Journal articles: 'PR controller'

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Salimin, S., M. Armstrong, S. A. Jumaat, and R. Hamdan. "Comparison between PI, PR+HC, and modified PR+HC current controller in inverter system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1167-1174.

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This paper presents the comparison between proportional integral (PI) current controller, proportional resonance and harmonic compensator (PR+HC) current controller and modified PR+HC current controller in the inverter system. Power electronic components like inverter and current controller uses in the system produce unwanted harmonics that affect the quality of distribution power network. In this study, development and simulation of current controller using conventional proportional integral (PI), the selective harmonic compensation scheme (PR+HC), and modified version of the latter are considered so to overcome these harmonics injection. Modification is by adding control parameter randomisation technique to the PR+HC scheme. Results compare the three controllers and proved that with modification to the selective harmonic compensation scheme, the overall current THD can be reduced

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Pasha, SK Abdul, and N. Prema Kumar. "Model Predictive Controller based Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Voltage Regulation Studies in 33- Bus Closed Loop Distribution System." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401073.

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Recent developments in FACTS have produced U.P.Q.C to mitigate sag and attenuate THD. U.P.Q.C has been urbanized as a FACTS controller between feeding end & far end of distribution system .The U-P-Q-C is capable of improving the voltage profile & reducing THD of distribution system by regulating the voltage using PR (Proportional-Resonant-Controller) and MPC (Model-Predictive) controller. This work proposes U-P-Q-C for Thirty Three Bus Systems .The objective of this work is to enhance-voltage-profile of T-T-B-S. The T-T-B-S in open loop & closed loop-TTBS- U-P-Q-C using PR and MPC-controllers are-modeled,pretend & their consequences are represented. Responses are estimated as a time of settle and error in steady state. The outcomes indicate that MP Controlled T-T-B-S system has better response than PR controlled T-T-B-S system.

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Kumar, B. Jagadish, and Basavaraja Banakara. "Current mode proportional resonant controlled multi input–SEPIC-re-boost-system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp682-689.

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The intention of this paper is to identify a suitable controller for closed loop multi converter system for multiple input sources and to improve time response of high-gain-step up-converter. Closed-loop Multi Converter System (MCS) is utilized to regulate load-voltage. This effort recommends suitable-controller for closed-two loop-controlled-SEPIC-REBOOST Converter fed DC motor. The estimation of the yield in open-two loop and closed- two-loop-circuit has been done using MATLAB or Simulink. Closed-two loop-control of Multi Converter System with Propotional+Integral (PI)- Propotional+Integral (PI) and Proportional+Resonant (PR) - Proportional+Resonant (PR) Controllers are investigated and their responses are evaluated in conditions of rise time, peak time, settling time and steady state error. It is seen that current-mode PR-PR controlled MCS gives better time domain response in terms of motor speed. A Prototype of MCS has been fabricated in the laboratory and the experimental-results are authenticated with the simulation-results.

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Ghanayem, Haneen, Mohammad Alathamneh, and R. M. Nelms. "Decoupled Speed and Flux Control of Three-Phase PMSM Based on the Proportional-Resonant Control Method." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031053.

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Field-oriented control (FOC) has achieved great success in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control. For the PMSM drive, FOC allows the motor torque and flux to be controlled separately, which means the torque and flux are decoupled from each other. Since the torque control is achieved by the speed controller, it can be considered that the speed and the flux of the PMSM are also decoupled from each other and can be controlled separately. In this paper, we propose a PMSM vector control using decoupled speed and flux controllers based on the proportional-resonant (PR) control method. A flux controller is proposed to control the flux of the PMSM and generate the d-axis reference current, whereas the speed regulator is used to generate the torque as well as the q-axis reference current. The PR controller is proposed to control the dq-axis currents and generate the reference voltages; its design is included.Therefore, decoupled speed and flux controllers are controlled separately using the PR controller. The Matlab/Simulink environment is utilized for the simulation, while the dSPACE DS1104 is used for the experimental work. The proposed control method is simple; there are no flux or torque estimators required, so it can avoid the complexity of estimators in the control scheme. The motor is tested under different scenarios, including flux change, speed change, and load torque change. The simulation and hardware results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method in controlling the the speed and the flux of PMSM with fast motor response and good dynamic performance in the different scenarios.

