Journal articles on the topic 'Practice of law – psychological aspects'
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1
Chucha, S. Yu. "Artificial intelligence in justice: legal and psychological aspects of law enforcement." Law Enforcement Review 7, no. 2 (June 22, 2023): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(2).116-124.
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The subject. Artificial intelligence is considered as an interdisciplinary legal and psychological phenomenon. The special need to strengthen the psychological component in legal research of artificial intelligence and its introduction into the practice of law enforcement and justice, in particular, is substantiated.The main goal of the study is to confirm or refute hypothesis that AI may be implemented in justice and to substantiate the legal limits of such implementation.The methodology. Based on the comparison of the current legislation, the practice of its application, and other empirical data, internal and external legal and psychological factors of legal regulation and the use of artificial intelligence in jurisprudence and judicial proceed- ings are identified.The main results, scope of application. The analysis of legal and doctrinal definitions of artificial intelligence in jurisprudence has shown that their defining and integral part is relationships that are the result of psychological practices and the subject of psychological science (internal factors). Legal studies of artificial intelligence are based on a psychological conceptual apparatus, all of them legally describe artificial intelligence, first of all, as a psychological phenomenon and build an analogy between the psychology of a living intelligent subject and an inanimate object, humanizing the latter. The federal legislator is also following the path of using the psychological conceptual apparatus. Such categories like human cognitive functions and intellectual activity are applied in Russian Federal Law "On conducting an experiment to establish special regulation in order to create the necessary conditions for the development and implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in the subject of the Russian Federation - the federal city of Moscow and amending Articles 6 and 10 of the Federal Law "On Personal Data". The legal and psychological analysis of the practice of using elements of artificial intelligence in corporate governance, justice, labor relations, social insurance, electoral procedures has been subjected.The conclusion is substantiated that an indispensable condition for the introduction of arti- ficial intelligence and its elements into justice is trust on the part of the disputing parties and the court. Such trust is provided with a real possibility of verifying the actions and decisions made with artificial intelligence by psychologically acceptable and legally formalized methods (external factors). The use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement in general and justice in particular is possible in two directions: (1) solving problems related to the approximation of specialized artificial intelligence systems in legal proceedings to human capabilities and their integration to enhance intelligence; (2) creating artificial intelligence, which is the integration of already created elements of artificial intelligence into a single system capable of participating in justice, but does not have the properties of free will and does not acquire legal personality. Law enforcement using artificial intelligence should comply with the principles enshrined in the European Ethical Charter on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems and their environment, the provisions of which should be implemented in domestic legislation, having previously been revised in accordance with the national legal tradition.
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Makarenko, Madina. "Interrogation of foreign citizens: Criminal procedure and psychological aspects." Applied psychology and pedagogy 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2019-80-90.
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The possibility of illegal movement of foreign citizens from countries of residence across state borders to the territory of the Russian Federation has led to the fact that most of them have been criminally active in recent years. Over the past three years, the rate of crimes committed by foreign citizens and stateless persons has not significantly decreased (an average decrease of 6% per year). Based on an analysis of the scientific literature and law enforcement practice, the article discusses some criminal procedural, psychological and other features of interrogation of foreign citizens in criminal investigations. The following features and factors that influence the conduct of interrogations with the participation of foreign citizens are highlighted as necessary: the legal status of a foreign citizen, including the presence or absence of legal immunity or citizenship; language barrier, a complex of ethno-social, ethno-cultural and psychological features of its existence and development.
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Gerasimova, E. N., and K. Yu Goncharov. "PSYCHOLOGY IN LEGAL EDUCATION: MODERN CHALLENGES AND THE STATE OF PRACTICE." Educational Psychology in Polycultural Space 61, no. 1 (2023): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2073-8439-2023-61-1-16-23.
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The article discusses the importance of psychology in the training of future specialists in the field of jurisprudence. The content of the discipline “Legal Psychology” is analyzed from the standpoint of theoretical and practical knowledge, the main approaches to the study of the problems of professional formation of personality, stated in the psychology of higher education, are considered. The article is devoted to an urgent topic – the role of psychology in the training of a future specialist in a transforming society. It is noted that the importance of studying the course “Legal Psychology” at universities is primarily due to the fact that psychological science makes a great contribution to solving the multi-profile tasks of strengthening the legal system and implementing the efforts of the state in the fight against offenses, crimes. As is known, the law enforcement activity of most legal professions takes place in the field of public relations and presupposes high emotional tension, self-organization and the development of skills in communication activities. The formation of psychological knowledge among lawyers is the most important task of training a specialist. Being a borderline science between psychology and jurisprudence, legal psychology is designed to provide a future specialist with an understanding of the psychological features of such a socio-cultural phenomenon as law, the socio-psychological essence of legal regulation, psychological features of human behavior in the field of relations regulated by law. It is noted that psychological knowledge will contribute to the development of psychological competence of students on issues most significant in their future professional activities. The author has made an attempt to investigate the mechanisms of organizing the training of students of law schools in psychology. Training is considered as a complex system that affects all key aspects of the educational process of the university. The objectives of the training are outlined, the methodological basis for planning and organizing psychological education of law students under the guidance of a teacher is presented. The principles of teaching in the context of the organization of the educational process are revealed, during the implementation of which the educational context of psychological disciplines is filled with practice-oriented professional content. This is achieved, according to the author of the article, by updating the content of psychological training of future specialists in the field of jurisprudence.
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Slanov, Oleg T. "Somatic Legal Consciousness: Psychological, Teaching, Philosophical and Legal Aspects." Legal education and science 1 (January 18, 2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1190-2024-1-26-33.
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Purpose. This article is devoted to the problem of somatic law and legal consciousness. The purpose of the study is an interdisciplinary analysis of the implementation of somatic and somatic legal consciousness; consideration of the issue of pedagogical influence in the educational process on the legal education of students, as a way of taking preventive measures to deform the somatic legal consciousness of the individual and forming a correct understanding of the image and value of one’s body; development of a new classification of somatic rights based on the criterion of compatibility with the legal culture of a particular state; consideration of legal aspects of responsibility in the field of realization of somatic rights; analysis of current judicial practice in the field of implementation of legal claims regarding a person’s ability to dispose of his body at his own discretion. Methodology: analysis, synthesis, synergetics, dialectics, epistemology, hermeneutics. Conclusions. The article concludes that the implementation of somatic law should be based on the principle of a responsible attitude towards it. In this regard, the article analyzes the process of forming a person’s responsible attitude towards his body from a psychological and pedagogical perspective. The specifics of body image formation in adolescents have been studied. Deviations and pathologies in the process of a person’s acceptance of himself and his own body are shown, ultimately provoking the desire for radical experiments with it. The paper concludes that there is a need for further scientific development of somatic legal consciousness and the formation in the educational environment of a student’s body image through effective legal education, the formation of students with the necessary legal attitudes, legal ideology, and value ideas — in order to prevent the occurrence of deformations of legal consciousness and spiritual personality defects. The approach to legal socialization must be implemented in the educational process based on a semantic, ideological approach to law. Scientific and practical significance. A qualitatively new perspective on the study of somatic rights through the prism of consciousness made it possible to identify the value foundations of somatic rights and its ideological specifics. The article is aimed at conceptualizing the research activities of scientists, lawyers, teachers and psychologists. The author comes to the conclusion about the need for further scientific and theoretical developments and scientific and practical studies of somatic legal consciousness, their implementation in the educational process in order to form and develop students’ body image, through legal education, modeling the necessary legal guidelines, legal ideology, culture in order to prevent the emergence of deformations of legal consciousness and the achievement of harmony in civil societ y and the rule of law.
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Rus, Velko S., Agata Zupančič, and Nuska Podobnik. "Searching for a New Vision and Professional Identity—The Slovenian Psychological Association 1999-2003." European Psychologist 9, no. 3 (January 2004): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.9.3.180.
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This article presents the structure, processes, climate, and culture of the Slovenian Psychological Association (SPA) in the period from 1999 to 2003. The contribution of the former leadership of the SPA to Slovenian psychology as a profession, science, and academic discipline is discussed. International promotion of the SPA is also covered, as are the following themes: law on psychological practice, Slovenian psychological congresses, financial affairs, some aspects of interpersonal relations, and activities related to the Euro-diploma.
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Dimitrov, Vasil. "Gender change in sport through the lens of law." SHS Web of Conferences 176 (2023): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317604011.
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This report aims to analyse gender change and legal cases related to participation in sports, sports ethics, sports legal relations, regulation and others. In order to solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex methodology is applied: a legal method oriented to the practice of law enforcement, a sociological - axiological method, a comparative analysis between methodological concepts, the judicial practice in Bulgaria and the EU. The analysis interprets decisions of the courts in Bulgaria, the EU and the IOC, as well as psychological and normative aspects related to gender change. European gender reassignment practice, as well as the conditions for legal gender reassignment, are also reviewed. Conclusion: legal gender change does not disturb the balance between personal and public relations, including civil law turnover, but this possibility introduces ambiguity, unpredictability and instability in sports legal relations.
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Dostatnii, Rodion. "OVERCOMING PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS AFFECTED BY MARTIAL LAW." Collection of Scientific Papers of Uman State Pedagogical University, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2307-4906.1.2024.302207.
