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Academic literature on the topic 'Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection"

1

Omae, Yuto, and Masaya Mori. "E2H Distance-Weighted Minimum Reference Set for Numerical and Categorical Mixture Data and a Bayesian Swap Feature Selection Algorithm." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make5010007.

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Generally, when developing classification models using supervised learning methods (e.g., support vector machine, neural network, and decision tree), feature selection, as a pre-processing step, is essential to reduce calculation costs and improve the generalization scores. In this regard, the minimum reference set (MRS), which is a feature selection algorithm, can be used. The original MRS considers a feature subset as effective if it leads to the correct classification of all samples by using the 1-nearest neighbor algorithm based on small samples. However, the original MRS is only applicable to numerical features, and the distances between different classes cannot be considered. Therefore, herein, we propose a novel feature subset evaluation algorithm, referred to as the “E2H distance-weighted MRS,” which can be used for a mixture of numerical and categorical features and considers the distances between different classes in the evaluation. Moreover, a Bayesian swap feature selection algorithm, which is used to identify an effective feature subset, is also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified based on experiments conducted using artificially generated data comprising a mixture of numerical and categorical features.

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Furman, Anatoliy. "Categorical matrix of theoretical psychology." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 2, no. 80 (June 1, 2020): 13–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2020.02.013.

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The methodological research is devoted to the substantiation of the composition, structure, functions, content filling and features of interpretation and usage by the scientist-thinker the categorical matrix of theoretical psychology as an original world of metatheoretical self-reflexive thought-activity. At the same time the cyclical-deed organizational scheme to achieve this goal is purposefully implemented, which focuses on four interdependent fundamental perspectives-stages of cognitive creativity development: a) in the frameworks of outstanding achievements of the most influential scientific schools of domestic and foreign time-space of the XX-th century concerning the creation of a categorical system of psychological science in general and theoretical psychology in particular from different worldviews (situational component); b) in the format of the author’s definition of segments or dimensions of the subject field of this relatively new and so far little elaborated by intellectuals direction of modern psychology development (psychological cognition as a thought activity, fundamental problems of psychology, methodological principles and approaches, tasks, problem and versions of creation of psychology’s categorical order – motivational component); c) in a logically reasoned set of interdependent conditions, regularities, procedures and characteristics of implementation of a typological approach as an accurate, perfect and at the same time multi-module and multifunctional tool of professional methodological work (active component); d) in the complementarity of metatheoretization and reflexive methodologization, when analytical-synthetic mastering is subject to both available in psychological discourse conceptual and categorical definitions and formulations, and the canonical model of theoretical psychology, which essentially appears as an aspect of human existence and in a taxonomically perfect composition of harmonized between each other themes and categorical definitions (post-action component). For the transition from a naturalistic approach in cognition of mental reality and hence from numerous theories of mental and self-sufficient object-centered thinking to self-reflexive directed metatheoretization of psychological science over one’s own achievements on the historical canvas of humankind cultural development by actualizing universal resources of methodological thinking and, therefore, to the heights of theoretical psychology, the author substantiates a five-module methodological optics of the study of its categorical order, covering a functionally level-by-level set of lenses-tools of methodologization at the levels: s p e c i f i c – is a quaternary or quintet thought-scheme as a basic material-means of methodological activity implementation; s i n g u l a r – the construction of a categorical matrix, which allows the creation of 12 systematic taxa of categorical quaternity, semantically presenting theoretical psychology as a separate newly emerging conscious layer of human existence; s p e c i a l – a typological approach in the dialectical mosaic of its categories, principles, norms, procedures, parameters and intellectual means, which allows to obtain a perfect typology in its optimal invariant - the categorical matrix; g e n e r a l – the sphere of professional methodologization-as-practice, which is a dialectical continuation and thought-deed concretization of the world of methodology-as-teaching in its central link – methodological thinking; u n i v e r s a l – a vitacultural methodology that not only enriches the semiotic completeness of culture and expands the existential horizons of consciousness, but also enables the thought-active and thought-deed practice of high perfection. It is proved that, unlike numerical tables, categorical matrices on construction, semantic attachment, internal combination of elements, methodological purpose and functional field of influence on multiplication of ideal forms of thinking-thought activity of human conscious ability make original and heuristic, though supercomplicated tool of cognition and methodologization, and therefore characterize the latest stage in the evolution of rational-humanitarian knowledge in its core – the categorical genesis of both individual sciences and interdisciplinary directions of cognitive creativity. Five advantages of this self-sufficient author’s tool are rubriced and argued in the work: fundamentality of epistemic content filling, logicity of form and way of obtaining categorical ensemble, optimality of structure and internal balance of taxonomic categories configuration, ideality of constructed and designed as a theoretical model of a holistic picture of categories in their harmonious synthesis, practicality in the broadest sense of freedom of metatheoretization, methodologization, thinking action and self-reflection with categories and taxa of the matrix. The optimal architectonics of this matrix was found, which in the central (inner) part contains a systematics of 16 mutually agreed and in certain hierarchical combinations of grouped taxonomic categories, organized into eight taxa, and its outer contour, which forms two (horizontally and vertically) equally named, however different in aspects of consideration of the multidisciplinary object of metatheoretization, chains of dialectical categories “general – special – singular – specific – universal”, which are named as two mutually penetrated thematic bases, that receive the resulting boundaries below and above – generalization of the top achievements of theoretical psychology. In this way 12 categorical taxa were obtained, each of which can be subjected to a detailed study. Taking into account the advantages of the categorical matrix, its five main functions are substantiated and meaningfully characterized – structural-systemic, logical-cognitive, organizational-synthesizing, thought-communicative and instrumental-methodological, as well as, accordingly, has been pointed out on vitacultural, typological, taxonomic, system-thought-action and cyclically-deed approaches that implement these approaches, and on a number of principles that specify each of these approaches. With regard to the essential content filling of the categorical matrix proposed for the first time to the scientific society, it is comprehensively highlighted that behind each of the 12 quintetly ordered taxa of categories (five horizontally and vertically and two diagonally) there is either a direction or a school of theoretical psychology development or a methodological principle or approach in psychology, or a certain system or epistemic organization of psychological cognition or theoretical creativity. It is proved that the stated model of the matrix makes it possible for a psychologist-thinker to achieve a personified (motivated and comprehended) canvas of the categorical order of theoretical psychology, not only in revealing hitherto unknown and little understood dimensions-aspects of human existence, but also in curbing the emotional saturation, vagueness and organic spontaneity of actualized concepts of thinking as a life-giving core of lace of psychological categories, which realizes self-reflexive progress in the bosom of increasing the mental potential of one’s own conscious ability to learn and create psycho-spiritual in all possible forms and markers of its phenomenal manifestation. At the same time, it is concluded that the world of theoretical psychology is the most thoroughly founded and the most meaningfully enriched by the creative scientific achievements of the outstanding Ukrainian intellectual and worthy person Volodymyr Roments. In particular, his multi-volume author’s presentation of the history of world’s psychology, which implements the fundamentals, regularities and norms of the deed’s principle in psychology from ancient times to the end of the twentieth century, contains that extremely important vitacultural material which not only appears as a product of psychological cognition and from which previously unseen horizons of the field of historical-psychological research are mentally spread, but also which can be subjected to repeated self-reflection of psychological science by its individual and collective subjects of creativity. This means that in the future the final philosophical-psychological field of reflection will be subject to renewal, which according to the deed principle is canonically constructed by the talent of Academician Romenets and which requires further methodological comprehension. At the same time, canonical psychology and its derivative epistemic formations (the procedure of canonization of psychological systems, the concept of psychological canon, etc.) in unity with psychosophy of the deed as a methodology of cognition of the sources and essence of human existence are specific cultural patterns of self-reflexively performed metatheoretization, which is implemented with the help of personally well-developed principles, postulates and means of philosophical methodologization (especially the deed principle and the method of action dialectics). In general, a new categorical matrix solves one of the most important tasks of theoretical psychology – provides analytically reasoned selection-construction of the optimal typology of categories by four main criteria: a) by a methodological substantiationess of research tools and instruments of its construction, structure, content, interpretation and usage, b) by a conceptual-conscious completeness of psychological thinking about the mental and psycho-spiritual as separate aspects of human life in the socio-humanitarian sphere, c) by a horizon of conceptual-terminological complementarity of the fields of categories and themes involved, d) by a quantitative set and structural-functional invariance of categorical taxa. Finally, it is reasonably stated that the quintessence of the categorical composition of theoretical psychology at the level of the universal horizontally and vertically of the matrix is the act of metatheoretization in its spiral integrity of situational, motivational, action and post-action components and in the form of individual (personal) and group (representatives of a separate scientific school) implementation.

