Academic literature on the topic 'Prairies – Effets du climat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prairies – Effets du climat"
Bouraoui, F., and M. L. Wolfe. "Évaluation d'un modèle des zones de pâturages et de prairies naturelles." Revue des sciences de l'eau 16, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705518ar.
Full textFARRUGGIA, A., B. MARTIN, R. BAUMONT, S. PRACHE, M. DOREAU, H. HOSTE, and D. DURAND. "Quels intérêts de la diversité floristique des prairies permanentes pour les ruminants et les produits animaux ?" INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2008): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.2.3391.
Full textBreitenmoser, Stève, Jean-Yves Humbert, and Sylvie Viollier. "Création de nouvelles prairies dans le réseau écologique « La Frontière » VD et effets sur les orthoptères (Insecta: Orthoptera)." Alpine Entomology 4 (June 8, 2020): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento..46308.
Full textSavatier, François. "Rétablissement de l’ozone : des effets sur le climat." Pour la Science N° 512 - juin, no. 6 (May 2, 2020): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pls.512.0006.
Full textKruse, Kammie L., James R. Lovvorn, John Y. Takekawa, and Jeffrey Mackay. "Long-Term Productivity of Canvasbacks (Aythya Valisineria) in a Snowpack-Driven Desert Marsh." Auk 120, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.1.107.
Full textHoyer, Mathilde. "Loi « Climat et résilience »." Revue de la recherche juridique, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 913–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rjj.194.0913.
Full textWagle, Pradeep, Prasanna H. Gowda, Brian K. Northup, Patrick J. Starks, and James P. S. Neel. "Response of Tallgrass Prairie to Management in the U.S. Southern Great Plains: Site Descriptions, Management Practices, and Eddy Covariance Instrumentation for a Long-Term Experiment." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171988.
Full textAllemand, Roselyne. "IX. Les effets juridiques du schéma régional climat air énergie." Droit et gestion des collectivités territoriales 33, no. 1 (2013): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/coloc.2013.2403.
Full textTonneau, Jean-Philippe. "Défendre le climat par le droit." L'Homme & la Société N° 218, no. 1 (November 29, 2023): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lhs.218.0163.
Full textDiallo-Dudek, Julita, Thibaut Vairet, Yves Richard, Thomas Thevenin, Nadège Martiny, Julien Pergaud, Damien Roy, et al. "Cartographier la végétation et les Local Climate Zone dans six agglomérations de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté." Climatologie 20 (2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202320002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Prairies – Effets du climat"
Sana, Ullah Muhammad. "Effets des changements climatiques et en particulièrement de la sécheresse sur la décomposition et la stabilisation de la matière organique du sol dans un écosystème prairial." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066240.
Full textDavid, Marie. "Echange d'ammoniac entre une prairie et l'atmosphère : sources et puits à l'échelle du couvert prairial et influence des pratiques agronomiques." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112057.
Full textAtmospheric ammonia is recognised as a pollutant mainly because of its negative impact, associated with acidification and eutrophication, on natural ecosystems. The ammonia exchange between plants and the atmosphere is bidirectional: both ammonia emission and deposition can occur. Semi-natural ecosystems are generally regarded as ammonia sinks and agricultural ecosystems as ammonia sources. However, less is known about the role of the vegetation in atmospheric ammonia budgets. This PhD thesis, a part of the European project GRAMINAE (GRassland AMmonia INteractions Across Europe), focuses on two main points: the study of the origin of the ammonia fluxes within the canopy and the quantification of the net exchange budgets under a semi-continental climate. A dynamic chamber was developed to measure ammonia emissions within a grassland canopy under field conditions over several days. The emissions from the green leaves, the litter and the soil were assessed. .
Taugourdeau, Simon. "Effects of management and climate on the plant functional diversity related to ecosystem services of permanent grasslands in Europe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0039/document.
Full textPermanent grasslands can provide a large diversity of ecosystem services. They are found in contrasted conditions in terms of management and climate in Europe. These conditions induce a wide variety of grassland types that differ in their vegetation and are expected to differ with respect to the provision of ecosystem services. Because ecosystem functioning in grassland has been shown to be linked to plant functional diversity criteria, we put forward that these functional diversity criteria can be used to evaluate the provision of ecosystem services. These criteria are influenced by the management and the climate. The overall objective of this PhD program is to assess the effects of management and climate on the plant functional diversity related to ecosystem services of permanent grasslands. The first step of the PhD program was to select 29 functional diversity criteria related to 8 ecosystem services (quantity of forage, forage quality, stability of the forage production, biodiversity conservation, pollination carbon sequestration, dryness resistance and nitrogen fertility). This selection was made using experts' interview and literature survey. The second step was to evaluate inaccuracies in the calculation of the 29 functional diversity criteria from functional trait databases and different sets of botanical surveys. The third step was to estimate the functional diversity criteria from management and climate data using "Random Forests" methodology. The results show that the climatic variables had generally more effect on the functional diversity than the management ones. Furthermore, for some climatic conditions, the management does not affect some functional diversity criteria. Among the 29 functional diversity criteria, only 8 have more than 40 % of their variance explained by the management and climate variables
Allart, Lucie. "Maintien de la multifonctionnalité des prairies permanentes et adaptation des systèmes fourragers au changement climatique dans le Massif central." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0047.