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Prasath, V., S. Vijayalakshmi, and R. Jain Anush. "PMSG Based WECS with PR Control Strategy for Grid Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.267.

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In this paper, a current feedback control scheme is proposed using Proportional Resonant (PR) for a grid-connected converter with an LCL Filter; PR controller with harmonic compensators has high gain at the desired frequencies for decrease harmonic distortion in the alternative voltage or current. Harmonic compensators of PR controller are limited to several low-order harmonics due to the system instability when the compensated frequency is out of system control loop’s bandwidth. The average value of current flow through inductors of LCL filter is feedback to the PR current regulator. Zero D-axis Control (ZDC) is to control the generator side converter to reduce the DC-link ripples, multi-loop harmonic current controllers are applied to regulate the higher-order harmonics by PR regulators. Consequently control strategy with LCL filter is to reduce third-order function to first-order function. By this way large control loop gain can be chosen to obtain control loop for the required harmonic components of the PR controller. The simulation and experimental results have been illustrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in MATLAB Simulink.

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Balaji, B., S. Ganesan, P. Pugazhendiran, and S. Subramanian. "Current Mode Proportional Resonant Controlled DC Micro Grid System with Enhanced Response." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012027.

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Abstract Closed-loop DC Micro-Grid containing sustainable power sources, stockpiling components and burdens are introduced. The regulators for helping the control of mico-grid are numerous in the power-frameworks, yet the most normally utilized one is PI regulator. Aside from PI there are, an entire bundle of independent regulators and hybrid regulators that can serve significantly better compared to PI for microgrid framework relevance’s. Closed-loop DC microgrid framework system with FOPID-FOPID (Fractional-order-Proportional-Integral Derivative controller) and PR—PR (Proportional-Resonant Controller) based DCMG structures are investigated and re-enacted utilizing Simulink in MATLAB and their outcomes are introduced. After re-enactment analyses, some preliminary eventual outcomes of FOPID-FOPID and PR-PR controlled DCMG framework are given to actually look at the sufficiency of the proposed framework.

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Salimin, S., S. A. Zulkifli, and M. Armstrong. "Reduction in Current THD of Grid Parallel Inverters Using Randomized PR Control." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp290-296.

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In grid connected system, unity power factor current injection into the grid is vital. This can be achieved by choosing the right inverter topology, passive filter components, current controllers, and PWM switching scheme. This paper compares the output current harmonics profile between when using the conventional proportional resonant (PR) current controller and when using the modified PR current controller. By applying the latter technique, via experimental validation using TMS320F2812, the THD of the injected grid current in a parallel connected inverters system is improved.

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Pham, Hoa Thi Xuan, and Huy Minh Nguyen. "A control method for parallel inverters in Microgrid based on sliding mode and droop controls." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i1.609.

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Robust control and flexible operation are the major objectives of islanded microgrid. A microgrid can have different configurations with linear loads and nonlinear loads. The harmonic current caused by nonlinear loads make Proportional Integral (PI) or Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) voltage controller far beyond excellent performance in case of microgrid operating in islanded mode. Additionally, the robustness of the PID closed loop system can not be guaranteed. The voltage control by using Proportional resonant (PR) controller are recommended. Although PR controller has the ability to sinusoidal signals. However, PR controller has a slight deviation of the frequency of selected harmonic component. This paper presents a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for voltage control of parallel inverters operating in islanded microgrid. This controller can enhance the robustness of control system and reduced-state tracking error. The stability of the closed-system is verified by means of Lyapunov stability criterion. The control structure is based on the inner sliding mode closed-loop and the outer droop control loop. The main aim of this paper is to design inner controllers to enhance the dynamics of the microgrid. The results obtained from the simulation of Matlab.

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Xiao, Wen Ying, and Qing Yun Pu. "Study on the Vector Control of PMSM Based on a New Controller." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3170.

