Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Practice of transparency'
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Silfvergrip, Linnaea. "Chemical transparency." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124817.
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The use of chemicals in the textile industry is increasingly recognized as a problem and a matter of public concern. A proper EU policy on the subject is still missing. However, as testified by the number of self-organized communities and activist campaigns emerging around this theme, a demand for higher transparency is rising from the base of society. A kit made of a new label graphic; a hyperspectral camera and a mobile app have been design as a possible strategy to allow fashion companies to better meet the needs of their consumers. This final configuration opens up for a reflection about design practice, trust and transparency.
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Gustafsson, Josef. "Certificate Transparency in Theory and Practice." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125855.
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Certificate Transparency provides auditability to the widely used X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKIX) authentication in Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. Transparency logs issue signed promises of inclusions to be used together with certificates for authentication of TLS servers. Google Chrome enforces the use of Certificate Transparency for validation of Extended Validation (EV) certificates. This thesis proposes a methodology for asserting correct operation and presents a survey of active Logs. An experimental Monitor has been implemented as part of the thesis. Varying Log usage patterns and metadata about Log operation are presented, and Logs are categorized based on characteristics and usage. A case of mis-issuance by Symantec is presented to show the effectiveness of Certificate Transparency.
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Choi, Myeonghun. "Essays on Insurer’s Transparency and Risk Management Practice." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/554733.
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Business Administration/Risk Management and InsuranceD.B.A.
This dissertation consists of two topics. Chapter 1 explores the relationship between firm transparency and managerial behaviors of the U.S. Property-Casualty (P&C) insurers. Using data between 1996 and 2015, we test whether credit rating agencies (CRAs) provide useful information to monitor insurers’ loss reserve management behaviors as watchdogs. In addition, we investigate how insurers recognize the rating difference given by different CRAs. We find that holding a rating does not necessarily affect insurers’ reserve management behaviors. However, loss reserve estimation tends to be more accurate as more ratings are given to an insurer. Such findings suggest that multiple CRAs stimulate insurers to accurately estimate their reserves through the enhanced monitoring function. We also find a marginal impact of rating difference on an insurer’s loss reserve estimation. Firms with rating difference tend to underestimate their loss reserves. Nevertheless, this does not considerably deteriorate the reserve forecast accuracy. Although the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) aims at regulating publicly traded firms, it seems to affect over the market. Our empirical results show that insurers’ reserve estimation accuracy is improved after the enactment of the SOX. Moreover, the enactment of SOX alleviates an under-reserving behavior of firms with rating difference. Chapter 2 investigates the derivative practice of the U.S. life insurers. Over the last two decades, derivatives have been used extensively as a risk management tool in the financial market. In the U.S. insurance market, life insurers have accounted for over 95% of total derivative transactions, a proportion much higher than that in other countries. However, there are only a few prior studies examining the practical use of derivatives in the U.S. life insurance market. In addition, several limitations exist in terms of data they used (single-year, outdated, and inaccurate). In this study, we compile accurate derivative transaction data by taking a close look at the underlying asset and the traded market. We then examine the determinants of derivative (swap in particular) participation and the extent of transactions using samples from 2001 to 2015 which includes major events such as the U.S. financial crisis and the Dodd-Frank Act. We find that the determinants of derivative/swap participation are different from those of transaction volumes. We also find that the impact of the financial crisis on derivative usage is very limited in the life insurance market. However, the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act not only reduces the likelihood of swap participation but also stagnates the growth of the swap transaction volumes, while the total derivative transaction volumes are significantly increased. Such findings indicate that the costs of the new regulation outweigh its benefits, due to the inefficient and inadequate regulatory changes.
Temple University--Theses
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Shimmel, David Philip. "Transparency in theory, discourse, and practice of Landscape Architecture." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366213070.
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Fedirko, Taras. "Beyond government? : policy and practice in the UK Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12301/.
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This dissertation is a critical exploration of the changing social world of policy-making in the British central government. It examines new forms of governance that engage international corporations and non-governmental organisations into the making of state policy in the UK. It focuses on a case of one transnationally mobile blueprint for a collaborative anti-corruption policy. Implemented in the Whitehall, this policy, called the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), has had profound effects on how government officials exercise their authority. I describe the EITI as a densely scripted model for policy, organised around an infrastructure of official collective forms, which structurally gear its implementation to consensual deliberation. I suggest that this formal set-up makes necessary constant social work of negotiating difference and maintaining relationships. This leads me to argue that the institutions of the UK EITI not only provide a social and political forum for the negotiation of disclosure rules, but set in motion complex social and political dynamics, and engender epistemic and ethical dilemmas, that simultaneously contributed to, and undermined, policy-making. My dissertation sheds new light on the increasingly networked, transnational character of ‘domestic’ policy-making. It analyses the political, social and affective dimensions of collaborative policy-making, and explains how ethical and epistemic dilemmas that arise from collaboration of civil servants and their ‘stakeholders’, affect the policy. Opening up the ‘black box’ of the UK EITI in order to recuperate its sociality and understand the agency of official abstractions enabling it, this thesis explores how British civil servants and their expert stakeholders, navigate the terrain of statecraft transformed by their collaboration. Collaboration, I contend, transforms policy-making because it brings into play social interests, relations, and practices, which are rarely associated with state bureaucracies. At the same time, the ways in which this collaboration is formally organised, restrict the government’s control over the policy that it makes. Affecting policy-making within the government, collaboration results in processes of governance beyond government.
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Eckert, Christoph. "Transparenz im Gesetzgebungsprozess : das Prinzip der Öffentlichkeit staatslenkender Entscheidungen zwischen Anspruch der Rechtsordnung und Realität /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/386652813.pdf.
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Clary, Pamela Carlson. "“You never know who’s watching”: how technology is shaping practice for social service professionals." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18687.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Melinda S. Markham and Karen S. Myers-Bowman
The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the phenomenon of social networking sites (SNSs) and its impact on practicing human service professionals. In this exploratory study, 33 interviews, comprised of family life educators and social workers, were conducted in order to gain the perspective of how SNSs were being used in practice. A phenomenological approach was used to get at the lived experiences of these professionals. In addition, a Johari Window lens provided a way to understand the level of transparency professionals had when interacting with the digital culture. Themes found described how SNSs were being utilized in practice. These centered on benefits to the agency, clientele, and to the professional. The changing technological climate was shown to be impacting the delivery of services, yet professionals were underutilizing SNSs in practice. Regardless if the professional was on or offline, being recognized as a professional was extremely important. As a result, professionals were cognizant of potential consequences of using SNSs for professional and personal use. This awareness not only led professionals to want to safeguard their privacy, but also provided an opportunity for these professionals to develop guidelines for ethical digital behavior. Implications for research include exploring how a person’s digital status should be defined, if at all, how do privacy and ‘connecting’ influence each other, and what is the impact of viewing others’ posts on the ego strength of the person. The biggest implication for practice was the need for specific policies designed around professional digital behavior. In the absence of specific guidelines, professionals established their own set of rules to guide their practice. However, as more agencies and professions begin to see the need for and develop policies for SNS use, professionals will need to assimilate these new guidelines into their practice.
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Harris, Elizabeth. "Transparent landscape." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3407.
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Tenniglo, Loes, and Anna Katharina Limbach. "Transparency - only a trend or a driver for change? : The opportunities of creating a competitive advantage through transparent communication about sustainable business practices." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12652.
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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine how companies can favorablycommunicate their sustainable practices in a transparent way in order tobe perceived as trustworthy so that a competitive advantage canperhaps be achieved. Further, it will be investigated if transparencywithin the supply chain can be used as a fundament for being perceivedas credible by consumers. Method: The method will be qualitative with an inductive approach. Theresearch will consist of forming a case study based on the companyPatagonia, where primary data will consist of interviews with multipleexperts on the topic. Besides, secondary data will consist of books,journal articles, conference material and information from the websiteof Patagonia. Conclusion: In this research it was found that transparent communication aboutsustainable business practices can increase the trust in brands and canthus deliver a competitive advantage. Hence, companies need to solelyfocus on the core customer, integrate the customer in thecommunication process and deliver easy and clear information. Thisinformation should educate the customer and thus be perceived asvaluable and trustworthy.
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Rashid, Rayhan. "Transparency in the petroleum sector : provisions, perceptions and practices." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650290.