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Lo, S. S., J. Norton, P. B. Mumby, J. Smerage, J. Kash, H. K. Chew, D. Hayes, A. Epstein, and K. S. Albain. "Prospective multicenter study of the impact of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay on medical oncologist (MO) and patient (pt) adjuvant breast cancer (BC) treatment selection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.577.

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577 Background: The 21-gene RS assay has been validated to quantify the risk of distant recurrence in tamoxifen treated pts in N-ER+BC and predict magnitude of chemotherapy benefit. Since there is little data regarding the impact of RS on MO and pt decision making, this multi-center study was designed to prospectively examine whether RS affects MO and pt adjuvant treatment selection. Methods: MOs stated their treatment recommendation and confidence in it while pts indicated treatment choice pre and post RS assay. RS were returned to MO and pt for routine clinical care. Frequency distributions and co-frequency tables are used to display categorical distributions of nominal variables; means and standard deviations are used to summarize continuous variables. Results: 15 MOs at 1 community and 3 academic practices consecutively enrolled 93 pts (89 evaluable) with N-ER+BC. The treatment plan changed in 31.5% of MOs and 27% of pts. The frequency of treatment changes are in the table below. The largest change induced by RS results was conversion from pre-test CHT to post-test HT (22.5% of MO, 10.1% of pts). MOs stated RS results increased confidence in 68 (76%). 90% of pts felt the RS assay influenced their treatment choice; 95% were glad they took the test. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the RS assay does impact MO adjuvant treatment recommendations, pt treatment choice, and confidence in the treatment plan. Investigator initiated trial supported by an unrestricted clinical trial grant from Genomic Health Inc. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Furman, Anatoliy. "Methodological optics as a thought-deed tool." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 2, no. 2022 (December 1, 2022): 6–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2022.02.006.

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The proposed research constitutes a completed author’s p r o j e c t of creating a complicated complex of multi-module methodological optics of multidisciplinary research of the post-non-classical mode-level of thought-activity implementation, which super-reflexively and meta-systemically complements: a) appropriate multi-parametric optics of the classical, non-classical and post-non-classical t y p e s of scientific rationality according to the logic of their categorical, criterion, attributive and thought-activity complication; b) a five-level structure-functional organization (implemented according to the philosophical categories “universal – general – special – specific”) of methodological m o d u l e s as collective tools of professional methodologization within the framework of the most culturally significant methodologies; c) the ideals, principles, strategies, and norms of the nascent p o s t – n o n – c l a s s i c a l methodology which advocates an interpenetrating type of connection between all sciences, establishes a dialogue of cultures, integrates the unity of truth and morality, rational knowledge and ethical behavior, legalizes mixed methods, paradigms, methodologems; d) foundations-postulates, categories, canons and epistemological organizations of a metamethodological optics which is currently being formed as the newest post-non-classical project of interconnected development trajectories of philosophy, science, methodology, is based on the understanding the optics as an integral mechanism or a complicated complex of selection tools and equipping the lenses-modules of interdependent understanding, thinking, activity, reflection in the canonical format of realization the a c t of metamethodologization, the subject of which is the study of existing methodological theories and systems, at the same time, it is the methodological optics that is the main synthetic objectification and paradigmatic center of the post-non-classical v e r s i o n of methodology advocated here. First of all, in connection with this, based on the principle of action, the essential quaternary subjectifications, the main causes, the instrument-categorical modules of logically perfected methodological optics, as well as the defining criteria for typological distinction of historically variable and culturally different in significance and influence i d e a l s of scientific rationality were revealed. At the same time, m o d e l s of methodological optics of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical science were created and characterized in detail for the first time, their ever-growing quantitatively and qualitatively parametric set was clearly defined, structure-functional connections were described, invariantly were accepted ideals and norms of cognitive activity and the main epistemological organizations and products. In addition, the arguments-positions of the emergence of a post-non-classical epistemology in the complementarity of epistemological and purely cognitive aspects of reflective consideration are detailed and systematized. A five-level categorical scheme of clearly organized lenses-modules of the latest methodological optics of theoretical construction and psychological cognition of modular-developmental interaction as a complex-systemic psychosocial phenomenon is argued. As a result, the methodological optics is grounded in four d i m e n s i o n s or m o d e s of its own thought-active being, namely: “metaphorical construct and categorical concept of philosophical and scientific methodologies”; “a special setting of the research and constructive consciousness in its essential environment – the intentionality of methodological thinking – to its own self-reflection”; “an original reasoning instrument and an effective tool for thought-activity and competent methodologization”; “an innovative modular complex of self-reflective lenses (mainly methods, means, mechanisms and instruments) of construction, cognition and transformation of reality which is used under specific conditions, tasks, resources, capabilities”.