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Based on anglicizing characteristics of the proportional resonance controller (resonant, PR), against the defects of the PR controller, combined with permanent magnet synchronous motor mathematical model, a rotor flux oriented vector control strategy based on a novel improve the PR controller is introduced. Finally, MATLAB /simulink was used to simulate the model above. The system got good dynamic and static responses, verifying the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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Danalakshmi, D., S. Prathiba, M. Ettappan, and D. Mohan Krishna. "Reparation of voltage disturbance using PR controller-based DVR in Modern power systems." Production Engineering Archives 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.3.

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Abstract The Smart Grid environment gives more benefits for the consumers, whereas the power quality is one of the challenging factors in the smart grid environment. To protect the system equipment and increase the reliability, different filter technologies are used. Even though, consumers’ expectations towards the power quality are not fulfilled. To overcome these drawbacks and enhance the system reliability, a new Custom Power Devices (CPD) are introduced in the system. Among different CPDs, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is one of the voltage compensating devices that is used to improve the power quality during distortions. When the distortions such as voltage swell and sag occur in the distribution system, the control strategy in the DVR plays a significant role. In this article, the DVR performance using Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Resonant (PR) controllers are analyzed. A robust optimization algorithm called Self Balanced Differential Evolution (SBDE) is used to find the optimal gain values of the controllers in order to reach the target of global minimum error and obtain fast response. Then, a comparative analysis is performed between different controllers and verified that the performance of PR controller is superior than the other controllers. It has been found that the proposed PR controller strategy reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) values for all types of faults. The proposed SBDE optimized DVR with PR controller reduces the THD value less than 4% under voltage distoration condition. The DVR topology is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK in order to detect the disturbance and inject the voltage to compensate the load voltage.

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Uddin, Waqar, Tiago D. C. Busarello, Kamran Zeb, Muhammad Adil Khan, Anil Kumar Yedluri, and Hee-Je Kim. "Control Strategy Based on Arm-Level Control for Output and Circulating Current of MMC in Stationary Reference Frame." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 4160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144160.

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This paper proposed a control method for output and circulating currents of modular multilevel converter (MMC). The output and circulating current are controlled with the help of arm currents, which contain DC, fundamental frequency, and double frequency components. The arm current is transformed into a stationary reference frame (SRF) to isolate the DC and AC components. The AC component is controlled with a conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller, while the DC component is controlled by a proportional controller. The effective control of the upper arm and lower arm ultimately controls the output current so that it delivers the required power to the grid and circulating current in such a way that the second harmonic component is completely vanished leaving behind only the DC component. Comparative results of leg-level control based on PR controller are included in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. A three-phase, five-level MMC is developed in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

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Pulloquinga, José L., Rafael J. Escarabajal, Jesús Ferrándiz, Marina Vallés, Vicente Mata, and Mónica Urízar. "Vision-Based Hybrid Controller to Release a 4-DOF Parallel Robot from a Type II Singularity." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124080.

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The high accuracy and dynamic performance of parallel robots (PRs) make them suitable to ensure safe operation in human–robot interaction. However, these advantages come at the expense of a reduced workspace and the possible appearance of type II singularities. The latter is due to the loss of control of the PR and requires further analysis to keep the stiffness of the PR even after a singular configuration is reached. All or a subset of the limbs could be responsible for a type II singularity, and they can be detected by using the angle between two output twist screws (OTSs). However, this angle has not been applied in control because it requires an accurate measure of the pose of the PR. This paper proposes a new hybrid controller to release a 4-DOF PR from a type II singularity based on a real time vision system. The vision system data are used to automatically readapt the configuration of the PR by moving the limbs identified by the angle between two OTSs. This controller is intended for a knee rehabilitation PR, and the results show how this release is accomplished with smooth controlled movements where the patient’s safety is not compromised.

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Touati, Zeineb, Manuel Pereira, Rui Esteves Araújo, and Adel Khedher. "Comparative Study of Discrete PI and PR Controller Implemented in SRG for Wind Energy Application: Theory and Experimentation." Electronics 11, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081285.