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The petroleum industry is generally regarded as one of the most secretive sectors and Bangladesh's petroleum sector is no exception. In this thesis I examine how transparency, supposedly an opposite notion to secrecy, works in Bangladesh's petroleum sector. Of the many possible aspects of transparency, the study mainly focuses on its information flowfacilitating and accountability-enhancing aspects, and on two benchmarks of transparency, namely, access to information and public participation in the decision-making process. Examination of field data through the lens of these two benchmarks leads to the finding that within a legal framework, both transparency-promoting and transparency-inhibiting modes of approaches can coexist; it is actually the actors whose actions determine the overall transparency outcome in this sector with the actors preferring one mode over the other. It is also found that factors such as perceptions, attitudes, cultures and even prejudices of the actors involved in the sector can influence the actions of the actors when they apply rules and procedures in the petroleum sector on a day-to-day basis. Depending on such influence the actors' actions or the positions they adopt may either impede or promote transparency in practice. However, it has also been found that while the petroleum industry's approach to transparency may not be on a par with the benchmarks of transparency that this research set out to explore, the industry indeed has its own kind of transparency occasions. The research examines each of these occasions, exploring their meeting and departing points with the transparency benchmarks, and looks for answers and explanations. The findings, therefore, may help develop a nuanced understanding of the workings of the petroleum sector generally," and its interplay with transparency particularly.
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Zeliha, Işıl Vural. "Sports Data Journalism: Data driven journalistic practices in Spanish newspapers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672394.
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Treballar amb dades sempre és una part important del periodisme, però la seva combinació amb la tecnologia és una innovació per als diaris. En els últims anys, els diaris han començat a adaptar el periodisme de dades i el periodisme de dades s'ha convertit en part de les redaccions a contra de l'entorn periodístic tradicional dels diaris espanyols. Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu analitzar les pràctiques del periodisme de dades esportius a Espanya amb enfocament quantitatiu i qualitatiu amb anàlisi de contingut de 1068 articles de periodisme de dades publicades per 6 diaris (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, AS, El Mundo, El Periódico, El País) entre 2017-
2019, i entrevistes a 15 participants de 6 diaris (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, AS, El Mundo, El Confidencial, El País). Tant l'anàlisi quantitativa com el qualitatiu es centren en com s'està adaptant el periodisme de dades a Espanya, la seva situació actual i característiques tècniques, oportunitats i amenaces en el seu desenvolupament.Trabajar con datos siempre es una parte importante del periodismo, pero su combinación con la tecnología es una innovación para los periódicos. En los últimos años, los periódicos han comenzado a adaptar el periodismo de datos y el periodismo de datos se ha convertido en parte de las redacciones al contrario del entorno periodístico tradicional de los periódicos españoles. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar las prácticas del periodismo de datos deportivos en España con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo con análisis de contenido de 1068 artículos de periodismo de datos publicados por 6 periódicos (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, AS, El Mundo, El Periódico, El País) entre 2017-2019, y entrevistas a 15 participantes de 6 periódicos (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, AS, El Mundo, El Confidencial, El País). Tanto el análisis cuantitativo como el cualitativo se centran en cómo se está adaptando el periodismo de datos en España, su situación actual y características técnicas, oportunidades y amenazas en su desarrollo.
Working with data is always an important part of journalism but its combination with technology is an innovation for newspapers. In recent years, newspapers have started to adapt data journalism and data journalism became a part of newsrooms to the contrary of the traditional journalism environment in Spanish newspapers. This thesis aims to analyse sports data journalism practices in Spain with quantitative and qualitative approach with content analysis of 1068 data journalism articles published by 6 newspapers (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, AS, El mundo, El Periódico, El Pais) between 2017-2019, and interviews with 15 participants from 6 newspapers (Marca, Mundo Deportivo, AS, El Mundo, El Confidencial, El País). Both quantitative and qualitative analysis focus on how data journalism is being adapted in Spain, its current situation and technical features, opportunities and threats in its development.
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Schutte, Daniël Petrus. "The feasibility of the statement of generally accepted accounting practice for small and medium enterprises / Daniël Petrus Schutte." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4612.
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Governments are becoming increasingly aware of SMEs as economical role players. As a result many initiatives were introduced to address the unique challenges of the SME sector. One of these initiatives was the introduction of a global accounting framework for SMEs by the International Accounting Standards Board entitled the IFRS for SMEs. South Africa became the first country to formally adopt the contents thereof as the Statement of GAAP for SMEs.
The adoption of a formal accounting framework by SMEs is however challenged by, amongst other factors, the informal nature of SMEs, limited global focus, the involvement of owner–managers and different classifications of SMEs worldwide. Owing to these unique attributes it is possible that SMEs have alternative informational needs and as a result the impact of environmental factors on the adoption of the Statement of GAAP for SMEs was considered.
Culture is considered the most important environmental factor affecting the accounting environment. The Value Survey Model of Hofstede was utilised to determine cultural dimensions of accounting students (n = 301) in South Africa and the United Kingdom (UK). The cultural dimensions were extended to the accounting values of Gray after which a distinct set of accounting values was identified for i) the adoption of formal, global and prescriptive accounting standards, ii) based on principles iii) by an informal SME sector. The results also revealed distinct cultural differences within South Africa as well as between South Africa and the UK.
Thereafter the contents of the Statement of GAAP for SMEs/IFRS for SMEs were evaluated against reporting practices of the SME sector in South Africa. Firstly, an assessment of the contents was conducted amongst SME accountants (n = 157) using a five–point Likert–type scale. Secondly, financial statements compiled by the SME sector in South Africa were analysed to determine the relevance of the contents of the illustrative financial statements contained in the Statement of GAAP for SMEs. The analysis entailed a consolidation of a sample of SME financial statements from South Africa (n = 100).
The study revealed that the accounting environment of the SME sector is affected by a wide range of environmental and related factors. These factors were summarised and discussed and recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (Ph.D. (Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Kilaz, Ilker, and Kadir Hayri. "Improving the transparency/anti-corruption efforts in defense procurement: recommendations from global practices." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10632.
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MBA Professional ReportThe purpose of this MBA Project is to explore the risks of corruption throughout the defense procurement cycle, and provide an overview of existing anti-corruption conventions and tools. This report includes background information and corruption focused analysis about defense offset agreements and single-source selection methods. The findings related to these corruption risks are supported with the analysis of three informative defense procurement cases. Additionally, the effectiveness of anti-corruption conventions is evaluated through ten countries' score changes in major corruption indices. Finally, several recommendations are offered to improve the integrity, transparency, and accountability of defense purchases.
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Harrison, Beverly L. "The design and evaluation of transparent user interfaces, from theory to practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27946.pdf.
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Vai, Alex T. "Performance limitations in practical transparent conducting oxide thin films." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b217b317-5b36-4c9f-b1e5-b21fc65ff07b.
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) has long been advanced as a low cost, earth-abundant transparent conducting oxide (TCO) with potential as a replacement for high-performance, but costly, indium oxide (In2O3) based materials in a wide range of technological applications. However, despite decades of research and development efforts, ZnO-based materials have still failed to displace the incumbents in any large-scale applications. Given the compelling materials cost advantages of ZnO, it is almost certain that its poor adoption is due to deficits in its technical performance. This thesis aims to fulfill the need for systematic, fundamental work to identify and examine the factors that limit TCO performance, and in particular, those that limit ZnO relative to In2O3. Using spray pyrolysis as the primary deposition method, many different series of ZnO and In2O3 films have been prepared and examined using a range of chemical, structural, and optoelectronic characterization techniques. After essential background information on the basic physics and chemistry of TCOs, as well as a detailed discussion of the chosen deposition and characterization methods, three main classes of performance limitations will be covered: 1) those related to the intrinsic properties of electronic transport in crystalline TCO domains, 2) those arising in the course of impurity doping, and 3) those occurring due to grain boundary effects and the polycrystalline nature of thin film TCO samples. Taken together, these results will show that preparing ZnO-based TCOs with performance approaching that of the best In2O3-based materials, while very likely to be technically possible, will almost certainly involve overcoming significant engineering and process development challenges that, importantly, are not required to make high quality In2O3. Ultimately, whether ZnO will ever find significant, real-world use as a TCO will depend on whether the deep differences between ZnO and In2O3 performance limits that will be highlighted and examined in this thesis can be bridged in a practical and cost-effective manner.
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Arnold, Fadwa. "Best social audit practices in public service delivery from selected countries: Lessons for the South African local government." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8095.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAThis study is an exploration of best social audit practices in public service delivery from selected countries: Lessons for the South African local government. The study is vital in that the end of apartheid ushered in new sets of challenges in the country and one of these was the need for transformation which saw the birth of the 1996 Constitution which introduced Local government in South Africa which consists of the municipalities. Local government then emerged as the sphere of government closest to the people providing basic services. This is consistent with Part B of Schedule 4 of the 1996 Constitution, which mandates municipalities the responsibility for basic services. This is also supported by the White Paper on Local Government of 1998, the Municipal Structures Act, of 1998 and the Systems Act of 2000 which all explain on the need for the municipality to deliver services, yet many residents are not being served leading to service delivery protest to ensure that service are delivered and others turning to social accountability mechanism such as social audits to improve governance and accountability. This study aims to discover knowledge of best social audit practices from selected countries, aims to describe the best social audit practices and methods of selected countries practicing social audits such as Canada, India and Kenya; outline the challenges of social audits from selected countries and discusses the significance of social audit and methods of selected countries. To achieve this goal the study employed a qualitative research approach and collected data from websites, journals, articles and information on local government in South Africa. The study is both descriptive and exploratory and does not intend to provide conclusive evidence but helps us to have a better understanding of the social audit concept. The study found that the social audit concept yielded considerable and positive results in the selected countries and led to an increase in accountability, participation and transparency, led to an improved service delivery and were effective in detecting corruption and irregularities. It also found that there were challenges relating to social audits like the lack of access to reliable information, the intensive nature of the audit process, the threatening of social auditors and the lack of cooperation within the social audit process. This study suggests that the South African local government sector, explores the social audit concept and process, learn from the challenges relating to social audits, amend its legislation to align with international standards and further strengthen legislation in order to ensure that enabling legislation exists for social audits to operate within. This research provides insights into the social audit concept and its application in selected countries as lessons for the South African local government sector.
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Berg, Jonathan, and Lauri Myllymaa. "Impact of blockchain on sustainable supply chain practices : A study on blockchain technology’s benefits and current barriers in sustainable SCM." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53810.
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Background: The increasing supply chain complexity has made verification of sustainable practices a challenging objective to achieve. Blockchain has been discussed as a potential solution to improve several aspects of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), as traceability and proof of origin for products are increasingly demanded by consumers. This emerging technology was initially developed as a secure distributed ledger for the cryptocurrency sector but has since been implemented in various industries from food to healthcare and logistics. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how blockchain technology can facilitate more transparent sustainable supply chain practices. Two research questions are answered regarding the current barriers and main benefits in the consumer product sector. Method: This thesis takes a qualitative approach to investigate how blockchain can generate more transparent supply chains from a social and environmental perspective. As a multi-case study, triangulation is achieved by analyzing blockchain’s potential to improve transparency and traceability from different viewpoints. Interviews were conducted with consumer product companies to understand current sustainability challenges and with blockchain experts to gain further insight into blockchain’s potential to solve these issues. By gathering data from various perspectives, this thesis takes an exploratory approach combined with a qualitative approach in accordance with the constructional position. Conclusion: This thesis contributes to the current state of blockchain awareness by identifying and distinctively naming the practical challenges. Companies can gain an increased understanding of blockchain and its current challenges in SSCM, regardless of their industry. By knowing which practical challenges blockchain can solve, their willingness to implement the technology can be heightened. The current barriers are presented to emphasize that the knowledge about blockchain needs to be improved before widespread adoption of blockchain is possible. Four practical challenges for consumer product companies were identified: trustworthy information, geographical distance, supply chain complexity, and tracking.
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Al, Kahtani Faleh Salem B. "Current practices of Saudi corporate governance : a case for reform." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7382.
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One of the most debated issues is that of corporate governance. The topic has been investigated by scholars from several scientific fields including the legal. Indeed, corporate governance has been examined by a great number of law scholars, with particular regards to the improvement of various aspects. For example, effective corporate governance focuses on protecting and advancing aspects related to shareholders’ rights, the board of directors and corporations’ internal and external audit systems. The main objective of this research is to suggest reformation to the Saudi corporate governance framework in order to achieve satisfactory corporate governance practices. The second purpose of the research is to investigate the current practices involved in Saudi corporate governance arrangements. The final aim is to determine how a Saudi corporate governance framework would most benefit corporate governance from the Islamic perspective. This study intends to provide a regulatory analysis to influence those regulations that should be implemented to adjust corporate governance practices as they affect the Saudi capital market. The researcher found that Saudi corporate governance has been promulgated in accordance with principles of on-going international corporate governance. Alternatively, the Islamic perspective on corporate governance has been debated more recently, as an idea that needs to be progressed in order to provide associated benefits to the corporate governance framework in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, Saudi corporate governance provisions can be seen as based largely on positive man-made laws. The researcher further discovered that Saudi corporate governance as an institutional framework is divided between several institutions, whether internal or external, which might result in some ambiguity when it comes to implementing good corporate governance practices. However, the research results revealed that Saudi corporate governance provisions have to be reformed in accordance with popular worldwide corporate governance principles, namely the UK Corporate Governance Code, the UK Companies Act and the OECD principles of corporate governance produced.
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Oguagha, Udechukwu Offordile. "A critical evaluation of the effectiveness of local content policy (LCP) and transparency practices in LCP implementation in the Nigerian oil and gas industry." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2742.
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One of the aims of the Local Content Policy (LCP) is the economic development of Nigeria through the utilisation of local personnel and resources in the activities of the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Many studies have investigated the LCP, but limited work has been undertaken in investigating the transparency practices involved in the implementation of the LCP in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The study critically evaluates the effectiveness of the LCP and the transparency practices associated with its implementation. A conceptual framework based on accountability was developed and employed in designing the research instrument. This framework was underpinned by the institutional theory, which links accountability discourse to regulatory institutions where organisations within a particular field are subject to pressures to exhibit legitimacy through socially and culturally authorised administrative routines that are intended to render accountability. The study employed a qualitative methodology and the data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with respondents from twenty-three indigenous oil and gas companies, regulatory bodies, international oil and gas companies and non-governmental organizations. The research findings demonstrate that the various LCP stakeholders’ views on the definition and purpose of the LCP differ significantly. These diverse opinions affect the way in which the LCP is perceived and implemented in the oil and gas industry. The study has been instrumental in revealing a number of positive effects the LCP has generated since its implementation in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. For example, the LCP compelled IOCs to utilise local resources in their operations, resulting in the domestication of oil and gas activities. However, the findings also reveal that the LCP has been enforced despite the lack of local capacity and capability for its implementation. The findings, therefore, highlight a number of challenges associated with LCP implementation including: the lack of infrastructure; insufficient capital and manpower; absence of trust; and the lack of coordination between the regulatory agencies in the industry. The research findings also reveal that there are different levels of transparency in the implementation of LCP. Determination of the level of transparency in LCP implementation and compliance monitoring is at the discretion of the NCDMB and the oil and gas companies, which unfortunately facilitates corrupt practices. Therefore, this study argues that significant improvements are required in transparency practices in LCP implementation by strengthening the LCP’s monitoring and enforcement process. Further, enforcement should strictly be the responsibility of the NCDMB, with no interference from the Nigerian government. Some further recommendations arising from this research include the need for investment in infrastructure that will facilitate indigenous companies’ participation in the industry. Also, efforts should be made to promote partnership and collaboration between indigenous companies and IOCs, encouraging investment in world-class infrastructure that can compete with international standards. To foster this partnership, the government and IOCs must invest in educational institutions which could boost the knowledge and capacity of Nigerians. The research concludes with the development of two new models: (1) The LCP stakeholder perception model; and, (2) The LCP implementation model. These models, which are the main contributions of knowledge arising from this thesis, will potentially aid the effective implementation of the recommendations arising from this study.
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Barnaby, Alice. "Light touches : cultural practices of illumination, London 1780-1840." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3037.
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In the last decades of the eighteenth century, urban lives were touched by a series of innovations in the technology and aesthetics of illumination. Unfamiliar combinations of new fuel sources and auxiliary equipment (for example, curtains, blinds, glass, mirrors and lampshades) meant that cities looked and felt different during both the day and the night. The spheres of elite, popular, public and private culture explored, exploited and were fascinated by the cultural value of light. Through four case studies in the aesthetics of urban illumination, my thesis demonstrates how the acquisition of skills for the manipulation of transparent and reflective surfaces were crucial when negotiating a balance between self-expression and standards of taste, morality, gender and class. Rather than relying upon canonical examples of the period’s fascination with light, such as the high Romantic idealization of nature’s sunrises and sunsets, my thesis investigates more everyday encounters with light in the built environment: the fashionably genteel pastime of transparent painting; the gendering of light to design both domestic interiors and female identity; the appropriation of patrician top-lighting for public buildings of education and exhibition; and the popularity of illuminated spectacles in commercial pleasure gardens. I argue that these new possibilities of lighting temporarily enabled new possibilities of subjectivity. My historical phenomenology suggests that the formation of perception between 1780 and 1840 was actively directed towards changes in the world through a finely-attuned consciousness of light.
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Al-Habshan, Khalid Saad. "Corporate governance disclosure practices and protection of shareholders in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11065.
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Corporate governance in general has become the new crucible in which corporations are tested and declared worthy of the trust of international investors. In an age when countries compete in a global economy, compliance with corporate governance standards has become crucial to the survival of businesses. Especially in the Middle East, which is culturally and politically distant from the rest of the world, compliance with the internationally accepted principles of corporate governance has become a challenge. This thesis aims to examine how a specific aspect of corporate governance—disclosure and transparency—is viewed and applied in the Saudi Arabian context. The results of this study are important primarily for Saudi Arabian businesses positioned to play a significant role in the global economy. The Saudi economy is one that has a number of industries such as the oil industry, which forms the largest contributor of the GDP of the nation; about 67%. Other companies in the country include those, which deal in consumer goods, the financial sector, the media, retail, telecommunications, technology, travel and leisure and telecommunications. The largest conglomerates are those that deal in the oil and gas industry. These companies could benefit greatly from the financial strength provided by international investments, the technical and strategic advantages offered by partnerships and joint ventures with foreign companies and the market leadership obtained by gaining the trust and confidence of consumers in the global market. Achieving these benefits becomes feasible only if Saudi firms can comply with the minimum disclosure and transparency requirements. The thesis employs critical and comparative analyses. It explores the academic literature on corporate disclosure and discusses the theories and principles espoused in the context of the Saudi Arabian legal and regulatory framework. Also discussed is the vital role of the Islamic principles in Sharia law, which forms the basis of the Saudi legal system. This study proposes corporate disclosure practices as the basis for comprehensive reform of Saudi Arabia’s Capital Market Authority. The idea of corporations is alien to the Islamic law, but the idea of disclosure and transparency is a fundamental of the Islamic corporate governance. The disclosures that the organizations make have a target of attaining transparency and the promotion of market discipline concerning the same institutions. There is also the conceptualization of the fact that the effectiveness of the corporate organizations relies on how they complement the international standards. The study offers recommendations for increasing transparency, disclosure and the associated principles in the Saudi Arabian stock market and better protecting minority shareholders. These recommendations follow the United Kingdom’s corporate governance approach but reflect the interests, culture, treaties, Sharia principles and legislative reforms of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The thesis concludes by presenting the Saudi perspective on disclosure and transparency and its prospects for future development.
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Herold, David Martin. "Has Carbon Disclosure Become More Transparent in the Global Logistics Industry? An Investigation of Corporate Carbon Disclosure Strategies between 2010 and 2015." MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics2030013.
Full textAbstract:
Global logistics companies are increasingly disclosing carbon related information due to institutional and stakeholder pressures. Existing research, however, is limited to categorizing these pressures and their influences on corporate carbon disclosure strategies. In particular, literature to date has not distinguished between different carbon disclosure strategies and how they may have changed over time. In response, this paper: (1) proposes a framework that depicts four different carbon disclosure responses and strategies based on internal and external pressures; and (2) subsequently analyzes and compares corporate carbon disclosure strategies between 2010 and 2015. Using a sample of 39 leading global logistics companies, carbon disclosure strategies are categorized based on the analysis of 25 applied carbon management practices from Bloomberg ESG to see if carbon management practices and the associated strategies have changed. The findings show overall shifts to more transparent corporate carbon disclosure strategies between 2010 and 2015 with an increase of applied carbon management practices in both internal and external actions.
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Siganto, Jean Josephine. "Transparent, balanced and vigorous: The exercise of the Australian Privacy Commissioner's powers in relation to National Privacy Principle 4." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/83792/4/Jean_Siganto_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis considers whether the Australian Privacy Commissioner's use of its powers supports compliance with the requirement to 'take reasonable steps' to protect personal information in National Privacy Principle 4 of the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth). Two unique lenses were used. First, the Commissioner's use of powers was assessed against the principles of transparency, balance and vigorousness and secondly against alignment with an industry practice approach to securing information. Following a comprehensive review of publicly available materials, interviews and investigation file records, this thesis found that the Commissioner's use of his powers has not been transparent, balanced or vigorous, nor has it been supportive of an industry practice approach to securing data. Accordingly, it concludes that the Privacy Commissioner's use of its regulatory powers is unlikely to result in any significant improvement to the security of personal information held by organisations in Australia.
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Berg, Sascha. "Att förhandla om rum : en etnologisk analys av hantverkares tal om kundmöten." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1338.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to point out variations of practices in the relationship between professionals of service occupations and their clients. The material consists of four openly conducted thematic interviews with male professionals who work in the environment of their clients' homes.The main theoretical approach of this analysisis undertaken with ethnicity in mind.The practices identified aim to throw light on the boundaries between the differing cultures of professionals and their clients.The analytical termsboundary reduction and boundary maintenanceare used in this research. The two-stage analysis points out different practicesused, in chronological order, during contact between professionals and their clients. This is followed by a statement of the themes which connect, primarily fromthe professional perspective. The results indicate an intimate connection between intercultural and transcultural aspects through the use of cultural transparancy, which is a strategy connecting different roles, aswell as use of loophole tacticsthat afford the possibility of definingspace, place and relationship. It's illustrated how the professionals operate from "within the structures and worldview" of the client, and this analysis also reveals a glimpse of the potential for cultural changein the meeting between different cultures.
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Carvilhe, Wagner Tadeu de Souza. "Práticas inovadoras adotadas nas demonstrações contábeis: um estudo a partir do Prêmio Transparência FIPECAFI/ANEFAC." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/884.
Full textAbstract:
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-16Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This dissertation aims to conduct a qualitative research through a content analysis that intends to verify the winning companies of Transparency Award, sponsored by FIPECAFI - Institute of Accounting, Actuarial FEA / USP and ANEFAC - National Association of Financial Executives Administration and Accounting, innovative practices was adopted in their financial statements in a period of 10 years, from 1999 to 2008 with the publication date in financial year 2000 to year 2009. The written work reviews the literature on the topic and issues. Based on the review it was possible to develop a adequate research model. The research methodology used was content analysis, which has shown that innovative practices to publicly traded companies and Transparency Award winners, since that these companies are using in yours publications financial statements. The development work was made through the analysis of financial statements in which the company won the Award Transparency, compared with the immediately preceding year, in search of innovative practices that add important information to shareholders. As a result highlighted the administrative innovation adopted in the financial statements the companies winning the award transparencies.
Com esta dissertação realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de uma análise de conteúdo que pretendeu verificar se as empresas vencedoras do Prêmio Transparência, promovido pela FIPECAFI Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Contábeis, Atuariais da FEA/USP e ANEFAC Associação Nacional dos Executivos de Finanças, Administração e Contabilidade, adotaram práticas inovadoras em sua demonstrações contábeis no período de 10 anos, do exercício de 1999 ao de 2008, com data de publicação das demonstrações do ano 2000 ao ano 2009. O trabalho realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e questões associadas. Com base na revisão foi possível elaborar um adequado modelo de pesquisa. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa documental com uma análise de conteúdo, que permitiu verificar quais práticas inovadoras as empresas de capital aberto e vencedoras do Prêmio Transparência passaram a utilizar nas publicações de suas demonstrações contábeis. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi conduzido com base nas análises das demonstrações contábeis do exercício em que a empresa foi vencedora do Prêmio Transparência, comparado com o exercício imediatamente anterior, na busca de práticas inovadoras que agregassem informações importantes aos acionistas. Como resultado destacou-se a inovação administrativa adotada nas demonstrações contábeis das empresas vencedoras do Prêmio Transparência FIPECAFI/ANEFAC.
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Wollf, Randy. "The intersection of power, knowledge, shared perspectives, and participatory processes in organizational direction-setting: a study of a church." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/196.
Full textAbstract:
The abuse of power, dominance of certain shared perspectives, and reduction of personal values into so-called organizational core values are problems that plague traditional organizational direction setting. The purpose of this study was to explore how power intersects with the knowledge formation process, shared perspectives, and participatory processes within organizational direction setting.
The study used an ethnographic case study approach to focus on a church that went through a yearlong direction setting process. The church had lost its senior pastor and wanted to determine its direction before hiring a new pastor. The researcher was a participant in that process. His field notes and other documentation provided one source of data. The researcher also interviewed 20 people who participated in the process.
In terms of the intersection of power and knowledge formation, the study revealed that the discursive practices of the facilitator along with the voices of those in privileged groups, the outspoken, and those who had engendered trust in others carried considerable weight during the process.
At the intersection of power with shared perspectives, there were two major perspectives representing subgroup cultures: a traditional perspective that resisted change and a progressive perspective that wanted change. The progressives dominated the church’s privileged groups and exerted extensive influence on the direction setting process. The organizational symbols of church staff and worship music style served to galvanize some people in the battle over which perspective would prevail. Transparency functioned as a bridge that brought some on either side of the conflict closer together.
The research revealed two major types of power related to the intersection of power with participatory processes: the power of pain and intimidation. Both minimized the participation of some women, youth, and traditionalists.
All three intersections featured deployments of power that influenced the construction of directional knowledge. This knowledge helped to inform the rules of “appropriate” conduct within the organization’s emerging truth regime.
The study revealed that, in this case, robust directional knowledge would have accommodated personal, subgroup, and widely shared values in a state of dynamic equilibrium.
The researcher concluded with a discussion of implications for organizational leaders.
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Park, Sehwan. "Les abus de puissance économique dans les relations commerciales déséquilibrées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA013.
Full textAbstract:
La loi doit trouver le moyen de prévenir et sanctionner de façon efficiente les abus de puissance économique constatés dans les relations commerciales déséquilibrés mais sans provoquer d’effets pervers sur le marché et sans ruiner l’efficacité des autres règles relevant du droit de la concurrence. Lorsque les rapports de force entre les parties sont particulièrement déséquilibrés, la partie forte peut imposer des conditions inégales à la partie faible, notamment à la faveur du « facteur crainte ». En effet, tant que le contrat est en cours d’exécution, la partie faible ne réagit pas de peur que la relation commerciale ne se termine. De ce fait, en dépit de la présence de nombreux textes réprimant les abus, la réalité montre qu’ils ne cessent de se répandre. Le législateur agit généralement dans la précipitation, abuse de palliatifs et néglige la faculté d’adaptation des entreprises les plus puissantes qui trouvent souvent le moyen de contourner les règles. En définitive, seul un marché plus équilibré, c’est-à-dire moins concentré, permettrait de remédier durablement aux abus de puissance économique. Dans ces conditions, la mise en place d’une véritable injonction structurelle mériterait d’être de nouveau envisagée. Le présent travail se propose de comparer les principales mesures de prévention et de sanction des abus mises en place en France et en Corée du sud qui, face à un phénomène similaire, adoptent parfois des réponses différentesCompetition provisions seek to regulate the abuse of economic power in unequal commercial relationships. However, in the process, such provisions should not have the effect of adversely impacting the market or harming the proper functioning of other competition rules. When there exists a significant power disparity between parties, the stronger party can impose unequal conditions on the weaker party, particularly through what is called the "fear factor". During the duration of the contractial relationship, the weaker party will not be able to stand up to the stronger party in fear of the commercial relationship being terminated. This is why oppressive behaviors continue in reality, despite the presence of numerous regulations designed to prevent such behaviors. Law makers have a tendency to react by hastily enacting ad hoc regulations. The adaptability of powerful corporations to circumvent the rules is often overlooked. Ultimately, abuses of economic power can only be regulated on a sustainable basis through the creation of a more balanced and less concentrated market. It is in this context that a truly structural approach should be considered. This analysis compares the principal measures against abuses of economic power employed in France and Korea, which sometimes adopt different responses to similar circumstances
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Godard, Lénaïc. "Droits des pratiques anticoncurrentielles et des pratiques restrictives de concurrence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV063.
Full textAbstract:
Le sujet de recherches a pour objectif d’étudier les relations qu’entretiennent les droits des pratiques anticoncurrentielles et des pratiques restrictives de concurrence. De prime abord, ces deux pans du droit de la concurrence se distinguent. Le droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles est composé d’un petit nombre de règles générales et pérennes destinées à protéger la concurrence sur le marché là où le droit des pratiques restrictives de concurrence repose sur un ensemble de règles assez hétéroclites et évoluant au gré de fréquentes réformes visant à protéger les concurrents des abus de leurs partenaires commerciaux. Pourtant, un rapprochement de ces ensembles normatifs est perceptible. D’un côté, il est intervenu avec la notion d’entreprise. Présentée comme étant le sujet du droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles, elle est progressivement devenue celui du droit des pratiques restrictives. De l’autre, une immixtion réciproque des droits se fait jour. En appréhendant l’abus de dépendance économique, le droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles empiète sur la finalité poursuivie par le droit des pratiques restrictives de concurrence. Ce dernier, en raison d’une évolution jurisprudentielle lui conférant un objectif de protection du fonctionnement du marché et de la concurrence, s’immisce également dans une finalité qui ne lui est pas dévolue. Des évolutions apparaissent alors nécessaires à deux égards. La première consiste à proposer de réduire le droit de la concurrence au seul droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Le recours à l’abus de position dominante ou aux ententes anticoncurrentielles permet d’ores et déjà d’appréhender les pratiques restrictives de concurrence. Le recentrage du droit de la concurrence est également l’opportunité de repenser les règles relatives à l’encadrement des prix abusivement bas.La seconde porte sur une reconstruction du droit des pratiques restrictives de concurrence. Celui-ci est amené à devenir un droit des pratiques déloyales entre entreprises. Cette proposition approfondit les évolutions apportées par l’ordonnance n°2019-359 du 24 avril 2019. Un nouveau positionnement dans le code de commerce est suggéré en conséquence de sa sortie du droit de la concurrence. La conception d’un nouveau droit destiné à encadrer les abus contractuels entre entreprises est l’occasion de revenir sur les liens noués avec le droit commun des obligations. Il entretient, avec celui-ci, des liens de complémentarité. Il convient, ensuite, de renforcer les règles encadrant sa mise en œuvre. Une convergence avec celles composant le droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles est envisagée en raison de la richesse des outils qu’il comporte. D’une part, leur propagation au sein du droit des pratiques déloyales entre entreprises sera l’occasion de moderniser les mécanismes de l’action publique en le dotant de procédures facilitant la détection des pratiques abusives ou renforçant l’effectivité de la répression. Cela se manifeste également par la transformation de la CEPC en autorité détentrice des pouvoirs consultatif et de sanction. D’autre part, le droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles constitue une source d’inspiration pour l’élaboration de règles destinées à favoriser l’essor des actions en réparation du fait d’une pratique déloyale entre entreprises et prend corps à différents niveaux : par la consécration de dispositions destinées à améliorer l’articulation avec le contentieux objectif, par l’incorporation de mesures simplifiant les actions en réparationThe purpose of the research topic is to study the relationship between Competition Law and Unfair trading practices Law. At first glance, these two parts of competition law stand out. The Competition Law is composed of a small number of general and permanent rules designed to protect competition on the market where the Unfair trading practices Law rests on a rather heterogeneous set of rules and evolves according to frequent reforms aimed at to protect competitors from abuses by their trading partners. Yet a rapprochement of these Law is perceptible. On the one hand, he intervened with the notion of company. Presented as the subject of the Competition Law, it gradually became the subject of the Unfair trading practices Law. On the other hand, a reciprocal interference of rights is emerging. In apprehending the abuse of economic dependence, the Competition Law impinges on the purpose pursued by the Unfair trading practices Law. The latter, because of a jurisprudential evolution conferring upon it an objective of protection of the functioning of the market and competition, also interferes with a purpose which does not devolve upon it. Evolutions then appear necessary in two respects. The first is to propose to reduce the competition law to the sole right of anti-competitive practices. The use of abuse of a dominant position or anticompetitive agreements already makes it possible to apprehend unfair trading practices. The refocusing of competition law is also an opportunity to rethink the rules relating to the regulation of prices that are unreasonably low.The second deals with a reconstruction of the Unfair trading practices Law. It is to become an Unfair practice between companies Law. This proposal elaborates on the changes made by Ordinance No. 2019-359 of 24 April 2019. A new positioning in the Commercial Code is suggested as a consequence of its exit from Competition Law. The design of a new law designed to regulate contractual abuses between companies is an opportunity to return to the links established with Contract Law. It maintains, with this one, links of complementarity. It is then necessary to reinforce the rules governing its implementation. A convergence with those that make up the Competition Law is envisaged because of the wealth of tools it contains. On the one hand, their spread within the Unfair practice between companies Law will be an opportunity to modernize the mechanisms of public action by providing procedures to facilitate the detection of abusive practices or strengthening the effectiveness of the repression. This is also reflected in the transformation of the CEPC into an authority with advisory and sanctioning powers. On the other hand, the Competition Law constitutes a source of inspiration for the elaboration of rules intended to favor the development of the actions in reparation due to an unfair practice between companies and takes shape on different levels: by the consecration of provisions to improve the articulation with the objective litigation, by the incorporation of measures simplifying the actions in repair
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Silva, Claudio Junior Nascimento da. "Governança e alinhamento estratégico de TIC e negócio no âmbito das empresas sergipanas : proposta de melhorias na Metodologia PETIC a partir da gestão de riscos e da comunicação e transparência de TIC." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3357.
Full textAbstract:
In an increasingly competitive market, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
resources are essential and strategic in organizations. Today, the use of ICTs is a matter of
business survival. In the same way that organizations and the market are constantly changing,
ICTs are constantly evolving, and it is no longer conceivable to treat them only as support
resources, but also as a strategic resource, with risks to the business and being known by all.
Consequently, the use of technological resources must be in line with business objectives. It is
therefore necessary to identify how organizations are promoting the alignment of ICT strategies
with business strategies and how issues of risk and ICT communication and transparency are
being addressed. The present work investigated, after the application of an electronic
questionnaire (survey) to the Chief Information Officers sergipanos, how the ICT governance
practices are adopted by the companies and how they are the planning and the strategic alignment
between ICT and business. As a result, there was a lack of organizations in risk management,
communication processes and strategic alignment between ICT and business, as well as found
that the main ICT governance practices used were own or customized ICT Strategic Planning,
ITIL, PMBOK and BSC. In addition to the ICT governance practices cited, there are other
methodologies and frameworks that propose efficient management of ICT objectives, aligned
with the organizational strategy, among them the PETIC Methodology, developed by the Federal
University of Sergipe. In this scenario, improvements are proposed in the PETIC Methodology,
incorporating in its scope risk management and communication management and ICT
transparency, enabling an ICT assessment that is efficient and in line with the strategic business
objectives. In order to demonstrate the supposition that the inclusion of risk management and
communication and transparency in the PETIC Methodology allows for the elaboration of an ICT
PE more aligned with the business objectives, a case study was applied in a Sergipe company
and, through Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the metrics previously defined, the
improvement in the elaboration of the strategic planning of ICT and in the management of risks
and communication and transparency.Em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo os recursos de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) são essenciais e estratégicos nas organizações. Atualmente, o uso das TICs é uma questão de sobrevivência do negócio. Da mesma forma que as organizações e o mercado estão em constantes mudanças, as TICs estão em constante evolução, não sendo mais concebível tratá-las apenas como recursos de apoio, mas também como um recurso estratégico, com riscos para o negócio e sendo conhecido por todos. Consequentemente, o emprego dos recursos tecnológicos deve estar alinhado com os objetivos do negócio. Faz-se necessário, então, identificar como as organizações estão promovendo o alinhamento das estratégias de TIC com as estratégias do negócio e como estão sendo tratadas as questões dos riscos e da comunicação e transparência de TIC. O presente trabalho investigou, após a aplicação de um questionário eletrônico (survey) aos Chiefs Information Officer sergipanos, como as práticas de governança de TIC são adotadas pelas empresas e como se encontram o planejamento e o alinhamento estratégico entre TIC e negócio. Como resultado, observou-se uma carência das organizações na gestão de riscos, dos processos de comunicação e do alinhamento estratégico entre TIC e negócio, bem como se constatou que as principais práticas de governança da TIC utilizadas foram Planejamento Estratégico de TIC próprio ou customizado, ITIL, PMBOK e BSC. Além das práticas de governança de TIC citadas, existem outras metodologias e frameworks que propõem a gestão eficiente dos objetivos de TIC, alinhados com a estratégia organização, dentre elas a Metodologia PETIC, desenvolvida pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Neste cenário, são propostas melhorias na Metodologia PETIC, incorporando ao seu escopo a gestão de riscos e gestão da comunicação e transparência de TIC, possibilitando uma avaliação de TIC eficiente e alinhada com os objetivos estratégicos do negócio. Para evidenciar a suposição apresentada que a inclusão da gestão de riscos e de comunicação e transparência na Metodologia PETIC permitem a elaboração de um PE de TIC mais alinhado com os objetivos do negócio um estudo de caso foi aplicado em uma empresa sergipana e, por meio de análises qualitativas e quantitativas das métricas previamente definidas, constatou-se o aprimoramento na elaboração do planejamento estratégico de TIC e na gestão dos riscos e da comunicação e transparência.
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Brown, Pamela Anne. "Two practices and one Act: Mangling tecnologically mediated transparency." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5064.
Full textAbstract:
During a municipal election in 2010, Canadian citizens used a blog to enact an ad hoc campaign funding disclosure request of all candidates. After the election, the municipality implemented formal legislation requiring campaign funding disclosure on their own website. This thesis is a case study that explores how two technologically mediated transparency practices were constituted within and outside the scope of legislation. I draw on Andrew Pickering's (1995) notion of the mangle of practice and Karen Barad's (2003) concept of intra-action to conceptualize these transparency practices as a mangle of entwining intra-connected phenomena. In my exploration of policy in practice I deconstruct transparency practice through a discussion of how transparency mechanisms and social media characteristics intra-act and transform each other into a practice that supersedes the original intent of the ad hoc request and formal legislation. This research queries assumptions about transparency practices and contributes to establishing an interdisciplinary methodology for policy evaluation in technologically mediated environments.Graduate
0617
paganda@gmail.com
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Burger, Salmar. "Compliance with best practice governance systems by National Sports Federations of South Africa." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41806.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction of the 2002 King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa has
placed new emphasis on companies to attain higher and more consistent standards of
governance. Based on widely recognised and supported governance frameworks it also
inspired a rising expectation of accountability and transparency across every aspect of
society and also other types of organisations. Through the establishment of the guidelines
found in the King II Report the doors have been opened to sport and its various bodies to
draw from the experience of corporations and to make use of some of these guidelines in
the development of their own guidelines aimed at their own respective needs and purposes.
The sports industry and especially its governing bodies need guidelines for proper
governance due to the raised level of interest and impact of sport lately. As a result of the
corporatisation of sport and increased professionalism, a greater need for proper business
management and governance models within sport becomes apparent.
The government has also placed renewed emphasis on the need for sport to become more
professional in the manner in which it governs itself. If the sports industry cannot achieve
this by means of proactive voluntary action and self-regulation, it runs the risk of legislative
regulation, which threatens to undermine the sanctity of flexibility and self-regulation which
has been central in the development of sport.
This study presents a first attempt to determine the levels of non-adherence by national sports federations of South Africa to the principles of best practice governance, identified
as the pillars of good governance. These principles are taken from the King II Report, and
also the guidelines developed during the first Governance-in-Sport conference. This, a
national study in which all South African national sports federations were approached and
asked to participate, carries the support of Sport and Recreation South Africa as well as the
South African Sports Commission.Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2004.
gm2014
School of Public Management and Administration
unrestricted
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Durnev, Artyom Alex. "Essays on corporate transparency and governance practices /." 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/557808855.pdf.
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Ibrahim, Ali Hussein 1980. "Practical transparent persistence." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10645.
Full textAbstract:
Many enterprise applications persist data beyond their lifetimes, usually in a database management system. Orthogonal persistence provides a clean programming model for communicating with databases. A program using orthogonal persistence operates over persistent and non-persistent data uniformly. However, a straightforward implementation of orthogonal persistence results in a large number of small queries each of which incurs a large overhead when accessing a remote database. In addition, the program cannot take advantage of a database's query optimizations for large and complex queries. Instead, most programs compose smaller queries into a single large query explicitly and send the query to the database through a command-level interface. These explicit queries compromise the modularity of programs because they do not compose well and they contain information about the program's future data access patterns. Consequently, programs with explicit queries are harder to maintain and reason about. In this thesis, we first define transparent persistence, a relaxation of orthogonal persistence. We show how transparent persistence in current tools can be made more practical by developing AutoFetch. The key idea in AutoFetch is to dynamically observe a program's data access patterns and use that information to reduce the number of queries. While AutoFetch is constrained by existing Java technology and tools, Remote Batch Invocation (RBI) adds the batch statement to the Java language. The batch statement is a general purpose mechanism for optimizing distributed communication using batching. RBI-DB specializes the ideas in RBI for databases. Both of these ideas help bridge the performance gap between orthogonally persistent systems and traditional database interfaces.text
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Kraus, Lukáš. "Regulace lobbingu v ČR - doporučení na základě zahraniční zkušenosti." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324853.
Full textAbstract:
Lobbying regulation in the Czech Republic - recommendations based on international experience Summary Lobbying is a natural part of contemporary globalized world, where political interests meet intensively with the economic and other private interests. In order to strengthen the principles, especially transparency and responsibility, some countries adopt lobbying regulation. The USA, Canada, Poland, Hungary, Lithuania and the EU institutions approach to lobbying in some aspects in the same way, in many other aspects they approach to it very differently. Different historical and socio-economical experience of these entities has, often substantial, influence on the differences of their regulation approach. The Czech Republic shares with many mentioned countries the experience of post- communist state, which does not have long democratic political culture and which has many problems with corruption in the public decision-making process. Lobbying regulation under Czech conditions is therefore necessary for raising transparency and responsibility of politicians. During the preparation of the future regulation, it is necessary to respect recmmendations of the international organizations and to thoroughly analyze experience of other states. The necessary parts of the future law should be especially: clear...
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Wischer, Natalie. "Elaboration on the future role sustainable business practices and transparency will play for apparel companies." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/104145.
Full textAbstract:
The world is changingand uncertain. Sustainability-related practicesin business areno longer a niche (Harvard Business School, 2017).The global fashion industry, despite generating over €1.5 trillion turnover annually, hasseenshiftsin criticism for being harmful, anonymous and polluting(Buchel et al., 2018, 7). In response,sustainability initiatives from multiple stakeholders and the sectoritself,are observed increasingly within the market.However,ambiguitystillexistsregardingthe relevance of sustainability,for the competitiveness of the individual industry players. This paper answers that firmsin the fashion industry should prioritize sustainability and integrate the concept intotheir corporate DNA. Transparent operations along the value chain assist thereby.
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Cheng, Hsin-Hsin, and 鄭忻忻. "Personal Data Protection and Mobile Applications Practices on Smart Devices: Empirical Study and Transparency Principle Reinforced." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6s7dkb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
科技法律研究所
102
Smart devices and mobile applications (apps) are increasingly indispensable to modern people. When users operate their smart devices and apps, however, they share a variety of personal information with a multitude of known or unknown players, which significantly raises the public’s concerns on possible privacy invasion. How to protect user’s mobile privacy thus becomes a timely issue. This thesis explores how apps collect personal data, which type of data is collected, and why those practices impose risks on user’s personal privacy. The thesis further analyze the opinions and staff reports of the European Union, United States and International Governmental Organizations newly published in 2013, and find that the notice-and-consent mechanism remains a primary regulatory measure in securing mobile privacy. As identifying the key rule of transparency, the thesis makes an empirical study survey Taiwanese mobile apps user how their attitude and awareness toward current notice-and-consent mechanism and mobile privacy. Basing on the result of the survey, the thesis concludes the deficiencies of notice-and-consent mechanism and present an alternative approach to enhance the efficacy of privacy notice. On those bases, this thesis critically reviews Taiwan’s Personal Information Protection Act and other regulation pertinent to mobile privacy protection, and propose feasible resolutions to contemporary mobile privacy issues in Taiwan.
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"Energy Market Transparency: Analyzing the Impacts of Constraint Relaxation and Out-of-Market Correction Practices in Electric Energy Markets." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38385.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: This work presents research on practices in the day-ahead electric energy market, including replication practices and reliability coordinators used by some market operators to demonstrate the impact these practices have on market outcomes. The practice of constraint relaxations similar to those an Independent System Operator (ISO) might perform in day-ahead market models is implemented. The benefits of these practices are well understood by the industry; however, the implications these practices have on market outcomes and system security have not been thoroughly investigated. By solving a day-ahead market model with and without select constraint relaxations and comparing the resulting market outcomes and possible effects on system security, the effect of these constraint relaxation practices is demonstrated.
Proposed market solutions are often infeasible because constraint relaxation practices and approximations that are incorporated into market models. Therefore, the dispatch solution must be corrected to ensure its feasibility. The practice of correcting the proposed dispatch solution after the market is solved is known as out-of-market corrections (OMCs), defined as any action an operator takes that modifies a proposed day-ahead dispatch solution to ensure operating and reliability requirements. The way in which OMCs affect market outcomes is illustrated through the use of different corrective procedures. The objective of the work presented is to demonstrate the implications of these industry practices and assess the impact these practices have on market outcomes.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2016
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Monyatsi, Pedzani Perci. "Teacher Appraisal: an evaluation of practices in Botswana Secondary Schools." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1413.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an evaluation of the effectiveness of the current teacher appraisal system as practised in Botswana secondary schools. The study sought to establish inter alia the relationship between the current teacher appraisal and the day to day duties of teachers, the extent to which it leads to improvements in the teaching and students' learning process, how it addresses the staff development needs of the teachers, and whether the mechanisms and procedures for the management and implementation of the appraisal system in the schools is adequate.
Teacher appraisal was defined as a process of staff development aimed at the professional development of the teacher through collegial interaction in order to enhance the quality of teaching and students' learning. Other strategies to achieve the effectiveness were also discussed in the thesis.
Chapter One of the thesis provided the orientation of the study, while Chapter Two looked at the international literature on appraisal, including two case studies on the introduction of teacher appraisal in Great Britain and the United States of America. Chapter Three provided the contextual literature for the study. Chapter Four provided the research design of the study. Chapter Five discussed and analysed the research findings and Chapter Six presented the summary, conclusions and recommendations of the study.
A survey questionnaire based on a five items Likert Scale and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data. The study was carried out in the Southern Region of Botswana in the Lobatse and Kanye Clusters of secondary schools.
From both the literature reviews and the empirical research findings, it became clear that:
Teacher appraisal is a process and not an event;
The clarity of the purpose of the appraisal process is fundamental to its effectiveness;
The training of both the appraisees and appraisers on the appraisal process is crucial to its effectiveness;
Feedback is a sine qua non for the appraisal process to be effective.Teacher Education
D.Ed. (Education Management)
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Christodoulou, Esther. "Narrative reflections on charismatic discursive practices." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/991.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose for this research journey was twofold: (1) to discover the power of certain discourses in the charismatic church context and (2) to challenge disrespectful discursive practices in order to co-operate respectful, ethical and caring ways of being. Seven leaders in charismatic churches committed themselves to this qualitative research project. The research process resulted in a confirmation by the participants that some charismatic discursive practices can be abusive and also to the acknowledgement that they too have at times fulfilled the role of abuser, even in unknowingly. This research journey ended in Hope. Hope for more transparency and trust between leaders and members, resulting in more respectful practices.Practical Theology
M.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)
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Pinheiro, Eduardo Justino da Cunha. "O Governo das Sociedades." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2856.
Full textAbstract:
Com a presente dissertação procura aprofundar-se o conhecimento da Corporate Governance,
nomeadamente os contornos associados ao recente reforço das regras subjacente à mesma.
Começa por fazer-se uma breve alusão a vários escândalos a nível mundial e alguns em
Portugal. Ao mesmo tempo tenta-se estabelecer a cronologia dos factos que levaram à
criação, reforço e actualização dos normativos legais, internacionais e nacionais.
No caso português e em relação às empresas cotadas, abordam-se as recomendações emitidas
pela CMVM, que vieram estipular e clarificar alguns termos de salvaguarda dos direitos dos
accionistas.
Para analisar os efeitos em Portugal da implementação do Governo das Sociedades, foi
utilizado como caso prático o Grupo EDP, cuja implementação gradual se iniciou no primeiro
momento em 2002, sendo essa preocupação evidenciada em todas as demonstrações
financeiras entretanto publicadas.The present dissertation seeks to study the knowledge of Corporate Governance, including the outlines associated with the recent strengthening of the rules underlying the same. It is started by making a brief allusion to various scandals in the World, including some in Portugal. At the same time it is tried to establish the chronology of events that led to the creation, strengthening and updating of the legal regulations, international and national. In the Portuguese case, and regarding listed corporations, the recommendations by the CMVM, which came to establish and clarify some safeguarding terms of the rights of shareholders, are addressed. To analyze the Portuguese effects of the implementation of Societies’ Government, it was chosen as a practical case the EDP Group, which gradual implementation began in 2002, being that concern evident in all financial statements published since then.
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Tatossian, Anaïs. "Les procédés scripturaux des salons de clavardage (en français, en anglais et en espagnol) chez les adolescents et les adultes." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6843.
Full textAbstract:
L’un des aspects les plus percutants des avancées de la technologie des quinze dernières années a trait à la communication médiée par ordinateur : clavardage, messagerie instantanée, courrier électronique, forums de discussion, blogues, sites de réseautage social, etc. En plus d’avoir eu un impact significatif sur la société contemporaine, ces outils de communication ont largement modifié les pratiques d’écriture. Notre objet d’étude est le clavardage en groupe qui offre la possibilité aux scripteurs de communiquer simultanément entre eux. Cet outil de communication présente deux caractéristiques importantes aux plans discursif et communicationnel. Premièrement, on admet de façon générale que le clavardage est une forme de communication hybride : le code utilisé est l’écrit, mais les échanges de messages entrent dans une structure de dialogue qui rappelle l’oral. Deuxièmement, le caractère spontané du clavardage impose la rapidité, tant pour l’encodage que pour le décodage des messages.
Dans le cadre d’une étude comparative réalisée sur les pratiques scripturales des clavardeurs francophones (Tatossian et Dagenais 2008), nous avons établi quatre catégories générales pour rendre compte de toutes les variantes scripturales de notre corpus : procédés abréviatifs, substitutions de graphèmes, neutralisations en finale absolue et procédés expressifs. Nous voulons maintenant tester la solidité de notre typologie pour des langues dont le degré de correspondance phonético-graphique diffère. En vertu de l’hypothèse de la profondeur de l’orthographe (orthographic depth hypothesis [ODH]; Katz et Frost 1992) selon laquelle un système orthographique transparent (comme l’italien, l’espagnol ou le serbo-croate) transpose les phonèmes directement dans l’orthographe, nous vérifierons si nos résultats pour le français peuvent être généralisés à des langues dont l’orthographe est dite « transparente » (l’espagnol) comparativement à des langues dont l’orthographe est dite « opaque » (le français et l’anglais). Pour chacune des langues, nous avons voulu répondre à deux question, soit :
1. De quelle manière peut-on classifier les usages scripturaux attestés ?
2. Ces usages graphiques sont-ils les mêmes chez les adolescents et les adultes aux plans qualitatif et quantitatif ?
Les phénomènes scripturaux du clavardage impliquent également l’identité générationnelle. L’adolescence est une période caractérisée par la quête d’identité. L’étude de Sebba (2003) sur l’anglais démontre qu’il existe un rapport entre le « détournement de l’orthographe » et la construction identitaire chez les adolescents (par ex. les graffitis, la CMO). De plus, dans ces espaces communicationnels, nous assistons à la formation de communautés d’usagers fondée sur des intérêts communs (Crystal 2006), comme l’est la communauté des adolescents.
Pour la collecte des corpus, nous recourrons à des échanges effectués au moyen du protocole Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Aux fins de notre étude, nous délimitons dans chacune des langues deux sous-corpus sociolinguistiquement distincts : le premier constitué à partir de forums de clavardage destinés aux adolescents, le second à partir de forums pour adultes. Pour chacune des langues, nous avons analysé 4 520 énoncés extraits de divers canaux IRC pour adolescents et pour adultes. Nous dressons d’abord un inventaire quantifié des différents phénomènes scripturaux recensés et procédons ensuite à la comparaison des résultats.One of the most sticking aspects of technological progress over the last fifteen years is computer- mediated communication (CMC): chatting, instant messaging, e-mail, discussion forums, blogs, social networking sites, etc. In addition to having significantly impacted contemporary society, these communication tools have greatly modified writing practices. The object of this study is group chatting which offers many writers the possibility of communicating simultaneous amongst themselves. This communication tool shows two important discursive and communicational characteristics. First, chatting is generally a hybrid form of communication: the code used is written, but the exchange of messages forms a dialogue structure resembling oral speech. Second, the spontaneous character of chatting imposes speed, both in encoding and decoding messages. Within the framework of a comparative study on writing practices in Francophone chatters (Tatossian and Dagenais 2008), four general categories for all writing variations in the corpus were established: abbreviatory processes, grapheme substitutions, word final neutralisations and expressive processes. Now we are interested in testing the rigueur of this classification in languages where the phonetico-graphical degree of correspondence differs. According to the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis [ODH] (Katz and Frost 1992), in which a transparent orthographic system (such as in Italian, Spanish or Serbo-Croatian) directly transpose phonemes into the orthographic system, we seek to verify whether our results for French can be generalised both to languages with a “transparent” orthographic system (Spanish) and to languages whose orthographic systems are “opaque” (French, English). For each language, two questions were asked: 1. How can attested scriptural practices be classified? 2. Are these graphic practices qualitatively and quantitatively similar amongst both adolescents and adults? The scriptural phenomena related to chatting also imply a generational identity. Adolescence is a period characterised by the quests for an identity. A study by Sebba (2003) on English shows that a relationship exists between “modified spelling” and the construction of identity in adolescents (i.e. graffiti, CMC). In addition, in these communication realms, we see the creation of a community of users based on common interests (Crystal 2006), such as in the adolescent community. A corpus was constructed from exchanges accessed through the Internet Relay Chat protocol. For each language in the study, two sociolinguistic distinct sub-corpora were defined: the first was made up of adolescent chat forums, the second, of a forum for adults. For each language, 4520 sentences, taken from various IRC channels for adolescents and adults, were analysed. First, a quantified inventory of the different scriptural phenomena collected was created and then the results were compared.
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Carvalho, Otília da Conceição Leitão. "A proteção do jornalista: a (re)equação da liberdade de consciência e independência, direitos e deveres num novo espaço público." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22782.
Full textAbstract:
Será que a livre consciência e a independência do jornalista necessitam de uma proteção específica e reforçada, no contexto da apropriação cidadã das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação que potenciam o pluralismo e a democracia? Assumindo como convicção que os direitos dos jornalistas só existem para melhor cumprir os seus deveres para com o público, centramo-nos num dos direitos menos estudados do Estatuto do Jornalista - a independência e a cláusula de consciência. Este direito histórico, vigente em vários países, é protetor de um "status" transversal a todo o jornalismo. Em Portugal encontra-se no artigo 12.º do Estatuto do Jornalista e ancora-se no princípio de que o jornalista deve recusar atos que violentem a sua livre consciência e ofendam a sua dignidade. Na contemporaneidade onde surgem novos direitos e deveres do jornalista, como "le droit d'opposition", o dever de esquecimento, o "fact checking" e o dever de transparência, esta reflexão aborda a importância daquele direito de uma forma construtiva para os "media" e menos estigmatizante para o jornalista, num percurso onde a ética trilha um caminho global.
A investigação baseia-se numa triangulação metodológica de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, através estudo de casos, análise documental, inquéritos e entrevistas a peritos. Concluímos pela pertinência e pela atualidade da cláusula de consciência face ao espartilho laboral-económico que condiciona a liberdade do jornalista, no seu exercício profissional, mas também perscrutamos novos caminhos, novos direitos e novos valores e práticas nesta era globalizante, onde a produção noticiosa se “viraliza” nas redes sociais.Do the journalist's free conscience and independence need specific, reinforced protection in the new context of citizen ownership of the new information and communication technologies that enhance pluralism and democracy? Assuming that the rights of journalists exist only to better fulfill their duties to the public, we focus on one of the least studied rights of the Journalist Statute - the independence and conscience clause. This historical right that exists in several European countries, protects a status that is transverse to all journalism. In Portugal it is found in article 12 of the Journalist's Statute and is based on the principle that journalists should refuse acts that violate their free conscience and offend their dignity. In contemporary times where new rights and duties of the journalist arise, such as le droit opposition, the duty to forget, fact checking and the duty of transparency, this reflection addresses the importance of that right in a constructive way for the media and less stigmatizing for the journalist, in a path where Ethics follows a global path. The research is based on a methodological triangulation of qualitative and quantitative character, through case study, document analysis, surveys and interviews with experts. We conclude by the relevance and timeliness of the conscience clause regarding the labor-economic corset that conditions the freedom of the journalist in his professional practice, but we also look for new ways, new rights and new values and practices in this globalizing era, where news production goes viral on social media.
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Mwamba, Leon Tshimpaka. "An evaluation of the anti-corruption initiatives in Botswana and their relationship to Botswana's development." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14218.
Full textAbstract:
The study focuses on an evaluation of the anti-corruption initiatives in Botswana and their relation to Botswana’s development. An evaluation was needed to find out whether the anti-corruption initiatives were effective and whether there were a correlation between the effectiveness of the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes (DCEC) and the level of development in Botswana.
This study showed that, the DCEC has succeeded to low corruption in Botswana through its most successful public education mandate and debatable good governance. The DCEC has helped to enhance service delivery in the public sector through the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Units (ACUs) within the Ministries aimed at tackling corruption in-house. Consequently, a significant slight improvement was registered in both public health and education sectors. However, that improvement was still minimal to the extent that it has been hampered by the challenging working conditions of the DCEC attributable to the inadequacy of legislation, lack of manpower, shortage of required skills and slow criminal justice system as well as the debatable independence of the DCEC, evidenced by its reporting and appointing lines. This implies that the impact of the DCEC in the development of Botswana has been minimal, as the country is still devastated by socio-economic disparities especially in rural areas.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)