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In response to the military invasion by Russian forces in Ukraine educational sector faces multiple trials threatening the quality of it’s processes and acquisition of professional skills among Ukraine higher education institutions’ graduates. The primary challenges include psychological uncertainty and increased fear for the future among youth, significantly complicating new profession mastery. The novelty of this work lies in a comprehensive approach to the psychological adaptation of educational processes, incorporating curriculum modification, stress-resilient practice integration and focusing on providing emotional support for students. The article aims not merely to spotlight the issues, but also to offer effective solutions for improving educational seekers’ psychological health, ultimately enhancing education quality in extreme conditions. It seeks to identify optimal adaptation paths for the educational process amidst wartime challenges in Ukraine, ensuring uninterrupted educational activities and strengthening educational seekers’ psychological health. Moreover, it explores strategies enabling educational institutions to maintain instructional quality that meets students’ needs, facilitates their support and ensures psychological stability when traditional teaching methods become limited or irrelevant. Through extensive literature review and methodology analysis this paper highlights the necessity for immediate attention to the issues and fills the existing gap, emphasizing deeper investigation into specific challenges students face during the wartime and developing overcoming strategies. Special attention is paid to adapting educational programs to crisis conditions induced by external factors, aiming for effective psychological support for students and developing approaches to sustain their capability to assimilate and apply knowledge and skills in rapidly changing conditions. This study underscores the importance of developing comprehensive approaches to support students’ mental health and adapting the educational process under the wartime conditions, covering both the educational processes theoretical and practical aspects.
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Marchenko, G. V., A. V. Zabarin, and S. Yu Chimarov. "Forming of Public Confidence in the Activities of Law Enforcement Bodies." Administrative Consulting, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-2-93-109.
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The authors of the article, based on appealing to the works of home and Western researchers on the problems of studying the psychological foundations of confidence, considering the historical and legal aspects of the interaction and practice of the work of state authorities and public organizations with law enforcement bodies at various stages of national history, propose a concept for analyzing the socio-psychological factors of forming confidence to law activities. The article defines the main directions and technologies of work on the formation of public confidence in the professional activities of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, staff members and troops of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops (Rosgvardia) under the condition of the intensification of the negative information and psychological impact of external and internal destructive forces on the personnel of these departments. conclusions are drawn on the need to renew approaches in management activities and increase the effectiveness of conducting activities in this sphere, the fulfillment of it will contribute to support internal political stability in the state, strengthening the rule of law and law and order, security of public safety of citizens.
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Gruzdev, Vladimir Sergeevich. "Psychological legal realism of P. V. Delarov." Юридические исследования, no. 6 (June 2021): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2021.6.35797.
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The subject of this research is the works of the Russian legal scholar of the second half of the XIX century P. V. Delarov, better known to his contemporaries as a collector of antiques. Since the late 1870s he wrote several essays covering the fundamental and applied topics and problems of legal science and practice. His works are poorly studied within the framework of legal disciplines of historical and philosophical-legal profiles, however represent particular interest for the history of establishment of legal thought in Russia. This particular pertains to the author’s reference to the tasks on reforming legal science into psychology of law; renewing the theoretical-methodological principles and characteristics, which allowed the Russian legal scholar to resolve the fundamental contradictions in the area of cognition and interpretation of law, associated with idealistic or realistic arguments. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the following aspects: description and analysis of the legal views of P. V. Delarov, which were not been previously studied in the history of legal thought; substantiation of the conclusions that he formulated the first theoretically mature and developed psychological concept of law within the Russian legal literature; the concept of P. V. Delarov appeared much earlier than the psychological concept of L. I. Petrażycki;. Delarov’s concept in its essence represented a variety of realistic theories that rely on the tendency of “scientification” of jurisprudence within the framework of natural-scientific worldview of the XIX century. This article also presents other generalizations and explanations of P. V. Delarov's legal views, which allow introducing significant clarifications into understanding the processes of the emergence of psychological approaches towards law in the Russian and Foreign legal literature.
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Kaliuha, K. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF THE APPLICATION OF THE PROFILING METHOD." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.29.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the origins of the method of profiling the identity of an unknown criminal. The development of the application of the possibilities of profiling the personality of a criminal and the practice of its application in the activities of law enforcement agencies in the investigation of crimes are investigated. Based on the concept of profiling, as from English. Profile is an integrated crime prevention technique by highlighting the characteristics of persons who committed a crime or are preparing to make it on the basis of psychological, criminological, criminalistic and sociological knowledge; a set of methods and techniques for assessing and predicting human behavior based on the analysis of the most informative signs, forensic portrait of a person, characteristics of appearance, non-verbal and verbal behavior, location, etc. We noted that there is a lot of research by foreign and Ukrainian scientists on the problems of using profiling technology, but not enough attention has been paid to the history of the practice of applying the profiling method. The main names of scientists and the features of their teachings were listed in the abstract, as the stages of development of the introduction of the profiling method in the practice of disclosing and investigating crimes by law enforcement agencies. We said that now the technology of the profiling method is not used as a mandatory measure in the investigation and disclosure of crimes. There are fundamentals of such activities, but it is too early to talk about the widespread use of profiling. At the same time, it can be noted that profiling was successfully used in the disclosure of some resonant crimes related to serial killings. We agreed with individual authors that research on forensic profiling and the behavioral aspects of crimes in Ukraine are in the early stages of development. We noted that since profiling is a young science, it is constantly evolving, and its fields of application are expanding. Today, profiling techniques are used in the field of preventive medicine to correct and prevent the emergence of diseases of psychosomatic etiology. There is also the so-called family profiling, with the help of which specialists try to help family members in solving their family problems. In addition to forensic, criminal and criminological, there is aviation, anti-terrorist, research, psychological, information security profiling, typological. Also, transport, hotel business profiling, personnel, banking and the like. We concluded that profiling technology is a universal comprehensive and modern tool that is advisable to use in law enforcement agencies in investigative, operational, personnel and administrative activities, etc. The history of its development is only gaining momentum. However, today, in law enforcement agencies, not only the profiling technique is not widely used. They do not use this term at all.
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Flyarkovska, Olga, Svitlana Zaiets, and Victoria Melnychuk. "Organization of the Activities of the Psychological Service in General Secondary Education Institutions: International Experience and Domestic Realities in Military Conditions." Problems of Education, no. 2(99) (December 2, 2023): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.52256/2710-3986.2-99.2023.13.
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The study reflects the organizational aspect of the activity of psychological services in some countries of the world and analyses the peculiarities of the functioning of the psychological service established by the general secondary education of Ukraine in the conditions of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation with the help of theoretical and empirical methods, in particular, theoretical analysis and generalization of psychological practice; building theoretical approaches and organizational and methodological conditions for improving the practical activities of psychological service specialists; survey; study of methodological and reporting documentation; application of statistical data processing methods.
The results of the research reflect the state and development of the psychological service in the education system under the conditions of martial law and the implementation of Article 76 of the Law of Ukraine "On Education". It is determined that the psychological service in educational institutions combines four components, namely: scientific, applied, practical and organizational. Aspects of the activity of the psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine are characterized, in particular, conducting scientific research on the problems of methodology and theory of practical educational psychology, researching the patterns of mental development and the formation of a child's personality; development of work methods and technologies by practical psychologists, social pedagogues, including professional training and professional development of specialists; the creation of an effective structure of the psychological education service, which ensures the interaction of all service units on subject and organizational issues. Statistical data on the number, availability, advanced training and appeal of the participants of the educational process to psychological service workers are presented. According to the results of the analysis of the work of the psychological service in the education system and international practices, it was determined that the psychological support of training, the psychological and social-pedagogical support of the participants of the educational process in the conditions of martial law is an extremely important condition for preserving and strengthening the mental health of future Ukrainian generations. Further research requires the development of the principles of management and organizational support for the work of psychological service workers established in general secondary education under military conditions, based on the best international experience.
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Goncharenko, Elena V., Dmitry V. Bannikov, Zurab Yа Mikvabiya, Svetlana B. Taisaeva, Sofia N. Argun, Olga A. Murzova, and Anna A. Jokua. "CRIMINOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ETHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DOMINANT-SUBORDINATE RELATIONS IN THE ‟AGGRESSOR-VICTIM” DYAD." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 29, no. 3 (December 21, 2023): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-3-251-256.
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The investigation of sexual crimes against minor children is the most complicated and responsible work of the investigation. Children who have been involved in criminal acts experience severe stress and mental shock, suffer from borderline personality disorders and even worse mental disorders. Without professional social and medical care, in adolescence and adulthood the depression, neurosis, self-blame, anxiety and guilt they experience are aggravated. It is not uncommon that they lock themselves in, try to hide information because they are afraid of publicity. Working with victims requires empathy, understanding and empathy for their difficult life situation. Sexual abuse of a child includes many criminogenic, social and psychological factors that form the picture of the crime. Learned helplessness and submission appear in disharmonious child-parent relationships and can form the victim’s subordinating behaviour towards the molester. The authors give a description and mechanisms of the emergence of the behavioural pattern ‟submission – dominance”. The aspects of pathological socio-psychological relations from the side of ethology, psychology and criminology are analysed. They give examples from their own practice on victimisation of minor children. The article may be of interest to psychologists, law enforcement and supervisory authorities, lawyers, medical psychologists and psychotherapists.
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Zhirova, M. Yu, and S. V. Kondratyuk. "Criminal-legal and criminological aspects of infanticide in the countries of the anglo-saxon system of law." Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, no. 4 (2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2022-4-18-27.
