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Journal articles on the topic 'PR measurement'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kelly, Lauren E., Yashwant Sinha, Charlotte I. S. Barker, Joseph F. Standing, and Martin Offringa. "Useful pharmacodynamic endpoints in children: selection, measurement, and next steps." Pediatric Research 83, no. 6 (April 18, 2018): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2018.38.

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Abstract Pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints are essential for establishing the benefit-to-risk ratio for therapeutic interventions in children and neonates. This article discusses the selection of an appropriate measure of response, the PD endpoint, which is a critical methodological step in designing pediatric efficacy and safety studies. We provide an overview of existing guidance on the choice of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical research. We identified several considerations relevant to the selection and measurement of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical trials, including the use of biomarkers, modeling, compliance, scoring systems, and validated measurement tools. To be useful, PD endpoints in children need to be clinically relevant, responsive to both treatment and/or disease progression, reproducible, and reliable. In most pediatric disease areas, this requires significant validation efforts. We propose a minimal set of criteria for useful PD endpoint selection and measurement. We conclude that, given the current heterogeneity of pediatric PD endpoint definitions and measurements, both across and within defined disease areas, there is an acute need for internationally agreed, validated, and condition-specific pediatric PD endpoints that consider the needs of all stakeholders, including healthcare providers, policy makers, patients, and families.
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2

Schwaller, Mathew R., and K. Robert Morris. "A Ground Validation Network for the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1403.1.

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Abstract A prototype Validation Network (VN) is currently operating as part of the Ground Validation System for NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The VN supports precipitation retrieval algorithm development in the GPM prelaunch era. Postlaunch, the VN will be used to validate GPM spacecraft instrument measurements and retrieved precipitation data products. The period of record for the VN prototype starts on 8 August 2006 and runs to the present day. The VN database includes spacecraft data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and coincident ground radar (GR) data from operational meteorological networks in the United States, Australia, Korea, and the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Satellite and ground radar data products are collected whenever the PR satellite track crosses within 200 km of a VN ground radar, and these data are stored permanently in the VN database. VN products are generated from coincident PR and GR observations when a significant rain event occurs. The VN algorithm matches PR and GR radar data (including retrieved precipitation data in the case of the PR) by calculating averages of PR reflectivity (both raw and attenuation corrected) and rain rate, and GR reflectivity at the geometric intersection of the PR rays with the individual GR elevation sweeps. The algorithm thus averages the minimum PR and GR sample volumes needed to “matchup” the spatially coincident PR and GR data types. The result of this technique is a set of vertical profiles for a given rainfall event, with coincident PR and GR samples matched at specified heights throughout the profile. VN data can be used to validate satellite measurements and to track ground radar calibration over time. A comparison of matched TRMM PR and GR radar reflectivity factor data found a remarkably small difference between the PR and GR radar reflectivity factor averaged over this period of record in stratiform and convective rain cases when samples were taken from high in the atmosphere. A significant difference in PR and GR reflectivity was found in convective cases, particularly in convective samples from the lower part of the atmosphere. In this case, the mean difference between PR and corrected GR reflectivity was −1.88 dBZ. The PR–GR bias was found to increase with the amount of PR attenuation correction applied, with the PR–GR bias reaching −3.07 dBZ in cases where the attenuation correction applied is >6 dBZ. Additional analysis indicated that the version 6 TRMM PR retrieval algorithm underestimates rainfall in case of convective rain in the lower part of the atmosphere by 30%–40%.
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3

Rai, Radheshyam, Shweta Thakur, M. A. Valente, and Andrei L. Kholkin. "Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of Pr-, Tb- and Dy-doped (Bi0.95RE0.05)(Fe0.95Mn0.05)O3 ceramics synthesized by solid-state reaction method." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 03, no. 04 (October 2013): 1350033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x13500331.

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The multiferroic ( Bi 0.95 RE 0.05)( Fe 0.95 Mn 0.05) O 3 (where RE = Pr , Tb and Dy ) has been synthesized using solid-state reaction technique. Effects of Pr , Tb and Dy substitution on the structure, electrical and ferroelectric properties of ( Bi 0.95 RE 0.05)( Fe 0.95 Mn 0.05) O 3 samples have been studied by performing X-ray diffraction, dielectric measurements and magnetic measurements. The crystal structure of the ceramic samples have a monoclinic phase. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement shows a significant change in the magnetic properties of Pr -, Tb - and Dy -doped ( Bi 0.95 RE 0.05)( Fe 0.95 Mn 0.05) O 3. It is seen that coercive field (Hc) and remanent magnetization (Mr) increases for Pr but decreases for Dy and Tb .
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4

Passler, Müller, and Senner. "In-Ear Pulse Rate Measurement: A Valid Alternative to Heart Rate Derived from Electrocardiography?" Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173641.

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Heart rate measurement has become one of the most widely used methods of monitoring the intensity of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess whether in-ear photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse rate (PR) measurement devices represent a valid alternative to heart rate derived from electrocardiography (ECG), which is considered a gold standard. Twenty subjects (6 women, 14 men) completed one trial of graded cycling under laboratory conditions. In the trial, PR was recorded by two commercially available in-ear devices, the Dash Pro and the Cosinuss°One. They were compared to HR measured by a Bodyguard2 ECG. Validity of the in-ear PR measurement devices was tested by ANOVA, mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman plots. Both devices achieved a MAPE ≤5%. Despite excellent to good levels of agreement, Bland–Altman plots showed that both in-ear devices tend to slightly underestimate the ECG’s HR values. It may be concluded that in-ear PPG PR measurement is a promising technique that shows accurate but imprecise results under controlled conditions. However, PPG PR measurement in the ear is sensitive to motion artefacts. Thus, accuracy and precision of the measured PR depend highly on measurement site, stress situation, and exercise.
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5

Kobayashi, K., Y. Umemoto, and Y. Uchikawa. "3-D MCG Vector Measurement of the PR Segment." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 24, no. 4−2 (2000): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.24.939.

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6

Hu, Yu, Xing Wen Zhang, and Hong You. "Morphology Measurement on Phenolic-Resin/Vitreous-Silica-Fabric Ablation Composites Modified with Tetraethoxysilicate and Silsesquioxanes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1934.