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The Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) has been widely studied for Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). However, a major drawback of the SRG system adopting the conventional control is the slow response of the DC link voltage controller. In this paper, a Proportional Resonant (PR) control strategy is proposed to control the output voltage of the SRG system to improve the fast response. The SRG model has a high non-linearity, which makes the design of controllers a difficult task. For this reason, the important practical engineering aspect of this work is the role played by the SRG model linearization in testing the sensitivity of the PR controller performance to specific parameter changes. The characteristics of steady-state behaviors of the SRG-based WECS under different control approaches are simulated and compared. The controller is implemented on a digital signal processor (TMS320F28379D). The experimental results are carried out using a 250 W 8/6 SRG prototype to assess the performance of the proposed control compared with the traditional Proportional Integral (PI) control strategy. The experimental results show that the PR control enhances the steady-state performance of the SR power generation system in WECS. Compared to PI control, the rise and settling times are reduced by 45% and 43%, respectively, without an overshoot.

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Ikaouassen, Halima, Abderraouf Raddaoui, Miloud Rezkallah, and Hussein Ibrahim. "Improved predictive current model control based on adaptive PR controller for standalone system based DG set." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1905-1914.

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This paper investigates an improved current predictive model control (PCMC) strategy with a prediction horizon of one sampling time for voltage regulation in standalone system based on diesel engine driven fixed speed of a synchronous generator. An adaptive PR controller with anti-windup scheme is employed to achieve high performance regulation without saturation issues. In addition, new method to obtain the optimal parameters of the adaptive PR controller to achieve high performance during the transition and in steady state is provided. To balance the power at the point of common coupling (PCC) as well as to feed a clean power to the connected loads, a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with LRC filter is controlled using the developed improved PCMC strategy, where the output filter current is controlled using the predicting of the system behaviour model in the future step, at each sampling prediction time. The performances of the proposed configuration and the improved control strategy are verified using Matlab/Simulink interface.

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Seifi, Kamyar, and Mehrdad Moallem. "An Adaptive PR Controller for Synchronizing Grid-Connected Inverters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 3 (March 2019): 2034–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2838098.

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B. Seshu Kumari and B. Eedukondalu. "Reactive Power Control for Single-Phase GridConnected PV Inverter using Fuzzy Controller." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 09 (November 25, 2020): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060923.

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This paper proposes grid system and its controlling techniques to regulate the continuous changes in operational requirements and deregulation problems. In the present scenario, the distribution energy systems play an important role in maintaining the power system reliability and stability in distribution domain. The proposed grid is a structure of PV and hybrid system. To achieve the maximum operation from the renewable sources an MPPT methods is proposed. This paper also proposes a concept for controlling of reactive power in single phase grid connected PV system. In order to achieve this reactive power control, this paper is implemented with different current regulated controllers such as conventional PI controller, PR controller, ASDM controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller. This proposed system with different controllers are tested and verified in MATLAB environment.

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Zeb, Kamran, Muhammad Saqib Nazir, Iftikhar Ahmad, Waqar Uddin, and Hee-Je Kim. "Control of Transformerless Inverter-Based Two-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using Adaptive-PI and Adaptive Sliding Mode Controllers." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092546.

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To enhance the move towards a sustainable society, the solar Photovoltaic (PV) industry and its applications are progressing at a rapid rate. However, the associated issues need to be addressed when connecting PV to the grid. Advanced and efficient controllers are required for the DC link to control the second harmonic ripple and current controllers to inject quality active and reactive power to the grid in the grid-connected PV system. In this paper, DC-link voltage, active power, and reactive power are successfully controlled in stationary reference using Adaptive-PI (A-PI) and Adaptive-Sliding Mode Controller (A-SMC) for a 3 kW single-phase two-stage transformerless grid-connected inverter. A Resonant Harmonic Compensator (RHC)-based Proportional Resonant (PR) controller is employed in the current-controlled loop. The magnitude, phase, and frequency information of the grid voltage are provided by Second-Order General Integral (SOGI)-based PLL that has harmonic immunity, fast-tracking accuracy, and a rapid-dynamic response. MATLAB®/Simulink®/Simscape R2017b were used for the test bench implementation. Two scenarios were considered: in the first case, the input PV power feedforward loop was avoided, while in second case, it was included. The feedforward loop of input PV power improved the overall system dynamics. The results show that the designed controller improves both the steady-state and dynamic performance as compared with a proper-regulated PI-controller. The proposed controllers are insensitive to active and reactive power variations, and are robust, stable, faster, and fault tolerant, as compared to controllers from prior studies.