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The paper considers the criminal-legal and criminological aspects of killing by a mother of her newborn child (neonaticide crimes). The urgency of the research is caused by the application of the experience of foreign schools in the domestic legal science. The scientific thought of the Anglo-Saxon legal school has achieved considerable results in the sphere of preventing such social phenomenon as neonaticide; however, in the domestic scientific literature, these achievements did not find proper representation. The paper covers the study of neonaticide in the Anglo-Saxon scientific literature. The authors summarize the results of the studies covering the issues of classification and prevention of neonaticide in Anglo-Saxon law. Based on the provisions of Anglo-Saxon law, the authors review the terminology of this phenomenon. The paper analyzes the issues of state prosecution in the cases of neonaticide. The authors note the multiplicity of interpretations of the elements of this crime; identify the contradictions in American and English judicial practice. The study shows that the Anglo-Saxon legal system pays attention to the psychological state of a parturient woman and other elements of the subjective aspect of a crime. Minimizing the severity of criminal punishment for the neonaticide crimes taking into account the psychological state of a parturient woman contributes to strengthening the criminal protection of the life of newborns. The definition of the situation of the commission of a crime, the sequence of actions of a guilty person when preparing and executing the infanticide is valuable for the domestic science. In the structure of the way of committing a crime, the authors specify the actions of causing fatal injuries to a newborn, show the differences of this crime from the abandonment of a child in a helpless condition. Other actions specific to a neonaticide crime are specified. The authors conclude that for the domestic criminology, measures used in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon law system are applicable. Preventive measures include wide social assistance to women of reproductive age. To the opinion of scientists dealing with Anglo-Saxon law, compulsory education of young women on the issues of sexual health is an effective prophylaxis direction. Such prophylaxis direction is also applicable in the domestic practice.
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Koder, Jordan, James Dunk, and Paul Rhodes. "Climate Distress: A Review of Current Psychological Research and Practice." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 8115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108115.
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Environmental disasters will increase in frequency and severity due to disruptions to Earth systems, including increased global mean temperatures, caused by human activity, and consequently our health care system will be burdened by ever-increasing rates of illness, mental and physical. Psychologists will need to respond to this pressure by ensuring they have the training, education and interventions to respond to climate-related distress, as well as realising the limits of the therapeutic approach. Climate psychology, a recent field of study integrating and advancing core expertise around climate distress, has become more prominent with the increasing urgency of climate change and emerging documentation of its impacts on mental health and wellbeing. The purpose of this scoping review is to survey the research being undertaken on climate distress, and to identify gaps in the existing literature with a view to shaping practice and informing future research. Younger people, notably, are experiencing climate distress disproportionately and will bear a larger share of the mental health burden caused by climate change, and yet their voices are underrepresented in theoretical and practical interventions. Enlisting young people as research collaborators and co-designers will facilitate more effective responses to the psychological aspects of the climate crisis.
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Zolotova, Irina Vladimirovna. "Psychological and pedagogical aspects of the problem of supervisory practice in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia." Современное образование, no. 1 (January 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8736.2023.1.43544.
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The author in his work examines the issues of the organization of supervision from the point of view of its theoretical and practical significance for various industries and professional communities. In the course of studying this topic, an analysis of available research, conclusions of specialists based on experience and scientific achievements is carried out. The key aspects of the effectiveness of interaction between the supervisor and the supervisor during the implementation of functions, forms, approaches and methods, the purpose of which is to obtain professional skills, knowledge and skills that, after being transferred from the supervisor, will be able to be effectively applied in everyday work by specialists working in the field of assistance and support to citizens and other categories. The main conclusions of the study are the author's proposals for improving and introducing the experience of supervisors into the practice of law enforcement agencies, from the point of view of improving the quality of education, acquiring significant professional competencies through supervisory practice, which in turn allow solving complex complex tasks in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The formats of improving the effectiveness of supervisory work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation are proposed, based on the analysis, practical pedagogical experience accumulated by the author over many years of work. The author highlights the key factors of the supervision process, which from a pedagogical point of view are priority and deserve the attention of specialists in this field.
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Bublik, V. A., and M. N. Semyakin. "THE IDENTITY OF RUSSIAN CIVIL LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF CONCEPTUALIZING THE CIVIL LAW CULTURE." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 3(53) (2021): 602–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2021-53-602-623.
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Introduction: the problems related to the identity of Russian civil law as considered in connection with the legal culture of civil law are practically unexplored. The purpose of the study was to define the criteria characterizing the identity of Russian civil law and their relevance as well as to present arguments for their application in the conceptualization of the civil law culture. Methods: a variety of research methodologies associated with the consideration of the criteria characterizing the identity of social phenomena as a factor of the national culture conceptualization; a variety of approaches, including philosophical, psychological, sociological, cultural, and historical ones. Results: we have compiled a list of criteria characterizing the civil law identity and correlated with the theoretical concept of ‘civil law culture’, and conducted a monitoring of these criteria on the basis of search queries made in social networking services, platforms and applications such as VKontakte, Twitter, and YouTube. The monitoring results indicate high demand for legal content and information, effective practices of conceptualizing the civil law culture among the users. The interest in the content concerning the civil law culture is associated with the increasing legal consciousness of people, with the current situation characterized by variability and intensive reformation of civil legislation, which entails continuously updating knowledge about legislation. Conclusions: the identity of civil law is represented by a number of aspects, one of which is the civil law culture, possessing educational potential that is significant in the development of personal legal culture, its cognitive and practice-oriented constituents.
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Kauliņa, Anda, Daina Voita, Irēna Trubina, and Toms Voits. "Children with Special Educational Needs and Their Inclusion in the Educational System: Pedagogical and Psychological Aspects." Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology "Signum Temporis" 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sigtem-2016-0015.
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Abstract One of the measures of the quality of education system is equal access to the education opportunity to enable learning for everyone. In the recent years, multiple conventions, declarations, announcements and resolutions regarding inclusive education have been approved internationally and included in the Latvian law of education. Nevertheless, even with the abundant amount of data and previous research results, the introduction and provision of inclusive education in practice has been controversial. The main focus has been placed on child inclusion within the educational system, but support for teachers and parents or legal guardians has not always been sufficient. For inclusive education to be truly successful, all involved parties should be receiving adequate support. Aim of the present study: analysis and evaluation of the present state of inclusive education framework and its success within the Latvian educational system. Materials and methods: literature review, survey. Conclusions: Inclusion of children with special educational needs in the inclusive education framework is a complicated pedagogical and psychological process requiring a specific attitude and preparedness of the education professionals, school staff, parents, children and society as a whole.
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Kharina, Т., and О. Herasimenko. "Forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal person." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 23, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.29.
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Theoretical, methodological and practical aspects in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal person are outlined.
Peculiarities of forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal entity are studied. Referring to forensic expert practice, the object, subject, tasks of this subject type of forensic psychological analysis are determined. Issues which are solved by forensic psychologicalanalysis in cases on invaliding transaction are indicated. Boundaries of a forensic psychologist competence are outlined. Recommendations are provided as to the reference list of source data required for conducting forensic psychological analysis. Based on forensic expert practice, an algorithm for analyzing source data when conducting a forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal entity is outlined. The main components that should be identified when conducting a forensic examination of this subject type of forensic psychological analysis are indicated. The experience of scientists and practitioners demonstrates that a problem of will is inseparable from problems of personality, consciousness, self-awareness, motives, needs, emotions, cognitive activity of a person. Considering that intellectual, volitional and emotional processes, states and personality traits act in interconnection, this type of research (as one of the complex subject types of forensic psychological analysis) requires further theoretical analysis of the objective and subjective factors of a person wrong actions (entity of civil law relations) in legally significant circumstances to solve methodological and practical tasks of expertology.
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Daud, Mohd Kalam, and Rahmatul Akbar. "Hareuta Peunulang: Protection of Women in Aceh according to Customary and Islamic law." SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i1.5921.
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This study discusses the protection of women through the provision of hareuta peunulang in terms of traditional aspects and Islamic law. This study uses a qualitative approach based on the theory of benefits in Islamic law and traditional theory. This research chooses research locations namely Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar and Pidie on the grounds that these three regions practice the giving of hareuta peunulang. This research concludes that the pattern of giving hareuta peunulang is usually the parents submitted to their children after marriage. Hareuta peunulang is usually in the form of land, houses, gardens, household appliances, livestock or other forms of assets that can be used as capital in taking on a new life after being married and separated from their parents. Giving this property is proven to protect women in economic, social and even psychological aspects, for example when a girl is given a house or land, she will be protected economically and socially. Then from the customary perspective that this is part of a tradition that aims to preserve adat, while from the perspective of Islamic law, this gift contains maslahat values that lead to harmony, prevent divorce, mobilize brotherhood between nuclear families.
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Semenovskiy, Andrey. "Genesis of the Interrogation Essence in the Russian Legislation and Law." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2023, no. 3 (October 2, 2023): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-374-382.
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Using the comparative legal method, the author determined the essence of criminal procedural interrogation in the Russian legal system, from the early Russian state to the present day. The study covered the sources that involve the term interrogation or a synonymous concept. The legal regulation of interrogation gradually developed in several aspects. The communicative aspect included verbal and non-verbal transmission of relevant information. The interactive aspect covered the interaction between participants, their number, limits of psychological influence, etc. The perceptive aspect was registered when the legislator required a compulsory record of interrogee’s identity. Obviously, the interrogation has long developed as a formalized communication. As a result, the domestic legislator sees the essence of interrogation as a special type of formal communication, which affects the development of its procedural form. The obtained results help to develop a unified approach to the legal essence of interrogation and can be applied in the legislative practice of the criminal procedural form of interrogation.
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Лаптев, Р. В. "Modeling of psychological conditions for training and developing the ability of law enforcement officers in conscious self-regulation." Психолого-педагогический поиск, no. 4(68) (December 22, 2023): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2023.68.4.024.
