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1
Salama, Mohamed A. A. "Student-teachers' competencies in skills needed for the practical work in biology in Egyptian secondary schools." Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280045.
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Blackmon, Scott Alexander. "Empowering elementary teachers in Texas to prepare their students for the science section of the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) 2003." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1145.
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The need for an effective means of enhancing the science comprehension of elementary teachers brought about changes in the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) exit exam for 5th grade students. The overall goal of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of an alternative method of science instruction to train pre-service teachers.
Web-based instructional designs are emerging as an alternative medium for disseminating course content in continuing education. A need exists to reach a point where web-based materials can be evaluated in terms of achieving desired teaching and learning outcomes, e.g., course grade, professional development certification, skills development and application of course content.
The course offered to pre-service teachers provided the opportunity to build their confidence in teaching science and knowledge of subject matter using a combination of traditional and web-based instructional components. The entire course including lessons, exams, and ancillary materials were included in a WebCt distance education platform at Texas A&M University, for pre-service teachers to access online. During the course of the semester students took six exams which determined their overall grade in the course.
Study objectives were measured using students enrolled in WFSC 420 Ecology for Teachers during the Fall 2002 and Spring 2003 semesters. The four required assessments were administered before the first exam and after the fifth exam. Analysis of pre- vs. post-course assessments was conducted using paired t-test analysis of mean scores on two assessments including the Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument and traditional versus web-based instruction. Student scores on the TAKS test were compared using raw average scores pre- and post-course. Additionally, each student's final course grade was correlated to the final TAKS score to determine the level of score consistency.
WFSC 420 Ecology for Teachers prepared pre-service teacher trainees to teach elementary science in two ways. First it provided the relevant science content necessary for teachers to adequately prepare their students for the TAKS exam. Secondly, it has been shown to improve students' confidence in their ability to teach science. Both of these provide a firm foundation to properly educate elementary science teachers for the future.
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Solomon, RS. "The effectiveness of an outreach intervention to provide teachers with the skills to implement practical and experimental work in their classes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1881.
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Solomon, Robert Simon. "The effectiveness of an outreach intervention to provide teachers with the skills to implement practical and experimental work in their classes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1943.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment/partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Education:
in the Faculty of Education
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Supervisor: Professor Fred Lubben
Mowbray, 2012Practical work in Science is considered to be an important component of science education. However, teachers in poor schools in the rural areas generally find it difficult to conduct practical work. An outreach project ‘Science for Rural Communities’ was launched to address this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature and coherence of the project and its influence on science teachers’ content knowledge, skills and classroom practice. The research is situated within a qualitative interpretive paradigm and has adopted an evaluative research design, underpinned by grounded theory as a method of analysis. The use of an evaluative framework normally used for curriculum innovation was adapted for the exploration of impact of the teachers’ professional development project. Teachers reported that they benefitted from participation in the project in various ways, such as increased conceptual understanding of science knowledge, improved practical skills and enhanced confidence. However, there were some inconsistencies identified in terms of project intentions and project outcomes. The suitability of the evaluation framework for teacher professional development programmes is discussed
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Sei, Salbung Bill, and n/a. "An analysis of some significant issues and problems as identified by the practical skills teachers in the provincial high schools in Papua New Guinea." University of Canberra. Education, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061108.145222.
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PURPOSE.
This study is entitled, 'An Analysis of some Significant
Issues and Problems as Identified by Practical Skills
teachers in the provincial high schools in Papua New
Guinea'.
It is hoped that the importance of this study lies in its
contribution in helping provincial school administrators,
Practical Skills teachers, curriculum advisory committee
members, inspectors, staff and students at the Design and
Technology Department to gain an insight into the current
problems and issues faced by Practical Skills teachers with the
end view of effecting changes in the present set-up to attain the
objectives of the Practical Skills programs in the provincial high
schools in Papua New Guinea.
METHODS USED:
The methods employed in this study to collect the data were:-
A. Questionnaires, B. Interviews and
C. Review of literature.
A proposed set of questions for the questionnaires was sent to
the Division of Research and Evaluation Unit, Department of Education in Port Moresby, who made some encouraging comments
and suggestions which were then used in the formulation of the
final questionnaires consisting of 32 questions.
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Mettler, Eunice. "Continuing Professional Teacher Development (CPTD) practices of teachers in working class schools in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5355.
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Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL)Continuing Professional Teacher Development (CPTD) of teachers at working class schools in South Africa has come under scrutiny over the past few years. Despite new education policies which incorporated the dire need for CPTD, the achievement of learners at working class schools remains poor. This investigation was prompted by the cause of this discrepancy. This study investigates the participation of teachers in Continuous Professional Development initiatives at working class schools in the Western Cape. The primary research question for this research paper is: “Why are teachers at working class schools not participating in CPTD initiatives as expected?” A qualitative approach within the interpretive paradigm was adopted throughout this study. The interpretive approach allowed the researcher to gain a more social world interpretation of the respondents as it provided insight in CPTD practices at working class schools. The process of data gathering was inductive as information emerges from interviews and questionnaires. Open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. The study comprised 15 respondents and included teachers at two schools and three officials from the Department of Education. The demographics of the two schools were similar which made it possible to ask the same questions for all respondents. The study highlighted the lack of participation of teachers in CPTD due to human, material and financial constraints. Urgent consideration needs to be given to eradicating these barriers for continuous professional development of teachers. Providers of CPTD should ensure that the needs of teachers are met and training should be embarked upon on a continuous basis. In addition, priority should be given to teachers employed at schools in working class areas.
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Andin, Christina. "Teacher educators' conceptions of thinking skills and practices for modelling thinking skills teaching." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599917.
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Instructional reform requires learning by those who implement it. Learning involves a process of reconstructing knowledge and beliefs entailed by complex behavioral change. A cognitive perspective of policy implementation underscores that behavioural changes have a fundamental cognitive component. By assuming that policy implementation as a relatively straightforward process of transmitting behavioural rules drawn up by policy-makers to those responsible for implementing the rules, a top-down policy implementation tends to undermine the learning needs of those who are implementing instructional change. This implies a connection between the organisational factor, learning and change. There is a rich base of literature on educational change theory and learning theory. What is lacking is research attempting to link these fields. This case study sheds light on the discussion about organisational factor, learning and change by investigating the implementation of a thinking skills policy in the context of teacher education in a fully centralised education system. This involves the examination of how eight teacher educators conceptualised the thinking skills policy and implemented the intended change in their teaching. Specifically, the research questions seek to examine the acquisition of knowledge and the alteration of belief which guide the change in practice with regard to thinking skills policy. Data were collected through interviews, observations and questionnaires. The study produces three key findings. The first finding concerns the gap and uncertainties of was the absence of the intended change in practice. The third finding relates the many barriers that impede the change in teaching practice to the lack of consideration of systemic factors in the change process. All the results are connected to the issue of the organisational factors as the framing that underlies the change process. The implications of the finding for the policy-making process are discussed
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Franco, Yvonne. "Novice Teachers' Stories of Solving Problems of Practice." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5948.
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National attention given to heightening the quality of educators, calls attention to the practices used by programs to prepare teachers (CAEP, 2013). The Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) requires evidence novice teachers “apply the professional… skills and dispositions preparation experiences were designed to achieve” (p.13). Grounded in reflection, teacher inquiry serves as a pedagogical practice to prepare teachers to systematically learn from their problems of practice (Shulman, 1986; Yendol-Hoppey & Franco, 2014). Despite evidence teacher inquiry leads preservice teachers (PSTs) to focus on student learning with the goal of improving practice (Capobianco, 2007; Dawson, 2006; Taylor & Pettit, 2007), research has yet to identify how beginning teachers approach their problems. Using a narrative methodology, this qualitative study interviewed two first-year teachers to glean insight into the problems of practice they identified, the inquiry related skills and dispositions that surfaced when they approached problems, and the barriers and facilitators to resolving challenges experienced in their elementary school context (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). Findings include (a) novices identified problems related to instructional methods, collaborating with stakeholders and teaching special need students; (b) inquiry skills and dispositions were most evident when approaching problems related to students’ needs and instructional methods; (c) critical learning and emotional intelligence surfaced, though with varying levels of depth, depended on the identified problem of practice; (d) novices demonstrated awareness their instructional practices impacted students; (e) novices sought ways to drive change in practice; and (f) critical learning and reflective dispositions supported novices to regulate emotions. The study suggests several implications for school administrators, mentors, and teacher educators, such as (a) leading novices to see beyond classroom management; (b) emphasizing essential problem solving skills; (c) supporting novices when the nature of the problem of practice inhibits asking investigative questions; (d) communicating boundaries for novices to drive change; (e) fostering critical learning with reflective focus on student needs; (f) cultivating the symbiotic relationship between emotional intelligence, critical learning, and reflection; and (g) promoting the novice teacher researcher in a traditional novice teacher culture.
