and excess-air dilution have been investigated in a 1.5 L four cylinders gasoline direct injection (GDI) turbocharged engine equipped with prechamber. The influences of the two different dilution technologies on the engine performance are explored. The results show that at 2400 rpm and 12 bar, EGR dilution can adopt more aggressive ignition advanced angle to achieve optimal combustion phasing. However, excess-air dilution has greater fuel economy than that of EGR dilution owing to larger in-cylinder polytropic exponent. As for prechamber, when dilution ratio is greater than 37.1%, the combustion phase is advanced, resulting in fuel economy improving. Meanwhile, only when the dilution ratio is under 36.2%, the HC emissions of excess-air dilution are lower than the original engine. With the increase of dilution ratio, the CO emissions decrease continuously. The NOX emissions of both dilution technologies are 11% of those of the original engine. Excess-air dilution has better fuel economy and very low CO emissions. EGR dilution can effectively reduce NOX emissions, but increase HC emissions. Compared with spark plug ignition, the pre chamber ignition has lower HC, CO emissions, and higher NO emissions. At part load, the pre-chamber ignition reduces NOX emissions to 49 ppm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Vera-Tudela, W., L. Merotto, M. Balmelli, and P. Soltic. "Experimental study of the ignition of lean methane/air mixtures using inductive and NRPD ignition systems in the pre-chamber and turbulent jet ignition in the main chamber." Energy Conversion and Management 252 (January 2022): 115012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Huang, Yongcheng, Yaoting Li, Wenjia Zhang, Fansheng Meng, and Zhechen Guo. "3D simulation study on the influence of lubricant oil droplets on pre-ignition in turbocharged DISI engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 12 (November 15, 2017): 1677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017734695.

Full text

Abstract:

A skeletal chemical kinetic model for the simulation of auto-ignition and flame propagation characteristics of primary reference fuel (PRF) was developed. Coupled with this model, 3D simulations were applied to investigate the influence of lubricant oil droplets on pre-ignition in a turbocharged direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine at low-speed high-load operating conditions. First, a simulation study on the influence of a lubricant oil droplet on auto-ignition of gasoline substitute and air mixture was performed in a constant-volume chamber. The results revealed that with an increase of the lubricant oil droplet diameter, the ignition delay time for the air/fuel mixture initially decreased and then increased. The ignition delay time was further shortened with the increase of the temperature of the lubricant oil droplet and the temperature and pressure of the mixture. Moreover, it was found that when n-heptane (n-C7H16) was used as a substitute for the direct evaporation product of the lubricant oil droplet, the shortening of the ignition delay time for the air/fuel mixture caused by lubricant oil evaporation was not enough to initiate pre-ignition. When octyl hydrogen peroxide ketone (C8KET) was chosen as a representative of the accumulated stable reactive radicals, the ignition delay time was significantly shortened and was short enough to trigger pre-ignition. Therefore, pre-ignition may not be induced by the direct evaporation product of an lubricant oil droplet but by the accumulated stable reactive radicals. A simulation study on auto-ignition and flame propagation of the air/fuel mixture with the presence of a lubricant oil droplet was then conducted in a turbocharged DISI engine. The results successfully predicted the auto-ignition of the air/fuel mixture near the lubricant oil droplet before the spark ignition timing. Finally, a more convincing mechanism for pre-ignition induced by lubricant oil droplets is proposed to provide some clues for further investigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ravaglioli, Vittorio, and Carlo Bussi. "Model-Based Pre-Ignition Diagnostics in a Race Car Application." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122277.

