Academic literature on the topic 'Pre and Post-liberalisation Periods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pre and Post-liberalisation Periods"
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Ahmed, Gulzar, Muhammad Arshad Khan, Tahir Mahmood, and Muhammad Afzal. "Trade Liberalisation and Industrial Productivity: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 319–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i4pp.319-348.
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This study examines the impact of trade liberalisation on the industrial productivity for a panel of twenty seven 3-digit manufacturing industries in Pakistan over the period 1980-2006. Using a variant of the Cobb-Douglas production function for industrial sector, we estimated output elasticities. The results show positive output elasticities with respect to labour, capital and raw materials for the pre-trade liberalisation period (1981 –1995) as well as post-trade liberalisation period (1996-2006). For the pre-liberalisation period, we observe positive output elasticity with respect to energy, while it turns out to be negative in the post-liberalisation period probably due to energy crisis in Pakistan. In the second stage, we calculate total factor productivity (TFP) and examine the impact of trade liberalisation on TFP for pre-and post-trade liberalisation periods. The results reveal that trade liberalisation proxied by import duty has positive but negligible impact on the TFP in the pre-as well as post-liberalisation periods. On the other hand, effective rates of protection exert large negative impact on the TFP in the post-liberalisation than the pre-liberalisation period. JEL Classifications: F14, F13, O53, L60 Keywords: Trade Liberalisation, Total Factor Productivity, Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan
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Dash, Abhiram, Madhuchhanda Kishan, S. N. Mishra, and Nirakar Bhol. "Assessment of Growth Rate and Instability of Groundnut Production in Odisha, India: A Statistical Modelling Approach." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i72862.
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Oilseeds in Odisha has a major contribution in increasing the income of farmers which is due to their greater economic value. The important oilseed crops grown in Odisha are groundnut, mustard, sunflower, sesamum and castor. Groundnut shares 34% of total area under oilseeds in Odisha and 64% of total production of oilseeds in the state. The present makes an attempt to explore the best fit model on area, productivity and production of groundnut in Odisha and use the selected best fit model to estimate the growth rate of the variables. The instability of area, productivity and production of groundnut in Odisha is also studied with help of coefficient of variation.
Data from 1970-71 to 2019-20 have been used to estimate the growth rate and instability by dividing the whole period of study in two periods - pre-liberalisation period (1970-71 to 1995-96) which is referred as period I and post-liberalisation (1996-97 to 2019-20) which is referred as period II. Models considered in the analysis are linear model, logarithmic model, quadratic model, compound model and power model. Durbin-Watson test, Shapiro-wilk’s test and park’s test are used for testing error assumption. By testing the significance of parametric coefficient, residual diagnostics and the model fit statistics, the best fit model for the variable have been selected. Using the best fit model, the growth rate of area, productivity and production of groundnut in Odisha has been estimated. The measure of instability of area, productivity and production of groundnut is given by Coefficient of Variation.
The study reveals that different models have been found to be the best fit for different variables in different periods. The study of growth rate using the best fit model reveals that area and production of groundnut decrease in post-liberalisation period than pre-liberalisation period. The growth rate of productivity of groundnut increases in post-liberalisation period as compared to pre-liberalisation period. The situation is reverse with respect to instability. The study comes with the conclusion that as compared to pre-liberalisation period, the productivity performance of groundnut in Odisha has enhanced in post-liberalisation period. The poor performance in area under groundnut results in poor performance in production of groundnut during post-liberalisation period as compared to pre-liberalisation period. The appropriate model building technique helps in depicting a proper scenario of groundnut production in the state of Odisha.
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Karunakaran, N., and K. V. Pradeep. "Gold price dynamics in India: A pre-post-liberalisation comparison." Journal of Management Research and Analysis 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jmra.2022.020.
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There are considerable differences in gold price movements in India in the periods of pre-and-post globalised regimes. This is because of a change in the controlled regime in the pre-liberalised to a meticulous dilution in the post-liberalised era. Hence, the liberalised period witnessed an upward trend in price dynamics with only occasional dampening in the price cycles. The jewellery sector in India is not driven by local forces as most of the inputs are imported for production and value-added export. It is revealed that the positive impact is the result of liberalisation and related mechanisation. Gold price shows a kind of co-integration of domestic prices with the global cues. In the pre-post-dichotomy, the post-liberalisation period is more integrated with the global prices than the pre-liberalised.
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Chile, Love, and D. Talukder. "Agricultural trade liberalisation and price volatility in Bangladesh and Tanzania: a comparative analysis." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 2 (January 30, 2015): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/70.
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This paper examines the impacts of agricultural trade liberalisation on the welfare of smallholder farmers in Bangladesh and Tanzania. Using secondary data for the pre and postliberalisation periods for two main agricultural crops from Bangladesh (rice) and Tanzania (maize) we analysed the correlation between domestic and international prices of rice and maize to investigate impacts of agricultural trade liberalisation on price stability/volatility and food security with a view to analysing the economic benefits of trade liberalisation for smallholder farmers. To understand price volatility, we used the Huchet-Bourdon (2011) method to estimate the coefficient of variation of the level of prices (CV) and the corrected coefficient of variation (CCV). We found that the values of both CV and CCV for consumer price in the postliberalisation period were quite large, suggesting greater volatility of consumer price of both crops. We further found that productivity growth did not necessarily lead to income gains for smallholder farmers in either country due to price volatility and the lack of market integration. This study illustrates the contradictory outcomes of agricultural trade liberalisation. We recommend complementary policy interventions to achieve enhanced welfare outcomes from agricultural trade liberalisation.
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Raju, Sunitha. "From Public to Private Investment Based Development Strategy: Understanding the Process, Policies and Effects of the Paradigm Shift." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 2, no. 1 (January 1998): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x98002001009.
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This paper analyses India’s Industrial transition from a protectionist to a liberalised regime. As such, the analysis is for two time periods, namely, the Pre and the Post Reform periods. Given the broad development objectives, the focus of the analysis is on examining the policy framework and its effect on the industrialisation process. At the sectoral level, the relative roles of the public and the private sectors have been analysed in terms of their investment behaviour and performance. Even though there has been evidence of positive efficiency gains in the post reform period, this paper argues that economic liberalisation in India has been primarily reactionary in nature, without any long term development agenda. Contrary to the general belief that economic liberalism would diminish the role of the State, the paper argues that the role of the State needs to be redefined. Considering our development needs, the State should concentrate on designing appropriate policies for regulating private sector instead of actively participating in commercial activities, develop rural infrastructure for greater employment opportunities; and strengthen the social security systems.
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Nguyen, Thanh. "The performance of the Chinese banking system before and after the WTO entry." China Finance Review International 6, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-08-2015-0116.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 2002 on the efficiency levels, efficiency components (technological change and scale economy), and efficiency determinants of Chinese banks. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs a two-stage stochastic frontier analysis to estimate efficiency and its components and identify the efficiency determinants. Findings – Chinese banks did not benefit from technological change and scale expansion in reducing costs in the pre-WTO period, but the reverse occurred in the post-WTO period. Chinese banks benefited from technological change in increasing profits to a lower degree in the post than the pre-WTO period. Cost efficiency declined while profit efficiency improved after China’s accession. Security investments positively drove profit efficiency in both pre- and post-WTO periods. There was an efficiency gap between joint-stock banks and state-owned banks in the pre-WTO period, but this gap disappeared in the post-WTO period. Economic freedom was related negatively to cost efficiency and positively to profit efficiency in the pre-WTO period, but opposite relations occurred in the post-WTO period. Practical implications – These findings appear to favour gradual liberalisation in the Chinese banking system, gradual removal of restrictions on foreign banks, certain shift from non-security investments to security investments, technology investment and scale expansion. Originality/value – This is the first study investigating the impact of the WTO on the efficiency, technological progress, economy of scale and efficiency determinants in Chinese banks.
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Chile, Love M., and Dayal Talukder. "The Paradox of Agricultural Trade Liberalization in Bangladesh and Tanzania." American Journal of Trade and Policy 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v1i1.358.
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This paper examines some of the contradictions and theoretical ambiguities of agricultural trade liberalizationon the welfare of smallholder farmers. Using production, consumption and price data for pre-and post-liberalization periods for two main agricultural crops from Bangladesh (rice) and Tanzania (maize) we critically analyse the correlation between domestic and international prices of rice in Bangladesh and maize in Tanzania to estimate impact of agricultural trade liberalization on price stability/volatility and food security to measure economic benefits of trade liberalization on smallholder farmers. Using coefficient of variation of the level of prices (CV) and corrected coefficient of variation (CCV) as measured by Huchet-Bourdon (2011) we found that the values of both CV and CCV for consumer price in the post-liberalisation were quite large suggesting greater volatility of consumer price of rice in Bangladesh and maize in Tanzania in the post-liberalization period. We conclude that price volatility diminishes the potential benefits of agricultural trade liberalization forsmallholder farmers who are net-deficit producers, net-deficit sellers and recommend supplementary policy interventions to achieve enhanced welfare from trade liberalization.
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R, Sharmila. "Trends in the growth of net State Domestic Product in Karnataka." Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development ISSN 2394-3378 2, no. 10 (November 9, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmd021004.
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Being eighth largest state in India (geographically), the involvement of Karnataka for India’s rising success is significant. Diverse agricultural and mineral resources and strong manufacturing capabilities of Karnataka accounts for close to 10 per cent of India’s product exports. The State’s software exports are more than 35 per cent of India’s software exports. Being the world’s fourth largest technology cluster, Bangalore has the perfect ecosystem fostering growth and development of State-of-the-art technology. The State has made notable progress in all sectors inspite of the global slowdown in recent years. This paper is an attempt to analyse the trends in the growth of Net State Domestic Product in Karnataka for the period 1980-2011. It is concerned with the growth of different sectors of the economy, the changes in the shares of sectors to the Net State Domestic Product of Karnataka. The paper categorised a period of 31 years (1980-2011) as the Pre-liberalisation period-1980-1990, two phases of liberalisation:-Period/Phase 1:1990-2000, Period/Phase 2:2000-2011.Methodology follows the semi-log growth model. Karnataka recorded considerable growth rate of domestic product in the I-Phase and II-Phase of liberalisation period and for the entire period. What has been observed is that in the three periods and for the entire period both in terms of rates of growth and share in net state domestic product the tertiary sector has dominated.
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Prayagsing, Chakeel, and Kheswar Jankee. "Influence of External Sources of Funding on Corporate Financial Policies in a Pre-Financial Crisis Period in South Africa—A Case Study of Mauritian Enterprises." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 3, no. 3 (June 3, 2017): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v3n3p287.
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<p><em>A number of scholars have been motivated to study the manner to which firms adjust their corporate finance strategies in light of the availability and easiness of accessing external sources of funding. Till recently, researchers have also been interested to analyse the external factors that allow firms to relax their fixed budget and the consequent impact on corporate strategies. These mainly include alterations in the composition of their funding and the second round effects on other corporate decisions such as on investment projects and their dividend policies. External financing can be assessed both from a policy perspective, i.e., via financial liberalisation policies, as well as other development in the financial sector such as availability of alternative bases of finance, both from banks and non-banks. It will thus be pertinent to examine the impact of FL policies as well as availability of financial resources on the capital structure of Mauritian firms and their investment decisions in a post financial liberalization period. A judicious investigation is undertaken and the empirical soundness of our different formulations tested with the techniques of panel data and GMM estimates. We compare and contrast the results in the 7 different sectors notably banking, insurance, leasing, hotel, oil, retail/distributive trade and the construction industry. For a better analysis, the full sample of firms is divided into several subsamples as follows: top 100 companies, firms in group-structure, those which are not in group structures, local firms, international firms, firms with good banking ties, those with good and poor corporate governance, listed and unlisted firms. By employing different econometric investment models, we found that all indices of FL, including the index of money market liberalisation, index of capital account liberalisation and overall financial liberalisation index have do not have any influence on private investment behaviour. In contract, higher amount of money in circulation, bank credit, leasing activities and subsidised financing from the Development bank have a positive impact on private investment expenditures. Development in the financial sector in terms of credit facilities offered by insurance companies, venture capitals and the stock market activities have not been effective in inducing firms to increase their investment portfolios.</em></p>
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Moses Gabriel OTIEDHE and Edirin JEROH. "VALUE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION OF QUOTED NIGERIAN FIRMS IN THE INDUSTRIAL GOODS SECTOR: ASSESSMENT OF THE PRE- AND POST- IFRS ERA." Finance & Accounting Research Journal 4, no. 4 (November 28, 2022): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/farj.v4i4.415.
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The possible impact that IFRS adoption may have on the relevance of accounting information of some selected quoted industrial goods sector firms in Nigeria. The studied periods spanned from 2003-2011 (pre-IFRS periods) and 2012-2020 (post-IFRS periods). The sample used in this article consisted of ten (10) readily chosen quoted industrial businesses. In the study, the share price served as both a regressand and a regressor, together with earnings per share and book value per share. The provided data were examined using descriptive statistics, a correlation matrix, and a variance inflation factor. The study opted for the Panel Corrected Standard Error (PSCE) due to heteroskedasticity challenges. The study finds that, on the overall, accounting information produced under the pre-IFRS periods are more value relevant than accounting information produced under the post-IFRS periods. Similarly, earnings per share during pre-IFRS periods have higher value relevance than post-IFRS periods. On the contrary, compared to the pre-IFRS periods, the post-IFRS periods have a higher value relevance for book value per share. The study concludes that the implementation of IFRS has not yet fully boosted the value relevance of accounting information for listed industrial products sector enterprises in Nigeria. As such, the recommends that management of the industrial goods sector firms in Nigeria should continue to adhere strictly to the standards laid down by IFRS for financial reporting and not be selective of standards. This will help to improve the value relevance of what is being reported especially to the stakeholders.
Keywords: Accounting Information, Value Relevance, Industrial Goods Sector, Firms, Pre- and post-IFRS adoption.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pre and Post-liberalisation Periods"
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Mohamed, Azali. "The monetary policy transmission mechanism : the Malaysian experience during the pre-liberalisation and post-liberalisation periods." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326023.
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Sarkar, Joy. "Relation between stock market and select marco-electronic variables : A study on pre and post liberalization experiences in India." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4811.
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Zhang, Haitao. "Accrual-based earnings management and corporate governance, China : evidence in the pre- and post-code periods." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2823/.
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This thesis aims to investigate the impact of implementation of The Code of Corporate Governance . for Listed Companies in China (or the Code) in 2002 upon the accrual-based earnings management (hereafter EM) practices in China's listed companies. Based on Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Agency Theory (AT), it is hypothesised that, due to the improvement of the corporate governance Code, Chinese listed companies engage less in EM. In particular, it is hypothesised the relationships between the main corporate governance (or CG) mechanisms arranged from the executive compensation to the characteristics of controlling shareholders (shareholdings and ownership type) and EM prior to and after the Code. Drawing upon a panel data of 447 non-financial Chinese listed companies over the period of 2000-2006, the results provide robust evidence suggesting that while the magnitude of discretionary accruals (or DAs-proxy of EM) measured by the Modified Jones Model (Dechow el al., 1995) and the Larcker and Richardson (2004) (or L&R) Model respectively decreases over time, the reduction is more pronounced after the Code compared with it prior to the Code. In addition, the findings show that companies engage in larger earning-decreasing DAs are followed by smaller positive reversals. The findings also document that: (1) the performance-based compensation is neither statistically nor economically related to the magnitude of DAs; (2) the independent non-executives on the board significantly constrain the magnitude of DAs, and such effect is increased significantly in the post-Code period; (3) while both the audit committee and the institutional investors significantly reduce earnings-increasing DAs, especially in the post-Code period, they do not significantly mitigate the earnings-decreasing choices; (4) the use of the international reputable auditor (Big 4) is not significantly correlated to the magnitude of DAs; and (5) the controlling shareholders especially who are ultimately controlled by the State significantly engage in DAs before and after the Code. This thesis has made important theoretical and managerial implications. Theoretically, it implies that as TCE and AT are complementary theories, a theoretical framework by incorporating TCE with AT should be robust in investigating the relationships between CG and EM in China's stock markets. Managerially, it implies that investors should be aware of the EM behaviours and need to check firms' financial statements with great caution. For stock market regulators, they may need to: (1) enforce more transparent compliance with the CG Code, and extend the requirements and duties of non-executives so that greater oversight is provided; (2) strengthen the independence and expertise of the audit committee; and (3) be cautious of promoting the participation of international audit firms as these firms do not necessarily help China with improving its monitoring system. For policy makers, they may need to consider improving the legal environment so as to make expropriation of minority shareholders more difficult.
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Van, Staden Elizabeth. "Effect of different equilibration periods pre-cryopreservation on post-thaw sperm motility in Nguni and Boran bulls." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25956.
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Compared to natural selection, the use of artificial insemination (AI) and other reproductive technologies rapidly increase the rate of genetic change in any population. In order to achieve success with AI, the semen used to inseminate cows must be of the highest possible quality. When semen is frozen, generally only about 50% of the spermatozoa survive the cryopreservation process. Thus, any factors possibly affecting the survival of spermatozoa through the numerous freezing-thawing steps should be studied, in order to identify the optimal conditions for the survival of spermatozoa. The discovery of protective agents within egg yolk and glycerol was a major milestone in sperm cryopreservation. These agents protect bovine spermatozoa during cooling and freezing procedures and result in increased survival rates. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa has become the most common technique for the preservation of male fertility of genetically superior sires even after their death. Using cryopreserved sperm to artificially inseminate females has become standard practice in commercial dairy cattle herds and the application of this reproductive management tool is also expanding to beef herds worldwide. The use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant for bovine spermatozoa is credited as the reason for the success in bovine semen cryopreservation. The purpose of this research was to quantify the effects of different cooling periods, as well as different glycerol equilibration periods on the post-thaw motility percentages and recovery fractions of semen collected from Boran and Nguni bulls. The research was subdivided into two experiments. In each experiment different cooling and glycerol equilibration times were researched. The first experiment involved shorter cooling times (30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes) with each cooling time followed by several longer equilibration times (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h). In the second experiment the cooling and equilibration times from the first experiment were reversed. This resulted in longer cooling times (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h) with each cooling time having shorter glycerol equilibration times (30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes). An egg yolk-Tris two-step extender was used in both the experiments. The general trend for the glycerol equilibration periods studied in Experiment 1 was that the resulting overall average post-thaw motility percentage and average recovery fraction increased with longer periods. There was a breed difference when comparing the average post-thaw motility percentages after 4, 5, 6 and 8 h (p<0.05), while the average post-thaw motility percentages also tended to differ after 7 h of equilibration. The general trend observed for equilibration periods used in Experiment 2 was that the average post-thaw motility percentage increased as glycerol equilibration period increased up to 120 minutes, but after 240 minutes of glycerol equilibration, there was a slight decline. The differences in average post-thaw motility percentage after the respective glycerol equilibration periods were not statistically significant. The results of each experiment were used to create a matrix that can be used in practice. The matrix using results from Experiment 1 demonstrated that a cooling period glycerol equilibration period combination of 240 minutes and 7 h resulted in the highest (not significantly different from most other combinations) average post-thaw motility rates. The matrix formed from the results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that an 8 h cooling period combined with a 60 minute glycerol equilibration period yielded the highest (not significantly different from most other combinations), average post-thaw motility percentage.Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
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Torn, Alison. "Madness and narrative understanding : a comparison of two female firsthand narratives of madness in the pre and post enlightenment periods." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3352.
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This study uses a narrative analytic approach to explore the similarities and differences between pre-Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment firsthand accounts of madness in order to answer the question; what is the relationship between madness, narrative, understanding, identity and recovery? Drawing on the work of Foucault, the research traces the historical and cultural development of conceptualisations of reason and unreason, the rise of psychiatry and the marginalisation of the voice of madness. I argue that this marginalisation is continued in narrative research where the focus is on the stories of the physically ill, rather than madness. The narrative method provides a means of giving space to these marginalised voices and it is Bakhtin's constructs of dialogicism, polyphony, unfinalizability and the chronotope that provide the tools for the narrative analysis of two female English writers; Margery Kempe and Mary Barnes. The analysis highlights three critical issues in relation to firsthand narratives of madness. First, the blurred boundaries between madness and mysticism and the role of metaphor in understanding distressing experiences. Second, the complex, multi-dimensional nature of subjective timespace that challenges the linear assumptions underlying both narrative and recovery, which, I argue, demands a radical reconceptualisation of both constructs. Third, the liminal social positioning within the analysed accounts is closely related to Bakhtin's notion of unfinalizability, a form of being that enables the search for meaning and the transformation of the self. Insights can be gained from this research that may place stories and understanding central in contemporary healthcare.
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Regula, Rosa M. "An analysis of Yasir Arafat's media image in The New York Times in the pre and post handshake periods, 1988-1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/MQ52648.pdf.
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Gobey, Mathew William. "The determinants of Colombian plant level productivity Pre and Post Liberalisation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527617.
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CANDELIER, CHRISTOPHE. "Le sotalol intraveineux en periode pre, per et post-operatoire : a propos de 34 cas." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M150.
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Gualdi, Valentina. "Analisi del linguaggio politico italiano nel periodo pre e post referendum costituzionale 2016." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12713/.
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Questo elaborato analizza le particolarità del linguaggio politico partendo dai resoconti stenografici dell’Assemblea della Camera dei deputati di novembre e dicembre 2016. Dopo aver introdotto la struttura delle sedute dell’Assemblea per comprendere il genere di evento comunicativo in cui i discorsi hanno luogo, l’analisi vera e propria inizia con l’esame del ruolo del Presidente e di come il suo modo di esprimersi sia profondamente legato alla prassi stabilita dal Regolamento della Camera. Successivamente sono analizzati aspetti dei discorsi quali i modi di dire, i forestierismi e le espressioni usate ripetutamente dai deputati, qui chiamati “futuri plastismi”. È poi prestata particolare attenzione alle scelte linguistiche dei deputati, considerando: l’uso dei pronomi personali soggetto (io, noi, voi e l’impersonale); le occorrenze di alcuni gli avverbi; e l’uso di alcune locuzioni preposizionali. Infine, questo elaborato affronta la questione della comunicazione conflittuale alla Camera dei deputati e di come questa influenzi le scelte linguistiche dei partecipanti, spiegando come affermazioni ironiche e modi di dire abbiano un’importante ruolo nella gestione del conflitto, concludendo con alcune considerazioni che “tireranno le somme” delle osservazioni fatte, descrivendo un discorso politico “tipo” di fine 2016. Lo scopo di questa tesi, al termine di un corso di laurea magistrale in interpretazione, è di fare chiarezza su alcuni fenomeni tipici del linguaggio politico che possono rendere i discorsi complessi da interpretare.
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Slabbert, Natalie Celeste. "The strategic significance of South Africa in the pre-and immediate post-Cold War period." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08022006-122056.
Full textBooks on the topic "Pre and Post-liberalisation Periods"
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Matsubayashi, Yoichi, and Shigeto Kitano, eds. Global Financial Flows in the Pre- and Post-global Crisis Periods. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3613-5.
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Rousseau, G. S. Perilous Enlightenment: Pre- and Post-Modern Discourses: Sexual, Historical. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1991.
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Solvang, Ole. Democracy in the crossfire: Opposition violence and government abuses in the 2014 pre- and post-election period in Bangladesh. New York]: Human Rights Watch, 2014.
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Mazumdar, Dipak. Measurement and determinants of poverty in pre and post reform period in India: An analysis for India and major states. New Delhi: Institute for Human Development, 2004.
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Drain, Cecil B. The recovery room: A critical care approach to post anesthesia nursing. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1987.
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1942-, Österberg Eva, and Sogner Sølvi 1932-, eds. People meet the law: Control and conflict-handling in the courts : the Nordic countries in the post-Reformation and pre-industrial period. [Oslo]: Universitetsforlaget, 2000.
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1925-, Davies R. W., ed. The Russian revolution: From Lenin to Stalin : 1917-1929. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
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Balʹtermant͡s, D. Faces of a nation: The rise and fall of the Soviet Union, 1917-1991. Golden, Colo: Fulcrum Pub., 1996.
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Kitano, Shigeto, and Yoichi Matsubayashi. Global Financial Flows in the Pre- and Post-Global Crisis Periods. Springer, 2022.
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Strindberg, August. Selected Plays: The Pre-Inferno Period, the Post-Inferno Period. Univ of Minnesota Pr (Trd), 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pre and Post-liberalisation Periods"
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Aktan, Ceyda, and Tolga Omay. "Nonlinearity in Emerging European Markets: Pre and Post Crisis Periods." In Global Issues in Banking and Finance, 143–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30387-7_10.
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Ylla, Irene, Isis Sanpera-Calbet, Eusebi Vázquez, Anna M. Romaní, Isabel Muñoz, Andrea Butturini, and Sergi Sabater. "Organic matter availability during pre- and post-drought periods in a Mediterranean stream." In Global Change and River Ecosystems—Implications for Structure, Function and Ecosystem Services, 217–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0608-8_15.
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Singha, Komol, and S. N. Rajesh Raj. "The dynamics of economic growth in India's north-eastern region in the pre- and post-reform periods." In The Routledge Handbook of Post-Reform Indian Economy, 481–97. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367855741-31.
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Singla, Naresh, and Munish Kumar. "Regional Income Disparities and Convergence in India: A Study of Pre and Post-Reforms Periods." In State and Capitalist Development in India, 324–40. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032668796-20.
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Powell, Alfred M., and Jianjun Xu. "Evaluation of the Temperature Trend and Climate Forcing in the Pre- and Post Periods of Satellite Data Assimilation." In Satellite-based Applications on Climate Change, 49–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5872-8_4.
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Park, Hyunhee. "The Peak of China’s Long-Distance Maritime Connections with Western Asia During the Mongol Period: Comparison with the Pre-Mongol and Post-Mongol Periods." In Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I, 53–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97667-9_3.
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Remoaldo, Paula Cristina, Laurentina Vareiro, José Cadima Ribeiro, and José Freitas Santos. "Resident’s Perceptions on Impacts of Hosting the Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture: Comparisons of the Pre- and Post Periods." In Impact Assessment in Tourism Economics, 229–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14920-2_16.
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Langeland, Eva, Lenneke Vaandrager, Anne Britt Vika Nilsen, Marco Schraner, and Claudia Meier Magistretti. "Effectiveness of Interventions to Enhance the Sense of Coherence in the Life Course." In The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 201–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_20.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the effectiveness of programs and interventions that aim to strengthen the sense of coherence (SOC) throughout the life span. The authors report on more than 40 studies investigating the effectiveness of interventions to strengthen the SOC. They structure and summarize findings for young people, employed and unemployed adults, health professionals, people with disabilities, people with psychosomatic and mental health problems, people with physical problems, hospital patients, and older people. Even though most studies are limited to short-term pre-test and post-test study designs, a few studies have investigated the effects of intervention for longer follow-up periods of up to several months and even more than one year.
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Geda, Alemayehu. "The Structure and Performance of Ethiopia’s Financial Sector in the Pre- and Post-Reform Periods, with a Special Focus on Banking." In Domestic Resource Mobilization and Financial Development, 163–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230594012_8.
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Kościelniak, Krzysztof. "The elite interactions. Elements of consociationalism and the intra-organisational factors in Syria in the pre- and post-Arab uprising periods." In Power-sharing in the Divided Asian Societies, 189–212. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737015752.189.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pre and Post-liberalisation Periods"
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Baranov, V. M., M. V. Baranov, A. V. Pashchenko, and R. M. Baevsky. "Human reserve evaluation problems during pre- and post space flight periods." In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-b4.3.07.
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Raghavan, Mala, Param Silvapulle, and George Athanasopoulos. "Malaysian monetary transmission mechanism: Evidence from the pre- and post-Asian financial crisis periods." In 2010 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2010.5719930.
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Popescu, Claudia Rodica, Delia Popescu, Iuliana Tudose (Pop), and Ionuț Andrei Militaru. "Supply and Demand in Tourism Destinations in Romania. Pre and Post Pandemic Comparative Analysis." In 9th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2023/09/048.
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Tourism is considered one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy and is an essential element for countries that have significant tourism resources that can be exploited. The rational use of tourism resources is closely related to the increase in tourist flows and the number of accommodation establishments, i.e. tourism demand and tourism supply. The article deals with the relationship between tourist demand and tourist supply, using the example of destinations in Romania, and aims to identify destinations where there is a balance between accommodation units and overnight stays, and how to intervene to reduce the gaps between them. In this sense, quantitative methods such as Spearman and Kendall indicators were used to rank these destinations based on the statistical data provided by Tempo online during the period 2000-2021 for two periods 2000-2019 and 2019-2021. The research results show that highly specialized destinations are the most affected by seasonality. A solution to remedy this situation could come from Destination Management Organizations (DMOs). The study addresses the issue in a crucial period for tourism worldwide, not only in Romania, namely the period characterized by the pandemic COVID -19. Thus, both the period before the pandemic, when tourism reached its highest level, and the period after the pandemic, when a return to a normal situation, but marked by profound changes, is observed, are evaluated. The novelty of the article consists in the creation of a consolidated relationship between the destinations in Romania and the eight DMOs recently established in Romania, in order to allow a better management of the tourist activities.
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Vasić, Petar. "Migration Balance in Serbia: Age, Cohort and Period Analysis." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.34.
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Problem of international migration evidence and statistics in Serbia is well known by far. Migration balance is calculated for entire intercensal period by vital statistics method. Values gained in such a way aren’t specified by age and generation, thus can be tracked only by period. In the other hand, mirror statistics doesn't provide much more than a crude migration balance estimation. In this article we will try to estimate migration balance by age and by cohort. Based on data on vital events and census data we will calculate migration balance, and all the indicators related to it. Analysis is covering the period from 1981. to 2022. and is related to the total population of Serbia. We will also analyse possible differences between generations and periods by statistical analysis. Such methodologically uncommon approach will give us valuable information about age-specific time-trends in migration of population in Serbia. Period effect should reveal are there any differences between pre-crisis (1981-1991) and post-crisis (2002-2022) period in the level of migration, cohort effect should reveal are there significant differences in international spatial mobility between generations, and, in the end, age effect should prove well known pattern of migration selectivity. Results should be applicable mostly in formulating assumptions about future migrations and theirs age-specific influence on total population of Serbia. Similar approach could be used for all lower territorial levels where data are available. Significance of knowing migration in detail is higher for demographic development in lower territorial units, so this procedure could find its application particularly in population projections of subnational level.
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Jocić, Nikola, and Aljoša Budović. "Changes in the social status of the population in the post-Yugoslav period and the impact on housing in Belgrade." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.30.
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In the post-socialist period, there were many changes in the post-Yugoslav region. The dissolution of the state and the civil war were just some of the most important events. The successor states went through the post-socialist transition at a different pace. The political and economic transition had a significant impact on the social status of the population. According to numerous international urban studies, there is a causal relationship between the social status of the population and the housing situation. Looking at the social status of the population in Belgrade, it is obvious that the social status decreases from the centre to the periphery. The housing situation in Belgrade is very heterogeneous. First, there is a historical centre filled with buildings from different eras: from the pre-World War II period, from the socialist period and from the post-socialist period. Secondly, there are socialist neighbourhoods that surround the historic core of the city. Finally, there are the neighbourhoods on the periphery, which are mostly informally built. The withdrawal of the state and the reintroduction of market mechanisms in the housing sector, drastic proportions of owner-occupied housing, the expansion of illegal construction activity, international isolation during the 1990s and the subsequent reconnection to the global economy, albeit with extremely weakened institutions, characterised post-socialist housing and urban development in Belgrade. Added to this was another wave of demographic pressure from the former Yugoslav republics and Kosovo. Through the lens of social status and housing situation, we observe the patterns of residential segregation in the post-socialist period. Due to the incomparability of statistical data from different periods, we use a combination of sources and research approaches. The first two decades of the post-socialist period were analysed at the level of census units, using data on the education of the population as a proxy for their social status.
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Thongmak, Mathupayas. "The Effects of Consumer Interests in Top Box Office Movies in Thailand: evidence from the pre-during-post-peak periods." In 2019 13th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rcis.2019.8877035.
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Miyake*, Shinji, Hiroyuki Kuraoka**, and Chikamune Wada**. "Heart Rate Variability as a Mental Workload Index." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100642.
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In this study, we investigated relationship between task characteristics such as sensory intake and cardiovascular responses. Nineteen male participants were asked to perform a mental arithmetic task (MA) and a computerized mirror tracing (MT) task for five minutes each. In the MA task, participants were instructed to respond within five seconds by pressing the left or right mouse button. Therefore, this task includes a high time pressure (temporal restriction). In the MT task, participants were required to trace a zigzag pathway displayed on a PC screen by using a mouse. The horizontal and vertical control elements of the mouse were exchanged with each other. This task contains a sensory intake characteristic which induces parasympathetic dominance resulting in bradycardia. ECG and arterial blood pressure were continuously recorded during the two task blocks and before (PRE) and after (POST) resting periods of five minutes each. Heart rate variability indexes such as low frequency (LF) component, high frequency (HF) component and LF/HF ratio were derived. In the results, heart rate (HR) was considerably larger in the MA compared to PRE. On the contrary, the HR change was small in the MT, suggesting that the physiological response in MT is a pattern 2 type which is typically induced by a sensory intake task, although no significant difference was found between the two tasks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in the MT than MA, but there was no significant difference between them. Both SBP and DBP were significantly higher in the task periods than resting periods. Significant differences were found only between PRE and MT, and PRE and POST in LF/HF which showed the highest value in POST, suggesting that the LF/HF ratio is not a reliable mental workload index.
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Spíndola, Letícia Antunes, Monique Veloso Lima, Grazielle Vasconcelos de Moura Silva, Lais Mendes Soares, Ana Beatriz dos Santos Silva, and Gisele de Jesus Batista. "The impact of the pandemic on breast cancer screening in Brazil." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1047.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the screening of breast cancer cases in Brazil. Methodology: This is an epidemiological, descriptive, quantitative, and comparative study. The Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) was used. Data from the Cancer Information System — SISCAN (cervix and breast) were selected, in which the selected option was “mammography — by patients.” The geographic coverage selected was “Brazil by region, state, and municipality.” The periods analyzed were from 2018 to 2022. Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Brazil, the years 2018 and 2019 were analyzed as pre-pandemic, 2020 and 2021 as pandemic intervals, and 2022 as post-pandemic in order to compare the respective periods. Results: In 2018, 2,751,104 screening mammography exams were performed, of which 24,374 were BI-RADS 4, 5, or 6. In 2019, of the 3,303,248 exams, 29,645 were of the same classification; in 2020 (1,825,626), 21,464; in 2021 (2,623,895), 28,733; and in 2022 (3,222,436), 35,149. It is noted that there was a decrease in the number of mammograms during the pandemic period, but with an increase in the number of BI-RADS of suspicious lesions, indicating prioritization of patients with risk factors. In the year 2022, there were a greater number of exams and suspicious injury reports compared with the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Conclusion: There was a reduction in the number of mammography exams during the pandemic, contributing to time-consuming diagnoses and an increase in cases of advanced tumors in the immediate post-pandemic period. Thus, the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on public health in Brazil is notorious.
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M, Gonzalez Arias, Buero MM, Salem Z, Yang SL, and Valori AV. "Reducing neonatal mortality in Abs General Hospital, Yemen." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/2fbez60o.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Since 2015, MSF OCBA has supported Abs General Hospital (AGH) with an 88-bed capacity neonatal ward. In the recent years, annual admissions in the service escalated to an average of 3000 but with persistently high inpatient neonatal mortality rates, usually above 20%. Main causes of mortality in 2022 were prematurity (45%), perinatal asphyxia (21%) and sepsis (20%). To tackle this problem we performed an initial mortality analysis and used it to develop a workplan, which was then implemented during March – April 2023. The plan focused on improving compliance with zero-separation practices and adherence to neonatal care protocols and on reducing nosocomial infection. Specific activities, among many, included ensuring enough space for mothers to stay with their newborns in the ward and implementing a breastfeeding group with weekly meetings. Here we present our assessment of whether and how these measures may have affected neonatal mortality. METHODS Inpatient mortality rates of pre- and post-implementation period were compared from aggregated monthly data in MSF ́s Health Management Information System (HMIS). We conducted analysis stratified by year and by predefined periods – pre-implementation periods: January to August 22 and September 22 to February 23 (reference period) and post- implementation period: May to December 23. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were calculated using negative binomial regression adjusted for month of admission. RESULTS 1050 neonatal deaths and 5733 exits were included in the analysis period. Our data showed a 24% decrease in overall neonatal mortality (MRR = 0.76, 95%CI 0.60-0.95, p=0.02) during the post-implementation period compared to the reference period, with the reduction affecting all three main causes of mortality equally (prematurity accounted for 46% of all deaths post-implementation, sepsis 21%, and perinatal asphyxia 20%). A significant decrease in mortality (26%) was seen in 2023 when compared to 2022 (MRR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.65-0.85, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal mortality is usually an important challenge in MSF settings. Here we describe some low-cost strategies that have likely contributed to reducing inpatient mortality. A comprehensive approach to neonatal care with involvement of locally-hired staff seems essential for good outcomes and continuity. This experience provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals working in similar settings.
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Bal, Hakan. "Determinants of Stock Market Development in Eurasian Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02570.
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Stock market capitalization has been regarded as an important component of financial development of countries, as an instrument of economic growth. This study examines the effect of private credit, real income, inflation, foreign direct investment, financial openness, stock market liquidity, liquid liabilities, and domestic savings on stock market capitalization for 55 Eurasian countries between 1975 and 2017. I find that real income, stock market liquidity, foreign direct investment and financial openness have a positive effect, while inflation has a negative effect on stock market capitalization to GDP ratio. Other variables are found to be insignificant. I also examine pre-1990 and post-1990 periods due to political and structural changes in the region, however the results are robust to both periods.
Reports on the topic "Pre and Post-liberalisation Periods"
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Farahbod, A. M., H. Kao, and D. Snyder. An earthquake catalogue for seismic events in the Norman Wells region of the central Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, using waveform data from local seismic stations. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328953.