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В статье рассматриваются некоторые актуальные аспекты теории и практики моделирования. Кратко представлены достижения отечественной и зарубежной науки в разработке научных категорий «модель» и «моделирование». Обозначены пока не решенные проблемы их использования для психологического обеспечения надежности специальной профессиональной подготовки и деятельности сотрудников правоохранительных органов в современных условиях. Раскрыты важные для теории и практики моделирования психологические условия обучения и развития у сотрудников способности к произвольной саморегуляции в обстановке нарастания требований, системных нагрузок, риска и увеличения цены тяжелых последствий ошибок. В качестве единого основания для разработки модельного и моделирующего пространства развития способности к произвольной саморегуляции при наличии универсального стресс-фактора представлены характеристики, процессы и результаты их взаимообусловленности, которые определяются понятиями «напряжение», «напряженность» и специальным психологическим термином «стресс-напряженность». Затронуты традиционные и инновационные подходы к образовательным технологиям и стандартам профессионально-психологической подготовки сотрудников. Выделены ключевые предпосылки создания трансдисциплинарного многоуровневого комплекса моделей и их корректного использования. Описаны результаты разработки интегральных моделей психологических условий и их применения в ходе проведенных исследований. The article discusses some current aspects of the theory and practice of modeling. The paper reviews the achievements of Russian and foreign pedagogics in the development of the scientific categories “model” and “modeling.” It identifies unresolved problems of their use for psychological support of special professional training and activities of law enforcement officers in modern conditions. We describe the psychological conditions that are important for the theory and practice of modeling in the training and development of officers’ ability of conscious self-regulation in an environment of increasing demands, system loads, risks and increasing costs of severe consequences of errors. As a basis for the development of a model and modeling space for formation of conscious self-regulation in the presence of constant stress factors, we present characteristics, processes and results in their interdependence, defined as “tension,” “stress” and the new psychological term “stress-tension.” The research employs both traditional and innovative approaches to educational technologies and standards of professional psychological training. It also highlights the key prerequisites for the creation of a transdisciplinary multi-level fund of models and their effective use. Further, the research describes the results of developing integral models of psychological conditions and their application.
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Ulyanina, O. A. "Psychological diagnostics in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia." Psychology and Law 8, no. 2 (2018): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2018080205.
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The article considers one of the directions of psychological practice — diagnostics. Specific features of the realization of psychodiagnostics in the educational environment are described. The historical context of the development of psychodiagnostics in education is being studied. The urgency of the research of this area of psychological work, dictated by the need, on the one hand, in assessing the quality of educational services, on the other — searching and stimulating the intrapersonal resources of trainees, is substantiated. In this connection, there is a need to develop theoretical, methodological and conceptual approaches to the implementation of psychodiagnostic activity in education. The substantive and procedural aspects of psychodiagnostic activity in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are concretized. The advantages of the hardware-software psychodiagnostic complex "Multiplexer", used by psychologists of law enforcement bodies, are highlighted. The program of psychodiagnostics of personal and business qualities of cadets, designed for each year of training, is described. A personal profile of the future specialist is designed, which reflects the results of psychological support and diagnostics throughout the entire period of study.
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Kopytova, O. S. "JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT IN LEGAL REGULATION MECHANISMS: SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391911.
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The article is devoted to the disclosure of theoretical approaches to the definition of judicial enforcement. It has been proven that judicial enforcement is based on legal regulation, principles of law and its own principles. It was concluded that the current legislation of Ukraine does not define the legal category “judicialenforcement”. It was found that the categories of “judicial enforcement”, “judicial authority”, “judicial activity”, and “justice” were identified; however, not the synonymy of such categories, but their relationship: judicial authority (subject to constitutional regulation) is exercised in justice (content, functions of judicial authority), but Justice is administered by the court through judicial enforcement. It is substantiated that the defining elements of the enforcement mechanism are two phenomena: the legal norm and the social situation to which the norm directly relates. The presence of these components causes a chain of organizational and psychological events (events): assessment of the situation, analysis of the norm, comparison of the norm with the interests and motives of the subjects, prediction of consequences, by the end of decisions and actions (inaction). In the course of development of this chain of events, social factors act: the particularities of the situation, interests, motives, the characteristics of the subjectʼs characteristics, the prediction of social consequences etc. It is concluded that judicial enforcement is based primarily on the regulatory regulation (as the leading part of the legal regulation as a whole), as well as on the principles of law and its own principles. The position is upheld that judicial enforcement is connected with one incident, is individual in nature and directed to specific individuals (with the exception of decisions of the Supreme Court). This makes it important to distinguish special cases of factual and legal significance in a court case in a particular court case, which may be relevant when forming a convincing case law as a way to ensure the unity of court practice. All these situations in their totality determine the existence of freedom of internal conviction of the court and a certain freedom of judicial discretion in the implementation of judicial law in the implementation of judicial proceedings.
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Berezuckaya, Yuliya, Ol'ga Vozzhenikova, and Ekaterina Zakharevskaya. "Analysis of the problems of psychological training of employees first hired to serve in internal affairs bodies as district police officers (using the example of the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia)." Applied psychology and pedagogy 9, no. 3 (July 19, 2024): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2024-9-3-171-178.
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The relevance of the presented work is determined by the importance of the tasks of psychological training of employees who are first recruited to serve in internal affairs bodies and who fill the positions of local police commissioners. Turning to the analysis of the theory and practice of professional service activities, steadily indicates that most of the reasons for success and failure lie in the insufficient psychological preparedness of the subjects of law enforcement activities themselves. A logical question arises that necessitates the implementation of systematic monitoring of psychological problems that act as obstacles to the successful professional adaptation to service of employees of internal affairs bodies. The undoubted importance and urgency of overcoming psychological difficulties by representatives of law enforcement agencies, such as local police commissioners, prompted the authors of this article to analyze the psychological aspects of the training of district police commissioners who were first recruited to serve in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Formulation of the problem. The problem that predetermined the conduct of this study is the need to identify a set of psychological problems in the psychological training of district police commissioners who were first recruited to serve in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Because, given the complexity and responsibility of the police profession, special attention must be paid to identifying the psychological problems faced by employees who are hired for the first time in the process of training in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and adapting to law enforcement activities. The purpose of the study is to analyze and identify a set of main psychological problems in the process of professional training of employees who are first hired into service in internal affairs bodies and filling the positions of local police commissioners, as well as to consider ways of possible prevention of these problems (using the example of the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, further on text - BYUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia). The main research methods were: analysis of theoretical sources, observation, survey of employees, quantitative processing and evaluation of the results obtained. The respondents were students of the Faculty of Professional Training of the Law Enforcement Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The results of the study are aimed at identifying the main psychological obstacles that affect the quality of training of employees newly hired to serve in internal affairs bodies as district police officers. Based on the analysis of the research results, practical recommendations have been developed aimed at improving the effectiveness of professional training of local police commissioners. Conclusions. Despite serious research by departmental scientists to find optimal approaches to improving the psychological aspects of professional training of employees hired for the first time in internal affairs bodies, the current significance of this scientific problem is difficult to overestimate and there is a need for its further study. The results of the study confirmed the need for further scientific study of the problem of psychological support for the professional training of employees hired for the first time to serve in internal affairs bodies, in particular for the positions of district police officers.
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Korotkova, Yuliia, and Victoriia Romashenko. "Organization of methodological work with young teachers in higher education institutions with specific educational conditions." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-5-342-347.
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The article deals with the problem of improving of methodological work with teachers of higher education institutions with specific educational conditions, experience of pedagogical activity of which does not exceed three years. The experience of organizing of methodological work with young teachers in the Donetsk Law Institute of the Ministry of internal affairs of Ukraine in the School for improving pedagogical skills is highlighted. In particular, it is noted that training at the School is carried out by organizing, practical and seminar classes with a total volume of 120 hours. The standard plan consists of three content modules: «Theory and practice of teaching and upbringing in higher education school», «Information and communication technologies in education», «Psychological aspects of teaching».
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Pisano, Douglas J. "Controlled Substances and Pain Management: Regulatory Oversight, Formularies, and Cost Decisions." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, no. 4 (1996): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1996.tb01872.x.
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Pharmacists, physicians, and other health care personnel practice within an integrated system of laws and regulations that influence many treatment modalities. Capitation, managed care, and other controls strain these relationships by mandating greater oversight of how health care is delivered. From a pharmacists’s perspective, any use of medication requites knowledge of three omnipresent factors: regulatory control, formularies (product selection), and economic decision making. My objective is to raise awareness of these issues as they relate to the prescription of pain medication and to pain management generally.All practice-oriented drug law and regulation is based on the federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The Act, also known as Title II, is part of a much larger piece of legislation, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (CSA). CSA was enacted to regulate the manufacturing, distribution, dispensing, and delivery of drugs or substances that are subject to, or have the potential for, abuse or physical or psychological dependence.
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Ali, Aisha J., Javier Fuenzalida, Margarita Gómez, and Martin J. Williams. "Four lenses on people management in the public sector: an evidence review and synthesis." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 335–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grab003.
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Abstract We review the literature on people management and performance in organizations across a range of disciplines, identifying aspects of management where there is clear evidence about what works as well as aspects where the evidence is mixed or does not yet exist. We organize our discussion by four lenses, or levels of analysis, through which people management can be viewed: (i) individual extrinsic, intrinsic, and psychological factors; (ii) organizational people management, operational management, and culture; (iii) team mechanisms, composition and structural features; and (iv) relationships, including networks, leadership, and individuals’ relationships to their job and tasks. Each of these four lenses corresponds not only to a body of literature but also to a set of management tools and approaches to improving public employees’ performance; articulating the connections across these perspectives is an essential frontier for research. We find that existing people management evidence and practice have overemphasized formal management tools and financial motivations at the expense of understanding how to leverage a broader range of motivations, build organizational culture, and use informal and relational management practices. We suggest that foregrounding the role of relationships in linking people and performance—relational public management—may prove a fertile and interdisciplinary frontier for research and practices.