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Viršulienė, Kristina. "Student-teachers' instructional communication skills and their development." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141222_133054-46024.
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The research by Lithuanian and foreign scientists justify the fact that instructional communication becomes a topical objective in the teacher-students’ professional self-development. Instructional communication is defined as a complex integral phenomenon, the most significant part of teacher’s activity, joining together all other activities into the whole and having an impact on pupil’s and teacher’s interaction, success of the self-developmental process. Teacher’s informative-communicative, perceptive, interactive skills of instructional communication perform a multifunctional role in pupils’ self-developmental process, while designing their world of values, motivating them to learn all life long, embed the attitudes of humanism, democracy, etc.
Scientific literature data and legal documents‘ analysis substantiate theoretically the development of student-teachers’ instructional communication topical and points out the problem of its insufficient research. The aim of the research is to reveal peculiarities and dynamics of student‘s and teachers‘ instructional communication in the study process.
The data of the empirical research revealed and substantiated prerequisites for student-teachers’ self-development of instructional communication skills: one’s self-determination to become a teacher, interpersonal relationship in a study group, carrying out practical tasks under the guidance of competent supervisors in particular. The integration of theoretical knowledge on... [to full text]Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslininkų darbai pagrindžia, kad pedagoginis bendravimas – aktualus siekinys būsimųjų mokytojų profesiniame ugdyme(si). Pedagoginis bendravimas apibrėžiamas kaip sudėtingas integruotas reiškinys, svarbiausia mokytojo veiklos dalis, jungianti į visumą visas kitas veiklas bei lemianti mokinio ir mokytojo sąveiką, ugdymo(si) proceso sėkmingumą. Mokytojo pedagoginio bendravimo informaciniai-komunikaciniai, percepciniai, interakciniai gebėjimai atlieka polifunkcinį vaidmenį mokinių ugdymo(si) procese, kuriant vertybinį pasaulį, motyvuojant mokymąsi visą gyvenimą, įtvirtina humaniškumo, demokratiškumo nuostatas ir kt. Darbe mokslinės literatūros analize aktualizuota būsimųjų mokytojų pedagoginio bendravimo ugdymo(si) aukštojoje mokykloje nepakankamo mokslinio ištyrimo problema, todėl išsikeltas tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti būsimųjų mokytojų pedagoginio bendravimo ypatumus ir dinamiką studijų procese. Remiantis empirinio tyrimo rezultatais atskleistos ir pagrįstos būsimųjų mokytojų pedagoginio bendravimo gebėjimų ugdymo(si) prielaidos: pasiryžimas dirbti mokytoju, tarpasmeniniai santykiai studijų grupėje, savarankiškos praktinės užduotys konsultuojant kompetentingiems vadovams. Taip pat pagrįstas integruoto pedagoginio bendravimo ugdymo pozityvus poveikis studentams: jų profesiniam (stiprėjantis apsisprendimas būti mokytoju), dalykiniam (sąmoningas siekis gilesnio dalykinio išprusimo) apsisprendimui, tarpasmeninių santykių grupėje dinamikai ir kt.
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Kalande, Wotchiwe Mtonga. "The Influence of Science Teacher Preparation Programs on Instructional Practices of Beginning Primary School Teachers in Malawi." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30146.
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The purpose of this study was to observe the science teaching practices of six primary school teachers in Standards 5 through 7, to learn about their perceptions of teaching science and to examine whether or not their teaching practices were in keeping with what they were taught during teacher preparation as well as Malawi's educational expectations for primary school science based upon MIITEP (Malawi Integrated In-service Teacher Education Program) handbooks. Three research questions were posited: (a) What is the teacher preparation program for primary teachers in Malawi? (b) What were the instructional practices of the six beginning primary school science teachers who were prepared in the teacher training college programs? (c) What connections were evident between what beginning primary school science teachers were expected to learn and what they demonstrated in the classroom? All of the six participants (5 males and 1 female) had completed MIITEP in the past three to five years. The data sources for these science teachers included a self-assessment form, pre-observation interviews, post-observation interviews, and lesson observations. Data were also gathered from MIITEP handbooks and three science teacher educators who were interviewed. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The study revealed that there were matches, partial matches, and mismatches between what the six primary school teachers demonstrated in their classroom as compared with the Malawi Ministry of Education science teacher preparation expectations. Of particular interest were that science teachers did not fully engage pupils in most of the process skills for science teaching, nor did they utilize a variety of appropriate teaching and learning strategies and materials for teaching science. In addition, allotted time for teaching science lessons was not fully utilized due to, among other factors, time conflicts with other official and community welfare duties, and mixing English with vernacular during teaching. Implications for practice and for further research have also been suggested.Ph. D.
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Dabia, Mustafa. "Developing pedagogic skills of Libyan pre-service teachers through reflective practice." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367357/.
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Over the last two decades, teacher education (TE) has witnessed substantial changes in the way the divide between theory and practice is viewed. This has resulted in changes in the approaches used to deliver TE programmes. Since Dewey (1933), teacher educators have been concerned with how to prepare teachers who are reflective about what they are doing. Hence, there has been widely applied emphasis on the investigation of practice. This study describes the introduction of Reflective Practice (RP) to Libyan fourth-year trainee teachers to enhance their thinking about pedagogic skills. Its main aim is to examine to what extent trainee teachers will engage in a reflective practice (RP) programme, how they will reflect on their everyday understanding and practice and how they may improve their thinking about practice as a result. It describes how an action research study was conducted with a group of 30 prospective teachers over a period of 14 weeks and involved three phases. The first two phases lasted twelve weeks. In the first phase, the participants engaged in general discussions on instructional strategies, and this paved the way for the second phase, where there was in-college teaching practice. Finally, the participants practised teaching for two consecutive weeks in a real-life context, i.e. in a secondary school. The findings indicate that the implementation of RP in the Libyan context promoted a culture of observation and critical discussions in a setting that has traditionally been characterised as passive and non-reflective. The study indicates that RP is an essential component of pre-service teachers’ development. However, if we are to make more progress, we need to aim for more understanding of the pedagogic process that supports trainee teachers’ (TTs) pedagogic inquiry. This will require good collaborative work between colleges and schools, between educators and language tutors in schools and colleges, and among TTs themselves.
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Hutchinson, Linda Prince. "Recommended practices for effective teaching in the International Baccalaureate Program: An examination of instructional skills, assessment practices, and teacher-efficacy beliefs of IB teachers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618682.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the design and implementation of the International Baccalaureate Program for its fit as an advanced academic option. The first step involved determining the alignment of program and curricular goals with recommended practices for general and gifted education and, consequently, to examine the instructional practices and self-efficacy beliefs of International Baccalaureate teachers.;A review of literature revealed limited research on IB Program implementation and its grounding in recommended instructional practice. Therefore, a comparative analysis was conducted of IB program and curricular goals to determine their alignment with 21 recommended practices for gifted and general education. The comparative analysis indicated the alignment of the 21 practices to IB goals indicating the IB Program was a viable advanced academic option. Once the consistency of the IB model with recommended instructional practices was determined, an examination of teacher practices was conducted.;The context for establishment of a profile of IB teachers was in two school districts in Virginia. Thirty-three IB teachers responded to the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001), ten of whom were observed for 60--90 minutes to assess their instructional practices within the framework of two research-based dimensions of the Teachers' Effectiveness Behavior Scale (Stronge & Tucker, 2001): six instructional skills and two assessment practices.;The study developed a profile of an IB teacher, who implemented a variety of instructional strategies with a consistent focus on instruction from bell to bell, high levels of instructional clarity and complexity, and high expectations for student learning in and out of class. Teacher-directed strategies, in particular direct instruction (DI), were characteristic of instruction during class time. End-of-course assessments (external assessments) appeared to be the force behind the teacher-directed approach to in class instruction. However, evidence indicated that internal assessments (IB program required work conducted by students and facilitated by teachers often outside of the class period) were characteristically student-directed independent study (IS) activities. The assessment driven IB profile is expressed formulaically as A → DI+IS.;Findings in regard to teachers' sense of efficacy indicated high levels of teacher efficacy beliefs on the total TSES scale and on the three subscales. Respondents were more likely to respond that they had "quite a bit" to "a great deal" of influence over student behavior and their ability to implement effective teaching strategies. The highest rated items on the scale corresponded to the instructional skills and assessment practices on which teachers exhibited high levels of performance.
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Becker, Carolyn M. "An examination of the relationship between teachers' technological experiences, skills, and integrative practices." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1172004383.