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This study focused on phenolic-resin/vitreous-silica-fiber (PR/VSF) ablation composites modified with silsesquioxane (SSO) and tetraethoxysilicate (TEOS). Three nanohybrids based on TEOS-SiO2(T-SiO2), octamethyl-SSO (Me-SSO) and phenyl-SSO (Ph-SSO) were prepared and employed to modify the PR/VSF ablation materials, T-SiO2/PR/VSF, Me-SSO /PR/VSF and Ph-SSO /PR/VSF. At a high temperature, the modified PR/VSiF coatings were melted under heats and then generated pre-ceramic bodies, avoiding damages from the heats for the parts of the body inside. To compare ablation properties of the three modifiers, the correlation of the material structures and ablation properties were discussed with ablation tests and morphology measured by SEM. As a result, the linear and the mass ablation of the three composites are in the order of T-SiO2/PR/VSF > Me-SSO/PR/VSF > Ph-SSO/PR/VSF. Therefore, the properties of Ph-SSO show that it is suitable and more effective as a modifier for ablation materials. In the temprature of about 2000oC, the results of ablative coating basically reached the expected technical indix.
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7

Piol, N., C. Stadelmann Diaw, J. Urfer, D. Werner, and M. Roth-Kleiner. "Test of Three Point of Care Devices for Neonatal Glycaemia Measurement." Pediatric Research 70 (November 2011): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2011.937.

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8

Masunaga, Hirohiko, and Christian D. Kummerow. "Combined Radar and Radiometer Analysis of Precipitation Profiles for a Parametric Retrieval Algorithm." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1751.1.

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Abstract A methodology to analyze precipitation profiles using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) is proposed. Rainfall profiles are retrieved from PR measurements, defined as the best-fit solution selected from precalculated profiles by cloud-resolving models (CRMs), under explicitly defined assumptions of drop size distribution (DSD) and ice hydrometeor models. The PR path-integrated attenuation (PIA), where available, is further used to adjust DSD in a manner that is similar to the PR operational algorithm. Combined with the TMI-retrieved nonraining geophysical parameters, the three-dimensional structure of the geophysical parameters is obtained across the satellite-observed domains. Microwave brightness temperatures are then computed for a comparison with TMI observations to examine if the radar-retrieved rainfall is consistent in the radiometric measurement space. The inconsistency in microwave brightness temperatures is reduced by iterating the retrieval procedure with updated assumptions of the DSD and ice-density models. The proposed methodology is expected to refine the a priori rain profile database and error models for use by parametric passive microwave algorithms, aimed at the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, as well as a future TRMM algorithms.
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9

SANMARTÍ, RAIMON, SONIA CABRERA-VILLALBA, JOSÉ A. GÓMEZ-PUERTA, VIRGINIA RUIZ-ESQUIDE, M. VICTORIA HERNÁNDEZ, GEORGINA SALVADOR, JULIO RAMIREZ, ODETTE VIÑAS, and JUAN D. CAÑETE. "Palindromic Rheumatism with Positive Anticitrullinated Peptide/Protein Antibodies Is Not Synonymous with Rheumatoid Arthritis. A Longterm Followup Study." Journal of Rheumatology 39, no. 10 (August 1, 2012): 1929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120568.

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Objective.To analyze longterm progression to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the predictive value of anticitrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA) in palindromic rheumatism (PR).Methods.We selected all patients in our clinic with PR who had at least 1 ACPA measurement. We included only patients with pure PR, defined as no evidence of associated rheumatic disease at the first serum ACPA measurement. Clinical characteristics, serum ACPA levels, duration of PR until serum ACPA measurement, and total followup time were recorded. The outcome variable was the definitive diagnosis of RA. The prognostic value of ACPA status in pure PR for a definite diagnosis of RA was analyzed by different statistical methods.Results.Seventy-one patients (54 women/17 men) with a PR diagnosis were included. Serum ACPA were positive in 52.1%. After a mean followup of 7.6 ± 4.7 years since the first ACPA measurement, 24 patients (33.8%) progressed to chronic disease: 22% RA, 5.6% systemic lupus erythematosus, and 5.6% other diseases. The positive likelihood ratio of ACPA status for RA was 1.45, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of ACPA titers was 0.60 (95% CI 0.45−0.75). Progression to RA was more frequently seen in ACPA-positive than in ACPA-negative patients (29.7% vs 14.7%), but the difference was not significant (hazard ratio 2.46, 95% CI 0.77−7.86). Mean ACPA levels of patients with pure PR did not differ significantly from those of patients who progressed to RA.Conclusion.ACPA are frequently found in the sera of patients with PR, and a significant proportion of these patients do not progress to RA in the long term.
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10

Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel, Y. Hong, J. J. Gourley, S. Chen, Z. Flamig, J. Zhang, M. Schwaller, W. Petersen, and E. Amitai. "Toward a Framework for Systematic Error Modeling of Spaceborne Precipitation Radar with NOAA/NSSL Ground Radar–Based National Mosaic QPE." Journal of Hydrometeorology 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 1285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-11-0139.1.

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Abstract Characterization of the error associated with satellite rainfall estimates is a necessary component of deterministic and probabilistic frameworks involving spaceborne passive and active microwave measurements for applications ranging from water budget studies to forecasting natural hazards related to extreme rainfall events. The authors focus here on the error structure of NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) at ground. The problem is addressed by comparison of PR QPEs with reference values derived from ground-based measurements using NOAA/NSSL ground radar–based National Mosaic and QPE system (NMQ/Q2). A preliminary investigation of this subject has been carried out at the PR estimation scale (instantaneous and 5 km) using a 3-month data sample in the southern part of the United States. The primary contribution of this study is the presentation of the detailed steps required to derive a trustworthy reference rainfall dataset from Q2 at the PR pixel resolution. It relies on a bias correction and a radar quality index, both of which provide a basis to filter out the less trustworthy Q2 values. Several aspects of PR errors are revealed and quantified including sensitivity to the processing steps with the reference rainfall, comparisons of rainfall detectability and rainfall-rate distributions, spatial representativeness of error, and separation of systematic biases and random errors. The methodology and framework developed herein applies more generally to rainfall-rate estimates from other sensors on board low-earth-orbiting satellites such as microwave imagers and dual-wavelength radars such as with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission.
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11

Lee, Yung-Chun, and Shi Hoa Kuo. "Depth Measurement of Surface-Breaking Cracks Using Point-Source/Point-Receiver Acoustic Transducer." Journal of Mechanics 19, no. 4 (December 2003): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100003270.

