Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pratiques de la description'
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Skaf, Bariaa. "Variantes graphiques numériques dans le contexte libanais : Description sociolinguistique des pratiques et des représentations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL006/document.
Full textThe digital and multimedia technologies favor, in various sociolinguistic contexts, the emergency of written communication modes presenting linguistic and graphic specificities (Crystal, 2001) that we name, in our research, digital graphic variants (VGN). The electronic written exchanges that we are studying were conducted by writers from different age groups (pre-teens, adolescents, young adults students, and adults from 28 to 63 years old). All these writers mainly use the Lebanese dialect; they transliterate it through the means of Latin graphemes and add numbers to transcribe Arabic phonemes that have no match in this writing system. They enrich their instant multilingual messages by using abbreviations, acronyms, phonetic-based rebuses and many other graphic process that mimic orals. They share the same code, that of written, but their electronic exchanges are conducted in a form that evokes the spontaneous oral, as it has already been shown by Anis (1999). They use different means to compensate the lack of multimodality, which is known to be so relevant for face-to-face interaction.Due to the trilingualism of the Lebanese context, these digital usages are also associated with multilingual practices (Lüdi and Py 2002,) or translanguaging (Garcia, 2009). We also analyze the implications and modalities of contact between Arabic, French and English.In parallel with these formal descriptions, we are provide new descriptions of wide range of contexts and modalities of the use of VGN in the north of Lebanon. This study shows the distribution of VGN and forms of contact in different types of writing such as digital and non-digital messages, private and public, synchronous and asynchronous, formal and informal on Facebook. We complete these exchange analyzes with student writings, done by 13 students attending private and public schools and universities. These last writings show the diffusion of the VGN from the electronic communication towards the paper writings for private use.Our open corpus finally includes different kinds of public writing as signs and menus of restaurants and sidewalk cafes, commercials, screen shots, Lebanese singers' song titles, Lebanese channel television programs, Lebanese textbooks, a novel, press articles and also photos taken in a public garden and in a public school. Our dissertation demonstrates that VGN have gained significant visibility in Lebanese society, becoming, as Henri Boyer (1997) writes, “a linguistic object under the scope of the media”, and that they are now widespread regardless of the media. These VGN testify a mode of vernacular writing recognized and used by the Lebanese society in contexts other than digital. Thus, our survey shows that VGN are no longer limited to adolescents and youth who initially used them, but include all age groups. They are now a means of communication sought to reach a wider audience.We also conducted a questionnaire survey of script writers who provided digital and / or non-digital messages, and teachers and professors from the public and private sectors facing VGN. These questionnaires were supplemented by interviews with 11 writers belonging to different age group. This survey allowed us to study the representations and attitudes of the writers, users or not of the digital tools, users or not VGN. This reveals the importance of the interindividual and situational variation and the ambivalent representations that the Lebanese have of these VGN
Barbeau, Brunelle Émilie. "Description du sens que donnent les enseignantes et les enseignants du secondaire à leurs pratiques d’enseignement de la grammaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10622.
Full textSémidor, Pierre. "La genèse orthographique chez l'élève de cours préparatoire : description de la langue et pratiques d'enseignement." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0328/document.
Full textOur research about orthographic genesis is descriptive andpraxeologic. Semiographic phenomena contribute to opacify the phonographicprinciple and to autonomize writing. So we interrogate phonocentric approachesof orthography. We show that among the four linguistic descriptions presentbetween 1967 and 1988, only one is being used in didactics today. Because ofits phonocentrism, it is in accordance with child awareness practices asstipulated in the Rouchette plan and with consecutive approaches of syllabicreading methods and traditionnel grammar teaching. We postulate thatorthography development may have provoked an epistemologistic breach. It isour opinion that this breach could be an obstacle as for teaching.In order to question the articulation between individual development and sociallearning conditions, the concept of habitus is integrated in the framework ofeducational discursive communities. We believe that orthographic schematadevelopment is correlated with the reading and writing practices proposed topupils. The setting up of recurrent and prolonged phonographic scripturalactivity may immobilise schemata linked to the phonic-graphic conversion.We observe how teachers in the first year of primary school institute anorthographic scriptural educational discursive community focalising activity onwords and initiating the orthographic genesis by bringing value to orthographicmanners brought about by the distinctive heterographic principle. The pupils,observed for two years, appropriate the proposed patterns about word's usage.The orthographic secondarisation of their scriptural primary habitus ischaracterised by the emergence of dispositions accorded to the rule oforthographic writing
Cailly, Charlène. "La contribution des assistantes maternelles au développement psychoaffectif du jeune enfant : Description et analyse clinique de pratiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3075.