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The development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Norman Wells region of the Central Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, has been explored by the energy industry. In early 2014, Conoco-Philips Canada conducted two multi-stage test operations of hydraulic fracturing (HF) in the region. In this study, we combine seismic data from the Canadian National Seismograph Network, four new stations established by the Northwest Territories Geoscience Office in collaboration with Natural Resources Canada in the Norman Wells region, and a local dense array installed by Conoco-Philips Canada to study the seismicity distribution during the pre-HF, HF and post-HF periods. We have identified and located 130 earthquakes within 100 km of the geographic centre of the local seismic network near Norman Wells for the pre-HF period (11 September 2013 - 7 February 2014). In comparison, 231 events are located during the HF period (8 February 2014 - 10 March 2014), and for the two post-HF periods, 11 March 2014 - 31 July 2014 and 27 February 2015 - 31 December 2015, we have catalogued 255 and 138 events, respectively. Source parameters and detailed phase pickings of each earthquake are given in the Appendices.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.
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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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Corum, Zachary, Ethan Cheng, Stanford Gibson, and Travis Dahl. Optimization of reach-scale gravel nourishment on the Green River below Howard Hanson Dam, King County, Washington. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43887.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, nourishes gravel downstream of Howard Hanson Dam (HHD) on the Green River in Washington State. The study team developed numerical models to support the ongoing salmonid habitat improvement mission downstream of HHD. Recent advancements in computing and numerical modeling software make long-term simulations in steep, gravel, cobble, and boulder river environments cost effective. The team calibrated mobile-bed, sediment-transport models for the pre-dam and post-dam periods. The modeling explored geomorphic responses to flow and sediment regime changes associated with HHD construction and operation. The team found that pre-dam conditions were significantly more dynamic than post-dam conditions and may have had lower spawning habitat quality in the project vicinity. The team applied the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model to the site and then calibrated to the post-dam gravel augmentation period. The team implemented a new hiding routine in HEC-RAS that improved the simulated grain size trends but underestimated coarse sediment transport. Models without the hiding function overestimated grain size but matched bed elevations and mass flux very well. Decade-long simulations of four future gravel nourishment conditions showed continued sediment storage in the reach. The storage rate was sensitive to nourishment mass and grain size.
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Valencia-Amaya, Mauricio G., and Dolores de la Mata. The Health Impacts of Severe Climate Shocks in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011649.
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This paper studies the link between severe weather shocks in Colombia and municipality-level incidence of dengue and malaria. The unexpectedly high variability of the 2010 rainfalls relative to previous periods and their regional heterogeneity are exploited as an identification strategy. A differences-indifferences DD) strategy is thereby implemented where the period 2007-2009 is defined as the pre-treatment period and 2010-2011 as the post-treatment period. The treatment group is all municipalities that experienced higher intra-year rain variability in 2010 than in 2007-2009. The results from the different specifications confirm that the relationship between climate events and vector-borne diseases is intricate. The 2010 weather shocks are associated with not only an increase in the number of dengue cases, in the case of high variability (but not extreme) yearly rain, but also a decrease in its incidence, in particular in the presence of extreme rain events. Floods seem to have decreased the number of dengue cases.
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni, and Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.
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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.
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Solomin, Eugen. SOVIET-RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA AS A WAY TO PROMOTE NARRATIVES AND INTERFERE IN THE INFORMATION SPACE: REGIONAL ASPECT. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12152.
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The article updates the activities of regional broadcasters in the information space of the Luhansk region, where numerous enemy information attacks preceded the invasion of the Russian occupation forces. Main objective of the study - mass media activities of the Luhansk region’s television companies in the pre-war and post-war periods and the specifics of the integration of the (pro) Russian agenda into the region’s information space. The study was done out using a descriptive, classification, comparative-historical method, which made it possible to consider the regional telespace in the context of historical transformations and highlight stages in development, identify system-forming factors, which made it possible to move from the consideration of certain elements to the analysis of the system. Conclusions. The mass communication activities of the Luhansk region’s television companies in different historical periods have shown their ability to maintain the regional media field, the diversity and variety of content. However, the media sphere was not devoid of Soviet party ideology (1958-1991), with its subsequent post-Soviet modification and political layering (1991-2004) of anti-Ukrainian forces; with the saturation (2004-2014) of the information space with non-Ukrainian information flows and the promotion of symbols, worldview and philosophical concepts of the updated Soviet ideology – the «Russkiy mir» and its further functioning (2014-2022) in the conditions of real military operations in the East of Ukraine. Significance. During the ongoing war, Ukraine’s experience can be used in research on Russian information interference, inciting enmity, hatred between peoples, promoting narratives in the Ukrainian and international information space, verifying the criteria for distinguishing between information destructive to democracy and a valid expression of freedom of speech, and creating an international platform for exchange information about threats, misinformation, narratives and their rapid leveling. Keywords: regional television, information war, media space, content, information flows, hybrid war.
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Gómez Loscos, Ana, Miguel Ángel González Simón, and Matías José Pacce. Short-term real-time forecasting model for spanish GDP (Spain-STING): new specification and reassessment of its predictive power. Madrid: Banco de España, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/36137.
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The predictive power of short-term forecasting models was impaired by the increased volatility observed in most economic indicators following the outbreak of COVID-19. This paper sets out a revision of the Spain-STING model (one of the tools used by the Banco de España for short-term forecasts of quarter-on-quarter GDP growth) with a view to improving its predictive power in the wake of the pandemic. In particular, the revision entails three main changes: (i) the correlation between the indicators included in the model and the estimated common component is now coincident for all of the indicators, rather than leading in the case of some of them; (ii) by using a stochastic process to model the variance in the estimated common component, such variance may now vary over time; (iii) the set of indicators has been revised in order to include only those that provide the most relevant information when it comes to predicting post-pandemic GDP growth. These modifications yield a substantial improvement in the predictive power of Spain-STING in the post-pandemic period, and maintain such predictive power for the pre-pandemic period.
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Meidan, Rina, and Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal on subsequent CL function, the results obtained support the concept that granulosa cells make a substaintial contribution to the output of progesterone by the cyclic CL but may have a limited role in determining the functional lifespan of the CL. This experimental model was also used to better understand the contribution of follicular granulosa cells to subsequent luteal SCC mRNA expression. The mitochondrial cytochrome side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the steroidogenic pathway. Experiments were conducted to characterize the gene expression of P450scc in bovine CL. Levels of P450scc mRNA were higher during mid-luteal phase than in either the early or late luteal phases. PGF 2a injection decreased luteal P450scc mRNA in a time-dependent manner; levels were significantly reduced by 2h after treatment. CLs obtained from heifers on day 8 of the estrous cycle which had granulosa cells removed had a 45% reduction in the levels of mRNA for SCC enzymes as well as a 78% reduction in the numbers of LL cells. To characterize SCC expression in each steroidogenic cell type we utilized pure cell populations. Upon luteinization, LL expressed 2-3 fold higher amounts of both SCC enzymes mRNAs than SL. Moreover, eight days after stimulant removal, LL retained their P4 production capacity, expressed P450scc mRNA and contained this protein. In our attempts to establish the in vitro luteinization model, we had to select the prevulatory and pre-gonadotropin surge follicles. The ratio of estradiol:P4 which is often used was unreliable since P4 levels are high in atretic follicles and also in preovulatory post-gonadotropin follicles. We have therefore examined whether oxytocin (OT) levels in follicular fluids could enhance our ability to correctly and easily define follicular status. Based on E2 and OT concentrations in follicular fluids we could more accurately identify follicles that are preovulatory and post gonadotropin surge. Next we studied OT biosynthesis in granulosa cells, cells which were incubated with forskolin contained stores of the precursor indicating that forskolin (which mimics gonadotropin action) is an effective stimulator of OT biosynthesis and release. While studying in vitro luteinization, we noticed that IGF-I induced effects were not identical to those induced by insulin despite the fact that megadoses of insulin were used. This was the first indication that the cells may secrete IGF binding protein(s) which regonize IGFs and not insulin. In a detailed study involving several techniques, we characterized the species of IGF binding proteins secreted by luteal cells. The effects of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid on the production of P4 and prostanoids by dispersed bovine luteal cells was examined. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in basal and LH-stimulated biosynthesis of P4 and PGI2 and an increase in production of PGF 2a and 5-HETE production. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism via the production of 5-HETE was unaffected. Results of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the biosynthesis of luteal P4 is due to either a direct action of arachidonic acid, or its conversion to 5-HETE via the lipoxgenase pathway of metabolism. The detailed and important information gained by the two labs elucidated the mode of action of factors crucially important to the function of the bovine CL. The data indicate that follicular granulosa cells make a major contribution to numbers of large luteal cells, OT and basal P4 production, as well as the content of cytochrome P450 scc. Granulosa-derived large luteal cells have distinct features: when luteinized, the cell no longer possesses LH receptors, its cAMP response is diminished yet P4 synthesis is sustained. This may imply that maintenance of P4 (even in the absence of a Luteotropic signal) during critical periods such as pregnancy recognition, is dependent on the proper luteinization and function of the large luteal cell.
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Uni, Zehava, and Peter Ferket. Enhancement of development of broilers and poults by in ovo feeding. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695878.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The specific objectives of this research were the study of the physical and nutritional properties of the In Ovo Feeding (IOF) solution (i.e. theosmostic properties and the carbohydrate: protein ratio composition). Then, using the optimal solution for determining its effect on hatchability, early nutritional status and intestinal development of broilers and turkey during the last quarter of incubation through to 7 days post-hatch (i.e. pre-post hatch period) by using molecular, biochemical and histological tools. The objective for the last research phase was the determination of the effect of in ovo feeding on growth performance and economically valuable production traits of broiler and turkey flocks reared under practical commercial conditions. The few days before- and- after hatch is a critical period for the development and survival of commercial broilers and turkeys. During this period chicks make the metabolic and physiological transition from egg nutriture (i.e. yolk) to exogenous feed. Late-term embryos and hatchlings may suffer a low glycogen status, especially when oxygen availability to the embryo is limited by low egg conductance or poor incubator ventilation. Much of the glycogen reserve in the late-term chicken embryo is utilized for hatching. Subsequently, the chick must rebuild that glycogen reserve by gluconeogenesis from body protein (mostly from the breast muscle) to support post-hatch thermoregulation and survival until the chicks are able to consume and utilize dietary nutrients. Immediately post-hatch, the chick draws from its limited body reserves and undergoes rapid physical and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in order to digest feed and assimilate nutrients. Because the intestine is the nutrient primary supply organ, the sooner it achieves this functional capacity, the sooner the young bird can utilize dietary nutrients and efficiently grow at its genetic potential and resist infectious and metabolic disease. Feeding the embryo when they consume the amniotic fluid (IOF idea and method) showed accelerated enteric development and elevated capacity to digest nutrients. By injecting a feeding solution into the embryonic amnion, the embryo naturally consume supplemental nutrients orally before hatching. This stimulates intestinal development to start earlier as was exhibited by elevated gene expression of several functional genes (brush border enzymes an transporters , elvated surface area, elevated mucin production . Moreover, supplying supplemental nutrients at a critical developmental stage by this in ovo feeding technology improves the hatchling’s nutritional status. In comparison to controls, administration of 1 ml of in ovo feeding solution, containing dextrin, maltose, sucrose and amino acids, into the amnion of the broiler embryo increased dramatically total liver glycogen in broilers and in turkeys in the pre-hatch period. In addition, an elevated relative breast muscle size (% of broiler BW) was observed in IOF chicks to be 6.5% greater at hatch and 7 days post-hatch in comparison to controls. Experiment have shown that IOF broilers and turkeys increased hatchling weights by 3% to 7% (P<0.05) over non injected controls. These responses depend upon the strain, the breeder hen age and in ovo feed composition. The weight advantage observed during the first week after hatch was found to be sustained at least through 35 days of age. Currently, research is done in order to adopt the knowledge for commercial practice.
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Dubois, Diego, Amirali Eskandariyun, Suprabha Das, Andriy Durygin, and Zhe Cheng. Flash Sintering of Commercial Zirconium Nitride Powders. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009777.
Full textAbstract:
Flash sintering is an electrical field-assisted densification technique that requires passing a current through a ceramic powder compact. Pressure-assisted flash sintering of commercially available Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) powders has been demonstrated. Near fully dense samples can be obtained within a short period of time. The influences of parameters such as electrical field strength, voltage ramping rate, current limit, external pressure, pre-heating, and holding time on the onset of the flash event were investigated. Some post-flash sintered samples were subjected to the same condition to observe if the material would experience repeated flash. In addition, material properties such as density and hardness were measured and correlated with SEM and XRD. Implications of the observations on underlying flash sintering mechanism will also be discussed.