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ABSTRACTA newly developed point-source/point-receiver (PS/PR) acoustic transducer is used for measuring the depth of surface-breaking cracks. The transducer consists of two miniature conical PZT elements which form a transmitter/receiver pair for generating and detecting surface waves. A tone-burst measurement system operates the PS/PR transducer at a fixed frequency. When a surface-breaking crack is present in between the transmitter and receiver, the change in time-of-flight of surface wave propagation caused by the crack is measured and used to estimate the crack depth. To verify the feasibility of this method, machined slots on a carbon steel sample are tested by the PS/PR transducer for crack depth determination. Good experimental results are obtained. Future applications and improvements on the PS/PR transducer system are addressed.
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12

Ryo, Eiji, Hideo Kamata, Michiharu Seto, Masayoshi Morita, Yohei Nagaya, Kyoko Nishihara, and Noboru Ohki. "Reference values for a fetal movement acceleration measurement recorder to count fetal movements." Pediatric Research 83, no. 5 (January 17, 2018): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2017.328.

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13

Scholl, T. J., R. A. Holt, D. Masterman, R. C. Rivest, S. D. Rosner, and A. Sharikova. "Measurement of radiative lifetimes in Pr II and Nd II." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-013.

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We have measured the radiative lifetimes of 33 levels of Pr II and 13 levels of Nd II using two variants of the beam-laser method. The levels studied had term energies up to ~30 000 cm–1 and lifetimes in the range 6–170 ns. Experimental accuracy was in the range 1–11%. We have used these lifetimes to update transition probabilities for 82 transitions in Pr II in the wavelength range 392–640 nm, which are useful for stellar abundance determinations. PACS Nos.: 32.70Cs, 95.30Ky
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14

ILIĆ. "A modification of Pr equation for Measurement of Tablet’s Compactibility." Scientia Pharmaceutica 78, no. 3 (2010): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.pms21.

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15

Kim, Ji-Hye, Mi-Lim Ou, Jun-Dong Park, Kenneth R. Morris, Mathew R. Schwaller, and David B. Wolff. "Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) Prototype in the Korean Peninsula." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 1902–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00193.1.

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Abstract Since 2009, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has participated in ground validation (GV) projects through international partnerships within the framework of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission. The goal of this work is to assess the reliability of ground-based measurements in the Korean Peninsula as a means for validating precipitation products retrieved from satellite microwave sensors, with an emphasis on East Asian precipitation. KMA has a well-developed operational weather service infrastructure composed of meteorological radars, a dense rain gauge network, and automated weather stations. Measurements from these systems, including data from four ground-based radars (GRs), were combined with satellite data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and used as a proxy for GPM GV over the Korean Peninsula. A time series of mean reflectivity differences (GR − PR) for stratiform-only and above-brightband-only data showed that the time-averaged difference fell between −2.0 and +1.0 dBZ for the four GRs used in this study. Site-specific adjustments for these relative mean biases were applied to GR reflectivities, and detailed statistical comparisons of reflectivity and rain rate between PR and bias-adjusted GR were carried out. In rain-rate comparisons, surface rain from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and the rain gauges were added and the results varied according to rain type. Bias correction has had a positive effect on GR rain rate comparing with PR and gauge rain rates. This study confirmed advance preparation for GPM GV system was optimized on the Korean Peninsula using the official framework.
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Rosendale, Ryan P., and Cynthia J. Bartok. "Air-displacement plethysmography for the measurement of body composition in children aged 6–48 months." Pediatric Research 71, no. 3 (January 18, 2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2011.42.

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17

Mickley, John P., Kevin D. Evans, Rachel L. Tatarski, and Carolyn M. Sommerich. "Pilot Application of Varied Equipment and Procedural Techniques to Determine Clinical Blood Pressure Measurements." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 34, no. 6 (September 21, 2018): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479318800303.

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High blood pressure, screened with a patient’s blood pressure (BP), is found in 1 out of 3 adults in the United States. A cohort of 39 participants had BP measured following the American Heart Association (AHA) protocol, utilizing three different measurement devices: manual sphygmomanometer (MA), automated Midmark IQ vitals (IQ), and an automated Omron home unit (OM). All subjects had BP measured with the IQ device while not adhering to the AHA protocol. Two protocols were denoted PR (protocol following AHA guidelines) or TY (lacking protocol). Results demonstrated a mean systolic BP with IQ-TY > OM-PR > IQ-PR > MA-PR, all (p≤0.01). The mean diastolic BP for IQ-TY > IQ-PR, OM-PR, and MA-PR, with IQ-TY significantly higher than the other 3 (p≤0.01). Comparing participants categorized in each hypertension stage, IQ-TY categorized 7participants as stage 1 hypertensive while OM-PR categorized 3, and both MA-PR and IQ-PR only categorized 1. Study results suggest a potential for possible misclassification of patients based on BP protocol.
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Peng, Yu Lien, Ru Lang Hsu, Dong Po Wang, and I. Min Jiang. "Photoreflectance of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Measured by Using Mercury Lamp as Pump Beam." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.365.

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Photoreflectance (PR) spectra of a GaN thin film and an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure were measured by using a HeCd laser or a mercury lamp as a pump beam. The wavelengths (λ) of the HeCd laser and the mercury lamp are 325 nm and 253.7 nm, respectively. The energy of the HeCd laser is lower than band-gap energy of AlxGa1-xN (x > 0.2), so electron-hole pairs cannot be generated in the AlGaN layer. Hence, the PR of the AlGaN was measured by using Argon ion laser (λ =300 nm) or quadrupled Nd:YAG (λ =266 nm) rather than HeCd laser in the previous works. In this work, the mercury lamp was used as the pump beam. Although the mercury lamp is a diffused source, it is not a hindrance to the PR measurements. The signal to noise ratio is improved by using defocused pump and probe beams in the PR measurement.
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Derin Cicek, Esin, and Halime Cevik. "Analysis of morphological parameters in pelvic radiography and hip MRI : a practical reporting recommendation." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 87, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52628/87.2.11.