Full text

Abstract:

Since 2014, Formula 1 engines have been turbocharged spark-ignited engines. In this scenario, the maximum engine power available in full-load conditions can be achieved only by optimizing combustion phasing within the cycle, i.e., by advancing the center of combustion until the limit established by the occurrence of abnormal combustion. High in-cylinder pressure peaks and the possible occurrence of knocking combustion significantly increase the heat transfer to the walls and might generate hot spots inside the combustion chamber. This work presents a methodology suitable to properly diagnose and control the occurrence of pre-ignition events that emanate from hot spots. The methodology is based on a control-oriented model of the ignition delay, which is compared to the actual ignition delay calculated from the real-time processing of the in-cylinder pressure trace. When the measured ignition delay becomes significantly smaller than that modeled, it means that ignition has been activated by a hot spot instead of the spark plug. In this case, the presented approach, implemented in the electronic control unit (ECU) that manages the whole hybrid power unit, detects a pre-ignition event and corrects the injection pattern to avoid the occurrence of further abnormal combustion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Novella, R., J. Gomez-Soriano, P. J. Martinez-Hernandiz, C. Libert, and F. Rampanarivo. "Improving the performance of the passive pre-chamber ignition concept for spark-ignition engines fueled with natural gas." Fuel 290 (April 2021): 119971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119971.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Rajasegar, Rajavasanth, Yoichi Niki, Jose Maria García-Oliver, Zheming Li, and Mark P. B. Musculus. "Fundamental insights on ignition and combustion of natural gas in an active fueled pre-chamber spark-ignition system." Combustion and Flame 232 (October 2021): 111561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111561.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Jie, Myoung-Seok, Jin-Hyuck Kim, and Seong-Yeon Yoo. "A Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Spark Plug with Pre-ignition Chamber." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 31, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2007.31.8.718.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Oshio, Hiroshi, Tomohisa Dan, Masataka Hashimoto, and Ichiro Asano. "Combustion Analysis of Jatropha Oil in Pre-combustion Chamber Type Compression Ignition Engine." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 45, Special (2010): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.45.986.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Sasaki, H., S. Sekiyama, M. Hashimoto, and K. Nakashima. "Low-emission combustion of a pre-chamber-type compression ignition natural gas engine." International Journal of Engine Research 8, no. 6 (November 30, 2007): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14680874jer01607.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Zhao, Peng, Haiwen Ge, Siva Parameswaran, Corbin Freeman, Jared Endres, and James Robinson. "CFD-guided development of a pre-chamber ignition system for internal combustion engines." International Journal of Powertrains 10, no. 1 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2021.10037195.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Palakunnummal, Muhammed Fayaz, Sahu Priyadarshi, Mark Ellis, and Marouan Nazha. "A Cylinder Pressure-Based Knock Detection Method for Pre-chamber Ignition Gasoline Engine." SAE International Journal of Engines 14, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/03-14-03-0024.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Freeman, Corbin, Jared Endres, James Robinson, Siva Parameswaran, Haiwen Ge, and Peng Zhao. "CFD-guided development of a pre-chamber ignition system for internal combustion engines." International Journal of Powertrains 10, no. 1 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2021.114746.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Song, Ruitao, Ravi Teja Vedula, Guoming Zhu, and Harold Schock. "A control-oriented combustion model for a turbulent jet ignition engine using liquid fuel." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 8 (September 21, 2017): 813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417731698.

Full text

Abstract:

A control-oriented engine model is necessary for developing and validating the associated engine control strategies. For engines equipped with the turbulent jet ignition system, the interaction between the pre- and main-combustion chambers should be considered in the control-oriented model for model-based control strategies that optimize the overall thermal efficiency in real-time. Therefore, a two-zone combustion model based on the newly proposed parameter-varying Wiebe function is proposed. Since the engine uses the liquid fuel, a pre-chamber air–fuel mixing and vaporization model are also developed. The model was validated using the experimental data from a single-cylinder turbulent jet ignition engine under different operational conditions, and the simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental data. The relative simulation error of the in-cylinder pressure is less than 8%. For most of the other pressure-related variables, such as indicated mean effective pressure and main-chamber burn duration, the relative errors are within 5%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

PIELECHA, Ireneusz, Wojciech BUESCHKE, Maciej SKOWRON, Łukasz FIEDKIEWICZ, Filip SZWAJCA, Wojciech CIEŚLIK, and Krzysztof WISŁOCKI. "Prechamber optimal selection for a two stage turbulent jet ignition type combustion system in CNG-fuelled engine." Combustion Engines 176, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-103.