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Ларіонова, А. В. "Theoretical and practical aspects of professional psychological selection of candidates for training at higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine." Law and Safety 77, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2020.2.19.
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The provision of high-quality professional psychological selection of candidates for higher education with specific learning conditions to improve the professional level of specialists in the police of Ukraine has been studied. Psychological selection as a type of professional selection has been considered in the context of socio-psychological, psycho-physiological and actually psychological normative characteristics of the profession. A systematic analysis of existing approaches to the study of the problem of psychological selection in higher educational institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in science and practice. The author has carried out theoretical and methodological study of the main forms of psychological selection (scientific and methodical, organizational, personnel and logistical), each of them determines the possibility of effective functioning of selection as a system, while having its own methodological, methodical and organizational specifics. The motivational component of professional psychological selection has been studied through the prism of complexity and dynamism of the motivational sphere of personality, as well as the lack of a reliable method of its evaluation. The author has specified and studied three levels of requirements for education in higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: 1) requirements due to educational activities in the higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions; 2) requirements due to the general features of the law enforcement system; 3) requirements due to the specifics of the future professional activity of an individual in the units of the National Police. Three main stages of psychological selection in the higher educational institutions have been considered (the first is carried out by psycho-diagnostic centers and laboratories at the military medical commission and has a pronounced psychiatric orientation, the second is carried out by the employees of the psychological support service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in regions, the third is carried out by psychologists of higher educational institutions) and “weak spots” in each of them have been identified. The problems that arise in the scientific and methodological, organizational, personnel and logistical forms of psychological selection of candidates for higher education in the Ministry of Internal Affairs have been determined and researched. The author has offered a number of successive measures to solve them.
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Gryazeva, Elena, Olga Mayorova, Natalia Malchikova, Maria Nemkova, and Marina Paravina. "International financial fraud: economic and psychological aspects, classification and ways of minimization." Economic Annals-ХХI 189, no. 5-6(1) (June 10, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v189-02.
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The active use of the latest information technologies and non-cash payment forms has led to an increase in various types of fraud in the financial sector. Moreover, virtually all spheres of public relations now fall under the risk of fraudulent schemes, starting from financial credit and insurance and ending with foreign economic activity and the Internet. In addition, some other economic factors contribute to the significant spread of fraudulent schemes in modern conditions: a wide variety of new financial instruments (types of money, securities, financial services); rapid growth in financial transactions; leveling barriers to the unhindered movement of money, goods, and services in the process of globalization, which provokes an increase in transnational financial crime. Therefore, in search of tools to preserve existing and generate potential income, especially trusting investors fall into the traps of scammers. With the development of the current economic institutionalism, the principle of rationality in human economic behavior was no longer considered absolute, therefore, representatives of the institutional theory noted the irrational nature of human behavior, including in the field of economics and finance. Modern reality and economic practice are clear evidence of the truthfulness of this thesis. After all, despite the constant warnings of the mass media and other sources regarding various fraudulent schemes, as well as (paradoxically) often their own negative experience, citizens continue to invest in various kinds of fraudulent schemes. According to experts, the main reason is that «people will always strive for «easy» money, and it is unlikely that this desire will ever disappear» (Bruton, 2015). In this paper, we study the possibilities of preventing financial fraud on an international scale. In the context of the complexity of modern business processes, one of the most urgent problems has become the problem of activating the manifestations of corporate fraud. On average, companies lose about 5% of their profits due to corporate fraud, and the annual losses from such economic crimes amount to about USD 4 trillion on a global scale. In Russia, this figure reaches 15% (and we are talking only about losses made public by companies). The lion’s share of fraudulent schemes falls on the banking sector. The implementation of fraudulent schemes in the banking sector has certain features, in particular: fraudulent actions cause damage not only to banks and their depositors, but also negatively affect the stability of the financial system as a whole; such crimes are characterized by high latency, since managers, fearing for the business reputation of their bank, only in isolated cases turn to law enforcement agencies with appropriate statements; identifying the facts of financial fraud is very difficult since fraudsters (often not without the help of bank managers) hide their actions in every possible way and take measures to launder funds obtained by criminal means.
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Davydova, Olga. "PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION OF LEGAL SUBJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTRODUCED CHILD-FRIENDLY JUSTICE." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.11.10.
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The article substantiates that it is important to protect children from modern life risks. An integrated approach to improvement of justice mechanisms in relation to children is needed; this approach should ensure children’s rights through implemented crime prevention programs, used effective measures of social adaptation and rehabilitation of children who has troubles with the law. We have formulated suggestions for the psychological part of the training course “Strengthening a child’s protection system in relation to children who are in troubles with the law”, aimed at development of legal subjects’ communicative competence in professional situations involving children in troubles with the law. The proposed psychological training includes the following educational topics and questions. Topic 1. Age characteristics of a child as a participant of legal relations: 1) the dynamics and patterns of children’s mental development; 2) the determinants of a child’s personality formation; 3) the personal features of a child as a participant in legal relations in different age periods (preschool, primary school, adolescence and early adolescence). Topic 2. Violence and its impact on a child’s personality development: 1) types and forms of violence against children; 2) potential changes in children’s psychological development as a result of violence against them; 3) the main sings of children’s behavior and communication, indicating possible violence against them. Topic 3. The psychological features of interview with a child’s and their interrogation: 1) markers and tools for psychological examination of a child’s actual emotional state during interview and interrogation; 2) psychological aspects of children’s testimony; 3) the crisis forms of children’s deviant behavior and a typical “set of victimization symptoms”; 4) presentation of the Green Room technique. Topic 4. Legal subjects’ communicative competence during professional communication with children in troubles with the law: 1) characteristics of conflict and non-conflict situations during professional communication with children; 2) psychological barriers during legal subjects’ professional communication with children and possible ways to overcome them; 3) means counteracting manipulative influence of children and other participants in legal relations (representatives, parents, etc.) during professional communication. We have discussed the factors influencing effective interactions with children having witnessed a crime or being a victim. The necessary motivation for communication should be understood and formed by taking into account children’s age-related mental development, their emotional states and abuse consequences. Children’s traumatic experience was noted as a factor that complicated a psychological contact established during professional communications with law enforcement officers. The application the Green Room technique is considered. The necessity of psychologists’ participation in pre-trial investigation and court proceedings against children is substantiated based on the studied current criminal procedural legislation and analyzed investigative and judicial practice.
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Inthomya, Supatra, and Punchada Sirivunnabood. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROYAL THAI POLICE CRIMINAL CASE INVESTIGATION SYSTEM AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS CONCEPTS." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2024): e3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i3.3446.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the violent criminal investigation system used by the Royal Thai Police technology. Theoretical framework: This study explores the effectiveness of the Royal Thai Police's violent criminal investigation system. It uses a theoretical framework that includes criminal investigation theory, criminal behavior analysis, forensic psychology, and police technology. The framework focuses on crime scene analysis, evidence collection, suspect identification, and case management. It also explores criminal behavior analysis, which focuses on understanding offenders' motivations, patterns, and psychological characteristics. Forensic psychology is used to understand the psychological aspects of criminal behavior and its implications for investigative procedures. The study aims to identify strengths and weaknesses, propose improvements, and contribute to the development of more robust investigative practices. ...
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Flyarkovska, Оlha, Viktoria Melnychuk, and Ryslan Dumenko. "A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF UKRAINE: ECONOMIC COMPONENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 9, no. 5 (December 28, 2023): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-5-261-265.
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The subject of the research is the main problems related to the economic consequences of the war, which can affect Ukrainian education in the war and post-war period. Methodology. Theoretical and empirical research methods are used, in particular: theoretical analysis and generalisation of psychological practice; development of theoretical approaches and organisational and methodological conditions for improvement of practical activity of specialists of psychological services; surveys; study of methodical and reporting documentation; methods of statistical processing of experimental data. The purpose of the article is to determine the factors that can affect the quality of education and economy through aspects of the activity and peculiarities of the functioning of the psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine in the conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the consideration of psychological factors is necessary to substantiate the activity of a psychological service specialist in the educational system of Ukraine, in connection with the complication of working conditions, competent management of the team, support and assistance in the realisation of the creative potential of employees of educational institutions, etc. The issue of creating psychological support for participants in the educational process was raised. It was noted that the provision of psychological support, development and implementation of correctional programmes will help to overcome stress and injuries, contribute to the return of pupils and students to full-time studies and ensure their further successful adaptation. The article presents the experience of pedagogical and methodological provision of psychological support at the all-Ukrainian level at the State Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content Modernization". It gives recommendations on how to overcome the negative economic consequences of the war and the negative psychological impact on Ukrainian education. The publication describes the aspects of the psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine, in particular, conducting scientific research on the problems of methodology and theory of practical psychology of education, studying the patterns of mental development and formation of the child's personality; development of methods and technologies for the work of practical psychologists and social pedagogues, including professional training and advanced training of specialists; creation of an effective structure of the psychological service of education, which ensures the interaction of all parts of the service on subject and organisational issues. The results of the study reflect the state and development of the psychological service in the education system of Ukraine, the analysis of the activities of the psychological service under martial law and the implementation of Article 76 of the Law of Ukraine "On Education". Conclusion. Creation of conditions for quality education and support of psychological well-being of all participants of the educational process is a priority task of the psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine. According to the results of the analysis of the work of the psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine, it was determined that the psychological support of learning, psychological and socio-pedagogical support of the participants of the educational process in the conditions of martial law is an essential condition for maintaining and strengthening the mental health of future Ukrainian generations. This will contribute not only to the post-war reconstruction of society, but also to the future economic development and stability of Ukraine.
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Turyanytsia, V. "Philosophical-legal and psychological cultural aspects of education of the world of John Amos Komensky." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 74 (February 10, 2023): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.73.
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An analysis of solving the problem of education, its place in the evolutionary progress of mankind, dialectical unity of theory and practice is given. The category of education is considered from the standpoint of the relationship between philosophy, law and pedagogy as an integrated category - the basis of human activity and social existence, and also focuses on the challenges of modernity and the search for ways to solve them, faced by the peoples of the world in the process of globalization and transformation. All this is revealed in the multifaceted creativity of the philosopher, jurist, teacher Ya.A. Komensky.
The author comes to the conclusion that the XXI century. declared the century of education by the international organization UNESCO. Planetary globalism, in its breadth and depth, aims to find and apply a new model for the purpose of human existence in the world context, namely: the implementation of the principles of humanism, democratization, people-centeredness, multicultural interaction, convergence of the subjects of civilization and acmeological optimization of life on a global level in the process of globalization and transformation, because, as Ya.A. Komensky noted, education from the category of priorities of the wealthy strata of society should move to the status of world priorities of universal human values.
It is indicated that Ya.A. Komensky’s philosophical, legal and pedagogical principles in the field of education, its content, teaching and upbringing are a golden fund in the treasury of the history of human civilization. His innovative ideas stimulated and continue to stimulate the further improvement and implementation of humanistic pedagogy, human rights and the rule of law. The great creative heritage of the brilliant philosopher, teacher and scientist attracts the attention of researchers and politicians even today, because it is a source of relevant ideas for our everyday life. It is the core of the improvement and search for modern pedagogical systems, it forces us to think about the choice of basic models of education on the highway of globalization processes and transformations. In the epicenter of the modern paradigm of education, along with the basic concepts of «knowledge», «skills», «skills», various approaches and combinations of fundamentals to education today, there should be a multifaceted moral and educational postulate with clearly defined ideals and values both at the national level and and international, universal. Without this further life, civilizational development of mankind is impossible. This is the main mission of education.
It is certain that today the works of the Comenian have been translated into many languages of the world. They are a healing source of ideas, instructions, well-founded conclusions that have clear guidelines for humanity, their creative enrichment and realization. Comenius is the figure about whom progressive humanity speaks with respect and gratitude for centuries. The glory of the son of the Czech people will not fade. He is his pride, at the same time he is also a planetary person. His name is forever enshrined in the history of the civilizational development of mankind.
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Kalyuzhnyy, Ivan, N. Abdullaeva, Svetlana Taysaeva, O. Murzova, and O. Grachieva. "Application of the Fundamentals of German New Medicine in the Psychological Rehabilitation of Dermatological Patients." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 11, no. 4 (January 17, 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-1731-2022-11-4-32-38.
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Modern reality, in its current version of development, has not been able to reduce the rate of development and prevalence of dermatological diseases. It is widely known that psychological factors play a significant role in the causes of these pathologies. There are often situations when this component is the only obvious determinant that provokes the active dynamics of a particular skin disease. Based on these trends, we can say that the need to create a solid theoretical concept that could be effectively used in clinical practice has maximum relevance in modern realities. One of such concepts is the German New Medicine (author – Raik Hamer). In this article, an attempt is made to introduce the theoretical foundations of this model into medical practice, a specific clinical case is described with a detailed analysis of most psychological aspects, one way or another, related to the influence of the stress component on the development of dermatological symptoms. The described clinical case was chosen as the most suitable, for the fullest possible reflection of the real functioning of special biolog-ical programs and laws. The data obtained with the standard psychological diagnosis are compared with the data obtained by applying the theoretical provisions of the German New Medicine to the clinical case. Additionally, the efficiency of this theory is checked by the correspondence of anamnestic information, a group of complaints, the actual condition of the patient, the subjective opinion of a specialist (medical psychologist) – a certain special biological program that obeys the first biological law according to R. Hamer. Thus, the results of psychodiagnostics confirm the ef-fectiveness of using the concept of Raik Hamer in actual clinical practice.
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Batiuk, Oleh. "USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE DURING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES THAT ENCROACH ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE." Social Legal Studios 10, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2020-4-109-114.
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The author aimed to reveal the content and forms of use of special psychological knowledge during the proceeding of interrogation in the pre-trial investigation of crimes that encroach on the nationalsecurity of Ukraine in the provisions of the scientific article. Namely, for fulfilling the intended goal, the author determines in the provisions of the scientific article that the use of special psychological knowledge at the stage of pre-trial investigation, of course, can be the great benefit for establishing the truth in the case and the lack of their wide and effective application in criminal proceedings is caused, first of all, by imperfection of the theory of use of special psychological knowledge and of legal regulation of the activity of experts and other persons with special psychological knowledge. This is resulted from primarily to vague and ambiguous theoretical definitions of the concept of special psychological knowledge, subjects, methods of use and forms of their realization. Based on the analysis of theoretical and empirical material, scientifically substantiated conceptual and categorical apparatus concerning the concept of special psychological knowledge, which are used in pre-trial investigation, is defined; the conclusions and proposals that are aimed at improving the procedural and applied aspects of practical application by law enforcement agencies are formulated by the author in the scientific article. According to the author, this will not only deepen scientific knowledge, but also will give the opportunity to use the obtained data in investigative practice, help law enforcement agencies quickly and efficiently to disclose, investigate and conduct measures to prevent of the committing crimes against national security of Ukraine. The results of the research can also be applied during the criminal proceedings, in the process of proving and evaluating evidence, during the qualifying the committed crime and establishing of circumstances mitigating of punishment. The author explored the features of the use of special psychological knowledge during the investigation of the crimes that encroach on the national security of Ukraine, which are committed by the organized criminal group.
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Mansor, Nurul Husna, Raihanah Abdullah, Azmawaty Mohamad Nor, and Khairul Hamimah Mohammad Jodi. "Curbing Promiscuous Sex through the Practice of Fasting: An Islamic Approach." Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 205–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol24no2.6.
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Promiscuous sex is a social issue that is now rampant and has implications on society that includes an alarming increase in premarital sex among adolescence, the increase in numbers of children out-of-wedlock, rising infidelity cases and divorce rates. To curb the problem of promiscuous sex, Islamic law has recognized the practice of fasting as a practical approach to control sexual desire and fornication. This paper intends to evaluate how the philosophy and practice of fasting in Islam help curb promiscuous sexual behavior. This study employs a qualitative research design using interviews, a content analysis approach that examined various materials sourced from primary and secondary data related to the topic under study. The documents encompass Holy al-Qur’an, al-Hadith, theses, books, and academic journal articles focusing on topics of fasting practice to curb promiscuous sex. Data gathered were grouped into codes, categories, and themes. Fasting is not just about suppressing hunger and thirst but includes restraining the self from doing things that are forbidden in Islam. Interestingly, the practice of fasting in Islam helped shaped human sexual behavior through the formation of spiritual, physiological and psychological aspects. The findings can be utilized by stakeholders especially in formulating rehabilitation modules for cases of promiscuous sex.
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Khairulina, Nailia, and Hanna Dubova. "Gender and Law Culture of Future Law Enforcement Specialists." Education and Pedagogical Sciences, no. 2 (177) (2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2747-2021-2(177)-35-46.
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The article considers the semiotic nature of gender and law culture, focuses on the synthetic nature of this term, and provides alternative definitions of such concepts as «gender» and «culture». Highlighting the essence of the proposed word from a semiotic perspective, the authors of the article give examples of the main elements that form the paradigm of gender and law culture. The practical part of the article is devoted to analyzing the proposed phenomenon as a psychological and pedagogical problem. Taking into account that modern conditions of social development are associated with changing social and economic, and criminal complications, as a result of which society is interested in the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies operating based on legality, humanism, transparency, the presumption of innocence, resilience, the subject matter of the research is viewed as undeniably topical today. The analysis of the scientific literature in gender and law made it possible to specify the concept of «gender and law culture of future law enforcement professionals», which, in particular, refers to the issues of forming a gender culture of future law enforcement professionals. It is considered to be an integral quality of personality determined by the specifics of law enforcement, reflecting comprehensive knowledge of the nature and legal regulation of gender aspects in current Ukrainian legislation and readiness to ensure further functioning of gender-sensitive practices and principles of non-discrimination in law enforcement activities based on legal attitudes and compliance with official duties.
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Biloshytskyi, Oleksii. "Peculiarities of organizational and methodical work with patrol police personnel under martial law." Ûridičnij časopis Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav 13, no. 3 (August 31, 2023): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56215/naia-chasopis/3.2023.37.
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The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that the functioning of law enforcement agencies during martial law was marked by the expansion of the functions of the patrol police, which requires increased attention to police training. In particular, there is a need to analyse the current practice of law enforcement training and to create scientifically based recommendations for its improvement. That is why the purpose of the article is to clarify the specifics of the work of the patrol police during martial law and the peculiarities of the methodological work of the management team related to the training and support of the activities of subordinate personnel. To achieve the aim of the study, a set of theoretical and empirical methods was used, including the following: analysis, generalization and interpretation, expert evaluation, survey and graphical methods, which made it possible to interpret the results obtained and develop recommendations. It is established that the heads of patrol police units in their work with personnel were guided by organizational, moral and psychological, legal, administrative and economical methods of management. Thanks to these methods, the personnel were constantly aware of the operational situation, were able to develop supplementary action plans, and use reserve forces and means. Guided by legal and economical methods, managers were able not only to apply sanctions, but also to protect the rights of their subordinates from illegal encroachments and to reward them with a decent salary. In addition, an analogy was drawn between the existing professional combat and psychological traits of managers and their ability to work in a team. The personal example, combat, physical, and legal training of managers made it possible to quickly solve urgent problems, conflicts, and perform official tasks among their subordinates. The practical significance of the study is that the findings will serve as a basis for scientific research to study the features and improve professional training, which would include aspects of fire, functional, general and psychological training tactics
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Plotnikova, Elena Yuryevna. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CIVIC POSITION FORMATION IN PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE." Education & Pedagogy Journal, no. 2(2) (December 23, 2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2782-2575-2021-2-36-44.
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The problems of the civic position formation of an individual are rooted in multiple factors. These include a challenging stage in the development of Russian society, social, cultural, economic, and political problems, rethinking the country’s past, and unclear value references. All these factors can lead to moral disorientation and a loss of ideals. At the present stage, the formation of civic position is an interesting subject of research for many scientists. They reveal the essence of Citizenship as a concept and describe civic position formation’s psychological aspects. Moreover, citizenship is considered a social phenomenon, the formation of which depends on social relations and the organization of the educational process. During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in research on the problem of citizenship formation at an adolescent age. In pedagogy, the following types of positions are distinguished: lifestyle, social, and internal. The similarity of the concepts of Internal Position and Attitude is emphasized, and it is explained that Attitude defines Position as a unified system of individual-personal relations between a person and their surrounding reality. Objective and subjective factors under the influence of which a person’s civic position is formed are also explained. The objective factors refer to socio-political conditions. Meanwhile, subjective factors refer to the interests of the individual, their needs, abilities, and values. On this basis, the following components, which are most often highlighted by scientists in the study and generalization of a person’s civic position, and contribution to its formation, are listed: cognitive (knowledge of citizenship, civic position, civil rights and responsibilities), motivational-valuable (a humanistic feature of a person’s relationship to society, work, people and themselves, civic value orientations), and activity (ability to fulfill one’s civil rights and duties, comply with social and legal standards, carry out socially significant activities for the public good). Three levels of formation of a person’s civic position are distinguished and described (low, average, high). The relationship and differences of such concepts as Patriotism, Citizenship, Civic Position, as well as Patriot and Citizen are emphasized, and their essence is revealed. By Patriotism, we mean the feeling of love and attachment to a country and alliance with other citizens who share the same sentiment to create a feeling of oneness among the people. As part of the study of the civic position formation, the concept of Civic activity is touched upon, which is explained and classified by the following types: official (electoral process) and unofficial (participation in socially significant activities). The manifestation forms of a person’s civic position affecting their formation are outlined (passive, active, conformist (consumer), rebellious (protest), constructive). At the same time, emphasis is placed on an active civic position, in which society and the state are interested. The conclusion clarifies the definition of Civic Position, which is explained as a system of positive value orientations that an individual may possess in relation to the state, law, civil society, themselves as an active citizen, carrying out socially important activities, and a focus on the public good. The analysis of the studied topic allows us to state its undoubted theoretical and practical significance since this problem is relevant and not fully solved at the present stage of the socio-political development of Russia.
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Corvo, Kenneth, and Paul Golding. "Toxic Masculinity and Patriarchy: Barriers to Connecting Biopsychosocial Risk for Male Violence to Policy and Practice." Partner Abuse 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2022-0020.
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Effective policies and programs for addressing and reducing male violence including intimate partner violence must be informed by an in-depth understanding of biopsychosocial theory. This understanding needs to proceed from the substantial empirical research in the early life development of boys, taking into account the unique vulnerabilities of males and considering the complex inter-mixing of biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Simplistic explanations encoded in the constructs “patriarchy” and “toxic masculinity” have been facilely accepted to explain male violence without rigorous efforts to confirm their validity. The public perception and the policy framing of violence and violent crime maybe influenced by these sorts of constructs. When believed to be either a matter of macro-sociocultural influences or ideologically or ethically aberrant choice, violent behavior is the behavior of men who then deserve only punishment or re-education. Biopsychosocial theory appears to have been broadly resisted or even intentionally misconstrued, with reference to misconceptions about the etiology of violence, the emphasis on punishment over treatment, an ideological reluctance to address empirically established differences between the two sexes, and notably, in policies and programs that address domestic violence perpetration. Several aspects of male development are highlighted which are seldom identified in the underlying biological, psychological, and sociological vulnerabilities of males with regard to violence perpetration. These susceptibilities lie at the base of male violence and must be better understood to effectively address the issue and to design effective interventions.
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Narula, Ashima, and Dr Mamata Mahapatra. "HEALTH ORIENTATION AND DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)." YMER Digital 21, no. 01 (January 12, 2022): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.01/17.
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Reproductive medicine in the field of health psychology deals with the psychological aspects of the reproductive system and its consequences. Reproductive medicine provides an opportunity to understand the process of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, hormonal conditions and illnesses, sexual behaviour, menopause by not merely from a biological point of view but also in light of psychological and social processes. Aline to this view, the study explored health orientation and disordered eating attitude in women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The study captured the health-related behavior and attitude, which is a key component of the development of psychological distress in PCOS. It also examined the differences for the same in PCOS and Non-PCOS women. Total of eighty women, from the age group of 18-30 (young adults) were included in the study. The results highlighted, a significant difference among PCOS and Non-PCOS women on health image concern, health anxiety, health esteem and confidence, health expectations and health status. Finding also implied that there was a significant difference in disordered eating attitude of women diagnosed with PCOS and healthy women. These findings could have a significant implication for prevention, clinical practice and intervention in women with PCOS. The incorporation of medical and psychological actions to enhance their health-related quality of life may help these women.
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Bass, Christopher. "3 Medicolegal aspects of neuropsychiatry: malingering." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 12 (November 14, 2022): e3.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-bnpa.3.
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Dr Bass trained in Psychiatry at Kings College Hospital in London and worked as Consultant in Liaison Psychiatry at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford from 1991–2011. From 1992–2007 he worked in a joint pain clinic with pain clinicians.His clinical interests include chronic persistent pain and fabricated illnesses, including fabricated or induced illness in children. He co-edited Hysterical Conversion: Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives (with Halligan P and Marshall J), OUP 2001; and Malingering and Illness Deception (with Halligan P and Oakley D) OUP, 2003. In 2014 he published a review of factitious disorders and malingering in the Lancet and in 2017 [with Dr Yates] a systematic review of the perpetrators of medical child abuse.The bulk of his medico legal work involves assessment in cases of persistent pain and ‘functional’ disorders after accidents, and summarised in a recent review in the Journal of Personal Injury Law, 2021.AbstractMalingering is an emotive word which is not advisable to use in a medico-legal context or correspondence. It describes a behavioural strategy, not a mental illness, and glossary definitions are not only unhelpful but misleading. Alternative terms will be suggested for the spectrum of behaviour subsumed under the term Malingering. Prevalence rates are estimated to be as high as 30% in settings associated with litigation/disability evaluation, but its frequency in clinical practice is unknown.In this talk I will describe those neurological disorders where difficulty in determining the degree of symptom exaggeration/amplification is most likely in medico-legal settings. These include mild traumatic brain injury, functional neurological disorder [FND], and a controversial syndrome called complex regional pain syndrome Type 1.A thorough and detailed interview is essential. In medicolegal settings this is facilitated by the investigating clinician being provided with multiple sources of additional information such as witness statements and employment records. Because a person’s recollections of their past symptoms, illnesses and episodes of care are often inconsistent from one enquiry to the next, establishing a chronology or ‘time-line’ ofThe legal concept of Fundamental dishonesty, introduced in 2015 under Section 57 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act, will be briefly described, as will recent Court judgements of relevance to neuropsychiatrists. Case vignettes will be presented to demonstrate examples of symptom exaggeration leading to the termination of a medicolegal case.Causal mechanisms will be briefly described, which include putative organic factors and psychological mechanisms that showcase the relevance of cognitive dissonance for research on malingering.Finally, techniques to detect deception in medicolegal settings include use of covert surveillance and review of social medica accounts, and brief mention will be made of these. Specialised psychological tests based on negative response bias [Symptom validity testing] administered by neuropsychologists will be described in another presentation
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Wilson, Barbara, and Alastair Wilson. "Why Is Fairness ‘Grubby’? - Semantics, Etymology, and Perspectives in Dispute Resolution." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 13, no. 2 (March 2007): 795–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v13.i2.24.
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Delivering judgment in the House of Lords in the case of White v White (subsequently a leading legal precedent in this jurisdiction) Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead famously opined: "Features which are important when assessing fairness differ in each case. And, sometimes, different minds can reach different conclusions on what fairness requires. Then fairness, like beauty, lies in the eye of the beholder." His Lordship's comment in this landmark divorce appeal is interesting in the context of this paper, which is written from the perspective of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) practice, specifically that of family mediation. The authors set out to provide a very brief overview of certain relevant case law, considerations of ideologies of law and ADR, and some of the concerns around mediation. Whether what constitutes fairness and justice is influenced-or even deter mined-by the etymology of these terms is then considered. The paper concludes that, incorporating this and earlier academic work related to group processes, clients' perceptions of "fairness" can be addressed and maximized within the mediation process. An increased understanding of these concepts might in turn benefit mediation practitioners in the conduct of their work. Following in part the earlier lead of Birke and Fox, who alerted practitioners and legal scholars to the psychological principles most relevant to legal negotiation, this paper also offers synthesized elements which may inform negotiation, specifically mediation or ADR practice. The elements discussed are drawn from the linguistics field as well as from certain psychological perspectives and data. In this our purpose is to offer material which may assist and inform practitioners while recognizing, along with Birke and Fox, the necessarily speculative nature of some aspects of a work of this nature.
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Honcharov, A. V., and M. V. Honcharov. "Development of legal consciousness of legal students." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 81 (March 27, 2024): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.81.1.2.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of legal consciousness of law students. The main methodological approaches to the formation of legal consciousness of future specialists in the legal field are outlined.
It was found that the components that influence the development of legal awareness, which determines the orientations for persons facing legal situations, prompting them to make ethically and legitimately justified decisions on the psychological aspects of legal awareness among law students, require a detailed analysis. The development of legal consciousness of lawyers requires specially organized measures that affect various spheres of individual consciousness, but the sphere of legal consciousness of an individual is particularly sensitive to these social changes.
The work considers the key factors affecting the development of legal awareness among young people who are preparing to become specialists in the field of law. Depending on the subject acting as a source of legal awareness, individual, group and public legal awareness can be distinguished. Individual legal consciousness, which belongs to an individual, should be considered as a relationship between subjective and objective (individual and social) aspects in his consciousness.
Legal awareness of lawyers has a theoretical and practical nature, since the main goal of their work is the application of theoretical knowledge (scientific research) in practice. Law affects the consciousness of the relevant persons, performing its functions. The formation of legal awareness of lawyers requires the presence of appropriate professional morality, a system of moral and moral-legal norms that regulate their actions and behavior in professional activities. The main criteria for the development of legal consciousness of legal students are legal knowledge, the level of legal education, attitude to legal norms, stability of legal beliefs, value orientations, the formation of legal attitudes and compliance or non- compliance with the law revealed in behavior.
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Kaur, Gurleen, and Rakesh Chawla. "Surrogacy in India: ethics versus incentive." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212633.
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The word surrogacy has its origin among the Latin term “surrogatus” which suggests a lady acts as a substitute for a pregnant woman. Surrogacy has been in practice form last thirty years. The surrogacy regulated by business can be classified as then, altruistic surrogacy and commercial surrogacy. The paper aim to conduct systematic review on surrogacy. The literature review was conducted using PubMed and alternative search engines. Further, additional information concerning the constitutional articles was collected from search engines like legal service of India, prsinndia.org, icmr.nic.in, Press Information Bureau, Wikipedia, IJCM and Indiankanoon. In India, surrogacy is legally recognised since 2002. This paper looks into various aspects of surrogacy. Factors faced by the surrogate mother such as exploitation, psychological conditions, human rights, dignity and respect, feminism and religious issues are explored. The paper discuss the economic benefit is mostly enjoyed by the medical practitioners. The Indian government tried to curb the problems by updating the law to overcome the challenges but with time government introduce the surrogacy bill in 2016 which addressed many issues and still in 2020 it address various aspects of surrogacy to prevent the exploitation.
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Somych, Mykola, Oleksandr Kalian, and Bohdan Strilets. "Some theoretical and practical problems of legal protection of occupational safety: national and international aspects." Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, no. 1 (May 6, 2024): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2024.1.16.
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The academic article deals with certain issues of the theory and practice of regulatory regulation of labour protection in Ukraine. Main organisational and legal forms of occupational safety and health, as well as main tasks of labour protection management in the country, are defined. Philosophical, general scientific and special legal methods of cognition, including but not limited to formal-legal and comparative legal methods, were used for the research. It is noted that Ukraine’s health and safety situation is one of the most challenging in Europe. The authors also state that importance of the psychological climate in the workplace and its impact on the production process cannot be underestimated, so relevant measures in the context of its improvement are proposed. The article highlights certain aspects of labour protection regulation at the international legal level in general (ensured by the International Labour Organization) and at the level of the European Union in particular, as well as the impact of relevant standards on national legislation. The authors formulate proposals for improving the labour protection institute in modern economic conditions in Ukraine, including but not limited to: implementing innovative legal education and training programs focused on occupational safety and health;, creating/improving safe working conditions under martial law, including proper equipment of shelters for use during air raids; ensuring submission of a draft law on improving penalties for violations of labour protection legislation, which will increase employers’ responsibility for compliance with labour protection legislation. It is concluded that the occupational health and safety management system shall be based not only on measures taken by the state, but also on the interest of the parties to labour relations in maintaining the proper physical condition of the employee, which is inextricably linked to the economic and social well-being of the employer.
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Lukontseva, Yuliia. "JUSTIFICATION OF LEGAL PLURALISM IN THE MODERN WORLD." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Law", no. 31 (August 4, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1834-2021-31-03.
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ANNOTATION: the article is devoted to the study of the basic directions of justification of the need for legal pluralism in the modern world. It is proved that the arguments of the supporters of the concept of legal pluralism can be systematized by distinguishing the substantive legal, cultural-psychological, global-historical and pragmatic aspects of the studied issues. The substantive-legal aspect of the justification of legal pluralism is connected with the understanding of law as a phenomenon, which is not limited to state-government normative prescriptions, but also permits the existence of relatively autonomous legal systems created by different social groups. This approach is most consistently advocated by representatives of the sociological school, social anthropology and the communicative theory of law. The cultural-psychological aspect of the justification of legal pluralism is connected with the fact that in modern society exist a significant number of ethno-cultural communities, each of which has a special understanding of equality, freedom, justice and order. Ignoring the cultural and religious diversity of the population by the state can lead to informal regulatory practices, shadow law and shadow justice. The global-historical aspect of the justification of legal pluralism reflects the impact of globalization, information technology, postmodern philosophy on the development of state and law. In the world today, there are many organizations with their own legal order and the ability to exert legal influence over different entities, regardless of their nationality. The pragmatic aspect of the justification of legal pluralism is oriented towards ensuring the effectiveness of legal regulation, since centralized state-government regulation does not always ensure the proper achievement of the objectives of law. This thesis is illustrated by the example of Latin American law. It is concluded that each of these aspects is sufficiently substantiated, and together they form a reliable "framework" of the scientific justification for the need for legal pluralism in the modern world.
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Sedliačiková, Mariana, Patrik Aláč, and Mária Moresová. "How Behavioral Aspects Influence the Sustainable Financial Decisions of Shareholders: An Empirical Study and Proposal for a Relevant Decision-Making Concept." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124813.
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Behavioral finance is an area or sub-discipline of behavioral economics that examines the real financial behavior and decision-making of people, including the knowledge of psychology and sociology. The objective of this paper was to identify and investigate the impact of significant cognitive, psychological and emotional factors affecting the financial decision-making of the shareholders of woodworking and furniture manufacturing and trading enterprises. This could lead to the design of decision-making concepts which take into account not only cognitive but also psychological and emotional factors and their influences on decision-making process, which could positively affect the sustainable development of the aforementioned types of enterprises. The mapping of the addressed issue was carried out by means of an empirical survey in the practice of the Slovak woodworking and furniture manufacturing and trading enterprises in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the survey were evaluated by descriptive, graphical and mathematical-statistical methods. Conclusions and recommendations were formulated based on the identification of key behavioral aspects (knowledge, security, freedom and sadness), the implementation of which could contribute to eliminating negative deviations and errors in the financial decision-making process of shareholders of woodworking and furniture manufacturing and trading enterprises.
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Hasibuan, Juneidi, and Syafrudin Syam. "A Legal Analysis on Online Fraud Using Fake Identity." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 2, no. 10 (July 27, 2023): 3308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i10.574.
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This study aims to analyze the legal accountability for online fraud using fake identities, also known as catfishing. The phenomenon of catfishing has become increasingly prevalent with the advancement of information technology, particularly in the use of social media and online dating applications. The practice of online fraud using fake identities has detrimental emotional, psychological, and financial impacts on victims.The research method used is document analysis and literature review. Through document analysis, the researcher analyzes relevant texts and legal documents such as laws, regulations, court decisions, and government policies related to online fraud and fake identities. Meanwhile, through literature review, the researcher searches for and reviews relevant literature on the legal aspects of online fraud and fake identities.The research findings indicate that catfishing can be a violation of the law depending on the country and jurisdiction in place. Some countries have adopted laws that regulate online fraud and the misuse of fake identities. However, identifying catfish perpetrators and enforcing related laws often proves to be challenging as they employ various means to conceal their true identities in the virtual world. The legal accountability for online fraud using fake identities needs to be acknowledged and strengthened. In this regard, law enforcement and prosecution of catfish perpetrators are crucial to protect society from online fraud practices. Additionally, prevention and protection efforts involving education and public awareness regarding the risks and preventive measures against catfishing should also be enhanced.
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Malatesti, Luca, and John McMillan. "Some Methodological Issues in Neuroethics: The Case of Responsibility and Psychopathy." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, no. 4 (October 2021): 681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180121000153.
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AbstractThere are some distinct methodological challenges, and possible pitfalls, for neuroethics when it evaluates neuroscientific results and links them to issues such as moral or legal responsibility. Some problems emerge in determining the requirements for responsibility. We will show how philosophical proposals in this area need to interact with legal doctrine and practice. Problems can occur when inferring normative implications from neuroscientific results. Other problems arise when it is not recognized that data about brain anatomy or physiology are relevant to the ascription of responsibility only when they are significantly correlated with the psychological capacities contemplated by the legal formulations of responsibility. We will demonstrate this by considering two significant cases concerning psychopathy. Some paradigms that aim at measuring higher-order capacities, such as moral understanding, have limited validity. More robust paradigms for the study of learning in restricted controlled conditions, on the other hand, have limited ecological validity across individuals and context to be of any use for the law.