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Marx, Ashley H., Vahini Chundi, Jill Zaccardelli, Timothy Angle, Jonathan Oriet, Michael J. Swartwood, Ross Boyce, Lindsay M. Daniels, and Jonathan J. Juliano. "1040. Effects of An Antimicrobial Stewardship Team-led Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Management Bundle: A Quasi-Experimental Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.904.

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Abstract Background Mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) has prompted the development of “bundle”-based approaches to improve outcomes. Components of bundled strategies include appropriate antibiotic selection, early source control, documenting negative cultures, echocardiogram, and adequate treatment duration. In 7/2016, the UNC Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) began prospective monitoring of SAB patients. Here we describe the impact of these ASP efforts. Methods Quasi-experimental study of patients ≥16 years with SAB 9/2015-3/2016 (pre-intervention) and 9/201/2017 (post-intervention). Patients were excluded if the bloodstream infection was polymicrobial, therapy began at an outside hospital, or the patient was discharged or died within 72 hours of positive blood culture. Minimum adequate treatment duration was defined as 14 days for uncomplicated SAB; 28 days for complicated SAB; 42 days if endovascular disease or osteomyelitis present. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test, significance level of P < 0.05. The study was approved by the UNC IRB. Results 217 treatment courses were included; 114 pre- and 103 post-intervention. Rates of adequate empirical antibiotics were consistently high throughout the study (Table 1). Pre-intervention, individual bundle components occurred frequently: negative culture documented (95%), echocardiogram (80%), and adequate duration of an appropriate antibiotic (71%; Table 2). After ASP intervention, echocardiography and adequate treatment duration rates increased to 92% (P < 0.05, both outcomes), as did ID consultation rates (59% to 67%; P = 0.04). Overall bundle achievement increased from 54% to 82%. ASP interventions were documented for 11 (10%) and 32 (31%) of patients during the periods. Mortality and readmission within 6 months of discharge were unchanged (12% and 11%; 41% and 42%, respectively). Conclusion ASP intervention was associated with increased rates of bundle achievement but did not impact mortality or 6-month readmission. Despite adequate empiric therapy and relatively high rates of adherence to best-evidenced practices, SAB continues to be associated with significant mortality and high rates of 6-month readmission. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Protić, Danijela, and Miomir Stanković. "Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection: Feature Selection and Normalization Influence to the Machine Learning Models Accuracy." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p101-106.

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Anomaly-based intrusion detection system detects intrusion to the computer network based on a reference model that has to be able to identify its normal behavior and flag what is not normal. In this process network traffic is classified into two groups by adding different labels to normal and malicious behavior. Main disadvantage of anomaly-based intrusion detection system is necessity to learn the difference between normal and not normal. Another disadvantage is the complexity of datasets which simulate realistic network traffic. Feature selection and normalization can be used to reduce data complexity and decrease processing runtime by selecting a better feature space This paper presents the results of testing the influence of feature selection and instances normalization to the classification performances of k-nearest neighbor, weighted k-nearest neighbor, support vector machines and decision tree models on 10 days records of the Kyoto 2006+ dataset. The data was pre-processed to remove all categorical features from the dataset. The resulting subset contained 17 features. Features containing instances which could not be normalized into the range [-1, 1] have also been removed. The resulting subset consisted of nine features. The feature ‘Label’ categorized network traffic to two classes: normal (1) and malicious (0). The performance metric to evaluate models was accuracy. Proposed method resulted in very high accuracy values with Decision Tree giving highest values for not-normalized and with k-nearest neighbor giving highest values for normalized data.Keywords: feature selection, normalization, k-NN, weighted k-NN, SVM, decision tree, Kyoto 2006+

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Afolabi, Adedeji Olushola, Adedapo Oluwatayo, Opeyemi Oyeyipo, Rapheal Ojelabi, and Olabosipo Fagbenle. "Assessment of Designers’ Perception of Post Conflict Housing Schemes for Internally Displaced Persons." Construction Economics and Building 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v18i1.5780.

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With millions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) around the world, there is need to implement durable housing solutions post-conflict, that involves sustainable integration and sustainable reintegration using long term shelter programmes in the rural and urban areas. The study aims to assess designers’ assessment of post conflict housing schemes (PCHS) for internally displaced persons. Using a cross-sectional survey, the study utilized a questionnaire instrument distributed to one hundred (100) design professionals that have cognate field experience in the design, construction and management of post-conflict housing schemes. Statistical tools of bar chart, principal component analysis, categorical regression and one-way analysis of variance by SPSS v.21 was utilized. The study revealed that designers considered features such as external design and services, socio-cultural and space and maintenance features in the design of PCHS. Generalized factors considered in the selection of these features include demands of the household, choice/selection of building materials and population of IDPs. The study revealed that the failure of PCHS could be because of politics/partisanship, lack of international assistance/aid, need to make profit and non-involvement of IDPs in the rebuilding process, while the success of the scheme could be engendered by adequate participation of IDPs, effective monitoring mechanisms and increased government and non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) participation. In conclusion, the study developed a framework for the design of PCHS for IDPs. The study recommended that professional designers should objectively consider the contributions and characteristics of IDPs in the design of PCHS. In addition, international bodies should increase pressure on government to increase commitment in re-settling IDPs. NGOs should not relent in their efforts.