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Deepthi, K., A. Vijayakumari, and Arun Joshy. "Control of Grid Connected Inverter with PR Controller and LCL Filter for Interfacing Renewable Energy Sources." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 979–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.979.

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This paper presents a design procedure for Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller and a third order LCL filter which decide the performance of the converter that is used to interface the renewable energy source to the grid. The primary focus of the paper is to evaluate the performance of the controller with the filter for a microgrid application. A scaled down model of microgrid available in the department laboratory is considered for the performance evaluation of the designed controller. The system is simulated with a 2kVA PWM inverter and tested under conditions such as change in grid impedance, grid frequency and step change in reference current. The simulation results show that the PR controller with LCL filter tracks the reference with zero steady state error and the controller is found to be immune to grid frequency and micro-grid configuration changes.

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Najafi, Foad, Mohsen Hamzeh, and Matthias Fripp. "Unbalanced Current Sharing Control in Islanded Low Voltage Microgrids." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102776.

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This paper reports a new control strategy to improve sharing of unbalanced currents in islanded LV microgrids. This technique provides fast and effective sharing of positive-, negative- and zero-sequence currents, and is the first example of zero-sequence current sharing in the literature. The controllers are designed in the stationary frame. The control structure consists of four loops: (1) the current controller; (2) the voltage controller; (3) the droop controller and the (4) negative and zero sequence current controllers. The output current is considered unknown for the controller and is added to the control system as a disturbance. The proposed controller features a high gain in fundamental and harmonic frequencies, hence a good voltage quality is obtained in the presence of unbalanced and nonlinear loads. To this aim, a proportional-resonant (PR) controller is adopted as the current controller. By using a multi-resonant controller as current controller, a unified control structure is obtained which is suitable for both grid-connected and islanded modes. The voltage controller is designed using a resonant controller so that the voltage can have low VUF and THD in the presence of unbalanced and nonlinear loads. Furthermore, in this paper, the droop method is applied to the control structure to share real and reactive powers. Simulation studies show that the conventional droop method cannot share the oscillatory part of the output power that is due to the presence of unbalanced loads in the microgrid. This paper relies on using zero and negative sequence virtual impedance controller to share the oscillatory part of output power. By using zero-sequence virtual impedance controller (ZSVIC) and negative-sequence virtual impedance controller (NSVIC), the zero and negative sequence currents in the microgrid are controlled and shared effectively. By compensating zero- and negative-sequence currents locally, the flow of these currents in the microgrid is minimized, and the overall power quality of the islanded LV microgrid is improved.

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Mohamed, Abdullahi, and Suriana Salimin. "THD performance of single phase five level inverter using proportional resonant and harmonic compensators current controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1423-1429.

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This paper observe the total harmonic distortion (THD) performance of single phase five level inverter using proportional resonant (PR) and harmonic compensators current controller. The THD when adding PR current controller was 1.6% at first. After more functions were added to the PR current controller to reduce the THD at the 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonic orders, the THD of the 3rd harmonic order was reduced from 0.45% to 0.1% while the 5th and 7th harmonic orders were reduced from 0.6% and 0.43% to 0.25% and 0.4% respectively. The development and simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result is performed by using Fast Fourier Transform analysis (FFT) for the harmonics captured.

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Zhang, Wen Ming, Yong Xin Li, Xing Lai Ge, and Yang Lu. "Optimized Design of Double-Loops Controller for Single-Phase Pulse Rectifier without LC Resonant Filter Circuit." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.1031.

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Research on the lightweight issue of DC-link is an important direction in modern AC drive electric locomotive. Canceling LC filter circuit is an important way to achieve the goal of lightweight. Therefore, this paper focuses on single-phase pulse rectifier without LC filter circuit. The generation mechanism of DC voltage ripple and network-side current harmonics in grid-side converter is derived. Then, aiming to eliminate the current harmonics, the N-order notch filter and PR controller are introduced to the double-loops controller. The loop of voltage outer controller with N-order notch filter can filter out the ripple of DC-side voltage effectively without affecting the dynamic performance of the controller system. Meanwhile, the loop of current inner controller with PR controller can achieve zero steady-state error control to both the fundamental and harmonic current, and can suppress the low order harmonics in the line current effectively. Analysis shows that replacing the original L2C2 filter circuit with software controller is feasible. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are verified in computer simulation.

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Rezaei, Mohammad Hossein, and Mahdi Akhbari. "Power decoupling capability with PR controller for Micro-Inverter applications." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 136 (March 2022): 107607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107607.

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Chen, K. C., S. Salimin, S. A. Zulkifli, and R. Aziz. "Single Phase Inverter System using Proportional Resonant Current Control." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1913-1918.

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This paper presents the harmonic reduction performance of proportional resonant (PR) current controller in single phase inverter system connected to nonlinear load. In the study, proportional resonant current controller and low pass filter is discussed to eliminate low order harmonics injection in single phase inverter system. The potential of nonlinear load in producing harmonics is showed and identified by developing a nonlinear load model using a full bridge rectifier circuit. The modelling and simulation is done in MATLAB Simulink while harmonic spectrum results are obtained using Fast Fourier Transfor. End result show PR current controller capability to overcome the injection of current harmonic problems thus improved the overall total harmonic distortion (THD).

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Bhavani, Somasundaram, and Arumugam Sivaprakasam. "Dual Mode Symmetrical Proportional Resonant Controlled Quadratic Boost Converter for PMSM-Drive." Symmetry 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010147.

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Power electronics-based converters have been widely used in several applications, specifically electric propulsion systems. Ongoing advancements in converters have led to high-gain Quadratic Boost Converters (QBC) which control Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive. In this work, a novel scheme is employed, particularly a three-phase inverter between QBC and PMSM operated by a dual-mode controller strategy. Precisely, the novelty of this work is to use the quadratic boost converter to control the PMSM drive by applying different control strategies. This work also demonstrates the simulation of two different current control strategies applied to a Semi-Converter (SC) fed QBC based on PMSM-based EV. It also presents the strategy, inquiry, and model of SC-based QBC three-phase inverter (TPI) fed PMSM with symmetrical operated PI (Proportional Integral), FOPID (Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative), and PR (Proportional Resonant) controllers. The simulated results offer a significant improvement in PMSM parameters compared with the PI-PI framework, notably voltage, speed, and torque against source disturbances. Further, the PR-PR control approach provides better time-domain parameters than the PI-PI control strategy (including the least rise time (Tr) of 1.15 s, peak time (Tp) of 2.38 s, settling time (Ts) of 4.12 s, and steady-state error (Ess) of 4.89 s). Furthermore, the experimental module is designed to test the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies and was found to be more advantageous in dual mode symmetric PR-PR controlled SC-based QBC-TPI fed PMSM.

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Gao, Jie, Xiaowei Wang, and Fengfeng Yang. "Current-limiting strategy based on PR controller and active power filter for droop controlled microgrid." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 16 (March 1, 2019): 2289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8650.

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Essaghir, Soukaina, Mohamed Benchagra, and Noureddine El barbri. "Comparison between PI and PR Current Controllers of a Grid- Connected Photovoltaic System Under Load Variation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1311-1320.

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This paper presents a current control technique for a three-phase grid-connected DC /AC inverter which is used in photovoltaic systems. A Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller is used for replacing the conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in this system. By comparison with the conventional PI control method, the PR control can introduce an infinite gain at the fundamental frequency and hence can achieve zero steady-state error. The proposed model is based on two control loops: the first control loop regulates DC link voltage and the second one is used to keep the injected current to the grid in phase with the voltage by means of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) in order to achieve a unit power factor and to adjust the output power as required. In order to examine the effectiveness of the suggested control, a simulation using the Matlab/Simulink software has been done and it’s concluded from the simulation results that the presented control by using the PR controller can be able to maintain maximum active power and to keep always a unity power factor despite variation load.

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Blahník, Vojtĕch, Zdenĕk Peroutka, and Jakub Talla. "Advanced Control Strategy for Single–Phase Voltage–Source Active Rectifier with Low Harmonic Emission." Journal of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2014-0018.