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Although numerous criteria have been proposed to define abnormal hip morphology, mostly used in the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement, it is not a practical approach to measure all of these parameters in all cases without clinical suspicion. In this study, our aim was to develop an evaluating and reporting standardization for routine hip examinations to define both hip morphology and impingement. A total of 108 patients with routine hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and antero-posterior pelvic radiograph (PR) were included in this retrospective study. Alpha angle (AA), acetabular depth (AD), acetabular protrusion, acetabular anteversion, collo- diaphyseal angle (CDA), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and Tönnis angle (TA) were measured. The differences and associations between these parameters were evaluated according to imaging modality or plane, and sex. Although a significant difference has been found between the axial AA and the coronal AA mean values measured on MRI, there was also a strong correlation. Coronal measurements were significantly higher. AA values measured in PR and coronal MRI were comparable. Males had higher AA in both planes as compared to females. There were no significant differences between CDA values in MRI and PR. There was a significant difference and a moderate correlation between AD values in MRI and PR. We suggest that routine reports should include a measurement of AA in two planes, and measurement of CDA in PR or MRI. Due to the difference in AD between MRI and radiography, LCEA or TA may represent better alternatives. Checking for a negative Tönnis sign would represent a practical approach.
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20

Zannin, Emanuela, Maria Luisa Ventura, Raffaele L. Dellacà, Miria Natile, Paolo Tagliabue, Elizabeth J. Perkins, Magdy Sourial, Risha Bhatia, Peter A. Dargaville, and David G. Tingay. "Optimal mean airway pressure during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation determined by measurement of respiratory system reactance." Pediatric Research 75, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2013.251.

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Nakano, Masaru, Osamu Uemura, Masataka Honda, Tetsuya Ito, Yoko Nakajima, and Shinji Saitoh. "Development of tandem mass spectrometry-based creatinine measurement using dried blood spot for newborn mass screening." Pediatric Research 82, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2017.56.

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Mome Filho, Edison Aparecido, Alvaro Pires da Silva, Getulio Coutinho Figueiredo, Fernando Henrique Setti Gimenes, and André Cesar Vitti. "Compared performance of penetrometers and effect of soil water content on penetration resistance measurements." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 3 (June 2014): 744–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000300006.

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Modern agriculture techniques have a great impact on crops and soil quality, especially by the increased machinery traffic and weight. Several devices have been developed for determining soil properties in the field, aimed at managing compacted areas. Penetrometry is a widely used technique; however, there are several types of penetrometers, which have different action modes that can affect the soil resistance measurement. The objective of this study was to compare the functionality of two penetrometry methods (manual and automated mode) in the field identification of compacted, highly mechanized sugarcane areas, considering the influence of soil water volumetric content (θ) on soil penetration resistance (PR). Three sugarcane fields on a Rhodic Eutrudrox were chosen, under a sequence of harvest systems: one manual harvest (1ManH), one mechanized harvest (1MH) and three mechanized harvests (3MH). The different degrees of mechanization were associated to cumulative compaction processes. An electronic penetrometer was used on PR measurements, so that the rod was introduced into the soil by hand (Manual) and by an electromechanical motor (Auto). The θ was measured in the field with a soil moisture sensor. Results showed an effect of θ on PR measurements and that regression models must be used to correct data before comparing harvesting systems. The rod introduction modes resulted in different mean PR values, where the "Manual" overestimated PR compared to the "Auto" mode at low θ.
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Ainsyah, Rachmah Wahyu, and Muhammad Farid Lusno. "The Protective Factor of Diarrhea Incidence in Toddler in Surabaya." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 6, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v6i12018.51-59.

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Background: Basic health research in 2013 found that diarrhea incidence in toddler was the highest. The working area of a public health center in Wonokusumo Surabaya found that the diarrhea incidence in toddler increased from 62 cases in 2015 to 385 cases in 2016. Purpose: This study was aimed to analyze the protective factor of diarrhea. Methods: This study was analytic observational with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted from 18 January to 23 February 2013 in community group (RW) 2 in Wonokusumo region, Surabaya city. The population of this study consisted of 210 mothers who had toddlers. There were 67 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaire and observation and analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Results: These variables had significant influence on diarrhea incidence simultaneously, namely protected water resource utilization (PR = 0,10; 95% CI = 0,02 < PR < 0,64), healthy latrine utilization (PR = 0,06; 95% CI = 0,01 < PR < 0,50), washing hand habit (PR = 0,10; 95% CI = 0,01 < PR < 0,72), and monthly body weight measurement participation (PR = 0,04; 95% CI = 0,01 < PR < 0,29). The other variables such as mother’s employment, wage according to city minimum wage, and breastfeeding history. Conclusion: The protective factors of this study were the utilization of protective water resource, good latrine utilization, washing hand habit, and body weight measurement participation.
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Welch-Huston, Brittany, Sian Durward-Akhurst, Elaine Norton, Lacey Ellingson, Aaron Rendahl, and Molly McCue. "Comparison between smartphone electrocardiography and standard three-lead base apex electrocardiography in healthy horses." Veterinary Record 187, no. 9 (May 15, 2020): e70-e70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105759.

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BackgroundCardiac arrhythmias are commonly auscultated during routine physical examinations in horses and determining the underlying electrical abnormality using an ECG is important. The most commonly used device is a three-lead base apex system (Televet), however few practitioners carry this for routine visits. With recognition of the utility of smartphone-based ECGs in humans, dogs and ruminants, the AliveCor single-lead bipolar smartphone-based ECG has gained popularity. The objective of this study was to determine if AliveCor and Televet ECG measurements were comparable in healthy horses using multiple observers.MethodsECGs were performed on 15 healthy horses simultaneously using the AliveCor and Televet.ResultsThere was very good to perfect interdevice and interobserver agreement for heart rate and RR interval measurement, and moderate-to-good interdevice and interobserver agreement for detection of non-pathological arrhythmias. Interdevice agreement for measurement of P-wave and QRS duration, QT, PR and T-peak to T-end interval was poor to fair. Interestingly, interobserver agreement for P-wave and QRS duration, QT, PR, and T-peak to T-end interval measurements was fair to good.ConclusionOverall, the AliveCor is comparable to the Televet for heart rate and RR measurement, and for the detection of non-pathogenic arrhythmias with acceptable agreement between observers.
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Wen, Yixin, Qing Cao, Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstetter, Yang Hong, Jonathan J. Gourley, Jian Zhang, Guifu Zhang, and Bin Yong. "Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Radar Data into NOAA National Mosaic QPE System for Improved Precipitation Measurement: A Physically Based VPR Identification and Enhancement Method." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 1293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0106.1.

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Abstract This study proposes an approach that identifies and corrects for the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) by using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) measurements in the region of Arizona and southern California, where the ground-based Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) finds difficulties in making reliable estimations of surface precipitation amounts because of complex terrain and limited radar coverage. A VPR identification and enhancement (VPR-IE) method based on the modeling of the vertical variations of the equivalent reflectivity factor using a physically based parameterization is employed to obtain a representative VPR at S band from the TRMM PR measurement at Ku band. Then the representative VPR is convolved with ground radar beam sampling properties to compute apparent VPRs for enhancing NEXRAD quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). The VPR-IE methodology is evaluated with several stratiform precipitation events during the cold season and is compared to two other statistically based correction methods, that is, the TRMM PR–based rainfall calibration and a range ring–based adjustment scheme. The results show that the VPR-IE has the best overall performance and provides much more accurate surface rainfall estimates than the original ground-based radar QPE. The potential of the VPR-IE method could be further exploited and better utilized when the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission's dual-frequency PR is launched in 2014, with anticipated accuracy improvements and expanded latitude coverage.
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Reisinger, Kostan W., Joep P. M. Derikx, Geertje Thuijls, David C. van der Zee, Hens A. A. Brouwers, Annemarie A. van Bijnen, Tim G. A. M. Wolfs, L. W. Ernest van Heurn, Wim A. Buurman, and Boris W. Kramer. "Noninvasive measurement of intestinal epithelial damage at time of refeeding can predict clinical outcome after necrotizing enterocolitis." Pediatric Research 73, no. 2 (November 15, 2012): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2012.160.

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Ivanovic, Daniza M., Camila V. Ibaceta, Paulina B. Correa, Yasna Z. Orellana, Patricio M. Calderón, Gladys I. Morales, Bárbara D. Leyton, Atilio F. Almagià, Pablo A. Lizana, and Raquel A. Burrows. "Brain development and scholastic achievement in the Education Quality Measurement System tests in Chilean school-aged children." Pediatric Research 75, no. 3 (December 9, 2013): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2013.232.

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28

Rizal, Aminuddin. "Study: Pengukuran Saturasi Oksigen dengan Konsumer Grade RGB Kamera." Ultima Computing : Jurnal Sistem Komputer 11, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/sk.v11i1.1038.

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Advancement on camera technology, image processing, and signal processing algorithm is widening the usage of camera into biomedical measurement. Mostly are used for pulse rate (PR) measurement to monitor human’s heart condition. In this paper, we studied the prospect of a consumer grade RGB camera as replacement for contact-based pulse oximeter (measure pulse rate and blood saturation oxygen). However, in this study we more focus on blood saturation oxygen measurement which needs more complex principle and calculation compared to PR measurement. We use both time and frequency domain calculation to know whether one or both of them have better achievement. The results reveal the summary performance from the usage of a consumer-grade RGB camera in saturation oxygen measurement.
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Abdelhamid, A., N. Ratnavel, and A. Sinha. "Accuracy of Main-Stream End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Measurement during the Road Transport of Mechanically-Ventilated Preterm Infants." Pediatric Research 70 (November 2011): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2011.824.

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30

De Jesus Rojas, Wilfredo, Evangelia Morou-Bermudez, Valerie Wojna, Simon Carlo, and Ricardo Mosquera. "77680 Nasal Nitric Oxide Levels as a Diagnostic Tool for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Puerto Rico." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.667.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: The implementation of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) as a diagnostic tool to understand the phenotypic/genotypic profiles of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) in Puerto Rico (PR) will be translated in early disease diagnosis, avoidance of comorbidities, and increase survival in our population. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This study aims to evaluate the role of nNO levels in PCD diagnosis in the Puerto Rican population. Also, we aim to describe the clinical, genetic, and physiological characteristics of PCD in Puerto Ricans to develop a better understanding of the disease. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We plan to conduct a cross-sectional study on participants recruited from patients of the Pediatric Rare Lung and Asthma Institute in PR. We will compare nNO levels among genetically confirmed PCD patients, suspected PCD patients with variant of unknown significance (VUS) mutations, suspected PCD patients without genetic mutations, and age-matched healthy subjects. We plan to analyze clinical data and genetic variants to understand the natural history of the disease. The nNO measurements will be completed following previous published protocols. We will also assess the accuracy of the nNO measurements by repeating the measurements two weeks after the initial measurement. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that many of the VUS present in our population may represent potential new founder mutations not previously reported in the literature. Our expectation is to identify new atypical PCD phenotypes contemplating the heterogenous genetic Puerto Rican pool. We anticipate that nNO levels will help to screen, identify, and confirm diagnosis of patients with clinical PCD in PR. Our findings will be translated in avoidance of further comorbidities and mortality due to earlier disease PCD diagnosis and will expand our genetic understanding about PCD in PR and other diverse populations with heterogenous genetic admixture. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: We present a significant and novel research proposal that plan to impact the quality of life of patients living with PCD in PR. The implementation of state-of-the-art diagnostic tools like nNO measurement will positively impact and expand our current capabilities to diagnose rare lung diseases like PCD on the island.
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Zhu, Yong Jian, Jing Xin Na, Jian Feng Sun, and Shao Hui Yin. "Surface Measurement Methods Based on Single and Multi-Frequency Fringes and its Applications in Reverse Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.460.

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The 3D surface measurement methods are described based on the single and multi-frame fringe projection principles, respectively. The key algorithm  phase reconstructing (PR) is conducted by means of two different concepts; one is the single-frequency spatial phase reconstructing method and the other is the multi-frequency temporal one. On the side of spatial PR, a few typical methods are carried out, among which the most robust one could be achieved. The described spatial methods are implemented under the guide of the suggested modulation gradient variance (MGV) map. Moreover, the network programming (NP) method is also conducted to compare with them. The tested results show that the weighted least square (WLS) is the most robust one among the spatial PR methods. At the same time, the temporal PR method is introduced based on the multi-frequency fringes, and the result proves that it features the better noise immunity and robustness than spatial ones, but needs many different frequencies of fringes that would be more time-consuming. Lastly, the surfaces are reconstructed in reverse engineering (RE) software.
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Santamore, W. P., T. Shaffer, and L. Papa. "Theoretical model of ventricular interdependence: pericardial effects." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): H181—H189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.1.h181.