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Napolskikh, Dmitrii Leonidovich. "Spatial aspect of development of the economic clustering model of Volga Region." Теоретическая и прикладная экономика, no. 2 (February 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8647.2020.2.32676.

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The subject of this research is the internal and external boundaries of Volga Region as a macroregion applicable to the task of development economic clustering model of its regions. The object of this research is the correlation between administrative-territorial boundaries of Volga Region and its economic zoning. The author examines the historical and other prerequisites for emergence of the set of contradictions between economic zoning, defined by the economic-geographical factors, and administrative-territorial division. Special attention is paid to the theoretical concepts and practice of economic zoning in the territory of Volga Region, presenting the results of clarification of the categorical apparatus applicable to the topic of research. The main conclusions of the conducted study consists in presence of the basis for formation of economic space of the Volga Region, as well as Volga – Pre-Urals vector of economic integration. The article also determines the instability of spatial boundaries of Volga Region as a macroregion during the XX – XXI centuries and highlights the key contradictions. The author’s contribution into research of this topic consists in determining two main approaches towards spatial selection of interregional clusters of economic integration within Volga Region.

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Fenske, Timothy S., Parameswaran Hari, Jeanette Carreras, Mei-Jie Zhang, Rammurti Kamble, J. Douglas Rizzo, Koen van Besien, Hillard M. Lazarus, and Julie M. Vose. "Pre-Transplant Rituximab Therapy Is Associated with Improved Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.19.19.

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Abstract Outcomes following first-line therapy for patients (pts) with DLBCL have improved significantly with the availability of the chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (R). Despite this progress, many pts develop refractory or recurrent DLBCL and are considered candidates for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AuHCT). For such pts, it is possible that R given pre-transplant and/or during conditioning therapy affects the natural history of DLBCL, such that traditional methods of risk assessment and patient selection for AuHCT may need revision. We therefore studied the outcomes of 1,006 pts who underwent peripheral blood AuHCT for DLBCL between 1996 and 2003 reported to the CIBMTR, analyzed according to whether R was (n=188, “+R” group) or was not (n=818, “-R” group) administered prior to AuHCT. Using the chi-square statistic for categorical and the Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables, there were no significant differences between the +R and -R groups with regard to gender, pre-transplant performance status, disease status at transplant, pre-transplant chemosensitivity, second-line aa-IPI score distribution, Ann Arbor stage at transplant, interval from diagnosis to transplant, bulky disease, bone marrow involvement, post-transplant radiation therapy, or post-transplant myeloid growth factor therapy. The +R group had a higher proportion of pts age 61 or older (40% vs. 23%, p<0.001). AuHCT occurred between 1999–2003 in 96% of pts in the +R group, and between 1996–2001 in 93% of the -R pts (p<0.001). For the +R pts, 94% received R only with pretransplant chemotherapy, 3% only with conditioning therapy, and 3% with both pretransplant chemotherapy and conditioning therapy. Conditioning regimens were similar in the +R and -R groups, with the majority receiving the BEAM regimen. In univariate analysis, platelet and neutrophil engraftment were not affected by use of R. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) at 1, 3, or 5 years did not differ significantly between the +R and -R groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 and 3 years was superior in the +R group (62% vs. 49% at 1 year, p=0.002; 49% vs. 38% at 3 years, p=0.010). Overall survival (OS) was superior in the +R group (68% vs. 60% at 1 year, p=0.032; 57% vs. 45% at 3 years, p=0.003). In multivariate analysis, later year of transplant (2000–2003) and age <55 were associated with lower TRM, but pre-transplant R was not. Conversely, pre-transplant R, age <55, and fewer than 3 lines of chemotherapy were associated with improved PFS, while year of transplant was not. Finally, pre-transplant R, age <55, fewer than 3 lines of chemotherapy, and year of transplant 2000–2003, were all associated with improved OS. We conclude that pre-transplant rituximab is associated with improved PFS and OS following AuHCT for DLBCL, with no evidence of impaired engraftment or increased TRM.

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Meier, C., M. Maciukiewicz, M. Brunner, J. Schniering, H. Gabrys, A. Kühnis, O. Distler, T. Frauenfelder, S. Tanadini-Lang, and B. Maurer. "POS0866 TWO-DIMENSIONAL HRCT-BASED RADIOMIC FEATURES IN SSC-ILD DISTINGUISH DRUG RESPONDERS FROM NON-RESPONDERS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2884.

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Background:Management of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is complicated by high inter-patient variability. To date, no validated predictors of treatment response are available for routine use. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)-based radiomics, i.e. the high-dimensional, quantitative analysis of imaging metadata, have previously been shown to be successful in discriminating (SSc-)ILD phenotypes in preclinical and clinical studies1. Since HRCT is an integral part of the routine work-up in SSc, HRCT-based radiomic features may hold potential as non-invasive biomarkers.Objectives:To predict treatment response using two-dimensional (2D) HRCT-based radiomics in SSc-ILD patients from a prospectively followed cohort.Methods:Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of SSc-ILD in HRCT, availability of a suitable chest HRCT scan within 12 months prior to initiation of a new treatment, and availability of clinical baseline and follow-up information. Treatment response was defined as the absence of all of the following over a follow-up period of 12-24 months: relative decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥5%, increase of ILD in HRCT as assessed by a radiologist, change in treatment regimen due to insufficient response, ILD-related death or lung transplantation. Of each pre-treatment HRCT, 6 slices (15±5 mm apart, starting from the basal lung margin) were manually segmented and 1513 2D radiomic features were extracted using the in-house software Z-Rad (Python 2.7). Features were Z-score transformed and pre-filtered for inter- and intra-reader robustness (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.85) and inter-feature correlation (Spearman’s rho <0.9). A categorical linear regression model was created using 3-fold cross-validated elastic nets for feature selection. Features were then summarized and divided by their number. For generation of a score cut-off, Youden’s score was used. For two-group analyses of continuous variables, Wilcoxon’s test was performed, whereas categorical data was assessed using Fisher’s exact test.Results:A total of 64 pre-treatment HRCTs from 54 patients were analyzed. In 9 patients, >1 asynchronous treatments were assessed, while 45 patients had only 1 eligible treatment approach. The response rate within the assessed follow-up period was 45.3% (n=29). For score generation, 13 radiomic features were selected and an optimal cut-off value of -0.1589 was determined. Univariate linear regression showed significant association between our categorical radiomics-based score and treatment response (p=0.007, area under the curve = 0.65 (0.51-0.79), sensitivity=0.90, specificity=0.43), whereby a high score was predictive for treatment response.No differences between patients with high (n=46) or low (n=18) scores were detected for baseline age (mean±SD=55.5±12.0 and 55.5±13.6 years, p=0.84), duration of SSc (mean±SD=6.2±8.4 and 4.7±4.4 years, p=0.79), time since ILD diagnosis (2.7±2.9 and 2.4±3.1 years, p=0.59), FVC (77.6±20.6 and 80.1±17.9, p=0.41) or DLco (54.4±21.0 and 57.6±18.9, p=0.40). Distribution of anti-Scl-70 positivity (45.7% vs. 55.6%, p=0.58) and diffuse cutaneous disease (47.7% vs. 61.1%, p=0.41) was not significantly different between patients with high and low scores, respectively, although a trend towards higher percentages in the high score group was observed.Conclusion:Our results indicate that, following validation in external cohorts, radiomics may be a promising tool for future pre-treatment patient stratification. Moreover, our radiomics-based score seems not to be associated with commonly studied clinical predictors such as anti-Scl-70 positivity or lung function, underlining a possible additive value to ‘traditional’ clinical parameters.References:[1]Schniering, J., et al. Resolving phenotypic and prognostic differences in interstitial lung disease related to systemic sclerosis by computed tomography-based radiomics. medRxiv [Preprint] doi:10.1101/2020.06.09.20124800 (2020).Disclosure of Interests:Chantal Meier: None declared, Malgorzata Maciukiewicz: None declared, Matthias Brunner: None declared, Janine Schniering: None declared, Hubert Gabrys: None declared, Anja Kühnis: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: Speaker fee on Scleroderma and related complications: Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Novartis, Roche. Speaker fee on rheumatology topic other than Scleroderma: MSD, iQone, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Consultant of: Consultancy fee for Scleroderma and its complications: Abbvie, Acceleron Pharma, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx Therapeutics, Bayer, Baecon Discovery, Boehringer, CSL Behring, ChemomAb, Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos NV, GSK, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva, Italfarmaco, iQvia, Kymera, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Roche, Roivant Sciences, Sanofi, UCB. Consultancy fee for rheumatology topic other than Scleroderma: Abbvie, Amgen, Lilly, Pfizer, Grant/research support from: Research Grants to investigate the pathophysiology and potential treatment of Scleroderma and its complications: Kymera Therapeutics, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Thomas Frauenfelder: None declared, Stephanie Tanadini-Lang: None declared, Britta Maurer Speakers bureau: Speaker fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from AbbVie, Protagen, Novartis Biomedical Research, congress support from Pfizer, Roche, Actelion, mepha, and MSD

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection"

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Stemp, Iain Charles. "Bayesian model selection ideas for categorical data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308335.

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Zahid, Faisal Maqbool [Verfasser]. "Regularization and Variable Selection in Categorical Regression Analyses / Faisal Maqbool Zahid." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014848423/34.

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Hjerpe, Adam. "Computing Random Forests Variable Importance Measures (VIM) on Mixed Numerical and Categorical Data." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185496.

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The Random Forest model is commonly used as a predictor function and the model have been proven useful in a variety of applications. Their popularity stems from the combination of providing high prediction accuracy, their ability to model high dimensional complex data, and their applicability under predictor correlations. This report investigates the random forest variable importance measure (VIM) as a means to find a ranking of important variables. The robustness of the VIM under imputation of categorical noise, and the capability to differentiate informative predictors from non-informative variables is investigated. The selection of variables may improve robustness of the predictor, improve the prediction accuracy, reduce computational time, and may serve as a exploratory data analysis tool. In addition the partial dependency plot obtained from the random forest model is examined as a means to find underlying relations in a non-linear simulation study.
Random Forest (RF) är en populär prediktormodell som visat goda resultat vid en stor uppsättning applikationsstudier. Modellen ger hög prediktionsprecision, har förmåga att modellera komplex högdimensionell data och modellen har vidare visat goda resultat vid interkorrelerade prediktorvariabler. Detta projekt undersöker ett mått, variabel importance measure (VIM) erhållna från RF modellen, för att beräkna graden av association mellan prediktorvariabler och målvariabeln. Projektet undersöker känsligheten hos VIM vid kvalitativt prediktorbrus och undersöker VIMs förmåga att differentiera prediktiva variabler från variabler som endast, med aveende på målvariableln, beskriver brus. Att differentiera prediktiva variabler vid övervakad inlärning kan användas till att öka robustheten hos klassificerare, öka prediktionsprecisionen, reducera data dimensionalitet och VIM kan användas som ett verktyg för att utforska relationer mellan prediktorvariabler och målvariablel.

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Li, Junjie. "Some algorithmic studies in high-dimensional categorical data clustering and selection number of clusters." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1011.

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Guo, Lei. "Bayesian Biclustering on Discrete Data: Variable Selection Methods." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11201.

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Biclustering is a technique for clustering rows and columns of a data matrix simultaneously. Over the past few years, we have seen its applications in biology-related fields, as well as in many data mining projects. As opposed to classical clustering methods, biclustering groups objects that are similar only on a subset of variables. Many biclustering algorithms on continuous data have emerged over the last decade. In this dissertation, we will focus on two Bayesian biclustering algorithms we developed for discrete data, more specifically categorical data and ordinal data.
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Tam, Hak Ping. "Preliminary variable selection and data preparation strategies for configural frequency analysis and other categorical multivariate techniques /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779439845611.

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Løvlie, Hanne. "Pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection in the fowl, Gallus gallus." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6865.

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Demary, Kristian C. "Connecting pre- and post-mating episodes of sexual selection in Photinus greeni fireflies /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.
Adviser: Sara M. Lewis. Submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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Dougherty, Liam R. "Pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection in two species of lygaeid seed bug." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7246.

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Sexual selection arises via competition for access to mates, and is thus intimately tied to the social environment. For example, individual mating success may depend strongly on how many rivals or mating partners are available. Studies of mate choice and sexual selection may vary the number of mates a subject is presented with during mating experiments, yet it is not clear how this influences the strength and shape of sexual selection acting on traits in either sex. In this thesis I investigate the effect of social environment on sexual selection acting in two closely-related species of lygaeid seed bug: Lygaeus equestris and Lygaeus simulans. Males in both species possess an extremely elongate intromittent organ, which is over two-thirds average male body length. I show that the strength of pre-copulatory selection acting on male processus length in Lygaeus equestris and genital clasper shape in Lygaeus simulans is significantly influenced by the social context. However, selection on male and female body size in Lygaeus equestris is not. Additionally, I use a meta-analysis of 38 published studies to show that mating preferences are significantly stronger when more than one mate option is available, compared to when only a single option is available. I also investigate the functional morphology of male genital traits in Lygaeus simulans, and use formal selection analysis to quantify the strength of selection acting on these traits before, during and after mating. Finally, I use experimental manipulations in Lygaeus simulans to confirm that male processus length directly influences sperm transfer, and that intact genital claspers are required for successful intromission. Overall, my results illustrate that sexual selection in the wild may vary both spatially and temporally depending on the social environment. It is thus especially important that experiments are performed under ecologically relevant conditions.

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Trillo, Paula Alejandra. "Pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection in the tortoise beetle Acromis Sparsa (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae)." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03212009-144120/unrestricted/Trillo_umt_0136D_10003.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection"

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G, Killenberg Paul, and Clavien Pierre-Alain, eds. Medical care of the liver transplant patient: Total pre-, intra- and post-operative management. 3rd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Levinson, Marjorie. Pre- and Post-Dialectical Materialism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810315.003.0004.

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This chapter argues for a changed concept of the relationship between the human and the natural. It mobilizes contemporary work in the fields of theoretical biology and post-anthropological, post-dialectical perspectives drawn from Spinoza. We get a very different picture of Romantic poetry when we read it in light of the efforts of today’s radical thinkers to reconceive both the practical and categorical relations between culture and nature, the human and the non-human, the biological and the mechanical. This project is to be distinguished from the ecological critiques of industrial and post-industrial capitalism that develop from a conservative humanist position—for example, from that of Jonathan Bate, who advocates a renewed reverential stewardship of the environment, in that way reviving the protectionist, primitivist, essentializing views of nature that arose in the early nineteenth century.

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Ganeri, Jonardon. Perceptual Attention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198757405.003.0005.

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Conscious attention performs two distinct roles in experience, a role of placing and a role of focusing, roles which match a distinction between selection and access endorsed in recent theories of attention. The intentionality of conscious experience consists in two sorts of attentional action, a focusing at and a placing on, the first lending to experience a perspectival categorical content and the second structuring its phenomenal character. Placing should be thought of more like opening a window for consciousness than as shining a spotlight, and focusing has to do with accessing the properties of whatever the window opens onto. A window is an aperture whose boundaries are defined by what is excluded—in this case, distractors.

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Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. The Need for a Science of Science Communication. Edited by Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.2.

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Communicating within and about science in a fashion that honors its norms and ways of knowing plays a role in warranting the ability of science to serve as a privileged source of premises, evidence, and conclusions in public and policy debates and decisions. Unlike political communication, in which selective uses of evidence, categorical assertion, and calculated ambiguity are stocks in trade, science’s distinctive norms and structures of enforcement entail forms of communication that take into account the available relevant evidence, specify the level of certainty attached to a claim, and precisely specifying the phenomena being analyzed or reported. This chapter discusses these issues and suggests future ways forward for science communicators.

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Anderson, Kenneth, and Matthew C. Waxman. Debating Autonomous Weapon Systems, their Ethics, and their Regulation under International Law. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.33.

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An international public debate over the law and ethics of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) has been underway since 2012, with those urging legal regulation of AWS under existing principles and requirements of the international law of armed conflict in argument with opponents who favour, instead, a preemptive international treaty ban on all such weapons. This chapter provides an introduction to this international debate, offering the main arguments on each side. These include disputes over defining an AWS, the morality and law of automated targeting and target selection by machine, and the interaction of humans and machines in the context of lethal weapons of war. Although the chapter concludes that a categorical ban on AWS is unjustified morally and legally—favouring the law of armed conflict’s existing case-by-case legal evaluation—it offers an exposition of arguments on each side of the AWS issue.

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Smith, Alastair, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Paul G. Killenberg, and Beat M�llhaupt. Medical Care of the Liver Transplant Patient: Total Pre-, Intra- and Post-Operative Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Smith, Alastair, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Paul G. Killenberg, and Beat M�llhaupt. Medical Care of the Liver Transplant Patient: Total Pre-, Intra- and Post-Operative Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Medical Care of the Liver Transplant Patient: Total Pre-, Intra- and Post-Operative Management. 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2006.

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Stohr, Karen. Choosing Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197537817.001.0001.

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This book is a reader-friendly introduction to the ethical thought of Immanuel Kant. It is structured as a guide to living in accordance with Kantian ideals of rationality and freedom, despite our human flaws, failings, and weaknesses. The book draws on a wide selection of Kant’s writings so as to make his ethical framework accessible and thought-provoking for modern readers, as well as responsive to contemporary ethical concerns. Part One provides an overview of Kant’s general ethical framework, starting with his conception of freedom and his view of human nature. It covers his account of moral motivation, the three main formulations of his categorical imperative, key Kantian concepts like respect, autonomy, dignity, and love, and it also includes a broad overview of Kant’s entire system of duties. Part Two takes up Kant’s views on self-knowledge and moral assessment of ourselves and others. Part Three consists in an overview of seven crucial Kantian vices: servility, arrogance, contempt, gossiping, mockery, deceitfulness, and drunkenness. Part Four sets out five Kantian life goals—self-development, cheerfulness, reserve, beneficence, and gratitude, while Part Five focuses on Kant’s remarks on social relationships, including friendship, romantic encounters, politeness, and dinner parties. Part Six concludes with Kant’s argument for being hopeful about moral progress, even in the face of despair and disillusionment about the current state of the world. The book aims to present Kantian ethics as an appealing guide for life, one that emphasizes freedom, self-improvement, and optimism about the future.