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Abstract This paper introduces the advanced control of single-phase voltage-source active rectifier. This control provide direct control of trolley-wire current and active damping of low-frequency disturbances at the converter ac side. Our proposed control strategy combines PR controller with feed-forward model and low-frequency harmonic compensator based on resonant controllers. Achieved experimental results show excellent converter behavior, where converter is fed by strongly distorted supply voltage.

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Zhang, Jinke, Xiaojie Wu, Lvshuai Xing, Chao Zhang, Herbert Iu, and Tyrone Fernando. "Bifurcation Analysis of Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter Using Proportional-Resonant Plus Time-Delayed Feedback." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, no. 11 (October 2016): 1630031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416300317.

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In this paper, a traditional five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter is studied and regulated by a proportional-resonant (PR) controller. In order to extend the range of the gain of PR controller, for the purpose of achieving a fast response, a time-delayed feedback controller (TDFC) is used. Similar to the pulse width modulation (PWM) current-mode single phase H-bridge inverter that exhibits bifurcation and chaos when parameters vary, we demonstrate for the first time that the cascaded H-bridge inverter also shows similar features. From the perspective of a discontinuous map, the cascaded H-bridge inverter generally displays extraordinary complexity. Moreover, a new virtual ergodic method (VEM) is proposed to establish the mathematical model of the whole system, which helps to understand the observed bifurcation phenomena. Simulation results are given to verify the analysis.

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Zeb, Kamran, Saif Ul Islam, Waqar Ud Din, Imran Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq, Tiago Davi Curi Busarello, Iftikhar Ahmad, and Hee Je Kim. "Design of Fuzzy-PI and Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Controllers for Single-Phase Two-Stages Grid-Connected Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050520.

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Conventional Energy Resources (CER) are being rapidly replaced by Renewable Energy Resources (RER) due to their abundant, environmentally friendly, clean, and inexhaustible nature. In recent years, Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) energy installation is booming at a rapid rate among various RER. Grid-Connected PVS required advance DC-link controllers to overcome second harmonic ripple and current controllers to feed-in high-quality current to the grid. This paper successfully presents the design of a Fuzzy-Logic Based PI (F-PI) and Fuzzy-Logic based Sliding Mode Controller (F-SMC) for the DC-link voltage controller and Proportional Resonant (PR) with Resonant Harmonic Compensator (RHC) as a current controller for a Single-Phase Two-Stages Grid-connected Transformerless (STGT) Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter. The current controller is designed with and without a feedforward PV power loop to improve dynamics and control. A Second Order General Integral (SOGI)-based Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is also designed that has a fast-dynamic response, fast-tracking accuracy, and harmonic immunity. A 3 kW STGT-PV system is used for simulation in Matlab/Simulink. A comparative assessment of designed controllers is carried out with a conventionally well-tuned PI controller. The designed controllers improve the steady-state and dynamic performance of the grid-connected PV system. In addition, the results, performance measure analysis, and harmonics contents authenticate the robustness, fastness, and effectiveness of the designed controllers, related to former works.

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Zhang, Jianwei, Li Li, David G. Dorrell, and Youguang Guo. "Modified PI controller with improved steady-state performance and comparison with PR controller on direct matrix converters." Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 5, no. 1 (March 2019): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cjee.2019.000006.

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Li, Yahui, Jing Zhang, Zhenghang Hao, and Peng Tian. "Improved PR Control Strategy for an LCL Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Active Damping." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073170.

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Aiming at the problem of power coupling and complicated decoupling in the d-q coordinate system of a three-phase grid-connected inverter, a current closed-loop control strategy based on an improved QPIR (quasi-proportional integral resonant) controller in the α-β two-phase static coordinate system is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of an LCL three-phase grid-connected inverter is established, and its instantaneous power calculation equation is deduced. Secondly, the frequency method is applied to compare and analyze the proportional resonant, quasi-proportional resonant, and improved current controller, and the appropriate improved controller parameters are obtained according to the traditional proportional integral controller parameter design method and the weight coefficient. Finally, the improved controller is compared with the traditional controller in the simulation model of the LCL three-phase grid-connected inverter based on active damping. The results show that the proposed improved current control strategy has good dynamic response characteristics, can realize the non-static error control of grid-connected current, and realizes the decoupling control of active power and reactive power when the load jumps. At the same time, the results also prove the superiority of the proposed control strategy and verify its effectiveness.