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Thesis (Dr. of Education)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 6, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: technology, teacher training, technology integration, elementary education, computer training Includes bibliographical references.
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BECKER, CAROLYN M. "AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS' TECHNOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES, SKILLS, AND INTEGRATIVE PRACTICES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1172004383.
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Rose, Dennis J. "The effect of practice on the acquisition and maintenance of teaching skills." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/813.
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Teachers sometimes fail to use previously acquired teaching skills. A review of studies which had examined the maintenance of teaching skills found that some training programmes which used skill practice and feedback on performance were successful in achieving maintenance. The present study was designed to test the effect of practice and feedback in diverse settings on the acquisition and maintenance of teaching skills. The following skills were selected for training: 1. Increasing the use of approval and decreasing the use of disapproval. 2. Increasing the use of feedback and decreasing the use of criticism. 3. Using wait-time: (a) after asking a question and before calling on a student to answer, (teacher wait-time) and (b) after a student response has finished (pupil wait-time). Repeated measures were made of nineteen student teachers teaching during a six week student teaching practice prior to the training course and again immediately following it. Ten of them, who also secured teaching positions, were observed when teaching in their own classrooms. During the training course, the subjects practised some skills until the training targets had been achieved five times in each of two settings (the 2 X 5 treatment). They practised the remaining skills until the training targets had been achieved two times in each of two classroom settings (the 2 X 2 treatment). The subjects observed one another practise and the results of these observations were used to provide them with performance feedback. There was a general training effect although there was no treatment effect for the amount of practice. More maintenance was found when the subjects became employed as classroom teachers than was observed immediately after training. More skills were maintained when there was a match between the class level being taught and the class level practised with during training. Feedback was maintained by most subjects while teacher wait-time and low rates of criticism were maintained by the fewest subjects. It was hypothesized that the subjects had previously been subjected to thousands of hours of observational learning of teacher behaviour and that a brief training course may not have had sufficient impact to counter such prior learning. It was also hypothesized that there were unidentified stimuli, context variables and sources of reinforcement controlling the performance of particular skills by individual subjects. It was concluded that future research in this field should seek to identify these sources of stimulus control.
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Murphy, Caroline. "Practice, pedagogy and policy : the influence of teachers' creative writing practice on pedagogy in schools." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/13334/.
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This research aims to develop understanding of how teachers’ experience of practising creative writing influences pedagogy in schools. The research is located within a literary studies domain, responding to the context in which creative writing is most commonly taught in schools and in higher education. The central research question explored is: • How is the pedagogy of creative writing in schools influenced by teachers’ creative writing practice? The research explores the premise that creative writing practice has the potential to raise teachers’ ‘confidence as writers’, enabling them to ‘provide better models for pupils’ (Ofsted, 2009: p.6). This thesis examines what ‘creative writing practice’ means in the context of developing pedagogy; considers how creative writing is conceptualised by teachers; and investigates how teachers’ creative writing practice connects to pedagogic methods and approaches. The research sub questions that underpin the research are: • How has creative writing been conceptualised in educational policy, and how do these conceptions influence pedagogy in schools? • Does the practice of creative writing influence teachers’ conceptualisations of creative writing, and, if so, what is the impact on pedagogy? • Does the practice of creative writing influence teachers’ perceptions of themselves as writers, and, if so, what is the impact on pedagogy? • Does the experience of working with writers influence teachers’ pedagogic approaches in the classroom, and if so, how? The research includes a case study involving 14 primary and secondary school teachers, engaged in developing their own creative writing practice under the guidance of professional writers. The case study approach enables exploration of the research questions through analysis of participants’ lived experience of creative writing practice and pedagogy. The analysis of the case study at the heart of this research is situated within an interpretive framework, acknowledging the complexity of multiple meanings at play in socio-cultural learning contexts. The analysis draws on Bruner’s exploration of how pedagogical approaches imply conceptions of the learner’s mind and pedagogy (Bruner, 1996), and considers the interplay between teachers’ experiences of creative writing, and their choice of pedagogical methods and approaches.
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Rivera, Nancy Leland. "Choosing the right path : my personal evolution as a teacher developing and maintaining reflective practice /." Click here to view full-text, 2007. http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/ipp_collection/2/.
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Sabado, Kindra Xerez. "Exploring Teachers' Perspective of Digital Literacy Pedagogy: Implications for Future Practice." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5260.
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Pedagogy has not addressed the literacy shift from reading, writing, and speaking to include cognitive digital literacy skills. Teachers lack the technological pedagogical content knowledge to integrate digital literacy skills into student learning. Using a digital literacy framework with 6 essentials skills, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate teachers' (a) current understanding, knowledge and skills; (b) current integration of digital literacy skills; (c) challenges they face in integration; and (d) supports needed in shifting pedagogical practices to address change. Participants were 13 teachers from high school content areas. Data were gathered through focus groups interviews, observations, and artifacts. Data were coded with MAXQDA software, compared, organized, and refined based on the 4 research questions. Findings revealed high levels of knowledge for the terms digital literacy and photovisual literacy. Integration levels of digital literacy skills varied with more evidence in photovisual and reproduction literacy. Five minor challenge themes (critical thinking; time; information and technology literacy; infrastructure and access; and behavior and attitude) and 4 minor support themes (professional development; planning and preparation time; observation and feedback; and schoolwide focus and routines) emerged. Analysis of findings revealed 4 major themes: critical thinking, integrated professional development, effective use of time, and infrastructure and schoolwide routines. Findings may affect positive social change by engaging teachers in critical reflection through professional development leading to improvements in teacher pedagogical practices related to furthering the digital literacy skills of youth.
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Jantan, Abdul. "Inclusive education in Malaysia : mainstream primary teachers' attitudes to chance of policy and practices." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1196/.
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The Malaysian Ministry of Education is planning to implement inclusive education in mainstream primary schools by the year 2010. This ambitious project may lead to significant change but may also encounter a variety of barriers including provision of resources, established forms of teacher training and established teacher attitudes. Malaysian primary school teachers may find themselves in the unfortunate position of having to implement an innovation for which they are unprepared, both in terms of emotional acceptance and technical skills. This study has been undertaken in response to a directive received from the Ministry of Education with the express aim of providing the Ministry with relevant material concerning an examination of the attitudes (understanding/beliefs, feelings/values and behaviours) of primary school teachers in relation to the present and planned educational provision in Malaysia regarding inclusive education. It also takes account of these teachers' perspectives of their own needs and of resource requirements to support this move towards inclusive practice. The study population consisted of a sample of primary school teachers in Melaka, one of the states of federal Malaysia, which I view as representative of the nation's teachers. In the study attitudes were investigated in terms of a three-components model of attitude formation to identify cognitive, affective, and conative aspects. For this purpose two data collecting approaches were used i.e. quantitative (by questionnaire method) and qualitative (by interview), in order to define the nature of teacher attitudes towards inclusive education. To this end two Malay-language instruments were developed for the study, namely a standard questionnaire technique and a semi- structured interview schedule used in individual, face-to-face interviewing. The findings of the study indicate that Malaysian primary teachers at present have a concept of inclusive education as merely placing all children identified by the Ministry of Education with learning difficulties into mainstream classes, either part-time or Rill-time. The teachers were of the view that the structure of primary schools will need to change in order to support the Ministry's plan, or else the plan itself should be modified. Methods are discussed as to how Malaysia's present primary educational provision might begin to move towards an effective policy and practice of inclusive education.
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Conti, Michael J. "The online teaching skills and best practices of virtual classroom teachers| A mixed method Delphi study." University of Phoenix, 2013.
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Schillinger, Tammy. "Mathematical Instructional Practices and Self-Efficacy of Kindergarten Teachers." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2101.
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A local urban school district recently reported that 86% of third graders did not demonstrate proficiency on the Math Standardized Test, which challenges students to solve problems and justify solutions. It is beneficial if these skills are developed prior to third grade. Students may be more academically successful if kindergarten teachers have moderate to high self-efficacy when teaching lessons that focus on justifying solutions. Bandura's self-efficacy theory was incorporated into this study as the conceptual framework lens. Research questions were designed to investigate kindergarten teachers' instruction in mathematics that focused on justifying solutions, their self-efficacy in challenging students to justify solutions, and the identification of professional development. Voluntary participants for this study were selected from the 11 elementary schools in the district. Within the 11 elementary schools, there were 33 lead teachers who were invited to participate in the study and 7 agreed to participate in interviews and observations. The data were analyzed using both situation and strategy coding. The analysis of the data revealed a connection between professional development, self-efficacy, and instructional strategies. A relationship was identified between professional development and the teachers' ability to challenge students to problem solve and justify solutions. These findings may be valuable for early childhood stakeholders within the education field. Professional development tends to improve the self-efficacy of teachers and the instructional strategies they incorporate.
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Koksal, Ela Ayse. "The Acquisition Of Science Process Skills Through Guided (teacher-directed) Inquiry." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609719/index.pdf.
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The international and national assessment results indicated that Turkish students&rsquoconceptual understanding in science and basic inquiry skills are far behind the expected levels. The reason of low achievement could be attributed to many sources such as family background characteristics, students&rsquo
attitudes, and teaching methodologies. The low socioeconomic environment in the school and crowded classrooms are important facts that should be somehow considered by the educational researchers. The way a teacher teaches in a crowded classroom is important to help students&rsquo
understanding of concepts and development of inquiry skills. The present study aimed to propose a methodology that helps teachers to enhance students&rsquo
understanding of concepts and develop inquiry skills in many schools with various socio-economic-status environments and large classrooms. The method proposed could be called as guided (teacher-directed) inquiry to develop concepts, skills, and affective characteristics of the students such as attitudes. This study was conducted with 168 sixth grade public elementary school students in Ankara in 2006-07 academic year. Repeated measures design was used in the study. Intact groups received either traditional or teacher-directed inquiry instructions. The students in both groups were measured with the unit achievement and science process skills tests, and attitudes toward science questionnaire before and after the instructions, and repeatedly after no treatment by a retention or delayed test. It was found that while the guided (teacher-directed) inquiry instruction made a difference on student achievement in the first unit (Reproduction, Development and Growth in Living Things), it could not make a difference on student achievement in the second unit (Force and Motion). The instruction also made a difference on students&rsquo
science process skills test performance and both the composite and individual attitude scores. It is concluded that guided (teacher-directed) inquiry instruction generally helps students&rsquo
understanding of science concepts and results with achievement in science. It helps students&rsquo
development of scientific skills with authentic experiences. Guided (teacher-directed) inquiry instruction also has an effect on students&rsquo
development of positive attitudes toward science and technology course, specifically on self-concept, anxiety, interest, career, enjoyment, and usefulness dimensions.
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Dohm, Alexandra Maria Ethlyn. "Career skills needed to be a successful artist: Finding links between art teachers' practices and artists' beliefs." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278742.
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By interviewing professional artists, I explore the career skills fine artists perceive as necessary for financial success in the art world. Through interviews with art teachers, I examine how these necessary career concepts are being taught in elementary and secondary art classrooms. I also discuss reasons for insufficient implementation of career skills and provide suggestions for how art teachers can improve their career education curriculum.
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Rouamba, Paul. "Transfer of teaching skills from practicum to probation : aspects of the Burkinabe EFL novice teachers use of teaching skills at the threshold of their profession." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359202.
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Gomez, Franco Ligia E. "Exploring teachers’ read-aloud practices as predictors of children’s language skills: the case of low-income Chilean preschool classrooms." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3825.
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Thesis advisor: Marina VasilyevaBook-reading is a common practice among teachers in developed countries; yet, little research has been done on the nature and the role of this activity in predicting children's language outcomes in developing countries with languages other than English. The present study sought to address this gap by examining preschool teachers' speech characteristics and the read-aloud strategies used in Chilean schools serving Spanish-speaking children from low-income families. The investigation expanded previously used methodology by providing a more in-depth analysis of the teachers' strategies used during book reading in preschool classrooms. It examined whether the variability in read-aloud strategies and speech characteristics predicted preschoolers' vocabulary and comprehension growth over a school year. This study was exploratory in nature and it used available Chilean Prekindergarten data from Un Buen Comienzo intervention project. As part of the project, teachers were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group, with teachers in the intervention group participating in workshops designed to improve their instructional methods. Teachers' speech characteristics and read-aloud strategies were coded based on videotaped records of reading activities in classrooms. A final list of 24 read-aloud strategy codes emerged; High and Low level composites were created to reflect different degrees of cognitive stimulation. Descriptive analysis demonstrated substantial variability in the use of read-aloud strategies and speech characteristics across teachers. Teachers in the intervention group, on average, used a greater number of diverse read-aloud strategies than teachers in the control group. Results from Hierarchical Linear Modeling analysis revealed a significant difference in the relation between the use of Read-aloud strategies and the growth of children's vocabulary as a function of condition (intervention vs. control group). Specifically, for the teachers in the intervention group, High-level read-aloud strategies were found to be a statistically significant predictor of children's vocabulary growth scores. In contrast, for teachers in the control group, this relation was not significant. Low-level read-aloud strategies and speech characteristics were not significantly related to children's language outcomes in either intervention or control group. The implications of the findings for further research on classroom linguistic environment and for teaching practices in preschool classrooms are discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
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Tegnered, Axel, and Jonas Rentner. "Teachers’ Views on Teaching English Pronunciation : A Phenomenographic Study of Upper-secondary Teachers’ Views and Reported Practices." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177896.
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This study investigates Swedish upper-secondary teachers’ views and reported practices regarding pronunciation instruction in the English-as-a-foreign-language classroom. It adopts a mixed-method design, analysing qualitative data collected from a focus-group interview (N=4) and quantitative data collected from an online survey (N=54). To investigate the views and reported practices of teachers, the following research questions were posed: 1. What are the views and attitudes of English teachers in the Swedish upper-secondary school regarding pronunciation and pronunciation instruction? 2. How do English teachers in the Swedish upper-secondary school describe their own practices in pronunciation instruction? Results indicate that teachers generally value comprehensibility as the most important aim of pronunciation instruction. However, a native-like accent still seems to be highly valued, and nativeness norms still seem to affect teachers’ views and practices to some extent. Finally, our findings indicate that teachers spend very little time on pronunciation teaching in general, and they highlight that other aspects of language instruction are more important.
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Rathsack, Carrie E. "A Profile of Early 21ST Century Teachers of Northwest Ohio: The Relationship Between Teachers' Technology Integration and Leadership Practices." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332162529.
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Dávila, Angel María. "CONSTRUCTION OF EFL TEACHER EDUCATORS’ KNOWLEDGE BASE IN A TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM IN NICARAGUA." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1614.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand and describe the sources of Nicaraguan EFL teacher educators’ knowledge base, the types of knowledge and skills that constructed their knowledge base, and the relationship of this knowledge base and classroom practices in a teacher education program at a Nicaraguan University. This study presents a literature review on the sources of knowledge and knowledge base of EFL teacher educators in the field of language teacher education. I used a purposeful sampling technique to select both the research site and the six EFL teacher educators who participated as research participants in this study. Data were collected from three sources: a curriculum analysis, six one-shot semi-structured interviews, and a document analysis to lesson plans, syllabi, and assessment instruments used by the research participants. To analyze the data collected, I used the qualitative data analysis model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). As a mode of findings, I describe the sources of knowledge, a categorization of knowledge base and skills that Nicaraguan EFL teacher educators possess as well as the relationship they identified between their knowledge base and their teaching practices in EFL teacher education classrooms. Findings revealed that Nicaraguan EFL teacher educators possess sixteen types of knowledge and fourteen types of skills that resulted from eight sources of knowledge, among which English proficiency, own experiences as language learners, subject knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, teaching experience in EFL teacher education programs, assessment knowledge of language student teachers, and knowledge of students’ L1 seem to be the most important when it has to do with actual teaching in language teacher education classrooms. In addition, according to the findings, the process of becoming an EFL teacher educator may take many years. It begins with the professional coursework teacher educators take in their language teacher education programs where they first become English teachers. It continues with teaching experiences either in high schools, English teaching centers, or universities. Their professional knowledge as teacher educators is completed through the interaction with EFL preservice student teachers in teacher education classrooms, in which their previous pedagogical, linguistic, and teaching experiences as EFL teachers is transformed. In other words, their professional identity as EFL teacher educators is developed as they begin teaching in EFL teacher education programs. Pursuing this further, this study presents some pedagogical implications based on the findings that can help improve the quality and preparation of EFL teacher educators in Nicaragua. Finally, it offers some avenues for more research regarding the knowledge base of EFL teacher educators in Nicaraguan teacher education programs.
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Roberts, Amelia. "Embedding thinking skills in professional practice : can teachers' utilisation of CPD opportunities be explained by a meta-activity framework?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006482/.
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This study sought to understand the processes by which teachers utilise Thinking Skills Continuing Professional Development (CPD) opportunities. A case study in an independent school in London, the research was split into two parts: one-to-one CPD with the researcher, focused on integrating Thinking Skills strategies into the classroom, then small group CPD, part of an Assessment for Learning school initiative. This was included as part of the Thinking Skills approach due to some important overlaps in pedagogical stance. The main data was collected as Field Diary, semi-structured interviews and recordings of the dialogue in one-to-one CPD sessions and small groups. Following a Grounded Theory perspective, themes emerged initially that were linked to a Social Dynamic approach to understanding the organisational influences which impact utilisation of CPD. However, as the study progressed, it emerged that this approach had limited use as a specific analytical tool. A stronger theme emerging was the concept of a Meta-Activity (engaging in the CPD) as well as an Object-Activity (integrating the CPD into the classroom). This was formalised into a framework utilising Vygotsky's Triangle of Mediation, doubled to represent both the Meta-Activity and the Object- Activity. The Meta-Activity Framework explains the process of teacher interaction with the presented opportunity and the way in which dialogue subsequently evolves to characterise the emerging paradigm. The Meta-Activity framework offers an understanding of boundary brokering of the new paradigm, identifying the specific point at which failure or success in embedding Thinking Skills in professional practice occurs. The extent to which teachers engage in the Meta-Activity process forms patterns characterised as Activity Engagement, Activity Refusal and Activity Sabotage. Of particular interest is that teachers who appear to obstruct engagement with the Meta- Activity tend to have unresolved problems in implementing CPD, stemming from systemic priorities and social dynamics of the school.
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Hensley, Lauren Elizabeth. "A Replication Comparing Two Teaching Approaches: Teaching Pre-service Teachers to Implement Evidence-Based Practices with Fidelity." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468352869.
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Malone, Beverly E. Angell Maureen E. "Secondary level special education teachers' perspectives and self-reported practices related to the self-determination skills of high school students with disabilities." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1417813001&SrchMode=1&sid=9&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1207666444&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.Title from title page screen, viewed on April 8, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Maureen E. Angell (chair), John K. Rugutt, Debra L. Shelden, Julia B. Stoner. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-111) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Omolere, Okuntade Japhet. "An Exploration of Micro-Teaching skills with digital technology (cell phone) in B.ED Programmes at a Western Cape University." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7510.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDMicro-teaching provides a framework for teachers’ professional development with emphasis on the teach and re-teach cycle as a practical procedure for the development of micro-teaching skills. One fundamental element in this teach and re-teach cycle is the use of digital technology tools as a recording device which may help aid the understanding and application of micro-teaching skills. This study explores micro-teaching skills with the use of digital technology (cell phone) in B.Ed. programmes at a Western Cape university. The study aims to merge the past and present strategies to initiate the development of a simple model to improve micro-teaching methodology using a simple and mostly available digital technology tool which can allow for self-evaluation and personal reflection. The study seeks to investigate how a digital technology, through a cell phone, can guide practical learning to support pre-service teachers in the micro-teaching presentation. The underpinning theories that frame this study were Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory, Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Mishra & Koehler’s Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Theory. These theories emphasize social interactions, modelling and the use of technological tools as a significant aspect of skills development. The combination of these theories informs the conceptually developed knowledge acquisition, knowledge construction and the implementation with technology (KACIT) model with the aim to encourage the construction and implementation of micro-teaching knowledge with available digital technology tools. The study employs a sequential explanatory design, using a case study approach, which draws on both quantitative and qualitative methods as sources of data collection. The quantitative procedure adopted video recording as a form of data collection, using a conceptually developed teaching skills rubric, with a three level Likert-scale rating. SPSS version 25 was used to get the aggregated descriptive statistical values of each teaching skill. The qualitative procedure employed unstructured interviews, lesson plan observation, and thematic and content analysis was used to interpret and analyse the interviews and lesson plans respectively. The sample size of this study is drawn from the B.Ed. students in the Faculty of Education at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). Two hundred and sixteen (216) participants were involved in the quantitative data collection phase, while the qualitative data collection phase consisted of twelve (12) participants for the focus group discussion, five (5) school-based supervisors, five (5) pre-service teachers and (5) five lesson plans from the students-portfolio documents. The findings attest to the general context of micro-teaching as a strategy for developing pre-service teachers‟ teaching skills. It further highlights the high theoretical knowledge levels of micro-teaching of the B.Ed. students, and the relative lack of practical knowledge of micro-teaching of the students. In addition, the findings reveal the high technological knowledge levels of the participants and the need to deepen the professional knowledge of the B.Ed. students along the lines of authentic teaching experiences within the university environment. As part of the recommendations, the study emphasises the use of a digital video platform as a complementary strategy and as a form of reflective practice in micro-teaching presentations. Importantly, the study further recommends that the Minimum Requirements for Teacher Education Qualifications (MRTEQ) policy document, on the knowledge mixes for teaching competences in terms of the observation outcome, should be re-considered with a clear guideline for South African universities to have a uniform framework and a clear picture of its implementation.
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Roy, Mamta. "Teacher Preparation and Professional Development: Competencies and Skill Sets for the Online Classroom." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1445878181.
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Hudson, Tina M. "Teaching Writing Skills in Low-SES, Rural Classrooms: The Impact of Evidence Based Practices on Teacher Pedagogy and Student Achievement." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4006.
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Boney, Kathryn. "Beyond the Skilled Application of Know-How: Pedagogical Reasoning as Phronesis in Highly Competent Teachers." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4989.
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Given the teacher-as-technician view and the instrumentalist values that pervade professional schools, practices, and policy decisions (Kinsella & Pitman, 2012a; Zeichner, 2012) with regard to teacher qualification, evidence-based practices, and scripted curricula, there is growing concern that something of fundamental importance and moral significance is missing from the vision of what it means to be a professional, particularly in the field of education. In order to articulate teacher practical knowledge in a way that reflects the complexities of practice, a framework that captures the complexity of teaching practice and helps to define the type of knowledge beyond content and technique, which enables teachers to make practically wise decisions is needed. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the practical reasoning of highly competent teachers as it is revealed through meaning making about their experiences of pedagogical reasoning. The aim of this study was to provide an interpretive description of teacher pedagogical reasoning, then utilize the construct of professional phronesis as a framework for understanding the dimension of teacher knowledge involved in judgment (Coulter & Wiens, 2002; Kinsella, 2012).
In order to develop a detailed, multi-perspectival account of the constructs of pedagogical reasoning and professional phronesis, I employed an interpretive phenomenological case study design (Smith et al. 2009) to examine the experiences of three participants. Analysis of the data revealed the pedagogical reasoning of the participants as a knowledge that continuously develops over time through a corpus of instructional experiences including: purposeful professional
development, problem solving and reflection. The pedagogical reasoning of the participants was also found to operate as an instructional decision-making process that occurs in two modes: in deliberate planning and preparation for instruction, and spontaneously as they engage in instruction. Finally, the pedagogical reasoning of the participants was characterized by an orientation towards achieving multiple goals at once. All participants acknowledged the content of her discipline as an established goal; however, they described their decision-making in terms of goals for both themselves as practitioners regarding their role in student learning, as well as goals for student outcomes that extended beyond the development of student content knowledge. Professional/personal and instructional goals are tied to the identities of the individual participants and reflect how the unique dispositions of the participants influences the factors they consider in making instructional decisions, regardless of operational mode. Finally, all participants discussed a personal paradigmatic shift in focus from an early-career focus on content delivery to a focus on the needs of individual students and the necessity of developing relationships with students in order to achieve their personal/professional goals and goals for student growth. These themes regarding the experience of pedagogical reasoning reflected the six features of professional phronesis outlined by Kinsella and Pitman (2012b), which suggests that phronesis is a viable construct within the practice knowledge of highly competent teachers.
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Conway, Joan. "A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ABOUT COACHING AND TEACHERS' ATTITUDES, PERCEPTIONS, AND PRACTICES IN READING INSTRUCTION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2324.
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The purpose of this study was to explore elementary teachers' self-reporting of: a) work with a reading coach and b) attitudes, perceptions, and practices in teaching reading. The five point ratings and open-ended responses on the survey were the sources of data. Surveys were returned by 85% of teachers in five elementary schools in Collier County, Florida. Correlations of survey items were analyzed on the basis of the aggregated data and the following subgroups: certification, years of experience, school demographics, and grade levels. The survey in this study was excerpted and adapted from a survey, which was tested for validity and reliability, used with teachers in a research study, and published by the National Staff Development Council (NSDC) in Evaluating professional development: An approach to verifying program impact on teachers and students (Shaha, Lewis, O'Donnell, & Brown, 2004). Permission to use the survey was granted by Performance Learning Systems, Inc. and the National Staff Development Council (see Acknowledgements). The primary question for this study was: Are teachers' self-reports of their attitudes, perceptions, and instructional practices on the Reading Instruction Survey correlated with the amount of coaching they indicated they had received? Secondary questions pertained to how the results changed for the subgroups. The literature review contained information about resources and research in reading that led to the provision of reading coaches. High-stakes for the improvement of reading instruction from federal, state, and local levels provided a rationale for the study. The results of this study indicated that coaching made a difference for these teachers. The aggregated and disaggregated data revealed small to large, significant correlations to coaching. The items with the greatest number and magnitude of correlations to coaching were isolated skills instruction and intervention plans. The evidence of positive relationships of attitudes, perceptions, and practices to work with a coach is an important finding. The limited correlations of skilled, balanced, and integrated strategies led to questions about the content of the coaching. Further research is needed to determine whether the content of the professional development offered by coaches is comprehensive enough to impact reading proficiency levels of all students.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Studies
Education
Curriculum and Instruction
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Jong, Young Ok. "An investigation into the benefits of collaborative writing for the development of EFL children’s communication skills : a reflective report of a teacher researcher." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3743/.