Full text

Abstract:

Searching for further reduction of fuel consumption simultaneously with the reduction of toxic compounds emission new systems for lean-mixture combustion for SI engines are being discussed by many manufacturers. Within the European GasOn-Project (Gas Only Internal Combustion Engines) the two-stage combustion and Turbulent Jet Ignition concept for CNG-fuelled high speed engine has been proposed and thoroughly investigated where the reduction of gas consumption and increasing of engine efficiency together with the reduction of emission, especially CO2 was expected. In the investigated cases the lean-burn combustion process was conducted with selection of the most effective pre-combustion chamber. The experimental investigations have been performed on single-cylinder AVL5804 research engine, which has been modified to SI and CNG fuelling. For the analysis of the thermodynamic, operational and emission indexes very advanced equipment has been applied. Based on the measuring results achieved for different pre-chamber config-urations the extended methodology of polioptimization by pre-chamber selection and the shape of main chamber in the piston crown for proposed combustion system has been described and discussed. The results of the three versions of the optimization methods have been comparatively summarized in conclusions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Pielecha, Ireneusz, Krzysztof Wislocki, Wojciech Cieslik, and Lukasz Fiedkiewicz. "Prechamber selection for a two stage turbulent jet ignition of lean air-gas mixtures for better economy and emission." E3S Web of Conferences 70 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187003010.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents the results of thermodynamic and exhaust emission analyses of the combustion process using three combustion chambers. The combustion process research was performed on a single-cylinder AVL 5804 engine equipped with a dual-band compressed natural gas system supplied at different fuel pressures to the inlet channel and to the pre-chamber. Based on the performed analyses, the thermodynamic indicators of the combustion process and the emission factors were determined. Having the thermodynamic and emission analyses of the Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) combustion system, the pre-chamber was selected with the best collective features. The selection of the best chamber was made using the weighted-purpose method for average indicated pressure, CO and NOx emissions as well as the indicated engine efficiency, taking into account the impact factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Liu, Fengnian, Lei Zhou, Jianxiong Hua, Changwen Liu, and Haiqiao Wei. "Effects of pre-chamber jet ignition on knock and combustion characteristics in a spark ignition engine fueled with kerosene." Fuel 293 (June 2021): 120278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120278.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ju, Dehao, Zhong Huang, Xiang Li, Tingting Zhang, and Weiwei Cai. "Comparison of open chamber and pre-chamber ignition of methane/air mixtures in a large bore constant volume chamber: Effect of excess air ratio and pre-mixed pressure." Applied Energy 260 (February 2020): 114319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114319.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Xu, Guoqing, Yuri Martin Wright, Michele Schiliro, and Konstantinos Boulouchos. "Characterization of combustion in a gas engine ignited using a small un-scavenged pre-chamber." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 7 (September 12, 2018): 1085–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418798918.

Full text

Abstract:

Prechamber ignition technology receives increasing attention due to its considerable improvement on engine combustion efficiency and stability. However, fundamental knowledge concerning flame propagation inside the pre-chamber and jet formation in the main chamber is still quite scarce. In this study, a small (<0.5% VTDC) un-scavenged pre-chamber was tested in a medium size gas engine with pressure transducers installed in both pre- and main chamber. Three-dimensional computational reactive fluid dynamics Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations were carried out using a level-set combustion model –G-equation – towards improved understanding of the combustion processes occurring inside the pre and main chamber. The characteristics of the turbulence and the flame at locations just ahead of the propagating turbulent flame front were recorded and analysed by means of the well-known Borghi–Peters diagram. The results revealed that the characteristics of the flame inside the pre-chamber differed greatly from those inside the main chamber due to considerably reduced turbulent length scales. In addition, a wide range of turbulence intensity and length scales are covered throughout the combustion event, presenting a significant challenge to modelling of flame–turbulence interaction. Various turbulent flame speed ( ST) closures widely used in internal combustion engine simulation were therefore assessed and the ranges of their respective model constants explored. A correlation for ST is subsequently proposed by blending two formulations of Gülder developed for small and large scale turbulence, respectively, and compared to the well-known Peters correlation. With appropriate model constants, both successfully reproduce the pre and main chamber combustion for the reference case in terms of evolutions of cylinder pressure, heat release rate and pressure difference between pre and main chamber. Following successful calibration of the reference operating condition, variations in engine speed, load, spark timing and lambda were calculated using both correlations, demonstrating encouraging predictive capabilities of the proposed modelling strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

SASAKI, Hiroshi, Kenjiro YAMADA, and Suguru WATANABE. "Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition Engine with a Pre-Chamber (Fundamental Characteristics of the Combustion)." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B 79, no. 800 (2013): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.79.636.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wang, Nana, Jinxiang Liu, Wayne L. Chang, and Chia-fon F. Lee. "A numerical study on effects of pre-chamber syngas reactivity on hot jet ignition." Fuel 234 (December 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.06.124.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Jiang, Wenjia, Liqiu Wei, Wenjie Fu, Bin Yu, Yan Song, Kai Cui, Yixuan Liu, and Daren Yu. "A newly designed ignition method for miniature radio frequency ion thruster." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 033506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0071914.

Full text

Abstract:

The ignition methods used by micro-radio frequency (RF) ion thrusters have a disadvantage, that is, the starting voltage and flow rate are obviously higher than the rated value, which will easily damage the grid after long-term use. To decrease the starting voltage and flow and reduce the damage to the grid, a new ignition system is proposed in this paper. This system uses an intake pipe as the ground electrode, has an inductance coil and a pre-ionization chamber, and enables the miniature RF ion thruster (Harbin Institute of Technology’s RF Ion Thruster 4, HRIT-4) to ignite at the rated voltage and flow by means of strong electric field breakdown and electromagnetic coupling. The experimental results show that when the flow rate is 1.0 SCCM, the ignition voltage is lower than 1900 V, and when the flow rate is 1.5 SCCM, the ignition voltage is lower than 1400 V.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ye, Ying, Zongyu Yue, Hu Wang, Haifeng Liu, Chaohui Wu, and Mingfa Yao. "A Mapping Approach for Efficient CFD Simulation of Low-Speed Large-Bore Marine Engine with Pre-Chamber and Dual-Fuel Operation." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 6126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196126.

Full text

Abstract:

A natural-gas-diesel dual-fuel marine engine with a pre-chamber is a promising solution for ocean transportation to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) emission regulations. This engine system employs a pre-chamber with direct injection of diesel to ignite premixed natural gas due to its higher ignition energy, which can enable lower lean limit and higher thermal efficiency. The dual-fuel pre-chamber marine engine presents complex multi-regime combustion characteristics in- and outside the pre-chamber, thus posing challenges in its numerical simulation in a cost-effective manner. Therefore, this paper presents a three-dimensional modeling study for the multi-regime combustion in a large-bore two-stroke marine dual-fuel engine, proposing a novel mapping approach, which couples the well-stirred reactor (WSR) model with the G-equation model to achieve high computational accuracy and efficiency simultaneously. In-depth analysis is performed using representative exothermic reaction (RXR) analysis and premixed turbulent combustion fundamentals to better understand the combustion process and to provide guidance in the selection of mapping timing. The results show that the use of mapping to switch from the WSR to the G-equation model can effectively reduce the runtime significantly by 71.5%, meanwhile maintaining similar accuracies in predictions of in-cylinder pressure traces, HRR and NOx emissions, compared to using WSR all along. Additionally, the choice of mapping timing based on several parameters is preliminarily discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-chamber ignition'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles