Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pragmatics Analysis'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pragmatics Analysis.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Pragmatics Analysis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wagner, Manuela. "First steps to communication a pragmatic analysis." Tübingen Narr, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2778174&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full text
2
Lin, Jiaying. "Pian zhang xian jie de yu yong fen xi = Pragmatic analysis of discourse cohesion /." click here to view the fulltext click here to view the abstract and table of contents, 2004. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisft.pl?pdf=b17982273f.pdf.
Full text
3
Dicerto, Sara. "Multimodal pragmatics : building a new model for source text analysis." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808325/.
Full textAbstract:
In an age where technological advancements are providing people with new forms of communication, or increasing the communicative potential of forms previously available, translation is an activity which is growing more and more complex and cannot be accounted for in linguistic terms only. Translation Studies has traditionally dealt with meaning as a linguistic product; however, source texts nowadays very often include resources like images and/or sounds, which interact with the linguistically communicated message, considerably affecting meaning. More accurately, it can be said that linguistic, visual and aural meaning influence each other and create a multimodal message whose interpretation requires different types of literacy and the ability to combine them. Appropriate models analysing multimodal texts, however, are still missing. Furthermore, as no area of translation has been left untouched by the multimodal phenomenon, future translators need to be competent ‘readers’ of multimodal texts. However, the theoretical resources available to train translators are mostly concerned with texts in which the message is communicated verbally; this creates a gap between translation theory and practice as well as a gap between the training translators receive and the reality of the translation industry they need to face, in which translators find themselves working on texts where the message is communicated by more than ‘just’ words. Addressing these gaps, the main aim of this work is to develop a new model for source text analysis for translation purposes. The model brings together aspects of meaning production as it is viewed in Pragmatics, Multimodality, Translation and Semiotics and merges them in a single theoretical framework that can be applied to the analysis of any multimodal source text in order to gain a better understanding of how it conveys meaning. The model aims to contribute to a better general understanding of meaning not just as a linguistic, but as a multimodal product and it is also proposed as a theoretical resource for trainee translators.
4
Thomas, J. "The dynamics of discourse : A pragmatic analysis of confrontational interaction." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372937.
Full text
5
Christie, Christine. "Relevance theory and the analysis of audience response : a pragmatic approach to media studies." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21226.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focusses on variability in audience interpretation of a television programme, and aims to problematise and investigate the reception of broadcast communication by applying the pragmatic theory of relevance (Sperber and Wilson 1966) to an empirical study of audience response. This aim is achieved using the following method: In Chapter Two I consider the scope of pragmatic theories of inferencing and conclude that relevance theory offers the only account which can both accommodate and provide the basis for an explanation of variation in interpretation. I also assert that for relevance theory to be able to show why an audience interprets a text in a specific way the cultural background of that audience has to be considered. In Chapter Three I show how existing studies of audience response which adopt a critical cultural studies approach require a more sophisticated model of communication than they currently assume if they are to realise their aim of relating audience respo nse to socio-political structures. My contention is that the inferential model proposed by Sperber and Wilson can provide such an account. Chapters Four and Five describe, and report the results of, an empirical study I carry out based on a methodology premised on relevance theory. The study consists of two separate interviews with audiences who have distinct cultural backgrounds in each of which I show a video recording of a television programme and then question the interviewees on their understanding of the text of the programme. In Chapters Six and Seven I discuss the results of the study in relation to relevance theory and media studies. The results of my study indicate that a methodology based on relevance theory can make explicit, and show the significance of, processes involved in audience interpretation of a media text which have not previously been open to analysis. Building on Sperber and Wilson's claim (1986: 15) that the context of an utterance is a psychological construct, and is a sub-set of the set of assumptions available to the hearer of a given utterance, the results make explicit (a) relevant aspects of the encyclopaedic knowledge of two distinct audiences; (b) the contexts these audiences produce in response to a television text; (c) how these contexts are related to the audience's encyclopaedic knowledge; (d) how these contexts affect the disambiguation and enrichment of information linguistically encoded in the text (e) 'The contextual implications, or interpretations, -the audience draw from a synthesis of the information encoded in text and the contexts the audiences apply. My findings are particularly pertinent for the critical cultural approach to audience studies as they indicate how it is possible to make explicit the relationship between response and cultural background by showing how the existing knowledge of an audience affects interpretation and indicating moreover how this knowledge can be related to social determinants. The results of my study also contribute to pragmatic theory in that they show how relevance theory can be used to explain why interpretation may vary.
6
林嘉穎. "篇章銜接的語用分析 = Pragmatic analysis of discourse cohesion." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/549.
Full text
7
Gokcen, Ajda Zeynep. "A Matter of Debate: Using Dialogue Relation Labels to Augment (Dis)agreement Analysis of Debate Data." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462813013.
Full text
8
Li, Citing. "Chinese EFL learners' pragmatic and discourse transfer in the discourse of L2 requests." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085763.
Full text
9
Vilar, Beltrán Elina. "Pragmatics in English as a lingua franca. An analysis of request modifiers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669151.
Full textAbstract:
This PhD dissertation aims at contributing to the body of research in English as a Lingua Franca regarding pragmatic awareness and production by, (a) examining how 104 English non-native speakers' awareness of pragmatic and grammatical infelicities and grammatical and pragmatic production of request acts and request act modifiers is affected by proficiency level; and, (b) comparing how awareness of pragmatic and grammatical infelicities and grammatical and pragmatic production of request acts and request act modifiers is affected by different lengths of stay abroad.
According to our results, we may state that both proficiency level and length of stay abroad have effects on the awareness and production of appropriate and correct request acts and request act modifiers. Regarding proficiency, it seems that advanced participants in our study performed better at assessing pragmatic and grammatical failure than intermediate participants. Advanced participants also performed better at producing accurate and appropriate requests and request act modifiers than the intermediate ones. With regards to length of stay abroad, our findings indicate that the first 6 months of the stay abroad were decisive in developing an awareness of pragmatic infelicities, compared to longer periods of time in the target language country. However, no statistically significant differences were observed with regards to length of stay and accurate evaluation or request acts. The results also suggested that all learners in the study abroad context increased their pragmatic repertoire of internal and external modifiers at later stages of their stay in the UK and thus we could come to the conclusion that exposure to authentic language use is a crucial element in the language learning process.
10
Blakesley, C. E. "Courtroom pragmatics : analysis of questions and answers in the Tomb Robbery Papyri." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3005248/.
Full textAbstract:
This work looks at the legal texts known as the Tomb Robbery Papyri of the 19th and 20th Dynasties, with particular focus on the social and pragmatic power dynamic between the Tribunal and the Accused. The aim is to examine how far the strategies and wants of the Tribunal and Accused can be assessed through pragmatic theory and social status, and what effect these strategies and wants have on the discourse. This has been done through Politeness Theory, Face Threatening Acts, Questioning Strategy (Interrogatives/Speech Acts), Response Strategy, and similar courtroom situations such as the Early Modern English Courtroom. Upon examining these interactions, it becomes clear that not only did the Tribunal have a questioning strategy designed to elicit the most information through Face Threatening Acts and Impoliteness, but the response strategy of the Accused, despite their lack of legal representation, is, in some cases, a fairly substantial rebuttal for those in such a weak position. It becomes evident that while some Accused were prompted to provide long narrative answers of their misdeeds (often as a result of torture, though not without their own strategy of implicating others), or utilise what are termed in this thesis as “denial phrases”, such as bpy=i ptr (I did not see) or wA r=i wA r Ha=i (Far from me, far from my body), with their testimonies being relatively short and containing little information, others chose a more combative stance. These more combative responses are shown to have a greater number of back and forth responses between Tribunal and Accused, which often involve each discourse participant changing strategy so as to gain leverage, albeit temporarily, over the other. This type of answering strategy is also shown to contain more ‘focus constructions’ such as the Second Tense or Pseudo Cleft sentence, which demonstrate the Accused’s attempts to subvert the questioning narrative of the Tribunal and replace it with their own ‘truth’. This thesis demonstrates that there is more to the interactions between Tribunal and Accused in this corpus than simply well-ordered questions and responses.
11
Austin, J. P. M. "The dark side of politeness: a pragmatic analysis of non-cooperative communication." Thesis, University of Canterbury. English, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1041.
Full textAbstract:
I examine the Brown and Levinson (1978) model of politeness. On the assumption that a model of face attention must involve impolite as well as polite interactive behaviour, I construct an analogous model to deal with what I term Face Attack Acts. I show that an extension of a politeness model in this way reveals serious flaws in some hypotheses central to Brown and Levinson's work. I apply the principles of Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson 1986)to the extended model, and show how the theory can offer an explanatory account of face attention, on a continuum from polite to impolite. Relevance Theory makes predictions about the interpretation of utterances in context, which explain how the face-oriented aspect of interaction is recovered by hearers. I show that Relevance Theory provides a motivated way of linking utterances with facts about power asymmetries and group-membership which are seen to be recoverable by the interpretive process. I apply the resulting face-attention model of utterance interpretation to examples of the use of language to encode power and communicate assumptions about social behaviour and status. In terms of previous accounts of utterance interpretation, particularly Grice's Cooperative Principle and maxims, the account of face attention which incorporates Relevance Theory has greater explanatory power. In practical terms, this application of Relevance Theory is shown to be illuminating in raising the assumptions underlying non-cooperative communication to a conscious level, at which their validity can be sustained.
12
Jucker, Andreas H. "News interviews : a pragmalinguistic analysis /." Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : J. Benjamins, 1986. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/36219.
Full text
13
Heimerdinger, Jean-Marc. "The narrative clause in old Hebrew : the perspective of discourse analysis and pragmatics." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318579.
Full text
14
Nkurikiye, Sylvestre. "The pragmatics of Kirundi marriage discourse : speech acts and discourse strategies." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833004.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a descriptive study of speech acts encoded in Kirundi marriage transactional discourse and the strategies used by the participants to encode them and attempts to understand the interrelationships between the speech acts and the strategies.Chapter 1 states the objectives and describes the data to be studied and the approach to go about it. Chapter 2 provides the reader with some background information on Burundian society and culture in the area of matrimony.Chapter 3 explores the conversation activities and the management of the interactions between the interactants in the sociocultural context of marriage transactions. Formality participation status are discussed and shown to be crucial factors for the semantic and pragmatic interpretation of the participants' verbal contributions. Chapter 4 investigates the nature and the function of the speech acts performed by the interactants. The speech act identification and categorization are based on the social aspects of linguistic action and on the conventionality and contextuality of discourse. Chapter 5 inquires into the strategies applied by the interactants to encode and decode them. Chapter 6 is a summary and conclusion.Department of English
15
Rudy, TOET. "An Optimality-Theoretic Analysis of the Japanese Passive." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253004.
Full text
16
Chor, Oi-wan Winnie, and 左靄雲. "A semantic and pragmatic analysis of verbal particles in Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2914744X.
Full text
17
Jenkins, Stephen Graham. "An object oriented and visual data analysis environment : semantics and pragmatics of multi language programming." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274390.
Full text
18
Summary, Jennifer J. "TWIN TALK." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/506.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine instances of naturally occurring conversations between twin siblings. This study uses both conversation analysis and semi-structured interviews to investigate communication patterns and practices in everyday twin-to-twin talk. The following research questions guided this study: (1) What pragmatic features of analytic interest are present in twin-to-twin talk? (2) What pragmatic features of analytic interest are present when twins interact with other members of the family system? There were a total of six sets of twin siblings between the ages of 10 and 15 who engaged in participant self-taping and semi-structured interviews. Although it did not have an observable effect on the findings, there were five sets of dizygotic (fraternal) twins and one set of monozygotic (identical) twins. Eight parents were interviewed and four parents participated in the conversations with the twin siblings. Findings suggest that certain communication practices and Phenomena are present in twin siblings' conversations, though not necessarily uniquely. Simultaneous speech is a conversational practice evident in every set of twin siblings' transcripts, serving as a completion to the other's utterance. In the presence of parents, it functions as a competitive move, other-initiated repair, and entertainment. As the twins conversed alone, extension/completion of the other twin's utterance served as a way to verify reported speech. It functions as support, verification, competition, and a way to gain attention when talking in front of a parent. The joint conversational performance act of code-switching was a practice used for entertainment by the twins when conversing alone. It served as a way to prove a point and to entertain as they interacted with a parent. Conversational phenomena included testing, and speaking for one's twin. Twins engaged in testing while conversing alone to show support for their twin. As they engaged in talk with a parent present, it served as competition/support, role confirmation/enactment, and identification/deidentification between the twin siblings. Speaking for one's twin could only occur while the twins were conversing in front of a parent. It functioned as a competitive move, as support, and as a way to gain attention.
19
Saeed, Aziz T. "The pragmatics of codeswitching from Fusha Arabic to Aammiyyah Arabic in religious-oriented discourse." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063206.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the pragmatics of codeswitching from FuSHa Arabic, the high variety of Arabic (FA), to Aammiyyah Arabic, the low variety or vernacular (AmA), in the most formal type of discourse, namely religious-oriented discourse.The study posited the following five hypotheses:1) CS occurs with considerable frequency in religious discourse; 2) these switches are communicatively purposeful; 3) frequency of CS is related to the linguistic make-up of the audience addressed, 4) to the AmA of the speaker, and 5) to the section of the discourse delivered.To carry out the investigation, the researcher analyzed 18 audio and videotapes of religious discourse, delivered by 13 Arabic religious scholars from different Arab countries. Ten of these tapes were used exclusively to show that CS occurs in religious discourse. The other eight tapes were used to investigate the other hypotheses. The eight tapes involved presentations by three of the most famous religious scholars (from Egypt, Kuwait, and Yemen) delivered 1) within their home countries and 2) outside their home countries.Three of the five hypotheses were supported. It was found that: CS from FA to AmA occurred in religious discourse with considerable frequency; these switches served pragmatic purposes; and the frequency of the switches higher in the question/answer sections than in the lecture sections.Analysis showed that codeswitches fell into three categories: iconic/rhetorical, structural, and other. The switches served numerous communicative functions, some of which resemble the functions found in CS in conversational discourse.One finding was the relationship between the content of the message and the attitude of the speaker toward or its source. Generally, what the speakers perceived as [+positive] was expressed by the H code, and whatever they perceived as [-positive] was expressed by the L code. Scrutiny of this exploitation of the two codes indicated that FA tended to be utilized as a means of upgrading, whereas AmA was used as a means of downgrading.Department of English
20
Nakatsugawa, Masanobu. "What is the JET Program really doing?: A Classroom-based analysis of the roles of teachers in Hokkaido." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/617.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the complexity of concepts of globalization--taking place in a variety of ways in the local economic, cultural, and political flows, and in the notion of World Englishes-- has been widely discussed (Saxena & Omoniyi, 2010). With the recent interest in internationalization, one of the issues in research on English teaching is expected and/or perceived roles of native teachers and non-native teachers in English language classrooms (Braine, 1999). In order to meet demands of international trends, the Japan Exchange and Teaching Program (JET Program) was established by the Japanese government in 1987, and it has played an important role by importing "internationalization" into actual classrooms in an EFL country (McConnel, 2000). Despite the long history of the JET program, very little research has been done on the program itself and related issues (e.g., McConnell, 2000; Miyazato, 2009; Fujimoto-Adamson, 2010). This study drew from a teacher-based perception of the Japanese Teachers of English (JTEs) and Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) roles, and it illustrated how English teachers, including both JTEs and ALTs, act locally in the globalized/globalizing classroom while negotiating the governmental expectations for the JET program. Following the examples set by ethnographic research conducted in language teaching environments (e.g., Watson-Gegeo, 1988; Canagarajah, 1999), classroom fieldworks were conducted at three high schools in Hokkaido from May to August in 2010. More specifically, this research employed multiple data sources: participant observation, audiotape recording, interviews and questionnaires, which delivered thick descriptions of concrete reports from these sources (Richards, 2003; Canagarajah, 2006; McKay, 2006) for investigating the grounded perspectives and the practice of the JTEs and ALTs in the classrooms. The findings showed that the macro-level expected roles from the policies were not always directly projected onto the micro-level perceived roles, and there was emerging role at the micro-level as evident in the JTEs' role as guides to entrance examinations. In addition to this, through the classroom observations, this study revealed the perceived roles of JTEs and ALTs are negotiated in the classrooms in various ways. The JTEs sometimes played the perceived roles of ALTs and vice versa depending on the classroom pedagogical contexts, which were sometimes influenced on the power relationship between them. Those findings of the negotiation of roles in the classrooms led to the conclusions that the power of JTEs and ALTs is not something those teachers have a priori, but was negotiated through the interactions of JTEs and ALTs in the actual classrooms. The notion of power is dynamically implicated by language practice, which will be dedicated to the future study of English classrooms in Japan. Also, this study will contribute to casting a light on potential improvements to the JET Program before their quarter-century anniversary.