Full textPermanent grasslands are multifunctional and provide many ecosystem services. They are, however, threatened by both climate change and the intensification of agricultural practices, which leads to degradation (i.e. to biodiversity losses and less ecosystem services). Conversion to arable land is another threat on biodiversity. Two issues therefore need to be reconciled: i) maintaining the diversity of services that permanent grasslands provide to society, and ii) adapting forage systems to climate change. The livestock production systems framework, which combines a production system and decision-making system, is used here to analyse the direct and indirect effects of climate change on permanent grasslands. The direct effects are changes in grassland under the effects of climate variation, and the indirect effects are changes in grassland in response to adaptations by farmers.In order to understand the direct effects of climate change on permanent grasslands, we used the botanical surveys previously carried out to establish a functional typology of grasslands in the Massif Central. Their distribution along gradients of altitude and latitude, independently of management factors, enabled us to study the effect of climate change on the multifunctionality of permanent grasslands according to fertilisation and their species richness. Using a structural equation model, we identified species richness as the pivotal variable in the effects of mineral and organic fertilisation, and climate on grassland multifunctionality. A rise in the average annual temperature is associated with a decline in grassland biodiversity and multifunctionality.We then interviewed 15 dairy farmers in the Massif Central about their perceptions of climate change and permanent grasslands, and analysed how these perceptions influenced their strategies for adapting to climate change. We observed a marked effect of the climatic context, with a contrast between the southern Massif Central lowlands, where farmers already experienced pronounced droughts and high summer temperatures, and the other areas. In the latter areas, the perception of permanent grassland remains positive, and its diversity within and between plots is the basis of the adaptation strategies implemented by farmers. In the south of the Massif Central, farmers place more emphasis on the dis-services associated with the use of permanent grassland, and base their adaptation strategy on a crop rotation in which they have integrated temporary grassland, fodder crops and trees.Finally, using our structural equation model, we simulated the effect of a 1.5°C rise in mean temperature on changes in the multifunctionality of permanent grassland that farmers considered to be representative of their system. We also distinguished between farms according to the proportion of permanent grassland in their agricultural area. This analysis shows that the degradation and conversion of permanent grassland to crops does not affect all farms in the same way. On some farms, the conversion of certain grasslands to crop rotations preserves permanent grassland that receive little fertilisation on other plots of the farm.This thesis highlights the importance of combining ecological and socio-cognitive approaches in order to understand the different ways in which climate change influences the management of grassland-based farms. The results of our work on grazing farmers' perceptions of permanent grassland and on the barriers and lock-ins to adaptation could be used by farm advisors, to help farmers make the transitions needed to adapt to current climatic and ecological challenges
Allard, Vincent. "Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on carbon and nitrogen fluxes in a grazed pasture." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_ALLARD_V.pdf.
Full textPuissant, Jérémy. "Effets des changements climatiques sur la dynamique de décomposition microbienne du carbone organique du sol en prairie subalpine calcaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS008/document.
Full textMountain soils stocks huge quantities of carbon as soil organic matter (SOM) which may be highly vulnerable to climate change and thus alter the atmospheric greenhouse gases concentration at a decadal timescale. To understand the effect of climate conditions on the dynamics of mountain soil organic carbon (SOC), a climate change experiment was set up in October 2009 in Swiss Jura subalpine grassland soils. The climate change experiment (soil transplantation) simulated two realistic climate change scenarios, with increased air temperatures ranging between 2 °C and 4 °C and decreased precipitation ranging between 20% and 40%. These changes reflect current predictions of climate change for the 21th century in temperate mountain regions.We studied the effect of climate conditions (climate manipulation and seasonal changes) after four years of climate experiment on (i) the dynamic of microbial decomposition, microbial abundance and community structure, (ii) the dynamic soil organic matter pools with contrasted turnover rate and representing the energetic resource of microbial communities, (iii) the interactions between microbial communities and soil organic matter pools and (iv) the soil organic carbon stocks.This work shows a strong seasonal dynamics of microbial decomposition with higher enzymatic activities, higher microbial abundance and shift of microbial community structure in winter than in summer. These results were linked to the seasonal organic matter labile pools dynamics. Moreover structural equation modeling shows that climate manipulation differently influences the drivers of SOC enzymatic decomposition in summer and winter.Finally, this work shows a strong decrease of soil organic carbon concentration under the climate change manipulation which cannot be explained by an increase of microbial activities. In contrast, our results suggest that the observed climate-induced decrease in bulk soil organic C content was due a SOC decrease in the most biogeochemically stable SOM fraction associated with a decrease in clay content and a decrease of soil calcareous concentration. Thus, our results hint more so towards an effect of SOM leaching (Gavazov, 2013) to explain the climate effect on SOC content than an effect of microbial and/or plant activities
Pilon, Rémi. "Dynamique du système racinaire de l'écosystème prairial et contribution au bilan de carbone du sol sous changement climatique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673439.
Full textCantarel, Amélie. "Impacts du changement climatique sur les bilans de carbone et de gaz à effet de serre de la prairie permanente en lien avec la diversité fonctionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662443.
Full textHernandez, Pauline. "Effet d'une sécheresse extrême sur le fonctionnement de l'écosystème prairial : évaluation du rôle tampon de la composition et de la diversité végétale par approche expérimentale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22752/document.
Full textPermanent grasslands are one of the main forms of land use in Europe. In France, permanent grasslands represent around 40% of Utilised Agricultural Land and support many animal-based farming systems. Current climate change scenarios predict increased climate variability that could result in an increase in extreme events such as drought episodes. These extreme events can significantly alter the structure and functioning of grasslands, with implications for their capacity to provide agricultural, ecological and environmental services. Improved understanding of the resistance and resilience mechanisms of grassland plant communities exposed to extreme drought is therefore critical in order to assess the stability of grassland functions, in particular that of biomass production. This thesis aims at assessing the capacity of permanent grasslands to sustain their production when exposed to an extreme drought event. The study uses an experimental approach and semi-controlled conditions to investigate the role of community composition and functional diversity for drought resistance and resilience in grassland mixtures. Monocultures and mixtures combining grasses and legumes were selected to test the importance of composition and functional diversity for plant community responses during drought and up to a year after the end of water stress. The originality of this work is the use of a functional ecological approach to assess the impacts of species’ interactions via measurements of plant morphological and physiological traits both above- and below-ground. This study demonstrates the importance of white clover (Trifolium repens) in modulating the impact of extreme droughts on biomass production of grassland mixtures. Community composition did not have a buffering effect on biomass production during the drought event but the presence and abundance of white clover in mixtures was linked to higher recovery of biomass production in the long-term. After the extreme drought event, overyielding in mixtures combining grass and white clover could be attributed to mechanisms of nitrogen facilitation and vertical root complementarity for water uptake. Results also show the importance of deep root growth for the establishment of functional complementarity between species and the maintenance of biomass production under extreme drought. Drought had lasting effects on the root system patterns and thus on the underlying mechanisms of the positive effect of white clover on aboveground production. Moreover, this work highlights the key role of heterospecific interactions in the expression of intraspecific traits related to resource acquisition strategies. Heterospecific interactions are thus an important driver of the species performance under extreme drought.We show that the structure and functional composition of the plant community in simplified mixtures are critical for modulating grassland responses to an extreme drought event. In our study, the recovery of aboveground biomass production is mainly related to the presence of white clover and the establishment of positive interactions between species. Changes of species behaviour in response to heterospecific interactions should be taken into account to better predict grassland biomass production under future climatic conditions. From an applied perspective, accounting for the key role of white clover and the inherent variability or neighbour-induced plasticity of intraspecific traits appears important to adapt mixtures of species or varieties to more intense and frequent drought events
Chaieb, Mohamed. "Influence des réserves hydriques du sol sur le comportement comparé de quelques espèces végétales de la zone aride tunisienne." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20126.
Full textBooks on the topic "Prairies – Effets du climat"
Arthur, Louise M. The implication of climate change for agriculture in the Prairie Provinces : a summary of Department of Agricultural Economics reports =: Répercussions du changement climatique sur l'agriculture dans les provinces des prairies : sommaire de rapports du département d'économie agricole. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada = Environnement Canada, 1988.
Find full textFund, Saskatchewan Agriculture Development, and University of Saskatchewan. Centre for Studies in Agriculture, Law and the Environment., eds. Agricultural research in climate change on the Prairies: Summary report to the Agricultural Development Fund. [Regina]: Agricultural Development Fund, 2000.
Find full text1942-, Boardman John, Favis-Mortlock David 1953-, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Global Change: Modelling Soil Erosion by Water" (1995 : University of Oxford), eds. Modelling soil erosion by water. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
Find full textRené, Neboit-Guilhot, Allée Philippe, and Lespez Laurent, eds. L' érosion entre société, climat et paléoenvironnement: Table ronde en l'honneur du professeur René Neboit-Guilhot, Clermont-Ferrand, 25-26-27 mars 2004. Clermont-Ferrand: Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 2006.
Find full textMartin, Beniston, ed. Mountain environments in changing climates. London: Routledge, 1994.
Find full textHooper, Tracey D. Breeding bird communities and habitat associations in the grasslands of the Chilcotin Region, British Columbia. [Victoria, B.C.]: Canadian Forest Service, 1996.
Find full textHidore, John J. Global environmental change: Its nature and impact. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996.
Find full textWilliam, Blumen, and Banta Robert M, eds. Atmospheric processes over complex terrain. Boston, Mass: American Meteorological Society, 1990.
Find full textJones, Hamlyn G. Plants and microclimate: A quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. 2nd ed. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Find full text1972-, Reay Dave, Smith Pete 1965-, and Amstel Andre van, eds. Methane and climate change. London: Earthscan, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Prairies – Effets du climat"
Waiser, Marley J. "Climate Change and Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America: Effects, Management and Mitigation." In Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters, 219–30. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118470596.ch13.
Full textCollins, Scott L., and Ernest M. Steinauer. "Disturbance, Diversity, and Species Interactions in Tallgrass Prairie." In Grassland Dynamics, 140–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114867.003.0009.
Full textAoun, Marie-Claire. "S’adapter aux effets du réchauffement climatique." In Climat : une nouvelle chance ?, 78–83. Institut français des relations internationales, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ifri.demon.2015.01.0078.
Full textKaufman, Donald W., Glennis A. Kaufman, Philip A. Fay, John L. Zimmerman, and Edward W. Evans. "Animal Populations and Communities." In Grassland Dynamics, 113–39. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114867.003.0008.
Full textHartnett, David C., and Philip A. Fay. "Plant Populations Patterns and Processes." In Grassland Dynamics, 81–100. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114867.003.0006.
Full text"CHAPITRE 2. Les impacts potentiels des changements climatiques et des événements extrêmes sur la production agricole et effets réciproques." In Démographie, climat et alimentation mondiale, 21–44. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0886-1.c013.
Full textHOFFMAN, Michael Timm, and Rick F. ROHDE. "L’utilisation de la photographie répétée en écologie historique africaine." In Écologie historique, 61–74. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9090.ch5.
Full textPomel, Simon, and Jean-Noël Salomon. "Chapitre II. Les effets globaux de la déforestation : climat et biodiversité." In La déforestation dans le monde tropical, 23–32. Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pub.1400.
Full textESSEILY, Rana, and Lauriane RAT-FISCHER. "L’humour chez le bébé : développement et enjeux dans les apprentissages." In Processus émotionnels en situation d’apprentissage, 35–62. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9042.ch2.
Full textXu, Li, Feng Mao, James S. Famiglietti, John W. Pomeroy, and Claudia Pahl-Wostl. "Conceptualizing Cascading Effects of Resilience in Human–Water Systems." In Multisystemic Resilience, 744–68. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0039.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Prairies – Effets du climat"
Schembri, Patrick. "Transition énergétique et défi climatique : quelle place pour l'hydrogène vert ?" In MOlecules and Materials for the ENergy of TOMorrow. MSH Paris-Saclay Éditions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52983/ewus7854.
Full textEynck, Christina. "Camelina breeding and development- a Canadian perspective." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/bsmv8815.
Full textPorch, W. M., and W. Shaw. "Application of Optical Remote Sensing to the Study of Surface Fluxes Related To Cloud Formation." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.tuc.2.
Full textReports on the topic "Prairies – Effets du climat"
Iyer, Ruhil, and Léa Pare Toe. Effet des aléas climatiques sur les pratiques d’hygiène et d’assainissement en milieu rural au Burkina Faso. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.017.
Full textBridgham, Scott D., and Bart Johnson. Climate Effects on Plant Range Distributions and Community Structure of Pacific Northwest Prairies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1158402.
Full textLeis, Sherry, Lloyd Morrison, and Tani Hubbard. Long-term trends in prairie vegetation at three national parks: 1998?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302359.
Full textWright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.
Full textLe Canada dans un climat en changement : impacts et adaptation dans les provinces des Prairies [infographie]. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329333.
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