Journal articles: 'PRC GAAP, IAS/IFRS'

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Liu, Chunhui, Chun Yip Yuen, Lee J. Yao (posthumously), and Siew H. Chan. "Differences in earnings management between firms using US GAAP and IAS/IFRS." Review of Accounting and Finance 13, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-10-2012-0098.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the relatively rules-based US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the more principles-based International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) provide different opportunities for earnings management (EM). Such an examination is critical as the world moves toward principles-based standards. Design/methodology/approach – Financial information for the fiscal years 1999-2004 from the annual reports of firms listed under the Prime Standard on the Germany Frankfurt Stock Exchange is analyzed. Data from the German Frankfurt Stock Exchange are used to resolve the difficulty in comparing accounting standards across different markets and countries with different institutional factors and corporate governance issues. The unique feature of dual listing in the German Frankfurt Stock Exchange allows firms listing shares under the Prime Standard to report in accordance with either the US GAAP or the IAS/IFRS before the IFRS adoption by the European Union in 2005. Strong legal enforcement in Germany ensures that reporting under each standard is in close compliance to the standard under comparison. Extending extant IFRS vs US GAAP EM research with discretionary accruals, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding by also examining EM through deferred tax expense and EM through research and development investment. Findings – The findings reveal that EM through research and development investment is significantly higher for the IAS/IFRS firms. Similar to prior findings, EM through accruals is not found to be significantly different between US GAAP and IAS/IFRS firms. Originality/value – The findings of this study advance the understanding of differences between US GAAP and IFRS with data from Germany where legal enforcement of standards is strong. In particular, this study reveals that principles-based standards with imprecise rules like IAS/IFRS may encourage structured management due to the expectation of error costs and compliance uncertainty. The results inform regulators considering IAS/IFRS adoption. In addition, this research highlights the importance of considering real EM in US GAAP vs IAS/IFRS studies.

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Bohušová, Hana. "General aaproach to the IFRS and US GAAP convergence." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 4 (2011): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040027.

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Two most significant organizations in the field of financial reporting regulation setters in the world – the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have recognized that in order international capital markets to function properly, a single set of high-quality international accounting standards designed especially for listed companies around the world must exist. The effort should be especially aimed at spreading the IFRS around the world and the FASB – IASB Convergence. The most significant difference between the US GAAP and IFRSs is in the area of the general approach. The IFRSs are based on basic accounting principles with limited application guidance, US GAAPs are based especially on rules with specific application guidance. The main objective of this work is to assist in the development of an improved common conceptual framework that provides a sound foundation for developing future accounting standards.The structure of the paper is divided into three parts. The theoretical background presents the historical development of the IAS/IFRS and US GAAP convergence efforts in general. The second part of the paper is aimed at the comparative analysis of conceptual frameworks (the IAS/IFRS and US GAAP). At the end, based on the results of the comparative analysis, the basic principles for a common conceptual framework, which should be applicable, are clarified. The paper uses the standard methods of scientific work. Firstly, the method of description is used to describe the development in the area of IAS/IFRS and US GAAP convergence. Then, a comparative analysis is used to discuss the differences in the position a principles of conceptual frameworks the IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. At the end the method of synthesis, deduction and induction is used.

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Kasztelnik, Karina. "Property, Plant, and Equipment and IFRS Conversion from the U.S. Accounting Perspective—Technical Research Report." International Journal of Accounting and Finance Studies 3, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): p20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ijafs.v3n2p20.

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This article analyzes matters related to IAS 16 Property, Plant, and Equipment from a random selected of the IFRS financial statements, with a particular emphasis on componentization and revaluation assets. There are two fundamental differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP. The first difference is component depreciation required under IFRS. The second part is the option to revalue fixed assets to estimated market value under IFRS. The research has helped U.S. executives understand the complexities of global accounting for PP&E between U.S. GAAP and IFRS and then to know how these differences may potentially impact their multinational organization’s accounting function.

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Haskin, Daniel L., and Teresa E. Haskin. "Hierarchy Of GAAP vs. IFRS The Case Of Bankruptcy Accounting." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 4 (March 21, 2012): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i4.6874.

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With increased movement toward convergence of major accounting principles between U.S. GAAP and IFRS, the issue of which authoritative source should be referenced becomes increasingly important. An important question is: what is the hierarchy of authority for pronouncements and documents under U.S. GAAP and IFRS? FASB Accounting Standards Codification is the single official source ofauthoritative U.S. GAAP. The hierarchy under international standards is less clear. The IASB promulgated a hierarchy in IAS 8, but interpretation concerning many issues is required. There are several issues not addressed at all by IFRS and one of these is bankruptcy accounting. ASC 852 is the guidance for bankruptcy accounting under U.S. GAAP. This study will investigate whether companies in countries which use IFRS are influenced by the guidance of ASC 852 when confronted with bankruptcy. A review of the financial statements of bankrupt companies in countries using or converting to IFRS was conducted into the reporting of reorganization-type bankruptcies.

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Gierusz, Jerzy. "Revenue recognition and measurement in accordance with IFRS 15 and the Polish GAAP – a comparison." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 45, no. 3 (September 12, 2021): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2346.

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Purpose: The aim of this article is to assess the scale of differences between IFRS 15 and Polish GAAP in terms of revenue recognition. Methodology/approach: The methods used include studies of professional articles and legal acts, including the Polish Accounting Act, Polish Accounting Standards and relevant IAS/IFRS. Findings: The research has proven that Polish regulations can be categorised into two seg-ments. The first segment is KSR 15, which, compared to IFRS 15, contains very similar regulations regarding the general criteria for revenue recognition, including time point and measurement basis. The second segment comprises the Polish Accounting Act and KSR 3, which are based on international standards which are already superseded – IAS 11 and IAS 18, which dealt with revenue recognition over time. Practical implications: The article points out the differences between Polish and interna-tional regulation in terms of revenue recognition, which may play an important role for entities changing the basis for preparing their financial statements from Polish GAAP to IFRS. Originality: The article is the first attempt to compare the scale of similarities between the two sets of regulations in terms of revenue measurement and recognition

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Svoboda, P. "Balancing of the chosen intangible fixed assets according to the Czech accounting legislation, German accounting systems and international accounting standards." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, NO. 7 (July 31, 2008): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2708-agricecon.

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The paper deals with the comparison of intangible fixed assets, especially in the area of determination, evaluation as at the date of the accounting transaction, closing date and possibilities of depreciation according to the Czech accounting legislation, the selected German accounting systems and the international accounting standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. An analysis of the selected Czech firms with a varied structure of intangible fixed assets was also performed. The analysis proved that, in spite of the running IAS/IFRS and US GAAP convergence process, there are significant differences in this area, which limit the comparability of financial statements of accounting units. This paper is not concerned in detail with the preference limits and permits for greenhouse gases and intangible assets in acquisition.

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ter Hoeven, Ralph. "De toekomst van IFRS in Europa: gaat de bom vallen?" Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 89, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.89.31275.

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Het is inmiddels 20 jaar geleden dat de Europese Unie een beslissende keuze maakte in het ontwikkelen van een eigen GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles; dus stelsel van accountingregels). De keuze luidde: no, non, nein, não, nej, nee: er zou geen eigen EUGAAP worden ontwikkeld. Wel werd er voorzichtig gewezen op de toenmalige International Accounting Standards (IAS); inmiddels omgedoopt tot International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Kortom Lidstaten werden vrijgelaten in de keuze van een GAAP voor beursgenoteerde ondernemingen en een beetje aangemoedigd om daarbij aan IAS te denken. Vijf jaar later, rond de millenniumwisseling dus, volgde er een update van de Europese accountingstrategie waarin niet geheel verrassend werd geconstateerd dat jaarrekeningen op de EU-kapitaalmarkt niet vergelijkbaar waren.

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Yacyk, Tatyana Valerevna. "ПОРІВНЯННЯ МЕТОДИКИ СКЛАДАННЯ ЗВІТУ ПРО РУХ ГРОШОВИХ КОШТІВ ЗГІДНО З МІЖНАРОДНИМИ СТАНДАРТАМИ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ЗВІТНОСТІ (IFRS/IAS), СТАНДАРТАМИ U.S. GAAP ТА НП(С)БО." Научный взгляд в будущее, no. 05-05 (October 12, 2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/2415-7538.2017-05-05-006.

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У статті наведено порівняльну характеристику методики складання звіту про рух грошових коштів згідно з Міжнародними стандартами фінансової звітності (IFRS / IAS), Системою загальноприйнятих принципів бухгалтерського обліку U.S. GAAP та Національними полож

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Ortega, Xiaoli. "A Review of IFRS and U.S. GAAP Convergence History and Relevant Studies." International Business Research 10, no. 9 (August 1, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n9p31.

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In this paper, I conduct a review of the IFRS and U.S. GAAP convergence history and the related studies. I first review the history of the early accounting standards harmonization efforts in the Europe Union in the 1970s and 1980s. Next, I discuss the modern convergence efforts as well as the voluntary adoption of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) in the 1990s and early 2000s. I then discuss the concurrent global accounting standards convergence efforts from 2002 to present, including the mandatory IFRS adoption in the EU in 2005 and the convergence between the IFRS and U.S. GAAP. As I review the harmonization and convergence efforts over time, I discuss studies related to each stage of the history. I contribute to the accounting literature by providing a historical review of the IFRS-U.S. GAAP convergence process and relevant studies that can be useful for accounting educators and students, researchers, practitioners, and standards setters.

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Collins, Denton L., William R. Pasewark, and Mark E. Riley. "Financial Reporting Outcomes under Rules-Based and Principles-Based Accounting Standards." Accounting Horizons 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 681–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50266.

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SYNOPSIS: This archival study addresses whether the presence or absence of “bright lines” in a lease accounting standard influences the classification of leases as capital or operating. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first archival research to address the association between lease classification decisions and the use of U.S. GAAP and IFRS lease accounting standards. We examine firms' lease classification decisions using 2007–2009 data from a matched sample of members of the Fortune Global 500 that report under U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Consistent with experimental work by Agoglia et al. (2011), we find strong evidence that U.S. GAAP firms using a lease standard containing bright-line guidance (i.e., ASC 840) are more likely to classify leases as operating than IFRS firms adhering to a lease accounting standard that lacks the bright lines of the U.S. standard (i.e., IAS 17). Also consistent with Agoglia et al. (2011), we find little evidence of increased dispersion accompanying financial reporting under IFRS. In fact, we find some evidence suggesting the use of IFRS may actually lead to lower dispersion in reporting outcomes.

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Bohušová, Hana. "IFRS and US GAAP convergence in the area of borrowing costs." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 3 (2009): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957030021.

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An agreement from Norwalk was issued in September 2002 on the basis of negotiations of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) a International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for the elimination of restrictions in the form of two different systems of financial reporting. The aim is to ensure absolute compatibility of existing U.S. GAAP and IFRS and the coordination of work programs in the future. Document Memorandum of Understanding was issued in 2006 in the frame of ongoing process of convergence, in which the FASB and IASB confirm their intention to create high-quality and global financial reporting standards. In this document there are specified areas, which would lead to convergence of procedures.Borrowing costs have been one from the fields, which was the subject of convergence works. U.S. GAAP dictated capitalization of borrowing costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of qualifying assets, while the IAS/IFRS leaved the decision on accounting entities, how it recognize and record borrowing costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of the assets.In the beginning, the method of analysis and description is used to identify and describe the basic difference of both systems, which had existed before the initiation of convergence within the frame of “Borrowing Costs” project. The above mentioned primary analysis has served as the basis for the further comparative analysis and synthesis.The paper further presents comparative analysis of two basic methodical approaches towards the borrowing costs reporting incurred in relation to the acquisition of the qualifying assets, which was possible to apply until 31st Dec 2008 under IFRS system.The comparative analysis is based on empirical company data. The subjects are mainly the differences in the indicators, which are used for the evaluation of the company financial situation. According (Suvova, 1999), mainly the indicators of vertical analysis of property and capital structure and selected ratio indicators of return are used.Short-term project of borrowing costs, whose aim was to unify the reporting of interest on borrowing funds on the side of IASB, was completed in March 2007 by issuing of the revised IAS 23 Borrowing Costs with effect from 1.1. 2009. The paper deals with major changes to IAS 23 occurred in the context of the IASB – Borrowing costs. Elimination of a major difference in the reporting of borrowing costs in the system IAS/IFRS and U.S. GAAP was reached by the revision of IAS 23, however all the existing differences were not removed.

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Reimers, H. K. O. "Saldering van financiële activa en passiva onder IFRS." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 80, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.80.16904.

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Saldering van actief- en passiefposten is onder IAS 32 onder strikte voorwaarden verplicht. Er dient ten eerste een recht tot verrekening aanwezig te zijn en ten tweede moet de intentie bestaan dat recht daadwerkelijk uit te oefenen. Deze voorwaarden worden ook onder US GAAP gesteld, maar US GAAP staat bij het vervullen van de voorwaarden saldering toe. Verrekening is juridisch niet altijd toegestaan, zeker niet in geconsolideerde verhoudingen, en is door de juridische complexiteit soms moeilijk te beoordelen. Het intentievereiste moet worden beoordeeld aan de hand van de uitingen van het management en de omstandigheden. Dit maakt de beoordeling of saldering aan de orde is een juridische exercitie met aan het slot een lastig te objectiveren toetsing.

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Cready, William M. "Discussion of ‘Accounting Premium’ for IAS/IFRS and U.S. GAAP Vis-à-vis German GAAP”." International Journal of Accounting 43, no. 4 (December 2008): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2008.09.006.

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Marsh, Treba, and Mary Fischer. "Accounting For Agricultural Products: US Versus IFRS GAAP." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v11i2.7620.

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Currently there is a mix of accounting guidance for agriculture producers in the US that is both GAAP including Accounting Statement Codification 905 and non-GAAP financial guidelines. Should the US adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), this guidance would be replaced with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41 Agriculture. This study identifies systematic differences between the US and International accounting and reporting for agricultural assets and products. The study also finds that international and US agricultural accounting recognition and reporting guidance result in dissimilar reporting due to guidance interpretation. Valuation variances and definition differences including the requirement to change the agricultural asset recognition method from historical cost to fair value continue to be the basis of major reporting differences. Current US guidance on recognizing and reporting agricultural assets is more conservative than the international guidance. Overall, the US agricultural recognition and reporting guidance contains less information and is therefore less beneficial to financial statement users.

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Bohušová, Hana, and Patrik Svoboda. "IFRS and US GAAP convergence in the area of business combination." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 6 (2008): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856060013.

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The IASB project "Business Combinations" started in 2001. The increase of financial statements quality and international harmonization of business combinations recording were main objectives of this project. The project was divided into two phases. IFRS 3 (2004) Business Combinations" which replaced former IAS 22 was the result of the first phase. Partial harmonization of recording and financial reporting of business combination in Europe and in the USA was the main objective of IFRS 3 (2004). IFRS 3 (2004) is based on SFAS 141 (2001). SFAS 141 (2001) was developed in 2001 and replaced APB (Accounting Principles Board) Opinion No. 16 Business Combinations and SFAS 38. There is the pooling interest method forbidden and only the purchase method is allowed for all kinds of business combinations. Based on the comparison of both methodical approaches to business combinations are demonstrated reasons for refusing of pooling interest method. The second phase is aimed at purchase method application and new methodical approaches to business combination recording and it is the objective of the conclusion of this paper.

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He, Wen, and Chien-Ju Lu. "Why Do Analysts Issue Sales Forecasts? Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption." Accounting Horizons 32, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-51941.

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SYNOPSIS This study uses mandatory adoption of IFRS as a setting to investigate why financial analysts issue supplementary sales forecasts. The demand explanation proposes that analysts issue supplementary forecasts if earnings are not informative and thus investors demand additional accounting information. The reputation explanation posits that analysts are more likely to issue sales forecasts if these forecasts are more accurate and will not cause reputation damage. Using mandatory IFRS adoption as an exogenous shock to analysts' information environment, we find that after firms mandatorily adopt IFRS, analysts are more likely to issue sales forecasts and analysts' sales forecasts become more accurate and less dispersed. The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption is stronger in countries with strong law enforcement and a large difference between local GAAP and IFRS. Further analysis shows that the IFRS effect concentrates on analysts with prior experience with IAS. Overall, the results provide support to the reputation explanation. JEL Classifications: G15; G18; M41.

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Braun, Gary, and Ramon P. Rodriguez, Jr. "Using Gray’s (1988) Accounting Values to Explain Differing Levels of Implementation of IFRS." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 1, no. 1 (August 6, 2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v4i2.6031.

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We examine the effect of measurement and disclosure related accounting values on the level of use of IFRS in 42 countries. The decision to undertake the cost associated with replacing current domestic GAAP with a set of foreign constructed accounting standards must be justified with many benefits. These benefits, such as high quality financial statements and increased transparency, are valued differently by countries with differing accounting values. We find empirical support for the hesitancy of countries that value conservatism and secrecy to fully implement IFRS. As an additional test, we use recent data gathered from the IAS Plus website. This more recent test of the effect of measurement and disclosure related accounting values on the level of use of IFRS failed to empirically support the hesitancy of countries that value conservatism and secrecy to require or allow the use of IFRS.

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Bohušová, Hana. "Development of the common standard for revenue recording as a part of the US GAAP and IAS/IFRS systems convergence." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 6 (2009): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957060029.

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The most significant difference between US GAAP and IFRSs is in the area of general approach. IFRSs are based on basic accounting principles1 with limited application guidance, US GAAPs are based especially on rules with specific application guidance. FASB and IASB initiated their joint project on revenue recording to converge IFRS and US GAAP in this area. The main objective of this paper is comparative analysis of revenue recognition under both systems, evaluation of the most significant differences in revenue recognition and measurements as a starting point for the preparation of the new general standard for revenue recognition and the new approach to the revenue recognition development.In this paper, the current approaches to revenue recognition under both systems are compared. The most significant difference is the general approach to revenue recognition. There is the Conceptual Framework where revenue is defined, two standards on revenue recognition and interpretations concerning revenue recognition and measurement in the IAS/IFRS. On the other hand, there are many standards and guidance concerning revenue in the US GAAP. Revenue is defined in the Statements of Financial Accounting concepts (CON 5, CON 6). There is not any general standard for revenue recognition under the US GAAP. The most significant differences in revenue recognition concern the long-term contracts and deferred payments. Despite this difference, there are many similarities between both systems.Based on the results of the comparative analysis which was done in the paper, a new approach for revenue recognition based on principles for the new general standard for revenue recognition common for both systems is being developed.

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Макарович, В. К. "КОНСЕРВАТИЗМ ОБЛІКОВИХ СТАНДАРТІВ В ЧАСТИНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ТА РОЗРОБОК ПІДПРИЄМСТВ." Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету. Серія «Економіка», no. 2(60) (November 3, 2022): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2409-6857.2022.2(60).138-146.

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Розглянуто необхідність побудови класифікації облікових систем за рівнем їх консервативності /прогресивності. Обґрунтовано необхідність мінімізації облікового консерватизму в частині досліджень тарозробок підприємств. Проаналізовано сутність безумовного облікового консерватизму на рівні суб’єктіврозробки систем облікових стандартів та на рівні реалізації професійного судження бухгалтера.Розглянуто негативні наслідки застосування безумовного облікового консерватизму в частині дослідженьта розробок підприємств. Розкрито приклади застосування облікового консерватизму в частинідосліджень та розробок підприємств в міжнародних та національній системі обліку. Розробленокласифікацію підходів до бухгалтерського обліку інноваційної діяльності підприємства за рівнемконсервативності / прогресивності. Проаналізовано особливості реалізації консервативного підходу вчастині досліджень та розробок в міжнародних (IAS/IFRS, GAAP US, GAAP UK) та національних (П(С)БО)системах облікових стандартів. Виявлено переваги та недоліки кожної з проаналізованих систем щодоможливості надання релевантної облікової інформації в частині досліджень та розробок підприємства

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Ernstberger, Jürgen, and Oliver Vogler. "Analyzing the German accounting triad — “Accounting Premium” for IAS/IFRS and U.S. GAAP vis-à-vis German GAAP?" International Journal of Accounting 43, no. 4 (December 2008): 339–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2008.09.008.

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MYSAKA, Ganna, and Ivan DERUN. "INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DATA ON FORMATION OF THE COMPANY’S MARKET VALUE." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 5 (May 10, 2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.05.035.

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One of the sources of information used in the process of making managerial decisions is public financial reporting of corporations. On its basis, the company’s financial condition, business reputation and investment attractiveness are assessed. Indicator of the latter is result of a comparison of the market value of the company with its estimate, which is presented in financial statements. Since, with the help of existing accounting methods, it is not possible to adequately form information on market value in financial statements, the effectiveness of investment decision depends essentially on a model used to evaluate the components when preparing the financial statements. To determine the influence of financial reporting indicators on the market value of the company, financial statements of 44 transnational corporations reporting by IFRS / IAS (19 enterprises) and by US GAAP (25 enterprises) in 2014–2016 were researched using the multi-factor regression with panel data. The authors found that, depending on the financial reporting framework (US GAAP or IFRS / IAS), the market value of the company is sensitive to various indicators presented in its reporting. The article substantiates the assumption that this is due to different degrees of application of the model of objects valuation at fair value within the specified accounting systems. The authors conclude that extended application in the current accounting of asset valuation at fair value increases the informational value of financial statements of issuers of securities for professional stock market participants.

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Daneberg, Thais, and Roberto Frota Decourt. "Impactos da adoção das international financial reporting standards (IFRS) nos indicadores econômico-financeiros de instituições financeiras brasileiras." Revista Contemporânea de Contabilidade 18, no. 46 (January 25, 2021): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2021.e65790.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar os impactos da adoção das IFRS (IAS 7, IAS 19, IAS 32 e IAS 39) nos indicadores econômico-financeiros de instituições financeiras brasileiras, por meio dos indicadores de solvência, estrutura patrimonial e de captação, e de rentabilidade. O método utilizado foi comparar os resultados referentes ao ano de 2009 e que tiveram suas demonstrações financeiras publicadas de acordo com as normas BR GAAP e IFRS. Foram comparadas as médias de cada um dos indicadores econômico-financeiros, calculados em ambos os padrões contábeis e para identificar se as diferenças encontradas eram significativas foi aplicado o teste Mann Whitney. Como teste de robustez foram comparadas as proporções de variações positivas e negativas dos indicadores analisados e para identificar se as diferenças eram significativas foi aplicado o teste chi-quadrado. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o ajuste ao valor recuperável de empréstimos e adiantamentos e o ajuste ao valor justo de ativos financeiros influenciaram para que a carteira de crédito e o patrimônio líquido das instituições financeiras analisadas apresentassem de maneira geral valores maiores quando demonstradas em IFRS, o que elevou os indicadores Independência Financeira; Empréstimos/Depósitos e reduziu os indicadores Alavancagem; Participação dos Empréstimos; Retorno sobre o Patrimônio Líquido. Não foi possível constatar nenhuma diferença significativa, provavelmente devido a pequena amostra trabalhada. Esta pesquisa pretende ter contribuído para aprimorar o entendimento dos impactos do processo de convergência da contabilidade das instituições financeiras brasileiras, que por muitas vezes são excluídas das pesquisas por suas particularidades, para o padrão internacional; bem como, para auxiliar os gestores de negócios e os usuários da informação financeira, especialmente aqueles oriundos do mercado de capitais, as autoridades reguladoras e a academia.

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Fera, Pietro. "The Impact of Voluntary and Mandatory IAS/IFRS Adoption: A Review." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 10 (September 18, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n10p69.

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Several studies examined the capital market effects and the impact on accounting quality after the mandatory IAS/IFRS adoption. Two different approaches have been widely adopted: the pro-standard and the pro-incentive. According to the former, the IAS/IFRS standards have a positive impact as a result of their higher quality, compared to local GAAP. On the other hand, the pro-incentive approach emphasizes the importance of incentives, especially ones related to the institutional settings, and predicts greater effects in countries characterized by strong legal systems and effective enforcement mechanisms. The most recent empirical evidence seems to support the pro-incentive approach. This literature review underlines the evolution of this research stream, stressing the different used approaches, in order to explain their mixed results, and trying to explain the implied reasons why recent papers move to a different approach which seems to provide a finer and more dynamic interpretation of the pro-incentive hypothesis, weakening the presumed influence of the preexisting legal systems and underlining the role played by firms’ incentives <em>per se</em> and by changes in enforcement mechanisms.

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Rossetti, Silvia, and Roberto Verona. "International Differences in IFRS Policy Choice and the Persistence of Accounting Classification: The Case of China." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n2p27.

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This paper focuses on the application of IFRS standards in China. The research is mainly conducted on the basis of Kvaal and Nobes’s studies (2010) regarding the different ways that various countries apply IFRS and Nobes’s IFRS accounting classification system (2011). For companies that issued B shares, the use of IFRS in China lasted only until the 2006 ASBE (Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises) reform. The present study examines IFRS overt options in an attempt to 1) review the choices made by Chinese companies to discover – in light of the applicable PRC GAAP (Chinese Local Standards) requirement of that time – whether they were more or less likely to choose an option than the other countries analysed by Nobes & Kvaal; 2) rank China’s place within Nobes’s accounting classification system; and 3) rank China’ place, again in the Nobes’s model but also in light of a recent study based on BRICS (Note 1)countries (Sarquis, et al. 2014). The results of the statistical analysis confirm that Chinese financial statements display a “local” nature in their use of IFRS and that in its accounting tendencies, China belongs to the Continental European group rather than with the other BRICS countries.

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Backhuijs, J. B., and Chris Knoops. "Keuzes en alternatieven in de presentaties van de primaire overzichten onder IFRS." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 85, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.85.13892.

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In IAS 1 ‘Presentatie van de jaarrekening’ wordt ingegaan op de zogenoemde primaire overzichten van de jaarrekening: de balans, de winst-en-verliesrekening (met al dan niet de overige resultaten als een afzonderlijk primair overzicht), het kasstroomoverzicht en het overzicht van de mutaties in het eigen vermogen. De standaard stelt een aantal eisen maar biedt anderzijds ook vrijheid van handelen door ondernemingen. Wij onderzoeken de jaarverslagen van 97 ondernemingen die genoteerd staan in de FTSE 100, en de keuzes die door deze ondernemingen zijn gemaakt. Wij analyseren op een aantal punten de invloed van het land van herkomst van de onderneming en de bedrijfstak waarin de onderneming werkzaam is. Ten aanzien van non-GAAP financial measures wordt geconcludeerd dat sprake is van een grote mate van diversiteit.

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Krupová, Lenka. "Analysis of the structure of the financial statement - Balance Sheet - U.S. GAAP and IAS (IFRS)." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.245.

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Kalinowski, Jacek. "Project management and presentation of information in financial statements - company performance measurement or project performance measurement." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 13, no. 3 (December 16, 2010): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-009-0036-1.

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Realization of projects is such form of operation which in the recent years – in the age of globalization of economy and growing competition – has become more and more significant, both in Poland and worldwide. The value and the number of projects realized are gradually growing and include not only the branches traditionally related to such form of operation (e.g. construction and IT industry) but in practice all fields of our life. A necessary element that determines the success of project realization is timely information which also needs to be reliable and useful. The source of such information is the accounting system composed of two subsystems: financial accounting (focused on the external recipient of the information) and management accounting (providing information to internal recipients). One of the basic determinants of creating information for external recipients (such as investors, banks, insurance companies, treasuryadministration organs etc.) is comparability. Keeping it influences the quality of information regarding project activity taken from financial reports created according to the selected regulations of accounting (e.g. IAS/IFRS, US GAAP and the PL GAAP). The aim of the article is to draw the attention to the problems related tothe presentation of the operational result in case of companies realizing projects contained in a financial report. The article is of discursive nature since the issues that it deals with usually depend on what given solution is selected bya unit in question. Moreover, some of the areas are subject to detailed regulations of the balance law (both domestically – the Act on Accounting and PL GAAP No. 3, and internationally – AS/IFRS). However, their applicationmay lead to ‘blurring’ a realistic and true picture of the capital and financialsituation of a company realizing long-term projects.

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Pazarskis, Michail, Andreas Koutoupis, George Drogalas, and Konstantinos Tsakiris. "The adoption of IFRS in publicly listed enterprises of high and medium capitalization and the impact of the size of the audit firm in Greece." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 4 (2014): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i4c7p13.

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In 2002, developments in the global markets during the past decades have highlighted the need for common accounting standards among companies all around the world so as the financial statements to be comparable. From 2005 onwards the Greek Companies listed on the Athens Exchange was an accounting “revolution” of the 21st century, given the difference in philosophy between the Greek GAAP and the International Accounting Standards-IAS (next, IFRS). This study evaluates the implementation of IFRS on the financial statements of Greek publicly listed companies of high and medium capitalization, which are companies that are included in the FTSE 20 and FTSE 40 indexes of the Athens Stock Exchange-ASE, respectively. Also, for those firms we examined the effect of the size of the audit firm. The research was conducted based on the analysis of thirteen ratios. According to our analysis only few of the ratios have changed significantly. Finally, regarding the impact of the size of the audit firm the results reveal controversy with the present bibliography concerning “Big 4” in comparison with “non-Big 4” firms in Greece

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Ernstberger, Jürgen, and Oliver Vogler. "Reply to the discussion of “Analyzing the German Accounting Triad — ‘Accounting Premium’ for IAS/IFRS and U.S. GAAP Vis-à-vis German GAAP?" International Journal of Accounting 43, no. 4 (December 2008): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2008.09.002.

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Mansouri, Nader. "Les déterminants de la gestion des provisions (PRC) après l’adoption des normes IAS/IFRS en France." Question(s) de management 12, no. 1 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/qdm.161.0025.

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Dewi, Raden Rosiyana, and Reslini Femila. "Perbedaan Kinerja Keuangan Dan Relevansi Nilai Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penerapan Konvergensi Psak Ke Ifrs Studi Pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia." JURNAL INFORMASI, PERPAJAKAN, AKUNTANSI, DAN KEUANGAN PUBLIK 7, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jipak.v7i2.4500.

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<p class="Style1">The purpose of this study to examine whether there are differences in the increase or decrease the impact of the third application of IFRS adoption of SFAS IA1 has issued the applicable date of January 1, 2008, the PSAK 13 on Investment Property, PSAK 16 on Fixed Assets, and PSAK 30 of the Lease, the companies are already applying IAS adoption. Tests conducted on the influence of the application of the convegence offinancial performance, as seen from the company's size, activity, Solvency, Growth, Profitability, and Investment Company performance. And Testing the influence of convergence on the value relevance of financial information of the relevance value of the company seen net income and equity book value to price shares of the company. Thesis inconnection with GAAP to IFRS convergence series launched by IAI in 2008. The research was carried out on non-financial companies listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia (BEI) and using secondary data derived from the financial report and the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) in the period 2006-2010. Authors obtain the 36 companies selected as the study sample.</p>

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Svoboda, Patrik. "Reporting of tangible fixed assets pursuant to the Czech accounting law and International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 6 (2007): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755060255.

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The valuation of assets is a relatively challenging activity as well as a scientific discipline having an impact on the amount of the reported assets and economic result process. The report deals with the issue of valuation of the tangible fixed assets in the accounting entities compiling the financial statements pursuant to the Czech national legislation and in conformity with the requirements of the International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. The substantial differences in the definitions and valuation of the tangible fixed assets in these systems have been determined, indicating the impact on the economy of the accounting entity, both at the primary acquisition and as at the day of the closing of books. Attention has also been paid to the possibilities of recording the value decreases and to subsequent expenses. The analysis of legal regulations was completed with the analysis of the financial statements from selected economic entities. As per the international standards, the main difference consists in the possibility of component depreciation of tangible assets or, on the other hand, the possibility of group depreciation, in the differences in valuation in the event of acquisition paid for and of acquisition by one’s own production, and in the possibility to consider the costs of disposal of assets. The subsequent expenses are also construed in a different manner: as per the Czech regulation, they are construed as repairs and maintenance. The substantial difference in comparison with the Czech regulation consists in the possibility of re-valuation of assets upwards as well as the method of actual value determination.

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Bohušová, Hana. "Is Capitalization of Operating Lease Way to Increase of Comparability of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with IFRS and US GAAP?" Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 2 (2015): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563020507.

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The paper is concerned with an evaluation of possibilities of companies using operating lease and prepared financial statements under IFRS or US GAAP comparison. The data of non-financial companies listed on the Prague Stock Exchange and reporting information on operating lease in accordance with IAS 17 are used. The study presents the impact of operating lease capitalization on companies’ financial statements and financial analysis ratios. The results show a negative impact of operating lease capitalization on financial analysis ratios. The study was motivated by a common effort of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to develop the common standard for Lease reporting. In 2013, a joint exposure dra of standard (ED2013/6) Leases was published. Under the new standard, it is required to capitalize all lease agreements over one year. The distinction between operating leases and finance leases should not exist anymore. The study was carried out to demonstrate the potential impact resulting from the proposed adoption of the new accounting standard concerning mandatory capitalization of all lease contracts.

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Fera, Pietro. "The effectiveness of the matching principle in different financial reporting systems and its impact on the quality of earnings." Corporate Ownership and Control 16, no. 3 (2019): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv16i3art11.

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In the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in the fundamentals of accounting, highlighting a considerable downward trend in the effectiveness of the matching process. Therefore, this study analyses how changes to the financial reporting system (revenue/expense vs. asset/liability) affect the degree of matching and assesses the relationship between the latter and the quality of accounting numbers. Focusing on private firms in the Italian institutional settings, this paper highlights how the switch from a revenue/expense model (as proxied by the Italian GAAP) to an asset/liability approach (as proxied by the IAS/IFRS) has clearly worsened the level of matching between current revenue and expenses. Moreover, this study analyses if quality of the accounting numbers is systematically influenced by the degree of matching effectiveness through a direct correlation and highlights that the degree of matching is positively related to the predictability and persistence of earnings, while having a negative correlation with earnings volatility. This stresses the positive impact of such basic reporting processes on the quality of accounting numbers. These findings are particularly relevant for regulators, standard setters and academics, since they provide further insights for the debate on the accounting harmonisation process and represent an additional call for further research into this topic.

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Kovanicová, Dana. "The analysis of the elements constituting the operating, financial and other components result of economic activity for the period under U.S. GAAP and IAS / IFRS." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.248.

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36

Backhuijs, Jan, Barend Spanjers, and Frans van der Wel. "Goodwill en andere immateriële vaste activa zonder bepaalde levensduur in relatie tot informatie over het (eigen) vermogen van ondernemingen." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 92, no. 11/12 (December 10, 2018): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.92.29559.

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Dit artikel bespreekt goodwill en andere immateriële vaste activa zonder bepaalde levensduur in relatie tot informatieverschaffing in de jaarrekening over het vermogen van de onderneming. Dit is van belang omdat de boekwaarden van deze activa op basis van IFRS uitsluitend via een impairmenttest al dan niet verminderen (anders dan op basis van Dutch GAAP) en als gevolg van deze specifieke verwerking van bijzondere betekenis kunnen zijn voor de in de jaarrekening opgenomen vermogenspositie. Uit het empirisch onderzoek blijkt dat de omvang van goodwill in relatie tot de omvang van het groepsvermogen in met name de jaarrekeningen van de grootste Europese beursfondsen veel hoger is dan in de jaarrekeningen van de grootste Nederlandse beursfondsen en vooral ten opzichte van niet-beursgenoteerde Nederlandse ondernemingen. Impairments doen zich in 2017 nauwelijks voor. Ten aanzien van de relatie met de financiering komt naar voren dat de grootste Nederlandse beursfondsen en niet-beursgenoteerde Nederlandse ondernemingen meer informatie geven over de bankconvenanten dan de grootste Europese beursfondsen. Anders dan verwacht blijkt dat over kapitaalmanagement (in de zin van IAS 1.134 e.v.) juist ondernemingen met een relatief lage verhouding van geactiveerde goodwill ten opzichte van het groepsvermogen meer informatie geven. Al met al zijn er in de jaarrekeningen geen sterke verbanden aangetroffen tussen de omvang van de geactiveerde goodwill, de hypothetische impact van het afschrijven van goodwill op het resultaat en de vermogensinformatie. Veel druk om tot wijziging van de regelgeving te komen lijkt er niet te zijn.

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Svoboda, P. "Valuation of tangible fixed assets pursuant to the Czech accounting law and international accounting standards." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 10 (January 7, 2008): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/927-agricecon.

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The valuation of assets is a relatively challenging activity as well as a scientific discipline having an impact on the amount of the reported assets and economic result process. The report deals with the issue of valuation of the tangible fixed assets in the accounting entities compiling the financial statements pursuant to the Czech national legislation and in conformity with the requirements of the International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. The substantial differences in the definitions and valuation of the tangible fixed assets in these systems have been determined, indicating the impact on the economy of the accounting entity, both at the primary acquisition and as at the day of the closing of books. Attention has also been paid to the possibilities of recording the value decreases and to subsequent expenses. The analysis of legal regulations was completed with the analysis of the financial statements from selected economic entities. As per the international standards, the main difference consists in the possibility of component depreciation of tangible assets or, on the other hand, the possibility of group depreciation, in the differences in valuation in the event of acquisition paid for and of acquisition by one’s own production and in the possibility to consider the costs of disposal of assets. The subsequent expenses are also construed in a different manner: as per the Czech regulation, they are construed as repairs and maintenance. The substantial difference in comparison with the Czech regulation consists in the possibility of re-valuation of assets upwards as well as the method of actual value determination.

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Novotná, Markéta. "The criteria that can be applied to the breakdown of equity components constituting the estate of the company - intangible and tangible assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IAS / IFRS." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.252.

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Stoica, Dragos Andrei. "General Opinions about the Adoption of IAS/IFRS in Romania." Romanian Economic Journal, no. 82 (December 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/rej/2021/82/11.

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IAS/IFRS represent a set of global accounting standards that have gained a tremendous influence over national standards, regulations and organisations all across the globe. Romania’s argument for being an interesting research case is given mainly by its longer experience with the standards over other countries in the region. Through this study, my aim is to highlight the arguments in favour of IAS/IFRS over the national GAAP by conducting a survey, addressed to the employees of the biggest 7 accounting firms in Romania.

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Hu, Dan. "The Usefulness of Financial Statements Under Chinese GAAP vs. IAS: Evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange in PRC." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.314001.

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Laghi, Enrico, Michele Di Marcantonio, Valentina Cillo, and Niccolo Paoloni. "The relational side of intellectual capital: an empirical study on brand value evaluation and financial performance." Journal of Intellectual Capital ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (December 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-05-2020-0167.

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PurposeThis study aims to validate a direct method to measure relational capital through the estimation of corporate brands. Considering the influence of relational capital management in leading performance and brand development, we consider brand value as a proxy for relational capital. The main research goal is to extend the previous literature on intellectual capital, financial performance and brand management by elaborating and testing an original approach for valuating corporate brands using regression analysis on multiples based on firm-specific accounting data and market information.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose two econometric models, for both listed and non-listed companies, which consider brand valuations made by primary consulting entities (Interbrand, Brand Finance, BrandZ, European Brand Institute) and multiples derived from accounting and market data of firms. Models were tested on a sample of nonfinancial firms for the period from 2006 to 2019, distinguishing between IAS/IFRS-based and US GAAP-based reporting standards.FindingsThe empirical results show that the identified set of market and accounting multiples proved to be significant information for estimating the value of brands within the IAS/IFRS framework, while a lower explanatory power was assessed for US GAAP firms. Furthermore, the empirical evidence confirm that the direct, relative approach based on multiples is more accurate for valuating listed firms than non-listed firms. Robustness analysis demonstrates that findings do not change significantly when the reference datasets and the main assumptions of the models are altered.Research limitations/implicationsThe statistical significance of the analysis is limited by the non-objective nature of brand value estimates. The use of additional sources for brand valuations might allow for the further assessment of the robustness of the relationships identified.Practical implicationsDue to their efficacy and ease of use, the proposed models represent valid practical tools for managers, investors, analysts and professional evaluators.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the existing literature through the identification of significant, stable relationships between brand values and the main economic, financial and asset characteristics of firms; the identification of those relationships would allow for the extension of the multiples approach also to the evaluation of brands.

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Cready, William M. "Discussion of Analyzing the German Accounting Triad with an Enhanced Multifactor Model - 'Accounting Premium' for IAS/IFRS and U.S. GAAP Vis-À-Vis German GAAP." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1108207.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PRC GAAP, IAS/IFRS'

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