21
Taranto, Gina Christine. "Discourse Adjectives /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099909.
Full text
22
Yilmaz, Erkan. "A Pragmatic Analysis Of Turkish Discourse Particles: Yani, Iste And Sey." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604853/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Adopting an eclectic analytic perspective of discourse analysis, conversation analysis
and functional approaches, this study conducts an in-depth pragmatic analysis and
describes the function of three pragmatic particles yani, iSte and Sey in casual,
conversational Turkish. All three particles have multiple functions, which are
described by reference to occurrences in utterances within three different domains of
conversation. While utterance initial occurrences of yani are mainly connective and
continuative, the utterance final placement of yani mainly acts as a situating particle
with a strongly interactional nature. The utterance medial occurrences are basically
&lsquoself-editing&rsquo
whereby the speaker marks the clarification of a point in his/her prior talk. iSte mainly acts as a frame particle demarcating utterances as containing detailed, highlighted, and reported information as well as connecting distant pieces of utterances. The third particle Sey basically marks the speaker&rsquo
s temporary mental effort of extracting the linguistic information from the memory. In addition to its major role in repair organisation whereby marking its producer&rsquo
s verbal planning and word search, Sey displays caution and discretion and marks politeness when assessing/asserting something about the self or the other.
23
Hart, Erin Elizabeth. "A Comparative Analysis of the Patterns of Language Development between Children with Williams syndrome and Children with Down syndrome." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1972.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Penny Hauser-CramWilliams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder marked by a microdeletion of approximately 25 genes on chromosome 7. Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder marked by a chromosomal abnormality in which an additional copy of chromosome 21 is present in some or all cells. A comparative analysis of language acquisition between populations of children with WS and populations of children with DS yielded largely different patterns in language development. Phonology was found to be largely intact in children with WS, while children with DS struggled to produce intelligible and articulate speech. Semantics proved an area of relative strength in comparison to other areas of language development in both populations. Syntax was found to be a relative strength in the WS population, while children with DS struggled with syntactic output. Both groups exhibited difficulties in syntactic processing. In contrast to common conceptions regarding pragmatic strengths in children with WS, results indicated that gesture, narrative and discourse were areas of relative weakness in this population. Gesture, narrative and discourse proved areas of relative strength for children with DS
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
24
Li, Citing, and 李茨婷. "Chinese EFL learners' pragmatic and discourse transfer in the discourse of L2 requests." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085763.
Full text
25
Howe, Lewis Chadwick. "Cross-dialectal features of the Spanish present perfect a typological analysis of form and function /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154122894.
Full text
26
Hoff, Mark Randall. "Settledness and Mood Alternation: A Semantic-Pragmatic Analysis of Spanish Future-Framed Adverbials." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555349686252856.
Full text
27
Iida, Eri. "Hedges in Japanese English and American English medical research articles." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99723.
Full textAbstract:
The present study analysed the use of hedges in English medical research articles written by Japanese and American researchers. The study also examined the relationship between Japanese medical professionals' employment of hedges and their writing process. Sixteen English medical articles: eight written by Japanese and eight by Americans were examined. Four of the Japanese authors discussed their writing process through questionnaires and telephone interviews.The overall ratio of hedges in articles written by the two groups differed only slightly; however, analyses revealed a number of specific differences in the use of hedges between the groups. For example, Japanese researchers used epistemic adverbs and adjectives less frequently than the American researchers. The results were discussed in relation to the problems of nonnative speakers' grammatical competence, cultural differences in rhetorical features, and the amount of experience in the use of medical English.
28
Watanabe, Tomoko. "Corpus-based study of the use of English general extenders spoken by Japanese users of English across speaking proficiency levels and task types." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19549.
Full textAbstract:
There is a pronounced shift in English language teaching policy in Japan with the recognition not only of the importance of spoken English and interactional competence in a globalised world, but also the need to emphasise it within English language pedagogy. Given this imperative to improve the oral communication skills of Japanese users of English (JUEs), it is vital for teachers of English to understand the cultural complexities surrounding the language, one of which is the use of vague language, which has been shown to serve both interpersonal and interactional functions in communications. One element of English vague language is the general extender (for example, or something). The use of general extenders by users of English as a second language (L2) has been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of research into the use of general extenders by JUEs, and their functional differences across speaking proficiency levels and contexts. This study sought to address the knowledge gap, critically exploring the use of general extenders spoken by JUEs across speaking proficiency levels and task types. The study drew on quantitative and qualitative corpus-based tools and methodologies using the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Japanese Learner English Corpus (Izumi, Uchimoto, & Isahara, 2004), which contains transcriptions of a speaking test. An in-depth analysis of individual frequently-occurring general extenders was carried out across speaking proficiency levels and test tasks (description, narrative, interview and role-play) in order to reveal the frequency, and the textual and functional complexity of general extenders used by JUEs. In order to ensure the relevance of the application of the findings to the context of language education, the study also sought language teachers’ beliefs on the use of general extenders by JUEs. Three general extenders (or something (like that), and stuff, and and so on) were explored due to their high frequency within the corpus. The study showed that the use of these forms differed widely across the JUEs’ speaking proficiency levels and task types undertaken: or something (like that) is typically used in description tasks at the higher level and in interview and description tasks at the intermediate level; and stuff is typical of the interview at the higher level; and so on of the interview at the lower-intermediate level. The study also revealed that a greater proportion of the higher level JUEs use general extenders than do those at lower levels, while those with lower speaking proficiency level who do use general extenders, do so at an high density. A qualitative exploration of concordance lines and extracts revealed a number of interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions across speaking proficiency levels: or something (like that) functions to show uncertainty about information or linguistic choice and helps the JUEs to hold their turn; and stuff serves to make the JUEs’ expression emphatic; and so on appears to show the JUEs’ lack of confidence in their language use, and signals the desire to give up their turn. The findings suggest that the use of general extenders by JUEs is multifunctional, and that this multi-functionality is linked to various elements, such as the level of language proficiency, the nature of the task, the real time processing of their speech and the power asymmetry where the time and floor are mainly managed by the examiners. The study contributes to extending understanding of how JUEs use general extenders to convey interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions in the context of language education, in speaking tests and possibly also in classrooms, and provides new insights into the dynamics of L2 users’ use of general extenders. It brings into questions the generally-held view that the use of general extenders by L2 users as a group is homogenous. The findings from this study could assist teachers to understand JUEs’ intentions in their speech and to aid their speech production. More importantly, it may raise language educators’ awareness of how the use of general extenders by JUEs varies across speaking proficiency levels and task types. These findings should have pedagogical implications in the context of language education, and assist teachers in improving interactional competence, in line with emerging English language teaching policy in Japan.
29
Soprana, V?ctor Marques. "Hedging in writing : an analysis of business-related scientific articles written in english by brazilians and native speakers of english." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7961.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by PPG Letras (letraspg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-10T14:45:37Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Disserta??o - Victor Marques Soprana.pdf: 956604 bytes, checksum: 661af12f2b9fc53dc6a8eb5828c1791b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-23T18:51:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Victor Marques Soprana.pdf: 956604 bytes, checksum: 661af12f2b9fc53dc6a8eb5828c1791b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T19:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Victor Marques Soprana.pdf: 956604 bytes, checksum: 661af12f2b9fc53dc6a8eb5828c1791b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-19
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
A l?ngua inglesa se tornou crucial para o sucesso em publica??o de artigos cient?ficos no atual mundo acad?mico globalizado. Embora o ingl?s tenha se tornado uma Lingua Franca e, portanto, seja usado para falar com pessoas que possuem diferentes l?nguas maternas que compartilham o ingl?s como segunda l?ngua, a mesma abertura n?o ? encontrada em artigos cient?ficos ? os quais possuem uma estrutura espec?fica, independente da nacionalidade do escritor. Considerando tal processo multicultural, esta disserta??o objetiva prover a escritores de artigos cient?ficos um referencial te?rico sobre a relev?ncia do conhecimento intercultural e pragm?tico durante a escrita, especialmente sobre o uso de estrat?gias de hedging. Esta disserta??o foi desenvolvida baseada na hip?tese de que algumas caracter?sticas pragm?ticas, especificamente hedging, podem ser transferidas da primeira l?ngua (L1) de um autor para sua segunda l?ngua (L2) e que tal transfer?ncia poderia diminuir a possibilidade de publica??o de artigos cient?ficos em revistas acad?micas. Para confirmar tal hip?tese, foi desenvolvido: inicialmente, um referencial te?rico foi apresentado, provendo bases te?ricas sobre consci?ncia pragm?tica, transfer?ncia pragm?tica e comunica??o multicultural. Ap?s, hedges e estrat?gias de hedging foram introduzidas e discutidas, focando nas diferen?as entre hedges e hedging, e o efeito pragm?tico causado pelo uso de hedging. A se??o seguinte descreve a metodologia e an?lise da se??o de introdu??o de artigos cient?ficos produzidos por um falante nativo (NS) e um falante n?o-nativo (NNS), neste caso um brasileiro. Ambos artigos cient?ficos encontram-se dentro da mesma ?rea de conhecimento, a ?rea de neg?cios. A an?lise previamente mencionada e o referencial te?rico baseiam sugest?es sobre como reescrever frases categ?ricas encontradas no artigo escrito por um NNS. Como resultado, muitas ocorr?ncias de falta de hedging por NNS foram encontradas, evidenciando a necessidade de uma maior consci?ncia pragm?tica quando um autor NNS escreve artigos cient?ficos
English has become crucial for success in publishing scientific articles within the globalized academic world. Although English has become a Lingua Franca and, therefore, has been used to speak among people with different mother tongues who share English as a second language, the same openness is not found within scientific articles ? which have a specific structure, regardless of the nationality of the writer. In light of this multicultural process, this thesis aims to provide scientific article writers with a theoretical outline about the relevance of cross-cultural and pragmatic knowledge when writing, especially regarding the use of hedging. This thesis was developed based on the hypothesis that some pragmatic features, specifically hedging, might transfer from a writer?s first language (L1) to their second language (L2) and that such transfer would diminish their chances in successful publication of scientific articles in journals. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the following has been developed: first, a theoretical background has been presented, providing basis on pragmatic awareness, pragmatic transfer and multicultural communication. After, hedges and hedging strategies have been introduced and discussed, focusing on the differences between hedges and hedging, and the pragmatic effect that hedging causes. The following section describes the methodology and comprises the analysis of the introduction section of scientific articles produced by a native speaker (NS) and a non-native speaker (NNS), in this case a Brazilian. Both scientific articles are within the same area of knowledge, namely the business area. The aforementioned analysis and theoretical research support suggestions on how to rephrase categorical sentences found in the article written by a NNS. As a result, many instances were found where NNSs hedging is lacking, evidencing the necessity of an enhanced pragmatic awareness when a NNS writes a scientific article.
30
Saberi, Kourosh. "Routine Politeness Formulae in Persian: A Socio-Lexical Analysis of Greetings, Leave-taking, Apologizing, Thanking and Requesting." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7887.
Full textAbstract:
Speakers of Persian, like speakers of other languages, utilise Routine Politeness Formulae (RPF) to negotiate central interpersonal interactions. RPF in Persian have not received any systematic description as to their forms, their functions, their typical conditions of use and their discourse structure rules. Bridging this gap, for the first time, RPF from five frequently-used speech acts – namely, greeting, leave-taking, apologizing, thanking and requesting – are documented in this thesis.
Data were derived from Persian soap operas and from role-plays with native speakers, and were entered into a database for further analysis. The analysis is qualitative and the data are conceived of as phraseological units to be represented as dictionary entries.
The study of the aforementioned speech acts and their related array of RPF reveals the dynamics of interpersonal polite behaviour among Persians, reflecting the following socio-cultural values prevalent in Iranian society: (i) its group-oriented nature, (ii) a tendency towards positive (solidarity) politeness, (iii) sensitivity to remaining in people’s debt, (iv) sensitivity to giving trouble to others, (v) a high premium on reciprocity in interpersonal communications, (vi) the importance of seniority in terms of age and social status, and (vii) differentiation between members of the ‘inner circle’ and the ‘outer circle’. This thesis also reveals the dominance of the strategy of self-lowering and other-elevating. Almost all RPF in Persian allow for the use of this pervasive strategy, which is also manifested by two further sub-strategies: (i) a propensity to exaggerate favours received from others, and (ii) giving precedence to others over oneself. Finally, it is suggested that Islamic teachings have significantly influenced the formation and use of certain RPF.
The dictionary resulting from this work can serve as a resource for researchers in sociolinguistics and pragmatics, and for the teaching of Persian to non-Persian speakers.
31
Olen, Peter Jackson. "Sellars in Context: An Analysis of Wilfrid Sellars's Early Works." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4191.
Full textAbstract:
Although Wilfrid Sellars's work holds a prominent place in recent analytic philosophy, little work has been done to situate his early approaches to normativity and the philosophy of language in their proper context. What little work has been done tends to emphasize Sellars's connection to a then dominant logical empiricism at the expense of marginalizing other American philosophical schools. On top of this historical issue, most scholars attempting to explain Sellars's systematic philosophy tend to ignore a developmental picture of Sellars's positions and focus on explicating the systematic character of his thought. My dissertation attempts to correct both of these tendencies by offering a historically situated account of Sellars's early papers that presents his views in relation to logical empiricism, the "Iowa School" of philosophy as embodied in Gustav Bergmann's and Everett Hall's writings, and some aspects of traditional American philosophy. By fleshing out the context of Sellars's early papers, it becomes clear that the "strong" normativist project present in his later essays developed out of his shift from his attempt to fit "traditional" philosophical problems into a formalist approach to language. My thesis acts as a "correction" to the previous interpretive points by presenting a more complex characterization of the contextual influences on Sellars's early papers and creating a foundation for a developmental account of Sellars's later views. I do this by examining evidence from Sellars's unpublished correspondence and works from a myriad of archival sources in conjunction with an analysis of his early publications.
32
Andersson, Kajsa, and Stina Englund. "Pragmatisk förmåga hos barn med cochleaimplantat." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57636.
Full textAbstract:
A cochlear implant (CI) is a hearing device that makes it possible for individuals who are deaf or has a severe hearing impairment to receive auditory information and develop spoken language. The pragmatic ability may be affected. In short, pragmatics may be described as the study of language use in social contexts. Pragmatic ability can be seen as the result of the individual‟s behavior as well as the underlying causes.
The aim of the present study was to describe the pragmatic ability in children with CI. An approach inspired by Conversation Analysis (CA) was used in order to highlight the various phenomena that occurred in the interaction.
Seven children with CI participated in the study, five girls and two boys. Each conversation consisted of either a child with CI interacting with a peer, or a child with CI interacting with a parent or a teacher. A total of 14 conversations were analyzed and phenomena relevant to the study were examined. To gather further information regarding the children‟s communicative behavior, Children’s Communication Checklist was filled in by parents and teachers.
The children who participated in the study constitute a heterogeneous group and there was no clear pattern when it comes to hearing-impairment and pragmatic ability. The result showed that children with CI used both specific and non-specific requests for clarification. It seems as if intelligibility on the sentence level may reflect how efficient the interaction turns out, as the children with high intelligibility were the ones who managed to solve misunderstandings the best in the conversations. Furthermore, the result demonstrated that the adult participants used a higher rate of specific requests for clarification in contrast to children with CI.
Ett cochleaimplantat (CI) är ett hjälpmedel som gör att personer med grav hörselnedsättning eller personer som är döva får möjlighet att höra och utveckla talat språk. Den pragmatiska förmågan kan vara påverkad. Pragmatik kan i stort betecknas som studiet av språkanvändning i interaktion och pragmatisk förmåga kan beskrivas som ett resultat av individens beteende samt bakomliggande orsaker.
Syftet med föreliggande studie var att beskriva pragmatisk förmåga hos barn med CI. Ett arbetssätt inspirerat av Conversation Analysis (CA) har använts för att belysa fenomen som förekom i interaktionen.
I studien deltog sju barn med CI, varav fem flickor och två pojkar. Deltagarna videofilmades när de interagerade med en jämnårig kamrat, respektive en person ur förskolepersonalen eller en förälder. Totalt 14 samtal analyserades och för studien relevanta fenomen belystes. För att inhämta kompletterande information kring barnens samspelsförmåga fylldes Children’s Communication Checklist i av föräldrar och personal.