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The purpose of the present study is to investigate effective ways of designing taskbased collaborative writing lessons in the EFL classroom in South Korea. In this research, a group of 11/12 year-old children were involved in repeating three different writing tasks three times. In order to examine the effects of task type and task repetition on task performance and outcomes, written texts were measured in terms of fluency, accuracy, and lexical complexity with seven sub-measures and pair dialogues were quantified by the focus on a particular aspect of the language and then categorised into form-focus, lexical-focus, and mechanical-focus language-related episodes. Follow-up interviews were undertaken with the children to examine their perspectives on collaborative writing from their first experience of paired writing. On the basis of self-reflection on my prior learning and teaching experience in the EFL context, a classroom action research project was designed and conducted to promote my personal and professional growth. Classroom observation was undertaken to monitor the children’s performance and engagement when working together. The results of quantitative and qualitative data analysis showed strong effects of task type and task repetition on the products and processes of Korean children’s writing and the pedagogical benefits of collaborative writing. In addition, this teacher research gave me a valuable opportunity to explore ways of becoming a reflective teacher. The research findings may help classroom teachers who want to develop task-based collaborative writing lessons in the classroom and teacher researchers who want to initiate classroom action research to improve their teaching practice.
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Buffington, Melanie L. "Using the Internet to develop students' critical thinking skills and build online communities of teachers: A review of research with implications for museum education." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092187119.
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Gonzalez, Eduardo David. "Is there a difference between teacher perceptions about computer lab use in developing higher order thinking skills and actual computer lab practices?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2415.
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This study surveyed 15 teachers from an elementary school in Southern California regarding their perceptions of their use of the computer lab as an educational tool to develop student higher order level thinking skills, and compared the results to the actual computer lab activities they assigned. Data regarding actual computer lab practices was collected over a period of one school year. This data was analyzed and categorized by using Bloom's Taxonomy descriptors. Each computer lab activity was scaled and given a value using these descriptors of higher order thinking skills. Results indicated a difference between teacher's perceptions and skills targetted in assigned computer activities.
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Codreanu, Elias Julian [Verfasser], Christina [Akademischer Betreuer] Seidel, Christina [Gutachter] Seidel, and Andreas [Gutachter] Obersteiner. "Approximating practice: Developing a video-based simulation for measuring preservice teachers' diagnostic skills / Elias Julian Codreanu ; Gutachter: Christina Seidel, Andreas Obersteiner ; Betreuer: Christina Seidel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239812558/34.
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Rose, Sarah Elizabeth. "Development of drawing ability and the attitudes and practices towards children's drawings in Steiner and National Curriculum schools." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2014. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2013/.
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Among educationalists there is some uncertainty about how best to teach children drawing skills and among psychologists there is uncertainty about how different approaches might influence children's drawing development. In the National Curriculum children are taught both expressive and representational drawing ability, but there is concern that the arts are being 'squeezed out' in favour of more 'academic' subjects. In contrast, children in Steiner schools experience less directive instruction in drawing, but experience an education where the arts and creativity are highly valued. However, little is known about the home drawing experiences of these pupils and the views of their teachers. This thesis aimed to identify similarities and differences in the drawing abilities and styles of pupils and the drawing attitudes and practices of the pupils, their parents and teachers. In study one expressive, representational and free drawings of 180 pupils (age 6 to 16 years old) were assessed for ability, style and creative intention. In study two 180 pupils, their teachers and parents were surveyed about attitudes and practices relevant to children's drawing experiences. Steiner pupils were found to have superior representational drawing ability but no consistent between-school differences were found in expressive drawing ability. Stylistic difference were evident in the free drawing. Drawing attitudes and practices of children were generally positive and few between-school differences identified. Parents and teachers associated with the Steiner schools tended to value drawing more highly, were more aware of the wider benefits of children engaging in art. However, National Curriculum teachers and parents tended to be more involved with children's drawing experiences. The studies presented in this thesis represent ground breaking research comparing drawing ability, and the art attitudes and practices that shape children's artistic experience in their respective Steiner and National Curriculum schools as well as their homes. More similarities were identified than anticipated. This suggests that school and home drawing environments may be less influential than previously thought. Alternatively, there might be fewer differences between the school types than the curricula suggest. Consequently, future research should consider the artistry of teachers and parents and observational data of classroom art lessons and home drawing experiences.
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Alsahou, Hamed. "Teachers' beliefs about creativity and practices for fostering creativity in science classrooms in the State of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19224.
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Fostering students’ creativity in school subjects has recently become a central focus of educational researchers, educators, and educational policymakers around the world. In Kuwait, educational researchers and teacher educators have supported the need to foster students’ creativity via a national curriculum. Yet, the Ministry of Education has conducted few studies to explore practitioners’ perspectives on how to foster creativity through the current curriculum. The overall aims of this study were to explore science teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and practices in fostering creativity in science classrooms as well as to investigate the influences of sociocultural factors on teachers’ beliefs and practices in fostering creativity. The study also examined the consistency and inconsistency levels between teachers’ beliefs and practices. The study has a qualitative nature that stands on an interpretive worldview. The methodology uses eight case studies, each of which consisted of a male science teacher and one of his classes. Multiple methods were used, including semi-structured interviews (pre- and post-observational interviews), student focus groups, unstructured observations, participants’ drawings, and field notes. The analysis was based on thematic analysis model proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006). Thematic findings and case studies findings were drawn from the analysis of the data collected. In general, the thematic findings indicated that science teachers are able to define the meaning of creativity and its main aspects. Professed pedagogical beliefs enforce four teaching approaches to foster creativity in the science classroom: the teaching of thinking skills, inquiry-based learning, cooperative learning, and practical investigation (experimentation). The teachers believe that these approaches could promote students’ creativity in science classroom when specific sociocultural factors facilitate the effectiveness of such approaches in terms of fostering creativity. Three interdependent categories represent these facilitating factors: (1) educational setting-related factors, (2) teacher-related factors, and (3) student-related factors. Differences and similarities appeared when these professed beliefs were compared to the applied classroom practices. The thematic analysis revealed several themes underlying the main categories. Extensive teacher-centred practices and modest student-centred practices were evident; more specifically, the observations revealed primarily teacher-centred approach inside the science classes. Meanwhile, student-centred approaches were modestly applied in comparison to teacher-centred activities. The teachers justified their practices in accordance with the sociocultural factors that mediate their beliefs and practices as well as the role of their goal orientation. The science teachers perceived the mediating factors as constraints that prevent them from applying their beliefs about fostering creativity in classroom practices. Multiple constraining factors emerged, and they were categorised into personal, external, and interpersonal constraints. Concerning the case study findings, consistencies and inconsistencies were identified using a cut-off point as an analytic technique to classify teachers’ beliefs and practices into traditional (non-creativity fostering), mixed, or progressive (creativity fostering). The case study findings identified four consistency and inconsistency levels characterizing teachers’ beliefs and practices: traditional (consistent level), mainly traditional (inconsistent level), mixed (consistent level), and mainly progressive (inconsistent level). Each level was represented by an exemplary case study. The exemplary case studies revealed that sociocultural contexts influence teacher’s belief-practice relationship with respect to fostering students’ creativity in science classroom. Further, the thematic and case study findings were discussed in relation to the existing body of knowledge, followed by an illustration of significant conclusions, including some implications, contributions, limitations, and future suggestions.
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Meacham, Colleen. "Can a Three-Day Training Focusing on the Nature of Science and Science Practices as They Relate to Mind in the Making Make a Difference in Preschool Teachers' Self-Efficacy Engaging in Science Education?" PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4076.
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As technology and our world understanding develop, we will need citizens who are able to ask and answer questions that have not been thought of yet. Currently, high school and college graduates entering the workforce demonstrate a gap in their ability to develop unique solutions and fill the current technology-driven jobs. To address this gap, science needs to be prioritized early in children's lives. The focus of this research was to analyze a science training program that would help pre-school teachers better understand Mind in the Making life skills, the nature of science, science practices, and improve their self-efficacy integrating science education into their classrooms and curriculum. Seventy-one teachers enrolled in two three-day, professional development trainings that were conducted over three, five-hour sessions approximately one month apart.
During that training the teachers learned hands-on activities for young children that introduced life and physical science content. They were also given the task of developing and implementing a science-based lesson for their students and then analyzing it with other participants.
The information from the lesson plans was collected for analysis. After the last training the teachers were given a pre/post retrospective survey to measure effective outcomes. The results from the lesson plans and surveys indicate that the trainings helped improve the teachers' understanding of Mind in the Making, the nature of science, and science practices. The results also show that the teachers felt more comfortable integrating science education into their classrooms and curriculum.
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Alnasib, Badiah Nasser M. "Practices from lecturers' and undergraduate students' perspectives in the Faculty of Education at a university in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33091.
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Many studies evidence the importance of metacognition in successful learning. Metacognitive skills improve the academic outcomes of learners. Additionally, metacognitive skills build lifelong learning skills, which are transferable to employment and other contexts. As such, developing metacognition in students is of great value to universities as society as a whole. This study explores the perceptions of lecturers and student teachers in a College of Education at a University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding the presence and promotion of metacognitive skills at the University in which the study took place. The study spanned three departments in the College, namely Kindergarten, Special Education, and Art Education. The study employs an interpretive research approach and case study methodology to gather this rich understanding of lecturers’ and students’ perceptions. Data were collected from twelve lecturers and twelve undergraduate students through a combination of lecture room observations, semi-structured interviews, and group interviews. The most significant finding emerging from this study is the lack of lecturer participants’ knowledge regarding metacognition generally. My study found that skills such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating skills were sometimes present in their teaching, but were not used to engage students in thinking metacognitively or developing their own metacognitive abilities. I found that metacognition was not present consistently or intentionally in lecture rooms. The findings further exposed some obstacles which could inhibit the promotion of metacognition in higher education in KSA. For example, traditional methods of rote learning were shown to discourage metacognitive thinking. Large student numbers and lecturers’ lack of time could prohibit lecturers from investing in teaching metacognitive skills to their students. Students’ apathy towards anything other than memorising facts to pass examinations and acquire grades could also demotivate them to learn valuable skills like metacognition without comprehensive changes to educational norms. The study identified multiple ways in which metacognition could be promoted in higher education in KSA. For example, diversifying teaching practices to include more active learning methods such as discussion and questioning would be more effective than the current prevalent method of lecturing and learning by memorising. Lecturers could role-model metacognitive skills to their students by incorporating metacognition into their own practice, and thus incorporate it into existing courses. Students could be motivated to develop metacognitive skills by discovering the benefits to them of metacognition on both their academic success and their future careers. The study’s findings supported the importance of including metacognition in higher education and advocating it to students as a valuable skill. Thus, there is a need to establish mechanisms or frameworks for integrating metacognition into higher education in KSA, and communities of practice which support the development of metacognitive skills among lecturers and student teachers who will be the teachers of tomorrow. I therefore offer a model with recommendations for practical uptake to expedite this, and support it with this study's evidence.
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Kim, Junyoung. "Mediating Relationships among Perceived Throwing Competence, Successful Practice Trials in Throwing, and Skill Improvement in Throwing in 1st Graders in Elementary School Physical Education." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1510763194026188.
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Castro, Andréia de Mello Buss de. "FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PEDAGOGOS NA MODALIDADE EaD: AMBIÊNCIA, COMPETÊNCIAS E PRÁTICAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7098.
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The proposed research will be justified by a study in the context of teacher and student in the distance modality, aiming to realize the impacts that may be reflected the quality of academic work and professional identity of educators in training context. Therefore, he stressed the need to investigate what students think of the 8th semester of Pedagogy from the University Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), within the Open University of Brazil (UBA)-mediated Virtual Learning Environment-Learning Free (MOODLE) about the training offered, not neglecting the institutional context and the way in which these students are found. Therefore, this project was to problem the following question: What skills and practices developed in distance education modality for the initial training of educators, considering the experience of UFSM UAB in the system? Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the skills and practices developed in the modality of training in distance education to students in final course, with reference to the preparation for future role as educators. The methodology relied on the principles of quantitative-qualitative research, working with quantitative data derived from surveys educational, but analyzed using qualitative bias. For collection and processing of data were used surveys collectively constructed and arranged in accordance with the Google Docs, being available for the subjects participating in the virtual learning environment Moodle. The theoretical study based the interpretation and discussion of results, highlighting the skills and pedagogical practices, guiding principles of research. We emphasize that the work provided a significant learning about distance education, specifically the Pedagogy Course EaD UFSM, from which we glimpse a process of teaching and learning that involves seeking to develop skills oportunizem that the constitution of the pedagogue mediator in the transformation of information into knowledge always taking into account the interactions, exchanges and interests of prospective students. We also see that view the development of educational practices, however not always been possible activities that allow the appropriation of this action. And yet, we identified the human-technological ambience set the course provides a good quality in initial teacher training, involving knowledge and own teaching, considering the important part of the training process and integrating theory and practice.A pesquisa proposta justificou-se por ser um estudo no âmbito da formação docente e discente na modalidade a distância, visando perceber os impactos que podem estar se refletindo na qualidade do trabalho acadêmico e na identidade profissional dos pedagogos nesse contexto formativo. Para tanto, ressaltou a necessidade de investigar o que pensam os estudantes do 8º semestre do curso de Pedagogia a distância da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), no âmbito da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UBA) mediado pelo Ambiente Virtual de Ensino-Aprendizagem Livre (MOODLE) a respeito da formação oferecida, não descuidando do contexto institucional e do curso em que estes alunos se encontram. Portanto, o presente projeto teve como problema a seguinte questão: Quais as competências e práticas desenvolvidas na modalidade EaD para a formação inicial dos pedagogos, considerando a experiência da UFSM no âmbito do sistema UAB? Dessa forma, a proposta da pesquisa foi investigar as competências e práticas desenvolvidas na modalidade em EaD para formação dos estudantes em final de curso, tendo como referência o preparo para a futura atuação como pedagogos. A metodologia empregada apoiou-se nos princípios da pesquisa quantiqualitativa, trabalhando com dados quantitativos oriundos de enquetes educativas, porém analisados por meio de viés qualitativo. Para a coleta e tratamento dos dados foram usadas enquetes construídas coletivamente e organizadas de acordo com a ferramenta Google Docs, sendo disponibilizadas para os sujeitos participantes no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle. O estudo teórico embasou a interpretação e discussão dos resultados, com destaque às competências e práticas pedagógicas, eixos norteadores da pesquisa. destacamos que o trabalho realizado possibilitou uma aprendizagem significativa acerca da Educação a Distância, especificamente do Curso de Pedagogia EaD da UFSM, a partir do qual vislumbramos um processo de ensino aprendizagem que envolve e procura desenvolver competências que oportunizem a constituição do pedagogo mediador na transformação da informação em saber sempre levando em conta as interações, trocas e interesses dos futuros alunos. Percebemos também, que consideram importante o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas, no entanto nem sempre foram possíveis atividades que permitissem a apropriação dessa ação. E ainda, identificamos que a ambiência humano-tecnológica configurada no curso proporciona uma boa qualidade na formação inicial docente, envolvendo saberes e fazeres próprios da docência, considerando-a parte importante do processo formativo e integrando teoria e prática.
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Faria, Josimerci Ittavo Lamana. ""Prática docente reflexiva na disciplina de Administração em Enfermagem Hospitalar: uma experiência de desenvolvimento profissional de professores-pesquisadores"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-07072004-102032/.