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One ventricle can influence the filling characteristics of the opposite ventricle directly through the myocardium and indirectly through the pericardium. Based on definitions of compliances and volumes, we developed a theoretical analysis that indicated that the magnitude of interdependence was related to the relative compliances of the left and right ventricular free walls, septum, and pericardium. This analysis was verified in postmortem canine hearts. Balloons were inserted into each ventricle, and left ventricle pressure (delta Pl) and volume (delta Vl) changes caused by increasing right ventricular pressure (delta Pr) and volume (delta Vr) or pericardial pressure (delta Pp) were recorded. For delta Pl/delta Pr, delta Pl/delta Pp, delta Pl/delta Vr, delta Vl/delta Pr, delta Vl/delta Pp, and delta Vl/delta Vr measurements, the standard error of estimates was small and the predicted and measured values were significantly related (P less than 0.05); the values were 0.88 +/- 0.16, 0.87 +/- 0.17, 0.93 +/- 0.05, 0.95 +/- 0.09, 0.96 +/- 0.05, and 0.96 +/- 0.04, respectively. These coupling coefficients (delta Pl/delta Pr, delta Pl/delta Pp, etc.) a direct measurement of interdependence, indicated that pericardial-to-ventricular coupling is greater than ventricular-ventricular coupling (delta Pl/delta Pp greater than delta Pl/delta Pr, 0.91 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.01; delta Vl/delta Pp greater than delta Vl/delta Pr, -1.04 +/- 0.35 vs. -0.19 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.05). This study, by developing a theoretical analysis and by direct measurements, provides a better understanding of ventricular interdependence and may help to predict effects of cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis on ventricular interdependence.
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Sun, Yu, and Yuguo Sun. "Strong Effect of Process Parameters on the Properties of Boron-Containing Phenolic Resins with High Char Yield." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041408.

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This work is focused on the optimization of critical process parameters for preparation of boron-containing phenolic resin (B-containing PR), including the molar ratios of formaldehyde/phenol and potassium borate/phenol, reaction time; and measurement of surface tension of B-containing PR solution and wettability between B-containing PR solution and carbon fibers. The effects of the formaldehyde/phenol and potassium borate/phenol molar ratios on the char yield of the B-containing PR was studied. The highest char yield of B-containing PR could be as high as 71% under optimal conditions (molar ratios of formaldehyde/phenol = 1.8 and potassium borate/phenol = 0.2, and reaction time = 13 h). The effect of concentration and tested temperature on the surface tension of B-containing PR solution was investigated, and the wettability between B-containing PR solution and carbon fibers was evaluated for the first time, providing useful theory and experimental data for the preparation of B-containing PR-based composites.
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34

Yun, Da-A., Su-Jung Park, Seok-Ryun Lee, and Kyung-San Min. "Tooth discoloration induced by calcium-silicate-based pulp-capping materials." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 02 (April 2015): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.156789.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth discoloration induced by contact with various calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials in the presence or absence of blood in vitro. Materials and Methods: Eighty bovine samples were divided into six experimental groups and two control groups according to the type of material used (ProRoot [PR], Endocem [EC], or EndocemZr [ECZ]) and the presence or absence of contamination with blood. A spectrophotometer was used to calculate the color difference (ΔE) between the baseline measurement (after placement of materials) and measurements taken 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The results were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance, Tukey's post-hoc tests and independent t-tests (P = 0.05). Results: The PR group and EC group showed significantly higher mean values of ΔE than the negative control group after 2 weeks (P < 0.05), whereas ECZ did not. There were larger ΔE values when there was contact with blood, especially in PR and EC group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: ECZ which contains zirconium oxide as a radiopacifier showed less discoloration irrespective of blood contamination compared to PR and EC.
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35

Hentschel, M. "Is absolute noninvasive temperature measurement by the Pr[MOE-DO3A] complex feasible." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Biology, Physics, and Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 2000): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-8661(99)00075-7.

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36

Cao, S. Q., M. G. Su, Q. Min, D. X. Sun, and C. Z. Dong. "Measurement and analysis of EUV emission spectrum from laser produced Pr plasma." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 875, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 022052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/875/3/022052.

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37

Hentschel, M., M. Findeisen, W. Schmidt, T. Frenzel, W. Wlodarczyk, P. Wust, and R. Felix. "Is absolute noninvasive temperature measurement by the Pr[MOE-DO3A] complex feasible." Magma: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology, and Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 2000): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02613112.

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38

Oosterkamp, Barbara C. M., Wicher J. van der Meer, Majelle Rutenfrans, and Pieter U. Dijkstra. "Reliability of Linear Measurements on a Virtual Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Model." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 43, no. 5 (September 2006): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-078.

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Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of measurements performed on three-dimensional virtual models of neonatal bilateral cleft lip and palate patients, compared with measurements performed on plaster cast models. Materials and Methods: Ten high-quality plaster cast models of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients were scanned with an LDI-scanner to obtain a three-dimensional virtual model. Linear measurements were performed on the plaster cast models using a digital caliper and also on the three-dimensional virtual model using Viscam RP version 2.1 software. The measurements were performed by two observers on two occasions. Results: Intraclass correlations ranging from .81 to .96 were found for all measurements except the measurement between the constructed reference point pr and reference point i (intraclass correlation = .40). A post hoc procedure in which top-view screen prints of the three-dimensional virtual model were used to perform the measurement between reference points pr and i demonstrated an intraclass coefficient of .90. Conclusions: Three-dimensional virtual models obtained by laser scanning neonatal cast models of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients can be used reliably and validly to perform linear measurements between existing reference points on the surface of the model using Viscam RP version 2.1 software. Measurements between reference points constructed outside the surface of the model cannot be validly performed on the three-dimensional virtual model with the software used in this study. For these measurements, top-view screen prints of the three-dimensional virtual model can be used.
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39

Kruse, V., C. Van de Wiele, M. Borms, A. Maes, H. Pottel, M. Sathekge, and V. Cocquyt. "CA 15.3 measurements for separating FDG PET/CT positive from negative findings in breast carcinoma recurrence." Nuklearmedizin 53, no. 04 (2014): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0634-13-12.

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SummaryIn breast cancer CA 15.3 is considered the tumour marker of choice. CA 15.3 is directly related to the disease extent and to hormone status (estrogen receptor ER+/ ER-, progesterone receptor PR+/PR-). This study was designed to assess the impact of disease extent, hormone receptor and HER2-status, and circulating blood volume on the area-under the ROC-curve of CA 15.3 to separate FDG PET positive from negative findings. Patients, methods: We retrospectively evaluated 379 FDG PET/CT examinations performed in 80 patients with breast cancer. Blood volumes were derived using the formulas by Nadler and multiplied by their corresponding CA 15.3 measurement. Results: ROC-curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.695 (p = 0.0001) for CA 15.3 to separate FDG PET positive from negative findings. AUC measurements to separate normal scan find-ings from loco-regional disease and meta- static disease were 0.527 (p = 0.587) and 0.732 (p = 0.0001), respectively. AUC measurements for CA 15.3 to separate positive from negative FDG PET findings, in ER+ and ER- patients, were respectively 0.772 (p = 0.0001) and 0.596 (p = 0.143). AUC measurements for CA 15.3 to separate positive from negative FDG PET findings, in PR+ and PR- patients, were respectively 0.675 (p = 0.0001) and 0.694 (p = 0.0001). In HER2-positive and -negative patients, the AUC measurements were respectively 0.594 (p = 0.178) and 0.701 (p = 0.0001) to separate positive from negative FDG PET findings. Conclusion: The AUC for CA 15.3 measurements to separate FDG PET positive from negative findings in breast cancer patients with suspected recurrence proved to be directly related to the extent of the recurrent disease and hormone receptor status and inversely related to HER2-status. Correcting CA 15.3 measurements for blood volumes did not impact the AUC.
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40

Miczi, Márió, Ádám Diós, Beáta Bozóki, József Tőzsér, and János András Mótyán. "Development of a Bio-Layer Interferometry-Based Protease Assay Using HIV-1 Protease as a Model." Viruses 13, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061183.

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Proteolytic enzymes have great significance in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry and are applied in multiple fields of life sciences. Therefore, cost-efficient, reliable and sensitive real-time monitoring methods are highly desirable to measure protease activity. In this paper, we describe the development of a new experimental approach for investigation of proteolytic enzymes. The method was designed by the combination of recombinant fusion protein substrates and bio-layer interferometry (BLI). The protease (PR) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was applied as model enzyme to set up and test the method. The principle of the assay is that the recombinant protein substrates immobilized to the surface of biosensor are specifically cleaved by the PR, and the substrate processing can be followed by measuring change in the layer thickness by optical measurement. We successfully used this method to detect the HIV-1 PR activity in real time, and the initial rate of the signal decrease was found to be proportional to the enzyme activity. Substrates representing wild-type and modified cleavage sites were designed to study HIV-1 PR’s specificity, and the BLI-based measurements showed differential cleavage efficiency of the substrates, which was proven by enzyme kinetic measurements. We applied this BLI-based assay to experimentally confirm the existence of extended binding sites at the surface of HIV-1 PR. We found the measurements may be performed using lysates of cells expressing the fusion protein, without primary purification of the substrate. The designed BLI-based protease assay is high-throughput-compatible and enables real-time and small-volume measurements, thus providing a new and versatile approach to study proteolytic enzymes.
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41

Kiang, D. T., and R. Kollander. "Breast cancers negative for estrogen receptor but positive for progesterone receptor, a true entity?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, no. 4 (April 1987): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1987.5.4.662.

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By the conventional steroid-binding assay method for receptor, 3% of 1,095 primary breast cancers (or 10.6% of 263 premenopausal tumors) were classified as negative for estrogen receptor (ER), but positive for progesterone receptor (PR). The true ER status in this rare group of tumors was further investigated by the enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) or immunocytochemical (ICA) staining method using monoclonal antibodies H222 and D547. Immunoreactive ER was present in nine ER-/PR+ tumors studied, whereas it was not detectable in nine age-matched ER-/PR- tumors. Immunoreactive ER was also present in 24 ER+ breast cancers studied, and was particularly higher in tumors that were PR+. Measurement of immunoreactive ER by monoclonal antibody method provides certain advantages over the conventional dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method, especially in ER-/PR+ tumors.
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42

Denkert, Carsten, Theresa Link, Paul Jank, Marianne Just, Claus Hanusch, Frank Brasch, Marion van Mackelenbergh, et al. "Comparison of an automated cartridge-based system for mRNA assessment with central immunohistochemistry in the neoadjuvant GeparX trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 3075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3075.

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3075 Background: Hormone receptors, HER2 and Ki-67 are prognostic values typically determined for breast cancer (BC) outcome and prediction of therapy response. A RT-qPCR based system, the Xpert Breast Cancer STRAT4, can be used to classify BC tissues regarding their hormone receptor status, HER2 and proliferation via Ki-67. We compared mRNA expression analysis of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 by this automated in-vitro diagnostic platform (GeneXpert) (GX) with central immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a large clinical trial cohort. Methods: BC patients from the prospective GBG neoadjuvant trial GeparX (NCT02682693) (still recruiting) were included in this biomarker project. We used formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) pretherapeutical core biopsies with a tumor content > 10%. One 4 µm FFPE tissue section was first processed with the Xpert FFPE Lysis Kit, the sample lysate was placed in the STRAT4 cartridge system and then tested on the GX system in which the purification, amplification and real-time detection took place within two hours automatically. Results: A total of 503 (99%) of the 509 samples had a valid measurement of all four genes. 258 samples (51.3%) of the cohort were classified in central pathology as ER positive, 196 (39%) as PR positive and 78 (15.5%) as HER2-positive, and 421 samples (83.7%) were Ki-67-high ( > 20%). The simple kappa coefficient was for ER = 0.7938, PR = 0.6540, HER2 = 0.8172 and Ki-67 = 0.3655. This indicates, that the measurements for ER, PR and HER2 showed a high correlation between both methods, whereas the measurement of Ki-67 does not. The accuracy between the STRAT4 and IHC was 89.7% for ER, 83.3% for PR, 94.6% for HER2 and 86.7% for Ki-67. According to molecular subgroups, highest accuracy regarding Ki-67, was determined in TNBC (96.2%; luminal: 81.1%; HER2-positive: 76.9%). Conclusions: Our results show a high concordance between standardized central IHC and automated mRNA expression analysis for the most important BC biomarkers ER, PR and HER2. For the proliferation marker Ki-67, the concordance is slightly lower. The STRAT4 assay might offer additional option to conventional methods for BC biomarker assessment, in particular in settings where IHC is not feasible. To determine the clinical validity, additional outcome analyses are necessary. Clinical trial information: NCT02682693.
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43

Lozykowski, H. J., W. M. Jadwisienczak, and I. Brown. "Photoluminescence and Cathodoluminescence of GaN doped with Pr." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 5, S1 (2000): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300005123.