Barnen som deltog i studien är en heterogen grupp. Vidare ses inga entydiga mönster vad gäller hörselnedsättning och pragmatiska förmågor. I studien visades att barn med CI använder sig av både generella och specifika begäran om förtydligande. Förståelighet på meningsnivå tycks avspegla hur effektivt samspelet fortskrider då de barn som har hög förståelighet är de som har färre begäranden om förtydligande i samtal. Vidare visar resultaten att de vuxna samtalsdeltagarna använder fler andel specifika begäran om förtydligande i jämförelse med barn med CI.
33
Owtram, Nicola Tamzin. "The pragmatics of academic writing : frameworks and approaches for the contrastive analysis of two research article introductions in English and Italian." Thesis, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419857.
Full text
34
Leow, James A. "An Amphichronic Analysis of Modals of Necessity in Cuban Spanish." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594994490255345.
Full text
35
Wright, Mary Elisabeth. "Pragmatic Quotation Use in Online Yelp Reviews and its Connection to Author Sentiment." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6210.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has established that punctuation can be used to communicate nuances of meaning in online writing (McAndrew & De Jonge, 2011). Punctuation, considered a computer mediated communication (CMC) cue, expresses tone and emotion and disambiguates an author's intention (Vandergriff, 2013). Quotation marks as CMC cues can serve pragmatic functions and have been understudied. Some of these functions have been generally described (Predelli, 2003). However, no corpus study has specifically focused on the pragmatic uses of quotations in online text. Consumer reviews, a genre of online text, can directly impact business profits and influence customers' purchasing decisions (Floyd, Freling, Alhoqail, Cho & Freling, 2014). Businesses are investing in sentiment analysis to gauge their target market's opinions (Salehan & Kim, 2016). Sentiment analysis is the computerized appraisal of a text to determine whether its author is expressing a positive or negative opinion (Novak, Smailovic, Sluban & Mozetic, 2015). Sentiment analysis programs are still limited and could be improved in accuracy. Most programs rely on lexicons of words given a pre-determined polarity value (positive or negative) out of context (Novak et al., 2015). However, context is crucial to communication, and sentiment analysis programs could incorporate a better variety of contextual linguistic features to improve their accuracy. Quotations used for pragmatic communication is such a feature. This study discovered seven pragmatic quotation uses in a 2014 Yelp review corpus: Collective Knowledge, Non-standard, Grammatical, Non-literal, Narrative, Idiolect, and Emphasis. An ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were performed, and the results were significant. Pragmatic category accounted for 15% of the variance in review star rating. The Collective Knowledge category and the Narrative and Non-literal categories were significantly different from each other. The Collective Knowledge category showed a correlation with positive sentiment, while the Narrative and Non-literal categories displayed a correlation with negative sentiment. These three categories are likely present in several types of online text, making them valuable for further sentiment analysis research. If these pragmatic patterns could be detected automatically, they could be used in sentiment algorithms to give a more accurate picture of author opinion.
36
Lindblad, Inga-Britt. "Lokalradiospråk : en studie av tre lokalradiostationers sändningar." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82892.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents studies of a socially highly relevant text category, local radio broadcasts. The language of news programmes in particular from three local radio stations - Radio Gotland, Radio Västerbotten and Radio Östergötland - has been studied in the light of the intentions behind the introduction of local radio, and the ambitions expressed by the radio people involved. Different factors for analysis and description of local radio language are presented and used in an empirical study of broadcasts from the three stations. Both regional and national variations and differences are taken into consideration. Language and context are analyzed on separate levels: complete news texts, sentences and clauses, words and phonemes. The methods vary from a pragmatic text-typology analysis to a syntactic study based on modern spoken language research. Particular consideration is given to the aspect of local radio language that establishes contact with listeners - greetings, forms of address, and studio talk between items. A receiver-oriented perspective is used to interpret the results - the concept communicative distance, that is to say the distance between the listener and the medium that she/he feels there is on the basis of the language used in the programmes. A demonstrable pattern has been found in the relations between extra- and intra-linguistic factors and what in this study is termed the communicative distance. Compared with that of national radio, the commuicative distance of local radio language tends to be somewhat less. Of the three local radio stations Radio Gotland tends to have the least and Radio Västerbotten the greatest. The book concludes with three perspectives on further research.digitalisering@umu
37
Philip, Biji A. "Conversational Repair Strategies in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1225745290.
Full text
38
Keck, Casey S. "A Descriptive Study of Pragmatic Skills in the Home Environment after Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470043710.
Full text
39
Modena, Maria Estela Maiello. "As faces do Edifício Master: um estudo sobre faces em entrevistas de cinema documentário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14558.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Maria Estela Maiello Modena.pdf: 1507004 bytes, checksum: e0cbb7296496450eeb120a95457400c6 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-04-13This study aims to identify and analyze problems related to the preservation and the threat of faces on interviews made for film documentary. For the development of the research, we selected a corpus composed of fifteen interviews which can be found within the documentary film Edifício Master (Eduardo Coutinho, 2002) and we sought to ascertain how the participants of the film selected defend and/or threat their faces, taking into consideration the singularity of the interaction s situation involved: the presence of cameras, future projection on a large scale, interlocutors interacting as "actors" of a film etc. Based on a socio-interactionist approach, the analysis started from a theoretical framework based mainly on the theories of Conversation Analysis and Pragmatics Linguistics. From these theories some of the needed subsidies were withdrawn, respectively, for the analysis of the characteristics that specify interview genus and, in particular, the documentary film interviews, and also for understanding the concept of face and other concepts derived from it. The analysis of the research s material has shown that for the construction, preservation and threat of their faces, the interviewees from the Edifício Master faced a dilemma in which their self-image, possibly valued in the social group they are part of, get into a conflict with the image they built to give strength to the character they represent in the film. The interactions made by the participants of the documentary will, therefore, seek for a balance between the roles they play in society and the roles they play in the film. The specificities of the selected corpus brought to light some elements that were not listed in most daily interactions, showing potential for further investigation and thus justifying the study
Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os problemas que envolvem a preservação e a ameaça de faces em entrevistas de cinema documentário. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, selecionou-se um corpus composto de quinze entrevistas pertencentes ao documentário cinematográfico Edifício Master (Eduardo Coutinho, 2002) e buscou-se averiguar de que modo os participantes do filme selecionado defendem e/ou ameaçam suas faces, tendo em vista a singularidade da situação de interação em que estão engajados: presença de câmeras, futura projeção em grande escala, interlocutores interagindo como atores de um filme etc. Valendo-se de uma abordagem sócio-interacionista da linguagem, partiu-se de um referencial teórico embasado, sobretudo, em teorias da Análise da Conversação e da Pragmática Lingüística. Dessas teorias, retiraram-se os subsídios necessários, respectivamente, ao exame das características que particularizam o gênero entrevista e, em especial, as entrevistas de cinema documentário, e à compreensão do conceito de face e de outros conceitos dele derivados. A análise do material de pesquisa revelou que, relativamente à construção, preservação e ameaça de suas faces, os entrevistados-personagens do Edifício Master são colocados diante um dilema em que a imagem de si construída e, possivelmente, valorizada no grupo social do qual fazem parte entra em conflito com a imagem cinematográfica por eles construída para dar força à personagem que representam no filme. Os movimentos interacionais realizados pelos participantes do documentário vão, portanto, no sentido de uma busca de conciliação entre os papéis que desempenham na sociedade e os papéis que desempenham no filme. As especificidades do corpus selecionado trouxeram à luz elementos que não figuram na maioria das interações cotidianas, revelando possibilidades de estudos ainda pouco investigadas e justificando, assim, o estudo realizado
40
Rodríguez, Peñarroja Manuel. "Instruction of foreign language pragmatics: the teaching and acquisition of multiple speech acts using an explicit focus on forms approach, audiovisual input and conversation analysis tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/362941.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the teaching and learning of multiple speech acts from an interlanguage pragmatics perspective since the already existing materials for that purpose have been considered as impoverished in terms of reflecting the use of language in its context. The first chapter "Pragmatics and Speech Act theory" includes the description of Pragmatics as the main area of study which this thesis is based on. It also includes the description of concepts related to pragmatics, such as speech acts, politeness and context. There is also a description of communicative competence paradigms in which pragmatics is included. Interlanguage Pragmatics field of research is introduced as the main research area including pragmatics studies related to the learning and acquisition of different pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects by non-native speakers. These studies have been classified as cross-sectional, longitudinal and those of pragmatic transfer and development. The last part of this first chapter includes a revision of speech act theories and concepts related as well as the taxonomies of the different speech acts studied in this thesis (complaints, apologies, requests, suggestions and refusals). The second chapter "Pragmatics Learnability, Acquisition and Teachability" includes the description of the conditions stablished for language learning, those of input, output and feedback. A revision of the approaches for developing pragmatics is also presented focusing on three different models, The Noticing Hypothesis, the Two-Dimensional model for L2 proficiency development, and the Interaction Hypothesis. We also comment on language instruction in pragmatics by describing the implicit/explicit, deductive/inductive learning conditions. The last part of this chapter is devoted to the revision of the present paradigms in pragmatics instruction (Focus on Meaning, Focus on Forms, and Focus on Form). The third chapter "Audiovisual Input and Conversation Analysis" is focused on the description of audiovisual materials as a rich and appropriate pragmatic source of input, and Conversation Analysis as one of the main source for the analysis of conversations derived from audiovisual input sources, in our case. Thus, we first provide a description of audiovisual genres followed by research already carried out with positive outcomes as regards pragmatics acquisition which includes films, sitcoms and drama, and captions audiovisual aids used. Last, we introduce Conversation Analysis in general terms for a posterior focus on learners as conversational analysts with the aim of making them aware of how language is used in its context. The fourth chapter "Classroom research in Pragmatics" is devoted to the description and explanation of the different written and oral research methods in Pragmatics' studies. This chapter also includes the motivations for the development of this thesis and the research questions and hypotheses which will be confirmed or not. The fifth chapter "Method" is aimed at the description of the study and includes a description of the participants, the instruments of data collection (rank-ordering tasks, written assessment tests, oral production tests, after-treatment questionnaire, and native speakers questionnaire. Furthermore, a description of the instructional treatment and materials used are also present in this chapter as well as the data collection procedures, instructional sessions and coding and analysis of data. The sixth chapter "Results and Discussion" includes the presentation of five research questions and 17 hypotheses derived from them. The first research question and related hypotheses are focused on the effects of our instruction on awareness; the second research questions is aimed at the description of the effects in written production; the third research question tries to determine the effects of our instructional model on our participants' oral production of speech acts pairs; the fourth research question and subsequent hypotheses are devoted to ascertaining the effects of using audiovisual materials on participants' awareness and production; the sixth and last research question tried to shed light on the effects of the different practices on participants' awareness and production. The last part of this thesis includes a conclusion in which a summary of the research questions and results from the hypotheses is pointed out. Some pedagogical implications and the limitations derived from our study are described in order to be taken into account for further research. This volume also includes a references section in which all the studies cited throughout the main text are present as well as an appendix section which includes all the materials developed for the instructional period (pre and post-tests, students' handout, tasks, power point presentation in class)
41
Furner, Emily Kay. "Cultural Differences in Russian and English Magazine Advertising: A Pragmatic Approach." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6730.
Full textAbstract:
Many American companies looking to increase sales and achieve growth targets consider expanding the reach of their product lines to other countries. However, expansion on a global scale often requires much trial and error as English-speaking companies try to market their goods to a foreign audience. In order to ease this process, localization experts are often hired to "localize" or change advertisements in order to make them more culturally relevant to consumers. Because the field of localization is relatively new, there is little research done on the degree and extent to which advertisements are localized. The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural differences in advertising between Russia and the United States of America. Two different samples of print magazine advertisements were taken from beauty magazines published in Russia and America to determine how much, if any, localization is occurring in Russian media. In order to compare the different advertising strategies of Russia and the United States, 235 non-localized Russian advertisements and 128 localized advertisements were coded for several different pragmatic features that Simpson (2001) included in his "reason" and "tickle" advertising framework. The results were then analyzed through content analysis and Chi-square statistics to find what pragmatic features are characteristic of localized and non-localized Russian ads. The study found that non-localized Russian advertising places more emphasis on reason-based persuasion strategies—most notably celebrity endorsement and extensive listing of reasons to buy a particular product. Localized Russian advertising, in contrast, uses more tickle-based persuasion tactics such as metaphor and implicature. 80% of localized Russian advertisements had little to no change in their advertising text from the English version of the advertisements, which means that the rate of localization in Russian advertising is currently low. Low rates of localization and differing persuasive techniques among the two samples signify the need for better cultural awareness in international marketing campaigns.
42
Smirnova-Cotet, Tatiana. "Les slogans publicitaires dans la Russie contemporaine : analyse rhétorique et pragmatique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040219.
Full textAbstract:
La présente thèse est dédiée à l'étude du slogan publicitaire russe moderne, son fonctionnement en tant que formule laconique et frappante dans le cadre de l'analyse du discours. Nous nous intéressons dans un premier temps à l'histoire du slogan russe, à son évolution à travers des faits linguistiques qui étaient différents suivant telle ou telle époque de l'histoire russe. Comme le but du slogan publicitaire est d'agir sur le consommateur potentiel, une grande partie de notre travail est consacrée à l'étude de l'aspect rhétorique : la classification et les champs d'application des différentes figures du discours, y compris des figures innovantes pour les slogans russes, telles que les constructions segmentées, les jeux de mots et leurs différents types, les phrases nominales, etc. Dans la dernière partie de notre thèse, nous nous focalisons sur l'aspect pragmatique et montrons le slogan dans une perspective interculturelle, en construisant une pragmatique du traduire. Nous regroupons différents procédés de transformation pragmatique nécessaires pour l'obtention d'un slogan adapté à la langue et à la culture cibles et définissons la transcréation comme processus et résultat du travail du traducteur de slogans, afin d'éviter les phénomènes d'inadéquation lexicale, sémantique, syntaxique ou culturelleThis thesis is dedicated to the study of modern advertising slogans in Russia, and its function as a laconic and striking formula in the field of discourse analysis. We focus initially on the history of Russian advertising slogan, including its evolution discussed through a comparative study of linguistic facts associated with a given period of Russian history. Since the end goal of an advertising slogan is to influence a potential consumer's buying decision, a crucial part of our study is dedicated to the analysis of the rhetoric aspect of advertizing slogans: classification and analysis of application scope of various figures of speech, including forms of slogans that are innovative for Russian advertising, for example, segmented structures, word play and its varieties, nominative phrases, etc. In the last part of our thesis we focus on pragmatic aspect and show the slogan in the frame of cross-cultural communication, by building up the concept of translation pragmatics. We gather and provide a list of different pragmatic transformation devices that are aimed to adapt the source slogan to the cultural perception of the target audience. We define transcreation as a process and a result of a translator's work and insight that permits to avoid the inadequacy phenomena on lexical, semantic, syntactic, and cultural levels
43
Truan, Naomi. "“Who Are You Talking About?”. The Pragmatics of Third-Person Referring Expressions : a Contrastive Corpus-Based Study of British, German, and French Parliamentary Debates." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL014.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail analyse la manière dont les expressions de la troisième personne dénotant des êtres humains peuvent référer aux destinataires d’un énoncé – par opposition à l’allocutaire – en français, anglais et allemand. Les formes de la troisième personne incluent tout élément linguistique déclenchant un accord à la troisième personne, considérée comme une catégorie hétérogène : pronoms (il(s), elle(s), on, en français, he, she, they, one en anglais, er, sie, man en allemand), pronoms interrogatifs et indéfinis (qui, quiconque, whoever, anyone, wer), quantifieurs (tous, chacun, certains, all, every, anyone, some, alle, jeder, manche, etc.), relatives précédées par ceux (ceux qui, those who, diejenigen, die) et groupes nominaux contenant un nom dénotant un agent humain (peuple, personnes, citoyen, people, citizen, Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, etc.). A partir d’un corpus de débats parlementaires en France, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni, nous montrons que les locuteurs peuvent référer aux destinataires, conçus comme un rôle discursif distinct des personnes empiriques, par des expressions de la troisième personne. L’accent mis sur la première et la deuxième personnes a conduit à un relatif oubli des formes de la troisième personne. Pourtant, la conceptualisation des destinataires par des expressions de la troisième personne est explicite, omniprésente, fonctionnelle et se produit à une fréquence égale dans l’ensemble du corpus. En se concentrant sur le rôle discursif du destinataire, une attention particulière est accordée au système constitué par la deuxième et la troisième personnes, prises dans leur continuité plutôt que leur opposition, dans l’acte de référenceBased on a corpus of British, French, and German parliamentary debates, this research presents an integrated account of how third person expressions denoting human referents can encode the targets of an utterance – as opposed to the addressee. Third person forms include every linguistic item triggering third person agreement, regarded as a heterogeneous category: third person pronouns (he, she, one, they in English, il(s), elle(s), on in French, er, sie, man in German), interrogative and indefinite pronouns (whoever, qui, quiconque, wer), quantifiers (all, every, many, some, anyone, tous, chacun, beaucoup, certains, alle, jeder, viele, manche, etc.), relative clauses introduced by those (those who, ceux qui, diejenigen, die), and noun phrases containing a noun denoting a human agent (people, citizen, peuple, personnes, citoyen , Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, etc.). I combine a trilingual contrastive research design with a qualitative discourse-analytic and a quantitative corpus- based perspective to determine how reference to the targets of an utterance, conceived as a speech role distinct from the empirical persons, can be achieved by third person expressions. With most existing research focusing on the first and second persons, third person reference has been considerably neglected. Yet, the conceptualisation of targets via third person expressions is explicit, pervasive, functional, and occurs with equal frequency throughout the political spectrum. By focusing on the newly refined speech role of the target, attention is given to the continuity between second and third grammatical persons as a system referring to addressees and targets of an utterance
In dieser Arbeit präsentiere ich eine umfassende Analyse der Funktionsweisen von englischen, französischen und deutschen Ausdrücken der dritten Person zur Bezeichnung menschlicher Referenten, an die eine Äußerung gerichtet ist. Zu den Formen der dritten Person gehören alle sprachlichen Elemente, die in Bezug auf die grammatischen Kategorien Person und Numerus mit Verben in der dritten Person verwendet werden: Personalpronomen (er, sie, man im Deutschen, he, she, they, one im Englischen, il(s), elle(s), im Französischen), Interrogativ- oder Indefinitpronomen (wer, whoever, qui, quiconque), Quantifikatoren (alle, jeder, viele, manche, all, every, many, some, anyone, tous, chacun, beaucoup, certains), Relativsätze (diejenigen, die, ceux qui, those who), und Nominalsyntagmen, die ein Substantiv enthalten, das einen menschlichen Referenten bezeichnet (Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, people, citizen, peuple, personnes, citoyen, etc.). Anhand eines Korpus britischer, französischer und deutscher Parlamentsdebatten kombiniere ich ein sprachkontrastives Forschungsdesign mit einer qualitativen Diskursanalyse und einer quantitativen korpusbasierten Perspektive, um zu bestimmen, wie der Bezug auf die gemeinten Referenten erfolgt. Bisher hat sich die Forschung auf Formen der ersten und zweiten Person konzentriert und die dritte Person vernachlässigt, obwohl explizite, funktionale Bezüge auf den intendierten Referenten einer Äußerung in der dritten Person allgegenwärtig sind und im gesamten politischen Spektrum vorkommen
44
Sheridan, McKinzie Craig. "A COMPARISON OF GROUP VERSUS INDIVIDUAL THERAPY ON THE OUTPUT OF APPROPRIATE UTTERANCES IN A SIX-YEAR-OLD GIRL WITH AUTISM: A CASE STUDY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/5.
Full textAbstract:
Children with autism spectrum disorders typically experience language deficits in multiple areas, including form, content, and use. These children often receive speech therapy with individual sessions (one child and clinician), group sessions (several children), or a combination of both. Although research has deemed individual therapy successful, there is still debate regarding the success of group therapy, and there is virtually no literature examining a comparison between individual and group therapy. The current case-study investigated the relative effectiveness of individual versus group therapy for one six-year-old female with moderate autism spectrum disorder. The child underwent ten alternating therapy sessions of similar structure with consistent language targets during one academic semester. All sessions were transcribed using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) conventions, and analyzed via the SALT program and Microsoft Excel t-tests. Results indicate that individual sessions yielded larger improvement with syntax and semantics, while group sessions produced greater progress with pragmatics and social skills, suggesting that a combination of both therapy types may be most beneficial. Social validation of group therapy also signified high parent satisfaction with overall growth during the semester. Implications of this study, as well as recommendations for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
45
Fisher, Justin. "Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195796.
Full textAbstract:
Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis is a proposed methodology for attributing correct application conditions, or 'meanings', to concepts. This methodology involves two stages: first, we seek an empirical understanding of the ways in which usage of a given concept has regularly delivered benefits, and, second, we seek an explication of that concept which is optimally capable of delivering benefits in these ways. Such an explication captures the 'pragmatic meaning' of a given concept. Chapters 1-3 articulate Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis and the notion of pragmatic meaning, and show how these are related to other philosophical methodologies and accounts of concept-meaning.Chapter 4 uses a 'bootstrapping argument' to establish that Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis has two important virtues. The first phase of this argument establishes that Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis has normative authority - it reveals explications that we have practical and epistemic reason to adopt, whether we take these explications to be semantically revisionary or not. This normative authority licenses using Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis, in the second phase, to explicate our shared concept of concept-meaning. This yields the conclusion that we have epistemic reason to adopt the notion of pragmatic meaning as our explication of 'concept-meaning'. Having explicated our concept in this way, we see that Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis also has descriptive authority - it is a semantically conservative tool that reveals concept-meaning, thus explicated.The initial presentation of the bootstrapping argument considers only one sort of work that our concept of concept-meaning does - helping to guide our application of other concepts. But this concept also regularly delivers benefits in a second way - by helping us to give good explanations for the behavior and behavioral success of various concept-users. Chapter 5 uses the normative authority of Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis to justify a particular account of how good explanations work. Chapter 6 draws upon this account to argue that, in order best to explain people's behavioral successes, we need an explication of concept-meaning that is closely related to the one presented in Chapter 4.Chapter 7 considers several objections and hard cases, and argues that Pragmatic Conceptual Analysis weathers these storms in good shape.
46
Husain, Razia A. "Urdu Resultive Constructions (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu)." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/10.
Full textAbstract:
Among Urdu’s many verb+verb constructions, this thesis focuses on those constructions, which combine the stem of a main content verb with another inflected verb which is used in a semantically bleached sense. Prior work on these constructions has been focused on their structural make-up and syntactic behavior in various environments. While there is consensus among scholars (Butt 1995, Hook 1977, Carnikova 1989, Porizka 2000 et al.) that these stem+verb constructions encode aspectual information, to date no clear theory has been put forward to explain the nature of their aspectual contribution. In short, we do not have a clear idea why these constructions are used instead of simple verbs. This work is an attempt to understand the precise function of these constructions. I propose that simple verbs (henceforth SV) in Urdu deal only with the action of the verb whereas (regardless of the semantic information contributed by the second inflected verb,1) the stem+verb constructions essentially deal with the action of the verb as well as the state of affairs resulting from this action. The event represented by these constructions is essentially a telic event as defined by Comrie (1976), whose resultant state is highlighted from the use of these constructions. The attention of the listener is then shifted to the result of this telic event, whose salience in the discourse is responsible for various interpretations of the event; hence my term ‘resultive construction’ (henceforth RC). When these constructions are made using the four special verbs (rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’), the product is not resultive. Each of these verbs behaves differently and is somewhere between a resultive and an auxiliary verb construction.
This work can be extended to other verb-verb construction in Urdu and other related and non-related languages as well. The analysis of the precise function of the RCs can also help in developing a model for them in various functional grammars. The proposed properties of RCs can be utilized in the semantic analysis of the Urdu quantifiers. This work should aid in identification and explanation of constructions in other languages, particularly those that are non-negatable under normal contexts.
[1] All second inflected verbs with the exception of four special verbs rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’. These four special verbs are either auxiliaries or modals as identified in prior literature.
47
Azize, Rafael Lopes. "Paradigmas de analise conceitual em Wittgenstein." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280188.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Arley Ramos MorenoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azize_RafaelLopes_D.pdf: 844404 bytes, checksum: 64147efa71c1bc86f0c988b6b72479f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Este trabalho investiga a atividade filosófica de análise conceitual segundo a concebe o Wittgenstein tardio, do ponto de vista da maneira como tal análise contribui para exibir os limites casuísticos do sentido após o Tractatus. A análise conceitual é então considerada sobretudo do ponto de vista do seu escopo, i.e., do seu terminus. Três momentos são pontuados, correspondentes aos três capítulos: 1. o momento de introdução das regras como objeto de análise, no contexto dos respectivos sistemas de regras; 2. o momento de pluralização dos sistemas de regras, isto é, quando o âmbito de esclarecimento duma regra extrapola para sistemas encadeados, quando então se introduz o conceito de jogo de linguagem para dar conta do modo desse encadeamento; e por fim, 3. o momento em que a análise conceitual encontra os seus limites últimos no contexto amplíssimo e vago (die Umgebung) da forma de vida. Paralelamente a essa tripla pontuação, ressaltam-se alguns aspectos mais específicos, relativos às diferenças entre os três paradigmas de análise: 1. os diferentes procedimentos de análise, ou esclarecimento, solicitados por cada paradigma; 2. aquilo que, em cada paradigma, conta como conceito; e, por fim, 3. um movimento amplo, que se mostra numa consideração retrospectiva dos três paradigmas, de ampliação do âmbito analítico em direção ao ambiente pragmático.
Abstract: This work investigates the philosophical activity of conceptual analysis as conceived by the latter Wittgenstein, from the point of view of the way in which it contributes to exhibit the casuistic limits of sense after the Tractatus. Conceptual analysis is thus considered particularly from the point of view of its scope, of its terminus. Three moments are pinpointed, corresponding to the three chapters: 1. the moment when rules are introduced as objects of analysis, in the context of the corresponding systems of rules; 2. the moment of pluralization of the systems of rules, i.e., when the field of a rule's clarification extrapolates to chained systems, and the concept of language game is introduced to account for the mode of such continuity; and finally, 3. the moment in which conceptual analysis finds its outer boundaries in the very broad and vague context (die Umgebung) of the form of life. Parallel to this, more specific aspects are outlined, relative to the differences between the three paradigms of analysis: 1. the different procedures of analysis, or clarification, required by each paradigm; 2. what counts as a concept in each paradigm; and finally, 3. a wider movement, which is revealed in a retrospective consideration of the three paradigms, of broadening of the analytical scope, toward the pragmatic environment
Doutorado
Doutor em Filosofia
48
Nguyễn, Minh Chính. "L'injonction dans le Français parlé d'une approche en langue à une analyse de corpus." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030023.
Full textAbstract:
Les grammairiens considèrent que l’impératif est le moyen normal pour formuler une injonction. Cependant d’autres moyens tels que l’assertion, l’interrogation, les expressions averbales sont possibles. Notre thèse se propose d’étudier les caractéristiques syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques ainsi que la répartition de ces moyens en fonction des activités linguistiques pratiquées par les locuteurs. Nous avons retenu cinq situations (entretien, petit commerce, didactique – institutionnelle et didactique – amicale).Après avoir défini sur une base pragmatique, nous avons essayé de dégager les configurations très fréquentes et celles qui restent exceptionnelles, de voir comment les compétences linguistiques sont mobilisées par les locuteurs pour satisfaire les attentes normatives dans les différentes situations sociales qui constituent notre corpusThe grammar considers that the imperative form is the normal means to formulate imperative utterances. However, other means like assertives, interrogatives and non-verbal expressions are possible. Our thesis studies the syntactical, semantic and pragmatic caracteristics of these structures and their distributions according to the linguistic activities. We have taken five situations (interview, small commerce, didactical – institutionnal, didactical – friendly).Adopting a pragmatic definition of the imperative, we tryed to figure out the frequent and exeptionnel configurations, to see how linguistic skills are mobilized by speakers to satisfy the normative expectations in these different social situations
49
Robinson, Melissa Aubrey. "A Man Needs a Female like a Fish Needs a Lobotomy: The Role of Adjectival Nominalization in Pejorative Meaning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157617/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis documents the grammatical processes and semantic impact of innovative ways to pejoratively reference individuals through adjectival nominalization. Research on nominalized adjectives suggests that when meanings shift from having one property (1) to becoming a kind with associated properties (2), the noun form often encodes stereotypical attributes: [1] "Her hair is blonde." (hair color); [2] "He married a blonde." (female, sexy, dumb). Likewise, the linguistic phenomenon of genericity refers to classes or kinds and different grammatical structures reflect properties in different ways. In 1 and 2 above, the shift from adjectival blonde to indefinite NP a blonde moves the focus from the definitional characteristic to the prototypical. Similarly, adjectival gay [3] is definitional, but the marked, nominal form [4] adds socially-based conceptions of the "average" gay (example from Twitter): [3] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay man? (sexuality) [constructed]; [4] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay? … (flamboyant, abnormal). To investigate innovative reference via nominalization, two corpus studies based in human judgment were conducted. In the first study, a subset of the corpus (N=121) was annotated for pejoration by five additional linguists following the same guidelines as the original annotator. In the second study, 800 instances were annotated by non-experts using crowd-sourcing. In both studies we find a correspondence between nominal status and pejorative meaning.
50
Joanilho, Mariangela Peccioli Galli. "As metaforas da lingua nacional." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270299.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Eduardo Roberto Junqueira GuimarãesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T01:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joanilho_MariangelaPeccioliGalli_D.pdf: 6869222 bytes, checksum: c7082ca04a4cbed3c5b72573dee86dbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Nesse trabalho, propomo-nos discutir os percursos de configuração dos sentidos da língua nacional no Brasil, a partir de um estudo de textos produzidos por autores brasileiros ¿ jornalistas e não-jornalistas, no jornal O Estado de São Paulo, no fim do século XIX e início do XX. A tentativa é a de compreender como se estabelece a designação: por um lado, os sentidos sobre a língua foram produzidos por metáforas naturalistas e, por outro, trata-se de mostrar que a língua era um espaço de trabalho no qual a construção da identidade e do sujeito nacional estavam assegurados. Pode-se dizer que desse confronto emergem diferenças e/ou regularidades que, no caso de nosso trabalho, permitem observar a fundação de um discurso sobre identidades brasileiras, a partir da compreensão do modo como se sustentam as posições enunciativas, quando se fala sobre o sujeito no período proposto. Sobre isso, poderíamos antecipar o fato de que os sentidos sobre o sujeito se constituem num movimento de dupla designação, em que o primeiro coincide com o que se nomeava por uma aproximação (e seus vários confrontos) entre as significações de ¿estrangeiro¿ e ¿brasileiro¿, em solo nacional. Esses dois sentidos serão trabalhados pelos de língua e escola, na constituição da ¿civilidade¿ e do ¿progresso¿ ¿para o Brasil de amanhã¿. Esta pesquisa foi realizada essencialmente no quadro teórico dos estudos históricos da enunciação em suas aproximações com a análise de discurso francesa. Partimos de suas premissas para analisar a constituição enunciativa e discursiva do sentido metafórico na significação da língua nacional brasileira. Esperamos, assim, tornar visíveis algumas questões que constituem os domínios dessa relação particular de construção do sentido
Abstract: Our purpose is to discuss the routes of configuration of senses of the mother tongue in Brazil, based on a study of texts written by Brazilian authors ¿ publicists and non-publicists, in the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, by the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. Our attempt is to understand how the designation is established: on the one hand, the senses about the language were created by naturalistic metaphors; on the other hand, we intend to show that the language was a workspace in which the construction of the identity as well as of the national subject were secure. It is possible to say that, based on this parallel, differences and/or regularities emerge which, in this case, make it possible to observe the foundation of a discourse about Brazilian identities, based on the understanding of the way the enunciative positions are supported when one speaks about the subject in the proposed period. As for that, it is possible to anticipate the fact that the senses about the subject are considered a double designation movement, in which the former coincides with the one that was denominated by approximation (and its various parallels) between the meanings of ¿foreigner¿ and ¿Brazilian¿, in the national ground. These two senses will be dealt with by those of language and school, in the constitution of ¿civility¿ and ¿progress¿ ¿for the Brazil of tomorrow¿. This research was carried out essentially in the theoretical framework of the historical studies of the enunciation in their approximations with the French discourse analysis. We were based on two premises to analyze the enunciative and discourse constitution of the metaphorical sense in the meaning of the Brazilian mother tongue. We hope to bring to light some issues that constitute the domains of this particular relation of the construction of senses
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística