Journal articles: 'Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection'

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Omae, Yuto, and Masaya Mori. "E2H Distance-Weighted Minimum Reference Set for Numerical and Categorical Mixture Data and a Bayesian Swap Feature Selection Algorithm." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make5010007.

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Generally, when developing classification models using supervised learning methods (e.g., support vector machine, neural network, and decision tree), feature selection, as a pre-processing step, is essential to reduce calculation costs and improve the generalization scores. In this regard, the minimum reference set (MRS), which is a feature selection algorithm, can be used. The original MRS considers a feature subset as effective if it leads to the correct classification of all samples by using the 1-nearest neighbor algorithm based on small samples. However, the original MRS is only applicable to numerical features, and the distances between different classes cannot be considered. Therefore, herein, we propose a novel feature subset evaluation algorithm, referred to as the “E2H distance-weighted MRS,” which can be used for a mixture of numerical and categorical features and considers the distances between different classes in the evaluation. Moreover, a Bayesian swap feature selection algorithm, which is used to identify an effective feature subset, is also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified based on experiments conducted using artificially generated data comprising a mixture of numerical and categorical features.

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Furman, Anatoliy. "Categorical matrix of theoretical psychology." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 2, no. 80 (June 1, 2020): 13–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2020.02.013.

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The methodological research is devoted to the substantiation of the composition, structure, functions, content filling and features of interpretation and usage by the scientist-thinker the categorical matrix of theoretical psychology as an original world of metatheoretical self-reflexive thought-activity. At the same time the cyclical-deed organizational scheme to achieve this goal is purposefully implemented, which focuses on four interdependent fundamental perspectives-stages of cognitive creativity development: a) in the frameworks of outstanding achievements of the most influential scientific schools of domestic and foreign time-space of the XX-th century concerning the creation of a categorical system of psychological science in general and theoretical psychology in particular from different worldviews (situational component); b) in the format of the author’s definition of segments or dimensions of the subject field of this relatively new and so far little elaborated by intellectuals direction of modern psychology development (psychological cognition as a thought activity, fundamental problems of psychology, methodological principles and approaches, tasks, problem and versions of creation of psychology’s categorical order – motivational component); c) in a logically reasoned set of interdependent conditions, regularities, procedures and characteristics of implementation of a typological approach as an accurate, perfect and at the same time multi-module and multifunctional tool of professional methodological work (active component); d) in the complementarity of metatheoretization and reflexive methodologization, when analytical-synthetic mastering is subject to both available in psychological discourse conceptual and categorical definitions and formulations, and the canonical model of theoretical psychology, which essentially appears as an aspect of human existence and in a taxonomically perfect composition of harmonized between each other themes and categorical definitions (post-action component). For the transition from a naturalistic approach in cognition of mental reality and hence from numerous theories of mental and self-sufficient object-centered thinking to self-reflexive directed metatheoretization of psychological science over one’s own achievements on the historical canvas of humankind cultural development by actualizing universal resources of methodological thinking and, therefore, to the heights of theoretical psychology, the author substantiates a five-module methodological optics of the study of its categorical order, covering a functionally level-by-level set of lenses-tools of methodologization at the levels: s p e c i f i c – is a quaternary or quintet thought-scheme as a basic material-means of methodological activity implementation; s i n g u l a r – the construction of a categorical matrix, which allows the creation of 12 systematic taxa of categorical quaternity, semantically presenting theoretical psychology as a separate newly emerging conscious layer of human existence; s p e c i a l – a typological approach in the dialectical mosaic of its categories, principles, norms, procedures, parameters and intellectual means, which allows to obtain a perfect typology in its optimal invariant - the categorical matrix; g e n e r a l – the sphere of professional methodologization-as-practice, which is a dialectical continuation and thought-deed concretization of the world of methodology-as-teaching in its central link – methodological thinking; u n i v e r s a l – a vitacultural methodology that not only enriches the semiotic completeness of culture and expands the existential horizons of consciousness, but also enables the thought-active and thought-deed practice of high perfection. It is proved that, unlike numerical tables, categorical matrices on construction, semantic attachment, internal combination of elements, methodological purpose and functional field of influence on multiplication of ideal forms of thinking-thought activity of human conscious ability make original and heuristic, though supercomplicated tool of cognition and methodologization, and therefore characterize the latest stage in the evolution of rational-humanitarian knowledge in its core – the categorical genesis of both individual sciences and interdisciplinary directions of cognitive creativity. Five advantages of this self-sufficient author’s tool are rubriced and argued in the work: fundamentality of epistemic content filling, logicity of form and way of obtaining categorical ensemble, optimality of structure and internal balance of taxonomic categories configuration, ideality of constructed and designed as a theoretical model of a holistic picture of categories in their harmonious synthesis, practicality in the broadest sense of freedom of metatheoretization, methodologization, thinking action and self-reflection with categories and taxa of the matrix. The optimal architectonics of this matrix was found, which in the central (inner) part contains a systematics of 16 mutually agreed and in certain hierarchical combinations of grouped taxonomic categories, organized into eight taxa, and its outer contour, which forms two (horizontally and vertically) equally named, however different in aspects of consideration of the multidisciplinary object of metatheoretization, chains of dialectical categories “general – special – singular – specific – universal”, which are named as two mutually penetrated thematic bases, that receive the resulting boundaries below and above – generalization of the top achievements of theoretical psychology. In this way 12 categorical taxa were obtained, each of which can be subjected to a detailed study. Taking into account the advantages of the categorical matrix, its five main functions are substantiated and meaningfully characterized – structural-systemic, logical-cognitive, organizational-synthesizing, thought-communicative and instrumental-methodological, as well as, accordingly, has been pointed out on vitacultural, typological, taxonomic, system-thought-action and cyclically-deed approaches that implement these approaches, and on a number of principles that specify each of these approaches. With regard to the essential content filling of the categorical matrix proposed for the first time to the scientific society, it is comprehensively highlighted that behind each of the 12 quintetly ordered taxa of categories (five horizontally and vertically and two diagonally) there is either a direction or a school of theoretical psychology development or a methodological principle or approach in psychology, or a certain system or epistemic organization of psychological cognition or theoretical creativity. It is proved that the stated model of the matrix makes it possible for a psychologist-thinker to achieve a personified (motivated and comprehended) canvas of the categorical order of theoretical psychology, not only in revealing hitherto unknown and little understood dimensions-aspects of human existence, but also in curbing the emotional saturation, vagueness and organic spontaneity of actualized concepts of thinking as a life-giving core of lace of psychological categories, which realizes self-reflexive progress in the bosom of increasing the mental potential of one’s own conscious ability to learn and create psycho-spiritual in all possible forms and markers of its phenomenal manifestation. At the same time, it is concluded that the world of theoretical psychology is the most thoroughly founded and the most meaningfully enriched by the creative scientific achievements of the outstanding Ukrainian intellectual and worthy person Volodymyr Roments. In particular, his multi-volume author’s presentation of the history of world’s psychology, which implements the fundamentals, regularities and norms of the deed’s principle in psychology from ancient times to the end of the twentieth century, contains that extremely important vitacultural material which not only appears as a product of psychological cognition and from which previously unseen horizons of the field of historical-psychological research are mentally spread, but also which can be subjected to repeated self-reflection of psychological science by its individual and collective subjects of creativity. This means that in the future the final philosophical-psychological field of reflection will be subject to renewal, which according to the deed principle is canonically constructed by the talent of Academician Romenets and which requires further methodological comprehension. At the same time, canonical psychology and its derivative epistemic formations (the procedure of canonization of psychological systems, the concept of psychological canon, etc.) in unity with psychosophy of the deed as a methodology of cognition of the sources and essence of human existence are specific cultural patterns of self-reflexively performed metatheoretization, which is implemented with the help of personally well-developed principles, postulates and means of philosophical methodologization (especially the deed principle and the method of action dialectics). In general, a new categorical matrix solves one of the most important tasks of theoretical psychology – provides analytically reasoned selection-construction of the optimal typology of categories by four main criteria: a) by a methodological substantiationess of research tools and instruments of its construction, structure, content, interpretation and usage, b) by a conceptual-conscious completeness of psychological thinking about the mental and psycho-spiritual as separate aspects of human life in the socio-humanitarian sphere, c) by a horizon of conceptual-terminological complementarity of the fields of categories and themes involved, d) by a quantitative set and structural-functional invariance of categorical taxa. Finally, it is reasonably stated that the quintessence of the categorical composition of theoretical psychology at the level of the universal horizontally and vertically of the matrix is the act of metatheoretization in its spiral integrity of situational, motivational, action and post-action components and in the form of individual (personal) and group (representatives of a separate scientific school) implementation.

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Lo, S. S., J. Norton, P. B. Mumby, J. Smerage, J. Kash, H. K. Chew, D. Hayes, A. Epstein, and K. S. Albain. "Prospective multicenter study of the impact of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay on medical oncologist (MO) and patient (pt) adjuvant breast cancer (BC) treatment selection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.577.

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577 Background: The 21-gene RS assay has been validated to quantify the risk of distant recurrence in tamoxifen treated pts in N-ER+BC and predict magnitude of chemotherapy benefit. Since there is little data regarding the impact of RS on MO and pt decision making, this multi-center study was designed to prospectively examine whether RS affects MO and pt adjuvant treatment selection. Methods: MOs stated their treatment recommendation and confidence in it while pts indicated treatment choice pre and post RS assay. RS were returned to MO and pt for routine clinical care. Frequency distributions and co-frequency tables are used to display categorical distributions of nominal variables; means and standard deviations are used to summarize continuous variables. Results: 15 MOs at 1 community and 3 academic practices consecutively enrolled 93 pts (89 evaluable) with N-ER+BC. The treatment plan changed in 31.5% of MOs and 27% of pts. The frequency of treatment changes are in the table below. The largest change induced by RS results was conversion from pre-test CHT to post-test HT (22.5% of MO, 10.1% of pts). MOs stated RS results increased confidence in 68 (76%). 90% of pts felt the RS assay influenced their treatment choice; 95% were glad they took the test. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the RS assay does impact MO adjuvant treatment recommendations, pt treatment choice, and confidence in the treatment plan. Investigator initiated trial supported by an unrestricted clinical trial grant from Genomic Health Inc. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Furman, Anatoliy. "Methodological optics as a thought-deed tool." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 2, no. 2022 (December 1, 2022): 6–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2022.02.006.

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The proposed research constitutes a completed author’s p r o j e c t of creating a complicated complex of multi-module methodological optics of multidisciplinary research of the post-non-classical mode-level of thought-activity implementation, which super-reflexively and meta-systemically complements: a) appropriate multi-parametric optics of the classical, non-classical and post-non-classical t y p e s of scientific rationality according to the logic of their categorical, criterion, attributive and thought-activity complication; b) a five-level structure-functional organization (implemented according to the philosophical categories “universal – general – special – specific”) of methodological m o d u l e s as collective tools of professional methodologization within the framework of the most culturally significant methodologies; c) the ideals, principles, strategies, and norms of the nascent p o s t – n o n – c l a s s i c a l methodology which advocates an interpenetrating type of connection between all sciences, establishes a dialogue of cultures, integrates the unity of truth and morality, rational knowledge and ethical behavior, legalizes mixed methods, paradigms, methodologems; d) foundations-postulates, categories, canons and epistemological organizations of a metamethodological optics which is currently being formed as the newest post-non-classical project of interconnected development trajectories of philosophy, science, methodology, is based on the understanding the optics as an integral mechanism or a complicated complex of selection tools and equipping the lenses-modules of interdependent understanding, thinking, activity, reflection in the canonical format of realization the a c t of metamethodologization, the subject of which is the study of existing methodological theories and systems, at the same time, it is the methodological optics that is the main synthetic objectification and paradigmatic center of the post-non-classical v e r s i o n of methodology advocated here. First of all, in connection with this, based on the principle of action, the essential quaternary subjectifications, the main causes, the instrument-categorical modules of logically perfected methodological optics, as well as the defining criteria for typological distinction of historically variable and culturally different in significance and influence i d e a l s of scientific rationality were revealed. At the same time, m o d e l s of methodological optics of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical science were created and characterized in detail for the first time, their ever-growing quantitatively and qualitatively parametric set was clearly defined, structure-functional connections were described, invariantly were accepted ideals and norms of cognitive activity and the main epistemological organizations and products. In addition, the arguments-positions of the emergence of a post-non-classical epistemology in the complementarity of epistemological and purely cognitive aspects of reflective consideration are detailed and systematized. A five-level categorical scheme of clearly organized lenses-modules of the latest methodological optics of theoretical construction and psychological cognition of modular-developmental interaction as a complex-systemic psychosocial phenomenon is argued. As a result, the methodological optics is grounded in four d i m e n s i o n s or m o d e s of its own thought-active being, namely: “metaphorical construct and categorical concept of philosophical and scientific methodologies”; “a special setting of the research and constructive consciousness in its essential environment – the intentionality of methodological thinking – to its own self-reflection”; “an original reasoning instrument and an effective tool for thought-activity and competent methodologization”; “an innovative modular complex of self-reflective lenses (mainly methods, means, mechanisms and instruments) of construction, cognition and transformation of reality which is used under specific conditions, tasks, resources, capabilities”.

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Marx, Ashley H., Vahini Chundi, Jill Zaccardelli, Timothy Angle, Jonathan Oriet, Michael J. Swartwood, Ross Boyce, Lindsay M. Daniels, and Jonathan J. Juliano. "1040. Effects of An Antimicrobial Stewardship Team-led Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Management Bundle: A Quasi-Experimental Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.904.

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Abstract Background Mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) has prompted the development of “bundle”-based approaches to improve outcomes. Components of bundled strategies include appropriate antibiotic selection, early source control, documenting negative cultures, echocardiogram, and adequate treatment duration. In 7/2016, the UNC Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) began prospective monitoring of SAB patients. Here we describe the impact of these ASP efforts. Methods Quasi-experimental study of patients ≥16 years with SAB 9/2015-3/2016 (pre-intervention) and 9/201/2017 (post-intervention). Patients were excluded if the bloodstream infection was polymicrobial, therapy began at an outside hospital, or the patient was discharged or died within 72 hours of positive blood culture. Minimum adequate treatment duration was defined as 14 days for uncomplicated SAB; 28 days for complicated SAB; 42 days if endovascular disease or osteomyelitis present. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test, significance level of P < 0.05. The study was approved by the UNC IRB. Results 217 treatment courses were included; 114 pre- and 103 post-intervention. Rates of adequate empirical antibiotics were consistently high throughout the study (Table 1). Pre-intervention, individual bundle components occurred frequently: negative culture documented (95%), echocardiogram (80%), and adequate duration of an appropriate antibiotic (71%; Table 2). After ASP intervention, echocardiography and adequate treatment duration rates increased to 92% (P < 0.05, both outcomes), as did ID consultation rates (59% to 67%; P = 0.04). Overall bundle achievement increased from 54% to 82%. ASP interventions were documented for 11 (10%) and 32 (31%) of patients during the periods. Mortality and readmission within 6 months of discharge were unchanged (12% and 11%; 41% and 42%, respectively). Conclusion ASP intervention was associated with increased rates of bundle achievement but did not impact mortality or 6-month readmission. Despite adequate empiric therapy and relatively high rates of adherence to best-evidenced practices, SAB continues to be associated with significant mortality and high rates of 6-month readmission. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Protić, Danijela, and Miomir Stanković. "Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection: Feature Selection and Normalization Influence to the Machine Learning Models Accuracy." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p101-106.

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Anomaly-based intrusion detection system detects intrusion to the computer network based on a reference model that has to be able to identify its normal behavior and flag what is not normal. In this process network traffic is classified into two groups by adding different labels to normal and malicious behavior. Main disadvantage of anomaly-based intrusion detection system is necessity to learn the difference between normal and not normal. Another disadvantage is the complexity of datasets which simulate realistic network traffic. Feature selection and normalization can be used to reduce data complexity and decrease processing runtime by selecting a better feature space This paper presents the results of testing the influence of feature selection and instances normalization to the classification performances of k-nearest neighbor, weighted k-nearest neighbor, support vector machines and decision tree models on 10 days records of the Kyoto 2006+ dataset. The data was pre-processed to remove all categorical features from the dataset. The resulting subset contained 17 features. Features containing instances which could not be normalized into the range [-1, 1] have also been removed. The resulting subset consisted of nine features. The feature ‘Label’ categorized network traffic to two classes: normal (1) and malicious (0). The performance metric to evaluate models was accuracy. Proposed method resulted in very high accuracy values with Decision Tree giving highest values for not-normalized and with k-nearest neighbor giving highest values for normalized data.Keywords: feature selection, normalization, k-NN, weighted k-NN, SVM, decision tree, Kyoto 2006+

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Afolabi, Adedeji Olushola, Adedapo Oluwatayo, Opeyemi Oyeyipo, Rapheal Ojelabi, and Olabosipo Fagbenle. "Assessment of Designers’ Perception of Post Conflict Housing Schemes for Internally Displaced Persons." Construction Economics and Building 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v18i1.5780.

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With millions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) around the world, there is need to implement durable housing solutions post-conflict, that involves sustainable integration and sustainable reintegration using long term shelter programmes in the rural and urban areas. The study aims to assess designers’ assessment of post conflict housing schemes (PCHS) for internally displaced persons. Using a cross-sectional survey, the study utilized a questionnaire instrument distributed to one hundred (100) design professionals that have cognate field experience in the design, construction and management of post-conflict housing schemes. Statistical tools of bar chart, principal component analysis, categorical regression and one-way analysis of variance by SPSS v.21 was utilized. The study revealed that designers considered features such as external design and services, socio-cultural and space and maintenance features in the design of PCHS. Generalized factors considered in the selection of these features include demands of the household, choice/selection of building materials and population of IDPs. The study revealed that the failure of PCHS could be because of politics/partisanship, lack of international assistance/aid, need to make profit and non-involvement of IDPs in the rebuilding process, while the success of the scheme could be engendered by adequate participation of IDPs, effective monitoring mechanisms and increased government and non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) participation. In conclusion, the study developed a framework for the design of PCHS for IDPs. The study recommended that professional designers should objectively consider the contributions and characteristics of IDPs in the design of PCHS. In addition, international bodies should increase pressure on government to increase commitment in re-settling IDPs. NGOs should not relent in their efforts.

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Napolskikh, Dmitrii Leonidovich. "Spatial aspect of development of the economic clustering model of Volga Region." Теоретическая и прикладная экономика, no. 2 (February 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8647.2020.2.32676.

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The subject of this research is the internal and external boundaries of Volga Region as a macroregion applicable to the task of development economic clustering model of its regions. The object of this research is the correlation between administrative-territorial boundaries of Volga Region and its economic zoning. The author examines the historical and other prerequisites for emergence of the set of contradictions between economic zoning, defined by the economic-geographical factors, and administrative-territorial division. Special attention is paid to the theoretical concepts and practice of economic zoning in the territory of Volga Region, presenting the results of clarification of the categorical apparatus applicable to the topic of research. The main conclusions of the conducted study consists in presence of the basis for formation of economic space of the Volga Region, as well as Volga – Pre-Urals vector of economic integration. The article also determines the instability of spatial boundaries of Volga Region as a macroregion during the XX – XXI centuries and highlights the key contradictions. The author’s contribution into research of this topic consists in determining two main approaches towards spatial selection of interregional clusters of economic integration within Volga Region.

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Fenske, Timothy S., Parameswaran Hari, Jeanette Carreras, Mei-Jie Zhang, Rammurti Kamble, J. Douglas Rizzo, Koen van Besien, Hillard M. Lazarus, and Julie M. Vose. "Pre-Transplant Rituximab Therapy Is Associated with Improved Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.19.19.

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Abstract Outcomes following first-line therapy for patients (pts) with DLBCL have improved significantly with the availability of the chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (R). Despite this progress, many pts develop refractory or recurrent DLBCL and are considered candidates for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AuHCT). For such pts, it is possible that R given pre-transplant and/or during conditioning therapy affects the natural history of DLBCL, such that traditional methods of risk assessment and patient selection for AuHCT may need revision. We therefore studied the outcomes of 1,006 pts who underwent peripheral blood AuHCT for DLBCL between 1996 and 2003 reported to the CIBMTR, analyzed according to whether R was (n=188, “+R” group) or was not (n=818, “-R” group) administered prior to AuHCT. Using the chi-square statistic for categorical and the Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables, there were no significant differences between the +R and -R groups with regard to gender, pre-transplant performance status, disease status at transplant, pre-transplant chemosensitivity, second-line aa-IPI score distribution, Ann Arbor stage at transplant, interval from diagnosis to transplant, bulky disease, bone marrow involvement, post-transplant radiation therapy, or post-transplant myeloid growth factor therapy. The +R group had a higher proportion of pts age 61 or older (40% vs. 23%, p<0.001). AuHCT occurred between 1999–2003 in 96% of pts in the +R group, and between 1996–2001 in 93% of the -R pts (p<0.001). For the +R pts, 94% received R only with pretransplant chemotherapy, 3% only with conditioning therapy, and 3% with both pretransplant chemotherapy and conditioning therapy. Conditioning regimens were similar in the +R and -R groups, with the majority receiving the BEAM regimen. In univariate analysis, platelet and neutrophil engraftment were not affected by use of R. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) at 1, 3, or 5 years did not differ significantly between the +R and -R groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 and 3 years was superior in the +R group (62% vs. 49% at 1 year, p=0.002; 49% vs. 38% at 3 years, p=0.010). Overall survival (OS) was superior in the +R group (68% vs. 60% at 1 year, p=0.032; 57% vs. 45% at 3 years, p=0.003). In multivariate analysis, later year of transplant (2000–2003) and age <55 were associated with lower TRM, but pre-transplant R was not. Conversely, pre-transplant R, age <55, and fewer than 3 lines of chemotherapy were associated with improved PFS, while year of transplant was not. Finally, pre-transplant R, age <55, fewer than 3 lines of chemotherapy, and year of transplant 2000–2003, were all associated with improved OS. We conclude that pre-transplant rituximab is associated with improved PFS and OS following AuHCT for DLBCL, with no evidence of impaired engraftment or increased TRM.

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Meier, C., M. Maciukiewicz, M. Brunner, J. Schniering, H. Gabrys, A. Kühnis, O. Distler, T. Frauenfelder, S. Tanadini-Lang, and B. Maurer. "POS0866 TWO-DIMENSIONAL HRCT-BASED RADIOMIC FEATURES IN SSC-ILD DISTINGUISH DRUG RESPONDERS FROM NON-RESPONDERS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2884.

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Background:Management of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is complicated by high inter-patient variability. To date, no validated predictors of treatment response are available for routine use. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)-based radiomics, i.e. the high-dimensional, quantitative analysis of imaging metadata, have previously been shown to be successful in discriminating (SSc-)ILD phenotypes in preclinical and clinical studies1. Since HRCT is an integral part of the routine work-up in SSc, HRCT-based radiomic features may hold potential as non-invasive biomarkers.Objectives:To predict treatment response using two-dimensional (2D) HRCT-based radiomics in SSc-ILD patients from a prospectively followed cohort.Methods:Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of SSc-ILD in HRCT, availability of a suitable chest HRCT scan within 12 months prior to initiation of a new treatment, and availability of clinical baseline and follow-up information. Treatment response was defined as the absence of all of the following over a follow-up period of 12-24 months: relative decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥5%, increase of ILD in HRCT as assessed by a radiologist, change in treatment regimen due to insufficient response, ILD-related death or lung transplantation. Of each pre-treatment HRCT, 6 slices (15±5 mm apart, starting from the basal lung margin) were manually segmented and 1513 2D radiomic features were extracted using the in-house software Z-Rad (Python 2.7). Features were Z-score transformed and pre-filtered for inter- and intra-reader robustness (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.85) and inter-feature correlation (Spearman’s rho <0.9). A categorical linear regression model was created using 3-fold cross-validated elastic nets for feature selection. Features were then summarized and divided by their number. For generation of a score cut-off, Youden’s score was used. For two-group analyses of continuous variables, Wilcoxon’s test was performed, whereas categorical data was assessed using Fisher’s exact test.Results:A total of 64 pre-treatment HRCTs from 54 patients were analyzed. In 9 patients, >1 asynchronous treatments were assessed, while 45 patients had only 1 eligible treatment approach. The response rate within the assessed follow-up period was 45.3% (n=29). For score generation, 13 radiomic features were selected and an optimal cut-off value of -0.1589 was determined. Univariate linear regression showed significant association between our categorical radiomics-based score and treatment response (p=0.007, area under the curve = 0.65 (0.51-0.79), sensitivity=0.90, specificity=0.43), whereby a high score was predictive for treatment response.No differences between patients with high (n=46) or low (n=18) scores were detected for baseline age (mean±SD=55.5±12.0 and 55.5±13.6 years, p=0.84), duration of SSc (mean±SD=6.2±8.4 and 4.7±4.4 years, p=0.79), time since ILD diagnosis (2.7±2.9 and 2.4±3.1 years, p=0.59), FVC (77.6±20.6 and 80.1±17.9, p=0.41) or DLco (54.4±21.0 and 57.6±18.9, p=0.40). Distribution of anti-Scl-70 positivity (45.7% vs. 55.6%, p=0.58) and diffuse cutaneous disease (47.7% vs. 61.1%, p=0.41) was not significantly different between patients with high and low scores, respectively, although a trend towards higher percentages in the high score group was observed.Conclusion:Our results indicate that, following validation in external cohorts, radiomics may be a promising tool for future pre-treatment patient stratification. Moreover, our radiomics-based score seems not to be associated with commonly studied clinical predictors such as anti-Scl-70 positivity or lung function, underlining a possible additive value to ‘traditional’ clinical parameters.References:[1]Schniering, J., et al. Resolving phenotypic and prognostic differences in interstitial lung disease related to systemic sclerosis by computed tomography-based radiomics. medRxiv [Preprint] doi:10.1101/2020.06.09.20124800 (2020).Disclosure of Interests:Chantal Meier: None declared, Malgorzata Maciukiewicz: None declared, Matthias Brunner: None declared, Janine Schniering: None declared, Hubert Gabrys: None declared, Anja Kühnis: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: Speaker fee on Scleroderma and related complications: Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Novartis, Roche. Speaker fee on rheumatology topic other than Scleroderma: MSD, iQone, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Consultant of: Consultancy fee for Scleroderma and its complications: Abbvie, Acceleron Pharma, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx Therapeutics, Bayer, Baecon Discovery, Boehringer, CSL Behring, ChemomAb, Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos NV, GSK, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva, Italfarmaco, iQvia, Kymera, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Roche, Roivant Sciences, Sanofi, UCB. Consultancy fee for rheumatology topic other than Scleroderma: Abbvie, Amgen, Lilly, Pfizer, Grant/research support from: Research Grants to investigate the pathophysiology and potential treatment of Scleroderma and its complications: Kymera Therapeutics, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Thomas Frauenfelder: None declared, Stephanie Tanadini-Lang: None declared, Britta Maurer Speakers bureau: Speaker fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from AbbVie, Protagen, Novartis Biomedical Research, congress support from Pfizer, Roche, Actelion, mepha, and MSD

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Nawas, Mariam T., Miriam Sanchez-Escamilla, Sean M. Devlin, Molly A. Maloy, Sergio A. Giralt, Miguel-Angel Perales, and Michael Scordo. "Dynamic Easix Scores Closely Predict Non-Relapse Mortality after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125834.

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Background: Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) was developed as a simple surrogate of endothelial dysfunction and when evaluated pre-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), is one of the strongest tools for predicting non-relapse mortality (NRM). In several datasets, we have found that high EASIX scores at days +30 and +100 post allo-HCT and at the onset of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are associated with higher NRM and poorer overall survival (OS) (data unpublished). These data demonstrate that EASIX analyzed as a categorical variable at specific landmarks is associated with outcomes after allo-HCT. However, the trend of EASIX scores has never been evaluated as a continuous variable over time. We hypothesized that defining the natural history of changes in EASIX post-HCT would help us identify an optimal time point at which EASIX has the highest discrimination for NRM. We also sought to determine whether changes in EASIX over time may be a more informative marker of NRM. Methods: We evaluated 509 adult patients who received an unmodified or ex-vivo CD34+-selected allo-HCT between April 2008 and December 2016. One hundred and forty-nine patients underwent unmodified, reduced intensity or nonmyeloablative allo-HCT with uniform GVHD prophylaxis of sirolimus/tacrolimus and low-dose methotrexate. Three hundred and sixty patients underwent myeloablative allo-HCT with ex-vivo CD34+ selection (CliniMACS® CD34 Reagent System) as GVHD prophylaxis. The EASIX score (LDH*creatinine/platelet count) was calculated at continuous timepoints from baseline [day -30 to day -10] until 1-year post-HCT. For each longitudinal evaluation, the concordance of EASIX was estimated for NRM events occurring in the subsequent 180 days. A log transformation using base 2 (log2) was applied to all EASIX variables to reduce skew. A one-unit increase in log2 EASIX is associated with a doubling (one-fold increase) of EASIX on the original scale. Disease relapse or death were considered competing risks for NRM. Results: Patient and HCT characteristics are detailed in Table 1. Median age at HCT was 56 years (range 19-78) and 59% of patients were males. The majority of unmodified allo-HCT were done for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (69%), while the majority of CD34-selected allo-HCTs were done for acute leukemia (61%). Most patients had sensitive disease at time of HCT (CR=61%; PR=13%). All patients except two received peripheral blood mobilized allografts. HCT-CI was 0 in 24% of patients, 1-2 in 32% and ≥ 3 in 44%. Sixty-eight patients experienced NRM within 1-year post-HCT. Causes of death in these patients were infection (41%), GVHD (29%), toxicity/organ failure (24%) and other (6%). Among all patients, EASIX scores rise rapidly early post-HCT and peak day +8 followed by sharp decline until day +40. Thereafter, EASIX scores tend to downtrend, but remain above baseline for the duration of the first year post-HCT (Figure 1). EASIX discrimination of 180-day NRM increases from time of allo-HCT until day +180 to +210, when concordance is highest (concordance index=0.85) (Figure 2). Overall, the ability of the EASIX score to discriminate NRM event times is similar when EASIX is analyzed as a categorical variable at landmark timepoints and as change from pre-HCT baseline EASIX score. In the first days post-HCT, EASIX values rise to a similar degree in patients regardless of whether they experience NRM or relapse in the following 180 days. Later in the post allo-HCT course, patients who do not experience NRM, including patients who relapse, have consistently lower EASIX scores compared to those who experience NRM in the following 180 days (Figure 3). Conclusions: Our data are the first to characterize the continuous trend of EASIX scores after allo-HCT, demonstrating that EASIX scores are highly dynamic and have variable concordance with NRM when analyzed longitudinally. While pre-HCT EASIX can be used to help guide allo-HCT treatment decisions prior to allo-HCT, evaluation of the dynamic changes in EASIX scores may better predict risk of NRM over time as patients acquire additional endothelial injury and toxicities after HCT. Assessment of dynamic EASIX scores may be useful in guiding novel investigative approaches to reduce the risk of toxicities and NRM along the allo-HCT journey. Disclosures Giralt: Actinium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Johnson & Johnson: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite: Consultancy; Miltenyi: Research Funding. Perales:Miltenyi: Research Funding; Kyte/Gilead: Research Funding; Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Medigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria; Nektar Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bellicum: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NexImmune: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MolMed: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Omeros: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Scordo:McKinsey & Company: Consultancy; Angiocrine Bioscience, Inc.: Consultancy.

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West, J. K., R. Dhanasekaran, D. A. Kooby, C. A. Staley, J. Kauh, and H. S. Kim. "High-risk factors affecting survival after transcatheter therapy with doxorubicin-eluting beads for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e15614-e15614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15614.

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e15614 Background: Transcatheter therapy with drug eluting beads (DEB) with Doxorubicin is a relatively new modality of palliative treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. It is important to identify prognostic factors which affect survival after treatment with DEB to enable optimal patient selection and to ensure maximal survival benefit. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with unresectable HCC who were treated with transcatheter therapy with DEB between the period of 2005 and 2008 were studied. Kaplan Meier test was used to study survival. Categorical variables were compared with Log rank test and continuous variable with Cox proportional hazards method. Results: The survival rates at one year from first transcatheter therapy in patients belonging to Okuda stage I, II and III were 67%, 35% and 27% (p=0.043). The survival rates at one year from the first transcatheter therapy in Child Pugh Class A, B and C were 60%, 39% and 13% (p=0.003). Portal vein thrombosis was present in 24%(12/50). Median survivals in patients with and without portal vein thrombosis were 335 days(31–638) and 610 days(482–738)(p=0.285). The median survival in patients with tumor thrombus and bland thrombus were 169 days and 335 days(p=0.69). The median survival in patients with main portal vein thrombosis and branch portal vein thromboses were 316 days(135–497) and 550 days(202–897)(p=0.89).Pre- procedure albumin, bilirubin and MELD score were found to be prognostic factors on univariate analysis ( Table 1 ).On multivariate analysis, pre-procedure serum albumin and Okuda staging were found to be independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: On multivariate analysis, serum albumin and Okuda staging were found to independently influence survival of patients treated with Doxorubicin eluting beads for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of portal vein thrombosis did not affect the long term survival. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Steensels, Machteld, Ephraim Maltz, Claudia Bahr, Daniel Berckmans, Aharon Antler, and Ilan Halachmi. "Towards practical application of sensors for monitoring animal health; design and validation of a model to detect ketosis." Journal of Dairy Research 84, no. 2 (May 2017): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000188.

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The objective of this study was to design and validate a mathematical model to detect post-calving ketosis. The validation was conducted in four commercial dairy farms in Israel, on a total of 706 multiparous Holstein dairy cows: 203 cows clinically diagnosed with ketosis and 503 healthy cows. A logistic binary regression model was developed, where the dependent variable is categorical (healthy/diseased) and a set of explanatory variables were measured with existing commercial sensors: rumination duration, activity and milk yield of each individual cow. In a first validation step (within-farm), the model was calibrated on the database of each farm separately. Two thirds of the sick cows and an equal number of healthy cows were randomly selected for model validation. The remaining one third of the cows, which did not participate in the model validation, were used for model calibration. In order to overcome the random selection effect, this procedure was repeated 100 times. In a second (between-farms) validation step, the model was calibrated on one farm and validated on another farm. Within-farm accuracy, ranging from 74 to 79%, was higher than between-farm accuracy, ranging from 49 to 72%, in all farms. The within-farm sensitivities ranged from 78 to 90%, and specificities ranged from 71 to 74%. The between-farms sensitivities ranged from 65 to 95%. The developed model can be improved in future research, by employing other variables that can be added; or by exploring other models to achieve greater sensitivity and specificity.

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Palmer, Craig T., B. Eric Fredrickson, and Christopher F. Tilley. "Group selection or categorical perception?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00044022.

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AbstractHumans appear to be possible candidates for group selection because they are often said to live in bands, clans, and tribes. These terms, however, are only names for conceptual categories of people. They do not designate enduring bounded gatherings of people that might be “vehicles of selection.” Hence, group selection has probably not been a major force in human evolution.

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Wagner, Eric G. "A categorical treatment of pre- and post-conditions." Theoretical Computer Science 53, no. 1 (1987): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(87)90025-9.

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Odoi, Agricola, Ronita Samuels, Craig N. Carter, and Jackie Smith. "Antibiotic prescription practices and opinions regarding antimicrobial resistance among veterinarians in Kentucky, USA." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): e0249653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249653.

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Background Inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) is a global concern. Opinions of veterinarians regarding AMU and its role in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may influence their prescription practices. It is important to understand these opinions, prescription practices and their potential impact on the development of AMR in order to guide efforts to curb the problem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial prescription practices and opinions of veterinarians in Kentucky regarding AMU and AMR. Methods This cross-sectional study used a 30-question survey questionnaire administered to veterinarians who were members of the Kentucky Veterinary Medical Association. Survey responses from 101 participants were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed and associations between categorical variables assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Firth logistic models were used to investigate predictors of “Compliance with prescription policies” and “Cost of antimicrobial affects prescription decisions”. Results Almost all (93%) respondents indicated that improper AMU contributed to selection for AMR. A total of 52% of the respondents believed that antimicrobials were appropriately prescribed, while the remaining 48% believed that antimicrobials were inappropriately prescribed. Significant predictors of compliance with prescription policies were availability of prescription policy at the veterinary facility (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.2; p<0.001) and over-prescription (OR = 0.35; p = 0.025). Similarly, significant predictors of cost of antimicrobials affecting prescription decisions were lack of post-graduate training (OR = 8.3; p = 0.008) and practice type, with large animal practices having significantly lower odds of the outcome (OR = 0.09; p = 0.004) than small animal practices. Conclusion Most veterinarians indicated that improper AMU contributed to selection for AMR. Since the odds of compliance with prescription policies were 4-times higher among veterinarians working at facilities that had prescription policies compared to those at facilities that didn’t, more veterinary facilities should be encouraged to adopt prescription policies to help improve compliance and reduce AMR. Veterinarians would also benefit from continued professional education to help improve prescription practices, antimicrobial stewardship and curb AMR.

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Clawson, Jeff, Greg Scott, Weston Lloyd, Brett Patterson, Tracey Barron, Isabel Gardett, and Christopher Olola. "Outcome Accuracy of the Emergency Medical Dispatcher's Initial Selection of a Diabetic Problems Protocol." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 1 (December 10, 2013): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13008923.

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AbstractIntroductionDiabetes mellitus, although a chronic disease, also can cause acute, sudden symptoms requiring emergency intervention. In these cases, Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) must identify true diabetic complaints in order to determine the correct care. In 911 systems utilizing the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), International Academies of Emergency Dispatch-certified EMDs determine a patient's chief complaint by matching the caller's response to an initial pre-scripted question to one of 37 possible chief complaints protocols. The ability of EMDs to identify true diabetic-triggered events reported through 911 has not been studied.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to determine the percentage of EMD-recorded patient cases (using the Diabetic Problems protocol in the MPDS) that were confirmed by either attending paramedics or the hospital as experiencing a diabetic-triggered event.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving six hospitals, one fire department, and one ambulance service in Salt Lake City, Utah USA. Dispatch data for one year recorded under the Diabetic Problems protocol, along with the associated paramedic and hospital outcome data, were reviewed/analyzed. The outcome measures were: the percentage of cases that had diabetic history, percentage of EMD-identified diabetic problems cases that were confirmed by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and/or hospital records as true diabetic-triggered events, and percentage of EMD-identified diabetic patients who also had other medical conditions. A diabetic-triggered event was defined as one in which the patient's emergency was directly caused by diabetes or its medical management. Descriptive statistics were used for categorical measures and parametric statistical methods assessed the differences between study groups, for continuous measures.ResultsThree-hundred ninety-three patient cases were assigned to the Diabetic Problems Chief Complaint protocol. Of the 367 (93.4%) patients who had a documented history of diabetes, 279 (76%) were determined to have had a diabetic-triggered event. However, only 12 (3.6%) initially assigned to this protocol did not have a confirmed history of diabetes.ConclusionsUsing the MPDS to select the Diabetic Problems Chief Complaint protocol, the EMDs correctly identified a true diabetic-triggered event the majority of the time. However, many patients had other medical conditions, which complicated the initial classification of true diabetic-triggered events. Future studies should examine the associations between the five specific Diabetic Problems Chief Complaint protocol determinant codes (triage priority levels) and severity measures, eg, blood sugar level and Glasgow Coma Score.ClawsonJ, ScottG, LloydW, PattersonB, BarronT, GardettI, OlolaC. Outcome accuracy of the Emergency Medical Dispatcher's initial selection of a Diabetic Problems Protocol. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013:28(6):1-6.

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Zhang, Lifeng, Shimo Yang, and Hongxun Jiang. "Categorical Neighbour Correlation Coefficient (CnCor) for Detecting Relationships between Categorical Variables." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 8 (June 28, 2022): 9048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i8.20889.

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Categorical data is common and, however, special in that its possible values exist only on a nominal scale so that many statistical operations such as mean, variance, and covariance become not applicable. Following the basic idea of the neighbour correlation coefficient (nCor), in this study, we propose a new measure named the categorical nCor (CnCor) to examine the association between categorical variables through using indicator functions to reform the distance metric and product-moment correlation coefficient. The proposed measure is easy to compute, and enables a direct test of statistical dependence without the need of converting the qualitative variables to quantitative ones. Compare to previous approaches, it is much more robust and effective in dealing with multi-categorical target variables especially when highly nonlinear relationships occurs in the multivariate case. We also applied the CnCor to implementing feature selection by the scheme of backward elimination. Finally, extensive experiments performed on both synthetic and real-world datasets are conducted to demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed methods, and draw comparisons with state-of-the-art association measures and feature selection algorithms.

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Meuwissen, T. H. E., B. Engel, and J. H. J. van der Werf. "Maximizing selection efficiency for categorical traits." Journal of Animal Science 73, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1995.7371933x.

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Mikkilineni, Lekha, Kinjal Parikh, Fern Martin, Dolores Grosso, Benjamin Leiby, Onder Alpdogan, Matthew Carabasi, et al. "Smoking History and Pre-Transplant Pulmonary Function Predict Post-Transplant Respiratory Failure, Acute Renal Failure Requiring Dialysis and 100-Day Mortality in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4394.4394.

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Abstract Background: Transplant related mortality(TRM) associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has necessitated risk-stratification that allows practitioners to make informed choices regarding patient selection for HSCT. Although pulmonary function testing (PFT) is obtained prior to HSCT at most institutions, and incorporated into common comorbidity indices (e.g. HCT-CI) there is no standard protocol to determine suitability for HSCT specific to lung disease. Also, there is a lack of data regarding the impact of tobacco use prior to HSCT. Recently, the association between smoking and kidney disease has gained attention. Tobacco-mediated kidney disease may be prognostic for renal failure post-HSCT. We studied the impact of tobacco use and lung function prior to HSCT on 30- and 100-day mortality as well as the frequency of post-HSCT respiratory and renal failure. Methods: We reviewed consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT at our institution from 2004 -2014 for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Smoking was categorized as never (0 pack years), low dose (<10 pack years) and high dose (≥10 pack years). FEV/FVC was categorized <0.7, 0.7-0.8 and ≥0.8 of predicted. Association of categorical variables with outcomes and potential confounding variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. Adjusted estimates of association were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. Outcomes were 30 day mortality, 100 day mortality, ventilator and dialysis dependence. Results: Of 373 subjects who underwent allogeneic HSCT, 315 (84%) had complete smoking histories (42% female, 58% male). AML (44.1%) accounted for the most frequent diagnosis followed by NHL (22.2%), ALL (14.3%), MDS (12.1%) and MM (7.3%). The 30 day mortality was 6.4%, 100 day mortality was 16.5%. 23.5% of patients required mechanical ventilation while 12.4% required dialysis. 46.7% of patients were smokers; 31.8% high dose smokers, 14.9% low dose smokers. There was an 11% increase in ventilator-dependency among high-dose smokers compared to none or low-dose (p=0.032), with a trend toward higher incidence of 100-day mortality with high dose smokers (31%) compared with low dose smokers (23.4%) and never-smokers (19.1%), (p=0.083). High dose smokers were more likely to have reduced pulmonary function with FEV/FVC < 70% (p=0.0004). Patients with FEV/FVC < 70% had a 14% increase in 100-day mortality with an almost 20% increased chance of ventilator dependency (p=0.022) and 17.6% increased incidence of dialysis dependency (p=0.032). DLCO did not correlate to any endpoint with statistical significance. Patients with MDS had the highest proportion of high dose smokers (47.4%; p=0.0023) and highest percentage of patients with FEV/FVC < 70% (18.4%, p=0.0037). Patients with MDS also had the highest 30-day mortality (18.4%, p=0.023), 100-day mortality (31.6%, p=0.0012), ventilator dependency (47.4%, p=0.0014) and dialysis dependency (31.6%, p=0.0036). Discussion: Our results differ from prior studies looking at the utility of FEV1 and DLCO in pre-HSCT PFTs as predictive markers; neither had prognostic value. We found that high dose smoking history and reduced FEV1/FVC were significantly associated with post-HSCT ventilator dependence, dialysis dependence and mortality. These results underscore the need for future studies that examine the relationship between smoking, lung function and renal failure post-HSCT. Our study did not demonstrate that low dose smoking predicts worse outcomes post-HSCT, but future studies may help provide patients with more accurate pre-HSCT counseling. Patients with MDS were the largest population of high dose-smokers and had the highest proportion of 100-day mortality, ventilator and dialysis dependency. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Bhaskaran, Jayabharathi. "EFFECTIVENESS OF HANDS OFF VERSUS HANDS ON TECHNIQUES ON PERINEAL TRAUMA AND PERINEAL PAIN AMONG PARTURIENT MOTHERS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14045.

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Background: Labor is the process by which the fetus and the placenta leave the uterus. Delivery can occur in two ways, vaginally or by a cesarean delivery. The majority of women who have a vaginal birth will sustain perineal trauma from a spontaneous perineal tear or episiotomy or both.Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of hands off versus hands on techniques on perineal trauma and perineal pain among parturient mothers in selected hospitals, Kerala.Methods: The research design adopted in this study was true experimental post test only design. The study was conducted in 3 hospitals at Kerala such as Karothukuzhiyil hospital Pvt, Lakshmi hospital Pvt and Carmal hospital Pvt. Sample size was computed by power analysis based on the previous studies and it would be a total of 90 samples, with 30 parturient mothers in each groups. Simple random sampling technique (Lottery method) was adopted for the selection of parturient mothers into the study. Perineal trauma was assessed by the scale given by Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG), 2001, and visual analogue scale (Combined numerical and categorical pain scale) was used to assess the perineal pain of parturient mothers.Results: The results showed that, there was extremely significant difference found in perineal trauma and perineal pain of parturient mothers between study group I and study II at p=0.000 level. The mean scores of study group I was lesser than the mean scores of study group II. Conclusion: Different perineal techniques and interventions such as hands on technique, hands off technique, perineal massage, warm compresses etc can be widely used by midwives and birth attendants to prevent perineal trauma during labour. Key words: hands off technique, hands on technique, perineal trauma and perineal pain

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Jokhio, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Nadir Khan, Nazish Saeed, Mehtab Jokhio, Jahanzaib Ali, Muhammad Naeem Tariq, Abdul Hameed Siddiqui, Ghulam Rasool Maken, Mohsin Saif, and Syed Khurram Shahzad. "Diffused Myocardial Inflammation in COVID-19 Associated Myocarditis Detected by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Post-COVID Patients." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, SUPPL-3 (November 21, 2022): S418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72isuppl-3.9524.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of myocarditis in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection. Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Department, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Disease, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jul 2020 till Apr 2022. Methodology: All patients who underwent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging after recovery from COVID-19 were enrolled. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used for sample selection and was calculated on the basis of Gpower. Data of patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria was selected. All PCR positive cases of COVID-19 who recovered from COVID-19 and completed their 12 days of isolation not exceeding 60 days of 1st Polymerase chain reaction positive, and who have any symptoms of shortness of breath, fatigue and chest pain with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on 2Dechocardiogram were included in the study. Data was recorded, stored, and analyzed by using SPSS version-21. Quantitative data was reported as Mean±SD. Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. To determine theassociation between different variables Chi square test was used. Results: Total 83 patients were included in this study who recovered from COVID-19 and underwent Cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Mean age of the patients was 39.17±12.9 years. 67(80.72%) were male while 16(19.28%) were females.50(60%) had myocarditis after recovery from COVID-19. This study showed statistically significant association of all the Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging findings with Myocarditis (p<0.05) at 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. Conclusion: Early detection of COVID-19 related myocarditis will help in better management of patient. In such patients,cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the modality of choice, since it allows for noninvasive assessment of myocardial edema and fibrosis, as well as therapeutic guidance and improved patient outcomes.

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Lleras, A., H. Chen, and B. Levinthal. "Categorical effects of working memory load on the selection of pop-out categorical oddballs." Journal of Vision 9, no. 8 (March 21, 2010): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.163.

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Castelletti, Federico, and Stefano Peluso. "Equivalence class selection of categorical graphical models." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 164 (December 2021): 107304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2021.107304.

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Kim, Min-Sun, Hosik Choi, and Changyi Park. "Categorical Variable Selection in Naïve Bayes Classification." Korean Journal of Applied Statistics 28, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2015.28.3.407.

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Padula, William V., David G. Armstrong, and Patricia M. Davidson. "41250 Machine Learning to Identify Predictors of Iatrogenic Injury Using Empirical Bayes Estimates: A Cohort Study of Pressure Injury Prevention." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.530.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: A machine learning approach using electronic health records can combine descriptive, population-level factors of pressure injury outcomes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Pressure injuries cause 60,000 deaths and cost $26 billion annually in the US, but prevention is laborious. We used clinical data to develop a machine learning algorithm for predicting pressure injury risk and prescribe the timing of intervention to help clinicians balance competing priorities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We obtained 94,745 electronic health records with 7,000 predictors to calibrate a predictive algorithm of pressure injury risk. Machine learning was used to mine features predicting changes in pressure injury risk; random forests outperformed neural networks, boosting and bagging in feature selection. These features were fit to multilevel ordered logistic regression to create an algorithm that generated empirical Bayes estimates informing a decision-rule for follow-up based on individual risk trajectories over time. We used cross-validation to verify predictive validity, and constrained optimization to select a best-fit algorithm that reduced the time required to trigger patient follow-up. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The algorithm significantly improved prediction of pressure injury risk (p<0.001) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.60 compared to the Braden Scale, a traditional clinician instrument of pressure injury risk. At a specificity of 0.50, the model achieved a sensitivity of 0.63 within 2.5 patient-days. Machine learning identified categorical increases in risk when patients were prescribed vasopressors (OR=16.4, p<0.001), beta-blockers (OR=4.8, p<0.001), erythropoietin stimulating agents (OR=3.0, p<0.001), or were ordered a urinalysis screen (OR=9.1, p<0.001), lipid panel (OR=5.7, p<0.001) or pre-albumin panel (OR=2.0, p<0.001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This algorithm could help hospitals conserve resources within a critical period of patient vulnerability for pressure injury not reimbursed by Medicare. Savings generated by this approach could justify investment in machine learning to develop electronic warning systems for many iatrogenic injuries.

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Steingartner, William, Davorka Radakovic, Valerie Novitzká, and Mohamed Ali M. Eldojali. "An Analysis of Some Aspects of Component-Based Programming for Selecting Appropriate Categorical Structures as their Models." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2017-0009.

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Santapuram, Pranav R., Manali Rupji, Michael Graiser, Edmund K. Waller, Kristie A. Blum, Pamela B. Allen, Jean L. Koff, et al. "Evaluating Outcomes for Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the CAR-T Era." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142110.

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Background: In patients with chemo-sensitive relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (ASCT) has long been the standard of care. Several recent studies have identified patient groups with poor post-transplant outcomes and in recent years chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy has been utilized in patients who do not have adequate disease control to proceed with ASCT or who progress after ASCT. We hypothesized that the availability of CART to treat patients with aggressive lymphoma who were not ideal candidates for ASCT would lead to improved survival among lymphoma patients proceeding to transplant. We evaluated whether the demographics, baseline characteristics and post-ASCT outcomes for patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have changed in the CAR-T era. Methods: We included patients initially diagnosed with DLBCL since 2012 who subsequently relapsed and received ASCT. Patients who completed ASCT without a documented relapse or who received CART therapy prior to an ASCT were excluded as were patients without adequate follow-up data. Patients who completed ASCT prior to January 1, 2018, were part of the pre-CART group while those completing ASCT on January 1, 2018 and later were part of the post-CART group. We compared demographics as well as disease and treatment-related variables of interest between the pre- and post-CART groups using Fisher's Exact or chi Square tests as appropriate for categorical and ANOVA for numeric variables. In addition, we determined progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from the date of ASCT using the Kaplan-Meier method and determined predictors of post-ASCT PFS and OS using the Cox Proportional Hazards model with backward elimination. Results: Of 84 included patients, 55 were in the pre-CART group and 29 were in the post-CART group. Median age at diagnosis for all patients was 55 years (range 22-73). 50 were male, and 60 had stage 3 or 4 disease. While there were no differences in demographics based on treatment group, the ECOG performance status for patients in the post-CART group was improved compared to those pre-CART (Table 1, p=0.040). There was also no difference in time from diagnosis to transplant between the two groups (Table 1, p=0.292). With a median follow-up post ASCT of 2.22 years for the pre-CART group and 1.24 years for the post-CART group, the median OS was 4.7 years (95% CI: 3.4 - Not Reached) for the entire cohort, 4.7 years (95% CI: 2.8 - Not Reached) for the pre-CART group and not reached (95% CI: NR-NR) for the post-CART group. The median PFS was not reached in either cohort (p=0.932). Neither univariate nor multivariable analysis showed any of covariates as being significant predictors of post-ASCT PFS. In the multivariable model for OS, receiving R-CHOP chemotherapy compared to other induction regimens (HR 0.28 [0.10-0.74], p=0.01) predicted improved OS while increased age (HR 1.06 [1.01-1.11], p=0.03) predicted inferior OS. The receipt of ASCT after CART cell era, conditioning regimen, or first salvage regimen all did not impact PFS or OS. Conclusion: In comparison with those patients receiving autologous transplantation prior to the adoption of CAR T cell, patients receiving ASCT more recently had no change PFS or OS despite having better performance status prior to ASCT. Our findings suggest that selection of appropriate candidates for ASCT in the current era is critical and that patients who are at higher risk for early post-ASCT relapse should be considered for novel approaches including immune effector cell therapy. Additional follow-up will be needed to determine if newer currently approved therapies for post-ASCT relapse can improve OS in relapsed/refractory DLBCL who relapse after ASCT. Disclosures Waller: Verastem Oncology, Inc: Consultancy, Research Funding. Allen:Curio Sciences: Honoraria; Bayer: Consultancy, Other; Clinical Care Options: Speakers Bureau; Research to Practice: Speakers Bureau; Imbrium: Consultancy, Other. Lonial:JUNO Therapeutics: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal fees; Abbvie: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Onyx: Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal fees, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Other: Personal fees, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal fees; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal fees, Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal fees; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal fees; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria; TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kaufman:Tecnopharma: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi/Genyzme: Consultancy, Honoraria. Hofmeister:Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Oncolytics Biotech: Research Funding; Imbrium: Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Nektar: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Research Funding. Dhodapkar:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other; Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other; Lava Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other; Celgene/BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other; Roche/Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other. Nooka:Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Honoraria; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Adaptive Technologies: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm Therapeutics, Adaptive technologies: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal Fees: Travel/accomodations/expenses, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Klisovic:Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Langston:Bristol Myers Squib: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Astellas Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Kadmon Corporation: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Chimerix: Research Funding. Cohen:Janssen, Adicet, Astra Zeneca, Genentech, Aptitude Health, Cellectar, Kite/Gilead, Loxo: Consultancy; Genentech, BMS, Novartis, LAM, BioInvent, LRF, ASH, Astra Zeneca, Seattle Genetics: Research Funding.

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Bickel, Peter, Ping Zhang, and Ping Zhang. "Variable Selection in Nonparametric Regression with Categorical Covariates." Journal of the American Statistical Association 87, no. 417 (March 1992): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1992.10475179.

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Bontemps, Dominique, and Wilson Toussile. "Clustering and variable selection for categorical multivariate data." Electronic Journal of Statistics 7 (2013): 2344–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-ejs844.

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Kovács, G., K. Köteles, M. Hosseinalikhani, and A. Lõrincz. "Categorical Perception of Illusory Contour Defined Shapes." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970201.

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Categorical perception (CP) is the phenomenon when people are better able to distinguish between stimuli of different categories than between stimuli of the same category and it appears for innate and learned stimuli of various sensory modalities. We tested if CP occurs also for illusory contour stimuli. First, in an ABX paradigm the shape discrimination capacity of subjects was tested for convex (‘fat’) or concave (‘thin’) Kanizsa-square-like shapes (cf Rubin, 1996 Perception25 Supplement, 3; pre-category-learning test). The proportion of correct responses and response latency were measured. Second, subjects were instructed that every stimulus belongs to either the ‘fat’ or the ‘thin’ category, and they were trained to categorise the individual stimuli using a 2AFC paradigm with corrective feedback until 90% of correct responses. Third, we measured the shape discrimination capacity of subjects, by repeating the first ABX paradigm (post-category-learning test). Comparison of the ratio of correct responses in the post/pre discrimination tests showed that discrimination of illusory shapes of different categories is enhanced but discrimination of members of the same category is made more difficult by category training. In a second experiment, by increasing the physical differences between the extreme ‘fat’ and extreme ‘thin’ stimuli (increased range of the opening-angle of the Kanizsa-square inducer pacmen), we made the categorisation task easier for the subjects and tested if discrimination capacity is altered by the modified difficulty of the categorisation task. We discuss the effect of difficulty on CP and the relation of illusory CP to that of real luminance contour stimuli.

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Mariani, Stefano, Marco Puzzoni, Nicole Liscia, Valentino Impera, Andrea Pretta, Simona Tolu, Anna Grazia Pireddu, et al. "Liquid biopsy-driven anti-EGFR rechallenge in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3577.

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3577 Background: The rechallenge with EGFR inhibitors represents an emerging strategy for anti-EGFR pre-treated patients with RAS wild type colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately definitive selection criteria for anti-EGFR rechallenge in this setting are lacking. Very recently RAS wild type status on circulating tumor DNA (ct-DNA) at the time of rechallenge along with already known clinical criteria emerged as a potential watershed for this strategy. In the present study we explored liquid biopsy-driven anti-EGFR rechallenge strategy in the clinical practice for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Ct-DNA from RAS and BRAF wild type metastatic CRC patients previously treated with an anti-EGFR containing therapy was analyzed for RAS/BRAF mutations with the aim to evaluate the rechallenge strategy with anti-EGFR. The ct-DNA was analyzed for RAS-BRAF mutations using pyro-sequencing (PyroMark Q24 MDx Workstation) and nucleotide sequencing (Genetic Analyzer ABI3130) assays. Real-time PCR (Idylla) and droplet digital PCR (QX200 System) were performed to confirm the RAS-BRAF mutation status. Several clinical variables including previous response to anti EGFR containing therapy, tumor sidedness and anti-EGFR free interval were evaluated in relation to outcome. Tumor response evaluation was performed according to RECIST 1.1. Differences between categorical variables were evaluated using the Fisher’s exact test. Survival probability over time was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Significant differences in the probability of survival between the strata were evaluated by log-rank test. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study. All patients were tested for RAS-BRAF mutations in ct-DNA. Fourteen patients (70%) showed a RAS-BRAF WT molecular profile, six patients (30%) showed a KRAS mutation. All the patients with ct-DNA RAS-BRAF WT profile underwent rechallenge with anti-EGFR. In details 11 patients (78.6%) underwent irinotecan+ cetuximab treatment, whereas 3 patients (21.4%) underwent panitumumab monotherapy. As for the outcome results to the rechallenge strategy, the median OS was 7 months (95% CI 5.0 to 13.0), the median PFS was 3 months (95% CI 2.0 to 6.0), the ORR was 27.3% with a DCR of 54.5%. Among the clinical variables evaluated as putative predictive/prognostic factors, previous response to anti-EGFR treatment was related to a not statistically significant improved OS (12 months vs 5 months HR:0.19 p: 0.06) and to a statistically significant improved ORR (75% vs 0% p:0.03). Conclusions: The rechallenge strategy with anti-EGFR confirmed to be feasible in clinical practice. The clinical outcome resulted consistent with the literature data. In addition to the molecular selection through the analysis of ct-DNA for RAS, previous response to anti EGFR treatment is confirmed as a prospective selection criteria for this therapeutic option.

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Garg, Kabir, Naomi Fineberg, Luca Pellegrini, Arun Enara, and Eduardo Cinosi. "Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): a meta-analysis." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.118.

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AimsOCD is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric illness. Current first-line treatments include serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioural therapy, but a substantial minority of patients fail to respond adequately, requiring further forms of intervention usually provided in a sequenced algorithm. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) uses magnetic pulses passed through a coil placed on the scalp to stimulate the underlying brain region. Clinical trials of r-TMS in OCD have produced conflicting results, possibly related to the variability in the site of stimulation, protocols used, and variability in the selection of patients. We perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of rTMS for the treatment of OCD aimed to determine whether certain rTMS parameters (i.e. site, duration, protocol etc.) or patients’ characteristics (i.e age, duration of illness, illness severity, treatment resistance etc), are associated with effectiveness. Our overarching aim is to determine the place of rTMS in the sequenced OCD care-pathway.MethodThe meta-analysis is pre-registered in PROSPERO (ID: 241381). Potentially relevant studies will be retrieved using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases using the parameters [‘obsessive compulsive disorder’ or ‘OCD’ or ‘obsessions’ or ‘compulsions’] AND [‘transcranial magnetic stimulation’ or ‘TMS’]. The reference lists of retained articles will also be scrutinized for additional relevant publications. Only full text English language articles will be included in the review. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed using CONSORT criteria. A summary of the study's quality as a randomized clinical trial will be produced.ResultOur preliminary analysis shows some efficacy for r-TMS in non-treatment resistant OCD than treatment resistant OCD. Detailed results will be presented in the poster at the event. Effect measure will be either categorical (e.g. relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) or continuous (mean difference or standardized mean difference - Hedge's g or Cohen's d - when taking into consideration the severity of the disorder as a dimension). These outcomes will be measured through validated instruments, in the form of both self- rated scales and observer rated scales including semi-structured interviews.ConclusionThis meta-analysis will identify the patient, illness and protocol parameters that determine clinical outcomes, as guide to optimizing the role of rTMS in the care of patients with OCD.

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Sekeres, Mikkael A., Alex Z. Fu, Marc Earl, Matt Kalaycio, Anjali Advani, Yogen Saunthararajah, Ronald Sobecks, and Edward Copelan. "The Value of Post-Remission Therapy in Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1043.1043.

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Abstract Abstract 1043 Poster Board I-65 Background: In older (age 3 60) AML patients (pts) who are induced into complete remission, it is unclear whether post-remission therapy provides additional benefit. Methods: We examined all older AML pts treated with cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy at a single institution between 1997 and 2008. Data on known prognostic factors (age, white blood cell count (WBC) at diagnosis, cytogenetic risk groups (as defined by CALGB 8461) and AML etiology (de novo vs. secondary AML)) were collected. Of 240 pts identified, 25 had unknown post-remission status, leaving 215 pts for analyses: 81 receiving cytarabine-based post-remission therapy (PRT) for 1-2 cycles; 134 received no PRT. A cohort study using a propensity score method was conducted in which pts receiving PRT and those not receiving PRT were matched in a 1:1 ratio to address potential sample selection bias and to better balance patient characteristics. A logistic regression was used to predict the propensities of receiving PRT using individual characteristics: age, gender, race, WBC at presentation, AML cytogenetics, secondary AML, re-induction, FAB classification, and complete remission (CR). Overall survival (OS) was measured from the time of diagnosis; disease-free survival (DFS) from the time of CR. Individual characteristics and survival between groups were assessed by the routines of linear, categorical, and survival analyses. Results: Median age was 68 years (range, 60-81). Patients receiving PRT were more likely to be younger (67 vs 69 years, P=.003), male (67% vs. 52%, p=.04), have de novo AML (75% vs. 50%, p=.0012), favorable- or intermediate-risk cytogenetics (65% vs. 36%, p<.0001), to have M3 AML (5% vs. 0%), and to have achieved a CR (100% vs. 48%, p<.0001). There were no differences between groups in race, WBC at admission, reinduction rates, or comorbid conditions including renal dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction, and cardiac comorbidity. Median DFS and OS for those receiving PRT vs. no PRT were.45 and.34 years, and 1.13 and.69 years (p=.026 and p<.001, respectively, Figure 1). Only 3 patients underwent a bone marrow transplant after relapse, and there was no correlation between the total amount of chemotherapy received during induction for PRT, or OS. After 1:1 propensity score matching (n=88), there were no differences in baseline characteristics, re-induction, or CR rates, yet DFS and OSl remained significantly greater for pts receiving PRT vs. those who did not (Hazard Ratios.48 and.30, p=.05 and p<.0001, respectively). Conclusions: Even after adjusting for patient disease and treatment factors that could influence PRT administration, older AML pts receiving at least one cycle of PRT lived significantly longer than those who did not. PRT should be considered as a standard part of intensive therapy for older AML pts. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Yakubu, Abdulmojeed, Praise Jegede, Mathew Wheto, Ayoola J. Shoyombo, Ayotunde O. Adebambo, Mustapha A. Popoola, Osamede H. Osaiyuwu, et al. "Multivariate characterisation of morpho-biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): e0261048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261048.

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This study was conducted to characterise phenotypically helmeted Guinea fowls in three agro-ecologies in Nigeria using multivariate approach. Eighteen biometric characters, four morphological indices and eleven qualitative physical traits were investigated in a total of 569 adult birds (158 males and 411 females). Descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test followed by the Mann–Whitney U and Dunn-Bonferroni tests for post hoc, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Univariate Analysis, Canonical Discriminant Analysis, Categorical Principal Component Analysis and Decision Trees were employed to discern the effects of agro-ecological zone and sex on the morphostructural parameters. Agro-ecology had significant effect (P<0.05; P<0.01) on all the colour traits. In general, the most frequently observed colour phenotype of Guinea fowl had pearl plumage colour (54.0%), pale red skin colour (94.2%), black shank colour (68.7%), brown eye colour (49.7%), white earlobe colour (54.8%) and brown helmet colour (72.6%). The frequencies of helmet shape and wattle size were significantly influenced (P<0.01) by agro-ecology and sex. Overall, birds from the Southern Guinea Savanna zone had significantly higher values (P<0.05) for most biometric traits compared to their Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest counterparts. They were also more compact (120.00 vs. 110.00 vs. 107.69) but had lesser condition index (7.66 vs. 9.45 vs. 9.30) and lower long-leggedness (19.71 vs. 19.23 vs. 9.51) than their counterparts from the two other zones. Sexual dimorphism (P<0.05) was in favour of male birds especially those in Southern Guinea Savanna and Sudano-Sahelian zones. However, the MCA and discriminant analysis revealed considerable intermingling of the qualitative physical traits, biometric traits and body indices especially between the Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest birds. In spite of the high level of genetic admixture, the Guinea fowl populations could to a relative extent be distinguished using wing length, body length and eye colour. Generally, the birds from the three zones appeared to be more homogeneous than heterogeneous in nature. However, further complementary work on genomics will guide future selection and breeding programs geared towards improving the productivity, survival and environmental adaptation of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowls in the tropics.

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Hino, Garret H., Jacinda Abdul-Mutakabbir, Norman Hamada, Anna Zhou, and Karen K. Tan. "620. Identifying the Role for a Pharmacist on an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Team in an Academic Teaching Hospital." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S412—S413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.818.

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Abstract Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is currently an emerging practice to continue effective treatment after hospital discharge for patients requiring parenteral (IV) treatment. Pharmacists can collaborate with outpatient services like home infusion services to allow for safe administration and monitoring of IV antibiotics. The role of pharmacists in an OPAT team has been shown to improve patient outcomes such as optimizing antimicrobial therapy and reducing hospital length of stay and readmissions. We sought to define the utility of an OPAT pharmacist at an academic teaching hospital that currently does not have an OPAT service. Methods Patients receiving IV therapy via home infusion from 1/4/21 to 3/4/21 were screened for inclusion and excluded if antimicrobials were not prescribed. Infection characteristics and antimicrobial therapy were recorded. Interventions on day of and after discharge were noted. Duration of therapy (DOT) was calculated by the difference between start and stop dates of appropriate antibiotics. Discharge delays due to OPAT-related reasons were recorded. Continuous data are expressed as median (IQR). Categorical data are expressed as frequencies (%). Results Of the patients screened, 77 of 123 patients met inclusion criteria. Most patients were treated for a bone/joint infection (29/77, 38%). Ceftriaxone (18/82, 22%) and vancomycin (13/82, 16%) were the most frequently prescribed agents. The median DOT was 30 days (IQR 15, 42). On day of discharge, 52 opportunities for a pharmacist initiated intervention were identified with majority being clarifying DOT (19/52, 37%), streamlining or escalating antibiotic (8/52, 15%), and optimizing drug dose (8/52, 15%). OPAT-related discharge delays resulted in an excess of 58 hospital days and over 25% of patients (20/77) were readmitted 30 days after discharge. The most common post-discharge issues (n=56) were worsening infection (11/56, 20%), PICC line issues (9/56, 16%), and drug related adverse events (8/56, 14%). Conclusion A pharmacist on a dedicated OPAT service can assist with antimicrobial selection, treatment duration, and drug monitoring to promote patient safety in patients discharged on antimicrobials. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Yoon, Yong-Hwa, and Bo-Seung Choi. "Model selection method for categorical data with non-response." Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society 23, no. 4 (July 31, 2012): 627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2012.23.4.627.

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Shin, Jieun, and Changyi Park. "FDR-based categorical variable selection in naïve Bayes classification." Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Society 32, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 1329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2021.32.6.1329.

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Mehmood, Tahir. "Regularized Feature Selection in Categorical PLS for Multicollinear Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (May 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5561752.

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Article presents the algorithm which models the categorical multicollinear data by providing the balance in model accuracy on test data and number of selected features in the model. In all scientific fields, multicollinear data is being generated, where obviously some variables are noise and some are influential reference to response variable. Features and response appeared to be categorical in mathematical and statistical modeling of public health data. These datasets usually appeared to collinear, where partial least squares (PLS) is the potential method, which is not feature selection at its default level and deals with quantitative features. Recently, categorical PLS (Cat-PLS) is introduced. We have implemented the regularized feature selection in Cat-PLS where filter-based feature selection and categorical mean through Cramer’s V, Phi coefficient, Tschuprow’s T coefficient, Contingency Coefficient, and Yule’s Q and Yule’s Y are used. Monte carlo simulation with 100 runs indicates Cramer V ∗ VIP is the better choice in terms of better model performance, number of feature selection, and interpretations for modeling the stillbirths, which is taken as the case study. The framework can be used in related areas to explore and model the related data structures.

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Liao, Hai-yong, and Michael K. Ng. "Categorical Data Clustering with Automatic Selection of Cluster Number." Fuzzy Information and Engineering 1, no. 1 (March 2009): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12543-009-0001-5.

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Gordon, A., I. Cernokova, D. Bearden, and K. Ono. "A-41 Verbal Fluency and Switching Accuracy Differences in Pediatric Epilepsy Pre- and Post- Surgery." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.41.

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Abstract Objective In patients with epilepsy, research is variable with regard to language difficulties. Previous research generally focuses on phonemic and semantic verbal fluency in pediatric populations post-surgery; however, few studies examine category switching accuracy. This study compared phonemic fluency, categorical fluency, switching accuracy, and the number of switches among pre-surgical and post-surgical groups. Methods Participants included 31 epilepsy patients (age 5-20 years old; M = 12.23 years pre-surgery; M = 14.72 years post-surgery; 20 males, 11 females) who underwent neuropsychological evaluations prior to and following open brain resection surgery (i.e., temporal lobectomy, temporal resection, frontal lobectomy). Verbal Fluency was assessed by the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS), measuring phonemic fluency, categorical fluency, switching accuracy, and the number of switches. Results Statistically significant differences were found between groups on the D-KEFS Verbal Fluency subtest using a one-way ANOVA. Specifically, switching accuracy decreased following surgery, F(1,25) = 6.470, p = 0.02 (M = 104.44 pre-surgery, M = 89.44 post-surgery). Further, a downward trend was noted regarding the number of switches between the two groups, F (1, 26) = 3.172, p = 0.09; however, no differences were found in phonemic, F(1,34) = 0.854, p = 0.63, and categorical, F(1,35) = 0.828, p = 0.37, fluency tasks. Conclusions Results from this study revealed a decrease in the participants ability to accurately switch between verbal categories following brain resection surgery. Similarly, a downward trend was noted for number of switches completed pre- and post- surgery. Consistent with previous research, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks remain unchanged post-surgery. Implications of this study highlight the need to assess executive functioning after surgery as it has an impact on treatment outcome and school planning.

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Baclawski, Kenneth, Dan Simovici, and William White. "A categorical approach to database semantics." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 147–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000426.

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We propose a formalization of standard database management systems using topos theory. In this treatment, all constructions take place within an ambient topos, which thereby serves as the ‘universe of discourse’. A database schema is defined using objects and morphisms in the ambient topos. A database state for a given schema involves not only the ambient topos but also an internal category within the topos. This approach neatly separates the schema from the state data by placing them in distinct category structures. It is shown that database states can either be regarded syntactically as objects in an external topos or semantically as morphisms in an internal slice category. A number of operations are introduced that correspond to operations used in standard database systems. Extraction selects some of the tables, attributes and domains of a database state. The squeeze operation performs an ‘elimination of duplicates’, which can be combined with extraction to obtain an operation called ‘projection’ in standard relational database systems. A join operation is defined, which generalizes the relational join operation and can be used for the cartesian product and selection operations. Finally, ‘boolean’ operations of intersection, union and difference are introduced and related to the other operations.

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Kumar, Ajay, and Shishir Kumar. "A Support Based Initialization Algorithm for Categorical Data Clustering." Journal of Information Technology Research 11, no. 2 (April 2018): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2018040104.

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Several initial center selection algorithms are proposed in the literature for numerical data, but the values of the categorical data are unordered so, these methods are not applicable to a categorical data set. This article investigates the initial center selection process for the categorical data and after that present a new support based initial center selection algorithm. The proposed algorithm measures the weight of unique data points of an attribute with the help of support and then integrates these weights along the rows, to get the support of every row. Further, a data object having the largest support is chosen as an initial center followed by finding other centers that are at the greatest distance from the initially selected center. The quality of the proposed algorithm is compared with the random initial center selection method, Cao's method, Wu method and the method introduced by Khan and Ahmad. Experimental analysis on real data sets shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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SONG, SEUNG-MIN, TAEHO KIM, JAE-GON KIM, and JANGHA KANG. "AN IDENTIFICATION APPROACH OF TECHNICALLY EFFICIENT CATEGORY FOR CONTROLLABLE, CATEGORICAL FACTORS IN PRODUCTION AND AN APPLICATION TO A PRODUCTION PROCESS." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 30, no. 05 (October 2013): 1350012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595913500127.

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This paper suggests a new DEA-based approach to the identification of the efficient category value for controllable categorical factors when controllable categorical factors are involved in the DMU's production process. Though the main objective of this approach is to identify the efficient category value for nonhierarchical categorical factors, it can also be employed to identify the efficient category value for hierarchical categorical factors without any large adjustment. This new approach is applied to an empirical data from an Agricultural Resource Management Survey for soybean production in Pennsylvania. The result of the empirical application illustrates how our approach leads us to the efficient category value of categorical factors by using both radial measure and nonradial measure. Moreover, it shows us the existence of substantial heterogeneity in the use of categorical factors and the opportunity of improvement in DMUs' selection of category value for categorical factors.

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NAUMANN, DAVID A. "A categorical model for higher order imperative programming." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 8, no. 4 (August 1998): 351–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129598002552.

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The order-enriched category of monotonic predicate transformers over posets is a model of the refinement calculus of higher order imperative programs and pre-post specifications. This category is shown to be equivalent to the category of spans over ideal relations, and ideal relations are shown to be spans over monotonic functions between posets. To do this we use a skew span construction because the standard categorical span constructions are inapplicable. Axioms are given for products and coproducts of underlying posets as well as the homset as a coexponent, using inequations (for various kinds of lax adjunctions) and conditional equations (for adjunctions in subcategories) that are shown to uniquely determine the structures. The model is described in elementary terms using power allegories, an axiomatic calculus of relations, which makes the proofs accessible to non-specialists and shows that the results generalize to other base categories.

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Motorniuk, Uliana, and Iryna Stelmakh. "Problems and benefits of implementation of category management at domestic enterprises." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2021, no. 2 (December 2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2021.02.082.

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Categorical management has been gaining great popularity in the world since the 2000s. In the domestic market, categorical management began to gain momentum only in 2015. Its advantages are obvious compared to the traditional management model, however, categorical management is not a universal solution to all problems. The data of enterprises show that only 6% of enterprises did not have a positive effect from the introduction of categorical management, the rest of the companies had: increased turnover, margins, average check, inventory turnover, increase in the number of customers and total profit. All this indicates that the problems of implementation of categorical management in domestic enterprises should be resisted and solved, because it will help increase their competitiveness. Among the main tasks of category management are: optimization and formation of the company's product range, selection and selection of strategies and business models for each of the product categories, the implementation of automation of category management and more. In the era of e-commerce, categorical management is becoming more popular thanks to online stores and social media stores, of which Instagram and Facebook are the most popular. Due to the division of the company's range into product categories, its time management also becomes more effective. Among the problems of implementation of categorical management at domestic enterprises are: lack of time, financial resources and qualified personnel; insufficient understanding of the mechanism of categorical management by employees, lack of a unified vision of integration into business processes; resistance of personnel to changes; lack of a single clear strategy and automated system; insufficient motivation of top management. There are criteria for the readiness of the enterprise to apply categorical management, namely: mastery of employees in the methodology of categorical management; optimization of organizational structure in accordance with the principles of categorical management, etc. According to these criteria, many domestic enterprises, especially small and medium-sized businesses, are not ready to implement this business category. There are also different concepts of categorical management: impulsive, target, seasonal, routine, competence. All these concepts have their own characteristics according to which the product can be classified. In the future, this facilitates the process of categorical management and not only that, which should serve as an incentive for the introduction of categorical management in domestic enterprises.

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G, Angel Rajakumari, Soli T. K., and Malathy D. "Assessment of effectiveness of spinal exercises and body mechanics on low back pain among post menopausal women." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 1, no. 4 (May 30, 2015): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i4.2082.

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Aim: To assessment of effectiveness of spinal exercises and body mechanics on low back pain among post menopausal women.Participants and setting: A quasi experimental non equivalent control group pretest post test design was adapted. The study was conducted in the urban area of suryapet. 40 post menopausal women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by nonprobability purposive sampling technique.Intervention: The intervention such as spinal exercises and body mechanics were performed to overcome the level of low back pain among post menopausal women. The pre and post assessment was done by using a combined numerical and categorical pain scale.Measurement and findings: The women completed the demographic and obstetrical information and pain was measured by 0- 10 Modified combined numerical categorical pain intensity scale. This study revealed that there was high significant difference found in low back pain at p<0.001level between study group.Conclusion: The overall findings in the present study revealed that the spinal exercises and body mechanics was effectives and had brought about significant change in the reduction of low back pain among post menopausal women compared to pre test level of low back pain.

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Lima, Leísa Pires, Camila Ferreira Azevedo, Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende, Fabyano Fonseca e. Silva, José Marcelo Soriano Viana, and Eder Jorge de Oliveira. "Triple categorical regression for genomic selection: application to cassava breeding." Scientia Agricola 76, no. 5 (October 2019): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2017-0369.

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Chen, Ting-Li, Elizabeth P. Chou, and Hsieh Fushing. "Categorical Nature of Major Factor Selection via Information Theoretic Measurements." Entropy 23, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121684.

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Without assuming any functional or distributional structure, we select collections of major factors embedded within response-versus-covariate (Re-Co) dynamics via selection criteria [C1: confirmable] and [C2: irrepaceable], which are based on information theoretic measurements. The two criteria are constructed based on the computing paradigm called Categorical Exploratory Data Analysis (CEDA) and linked to Wiener–Granger causality. All the information theoretical measurements, including conditional mutual information and entropy, are evaluated through the contingency table platform, which primarily rests on the categorical nature within all involved features of any data types: quantitative or qualitative. Our selection task identifies one chief collection, together with several secondary collections of major factors of various orders underlying the targeted Re-Co dynamics. Each selected collection is checked with algorithmically computed reliability against the finite sample phenomenon, and so is each member’s major factor individually. The developments of our selection protocol are illustrated in detail through two experimental examples: a simple one and a complex one. We then apply this protocol on two data sets pertaining to two somewhat related but distinct pitching dynamics of two pitch types: slider and fastball. In particular, we refer to a specific Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher and we consider data of multiple seasons.

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Kleene, Nicholas, and Melchi Michel. "Fixation Selection for Categorical Target Searches in Real-World Scenes." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.523.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection'

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