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Lim, Mui-Hong, and John Bartlett. Osteotomies around the knee. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.008004.

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♦ Osteotomy about the knee can correct deformity and alter the alignment of the knee in different planes.♦ Osteotomy of the knee is indicated for correction of alignment and offloading of affected compartment in osteoarthritis, instability, post cartilage repair and meniscectomy.♦ Pre-operative planning for osteotomy of the knee involves patient selection, clinical and radiological assessment to achieve the desired knee alignment.♦ Depending of the type of knee deformity, distal femoral or proximal osteotomy is indicated of the correction of the deformity.♦ Osteotomy of the knee has been shown to provide pain relief and improve function in majority of patient.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection"

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Silvestre, Cláudia, Margarida Cardoso, and Mário Figueiredo. "Clustering and Selecting Categorical Features." In Progress in Artificial Intelligence, 331–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40669-0_29.

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Gertheiss, Jan, Veronika Stelz, and Gerhard Tutz. "Regularization and Model Selection with Categorical Covariates." In Algorithms from and for Nature and Life, 215–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00035-0_21.

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Piessens, Frank, and Eric Steegmans. "Selective attribute elimination for categorical data specifications." In Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology, 424–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0000487.

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Yap, Poh Hean, and Kok-Leong Ong. "σ-SCLOPE: Clustering Categorical Streams Using Attribute Selection." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 929–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11552451_128.

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Gaboardi, Marco, Shin-ya Katsumata, Dominic Orchard, and Tetsuya Sato. "Graded Hoare Logic and its Categorical Semantics." In Programming Languages and Systems, 234–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_9.

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AbstractDeductive verification techniques based on program logics (i.e., the family of Floyd-Hoare logics) are a powerful approach for program reasoning. Recently, there has been a trend of increasing the expressive power of such logics by augmenting their rules with additional information to reason about program side-effects. For example, general program logics have been augmented with cost analyses, logics for probabilistic computations have been augmented with estimate measures, and logics for differential privacy with indistinguishability bounds. In this work, we unify these various approaches via the paradigm of grading, adapted from the world of functional calculi and semantics. We propose Graded Hoare Logic (GHL), a parameterisable framework for augmenting program logics with a preordered monoidal analysis. We develop a semantic framework for modelling GHL such that grading, logical assertions (pre- and post-conditions) and the underlying effectful semantics of an imperative language can be integrated together. Central to our framework is the notion of a graded category which we extend here, introducing graded Freyd categories which provide a semantics that can interpret many examples of augmented program logics from the literature. We leverage coherent fibrations to model the base assertion language, and thus the overall setting is also fibrational.

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Montesinos López, Osval Antonio, Abelardo Montesinos López, and Jose Crossa. "Support Vector Machines and Support Vector Regression." In Multivariate Statistical Machine Learning Methods for Genomic Prediction, 337–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89010-0_9.

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AbstractIn this chapter, the support vector machines (svm) methods are studied. We first point out the origin and popularity of these methods and then we define the hyperplane concept which is the key for building these methods. We derive methods related to svm: the maximum margin classifier and the support vector classifier. We describe the derivation of the svm along with some kernel functions that are fundamental for building the different kernels methods that are allowed in svm. We explain how the svm for binary response variables can be expanded for categorical response variables and give examples of svm for binary and categorical response variables with plant breeding data for genomic selection. Finally, general issues for adopting the svm methodology for continuous response variables are provided, and some examples of svm for continuous response variables for genomic prediction are described.

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Jin, Yang, and Wanli Zuo. "Clustering Categorical Data Using Qualified Nearest Neighbors Selection Model." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1037–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11941439_118.

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Montesinos López, Osval Antonio, Abelardo Montesinos López, and Jose Crossa. "Random Forest for Genomic Prediction." In Multivariate Statistical Machine Learning Methods for Genomic Prediction, 633–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89010-0_15.

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AbstractWe give a detailed description of random forest and exemplify its use with data from plant breeding and genomic selection. The motivations for using random forest in genomic-enabled prediction are explained. Then we describe the process of building decision trees, which are a key component for building random forest models. We give (1) the random forest algorithm, (2) the main hyperparameters that need to be tuned, and (3) different splitting rules that are key for implementing random forest models for continuous, binary, categorical, and count response variables. In addition, many examples are provided for training random forest models with different types of response variables with plant breeding data. The random forest algorithm for multivariate outcomes is provided and its most popular splitting rules are also explained. In this case, some examples are provided for illustrating its implementation even with mixed outcomes (continuous, binary, and categorical). Final comments about the pros and cons of random forest are provided.

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Wang, Fen, Xiaoxuan Li, Xiaotao Huang, and Ling Kang. "Improved Document Feature Selection with Categorical Parameter for Text Classification." In Mobile, Secure, and Programmable Networking, 86–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50463-6_8.

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Landauer, Max, Georg Höld, Markus Wurzenberger, Florian Skopik, and Andreas Rauber. "Iterative Selection of Categorical Variables for Log Data Anomaly Detection." In Computer Security – ESORICS 2021, 757–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88418-5_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection"

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"SELECTING CATEGORICAL FEATURES IN MODEL-BASED CLUSTERING." In International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002303203030306.

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Zhen, Zhilong, Haijuan Wang, Lixin Han, and Zhan Shi. "Categorical Document Frequency Based Feature Selection for Text Categorization." In 2011 International Conference on Information Technology, Computer Engineering and Management Sciences (ICM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icm.2011.365.

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Chattopadhyay, Sayantan. "MIME: Mutual Information Minimizer for Selection of Categorical Features." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conecct52877.2021.9622559.

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Li, Qiang, Liang He, and Xin Lin. "Categorical term frequency probability based feature selection for document categorization." In 2013 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2013.7054103.