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In this paper we have reported the observation of visible photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) of Pr implanted in GaN. The implanted samples were given isochronal thermal annealing treatments at a temperature of 11000 C in NH3, N2, Ar2, and in forming gas N2 +H2, at atmospheric pressure to recover implantation damages and activate the rare earth ions. The sharp characteristic emission lines corresponding to Pr3+ intra-4fn-shell transitions are resolved in the spectral range from 350 nm to 1150 nm, and observed over the temperature range of 12 K-335 K. The PL and CL decay kinetics measurement was performed for 3P1, 3P0 and 1D2 levels.
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44

Lee, Yung-Chun, and Shi Hoa Kuo. "Measurement of Acoustoelastic Effect of Surface Wave with an Improved Acoustic Transducer." Journal of Mechanics 19, no. 4 (December 2003): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100003269.

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ABSTRACTA new acoustic transducer and measurement method have been developed for precise measurements of surface wave velocity. This technique is used to investigate the acoustoelastic effect of surface waves in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The transducer utilizes two miniature conical PZT elements for surface wave transmitter and receiver, and hence can be viewed as a point-source/point-receiver (PS/PR) surface wave transducer. Surface waves are excited and detected with the PZT elements and the surface wave velocity can be accurately determined over a small measurement area. Improvement has been made so that the transducer can be used for both conductive and non-conductive materials. The transducer is then applied to measure the acoustoelastic effect of surface wave in a PMMA specimen. The acoustoelastic coefficients are experimental determined.
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45

Huskins, W. Charles, Clare D. Sullivan, Janey Wang, Mary Aitken, Steven R. Alexander, Leon G. Epstein, Alejandro Hoberman, et al. "Tracking the impact of the National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Awards on child health research: developing and evaluating a measurement strategy." Pediatric Research 71, no. 5 (February 1, 2012): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2012.5.

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46

de Moura Jr, Pedro Jácome, and Carlo Gabriel Porto Bellini. "The measurement of flow and social flow at work: a 30-year systematic review of the literature." Personnel Review 49, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 537–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-07-2018-0240.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review three decades of the literature on flow measurement and propose issues to advance research on the measurement of social flow at work. Design/methodology/approach In a systematic literature review, the authors analyzed 143 articles published in the first three decades (1983–2013) of scholarly publications on flow measurement, of which 84 articles used scales to measure flow and 16 articles used scales to measure flow at work. Findings The main findings are: flow is frequently measured in association with other constructs or by means of proxies; flow measurement is highly dependent on a study’s purposes and context; flow is mostly studied at the level of the individual and, when studied beyond the individual, the measurement of flow in groups is simplified as an aggregation of individual-level measures; and social flow at work is an underresearched construct that nevertheless impacts organizations in important ways, thus deserving a specific research agenda. Research limitations/implications The first limitation refers to the databases included in the review. There is always the possibility that important works were ignored. Another limitation is that the coding procedure was highly dependent on the authors’ discretion, as it did not include independent coding and formal assessment of agreement among coders. But the greatest limitation may refer to our very perspectives on flow, flow measurement and social flow at work, as they are highly attached to current models instead of seeing the issues with different lenses. This limitation is also present in the literature. Practical implications Reviewing three decades of scholarly publications on how flow has been measured contributes to organizations in their planning for person-job fit. The measurement of flow can reveal if and when flow correlates with personal characteristics and organizational events, thus serving to inform initiatives on personnel development, acculturation and job design. However, considering that flow as a social phenomenon has been conceived in superficial terms, that a vast number of empirical studies were developed with non-professional subjects, and that flow measurement involves significant adaptations to each situation, organizations are thus advised to be careful in adopting extant instruments. Originality/value This study provides a rich account on how flow measurement has been addressed in the scholarly literature, and it calls attention to research opportunities on social flow at work.
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Huse, V. R., V. D. Mote, Y. Purushotham, and B. N. Dole. "Synthesis and characterization of Pr substituted Gd-123 high-Tc superconductors." Cerâmica 58, no. 347 (September 2012): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132012000300016.

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High Tc superconducting materials with chemical formula Gd1-xPr xBa2Cu3O7-δ, where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 were prepared by ceramic route. XRD studies confirm the orthorhombic pervoskite structure. Electrical resistivity measurement shows that Tc decreases with increasing Pr concentration. Copper valency and oxygen content decreasing with increasing Pr content. Value of n(CuO2) decreases with increasing x and oxygen deficiency (δ) has a linear dependence with (2x+δ). SQUID investigation reveals that Bohr magneton number and Curie constant are decreasing with increasing Pr concentration. Annihilation of superconductivity may be owing to reduction in CuO2 charge carriers or magnetic pair breaking.
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48

Letshwiti, J. B., J. Sirc, R. O'Kelly, and J. Miletin. "Serial N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Measurement as a Predictor of Clinically Significant Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants Beyond the First Week of Life." Pediatric Research 70 (November 2011): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2011.892.

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49

Nakahara, Y., H. Iimura, S. Ichikawa, K. Kotani, M. Wakasugi, and T. Horiguchi. "Measurement of hyperfine structure in Pr II by collinear laser-ion-beam spectroscopy." Hyperfine Interactions 74, no. 1-4 (October 1992): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02398641.

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50

Chae, Byung Joo, Ja Seong Bae, Hyeon Woo Yim, Ahwon Lee, Byung Joo Song, Hae Myung Jeon, Myung Hoon Chun, and Sang Seol Jung. "Measurement of ER and PR status in breast cancer using the QuantiGene2.0 assay." Pathology 43, no. 3 (April 2011): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pat.0b013e328344e2c4.

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