Journal articles: 'Pre-analysis plan'

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Maiza, Masfa. "An Analysis of Pre-Service Teachersâ€™ Lesson Plan." Biormatika : Jurnal ilmiah fakultas keguruan dan ilmu pendidikan 5, no. 02 (September 30, 2019): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35569/biormatika.v5i02.518.

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Lesson plan is one of the pivotal parts in learning process since it provides the instructions in the classroom. This study deals with the investigation of the aspects of pre-service teachersâ€™ lesson plans based on 2013 Curriculum. It used descriptive qualitative research. As many as ten lesson plans by five pre-service teachers were analysed using document analysis based on theory of Brown (2001) namely goals, objectives, materials and equipment, procedures and evaluation to collect data. The result shows that they are good in creating goals, material and equipment and procedure, but they should improve their ability in creating objectives and evaluation. In short, they are able to design English lesson plans based on its characteristics of 2013 curriculum

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Olken, Benjamin A. "Promises and Perils of Pre-Analysis Plans." Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.61.

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The purpose of this paper is to help think through the advantages and costs of rigorous pre-specification of statistical analysis plans in economics. A pre-analysis plan pre-specifies in a precise way the analysis to be run before examining the data. A researcher can specify variables, data cleaning procedures, regression specifications, and so on. If the regressions are pre-specified in advance and researchers are required to report all the results they pre-specify, data-mining problems are greatly reduced. I begin by laying out the basics of what a statistical analysis plan actually contains so those researchers unfamiliar with it can better understand how it is done. In so doing, I have drawn both on standards used in clinical trials, which are clearly specified by the Food and Drug Administration, as well as my own practical experience from writing these plans in economics contexts. I then lay out some of the advantages of pre-specified analysis plans, both for the scientific community as a whole and also for the researcher. I also explore some of the limitations and costs of such plans. I then review a few pieces of evidence that suggest that, in many contexts, the benefits of using pre-specified analysis plans may not be as high as one might have expected initially. For the most part, I will focus on the relatively narrow issue of pre-analysis for randomized controlled trials.

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Elismawati, Elismawati, Saunir Saun, Arwemi Arwemi, Hadeli Hadeli, and Hidayat Alazmi. "Analysis of the ELT Pre-Services Teacher Lesson Plan: A Case on the Vocabulary Discussion." Al-Ta lim Journal 29, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v29i1.750.

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As the lesson plan is considered of main requirements for both teacher and practiced teacher and vocabulary discussion is essential to include. This research is aimed to identify the vocabulary discussion used by teacher in the Lesson Plan. Using 22 peaces ELT ELT lesson plan, the research was done by implementing documentation study. Regarding the distinction indicators of both KTSP and K13 curriculum, it was found that the lesson have some limitation in using the vocabulary discussion in which there are only 9.09% of the lesson plan that included the vocabulary discussion as a step in the teaching of reading for comprehension before doing reading activity, and 4.55% offers it after the students read the text. Most of the documents do not include the steps of vocabulary discussion in the teaching of reading for comprehension. Finally, 19 or 86.36% that did not offer the vocabulary discussion.

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Pascoe, Elaine Mary, Serigne Lo, Anish Scaria, Sunil V. Badve, Elaine Mary Beller, Alan Cass, Carmel Mary Hawley, and David W. Johnson. "The Honeypot Randomized Controlled Trial Statistical Analysis Plan." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 33, no. 4 (July 2013): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2012.00310.

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BackgroundThe HONEYPOT study is a multicenter, open-label, blinded-outcome, randomized controlled trial designed to determine whether, compared with standard topical application of mupirocin for nasal staphylococcal carriage, exit-site application of antibacterial honey reduces the rate of catheter-associated infections in peritoneal dialysis patients.ObjectiveTo make public the pre-specified statistical analysis principles to be adhered to and the procedures to be performed by statisticians who will analyze the data for the HONEYPOT trial.MethodsStatisticians and clinical investigators who were blinded to treatment allocation and treatment-related study results and who will remain blinded until the central database is locked for final data extraction and analysis determined the statistical methods and procedures to be used for analysis and wrote the statistical analysis plan. The plan describes basic analysis principles, methods for dealing with a range of commonly encountered data analysis issues, and the specific statistical procedures for analyzing the primary, secondary, and safety outcomes.ResultsA statistical analysis plan containing the pre-specified principles, methods, and procedures to be adhered to in the analysis of the data from the HONEYPOT trial was developed in accordance with international guidelines. The structure and content of the plan provide sufficient detail to meet the guidelines on statistical principles for clinical trials produced by the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.ConclusionsMaking public the pre-specified statistical analysis plan for the HONEYPOT trial minimizes the potential for bias in the analysis of trial data and the interpretation and reporting of trial results.

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Cornell, M., G. A. White, R. O'Neal, P. Hua, J. Uhl, P. Hartman, A. Billoo, R. McCall, and B. Zegers. "Pre-Clinical Validation and Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Automated Plan Documentation Process." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 108, no. 3 (November 2020): e206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1451.

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Burlig, Fiona. "Improving transparency in observational social science research: A pre-analysis plan approach." Economics Letters 168 (July 2018): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.03.036.

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Botes, Wiets, and Emma Barnett. "The Analysis of Natural Science Lesson-Plans Integrating the Principles of Transformative Pedagogy." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 21, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.10.13.

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This paper investigated how graduating Natural Science pre-service teachers were able to integrate the principles of Transformative Pedagogy in their lesson-plan designs. The study draws on the theoretical tenets of Transformative Pedagogy, a form of pedagogy that combines social constructivism and critical theory, in order to teach for equity and equality. The study was qualitative in nature; it and made use of a documentary analytical method to respond to the primary research question: how do graduating Natural Science pre-service teachers integrate the principles of Transformative Pedagogy in their lesson-plan designs? To respond to this primary research question, descriptive text that derived from the purposely selected sample of lesson-plan designs of the pre-service teachers was analysed. An analysis of the three-lesson plan designs revealed that the principles of Transformative Pedagogy, namely the “prompting of learners’ critical consciousness about social issues”, “the existence of open-dialogue amongst learners” and “learners’ engagement in educational collaborative practices” were thoughtfully considered and integrated within the lesson-plan designs. Based on the findings, this study holds a series of implications for future research in the scholarship of pre-service teacher development, especially in the field of science education. Given the ideals of Transformative Pedagogy, future research could focus on the capability of pre-service teachers to infuse the principles of Transformative Pedagogy in other science-related school subjects, such as Physical science and Chemistry teaching. Future research could also perhaps explore how pre-service teachers experience the integration of Transformative Pedagogy in their lessons.

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Gibbons, Kristen S., Luregn J. Schlapbach, Kerry Johnson, Stephen B. Horton, Debbie A. Long, John Beca, Simon Erickson, et al. "Statistical analysis plan for the NITric oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass to improve Recovery in Infants with Congenital heart defects (NITRIC) trial." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.1.oa4.

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Abstract Background: The NITric oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to improve Recovery in Infants with Congenital heart defects (NITRIC) trial, a 1320-patient, multicentre, randomised controlled trial, is aiming to improve survival free of ventilation after CPB by using nitric oxide delivered into the oxygenator of the CPB. Objective: To provide a statistical analysis plan before completion of patient recruitment and data monitoring. Final analyses for this study will adhere to this statistical analysis plan, which details all key pre-planned analyses. Stata scripts for analyses have been prepared alongside this statistical analysis plan. Methods: The statistical analysis plan was designed collaboratively by the chief investigators and trial statistician and builds on the previously published study protocol. All authors remain blinded to treatment allocation. Detail is provided on statistical analyses including cohort description, analysis of primary and secondary outcomes and adverse events. Statistical methods to compare outcomes are planned in detail to ensure methods are verifiable and reproducible. Results: The statistical analysis plan developed provides the trial outline, list of mock tables, and analysis scripts. The plan describes statistical analyses on cohort and baseline description, primary and secondary outcome analyses, process of care measures, physiological descriptors, and safety and adverse event reporting. We define the pre-specified subgroup analyses and the respective statistical tests used to compare subgroups. Conclusion: The statistical analysis plan for the NITRIC trial establishes detailed pre-planned analyses alongside Stata scripts to analyse the largest trial in the field of neonatal and paediatric heart surgery. The plan ensures standards for trial analysis validity aiming to minimise bias of analyses. Trial registration: ACTRN12617000821392

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Coffman, Lucas C., and Muriel Niederle. "Pre-Analysis Plans Have Limited Upside, Especially Where Replications Are Feasible." Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.81.

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The social sciences—including economics—have long called for transparency in research to counter threats to producing robust and replicable results. In this paper, we discuss the pros and cons of three of the more prominent proposed approaches: pre-analysis plans, hypothesis registries, and replications. They have been primarily discussed for experimental research, both in the field including randomized control trials and the laboratory, so we focus on these areas. A pre-analysis plan is a credibly fixed plan of how a researcher will collect and analyze data, which is submitted before a project begins. Though pre-analysis plans have been lauded in the popular press and across the social sciences, we will argue that enthusiasm for pre-analysis plans should be tempered for several reasons. Hypothesis registries are a database of all projects attempted; the goal of this promising mechanism is to alleviate the “file drawer problem,” which is that statistically significant results are more likely to be published, while other results are consigned to the researcher's “file drawer.” Finally, we evaluate the efficacy of replications. We argue that even with modest amounts of researcher bias—either replication attempts bent on proving or disproving the published work—or modest amounts of poor replication attempts—designs that are underpowered or orthogonal to the hypothesis—replications correct even the most inaccurate beliefs within three to five replications. We offer practical proposals for how to increase the incentives for researchers to carry out replications.

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Kwon, Min-Soo, Hyunwoo Lee, Bo-Yeon Hwang, and Jung-Woo Lee. "Easy, Fast, and Accurate Method of 3-Dimensional Mirror Plane Creation for Actual Clinical Users." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 6141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176141.

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The first thing to do before planning the surgical treatment of unilateral defects or the asymmetry of the facial area is probably establishing adequate mid-plane for comparison and analysis of the normal and affected side. In such cases, a mirror image can be useful to obtain customized and optimized mid-plane for specific individuals considering the degree of the defect and asymmetry. With the concept of the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, the surface-based registration of the initial structure and mirrored structure allow us to generate a mirror plane that bisects the mid planes of each structure. This mirror plane would improve the quality of pre-operative evaluation and provide an appropriate start point for the treatment plan with as few errors as possible. Hence, the aim of this article is to introduce a method to create a mirror plane that can be assisting in increasing the accuracy of evaluation and analysis so a precise treatment plan would follow consequently.

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Kang, Zhi Qiang, Ying Chun Wang, Feng Nan, Shi Lin Yuan, and Jiu Lin Yang. "Research on Numerical Analysis of Landslide Cataclysm Mechanism Coal Mine." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7697.

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This article according to the ShengLi Open-pit Coal Mine landslide and the slope project special details, used the FLAC numerical calculus analysis software to conduct the research to the landslide cataclysm mechanism, has carried on the optimized analysis to the reinforcement plan.Has obtained the pre-stressed anchor rope frame beam + high pressure splitting grouting reinforcement plan government landslide most superior processing plan through the numerical calculus, thus active control ShengLi Open-pit Coal Mine slope distortion destruction.

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Garces, Natalie, Daisuke Goto, Carol J. Farhangfar, and Tara Eaton. "Survivorship care plan visits: Mixed methods analysis of patient surveys." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.174.

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174 Background: Survivorship Care Plans (SCPs) are endorsed by cancer advocacy groups and required for accreditation, yet benefits are unclear. The purpose of this quality initiative was to assess the benefit of SCPs. Methods: From June 2015 to September 2017, survivors who had a SCP visit were surveyed to report their understanding of key survivorship topics pre/post visit; the most valuable information learned and plans to use the information. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were performed. Subgroup analysis was performed for age, insurance, marital status, and race. Wilcoxon signed-rank test computed statistical significance. Results: Of 794 surveys, 657 (83%) were complete and evaluable. Surveys were collected from breast (436 [66%]), lung (45 [7%]), colorectal (33 [5%]), head and neck (25 [4%]), melanoma (24 [4%]), endometrial and ovarian (20 each [3%]), and other (54 (8%) cancer survivors. Statistically significant ( p<0.05) improvements in all questions (Table 1) were noted across nearly all disease sites. Exceptions were endometrial, head and neck, and melanoma, which already had > 75% answering “completely understand” for selected questions pre- SCP visit. Subgroup analysis found no significant differences. Self-management was a theme in the “other” insurance status subgroup (14) qualitative analysis. Four (36%) indicated an interest in information about programs to improve healthy behaviors. Conclusions: There was major positive impact of the SCP visit on patient-reported understanding of all survivorship topics. Providers may benefit from focusing SCP discussion on areas the survivor reports as “some” or “no” understanding pre- SCP visit. Providers should connect survivors to resources to support self-identified needs. [Table: see text]

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Chen, Cai Yuan, and Qi Fei Zhou. "The Inner Force Analysis of a Long Span Pre-Stressed Multi-Story Building Based on Special Construction Process Requirement." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.823.

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This study case comes from a large-scale comprehensive gymnasium that is under construction. It is a frame structure, and the total height is 23.5m, and the main beam in 2nd and 4th floor are post-tensioned bonded pre-stressed concrete structure with a longs span to 27m. As the thickness and the ration of steel bars of the bottom slab could not bear the load caused by construction and besides, before the terminal tension, the bracing to support the template could not be demolished to turnover; so, the plan that needs to tense from the upper floor to lower floor recurrently has not been adopted. Another construction process that proposes to tense the beams in one floor as soon as they are casted .However, Due to construction time limit and cost, this plan was not carried out. At last, we combining the two plans. In our plan, pre-stress tension and building construction were carried out simultaneously. According to accurate analysis of construction propose and flow, with careful check on main components, security, economics and building functions are uniformed together optimally.

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Keele, Luke, and Dylan S. Small. "Pre-analysis Plan for a Comparison of Matching and Black Box-based Covariate Adjustment." Observational Studies 4, no. 1 (2018): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/obs.2018.0017.

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Xu, Rui, Chao Chen, Siyao Lu, and Zhaoyu Li. "Autonomous Recovery from Spacecraft Plan Failures by Regulatory Repair While Retaining Operability." Aerospace 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010040.

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Pre-designed spacecraft plans suffer from failure due to the uncertain space environment. In this case, instead of spending a long time waiting for ground control to upload a feasible plan in order to achieve the mission goals, the spacecraft could repair the failed plan while executing another part of the plan. This paper proposes a method called Isolation and Repair Plan Failures (IRPF) for a spaceship with durable, concurrent, and resource-dependent actions. To enable the spacecraft to perform some actions when a plan fails, IRPF separates all defective actions from executable actions in the pre-designed plan according to causal analysis between the failure state and the established plan. Then, to address the competition between operation and repair during the partial execution of the plan, IRPF sets up several regulatory factors associated with the search process for a solution, and then repairs the broken plan within the limits of these factors. Experiments were carried out in simulations of a satellite and a multi-rover system. The results demonstrate that, compared with replanning and other plan-repair methods, IRPF creates an execution plan more quickly and searches for a recovery plan with fewer explored state nodes in a shorter period of time.

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Poole, Alexis P., Mark E. Finnis, James Anstey, Rinaldo Bellomo, Shailesh Bihari, Vishwanath Biradar, Sarah Doherty, et al. "Study protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Liberal Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients with Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes (LUCID) trial." Critical Care and Resuscitation 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2020.2.oa3.

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BACKGROUND: Contemporary glucose management of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with type 2 diabetes is based on trial data derived predominantly from patients without type 2 diabetes. This is despite the recognition that patients with type 2 diabetes may be relatively more tolerant of hyperglycaemia and more susceptible to hypoglycaemia. It is uncertain whether glucose targets should be more liberal in patients with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To detail the protocol, analysis and reporting plans for a randomised clinical trial — the Liberal Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients with Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes (LUCID) trial — which will evaluate the risks and benefits of targeting a higher blood glucose range in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: A multicentre, parallel group, open label phase 2B randomised controlled clinical trial of 450 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to liberal blood glucose (target 10.0–14.0 mmol/L) or usual care (target 6.0–10.0 mmol/L). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint is incident hypoglycaemia (< 4.0 mmol/L) during the study intervention. Secondary endpoints include biochemical and feasibility outcomes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The study protocol and statistical analysis plan described will delineate conduct and analysis of the trial, such that analytical and reporting bias are minimised. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial has been registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN No. 12616001135404) and has been endorsed by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group.

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Rahmawati, Euis, Hilmansyah Saefullah, and Sumarta Sumarta. "The Pre-service EFL Teachers’ Voices on Designing and Implementing Lesson Plan for Online Learning." Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v5i2.1775.

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Designing and implementing a lesson plan is a complex process, so that according to several studies, the pre-service EFL teachers still had difficulties during designing and implementing a lesson plan. As novice designers, pre-service EFL teachers still lack of knowledge and expertise. Therefore, this study aims to find out the voices of the pre-service EFL teachers about their own experiences in designing and implementing their lesson plans. Five pre-service EFL teachers who had experienced to design and implement a lesson plan in the teaching practicum program during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak at Senior High Schools in Karawang were recruited as the research participants. This study uses a qualitative approach and uses collective case studies research design. Online written interviews and virtual observation were conducted to collect data as information to answer the research question, and the interview data were then analyzed using thematic analysis. This research found out that designing and implementing lesson plans practiced by the pre-service EFL teachers during the teaching programs were perceived as decision-making process, non-negotiable process, and challenging process.

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Abdullah, SN, A. Aznah, Mohd Hakim, MF Md Din, M. Ponraj, and S. Mat-Taib. "Determination of Critical Environmental, Social, Infrastructure, and Economic Indicators as Evaluation Checklist for Pre-Project Abandonment Plan Assessment in-line with Sustainable Development Goal Plan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1091, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012044.

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The increasing number of project abandonment because of the Novel Coronavirus pandemic 2019 (Covid-19) calls for better management of abandonment projects. The outbreak of Covid-19 has affected the environment, economy, and society aspects globally. In a developed country like Malaysia, the requirement to submit an abandonment plan is stipulated under the Environmental Guidelines in Malaysia (EGIM) 2016. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Sustainable Pre-Project Abandonment Plan Assessment Checklist in Malaysia that is in line with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030 aspirations. This new Sustainable Pre-Project Abandonment Plan Assessment Checklist in Malaysia is comprehensively structured; is expected to minimise the negative impact of the abandonment process towards the environment, socio-economy, and efficient management of infrastructure; and complies with the related legislation in Malaysia. In this study, data was collected and analysed using NVivo12. It consisted of findings from documents reviewed such as legislations, journals, and books. From the NVivo12 analysis, the results showed 28 critical indicators for abandonment plan assessment and related legislation that synchronises with SDG 2030 is required to develop the Proposed Sustainable Pre-Project Abandonment Plan Assessment Checklist in Malaysia.

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Haryanto, Z., N. F. Sulaeman, A. Nuryadin, P. D. A. Putra, S. A. Putri, and A. Z. Rahmawati. "Learning how to plan a science lesson: An exploration of pre-service science teacher reflection in online microteaching." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2104, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2104/1/012017.

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Abstract As a compulsory approach in shaping pre-service teachers for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), microteaching is either essential and challenging. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift from offline to the online microteaching course had occurred. This major shift drives the change of planning science lessons. Our research examined how pre-service science teachers designed and reflected their planning on a 30-minute microteaching unit. The participants of our study were four groups of pre-service science teachers that consisted of five students. The participants were pre-service science teachers from two national universities in Indonesia that were chosen by purposive sampling. The data was collected through the lesson plan, self-reflection to the lesson plan, and group discussion. We conducted both qualitative and quantitative analysis on research data for content analysis. The qualitative analysis dealt with the themes and patterns of the theme, while quantitative analysis dealt with the duration and frequency of the theme. Based on the analysis, the single domains such as CK, PK, TK were shown in the lesson plan. However, the complex domain of TPACK was rarely seen. The group discussions revealed that teacher educators need to become specific and explicit about which technology is being infused to support learning. It is significant to enhance the TPACK during planning in online microteaching classes and conduct further study of the implementation of this planning in the lesson.

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Song, Danny Y., Klaus Herfarth, Matthias Uhl, Michael J. Eble, Michael Pinkawa, Baukelien Van Triest, Robin Kalisvaart, et al. "A multi-institutional clinical trial of rectal dose reduction via injected polyethylene-glycol hydrogel during IMRT for prostate cancer: Analysis of dosimetric outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2013): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.35.

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35 Background: To characterize the effect of a prostate-rectum spacer on dose to rectum during external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer, and to assess for factors correlated with rectal dose reduction. Methods: Fifty-two patients at 4 institutions were enrolled onto a prospective pilot clinical trial. Patients underwent baseline scans, then were injected with perirectal spacing hydrogel and re-scanned. IMRT plans were created on both scans for comparison. Objectives were to establish rates of creation of ≥7.5mm of prostate-rectal separation, and decrease in rectal V70 of ≥25%. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations between pre- vs. post-injection changes in rectal V70 and changes in plan conformity, rectal volume, bladder volume, bladder V70, PTV volume, as well as post-injection mid-gland separation, gel volume, gel thickness, length of PTV/gel contact, or gel left-to-right symmetry. Results: Hydrogel resulted in > 7.5mm prostate-rectal separation in 95.8% of patients; 95.7% had decreased rectal V70 of > 25%, with mean reduction of 8.0 Gy. There were no significant differences in pre- and post-injection prostate, PTV, rectal, and bladder volumes. Plan conformities were significantly different pre- vs. post-injection (P = 0.02). In multiple regression analysis, change in plan conformity was negatively associated with reduction in V70 (P=0.01); plans with worse conformity indexes post-injection compared to pre-injection (n=13) still had improvements in rectal V70. Reductions in V70 did not significantly vary by institution, despite significant inter-institutional variations in plan conformity. There were no significant relationships between reduction in V70 and the other characteristics analyzed. Conclusions: Injection of hydrogel into prostate-rectal interface resulted in dose reductions to rectum for > 90% of patients treated. Rectal sparing was statistically significant across a range of 10-75 Gy, and was demonstrated within the presence of significant inter-institutional variability in plan conformity, target definitions, and injection results.

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Godecke, Erin, Tapan Rai, Dominique A. Cadilhac, Elizabeth Armstrong, Sandy Middleton, Natalie Ciccone, Anne Whitworth, et al. "Statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the Very Early Rehabilitation in Speech (VERSE) after stroke trial: an international 3-arm clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of early, intensive, prescribed, direct aphasia therapy." International Journal of Stroke 13, no. 8 (October 2018): 863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493018790055.

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Background Limited evidence exists to support very early intensive aphasia rehabilitation after stroke. VERSE is a PROBE trial designed to determine whether two types of intensive aphasia therapy, beginning within 14 days of acute stroke, provide greater therapeutic and cost-effectiveness than usual care. Objective To publish the detailed statistical analysis plan for the VERSE trial prior to unblinding. This statistical analysis plan was based on the published and registered VERSE trial protocol and was developed by the blinded steering committee and management team, led by the trial statistician. This plan was developed using outcome measures and trial data collection forms. Results The VERSE statistical analysis plan is consistent with reporting standards for clinical trials and provides for clear and open reporting. Conclusions Publication of a statistical analysis plan serves to reduce potential trial reporting bias and outlines transparent pre-specified analyses. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) Registration number: ACTRN12613000776707; Universal Trial Number (UTN) is U1111-1145-4130.

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Rajguru, Renu, Anubhav Singh, Garima Rajguru, and Dibya Jyoti Boruah. "Morphometric analysis of pre and post operative facial angles following rhinoplasty." IP Journal of Surgery and Allied Sciences 3, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jsas.2021.016.

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Facial aesthetic surgery requires a thorough preoperative analysis of face and identification of problems to frame a comprehensive surgical plan. The conceptions of an attractive face must be analyzed beforehand. Powell and Humphrey had defined facial angles and had formulated range which would be perceived as attractive. To compare the change in pre- and post-operative nasolabial, nasofrontal and nasofacial angles in patients undergoing Rhinoplasty. A prospective observational study was conducted from October 2014 to October 2019 in ENT department of a tertiary care hospital. Twenty-one patients undergoing Rhinoplasty and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were considered as study population. Their pre- and post-operative profile photographs were taken for morphometric analysis. The nasolabial, nasofrontal and nasofacial angles were measured and compared, before and one month after the surgery in profile pictures. A significant change in the nasolabial and nasofacial angles were seen following Rhinoplasty. The mean nasofrontal angle showed an increase following Rhinoplasty but was not found significant. Rhinoplasty results in significant change in nasofacial and nasolabial angles and in expert hands, is expected to restore the various facial angles to their acceptable range.

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Andleeb, Saima. "Content Analysis of Pre-Election 2013 Political Campaign on Pakistani TV Channels." Global Mass Communication Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2016(i-i).01.

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This research categorizes treatment model of political parties in of agenda setting and framing perspective in major TV news channels in Pakistan before the elections of May 2013. The prime time (7-11pm) of these channels for one month was selected for supervising, examining and organizing determinations of coverage of general elections by news channels in under the code of conduct and procedure of coverage set by regulators. The researcher conducted content analysis of prime time which includes headlines of news bulletin, talk shows and issued addressed in program content broadcast on TV channels during that time frame. Results of the study showed that all news channels failed to fulfill the fundamental obsessions of impartial balance and reasonable reporting of political parties and their nominated candidates. In this study as the analysis showed the conduct of the elections, though having eminent place in the state news plan, it devastatingly explained the major political parties.

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Andleeb, Saima. "Content Analysis of Pre-Election 2013 Political Campaign on Pakistani TV Channels." Global Mass Communication Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2016(i-i).02.

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This research categorizes treatment model of political parties in of agenda setting and framing perspective in major TV news channels in Pakistan before the elections of May 2013. The prime time (7-11pm) of these channels for one month was selected for supervising, examining and organizing determinations of coverage of general elections by news channels in under the code of conduct and procedure of coverage set by regulators. The researcher conducted content analysis of prime time which includes headlines of news bulletin, talk shows and issued addressed in program content broadcast on TV channels during that time frame. Results of the study showed that all news channels failed to fulfill the fundamental obsessions of impartial balance and reasonable reporting of political parties and their nominated candidates. In this study as the analysis showed the conduct of the elections, though having eminent place in the state news plan, it devastatingly explained the major political parties.

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Boye, Eric Sefa. "Features of Problem Based Learning Lesson Plan That Fits into the Realities in the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics for Pre-service Teachers in Ghana." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.07.02.art006.

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The traditional method of teaching Mathematics has been criticised by researchers as learner passive paving the way for Problem Based Learning (PBL) strategy into the teacher education curriculum in Ghana. This development has aroused concerns about the effectiveness of lesson plans designed for teaching using the traditional method. Consequently, the introduction of a PBL lesson plan that is learner-centred, interactive, and involves the cooperation of learners in small group activities has become indispensable. The study seeks to determine the features of the PBL lesson plan that fits into the realities in the teaching and learning of Mathematics for pre-service teachers at the colleges of education in Ghana. The methodology employed in this study involved a literature review of a traditional lesson plan for pre-service teachers in Ghana alongside a proposed PBL lesson plan for pre-service teachers through a qualitative analysis before the enactment of the instructional process. The result and discussions of the two lesson plans placed the PBL lesson plan as a more constructive and a deeper reflection of the three domains of learning (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) which are crucial in stating instructional objectives and for teaching Mathematics. The paper recommended that the PBL strategy should be integrated into the teacher education curriculum in Ghana since its features better fit into the realities in Mathematics education in Ghana.

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Tallon, John M., Lu Zheng, Julie Wei, William Dick, George Papadopoulos, and Ognjenka Djurdjev. "Population-based analysis of the effect of a comprehensive, systematic change in an emergency medical services resource allocation plan on 24-hour mortality." CJEM 22, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.429.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundResource allocation planning for emergency medical services (EMS) systems determines appropriate resources including what paramedic qualification and how rapidly to respond to patients for optimal outcomes. The British Columbia Emergency Health Services implemented a revised response plan in 2013.MethodsA pre- and post-methodology was used to evaluate the effect of the resource allocation plan revision on 24-hour mortality. All adult cases with evaluable outcome data (obtained through linked provincial health administrative data) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for variations in other significant associated factors. Interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate immediate changes in level or trend of outcome after the start of the revised resource allocation plan implementation, while simultaneously controlling for pre-existing trends.ResultsThe derived cohort comprised 562,546 cases (April 2012–March 2015). When adjusted for age, sex, urban/metro region, season, day, hour, and dispatch determinant, the probability of dying within 24 hours of an EMS call was 7% lower in the post-resource allocation plan-revision cohort (OR = 0.936; 95% CI: 0.886–0.989; p = 0.018). A subgroup analysis of immediately life-threatening cases demonstrated similar effect (OR = 0.890; 95% CI: 0.808–0.981; p = 0.019). Using time series analysis, the descending changes in overall 24-hour mortality trend and the 24-hour mortality trend in immediately life-threatening cases, were both statistically significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionComprehensive, evidence-informed reconstruction of a provincial EMS resource allocation plan is feasible. Despite change in crew level response and resource allocation, there was significant decrease in 24-hour mortality in this pan-provincial population-based cohort.

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Billot, Laurent, Rinaldo Bellomo, Martin Gallagher, David Gattas, Naomi E. Hammond, Diane Mackle, Sharon Micallef, et al. "The Plasma-Lyte 148 versus Saline (PLUS) statistical analysis plan: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of the effect of intensive care fluid therapy on mortality." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.1.oa2.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The Plasma-Lyte 148 versus Saline (PLUS) study is a prospective, multicentre, parallel-group, concealed, blinded, randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of Plasma-Lyte 148 versus 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) for fluid resuscitation and other fluid therapy on 90-day mortality among critically ill adults requiring fluid resuscitation. The original target for recruitment was 8800 participants, which was reduced to 5000 participants following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. This article describes the statistical analysis plan for the PLUS study. METHODS: The statistical analysis plan was developed by the study statistician, chief investigator, and project manager, and was approved by the Management Committee before unblinding. The plan describes in detail the analysis of baseline characteristics, process measures, and outcomes, including covariate adjustments, subgroup analyses, missing data handling, and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A statistical analysis plan for the PLUS study was developed. This pre-specified plan accords with high quality standards of internal validity and should minimise future analysis bias.

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Churilov, Leonid, Henry Ma, Bruce CV Campbell, Stephen M. Davis, and Geoffrey A. Donnan. "Statistical Analysis Plan for EXtending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) trial." International Journal of Stroke 15, no. 2 (December 7, 2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493018816101.

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Background EXtending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) is a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial to test the hypothesis of extending the thrombolysis time window to 9 h from stroke onset and in wake-up stroke (WUS) patients. Objective To formulate the detailed statistical analysis plan for the EXTEND trial prior to database lock. This statistical analysis plan is based on the published and registered EXTEND trial protocol and is developed by the blinded steering committee and management team. Results The developed EXTEND statistical analysis plan is transparent, verifiable, and predetermined before the database lock. It is consistent with reporting standards for clinical trials and provides for clear and open reporting. Conclusions Publication of a statistical analysis plan serves to reduce potential trial analysis and reporting bias and outlines pre-specified analyses to quantify the benefits and harms of extending the thrombolysis time window to 9 h from stroke onset and in wake-up stroke patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00887328 registered 23/Apr/2009 and NCT01580839 (EXTEND International) registered 19/Apr/2012

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Shulipenko, Valeria V., and Yelizaveta S. Trofimova. "Pre-translation analysis of military texts on the example of chapters from the manual "Paramilitary formations in various countries of the world"." Focus on Language Education and Research 3, no. 4 (September 16, 2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35213/2686-7516-2022-3-4-62-70.

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The current military-political situation is of great interest to scientists. Texts devoted to these conflicts are actively studied by linguists, conflictologists, political scientists and other specialists from various fields of science. For a detailed understanding, translations of the original texts into Russian are made, but, unfortunately, typical mistakes are made during translation, namely, due to attention not being paid to the pre-translation analysis of the text. In universities, pre-translation analysis is studied only in general terms, often without taking into account the specifics of the translated vocabulary. All this adversely affects the quality of the translated text and, in particular, military texts. In this article, the author focuses on the importance of pre-translational analysis of texts, at its stages, and also gives several examples from the manual "Paramilitary Forces in Various Countries of the World". In the pre-translation analysis of military texts, it is important to take into account all the stages, you must not miss important points, otherwise the further translation will lose its accuracy, it will not correspond to the original language, important points may be missed. When you start working with a text, it is certainly important to determine its subject matter, you need to know the genre feature. If there is terminology in the text, it is necessary to determine all the subtleties of its use in two languages. The translator also draws attention to the fact that the abundance of proper nouns, which cause special translation difficulties, is dictated by the subject matter of the text. All the more important is the pre-translation analysis of the text before proceeding with the translation, in order to facilitate the process of understanding and reliable transmission of information. So, A.V. Skvortsova distinguishes two plans present in the text: the form plan and the content plan. When translating a text of any genre and subject, we set the following task: to replace the form plan of the original, while not changing the plan of content itself. The translator analyzes the source text (original), searches for and solves the translation difficulties he encounters, and as a result, bears full responsibility for the content of the text. When working with Chinese-language sources and materials, we often translate into several languages at once and analyze the results as we make unprecedented translations and appeal to the language traditions of other languages.

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Billot, Laurent, Richard I. Lindley, Lisa A. Harvey, Pallab K. Maulik, Maree L. Hackett, Gudlavalleti VS Murthy, Craig S. Anderson, et al. "Statistical analysis plan for the family-led rehabilitation after stroke in India (ATTEND) trial: A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a new model of stroke rehabilitation compared to usual care." International Journal of Stroke 12, no. 2 (October 22, 2016): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493016674956.

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Background In low- and middle-income countries, few patients receive organized rehabilitation after stroke, yet the burden of chronic diseases such as stroke is increasing in these countries. Affordable models of effective rehabilitation could have a major impact. The ATTEND trial is evaluating a family-led caregiver delivered rehabilitation program after stroke. Objective To publish the detailed statistical analysis plan for the ATTEND trial prior to trial unblinding. Methods Based upon the published registration and protocol, the blinded steering committee and management team, led by the trial statistician, have developed a statistical analysis plan. The plan has been informed by the chosen outcome measures, the data collection forms and knowledge of key baseline data. Results The resulting statistical analysis plan is consistent with best practice and will allow open and transparent reporting. Conclusions Publication of the trial statistical analysis plan reduces potential bias in trial reporting, and clearly outlines pre-specified analyses. Clinical Trial Registrations India CTRI/2013/04/003557; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN1261000078752; Universal Trial Number U1111-1138-6707.

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Shanahan, T. G., P. J. Nanavati, P. W. Mueller, and R. B. Maxey. "A comparison of permanent prostate brachytherapy techniques: pre-plan versus hybrid interactive planning with postimplant analysis." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 51, no. 3 (November 2001): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(01)02409-9.

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Kang*, Kyunghee. "Analysis of Types of Class Participation Presented in the Lesson Plan of Pre-service Physics Teachers." New Physics: Sae Mulli 72, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/npsm.72.914.

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Irnia, Lisa. "THE USE OF LESSON PLAN IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA N 1 AKABILURU DISTRICT." EXPOSURE : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS 9, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/exposure.v9i2.3258.

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This research was conducted to find out the application of lesson plan in teaching English at XI grade of SMA N 1 Kecamatan Akabiluru. The researcher found several problems on teacher’s application of lesson plans in teaching. The teachers have to create a lesson plan before teaching. Lesson plan consists of three stages; pre, while, post and the end of teaching. Although teachers created a lesson plan before teaching. The teachers still did not apply some of Pre, while, or the end in teaching subjects. It can be seen in teaching activities, the teachers used different method in every classes but the teachers used same lesson plan for every class. In this case, the teachers did not follow the learning procedures in lesson plan although it was brought in class for each meeting. This research was designed as descriptive qualitative research. The informant of this research was the teacher who teaches English in eleventh grade of SMA N 1 Akabiluru District. The research used observation and interview as technique to collect the data. First, the researcher observed the lesson plan of teachers who are teaching in class. Second, the researcher interviewed the teachers about the lesson plan when teaching in class. Based on the result of data analysis, showed that one of the two English teachers designed of lesson plan by edited the lesson plan that had been made by someone else as well both English teachers has applied all of learning procedures of lesson plan in teaching English. In different meeting, both teachers did not fully apply the whole procedures of learning activities as those are written in lesson plan. In addition, both teachers used different way of teaching. It was found that both teachers were difficult in allocating the time for each procedures.

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Yüksel, İlknur. "ELT Preservice Teachers’ Conceptualization of Teaching Practice: A Metaphor Analysis of the Dynamics of Teaching Practice." International Journal of Higher Education 8, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n4p254.

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Different from other studies on the metaphor analysis of pre-service teachers and their cognition on teaching, the present study adopted a larger perspective and investigated their conceptualization of the dynamics of the practicum, namely teaching practice, mentors, supervisor, students, lesson plan and materials. 35 pre-service teachers were asked to complete a metaphor elicitation task on six dynamics of teaching practice. Applying the conceptual metaphor analysis, 189 metaphors were determined and categorized for each concept. The overall results indicated that the pre-service teachers could conceptualize their beliefs on teaching practice dynamics referring to their experience. In line with their beliefs and attitudes, they chose the metaphors with positive or negative connotations. Some participants were positive about the practicum while some described the practicum with negative affective metaphors under the categories of pitfall and vagueness. Besides, the participants mostly used cognitive metaphors describing the authority of mentors and supervisors. In addition to the affective affirmative metaphors on the students, the participants described the students as out-of-control, referring to the classroom management problems. The contributions of lesson plan and material use were mostly appreciated with positive metaphors but the metaphors categorized under uncertainty and redundancy called for the participants’ need for supervision and support. The results of the study revealed that the pre-service teachers’ beliefs and performances were apt to be influenced with what they experience during the practicum. Through an understanding of pre-service teachers’ conceptualization regarding their experience, training and applications could be improved.

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Kim, Bang Hee. "Analysis of perception, requirement for AI education and AI teaching efficacy for secondary pre-service teacher." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 22 (November 30, 2022): 1001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.1001.

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Objectives The purpose of this study is to suggest direction for the AI education plan at the university of education through the analysis the perception, requirement for AI education and AI teaching efficacy of secondary pre-service teachers. Methods The survey was conducted by sampling students from K University's College of Education in Gyeongsang nam-do by grade and major. As a research tool, development questions in the areas of AI interest, understanding, and need through review of previous studies, and artificial intelligence teaching efficacy measurement tools (AI-TEBI) were used. Finally, 198 respondents were analyzed. Chi-square test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze differences by gender, major, and grade. Results First, the level of understanding of AI education was low, and the level of awareness of interest and necessity was high. Second, the demand for AI utilization education was higher than understanding education, and there were differences by major and grade. Third, among the sub-elements of AI teaching efficacy, individual teaching efficacy on AI and interaction with AI were low, and expectations for AI concept recognition and AI teaching results were high. Conclusions The AI education experience of secondary pre-service teacher affected the positive perception of AI education. According to this result, it is necessary to operate an appropriate systematic curriculum of AI understanding and utilizing education to enhance AI teaching efficacy by major and grade. The results of this study will be used as basic data to set a plan how to conduct AI education for all majors in college of education.

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Markovits, Daniel, Austin Strange, and Dustin Tingley. "Foreign Aid and the Status Quo: Evidence from Pre-Marshall Plan Aid." Chinese Journal of International Politics 12, no. 4 (2019): 585–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz015.

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Abstract Foreign aid has served as an important policy tool for centuries, yet international relations research essentially treats it as a novel, post-World War II phenomenon. We argue that documenting aid-like activities in earlier historical periods helps shed new light on the systemic political dynamics of aid giving. We introduce a framework that links aid giving to the status quo in international politics and populate the framework with a diverse set of historical and contemporary cases, including Western and non-Western donors. Our analysis reveals striking similarities between the ways in which donor governments from diverse regions, historical periods, and international systems have utilised aid and other forms of concessional finance to pursue international political goals. Our findings suggest that by considering the pre-Marshall Plan roots of aid researchers can more effectively link foreign aid provision to rising power dynamics, international formal and informal hierarchies, and other research agendas in international relations. Our analysis also points to the need for greater attention to non-Western and pre-World War II evidence in understanding the link between aid and systems of international relations that have been less prevalent in the post-Marshall Plan era.

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Billot, Laurent, Jeffrey Lipman, Stephen J. Brett, Jan J. De Waele, Menino Osbert Cotta, Joshua S. Davis, Simon Finfer, et al. "Statistical analysis plan for the BLING III study: a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial of continuous versus intermittent β-lactam antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.3.oa4.

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BACKGROUND: The β-Lactam Infusion Group (BLING) III study is a prospective, multicentre, open, phase 3 randomised controlled trial comparing continuous infusion with intermittent infusion of β-lactam antibiotics in 7000 critically ill patients with sepsis. OBJECTIVE: To describe a statistical analysis plan for the BLING III study. METHODS: The statistical analysis plan was designed by the trial statistician and chief investigators and approved by the BLING III management committee before the completion of data collection. Statistical analyses for primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes and planned subgroup analyses are described in detail. Interim analysis by the Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (DSMC) has been conducted in accordance with a pre-specified DSMC charter. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The statistical analysis plan for the BLING III study is published before completion of data collection and unblinding to minimise analysis bias and facilitate public access and transparent analysis and reporting of study findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry NCT03212990.

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Kelly, Joseph T. "Model for Pre-Hospital Disaster Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030405.

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I will discuss the need for a viable pre-hospital contingency plan applicable to mass casualty or disaster mode situations.It is my experience, during eighteen years in public safety and emergency services, that most organizations are highly competent and responsive to the daily expectations which are placed upon them. As most emergency services managers will tell you, they generally plan for the expected. After all, analysis in such areas as population growth, economic levels, unemployment and criminal trends are the lifeblood of any emergency service agency's personnel, equipment and budgetary allocations. Our level of sophistication today allows us to predict, with some degree of certainty, what demand will be placed on our organizations and how we will meet that demand. The point is this: we in emergency services have been extremely efficient and proficient in addressing the expected needs of the public we serve.

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Rasyid, A., M. K. Sugandi, A. A. Gaffar, M. G. Jatisunda, E. Santoso, and D. S. Nahdi. "Teaching STEM through play in kindergarten: analysis towards pre-service early childhood teachers preparing the lesson plan." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1764, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1764/1/012130.

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Kim, Garam. "A Study of Non Native Korean Pre-service Teacher’s Pedagogical Knowledge - Focused on Analysis of Lesson Plan." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.04.44.4.81.

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Neumark, David, and Maysen Yen. "Effects of recent minimum wage policies in California and nationwide: Results from a pre‐specified analysis plan." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 61, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 228–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irel.12297.

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Aulia, Shifa. "Analysis of PT. Celebit Circuit Technology's business negotiation strategy with customers." Magisma: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis 9, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35829/magisma.v9i2.184.

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In business negotiations, there is often little way to know how the agreement will be executed properly through negotiations and agreements with both parties concerned. The existence of the company's problems with the customer, the company must be able to provide alternative solutions to problems that occur by negotiating with the customer to seek mutual agreement as decision making. Informants from the PPC (Pre Production Control) / PPIC (Plan Production Inventory Control) section made an alternative as an initial negotiation with the customer in taking the negotiation agreement that occurred. In this study the authors used qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through interviews and literature study and interview data analysis techniques were carried out such as observing, discussing and describing the problem in a certain way. Based on the results of interviews with PPC (Pre Production Control) / PPIC (Plan Production Inventory Control) officers, there are several alternative strategies such as delivery warnings, production deliveries, alternative rooms and partial deliveries. With the end of the "win-lose" negotiation, the company has to find a way out of the problem that actually all parties benefit and see long-term opportunities in the negotiations that occur.

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Bos, Nathan, Kylie Molinaro, Alexander Perrone, Kelly Sharer, and Ariel Greenberg. "Workplace Satisfaction Before and After Move to an Open Plan Office - Including Interactions with Gender and Introversion." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601594.

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Open plan offices are both popular and controversial. We studied the response of a group moving from shared, but closed offices to an open plan office. The main data source reported here is a workplace satisfaction survey given pre-move, post-move, and to a lab baseline comparison group at the same organization, with some additional data from observations and interviews. Workers moving to the open plan office appreciated the flexible support for collaboration and the space’s appearance. There was lower satisfaction related to space for private concentrated work, temperature control, and ability to have private conversations. There were also some statistical interactions suggesting more positive responses by males and less positive responses by introverts; analysis was limited by small sample size. Observations and interviews gave further insight into open plan “neighborhoods” and the design of ad hoc spaces.

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Bagger, Alexander, Ties Haarman, Anna Puig Molina, Poul George Moses, Hirofumi Ishii, Nozomu Hiraoka, Yu-Han Wu, Ku-Ding Tsuei, Ib Chorkendorff, and Frank De Groot. "1s2p resonant inelastic X-ray scattering combined dipole and quadrupole analysis method." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516016933.

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In this study an analysis strategy towards using the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) technique more effectively compared with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is presented. In particular, the question of when RIXS brings extra information compared with XAS is addressed. To answer this question the RIXS plane is analysed using two models: (i) an exciton model and (ii) a continuum model. The continuum model describes the dipole pre-edge excitations while the exciton model describes the quadrupole excitations. Applying our approach to the experimental 1s2p RIXS planes of VO2 and TiO2, it is shown that only in the case of quadrupole excitations being present is additional information gained by RIXS compared with XAS. Combining this knowledge with methods to calculate the dipole contribution in XAS measurements gives scientists the opportunity to plan more effective experiments.

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Bariani, Giovanni M., Caroline Macedo, Mariana Da Silva, Karine Yamashita, Amanda Ruiz, Aline Pedroso, Carla Bernardes Ledo, et al. "Medical record documentation of cancer patients after an integrated engagement plan." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.68.

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68 Background: Complete and accurate medical record (MR) documentation is essential to quality of cancer patient care, whose complex health and social needs should be addressed during medical consultation. We aimed to evaluate the MR compliance before and after an engagement plan (EP) and an education meeting (EM) for oncologists. Methods: An integrated EP was designed to improve medical notes in a Brazilian cancer center. Firstly, a pool of 160 selected MR of patients with prevalent neoplasms was reviewed to identify frequently missed components. Based on this result, a set of MR documentation standards was developed and presented in an EM for oncologists. To verify its effect, a cross-sectional analysis was performed using 25 standard elements collected from randomized MR before and after the EM such as pathology report, cancer stage, medical history, treatment plan, patient comprehension, and initial psychological assessment. It was given particular emphasis to psychological assessment during the EM as a low documentation of it was identified after the first MR review. The variation of the proportions pre- and post-EM was assessed using the chi-square test. Results: A total of 850 elements were collected from 34 patients’ MR two months pre-EM and 950 elements of 38 patients’ MR two weeks after. Of these patients, pre-EM 18 were under intravenous (IV) therapy and 16 under oral antineoplastic therapy and, post-EM, 14 and 24 patients were under IV and oral therapy, respectively. Pre-EM, MR compliance of patients under oral therapy was 68% and for patients under IV therapy 78% (P = 0.0013). Post-EM, the difference between MR compliance of patients under oral and IV therapy was 6% (82% vs. 88%, P = 0.0167). Overall MR compliance pre-EM was 73% and post-EM 84% (P < 0.0001). Psychological assessment pre- and post-EM were 9% and 50% (P = 0.0002), respectively. Conclusions: Patients under IV therapy have a more accurate MR documentation than patients under oral therapy. Overall compliance of MR documentation was significantly improved after an EM, a part of an integrated EP. Psychological assessment documentation has not only improved, but it is expected that more attention has been given to this valuation by oncologists.

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Suharno, Widia Anggraeny. "Implementing Self-created Media in Online Teaching by English Pre-service Teacher of English Language Education at Mulawarman University." Journal of English as A Foreign Language Teaching and Research 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jefltr.v2i1.820.

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English pre-service teachers at Mulawarman University had to implement instructional media in online teaching practice. As a result, the researcher was keen on researching the pre-service teacher's experience, difficulties, and the way the-preservice teacher overcame the difficulties in implementing self-created media in online teaching practice. The purposes of this study were (1) To explore the way English pre-service teacher implemented self-created media in online teaching practice; (2) To know difficulties faced by English pre-service teacher in online teaching practice; (3) To examine the way English pre-service teacher overcame the difficulties in online teaching practice. The design of the study was a qualitative research approach. The research participant was the seventh semester of English pre-service teacher at Mulawarman University. In collecting data, the researcher used interview, document, and observation. In analyzing the data, the researcher used Miles, Huberman, & Saldaña’s flow model of analysis that consists of data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. This study showed that the pre-service teacher had to design the lesson plan, design the instructional video, use Google Meet as the platform for synchronous meeting, and implement the lesson plan in online teaching, which included pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, and post-teaching. The difficulties were related to a technical problem and a pedagogical problem. To overcome the difficulties, the pre-service teacher summarized the material during the online meeting and gave it to the students who could not join the class.

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Xiaoqin Cao, Julie Driscol, and Ulla Connor. "Needs Analysis and Legal English Course Design in Pre-Master of Laws Program: A Case Study in a U.S. University Law School." International Journal of Law, Language & Discourse 10, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56498/1012022341.

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Legal English courses for international students in pre-LLM (Pre-Master of Laws) programs in the U.S. are important and require careful design to meet the needs of the students. This paper, taking the legal English course design of pre-LL.M. program in a Midwestern university in the U.S. as a case, discusses a theoretically informed, research-based approach to the design of a pre-LL.M. program emphasizing legal English based on a needs analysis. In the paper, a target situation analysis, present situation analysis, and teaching context analysis are carried out to understand the needs of the law school and needs of the students. According to these multifaceted needs analysis, goals and objectives of the course are established and teaching material are developed by following effective guidelines. These materials guide the suggested development of classroom activities in the lesson plan which integrates the SIOP® model. It is hoped that the analysis of pre-LL.M. legal English courses, its subsequent design in a U.S. context, and application of related theories and practice in this paper can be broadly applied in other institutions or ESP course design settings in global contexts.

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Valachová, Daniela. "Detské prekoncepty o pojmoch múzeum a galéria a ich vizuálna podoba." Studia Scientifica Facultatis Paedagogicae Universitas Catholica Ružomberok 21, no. 4 (2022): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/ssf.2022.21.4.129-137.

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The paper presents a research probe of a broader conceived research plan, which is constituted in the topic of children's pre-concepts about the concepts of museum and gallery. The aim of the research probe is to convey the results of the analysis of children's naive theories in connection with the above concepts.

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Sánchez-Heres, Luis Felipe. "Simplification and Event Identification for AIS Trajectories: the Equivalent Passage Plan Method." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 2 (September 26, 2018): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331800067x.

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Abstract:

Two pre-processes for Automatic Identification System (AIS) trajectories commonly reported in the maritime knowledge discovery literature are trajectory simplification and event identification. Both pre-processes reduce storage and computational expenses by reducing the number of data points to be used in an analysis. This paper presents an event identification and trajectory simplification method based on behaviour identification and translation. Trajectory segments deemed to correspond to coastal or ocean navigation are translated into equivalent passage plan segments; a succinct description of the movements and behaviour of the ship. As a trajectory simplification method, it provides two main advantages over commonly used trajectory simplification methods: more meaningful simplified trajectories with better encoding of basic behaviours and the possibility to retain interesting behaviours in full resolution. As an event identification method, it is capable of differentiating between normal ocean or coastal navigating behaviour and complex or interesting behaviour, such as pilotage, reaction to a traffic conflict, or an involuntary deviation from the passage plan.

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Ishiyama, Hiromichi, Masashi Kitano, Takefumi Satoh, Yuzuru Niibe, Mineko Uemae, Tetsuo Fujita, Shiro Baba, and Kazushige Hayakawa. "Difference in rectal dosimetry between pre-plan and post-implant analysis in transperineal interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer." Radiotherapy and Oncology 78, no. 2 (February 2006): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2005.12.008.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pre-analysis plan'

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