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Li, Qiang, Liang He, and Xin Lin. "Improved categorical distribution difference feature selection for Chinese document categorization." In the 8th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2557977.2558041.

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"SUMMARIZING SETS OF CATEGORICAL SEQUENCES - Selecting and Visualizing Representative Sequences." In International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002300400620069.

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Park, David Keetae, Seungjoo Yoo, Hyojin Bahng, Jaegul Choo, and Noseong Park. "MEGAN: Mixture of Experts of Generative Adversarial Networks for Multimodal Image Generation." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/122.

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Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown promising performance in generating realistic images. However, they often struggle in learning complex underlying modalities in a given dataset, resulting in poor-quality generated images. To mitigate this problem, we present a novel approach called mixture of experts GAN (MEGAN), an ensemble approach of multiple generator networks. Each generator network in MEGAN specializes in generating images with a particular subset of modalities, e.g., an image class. Instead of incorporating a separate step of handcrafted clustering of multiple modalities, our proposed model is trained through an end-to-end learning of multiple generators via gating networks, which is responsible for choosing the appropriate generator network for a given condition. We adopt the categorical reparameterization trick for a categorical decision to be made in selecting a generator while maintaining the flow of the gradients. We demonstrate that individual generators learn different and salient subparts of the data and achieve a multiscale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) score of 0.2470 for CelebA and a competitive unsupervised inception score of 8.33 in CIFAR-10.

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"AN HYBRID APPROACH TO FEATURE SELECTION FOR MIXED CATEGORICAL AND CONTINUOUS DATA." In International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003634903940401.

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Suri, N. N. R. Ranga, M. Narasimha Murty, and G. Athithan. "Unsupervised feature selection for outlier detection in categorical data using mutual information." In 2012 12th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/his.2012.6421343.

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Cheruiyot, Victor, and Baidya Nath Saha. "A Machine Learning Based Approach for Software Test Case Selection." In Intelligent Computing and Technologies Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.115.25.

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Testing is conducted after developing each software to detect the defects which are then removed. However, it is very difficult task to test a non-trivial software completely. Hence, it’s important to test the software with important test cases. In this research, we developed a machine learning based software test case selection strategy for regression testing. To develop the method, we first clean and preprocess the data. Then we convet the categorical data to its numerical value. The we implement a natural language processing to calculate bag of features for text feature such as testcase title. We evaluate different machine learning models for test case selection. Experimental results demonstrate that machine learning based models can aovid manual labour of the domain experts for test case selection.

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Reports on the topic "Pre-categorical and post-categorical selection"

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Nuttall, Albert H. Operating Characteristics of an Or-ing and Selection Processor with Pre- and Post-Averaging. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177623.

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Sherman, Amir, Rebecca Grumet, Ron Ophir, Nurit Katzir, and Yiqun Weng. Whole genome approach for genetic analysis in cucumber: Fruit size as a test case. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594399.bard.

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Abstract:

The Cucurbitaceae family includes a broad array of economically and nutritionally important crop species that are consumed as vegetables, staple starches and desserts. Fruit of these species, and types within species, exhibit extensive diversity as evidenced by variation in size, shape, color, flavor, and others. Fruit size and shape are critical quality determinants that delineate uses and market classes and are key traits under selection in breeding programs. However, the underlying genetic bases for variation in fruit size remain to be determined. A few species the Cucurbitaceae family were sequenced during the time of this project (cucumber was already sequenced when the project started watermelon and melon sequence became available during the project) but functional genomic tools are still missing. This research program had three major goals: 1. Develop whole genome cucumber and melon SNP arrays. 2. Develop and characterize cucumber populations segregating for fruit size. 3. Combine genomic tools, segregating populations, and phenotypic characterization to identify loci associated with fruit size. As suggested by the reviewers the work concentrated mostly in cucumber and not both in cucumber and melon. In order to develop a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array for cucumber, available and newly generated sequence from two cucumber cultivars with extreme differences in shape and size, pickling GY14 and Chinese long 9930, were analyzed for variation (SNPs). A large set of high quality SNPs was discovered between the two parents of the RILs population (GY14 and 9930) and used to design a custom SNP array with 35000 SNPs using Agilent technology. The array was validated using 9930, Gy14 and F1 progeny of the two parents. Several mapping populations were developed for linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit size These includes 145 F3 families and 150 recombinant inbred line (RILs F7 or F8 (Gy14 X 9930) and third population contained 450 F2 plants from a cross between Gy14 and a wild plant from India. The main population that was used in this study is the RILs population of Gy14 X 9930. Phenotypic and morphological analyses of 9930, Gy14, and their segregating F2 and RIL progeny indicated that several, likely independent, factors influence cucumber fruit size and shape, including factors that act both pre-anthesis and post-pollination. These include: amount, rate, duration, and plane of cell division pre- and post-anthesis and orientation of cell expansion. Analysis of F2 and RIL progeny indicated that factors influencing fruit length were largely determined pre-anthesis, while fruit diameter was more strongly influenced by environment and growth factors post-anthesis. These results suggest involvement of multiple genetically segregating factors expected to map independently onto the cucumber genome. Using the SNP array and the phenotypic data two major QTLs for fruit size of cucumber were mapped in very high accuracy (around 300 Kb) with large set of markers that should facilitate identification and cloning of major genes that contribute to fruit size in cucumber. In addition, a highly accurate haplotype map of all RILS was created to allow fine mapping of other traits segregating in this population. A detailed cucumber genetic map with 6000 markers was also established (currently the most detailed genetic map of cucumber). The integration of genetics physiology and genomic approaches in this project yielded new major infrastructure tools that can be used for understanding fruit size and many other traits of importance in cucumber. The SNP array and genetic population with an ultra-fine map can be used for future breeding efforts, high resolution mapping and cloning of traits of interest that segregate in this population. The genetic map that was developed can be used for other breeding efforts in other populations. The study of fruit development that was done during this project will be important in dissecting function of genes that that contribute to the fruit size QTLs. The SNP array can be used as tool for mapping different traits in cucumber. The development of the tools and knowledge will thus promote genetic improvement of cucumber and related cucurbits.

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