Full textThe purpose of the study is to shed light on the unknown contribution of the childminders in the psycho-emotional development of young children. Our goal was to highlight the development of « intelligence at work » (C. Dejours, 1993) of the childminders from a paradigm of « ergology clinic » (Y. Clot, 1999). For this, we asked three working hypotheses : 1) the childminders develop a secondary intelligence at work experience in the « functions of mothering » (D.W. Winnicott, 1969). 2) The nurses develop a secondary intelligence at work experience in the « paternal function » (F. Dolto, 1984). 3) The childminders develop a secondary intelligence at work experience in the form of « defensive strategies » (C. Dejours, 1993; P. Molinier, 2006). The population was incorporated into 2 groups : 3 childminders « novices » and 3 childminders « expert ». The methodology consisted of a qualitative method of data collection (semi-structured interviews with « instruct the double » and « self-confrontation cross ») and a qualitative method of data processing (clinical thematic analysis and analysis of the linguistic utterance). This analysis was used to validate the research hypotheses and identify the qualities, knowhow, skills and defensive strategies leading to efficiency in working with young children
Duguet, Amélie. "Les pratiques pédagogiques en première année universitaire : description et analyse de leurs implications sur la scolarité des étudiants." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL030/document.
Full textIn France, there is little research on university teaching and focusing specifically on teaching practices. This present research aims to explore this concept in two different ways. The first part focuses on the description of the practices implemented by teachers during first-year university lectures. Using in situ observation of lecture practices of 49 teachers from five programmes, we first show that teachers’ practices mostly rely on traditional methods as defined by Bru (2006). However, we show a variety of practices among teachers. The second part of this research updates our knowledge of the implications of these practices on student studies. 734 freshmen from these sectors were interviewed by questionnaire. We see first that the " declared practices " by the students, or in other words the opinion that they have of teaching practices, particularly affect their motivation, while the effect on ways of studying is nonexistent all things being equal. In comparison to other variables, such as those related to educational background of the individual, they have in addition a relatively moderate impact on the average score of the exam first and second semester and the likelihood of passing the year. However, the motivation appears to be a mediator of the effect of "declared" on study practices and success. In addition, we look at the effect of "observed" practices, ie effectively implemented by teachers on student studies. These play a significant direct role in explaining study practices and student success, but they have no effect on motivation
Nekkar, François. "L'action ludique dans les pratiques d'enseignement ? : le cas de la description d'images en cours de français au collège." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0446.
Full textPlay has always been part of the education of the child, and although play and learning activities have far-reaching aims (pleasure for one, knowledge for the other), we show possibilities for a school learning activity to be playful. To do this, our methodology, based on the didactic joint action concept, put in perspective the learning during the game : a pupil of 5th class describes a hidden image to the other pupils who draw it to guess it ; that is the goal of the game and the purpose of teaching-learning. Starting from this double play / learning issue, we model some conditions of possibilities for a teaching-learning knowledge activity to be playful, which abounds in the sense of a potential space of development-learning of the game in school context
Lapeyre, Françoise. "Pratique langagière et culture enfantine : éléments de description." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL010.
Full textThis study is a textual analysis of the socio linguistic variation in the conversation of nine year olds with an adult. Six of the children belong to lower classes and six to middle or upper classes. As far as the syntactical organisation of the sentence is concerned, the two groups of texts are very closely related. However, if one considers conversational behavior, a strongly structured variation appears which associates the length of the turns and the way the text is constructed : the frequency and the position of cohesive elements, the alternation of narrative and commentative tenses, the type of conjunction used, and the selection of personal pronouns evolve interdependantly. The correlation between the child'social background and the type of text he produces leads us to conclude that linguistic variation depends on the status the child gives himself in an exchange with an adult and how he deals with conflictual relationships in class-room interactions
Lapeyre, Françoise. "Pratique langagière et culture enfantine éléments de description." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599398m.
Full textGreco, Luca. "Interaction, contexte et cognition : les pratiques de description et de catégorisation de la douleur dans les appels au 15." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0090.
Full textThe object of our study is constituted by practices of description and categorization of pain in calls to emergency assistance (15 , Samu 78). The aim of our research is to take in account discursive resources employed by participants (caller, patient, call-taker, doctor) in order to construct an experience : a pain. Therefore, we are interested in socio-cognitive aspects concerning verbalization of a sensorial data and in referential practices emerging in talk-in-interaction. In order to do that, we have studied sequential organization of emergency calls (part II) and categorization practices emerging by the actions of the participants to the interaction (part III). We have used a pluridisciplinary approach : Conversation Analysis, Ethnography and Situated Cognition
BOUISSOU, PIERRE. "Le pansement : aspects descriptifs, juridiques, pratiques et budgetaires." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6532.
Full textDion, Damien. "Récits, fictions, descriptions : l'ekphrasis comme pratique artistique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H315.
Full textEkphrasis is traditionally defined as the verbal description of a real or fictional artistic object. Thus it is representative of a phenomenon of interference between the factual and the fictional, but also between the verbal and the visual. It is in particular with the development of artistic approaches that emerge in the 1960s that a veritable linguistic and narrative turn of art will take place where the work, its documentation, its commentary or its narrative will cross, melt together sometimes, to see emerging hybrid entities, sometimes ambiguous. Moreover, the strategies of discourse, commentary and narrative by the artists on their own work are part of an artist’s desire to reappropriate the discourse on art. It is from the 1950s that what Jean-Marc Poinsot calls authorized narratives, that is to say, these dis-courses whose artists accompany their aesthetic performances, forms of comments by the artist, wish to give himself the keys to reading his own work. The discourse on art thus tends to be confused with a discourse of art, to the point of being sometimes integrated into the practice itself. Rethinking ekphrasis by means of these notions allows us to study artistic practices that deliberately blur the lines between art, paratext and context, and generate fictions. Thus, this question of artistic fiction will be developed, particularly in its capacity to spread itself in the real through the use of metalepse, a figure of speech that transgresses the moving boundary between two worlds: the one where we tell and the one that we tell
Nogueira, Terrones Hugo. "L'utilisation du réseau internet dans les pratiques de l'analyse sensorielle descriptive." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF22191.
Full textMahboubi, Amel. "Pratiques de soin dans le cancer colorectal : approche descriptive et intérêt de différents modèles de survie pour l'étude des pratiques diagnostiques et thérapeutiques." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOMU14.
Full textThe need of evaluating health care practices has begun in the 80’s and has led to establishment of several agencies of evaluation. This work focused on two different approaches to evaluate care practices in colorectal cancer. The first approach is based on descriptive epidemiology methods. It concerns the respective places of several practitioners in the health care system. In this work, we studied, on a registry-based population, the respective places of general practitioners and gastroenterologists in the follow-up of patients resected with curative intent. This study emphasized that the places of general practitioners and gastroenterologists are complementary in clinical follow-up and in prescription of surveillance tests recommended by the consensus workshop of 1998. The second approach is based on survival of cancer. Indeed, estimations of survival allow evaluating the impact of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic management care of cancers, and through a better knowledge of prognostic factors, may lead to improvements. In this work, we have developed and implemented a new relative survival model which estimates the effects of continuous prognostic factors avoiding the assumptions of proportionality and log-linearity of current models. Indeed, these hypotheses are rarely verified in oncology. This flexible modelisation, using B-splines, of prognostic factor effects allowed re-assessing both the effect of age and of period of diagnosis on the colon cancer-related mortality. Key-words: Care practices, colorectal cancer, general practitioner, gastroenterologist, relative survival, the proportional hazard hypothesis, log linearity hypothesis
Cabelguenne, Delphine. "Mise au point d'un outil de formation des infirmières pour le bon usage du nécessaire à perfusion à l'hôpital : contributions de la théorie des représentations sociales à la description des pratiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T244.
Full textMoreau, Daniel. "L’enseignement de l’histoire et l’apprentissage de la pensée historique : Description des fondements et des pratiques d’enseignants d’histoire de troisième et quatrième années du secondaire, des écoles francophones du Québec." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8943.
Full textKasazian, Émilie. "Pratiques d’enseignement et descriptions grammaticales des langues étrangères dans le contexte scolaire. Le cas de l’Angleterre." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA096.
Full textThis doctoral research work is embedded in the field of applied linguistics but it is also based on Educational Sciences research. Its main goal is to study grammar teaching practices in the school context of England. The specificity of this field lies in the fact that learners are only slightly exposed to explicit grammar learning during primary school. Therefore, they are trained to think about language as they start their first modern foreign language lessons at school. Our research aims at understanding in what ways modern foreign language teachers bring their students to develop their language awareness in this particular context. We wish to figure out whether teachers use peculiar strategies to make up for the lack of metalinguistic awareness of their students. To do so, we conducted an exploratory and qualitative field research built on a holistic, ecological and interdisciplinary approach, taking into account the various foreign languages taught at school (German, Spanish and French). The collected data (MFL classroom observations and teachers semi-structured interviews) has revealed interesting analytical perspectives which bring light on teachers’grammar practices
Béland, Karina. "Étude descriptive des pratiques d'évaluation des psychologues scolaires auprès des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage au primaire /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24065434.
Full textNootens, Pascale. "Étude descriptive de pratiques exemplaires d'adaptation de l'enseignement en contexte d'inclusion d'élèves en difficultés langagières au primaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/957.
Full textCaouette, Martin. "Étude descriptive des pratiques d'intervention en CRDITED favorisant l'autodétermination d'adultes présentant une déficience intellectuelle : la perspective des intervenants." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7356/1/030673978.pdf.
Full textFilippi, Paul-Michel. "Le français régional de Corse : étude linguistique et sociolinguistique. Pratiques langagières du français en Corse : approche descriptive et problème glottopolitique." Corte, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CORT0011.
Full textThe regional french of corsica is constituted by a group of pronunciation points morpho-syntactical and lexical particularities which proves a contact between french and corsican tongues. Among the young, this contact ends at original speech, the francorse. Sociolinguistic analysis shows in talking behaviours a dialectic of anguish and derision whereby the linguistic community has tried to manage the diglossic conflict. Transcending the present situation requires an examination of glottopolitical parties which govern this situation, and organizing a new pedagogy for french and corsican teaching, and another definition of the corsican tongue statute
Gisbon-Bouquet, Anne-Emmanuelle. "Description des symptômes dépressifs dans une population consultant en médecine générale en Aquitaine : enquêtes "Un jour en juin" et "Un jour de décembre"." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M175.
Full textGemme, Michèle. "Contribution d'une intervention de pratique réflexive portant sur des situations vécues par des externes en soins infirmiers en contexte hospitalier pour soutenir leurs apprentissages : une étude descriptive." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34949.
Full textHowever, the full learning potential of this program is sometimes limited by the lack of time available in clinical settings for reflection on action. A reflexive practice intervention with nursing externs to mobilize various nursing knowledge has yet been studied. Aim: to explore the contribution of a reflexive practice intervention based on experienced situations of care by nursing externs in the hospital setting to support their learning. Method: descriptive qualitative study with implementation of a reflexive practice intervention with nursing externs (n=14) divided in small groups. Data was collected from the reflexive practice group meetings (n=9), post meeting written perceptions and semi-structured individual interviews (n=14). A qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: reflexive practice allows nursing externs to mobilize several nursing knowledge, namely contextual, practical, moral and ethical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, scientific as well as life experience knowledge. Their mobilisation is made possible by several conditions described as facilitative. These allowed the coconstruction of learning by the nursing externs in the reflexive practice intervention. This coconstructed learning is then reinvested in their professional path, as nursing externs but also in their future nursing practice, in addition to being reinvested at a personal level. Conclusion: reflexive practice intervention with nursing externs is a relevant intervention that allows, with facilitative conditions, knowledge mobilisation, leading to the coconstruction of learning that is reinvested in their practice
Besson, Grégoire. "Le temps du voyage : rythmes et perception du temps dans les pratiques du voyages en Europe entre Lumières et romantisme (1750-1850)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH026.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the articulation between time and mobility in the context of the more or less brutal evolutions that Europe underwent between the middle of the 18th and the 19th centuries. The study is based on the analysis of travels, more precisely on the examination of emotions and perceptions felt by a hundred travellers of different nationalities and social conditions across Europe. In the context of the industrialisation of the old world, which is leading to a profound change in societies and in particular in social times, we propose an archaeology of the modern temporalities of travel. After having overcome the obstacles of self-writing in the travel narrative to understand as closely as possible the emotions experienced by travellers, it will be necessary to study the evolution of travel frameworks : the transport. From the horse-drawn carriage to the steam revolution from the 1830s onwards, the speed of travel increased considerably in a few decades. In conjunction with the evolution of aesthetic and philosophical conceptions, such as the transition from the Enlightenment to Romanticism, the perception of the environment and landscapes brings new emotions to travellers. As the use of travel guides is almost systematic, the study of these books highlights viatical temporal models and their mutations, in parallel with travel practices that tend towards modern tourism. All these political, technical, cultural and social developments led to a modernisation of Europe between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries. This modernization is characterized in particular by an evolution of social temporalities, including the more specific temporalities of travel, towards more precision, rationalization and an increased awareness of time
Mongrain, Sylvain. "Description des relations existant entre les préconceptions de trois étudiants-maîtres et leur évolution dans un processus d'apprentissage à une pratique pédagogique réflexive." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5354/1/000606445.pdf.
Full textLe, Boulba Pauline. "les bords de l’œuvre : réceptions performées & critiques affectées en danse." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080011.
Full textThis practice-based research developed from questioning reception of dance and manners of sharing this experience. In venturing countercurrent to a history of dance criticism which bears judgment and makes assessments, I attempted to favor initiatives which disrupt, disturb and blur the borderlines that settle between creativity and reception. The first chapter of this research focuses on the analysis of three choreographic works: Une hypothèse de réinterprétation by Rita Quaglia (2009), histoire(s) by Olga de Soto (2004) and Admiring La Argentina by Kazuo Ohno (1977). Each of these pieces offer three different perceptions of artworks, three ways of speaking about/with artworks, three ways of answering to dance by dancing. The three works analyzed in the first chapter are characterized by the importance they grant to subjectivity as a vector of (perceptive and cognitive) knowledge. Thus, introducing the term “affected critique” to the term “performed reception” implemented the scope of my analysis. This term elects both the subjective dimension within these objects and my personal relationship to the works and people which have moved and “possessed” me over the course of my observations these past years. “Affected criticism” also arises from research on the careers of two dance critics – Laurence Louppe (1938-2012) and Jill Johnston (1929-2010) – which form the core of my second chapter. Through the particularities of their critical practices, I cared to question a heritage from which I wished either to differentiate myself or on the contrary to adopt and develop as my own. This research consequently developed as a progressive mise en abyme of my personal gaze as spectator and of the different ways of working as an artist and researcher. This dissertation therefore tries to embrace and account for the multiple shapes – journal entries, fragments of critical writing, analysis of artworks and artistic practices, performance material – that form as many standpoints from which to observe a body of work. A performative moment will prolong the written work of this research during the submission
Biedermann-Pasques, Liselote. "Les grands courants orthographiques au xviie siecle et la formation de l'orthographe moderne : impacts materiels, interferences phoniques, theories et pratiques." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030092.
Full textFrench orthography of prints is dependent, in the seventeenth century, on three essential factors : i. Extra linguistic factors ii, linguistic factors iii. The coexistence of conflicting spelling theories and practices. I. The lack of the characters j and v in printers cases explains the use of many mute, etymological or analogical, latin letters in french orthography, with the special function to make readability easier. Prints show contradictions between manuscript and typographical practices; the use of ligatures, the lack of acdentuated characters, the exchange of some characters slow down the typographical modernization. Printers are asking for spelling rules. Ii. The origin of the speaker, some idiolectal, dialectal or regional features of the speech may interfere on prints and explain the existence of variants and fluctuations of spelling. The development of articulatory phonetics, at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of eighteenth century, will help the development and description of spelling rules which will give some uniformity to orthography. Iii, written practices and spelling variants are closely dependant on orthographical doctrines and theories to which their producer belongs. The spelling of printed producductions may be separated into three main trends. The modernist spelling trend from which modern french orthography is issued represents a middle way between old etymogical orthography and the phonetic trend
Coelho, Suzana Maria. "Contribution à l'étude didactique du mesurage en physique dans l'enseignement secondaire : description et analyse de l'activité intellectuelle et pratique des élèves et des enseignants." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077347.
Full textChassagne, François. "Cancer du foie au Cambodge : état des lieux épidémiologiques, description des médecines traditionnelles utilisées et évaluation d'espèces médicinales sélectionnées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30155/document.
Full textLiver cancer is the 6th most common and 2nd most lethal cancer in the world. In Cambodia, due to the historical and economic context, there is a lack of accurate data on this pathology. Using epidemiological tools, we described the characteristics of 553 patients with liver cancer at the Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh, and thus highlighted the importance of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses in the subjects studied. Then we documented the knowledge of 42 of these patients about their disease. We have detailed their therapeutic itineraries, highlighted risky practices (high use of therapeutic injections and dermabrasion techniques) and the use of traditional medicines. We then attempted to understand strategies for the management of patients with liver diseases by traditional healers, and highlighted the variety of remedies used and the importance of Khmer perception of plant properties. Finally, using an in vitro model of liver cancer cell culture coupled with metabolic analysis tools, we evaluated 10 medicinal species, selected on the basis of bibliographic and field criteria, and attempted to identify the compounds potentially responsible for the antiproliferative activity observed
Gadais, Tegwen. "Description de la pratique et du niveau de connaissance liés à la compétence "adopter un mode de vie sain et actif" des participants à un pentathlon en équipe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27083/27083.pdf.
Full textRouchy, Philippe. "Etudes de descriptions sociologiques : examiner les descriptions afin de clarifier les apories du raisonnement pratique : une thèse." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2029.
Full textThis work is a work on methodology in sociology. It scrutinises the way in which sociologists produce the materials of their descriptions. This interest for sociological descriptions leads to give some keys to approach human matters, the materials of culture and the analytic tools that fit this endeavour. Our approach of sociological materials is an applied approached : it starts by investigating the textual materials of some founders of the discipline
Locufier, Aurore. "Rôle des pratiques de recrutement et d'intégration et de la qualité de vie au travail sur la réussite de l'entrée organisationnelle du nouvel embauché : vers un modèle descriptif et explicatif multifactoriel ?" Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0126/document.
Full textThis doctoral research was aimed at examining the role of companies in the success ofnewcomers' entry process into the organization (estimated through indicators such as wellbeing,organizational socialization, intent to stay in the company, etc.).Three studies were realized using a qualitative (study 1) and quantitative methodology (study1, 2 and 3). The main results of study 1 (N1 = 21 recruiters and N2 = 77 newcomers) revealedthe importance to provide clear information during the recruitment and shed in lightintegration practices and their most efficient strategies of implementation (eg. informal visitsof the sites'company, collective trainings, etc.). Study 2 was aimed at identifying, based on aliterature review, the components of the quality of work life and proposing anoperationalisation. Thus, a validation was realized on 277 employees. Study 3 was aimed totest several multifactorial models predicting the intention to stay in the company (N = 359).The results confirmed the role of companies in the success of newcomers' entry process intothe organization through the recruitment and integration practices and the quality of work life.In conclusion, this research led to 1) propose an explanatory and multifactorial theoreticalmodel of the success of organizational entry which could be tested in future researches and 2)consider applied perspectives in recruiters and companies actors (various hierarchical levels)training on fundamental elements of newcomers' organizational entry
Royer-Artuso, Nicolas. "L'harmonie vocalique turque : entre théories et pratique." Thèse, Université Laval, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3524/1/RoyerArtuso_uqac_0862N_10157.pdf.
Full textGueye, Seyni. ""Visiter la terre" : droits, savoirs et territoires dans la colonisation hispanique du nord des Andes (province de Popayán, XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0153.
Full textThis PhD dissertation participates in historiographical trends that have been underway for several decades at the crossroads of imperial and colonial European expansion in the early modern period, the history of justice, and the history of knowledge production. It analyses inspections of royal justice and taxation-system in the form of itinerant trials, carried out among the communities of inhabitants in the province of Popayán (southwestern Colombia), between the years 1550s and 1630s. The study aims to reconstruct the contexts and actors involved in these procedures, called "visitas de la tierra", the concrete modalities of travel and social encounters they occasioned, and their practices of information-gathering, by observing and collecting testimonies.On the other hand, it questions the multiple uses of the visitas’ oral and written enactments, within the communities subjected to the trials (colonial towns and parishes, gold-mining districts, Indian encomiendas), as well as in the empire's governmental centers, to which various forms of reports were sent.The aim of the research is to understand better how the "visitas de la tierra" acted both as rituals of negotiation of the colonial order at the local scale of the political bodies established in the northern Andes, and as instruments of knowledge about their territories, the uses of which were exercised at different levels of imperial government
Knauf, Audrey David Amos. "Caractérisation des rôles du coordinateur-animateur émergence d'un acteur nécessaire à la mise en pratique d'un Dispositif Régional d'Intelligence Economique /." S. l. : Université Nancy 2, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr.
Full textMartel, Brigitte. "Étude descriptive de l'expérience de l'excellence de la pratique infirmière en soins intensifs pédiatriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24823/24823.pdf.
Full textMartel, Brigitte. "Étude descriptive de l'expérience de l'excellence de la pratique des infirmières en soins intensifs pédiatriques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19370.
Full textBodin, Romuald. "Sens pratique et sens de la pratique en éducation spécialisée : contribution à l'étude de la gestion collective des différences et des égalités sociales." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0102.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to work, at one and the same time, on specialized educators' concrete practices and on the purpose of this practice according to social, institutional, political context. We describe and analyse professional activities admittedly complex and ambivalent, not to say ambiguous, but which can be understood in a more general process of bureaucratic control and regulation of social connections established by the modem social State. Thereby we have to primarily re-build the «practical sense» of specialized educator by means of ethnographic observation method. Then we have to understand social trajectories that predispose to this activity and finally rethink those observations in the historical frame of their appearance and evolution
Le, Bellec Pierre Le Mauff Pierre. "Étude épidémiologique descriptive d'une pratique de la médecine générale en zone isolée de Corse du sud." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=58756.
Full textGuengard, Marianne. "Formation des chefs de choeur. Approche descriptive et compréhensive de l'enseignement-apprentissage de la direction de choeur. Un exemple "la levée"." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040001.
Full textThis thesis has the purpose investing in the research of musical education in France. It isfocused on specialised teaching for choir conductors and hence studies the practicesundertaken by both the student and the teacher interdependently, by analysing the conductinggestures in a real teaching-learning situation. The research specifically takes an interest in theteacher's work, and seeks to highlight the role of the latter in the building of knowledge linkedto a particular technical element: « the upbeat ». Of particular importance is the way in whichthe teacher structures the lessons, organises the layout, in terms of “the environment” in orderto direct the students towards targeted learning
Casano, Sandie. "Aérosolthérapie : pratiques et bonnes pratiques dans un hôpital gériatrique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P204.
Full textPiriot, Martine. "Pratiques culturelles chez les instituteurs et réinvestissement pédagogique : les pratiques personnelles comme déterminants sociaux des pratiques pédagogiques." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H019.
Full textGodard, Lénaïc. "Droits des pratiques anticoncurrentielles et des pratiques restrictives de concurrence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV063.
Full textThe purpose of the research topic is to study the relationship between Competition Law and Unfair trading practices Law. At first glance, these two parts of competition law stand out. The Competition Law is composed of a small number of general and permanent rules designed to protect competition on the market where the Unfair trading practices Law rests on a rather heterogeneous set of rules and evolves according to frequent reforms aimed at to protect competitors from abuses by their trading partners. Yet a rapprochement of these Law is perceptible. On the one hand, he intervened with the notion of company. Presented as the subject of the Competition Law, it gradually became the subject of the Unfair trading practices Law. On the other hand, a reciprocal interference of rights is emerging. In apprehending the abuse of economic dependence, the Competition Law impinges on the purpose pursued by the Unfair trading practices Law. The latter, because of a jurisprudential evolution conferring upon it an objective of protection of the functioning of the market and competition, also interferes with a purpose which does not devolve upon it. Evolutions then appear necessary in two respects. The first is to propose to reduce the competition law to the sole right of anti-competitive practices. The use of abuse of a dominant position or anticompetitive agreements already makes it possible to apprehend unfair trading practices. The refocusing of competition law is also an opportunity to rethink the rules relating to the regulation of prices that are unreasonably low.The second deals with a reconstruction of the Unfair trading practices Law. It is to become an Unfair practice between companies Law. This proposal elaborates on the changes made by Ordinance No. 2019-359 of 24 April 2019. A new positioning in the Commercial Code is suggested as a consequence of its exit from Competition Law. The design of a new law designed to regulate contractual abuses between companies is an opportunity to return to the links established with Contract Law. It maintains, with this one, links of complementarity. It is then necessary to reinforce the rules governing its implementation. A convergence with those that make up the Competition Law is envisaged because of the wealth of tools it contains. On the one hand, their spread within the Unfair practice between companies Law will be an opportunity to modernize the mechanisms of public action by providing procedures to facilitate the detection of abusive practices or strengthening the effectiveness of the repression. This is also reflected in the transformation of the CEPC into an authority with advisory and sanctioning powers. On the other hand, the Competition Law constitutes a source of inspiration for the elaboration of rules intended to favor the development of the actions in reparation due to an unfair practice between companies and takes shape on different levels: by the consecration of provisions to improve the articulation with the objective litigation, by the incorporation of measures simplifying the actions in repair
Dupuy, Claire. "Pratiques d'enseignement et pratiques collectives d'élaboration d'un projet "vie scolaire"." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20113/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the links between teaching practices and collective practices of teachers within the institution when developing a "school life" project. We conducted this work as part of a research-action responding to a social demand, and thus accompanied and led the field actors in the elaboration of the project. In this context, we explain the meeting of social sphere and an academic sphere. For the latter, involving an approach that does not dominate the social structures nor the actors, we propose an interpretative balance between teaching practices and the impact of their contexts. Teaching practices are envisaged in incidents related to the order in class and collective practices during the development of the "school life" project. We propose that teaching practices vary depending on collective project development phases and the participation of teachers in different working groups. For testing, we used on one hand a methodology of "narrative practices" based on the narration of incidents by both the teacher and the researcher and on the other hand a "strategic analysis " of the action of the working groups. The results show that the practices of outcome of pedagogical incident (DIP) vary according to the membership of teachers in project development working groups, but do not depend solely on them. The identifiable differences arise more from other factors, rather than teachers' participation in the development of the project. Furthermore, we update a distribution of the teachers’ power to act between teaching practices and collective practices; a strong investment in one is accompanied by a diminished on the other
Chenoufi-Ghalleb, Raja. "Langues et représentations générationnelles en Tunisie : pratiques d'hier, pratiques d'aujourd'hui." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL016.
Full textWang, Qin, and 王沁. "Knowledge and description." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47869896.
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Philosophy
Master
Master of Philosophy
Beheshti, Soosan 1969. "Minimum description complexity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8012.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 136-140).
The classical problem of model selection among parametric model sets is considered. The goal is to choose a model set which best represents observed data. The critical task is the choice of a criterion for model set comparison. Pioneer information theoretic based approaches to this problem are Akaike information criterion (AIC) and different forms of minimum description length (MDL). The prior assumption in these methods is that the unknown true model is a member of all the competing sets. We introduce a new method of model selection: minimum description complexity (MDC). The approach is motivated by the Kullback-Leibler information distance. The method suggests choosing the model set for which the model set relative entropy is minimum. We provide a probabilistic method of MDC estimation for a class of parametric model sets. In this calculation the key factor is our prior assumption: unlike the existing methods, no assumption of the true model being a member of the competing model sets is needed. The main strength of the MDC calculation is in its method of extracting information from the observed data.
(cont.) Interesting results exhibit the advantages of MDC over MDL and AIC both theoretically and practically. It is illustrated that, under particular conditions, AIC is a special case of MDC. Application of MDC in system identification and signal denoising is investigated. The proposed method answers the challenging question of quality evaluation in identification of stable LTI systems under a fair prior assumption on the unmodeled dynamics. MDC also provides a new solution to a class of denoising problems. We elaborate the theoretical superiority of MDC over the existing thresholding denoising methods.
by Soosan Beheshti.
Ph.D.
Sfez, Géraldine. "De la trace à l’archive : pratiques mémorielles et pratiques artistiques contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100162.
Full textHow to memorize when everything seems already memorized, recorded, archived? How to produce memory when one is submerged by tools, apparatus already memorizing for oneself? How to operate a distinction between a prosthetic, external “memory” and a memory which proceeds from experience? The specificity of memory consists in, and this is our hypothesis, bodily processes. Not only does memory inscribes itself in the body, but it also proceeds from the body. The arts of memory (the ars memoriae of the Antiquity) which conceive memory as a procedure associating an image with a place, do not take in consideration the other term of this association: the body, or more precisely, the affected body. Art, and specifically art since the sixties, reconsiders the link between body and memory by using the body as a medium, thus closely articulating notions of practice, memory and body through three modalities: trace, inscription, and archive. In order to understand how art practices since the sixties have contributed to redefining memory practices, the research will focus first on the body which confronts itself to space and leaves a trace (Piero Manzoni, Richard Long, Stanley Brouwn), then on the body which repeats the same gesture and by the way of this repetition, inscribes this gesture in itself (Samuel Beckett, Bruce Nauman, Vito Acconci, Andy Warhol), and finally, the body which becomes itself a body-archive (Jeff Wall, Gerhard Richter)
Guillier, Danielle. "Quelles sont les pratiques d'intervention des institutionnalistes : socianalyse et pratiques consultantes." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081013.
Full textThe movement of institutionnal analysis produced, in the 1970 s its own method of institutionnal analysis : the socioanalysis is the practis of institutionnal analysis in situatons of counselling. Twenty years later, the social and political background is completely different; the socioanalysts became more professionnalized and their pratises are more diversified. The author studies some of these today's practises, from representations that the practiseurs have of their own practises : how do they theorize them, what are their political purposes, about the theoritical and political referent of the socioanalysis? this study shows that the today's practises of the socioanalysis are deeply ambigous and come from the existence of contradictory movements : managing human ressources, creating social consensus or and analysing political dialectics roating the social situations ? accepting the social missionwhich defines and legitimates the professionnal or and refusing it by analysis of it
Dupeyrat, Jérôme. "Les livres d’artistes entre pratiques alternatives à l’exposition et pratiques d’exposition alternatives." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20043/document.
Full textThis thesis considers the phenomenon of the artist’s book as it develops in its relation to the concept and to the practice of exhibition since the 1960s. The exhibition is considered here in a double perspective: on the one hand as the most common institutional apparatus for the manifestation of art, and secondly as a function related to the visibility of the artworks.It further appears that artists’ books and artists’ publications can be grasped inbetween alternative practices to exhibition and alternative exhibition practices. Alternative exhibition practices insofar as book and printed mater are potential modes of visibility of art ; alternatives practices to exhibition because this way of visibility is very different from what we usually call an exhibition.Through the study of this dialectical tension between publishing and exhibition, we aim to clarify what are the economics of art and the conditions of aesthetic reception that books and artists’ publications offer; thus we aim to understand in what sense and with respect to which norms or instances they have what one may call an “alternative” value. From this perspective, this thesis is also about the place of artists’ books in the system of contemporary art and the effects they have on it
Dupeyrat, Jérôme. "Les livres d'artistes entre pratiques alternatives à l'exposition et pratiques d'exposition alternatives." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772314.
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