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Este estudo apresentou como meta contribuir para o ensino da disciplina de administração de enfermagem hospitalar, através de uma experiência de desenvolvimento profissional de professores-pesquisadores, em um processo crítico-reflexivo sobre a sua prática docente. A trajetória metodológica da pesquisa-ação, foi operacionalizada em duas etapas: na primeira, foram identificadas as situações dilemáticas acontecidas no estágio disciplinar, por intermédio da reflexão sobre a reflexão-na-ação feita por uma professora após a supervisão diária dos alunos; na segunda, foram efetuados os círculos de reflexão por todos os professores que ministraram a disciplina no período da coleta de dados, utilizando como ponto de partida as situações dilemáticas identificadas anteriormente. A análise temática dos dados coletados nos círculos de reflexão revelou que a reflexão realizada entre os pares possibilitou a objetivação dos saberes experienciais dos professores, assim como a construção de novos saberes pedagógicos. Os saberes docentes elaborados durante os círculos de reflexão foram utilizados para propor mudanças na referida disciplina.This study aims to contribute to the teaching of the subject Hospital Management Nursing, through an experience of professional empowerment of teachers-researchers, using a critical-reflexive approach to their teaching practices. The study followed the action-research methods, in two stages: first, the dilemma situations teachers faced in the disciplinary training of students, were identified through the reflection about the reflection-on-action process, used by a teacher after daily supervision of students; second, all the teachers responsible for the classes during the data collection period, participated of reflection circles, using as starting point, the dilemma situations previously identified. Thematic content analysis of data obtained on these reflection circles revealed that reflection done among pairs turned objective the experiential knowledge of the teachers, and also made possible the construction of new pedagogic knowledge. This teaching knowledge was used to propose a change on the subject of Hospital Management Nursing for a graduation course.
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Alves, Francisca Terezinha Oliveira. "Quando as professoras se encontram para estudar matem?tica: saberes em movimento." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14493.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-26This text results of a research in an Education Doctorate about teachers, professional background, formation, teaching knowledge and abilities. In this text, it s described the history of a study group in mathematics education composed by teachers who teach mathematics in the 2nd cycle of Ensino Fundamental (5th year of schooling), all belonging to the same school of the municipal public schools network. It presents the trajectory of the collaborative group, in all particularities, singularities, and the constant search to become collaborative. This trajectory was marked by the stories of it s participants in the ceaseless path to constitute teachers, by the sharing of knowledge, by the process of collaboration, by the thinking about the teaching practice, and by the personal and professional improvement of the teachers that form the group. The interpretative and qualitative research had as its investigation field the study group. The data supplied by the collect instruments indicate us that the collaboration between the teachers, the access to specific knowledge of mathematics area, the reflections about the teaching practice in a given context, are paths that lead to and make possible the re-elaboration of the teaching skills by teachers that teach mathematics to the first years
Este ? um texto resultante de uma pesquisa de Doutorado em Educa??o que fala de professoras, de constitui??o profissional, de forma??o, de fazeres e saberes docentes. Neste texto est? escrito o caminhar de um grupo de estudo em ensino de matem?tica composto por professoras que ensinam matem?tica no 2? ciclo do ensino fundamental (5? ano de escolaridade), todas pertencendo a uma mesma escola p?blica da rede municipal da cidade do Natal. Apresenta o percurso do grupo em todas as suas particularidades, singularidades e busca constante para se tornar colaborativo. Tal percurso foi marcado pelas hist?rias de suas participantes no incessante caminho para se constitu?rem professoras, pela partilha de aprendizagens, pelo processo de colabora??o, pela reflex?o da pr?tica docente, pelo crescimento pessoal e profissional das professoras que formavam o grupo. A pesquisa de abordagem interpretativa qualitativa teve como seu campo de investiga??o o grupo de estudo em toda a sua plenitude. Os dados fornecidos pelos instrumentos de coleta nos indicaram que a colabora??o entre as professoras, o acesso a conhecimentos espec?ficos da ?rea da matem?tica, a reflex?o sobre a pr?tica docente em um contexto situado, s?o caminhos que conduzem e possibilitam a reelabora??o dos saberes docentes por professoras que ensinam matem?tica nos anos iniciais
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Mora, Harder Maribel G. "English Reading/Language Arts Instruction in First-Grade Classrooms Serving English Language Learners: A Cross-Analysis of Instructional Practices and Student Engagement." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/242.
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This study was designed to provide information on the reading instructional practices of 36 first grade teachers in nine schools that serve predominantly Spanish-speaking and ELL students in a southeastern U.S. school district. The purpose of this investigation was to describe teaching practices employed during English language arts instruction and to examine their use in relation to instructional grouping strategies, teacher language use, and student engagement. Participating classrooms were observed three times throughout the 2006-07 school year. Data were collected via the Timed Observations of Student Engagement/Language (TO/SEL) classroom observation instrument (Foorman & Schatchneider, 2003). Paired sample t-tests, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA), and multiple regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationship among the following observed variables: allocation of reading instructional time, grouping strategies, teacher language use and student engagement. Several key findings emerged. Participating teachers spent a greater amount of time on meaning-focused reading instruction (i.e., writing, reading texts, reading comprehension) than on code-focused reading instruction (i.e., word work, spelling, reading fluency, phonemic awareness), both during all four observed grouping strategies and after controlling for individual student seat work. In addition, of five key collapsed instructional variables (word work/spelling, oral language, writing, reading texts, and reading comprehension), teachers spent most time on word work/spelling (19%) and writing (18%). Reading texts and reading comprehension instruction together comprised 26% of total instructional time. Whole class instruction was the grouping strategy of choice among teachers (65% of total observed time); in sharp contrast, teachers spent 11% of observed time engaged in small group instruction, despite research findings supporting the effectiveness of sound grouping instruction. In addition, as little as 1% of teachers' total instructional time was spent in oral language/discussion, and 6% of total instructional time was spent in vocabulary instruction. The results also demonstrated little variation in teacher language use. Thus, evidence of "codeswitching" was not significant. Student engagement was high- 91% of total time students were observed; and was highest during writing and word work/spelling instruction. More longitudinal research is warranted that further explores precisely documented teacher reading instructional practices in relation to student outcomes with culturally and linguistically diverse student populations. Implications for practice include teacher training and professional development on managing small group instruction, and incorporating additional oral language/discussion, vocabulary and meaningful tasks into daily classroom activities.
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Barros, Jessika Matos Paes. "Os caminhos do bom professor de jovens e adultos EJA." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2010. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/34.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-06We conducted this research with the aim of obtaining grants to questions about where and when the good teachers of Youth and Adults - EJA acquire their knowledge, develop their skills and professional practice, and how performance assessment can help improve education in this segment. The survey was conducted in CEJA - Study Center for Youths and Adults in Cuiabá / MT., with the participation of students and teachers at different stages of data collection. The Students contributed indicating the qualities of a good teacher and professional skills they should have. For teachers and evaluated, indicating helped develop such qualities as assessed by students through questionnaires and interviews. The theorical base was FREIRE (1997), SOARES (2004), CUNHA (1992), SCHÖN (2000), TARDIF (2002), PERRENOUD (2002), NÓVOA (1995), DIAS SOBRINHO (2003), AFONSO (2002), IMBERNÓN (2006) and LOWMAN (2004). These authors address topics on teaching knowledge,skills and professional evaluation of teaching performance, discuss the educational practice, promote interest in teaching investigative, reflective, politically, and dialogic, and indicate the assessment of teaching practice as one of the basic tools in sustaining the quality of teaching. The research involved a qualitative case study as works of ANDRE (2005) and YIN (2001). The interpretation of data were carried out using content analysis BARDIN (1977). With this study we could demonstrate when, where and how these teachers indicated as good teachers, with the qualities and skills displayed by the students learned to be good teachers of Youth and Adult-adult education- EJA.
Realizamos esta pesquisa com objetivo de obter subsídios aos questionamentos acerca de onde e quando os bons professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos EJA adquirem seus saberes, desenvolvem suas competências e prática profissionais, e como a avaliação de desempenho pode auxiliar a melhoria de ensino neste segmento. A pesquisa foi realizada no CEJA - Centro de Estudos de Jovens e Adultos em Cuiabá/MT, com a participação de alunos e professores em diferentes momentos da coleta dados. Os alunos contribuiram indicando as qualidades de um bom professor e as competências profissionais que devem possuir. Quanto aos professores bem avaliados, contribuíram indicando como desenvolveram tais qualidades apreciadas pelos alunos através de questionário e entrevistas. O referencial teórico básico foi FREIRE (1996), SOARES (2004), CUNHA (1992), SCHÖN (2000), TARDIF (2002), PERRENOUD (2002), NÓVOA (1995), DIAS SOBRINHO (2003), AFONSO (2002) IMBÉRNÓN ( 2006) e LOWMAN (2004). Estes autores abordam temas sobre saberes docentes, competências e avaliação de desempenho docente profissional, discutem a prática educativa, promovem o interesse pelo docente investigativo, reflexivo, político, e dialógico, bem como indicam a avaliação da prática docente como um dos instrumentos de base na sustentação da qualidade de ensino. A pesquisa envolveu um estudo de caso qualitativo conforme obras de ANDRE (2005) e YIN (2001). A interpretação dos dados foi realizada seguindo análise de conteúdo de BARDIN (1977). Com a realização deste estudo foi possível demonstrar quando, onde e como estes professores indicados como bons professores, com as qualidades e competências indicadas pelos alunos, aprenderam a ser bons professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA.