Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pré adolescence et adolescence'
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Ollier, Blandine. "Réaménagements narcissiques et objectaux chez l'adolescent.e harcelé.e : le masochisme, un destin des achoppements identificatoires ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA131061.
This research proposes to study the narcissistic and objectual rearrangements likely to be mobilized among harassed adolescents. More specifically, based on our research interviews and existing analytical work on harassed adolescents, we questioned the fragility of narcissistic foundations and sexual positions, as well as the particularities relating to the arrangements of identifications and impulses among the latter. This path has led us on the trail of masochism. If our hypothesis linked to the masochistic nature of defensive behavior among some harassed adolescents appeared so interesting to us, it is also due to the particularity of the age group of the subjects which calls for numerous changes due to of Oedipal reactivation. So our problematic is the following: could the identificatory stumbles identified among adolescents in situations of school bullying experience have, in certain cases, a destiny with a masochistic evolution?We used a population made up of 10 bullied pre-adolescents and adolescents (5 girls and 5 boys) to carry out our research. The clinical material was collected by setting up a three-interview system within the partner establishments. The preliminary interview was followed by an interview including the administration of projective tests (Rorschach, T.A.T. and additional boards in a school situation), then a feedback interview.The results highlight that the construction of an identification linked to the fact of being harassed, could take on an initiatory dimension through a victim posture, even sacrificial, participating in the work of subjectification specific to adolescence. This posture can be expressed through psychological adjustments with a masochistic color likely to be illustrated either via the externalization of passive and masochistic modalities in the bond with peers, or by a reversal of aggressiveness against themselves. If these two modalities can be found in any type of psychological functioning without foreboding a necessarily pathogenic outcome ? in particular due to the plasticity relating to the adolescent process ? their impact will be different depending on the register of problems in which the subject fits. Thus, in certain cases, the use of masochism can be compared to an attempt at subjectification linked to a traumatic quest serving a need for differentiation with respect to the first objects of love. In other cases, when subjectification becomes fossilized around traumatophilia, the risk of melancholy is close
Binsinger, Caroline. "Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les pré-adolescents. Estime de soi, anxiété et activité physique et sportive." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIMS021.
Context: health risk behaviours, for instance drug use, are often initiated during the adolescence period. Thus, the behaviour’s determining factors have to be known to realize preventative actions among these young people. Aim: to analyze the relationship between three protective and/or risk factors (self-esteem, trait-anxiety and extra-curricular physical activity - ECPA), and drug use by early-adolescents, through the interactionist health model. Study design: A cohort of 1 230 voluntary pupils, followed for a period of four years. Data were collected every six months by self-report questionnaires. The document included questions on health, ECPA, self-esteem, trait-anxiety, and drug use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, anxiolytics, hypnotics, vitamins). Main results: nearly 40 % of the pupils practice regularly ECPA. Between 11 and 14 year of age, the prevalence of regular use of cannabis was multiplied by 34, and that of tobacco by 9. High protective factors and low risk factors are related to less drug use. Girls tend to have protective and risk factors more prone to variation than boys, in the event of consumption of tobacco, anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs, or vitamins, substances preferentially consumed by girls. Conclusion: this work confirms the need to develop, in children, psychosocial competences so that they can adopt favourable health behaviors
Gaudet, Boudreau Janice I. "L'effet d'un programme de façonnement sur les interactions sociales de pré-adolescentes et de pré-adolescents gênés." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ33875.pdf.
Bouzignac, Vincent. "Trajectoire scolaire et sens de l'orientation des collégien(ne)s scolarisé(e)s vers le Dispositif d'initiation aux métiers en alternance (DIMA) : entre expérience scolaire et rapport à l'avenir." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20130.
The objective of this thesis is to analyse the influence of the meaning attributed to school experience and to the relation to learning on the meaning that the secondary school students who enter a work-based learning program (DIMA) place on their orientation. Orientation meaning is studied after the active socialization model of Philippe Malrieu (2003). The population consists of 416 middle school students from the Region Midi-Pyrénées which 217 were referred to DIMA and 199 were schooled in a Preparatory to Professional Training 9th Grade (G9 PFP). All answered a computerized questionnaire during a collective assessment within classroom. A first descriptive analysis, comparing both groups of students, allowed us to study the trajectory and psychosocial characterizations specificities of the DIMA students. A second multivariate analysis based on the DIMA students’ responses only, revealed three types of students with heterogeneous relations to orientation. Six representative students were selected for further study, based on semi-directive interviews. The results show that DIMA students, who mostly come from the working classes, have a specific academic trajectory marked by early difficulties in learning. They are middle-school students that have developed a relation to school in opposition with institutional demands and expectations. They have built a positive representation of DIMA and this orientation generates strong adhesion and a high satisfaction rate. If the commitment to pre-apprenticeship revolves around the wish to break with school alienating past, it is also in the desire to learn differently. Our results show the fundamental influence of family socialization and school acculturation processes in the modulations of relation to knowledge that help make sense of this orientation. This orientation appears as a subjective function allowing the adolescent to overcome the antagonisms and the various conflicts built at the heart of social spaces. DIMA enables a large majority of teenagers to reconnect with a coherent self-image, broadening the space of possibilities and contributing to a “self-project”. The orientation to DIMA represents an anchor between social space and the subject, supporting the personalization process of the adolescent
Bouzignac, Vincent. "Trajectoire scolaire et sens de l'orientation des collégien(ne)s scolarisé(e)s vers le Dispositif d'initiation aux métiers en alternance (DIMA) : entre expérience scolaire et rapport à l'avenir." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20130/document.
The objective of this thesis is to analyse the influence of the meaning attributed to school experience and to the relation to learning on the meaning that the secondary school students who enter a work-based learning program (DIMA) place on their orientation. Orientation meaning is studied after the active socialization model of Philippe Malrieu (2003). The population consists of 416 middle school students from the Region Midi-Pyrénées which 217 were referred to DIMA and 199 were schooled in a Preparatory to Professional Training 9th Grade (G9 PFP). All answered a computerized questionnaire during a collective assessment within classroom. A first descriptive analysis, comparing both groups of students, allowed us to study the trajectory and psychosocial characterizations specificities of the DIMA students. A second multivariate analysis based on the DIMA students’ responses only, revealed three types of students with heterogeneous relations to orientation. Six representative students were selected for further study, based on semi-directive interviews. The results show that DIMA students, who mostly come from the working classes, have a specific academic trajectory marked by early difficulties in learning. They are middle-school students that have developed a relation to school in opposition with institutional demands and expectations. They have built a positive representation of DIMA and this orientation generates strong adhesion and a high satisfaction rate. If the commitment to pre-apprenticeship revolves around the wish to break with school alienating past, it is also in the desire to learn differently. Our results show the fundamental influence of family socialization and school acculturation processes in the modulations of relation to knowledge that help make sense of this orientation. This orientation appears as a subjective function allowing the adolescent to overcome the antagonisms and the various conflicts built at the heart of social spaces. DIMA enables a large majority of teenagers to reconnect with a coherent self-image, broadening the space of possibilities and contributing to a “self-project”. The orientation to DIMA represents an anchor between social space and the subject, supporting the personalization process of the adolescent
HADDAD, PATRICK. "Adolescence et toxicomanie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20376.
Cohen-Salmon, Julie. "Sensorialité et sensori-motricité : une approche du travail psychique chez la fille en période de latence." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB204.
In the present doctoral thesis, our objective is to study sensoriality and sensori-motricity in order to improve the clinical assessment of girls behaviors during the latent period (7 to 11 years old). These "behavioral disorders" (or more specifically in French "les agirs") are indeed characterized by a loud recourse to the corporeal in both its sensory and motor dimensions. Our theoretical and clinical research is based on work with children treated at an ITEP (Therapeutic, Educational and Pedagogical Institute) due to the severity of their behavioral disorders. Studying how the sensory system is organized, with sensoriality on the one hand and "sensori-motricity" on the other, is a way to grasp the resources children have at their disposal to feel what they internally live when in contact with themselves and others, but also how, through their sensori-motricity, they distance themselves from their inner feelings, their impressions of dependence and powerlessness. The conflict children are confronted to during the latent period may be expressed in terms of dependence and wish for separation/detachment from the object. Sensoriality, which goes along with dependence, is built on the model of the object that comes to meet the subject. Through its relationships with regression capacities towards primary identifications and also with alterity, sensoriality becomes the expression of a primal feminine nature. Sensori-motricity, in a contrary movement to that of sensoriality, consists in an active quest of the object. A paradox arises with sensory-motricity, due to the simultaneous urge for, and wish for detachment from, one and the same object. The use of sensori-motricity might be to reconnect with sensoriality, to actively re-create the conditions of its implementation thanks to the illusion of a satisfactory sensoriality it causes: children are confronted to their environment, confront it, and try to make the object come to them. Although the action of sensori-motricity counters the receptiveness of sensoriality, it also complements it due to the role it plays in the elaboration of psychic bisexuality
Poulain, Sophie Piron-Frenet Maryvonne. "Adolescence et troubles alimentaires." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHpoulain.pdf.
Bourvis, Nadège. "Étude expérimentale de la communication non verbale en situation de stress aigu chez l'Humain en développement : un dialogue entre maturation physiologique et construction du lien d'attachement Pre-linguisticinfants employcomplex communicativeloopsto engagemothersinsocial exchangesandrepair interactionruptures Dynamics of Non-verbal Vocalizations and Hormones during Father-Infant Interaction." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS036.
In this thesis, we adress the issue of the co-building, in the individual human development, of the physiological stress response system, and the process of affective bonding. This work, both experimental and theoretical, is structured following two crucial periods of neurological developement in Humans : early infancy, and adolescence. In the first part, we present experimental results with infants (3-6 m.o.) interacting with a parent. We used quantitative methods that allow to analyze the audio signal according to two levels : speech turn and the use of infant-directed speech. In mother-infant interactions, we show that infants develop an active position in the reunion phase, after an abrupt interruption of the interaction (article 1). We also show that ocytocine taken by fathers do not change the vocal interaction during a Still Face protocol infant-father (article 2). In the second part of the work, we focus on adolescents with borderline personality disorder. We first present a review of the literature on the links between borderline personality and stress (paper 3). Then, we introduce a methodology to propose a multimodal analysis of individual stress response, that includes body movement, face movement, vegetative parameters and hormone levels. This protocol has been tested and validated on healthy subjects (article 4). We show haw it is currently developed to study adolescents with borderline personality disorder (in progress)
Conti, Jean-Louis. "Adolescence féminine et violence familiale." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/conti_jl.
SALVAN, ANNE-MARIE. "Adolescence et troubles de l'oralite." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20067.
Conti, Jean-Louis Roussillon René. "Adolescence féminine et violence familiale." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/conti_jl.
HUOT, SABINE. "Adolescence et tentative de suicide." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13824.
Michallet, Anne-Sophie. "Marqueurs pré-cliniques métaboliques et vasculaires et tolérance à l'effort de l'adolescent obèse. Impact d'un programme d'activité physique." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS010.
The presence of early metabolic and vascular diseases could explain the exercise intolerance of obese adolescents but, exact mechanisms responsible of this intolerance must be identified. This study wanted first to give a characterisation of metabolic and vascular diseases, and to research factors responsible of exercise intolerance. Secondly we want to know the impact of exercise training on theses factors. Obese adolescents and adolescents without obesity were evaluated about complete cardio-respiratory, metabolic and vascular function at rest and exercise. Theses evaluations were made before and after 3 month of training for obese only. Obese adolescents' higher fat mass associated with lipid anomaly (insulin and HOMA significantly higher), inflammatory state (leptin and CRPus significantly higher) and oxidative stress (higher isoprsotan). During exercise they had less lipid oxidation, and less level of pulmonary volume. After training we show a normalization of insulin and HOMA level, and diminution of fat mass without change of weight. The capacity of lipid oxidation becomes better too, and we saw a higher level of pulmonary volume during exercise. Complete this study with an association of diet and/or specific lung training will be necessary to perlect these results
Rodier, Laetitia. "Cannabis et adolescence : regard et fonction du toxique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC300.
In psychoanalysis, the gaze, which distinguishes itself from its visual function by its erotic dimension but also as it implies the Other and his parole, it constitutes the cornerstone of this illusionary formation that is the narcissism. During puberty, both the transformation of the genitals and the transformation of the body as a whole fundamentally modify the gaze a teenager has into himself and the others have into him. The use of toxic substances is precisely and singularly solicited at this stage where the body is object of the desire to see and to be seen. Taking this into account, this thesis aim to understand the function of cannabis within the pubertal process, considering the importance of the role of the gaze regarding to reshuffle identity, reshuffle of the phallic symbol and the ideals. This study, which relies on a clinical analysis of several patient cases of adult drug addicts — repetitive users of cannabis since adolescence —, deeply leads us to explore the unconscious stakes related to the addictive process. The eye revolving of the drug addict actually tells us about his grand dependency to the other's gaze, and the paradoxical usage of Pharmakon appears to be both a call for the other's gaze and a desperate attempt to escape the other's gaze
Genet, Sophie. "Adolescence et cinéma : l'Amérique des années cinquante." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0099.
The arguments developed in this thesis lean on cinematographics data and analyse how the phenomenon of adolescence appeared, simultaneously, in the american pictures and society of the fifties. Our general approach is based on two initial points : - the first one may be qualified as historical. It concerns the shocks endured by the american society when the wild one (1953), blackboard jungle or rebel without a cause (both in 1935) were projected. Effectively, these movies proposed an original vision of american youth, for they showed the violent and desorganised universe of an active and, up to this date, ignored social group. - the second point is sociological and must be related to the way that movies builded up the archetype and the stereotype of adolescence. Studying the passage from the pictures on adolescence to the pictures for adolescents, we explored the elaboration of a critical social thought
GASPARINI, ANNE. "Anorexie mentale et adolescence : etude d'un cas." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOM079.
Robin, Danièle. "Adolescence et société : pour une méthodologie du cadre." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20002.
In the study of adolescence (12-18 years), particularly with regard to its pathological, behavioural, and relational aspects, as these can be observed in a psychiatric clinical practice, the "crisis" appears as a possible explanation of the phenomenon. A transdisciplinary, multifocal approach to this notion of "crisis", according to intrapsychical, interpersonal and transpersonal points of view makes it possible to move from concept to representation, and the process which arise leads to an exploration of the "framework" as a condition of emergence of the phenomenon. Is there any link between the two notions of "crisis" and "framework", and is there any model whereby these two notions can be seen into relationship ?. In an attempt to answer these questions, the reader is offered an inventory of the different therapeutical models which can be used to approach pathologies related to adolescence. It appears, from this inventory supported by some clinical observations, that questions about "transfer", "countertransfer", and "narcissism" are highly specific to therapeutical relationship with patients
Bourdier, Laurent. "Enfance et adolescence dans l'oeuvre de stephen king." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39006.
Study of the theme of childhood and adolescence in stephen king's work, the most popular horror writer of the end of the 20th century. The theme of childhood and adolescence was favoured because it is very recurrent in all his works and particularly in his first stories, but mainly because the american author has dealt with it with an uncommon accuracy and diversity. After a brief history of the literature of fantasy (literary criticism, european and american fantasies) intented to show how the author is the heir of this literary tradition, the second part deals with biographical elements and gives a general presentation of his work (and the movies adapted from it) and the other recurrent themes. The last part begins with an introduction devoted to childhood and adolescence in mainstream literature; then the study focuses on the different ways stephen king deals with childhood and adolescence in his work: 'the child / the adolescent in his/her environment', 'the child / the adolescent as a victim', 'the child / the adolescent as a torturer', 'supernatural powers and posession', 'the rite of passage'. The conclusion tries to demonstrate why king's work, because it has so frequently concentrated on the theme of childhood, because it is often a critical mirror of today's contemporary society, but also because the author has known how to use many different literary influences, deserves attention
Maryniak, Louis. "Représentation de règles morales et de leur transgression chez l'enfnat et le pré-adolescent." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131017.
Moral rules representation in the child is considered as a result of a construction process resting upon the functioning of cognitive structures, the subject's experience and the influences of social environment. These rules are applied according to various modalities including not only the kind of transgression committed but also the perpetrator's characteristics as well as the circumstances and consequences of the transgression. Close relations are created during childhood and adolescence between self-concept and moral rules representation when the opportunity for moral judgements and or actual behavior occurs
Boutry-Avezou, Virginie. "Acculturation, niche de développement et d'apprentissage et adaptation scolaire des pré-adolescents marseillais d'origine comorienne." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21481.
Promoting school adaptation of immigrant youth is a crucial issue for their host country and their family. The global comparative approach predominance entails a lack of focus on cultural group specificity. However school adaptation variability among these youth asks for the role of factors which are specific to each group. Young’s points of view on acculturation family dynamic and on their developmental niche can be viewed as possible explanation for this variability. In this study, we examine the acculturation family dynamic and its relations with the developmental niche. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the relative contribution of these two sets of factors to school adaptation of 115 pre-adolescent immigrants from Comoros archipelago living in Marseilles. Acculturation family dynamic has been appreciated through pre-adolescents’ acculturation attitudes, their view on their mothers’ ones and on their maternal acculturation goals. Their perceptions of parents’ attitudes, of child-rearing practice structurations and of homework supervision account for their view on the developmental niche. School adaptation is assessed in terms of academic (GPA’s for French and Mathematics and repeating a year), behavioural (school alienation) and attitudinal (school attachment) components. The examination of family acculturation dynamics reveals that the perceptions of mother’s acculturation attitudes influence the pre-adolescent acculturation attitudes directly and indirectly via perceptions of maternal acculturation goals. These goals are linked to their vision of their developmental niche. The multiple regressions of the family acculturation on one hand and the developmental niche on the other hand on school adaptation indices reveal their participation to the variability of this process. Nevertheless, for these two sets of variables, the weight of the different predictors depends on the school adaptation outcome being investigated
Van, Leeuwen Nikki. "Aspects cognitifs, familiaux, culturels et sociaux-économiques des idéations et des comportements suicidaires chez les adolescents issus de l’immigration." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20124.
Study 1- Aim: Explore the contributions of sociocultural and psychopathological factors to suicidal ideation among of 292 adolescents with an immigrant background. Although stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and individualism were risk factors, and attachment to parents a protective factor for both boys and girls, some gender differences emerged. Borderline traits (risk factor), assimilation and marginalization (both protective factors) were significant predictors only among girls.Study 2- Aim: Explore ethnic differences (717 French vs. 251 with an immigrant background) regarding risk and protective factors associated to suicidal ideation among adolescents. The frequency of serious suicidal ideation was higher among the ethnic minority males group compared to the French males group. The mean of suicidal ideation however was higher among the ethnic minority group of females. Ethnic differences were observed regarding the age among males in the prediction of suicidal ideation and self-serving cognitive distortions, borderline traits, and social anxiety among females. Study 3- Aim: Examine suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in France, both across variables and across persons in a non-clinical sample of adolescents with an immigrant background. Marginalization significantly predicted suicidal ideation whereas perceived discrimination significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Four latent classes emerged from analysis—“Separated-Integrated”, “Integrated”, “Undifferentiated” (characterized by adolescents who were not associated with any of the acculturation categories), and the “Individualized-Assimilated”. Significant differences appeared between the four classes for the indices of ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and acculturative stress. Prevalence and mean score of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms were high among both the sample and the four acculturative profiles; however no differences between the four classes emerged.Study 4- Aim: Identify cognitive and behavioral aspects which underline suicidal ideation and attempts of 15 adolescents with an immigrant background. Suicide represents “a way to release itself from the constraint to feign an identity”, and to “regain control”. Cultural dissonance, cognitive distortions, identity cognitions emphasize the emergence of self-destructive behaviors and coping strategies. These cognitive and behavioral aspects, underlined by contradictory cultural elements, lead these adolescents to anticipate a possible rejection, which may cause a fear of abandonment
Paschoal, Ana Cláudia da Silva. "Avaliação da assistência pré-natal às gestantes adolescentes de um município paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-27012011-115124/.
The present study deals with a detailed evaluation of the prenatal attendance offered by the service municipal of health, to pregnant adolescents, who live in Franca, state of São Paulo. This evaluation was conducted to know if the protocols estabilished by the Portaria GM/MS n° 569, of June 1, 2000, of the Ministry of Health for the pregnant womans service in the whole pregnancy-puerperal cycle was being fullfilled. It is a study which has a theoretical referencial of the evaluation of the health service , using the process indicator in a way so as to describe how the attendance to the pregnant adolescent enrolled in the SISPRENATAL , in Franca (SP), in the years 2006 and 2007, is being rendered. Statistic data which was fed in the system, the indicators pointed out by the municipality, where the results in the prioritized items for the evaluation are shown, were used. They indicated the precariousness of the rendered service. However, those data needed to be confronted with the reality of the town, and for that, not only information on the background and the profile of the pregnant adolescent was gotten, but also, the conditions in which the collection of data was processed, were observed. Flaws in the whole process were found. While the infant mortality indicator approached the positive goal, proposed by the municipality, showing an effectiveness in the procedures that precede the childbirth - Pregnant women attendance, available hospital service - , the SISPRENATAL data fed in the system suggested that there was no attendance to pregnant women, in particular, to pregnant adolescents, being offered. At the end of the study, the discussion around those differences made it possible to reach a possible conclusion: Franca (SP), as a data supplier to the SISPRENATAL system in the considered years , was not successful. Nevertheless, constant changes in the practiced actions are developing favorably in all aspects. Those changes include: The preparation of the internal teams for the valorization and the understanding of the real data transformed into information by the system to the Ministry of Health, participation in the community through partnership with the for continuing secretary of the education awareness work (which is especially aimed at the school population in the age group that goes from childhood to adolescence and refers to a wide variety of themes, but mainly adolescence pregnancy), availability of safety contraceptive methods in all UBS´s, besides the decentralization of the Family Planning for the units in order to protect the women reproductive rights, providing them with an easier access to the services.
Castro, Francisca Gomes de. "Representação da família em rapazes pré-adolescentes provenientes de famílias de pais divorciados." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2618.
The divorce has become more frequent, having a bad role in pre-adolescence, a period which is already disruptive, disorganized with difficult adaptation in which the family has the organized role, even though the need for independence by the pre-adolescent. There are few investigations on the qualitative level, the majority being quantitative on systemic approach. This dissertation aims the study of the family representation in pre-adolescents from families with divorced parents. The sample consisted in 14 pre-adolescent males with 13 and 14 years old, which 7 of them have divorced parents and the other 7 belong to “traditional families”. To submit to the family representation we appealed to the Family Drawing Test of Corman. It has been studied the family representation in both groups, noting that there are differences at this level. In particular, the idealization of the family. Those who are pre-adolescents with divorced parents show a desire to reunite the parents.
Gaux, Christine. "Liens entre maitrises phonologique et morpho-syntaxique orales et niveaux de lecture chez les pré-adolescents." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOL024.
This research examines relations between metalinguistic abilities, phonological and morphosyntactical, and reading in pre-adolescents. The theoretical part explains the interactions between these metalinguistic abilities and the process of reading during the development of reading and discusses paradigms used to evaluate these metalinguistic abilities. The empirical part deals with an exploratory longitudinal study in 6th to 9th grade and a study of 83 students in 6th grade. They explore interrelations between : 1 phonological tasks (segmentation, suppression, permutation of syllables, phonemes, onset-rime and morphemes) and morphosyntactical tasks (repetition, judgment, correction, localization, explanation, replication of morphemic agrammaticalities and inversions of words order and replication of words function). The regression analysis show that the contributions of phonological abilities are frequent with word decoding and less frequent with comprehension, morphemic agrammaticalities have more frequent contributions in comprehension and inversions of words order only in comprehension. A comparative study of four groups of readers shows that : the poor decoders and comprehenders have deficits in phonological and morpho-syntactical awareness in comparison with normal readers. 2 the poor readers in decoding with different levels of comprehension distinguish mainly on morpho-syntactical tasks 3 the poor comprehenders with different levels of decoding on morphemic agrammaticalities only
Bon, Catherine. "Adolescence et handicap : les enjeux narcissiques dans l'après-coup pubertaire." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070087.
How does the disabled-from-birth teenager faces the puberty upheaval and its unprecedented nature? How do his narcissistic bases, set up with the ell of the initial trauma, reorganize? As a clinical psychologist following handicaped teenagers and their families, I theorized a number of characteristic stakes. On one hand, the handicaped teenager elaborates various arrangements aiming at the resumption of a work on time congealed from birth. He positions in the chain of the generations in spite of an altered psychic transmission, and he parts from his parents although the links were inaugurated under traumatogenes auspices. On the other hand, the teenager carries out a work aiming at the seizure of his otherness; he accomodates into a " fourth dimension " which founds the feeling of existence of the individual, and the obstinacy of his identity. To do so, he has to articulate psychic and factual realities, without exclusively submitting himself to the threatening materialism of his infirmity. Therefore, the teenager faces the idea of destiny, and takes a stand on his handicap experienced either as a punishment to undergo, or an accident to overcome. He also relies on valid and/or handicaped peers to appropriate his difference. Finally in this process of subjectivation, he adopts singular drive positions concerning masochism and shame, and also uses the positions toward love as a privileged leverage of this appropriation. Recent developments in society, especially in the treatment of loss and destructivity help to explain the current increase of scarification among adolescents
Lambert-Gimey, Alexandra. "Adolescence en délinquance et rites de passage en Nouvelle–Calédonie." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20006.
In the heart of the Pacific Ocean, the archipelago known as New Caledonia is experiencing a significant increase in crime since the 2000s, according to information provided by police in Nouméa, the capital city. Its population is relatively young. Those who are less than thirty years old represent approximately half the population. In this multicultural country, modernity and ancestral tradition coexist for some indigenous ethnic groups. Our study aims to identify the characteristics of adolescent delinquency in New Caledonia, addressing its nature and origins. Thus we seek to highlight the factors that have prevailed which created this circumstance. In particular, our research will examine the relationship between delinquency and cultural factors, and the existing links between the quest for ethnic identity and belonging to emerging gangs.For our study, we relied on a sample of 331 adolescents drawn from two groups: conventional youth, and young offenders. All were subjected to the same questionnaire regarding their ethnic identity, their degree of attachment to their gang, their cultural practices, as well as their professed delinquency. Regarding the offenders, our data collection also relied on clinical interviews, as well as the results of their psychometric tests. The findings will focus respectively on quantitative data and qualitative analyses
Sarnette, Florent. "Ces adolescents qui disparaissent : Clinique du regard et de la voix au temps de l'adolescence." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2040.
The adolescent’s clinic brings the psychologist to question the place of the look and the voice during this passing through time. Even if these two items are central in the subject’s birth, their knotting becomes uncertain at the time of adolescence. Teenage runaways, in what we could refer as « disappearance » happens as the testimony the unknotting : that one of the look and the voice. Thus, to disappear, is to draw off the silence of Other one, a vociferous silence, structured like a jaundiced eye. It is a question, then, to create a place, a space — the one of disappearence — from where the return can be thought
Bocardi, Maria Inês Brandão. ""Assistência pré-natal na adolescência: concepções das adolescentes e dos profissionais de saúde"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/83/83131/tde-03052005-114332/.
This study aimed at identifying the conceptions about prenatal care of a group of adolescents on their first pregnancy. The adolescents were registered in the Prenatal Program offered by the Basic Health Units in the municipality of Marília SP. The goals of this research were also to identify the conceptions of health professionals who work in these services (physicians, nurses and nursing aides) on prenatal care in adolescence; to analyze the relations established between the adolescents and health professionals conceptions in the construction of prenatal care. This is a qualitative research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 17 health professionals and 18 adolescents on their first pregnancy. The author identified thematic units through content analysis. In order to construct the analysis process, author used the socio-cultural theoretical references on representative meanings of prenatal care through several perceptions and interpretations about the profile of the clientele, concluding that the care is provided in a differentiated way and that the health professionals play a fiscalizing role, identifying the pregnancy risk factors, reporting the difficulties they find to provide the care and revealing the actions of the health team. The adolescents identified prenatal care as surrounded by technical procedures, including examinations and orientations, characterizing a monotonous and at the same time coercive care as they are fiscalized by the professionals who provide their care. Author found that the social world of adolescents prenatal care resided by health professionals is built within a symbolic universe that disqualifies the adolescents to become adult women through maternity. In addition, for the adolescents, prenatal is a mechanism used by them to reveal their limits of being a body for themselves and being a body to have a baby and to unauthorized them as capable to have autonomy and decision power.
Boinet, Pauline. "Adolescence scarifiée : traces et mouvements symboliques d'un groupe à médiation écriture." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2004.
The specificity of adolescence is the coming to the fore of genitality. This involves both a metamorphosis of the body and a psychic reworking. The body is also a place of contradiction that sometimes attacks, sometimes it embellishes in a frenzied eroticism. Indeed, the contradiction can be translated in symptomatic form and manifest the clutter that the adolescent feels in front of his body that escapes him. He does not know how to identify what he feels, he does not know how to name it and he does not even know he does not know. Sometimes the relationship he has with his body is sufficiently paradoxical that he can't appropriate it. It is this strangeness that will cause a cleavage in the adolescent. The two perspectives that emanate from these positions are quite different as to the future of the subject. This work is a continuation of various research works on the adolescent problem. He reports on the establishment of a therapeutic group in writing in a Pediatric General Service, writing with teenagers who are scarifying themselves. It is by considering these scarifications as a body language at the heart of the adolescent and pubertal problem, and in view of the difficulties that these teenagers have to put words on the indescribable of their pain, that the group was created. The setting up of this one corresponds more generally to a reflection on the process of adolescence, of subjectivation, and the relation with the body, in particular through the work of symbolization in adolescence. We also question the place of our reflection, the mediation writing as a deposit of a trace on a support, which as well as the meeting of the blade on the skin, would come as a stop (Le Breton, 2002); the encounter with the sheet by analogy with the body would come to recreate and offer a container for psychic suffering. The group could be seen as a transitional space in Winnicott's sense, at the root of the creative and reassuring experience for the teenager. The body would then have a similar function in what it would incarnate a border between an inside and an outside. One of the functions of the scarificatory practice would then be to restore the limits of the Self in a fight against a possible collapse
Le, Roux Anne. "Repère pour une didactique de la géographie enseignée aux (pré) adolescents : quels professeurs de géographie au collège ?" Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN1101.
Perret, Anne. "Féminin, corps, adolescence : de la trace à la nomination." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070119.
This work, which is organized around the notions of the feminine, of the body, and of adolescence, interrogates the ways of symbolizing at work in the attacks on their bodies carried out by female adolescents. We have reported on the day to day clinical observation of adolescent girls in the emergency rooms of a general hospital in the greater Parisian region. This clinical investigation traces a path in the body. It makes readable the trajectory of drives which goes from anorexia to boulimia via the taking of medications and toxic substances interrupted by reiterated and compulsive scarifications. The unstructured character of symptoms in this period of adolescence shows the dimension of acting-out in which these signs of the body inscribe themselves. This unstructured character of the symptoms is the sign of the symbolic failure of the phallic function which returns in the Real of the body, understood as a demand addressed to the father in the name of an act which is real rather than symbolic. We have sought to avoid an interpretation which would too quickly reduce the Real thus encountered to an aspect of the death drive in order to try to hear what might be said, that is, in order to trace the ways of symbolizing involved in these marks. That is why these corporeal signs have seemed to us not merely a manner of symbolizing those aspects of the maternal Real which had remained blocked but also to give body and substance to the father, a mode of performing and forming the father which we have detailed along these lines. We have proposed as our hypothesis that the girl was obliged to pass once again through the maternal body in order to constitute her own body as a place. This passage through the maternal body marks a necessary experimentation with the Real and indicates the Impossible encountered in the course of the transmission. The shaping of the father moves through the substantiality of the gaze which the presentation of the enactments on the body displays, but also through signs on the surface of the body. We have followed the path of these traces or marks to their potential function of naming. To mark, te mark off, to remark, could translate the different forms of inscription of the Other, the different forms of address, in which the cursor varies constantly between Real, Imaginary, and Symbolic. We have thus interrogated what concerns the phallic function in these marks or in these traces. We have brought it into relation to the denial of castration. We have also brought it into relation with contemporary interrogations in clinical work on the transformation of this same phallic function in the field of the social. This has brought us to question the relation of the feminine to contemporary society, notably in its relations with perversion and fetishization, which Lacan has identified as discourses of a «perverse gait »
Monraisin, Flora. "Une analyse phénoménologique et psychodynamique du vécu d’incertitude d’adolescents atteints de cancer et leur mère : étude exploratoire et longitudinale de six dyades mère-adolescent." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080049.
The scientific research, following the various plans regarding cancer focused mainly on teenagers (ang young adults) and specifically on the specific treatments and needs (as well spiritual as psycholocigal as social) which the teenagers meet at thisage. We have been working in an onco-hematological-pediatrical service for six years and we have used the experience we have thusgained. It became obvious that we could not understand the teenager and his needs without taking his environment into acount and expecially the relationship he has with his role model in thi sadversity : his mother. Objectives : The main target is to carefully study the way he experiences uncertainty in the pair. We will especially focus on the way the mother and the teenager go through this experience of uncertainty when they are told about the cancerous pathology. How does their relationship bear this experience of uncertainty, especially if they are in the middle of puberty ? Méthods : Six pairs, mother/teenager took part to the experiment for semi-open interviews were carried out every other month starting from the diagnosis (T0), then 2 month after the diagnosis (T1), then 4 month (T2) and then, 6 month (T3) ; these interviews are carried out individually. There are 2 ways of assessing the results. The first one offers a phenomenological analysis using the Interpretative Phenomological Analysis (IPA, Smith, Flowers and Larkin, 2009), for the teenagers and their mothers. The second qualitative one offers a psychoanalytical reading of the individual interwiews, supported by pictures offerd to the teenagers at the end of interviews T1, T2 and T3 and by the R de Stern interview carried out with the mothers only.Résults : The phenomenological analysis of the interviews produced by the teenagers shows a lower level of the major and minor uncertainty orientated themes between T0 and T3. On the contrary, the phenomenological analysis of the interviews of the mother shows and increase of the focus on how to live through the uncertainty between T0 and T3. The analysis of the pictures shown to the teenagers shows they need a strict restricting structure so as the reduce the uncertainty they feel, both physicaly and psychologicaly and the physical activity boost (T1 and T2). During T3, the analysis of the picture focuses more about the future and needs to look for security in the family environment. Regarding the mothers, the analysis of the R interviews shows a reliving of the mother-baby bond increased by the happening of the disease (linked as well with the fact the child becomes a teenager) with the same vision of the baby teenager and the diseased teenager. Through this experiment, the identity of the mother changes al together. Conclusion : Experiencing a cancer generates among the teenagers a narcissistic and identity crisis. Phenomenally speaking, this experience can be compared with testing an ordeal which chases out uncertainty. It is totally different for mothers because they keep in themseleves this destroying and traumatic experience. The psychanalitical analysis balances the teenagers phenomenological interpretation, the subconscious thoughts shows a fraitly both on the identity and narcissical point of view related to the notion of time T3, and important psychological suffering which must stay hidden. The psychodynamical interpretation adds a light regarding the link among the pairs. Experiencing illness offers us a rereading of the mother-baby link which enables us to work again on the frailties of the link. We can thus say that the discrepancy beetween what we live through generates the changes, this discrepancy generating space for a game of possibilities
MOREL, MICHELLE FRANCOISE. "Le role du pere dans la delinquance juvenile recherche par investigations d'une cause fondamentale pouvant etre a l'origine de toutes les autres : l'absence d'un pere actif." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H062.
Potard, Catherine. "Attachement parental, sexualité à l'adolescence et estime de soi." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2030/document.
Adolescence is a period of development during which people experiment with their first sexual activities, explore new paths and distance themselves from their parents. This life changes may lead adolescents to increased risk-taking, including in sexuality, and to a loss of self-esteem. This work proposes to study the relations and the nature of the bond (secure, insecure ambivalent and insecure avoidant) with the mother and the father between the adolescence and the kind of sexuality held (sentimentalized, corporalized, avoided or risky). Self esteem is considered in this study as an intermediate variable in the interactions between the attachment perceived by parents and the sexuality of adolescents. To consider the pubertal and cognitive evolution during adolescence, the prime adolescence and the late adolescence are studied separately.. The sexual behavior of secure adolescents is reflected in their high self-esteem, with ease in intimate relations (both affective and physical) and a more sentimentalized and less risky sexuality. The ambivalent adolescents are more precocioulsy involved in sexual interactions and exhibit a more risk-taking sexuality, in the fear of rejection or abandonment. For the avoidant adolescents, they are less interested by the emotional implication of sexuality, and less oriented toward the sexual experiences with girls (attachment to the father) during the prime adolescence, without necessarily being sexually inactive in their late adolescence. In these relations, self-esteem is a real mediator for the attachments secure and insecure avoidant
Di, Spurio Laura. "Comment l’adolescence vient aux filles :discours, modèles et réalités: Une histoire de l’adolescence féminine en Belgique francophone (1919 à 1960)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/235776.
Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Genest, Louise. "Maternités précoces et vulnérabilité : analyse sociologique de leur signification et des politiques périnatales mises en place." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB190.
This study concerns prenatal fourth month interviews, key measure of the perinatal plan (2005-2007), as being adapted to a population of adolescent mothers. It is a retrospective (2007-2011) and comparative study of 303 births by underage women in the maternity hospitals of Saint-Denis and Nantes. The quality of medical care during pregnancy of these adolescents is generally inferior to national French averages, but significant differences are observed when sociodemographic elements are taken into account. Three different profiles appear and identify the social, family, environmental and professional reasons which explain these significant disparities during medical pregnancy care. Taking into account the sociodemographic profiles of these adolescents is essential to the study of early pregnancies and to mitigate the vulnerability specific to this fragile population. Finding the factors which further optimize medical pregnancy care for these young women is parallel to a reduction of obstetrical and social risks
Rato, Ana Rita Arrais. "Autoconceito, obesidade e representações de estilos de vida saudável em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2743.
O presente estudo tem uma amostra de 110 jovens a frequentarem o 2º e 3º ciclos de escolaridade, sendo a média de idades de 13.49. Esta investigação de carácter quantitativocorrelacional tem por base os pressupostos da crescente prevalência da obesidade a nível mundial, nomeadamente entre os mais jovens. Assim, o presente estudo pretende analisar os efeitos da obesidade sobre o autoconceito, auto-estima e representações de vida saudável dos préadolescentes e adolescentes, considerando, ainda, possíveis diferenças de género. O principal objectivo é contribuir para a compreensão das consequências desta doença de foro nutricional, especificamente, no que refere a auto-representações dos mais jovens e à forma como percepcionam um estilo de vida saudável, de forma a que futuramente sejam elaborados programas, não só interventivos, mas principalmente preventivos. Os instrumentos utilizados para a recolha dos dados foram a Escala de Autoconceito e Auto-Estima para Crianças e Pré-Adolescentes de Martins e seus colaboradores (1995), a Escala de Autoconceito e Auto-Estima para Adolescentes de Peixoto e Almeida (1999; Peixoto, 2003) e o Questionário de Representações de Estilo de Vida Saudável, construído para avaliar as percepções de hábitos de saúde. Os resultados alcançados através da presente investigação revelam diferenças significativas de género, no que refere à dimensão aparência física do autoconceito. Verifica-se a inexistência de diferenças relativamente ao autoconceito, nas dimensões comportamento e aceitação social, em função da idade, género e obesidade. No que respeita à auto-estima, constatase que esta é comprometida por efeitos de género e de prevalência da doença de foro nutricional. Quanto às representações de estilo de vida saudável, conclui-se que existem diferenças ao nível da categoria nutrição, impostas por efeitos de género e idade e que, no que refere à categoria autocuidado, não são verificadas quaisquer diferenças.
ABSTRACT: The present study has a sample of 110 young people to attend the 2nd and 3rd cycles of schooling, with an average age of 13.49. This quantitative investigation of correlational nature is based on the assumptions of the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, particularly among young people. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of obesity on self-concept, self-esteem and healthy living representations of pre-adolescent and adolescent, also considering possible gender differences. The main objective is to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of nutritional disorders disease, specifically in regards to self-representation of younger and how perceive a healthy life, so that future programs are developed not only interventional, but mainly preventive. The instruments used for data collection were the Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Scale for Children and Pre-Adolescents from Martins and colleagues (1995), the Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Scale for Adolescents from Peixoto and Almeida (1999; Peixoto, 2003) and the Questionnaire of Healthy Lifestyle Representations, an instrument built to evaluate perceptions of health conducts. The results achieved by this study reveal significant gender differences with regards the physical appearance dimension of self-concept. There are no significant differences with respect to self-concept, on the dimensions behavior and social acceptance, depending on age, gender and obesity. With regard to self-esteem, it is observed that this is compromised by the effects of gender and prevalence of nutritional disorders disease. As for healthy lifestyle representations, it is concluded that there are differences in the nutrition category, imposed by the effects of gender and age, and that in regard to self-care category, any differences are not checked.
Moulin, Caroline. "Itinéraires adolescents et genres féminins ou le processus de construction des identités sexuées." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES0001.
Sierra-Scroccaro, Nathalie. "Adolescence et addictions : quelles interventions envisager pour les parents de jeunes consommateurs ?" Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20005.
Addiction constitutes a major public health problem and raises numerous questions from a clinical and psychopathological perspective as well as on young users’ care. Even though certain interest has been shown in the field of scientific research on the subject, only recently has the suffering of the parents of young teenagers been the object of researchers’ and professionals’ studies.The objective of this qualitative and exploratory study is to examine the personal experiences of the parents of teenagers suffering from addiction. It was carried out at a prevention and treatment center for addiction.Mothers who consult for their sons make up the majority of those who consult. Generally, these teenagers or grown-up young adults are between the ages of 15 and 23, live at home with their parents, and battle against excessive use of cannabis, alcohol, and video games.Six forms of parental personal experiences and certain family configurations in connection with the addictive behaviors of the teenagers were identified by means of fifteen clinical cases.The addictions of the young people in question call out to the maternal function as a mediator of the paternal function.Additionally, the adolescent subject summons within his/her mother an object in response to the question of the real of the Other jouissance, as a substitution in the absence of the signifier.These results allow us to question the possibilities of clinical interventions with these families, and to think about new tools of medical-psychosocial support
Lebrun, Caroline. "De l'éprouvé pubertaire à l'objet génital : transaction virtuelle : Téléphone et prime adolescence." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10094.
Viardot, Claire. "Incarner l'écriture : anorexie et adolescence : recherche qualitative dans un groupe d'écriture thérapeutique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2061&f=14753.
This thesis focuses on therapeutic writing during adolescence and its link with the understanding of anorexia nervosa. Writing activates psychological dynamics that allows an active building of links between the body and the unconscious, supporting the patients' internal and external narrative processes. The difficulty of anorexic patients to confront and experience the world questions their ability to put into words their past and their sufferings. A weekly writing therapy group has been held in Maison de Solenn for over 10 years. It is a mediatized space which encourages anorexic patients' psychological development and symbolization by inviting them to write about their deepest emotions and experiences regarding difficult life events they are going through, went through or imagine going through. The aim of our research is the qualitative study of the therapeutic processes which happens during the writing sessions. The analyses follow the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. The sample is constituted of 311 written productions coming from 12 patients. Our longitudinal and transversal analyses allowed us to identify 75 macro categories organized in 8 themes, themselves divided in 2 macro themes. The analysis of these results highlights the reactivation of the separation-individuation process during the writing process, which emerges in a remarkable way among anorexic patients. The reactivation of the intra and extra psychological temporality is also at stake and offers to anorexic patients the opportunity to regain their rightful place in their intimacy and in the world around them. Furthermore, we observed that writing about their bodies and sensations? allows to process emotions so that patients may learn again how to grasp onto them. In addition, we underlined the creation of a 'writing second skin' which allows the consolidation and the access to emotions, as well as the quest to rhythmicity and calming feelings through writing. Finally, we theorized the 'bleeding-alloy' process, which appears in the written productions of anorexic patients
DELEUZE, GEHIN LAURENCE. "Le parcours medical, scolaire et social pendant l'enfance et l'adolescence des jeunes adultes souffrant d'un handicap psychologique ou mental severe : etude retrospective de 45 jeunes adultes du departement du rhone, severement dependants." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M090.
Pereira, Fabiano Amorim. "Associação entre pressão arterial ambulatorial e variáveis antropométricas em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12442.
We observed the growing incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases nowadays in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to verify the association betwen ambulatory blood pressure and anthropometrical variables in 34 pre-teenagers and teenagers, ranging from 9 to 17 years old both male and female. We also analyzed if the frequent practice of exercices helps group of individuals in relation to this blood pressures variables. The blood pressure was evaluated by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring since this offers a better values reproducibility and more details about blood pressure behavior in diferences times of the day. We used descriptive statistics to present the final results and applied Pearson and Spearman tests to evaluated the association betwen the variables. Finally, applied the multivariated regression analisys to control the confusion factors. Our conclusion was that the body mass index is directed associated with the daytime sistolic ambulatory blood pressure and the 24-h sistolic ambulatory blood pressure independently from any other anthropometric variable. The height and the body mass index are directly associated to the daytime sistolic ambulatory blood pressure and the daytime average ambulatory blood pressure in this group. The waist-to-hip relation is smaller in the individuals that practice exercices regularly.
Mata, M. J. "Efeito da Separação Maternal Sobre a Impulsividade, Consumo Voluntário de Etanol e Expressão de Componentes do Sistema Endocanabinóide e Dopaminérgico em Córtex Pré-frontal e Hipocampo: Influência do Consumo de Etanol em Binge na Adolescência." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7864.
A separação maternal tem sido um modelo animal amplamente utilizado, para mimetizar eventos estressores no período neonatal, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de déficits cognitivos e ao abuso de substâncias, como o etanol. Essa substância representa um potencial risco a saúde por se tratar de uma bebida muito consumida por jovens e adolescentes, principalmente, em binge, um consumo pesado episódico de etanol. Este é capaz de provocar alterações comportamentais e em sistemas de neurotransmissores, como o dopaminérgico e o endocanabinóide. Neste estudo, nós buscamos avaliar a influência do consumo de álcool em binge por ratos adolescentes submetidos à separação maternal sobre o aprendizado, a impulsividade e o consumo voluntário de etanol na vida adulta, bem como investigar os efeitos desses tratamentos sobre o sistema endocanabinóide e dopaminérgico. Para isso, ratos Wistar machos foram separados ou não de suas mães dos dias pós-natal 2-15, por 3 horas diárias. Os animais não separados foram mantidos sob condições padrões de biotério. No 35º dia de vida, os animais foram divididos em grupos para o tratamento agudo ou crônico. Ambos os grupos foram novamente divididos em 3 subgrupos, que receberam veículo (salina) ou etanol em doses de 3,0 ou 6,0 g/kg, por gavagem. O etanol foi administrado por três dias consecutivos (binge agudo) ou uma vez por dia, dois dias consecutivos, intercaladas por dois dias sem etanol, perfazendo um total de 10 doses (binge crônico). No final deste procedimento, os animais foram submetidos aos testes comportamentais de aprendizado e impulsividade, ambos utilizando um Labirinto em T, ao teste de consumo voluntário de etanol, ou eutanasiados para obtenção das estruturas córtex pré-frontal e hipocampo. A expressão de mRNA dos componentes do sistema endocanabinóide: receptor CB1, e as enzimas: monoacilglicerol lipase, amida hidrolase de ácidos graxos, N-acilfosfatidiletanolamina especifica fosfolipase D e diacilglicerol lipase, foi avaliada em ambas as estruturas, e os receptores dopaminérgicos D1, D2 e a enzima tirosina hidroxilase foram avaliados apenas no córtex pré-frontal. Nós observamos que separação maternal aumentou o comportamento de impulsividade e o consumo voluntário de etanol, e o consumo de etanol na adolescência prejudicou a memória de curta duração, parecendo previnir as demais alterações comportamentais geradas pela separação maternal. No córtex pré-frontal a separação maternal e o etanol alteraram o sistema dopaminérgico com redução da expressão de mRNA de D1 e aumento da tirosina hidroxilase, e parecem gerar um aumento das enzimas de síntese de endocanabinóides, N-acilfosfatidiletanolamina especifica fosfolipase D e diacilglicerol lipase. No hipocampo no grupo submetido a ambos os tratamentos houve uma redução da expressão de mRNA de CB1 e da enzima N-acilfosfatidiletanolamina especifica fosfolipase D, e um aumento da expressão da diacilglicerol lipase. Em conclusão, tanto a separação maternal quanto o etanol, foram capazes de provocar alterações comportamentais e nos sistemas endocanabinóide e dopaminérgico, e a separação maternal modifica a resposta aos efeitos do etanol.
Chiarelli, Clémentine. "Des enjeux psychiques de l'engagement et du militantisme dans un parti politique à l'adolescence et au début de l'âge adulte : approche psychodynamique et projective." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB220.
If political parties are often referred as "traditional" and therefore "outdated" institutions, they continue anyhow to participate in "living together" and are still the main institutions that compete in local and national elections. Their main target is the conquest and the exercise of power at all steps. Despite the mistrust in these institutions, especially among adolescents and young adults, some of them are still engaging and militating, sometimes intensely, in the party-political youth organizations of political parties. Our thesis aims to highlight psychic issues of the adolescents and young adults' involvement in political parties. In an attempt to take those stakes into account, two questions guided our research. Firstly, In France today, what are the psychic functioning modalities of adolescents and young adults who militate in a political party, what are their eventual common psychic characteristics? Secondly, regarding the psychic processes mobilized in adolescence and early adulthood for these subjects, what would be the function and effect of the engagement and militancy in a political party? Between January 2015 and June 2016, thirty-six young activists, aged between 18 and 26, agreed to participate in the research. Political organizations in which these young activists committed themselves represent the entire political spectrum, from the extreme left to the far right. In order to address the questions raised a methodology including both individual semi-structured interviews and projective tests (Rorschach and TAT) has been set up. While the projective tests enable us to apprehend shrewdly the characteristics of the young militants individual psychic functioning, individual interviews provide valuable insights of their personal story and their militant journey. First of all, the results show the heterogeneity of the psychic resources and fragilities according each militant, which leads us to believe that there is no specific psychological profile for this population. However, we find common characteristics among National Front activist, which conduct us to make the hypothesis of a resonance between these psychic characteristics and this political party's advocated ideas and ideals. A question remains: why don't we find the same phenomenon amongst the other political parties and related activists; in that regard, a reflection path is proposed in this thesis. Moreover, the findings of this study, allow us to state that a political party can provide a more or less effective support for the management of the psychic conflicts peculiar to the adolescence and to the adulthood. Does the effectiveness of this support exclusively depend the resources and psychic weaknesses preexisting in young activists? It would seem not. This research shows that the framework of political organization is far from contingent to the activists' individual psychic functioning. Thus, it is important to consider both the psychic functioning has been built through the individual history of the militants, and the organizational constraints they confront, in order to evaluate, from a psychic point of view, the extent to which this commitment has a mutative effect
Ashkar, Ali. "La socialisation et la créativité chez les adolescents : étude menée auprès de participants français et syriens." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30036/document.
Creativity is apparent in every domain of human activity. In particular, it should beespecially useful to facilitate the psychological transitions in the adolescent period. Followingan examination of main present studies on adolescence, socialization, and creativity, thisresearch contributes to investigate the relations between creativity and socialization duringadolescence. 149 French adolescents and 173 Syrian adolescents completed a questionnaireincluding items adapted from Torrance tests, original questions on school socialization,perception of school achievement, out of school socialization, and some family features. Theaim was to understand if the relations between creativity and socialization are analogous inthe two cultural contexts, not to compare the performance on creativity between the twoadolescent groups, and to evaluate independently the development of the creative thinking inboth samples.Data were mainly analyzed by stressing the significant correlations between the variousindex of creativity and socialization. A qualitative analysis of creative products was alsoconducted. As a whole, contrary to our hypothesis, the correlation between creativity andsocialization were quite low except for the perception of school achievement and the practiceof extracurricular activities. They were also not systematic and they differed in numerousaspects when French data and Syrian data were compared. Besides, the qualitative analysis letto show how creativity assessment depends on cultural representations and learnedexperiences
Sousa, do Carmo Viviani. "Anonymat de vie et de mort : le lien social à l'adolescence." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/177615680#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
This thesis seeks to investigate the vicissitudes of the entrance of adolescents into the social realm in large urban centers, where they are immersed in a scenario of social anomie and violence. We are interested in investigating the strategies of adolescent subjectivization in a context where life in the social milieu tends towards a probable, and anonymous, death. How can these adolescents be induced into taking part in the social compact when neither their lives, nor their deaths, are likely to have any positive social value? To conduct this research, we relied on our clinical work with adolescents in school. We conducted, in a public school in São Paulo, conversational groups, whose inspiration we sought from theoretical and clinical psychoanalysis. We will present in this thesis, two case studies built from this conversational work. This thesis is arranged into four chapters. The first will deal with the construction of the adolescent and his entry into the social bond. But above all, it will deal with the difficulties in the context of the social bond, shall we say, an anomic social other. The third chapter of this thesis, brings a strong theoretical digression on the social bond in the works of Freud and Lacan. In Freud’s concept of the superego, we see that the continuation of man in the social compact will be maintained by way of guilt. In Lacan, from the transcendence of the concept of intersubjectivity, the psychoanalyst will outline a theory of social ties, from its mounting discourse. We can say that in Freud the social bond between the men is maintained due to feelings of guilt, while in Lacan, the glue is obedience, the first foundation of the social compact, structured from the speech of the Master. Finally, in the fourth chapter of this thesis , we affirm that something on the order of a short-circuit in the social compact and the emergence of the phenomenon of widespread violence, has been a consequence of a deregulation of the anomic socius. We have entered an era ruled by the discourse of capitalism, which will impose a movement from bonds structured by the triumph of guilt to those (mis)guided by the dominance of enjoyment. We will say that this scenario could be devastating to the adolescent subject, that one shall find some difficulties in the process of a subjetivization. In this context, where life is begun and ends in a death almost always anonymous, violence appears in the speech not only as a teenager given the fact of the quotidian, but as one of the manners in which the youth will find ways to construct his own image towards society. Violence will not only be an act, but form of speech, for a subject that can only be counted by means of an disqualified fiction, a violent history, where the subject is exiled and disappears
Gueye, Aliou. "Alimentation durant l'adolescence : facteurs de troubles comportementaux et neurobiologiques à l'âge adulte : modèle animal chez le rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21805/document.
Adolescent diet often contains an excessive amount of palatable food with high caloric and sugar contents. Clinical and epidemiological data show that overconsumption of these large foods and sugar beverage consumption may have consequences in adolescence during which the brain is still maturing.Several studies have shown that sugar overconsumption during adolescence have long lasting effect of disease incidence such as obesity, diabetes … However, little is known in the long lasting effect of behavior disorder related to sugar overconsumption early in life. Therefore we set up an animal model to investigate the long lasting effect of sugar overconsumption during adolescence (PND 30 - 46) in neurobiological and behavioral alterations at adulthood. Our results reveal that chronic free access to sugar during adolescence decreases motivation and induce a vertical downshift of dose response curve for natural sweet and no sweet solution at adulthood with no behaviour consequences for pharmacological reward such as cocaine. These behavioral alterations are specific: 1) to the 5% sucrose concentration which is the more rewarding dose in our rats; 2) to a long access to 5% sucrose because only these alterations of behavior are observed after 12h et 24h/day access but not after 2h/day access; 3) to the sweet taste of the solution exposure during adolescence but not to its caloric effect since saccharine (a no caloric and sweet solution) induces these behavioral alterations; 4) to the adolescent period because we show no effect when adult rats have access to a sucrose solution; 5) is not dependent on the rearing conditions during adolescence since singly housed or group housed rats show the same behavioural disorder. We also show that these long lasting behavioral alterations to palatable foods are associated to anxiogenic-like behaviors and a depressive-like state evaluated in the Novelty suppressed feeding test and the forced swimming test respectively. Chronic imipramine treatment from the end of adolescence onwards (PND 47) prevents this behavioral disorder. Immunohistochemical studies show that sucrose exposure during adolescence decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and imipramine treatment restores this deficit. These results suggest the importance of diet during adolescence in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders at adulthood. Given our high sweet environment, all these data suggest that considerable effort must be conducted to control early life initiation of sugar
Barbé, Martine. "Relations d'amitié et construction identitaire chez les adolescents en internat scolaire." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20118.
Our study aims to apprehend, in the context of boarding schools, the links between friendships and identity development. This research favours an interactionist approach grounded in the field of social and developmental psychology. We explore the identity development, the characteristics of friendships with the best friend and the experience of boarding school. The research has been conducted on 721 teenagers in boarding school (261 boys – 460 girls) in 10th and 12th grade enrolled in public (80.1%) and private (19.9%) schools in the Midi-Pyrenees’ region. Six tools have been used to collect data: an identity scale DIDS (Dimension of Identity Development Scale - Luyckx et al., 2008), a questionnaire relating to psychological support (Mallet & Vrignaud, 2000), a questionnaire on intimacy (Sternberg, 1986) and a questionnaire on the experience of boarding school designed for this study.The results underline that friendship with a good friend, a friend and the best friend is based on mutual and reciprocal understanding. The results show the importance of the subject’s place in the reasons guiding the choice of boarding school. The personal choice (choice of school, of academic courses) conflicts with the parental or institutional choice. The identity development is characterised by a higher proportion of teenagers in identity diffusion than in identity achievement and in moratorium. We have not demonstrated a link between the experience of boarding school and the identity development but this experience is associated with the process of exploration in breadth and the identification of commitments. The different forms of support and intimacy are linked to the status of identity development. This study, because of its exploratory nature and in view of the scarcity of other researches on its topic, encourages comparatives and longitudinal researches