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Wen, Chun Xue, Zhen Zang, and Zheng Xi Li. "Research on Control Strategy of PV MPPT and Grid-Connected Single Phase Converter Based on Two Stage Topology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.97.

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This paper studied the control strategy of single-phase two-stage grid-connected photovoltaic generation system. The two-stage topology includes the boost converter and single phase inverter. The function of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved in the boost circuit by IC (Increment Conductance) method. The inverter circuit adopted the double-closed loop control, a DC voltage outer loop control for power balance with PI correction and an AC current inner loop control for feedback designed to ensure the current quality and stabilize the DC voltage. The inner loop used the novel quasi-Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller, which has a better steady tracking characteristics and stronger anti-interference ability to the disturbance. Finally, a simulation system is built with Matlab/Simulink in this paper to verify the validity of the MPPT algorithm and the quasi-PR control strategy.Keywords：Photovoltaic Generation System;Maximum Power Point Tracking; Grid-connected Inverter; quasi-Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller

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Lyu, Yongcan, and Hua Lin. "Simplified Controller Design Method for Digitally Controlled LCL-Type PWM Converter with Multi-resonant Quasi-PR Controller and Capacitor-Current-Feedback Active Damping." Journal of Power Electronics 14, no. 6 (November 20, 2014): 1322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/jpe.2014.14.6.1322.

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Ishfaq, Muhammad, Waqar Uddin, Kamran Zeb, Imran Khan, Saif Ul Islam, Muhammad Adil Khan, and Hee Kim. "A New Adaptive Approach to Control Circulating and Output Current of Modular Multilevel Converter." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061118.

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This paper addresses the output current and circulating current control of the modular multi-level converter (MMC). The challenging task of MMCs is the control of output current and circulating current. Existing control structures for output and circulating current achieve control objectives with comparatively complex controllers and the designed parameters for the controller is also difficult. In this paper, an adaptive proportional integral (API) controller is designed to control the output current and the circulating current. The output current is regulated in α β axes while the circulating current is regulated in the a b c stationary frame to enhance MMC performance. The output and circulating current control results using an API controller are compared with the conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller in terms of transient response, stability, optimal performance, and reference tracking for results verification. The API control architecture significantly improve transient response, stability, and have excellent reference tracking capability. Moreover, it controls output current and converges the circulating current to a desired value. The control structure is designed for a three-phase MMC system, simulated and analyzed in MATLAB-Simulink.

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Ortega-Montiel, T., R. Villafuerte-Segura, C. Vázquez-Aguilera, and L. Freidovich. "Proportional Retarded Controller to Stabilize Underactuated Systems with Measurement Delays: Furuta Pendulum Case Study." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2505086.

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The design and tuning of a simple feedback strategy with delay to stabilize a class of underactuated mechanical systems with dead time are presented. A linear time-invariant (LTI) model with time delay of fourth order and a Proportional Retarded (PR) controller are considered. The PR controller is shown as an appealing alternative to the application of observer-based controllers. This paper gives a step forward to obtain a better understanding of the effect of output delays and related phenomena in mechatronic systems, making it possible to design resilient control laws under the presence of uncertain time delays in measurements and obtain an acceptable performance without using a derivative action. The Furuta pendulum is a standard two-degrees-of-freedom benchmark example from the class of underactuated mechanical systems. The configuration under study includes an inherent output delay due to wireless communication used to transmit measurements of the pendulum’s angular position. Our approach offers a constructive design and a procedure based on a combination of root loci and Mikhailov methods for the analysis of stability. Experiments over a laboratory platform are reported and a comparison with a standard linear state feedback control law shows the advantages of the proposed scheme.

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Wu, Haotian, Zhong Wei, and Shiwen Liu. "Optimal Control Strategy of Back-to-Back Converter Based on AC/DC Voltage Source Converter." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (July 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3104149.

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The back-to-back converter is a converter system composed of two voltage source converters (VSC). Because VSC can regulate the output of active and reactive power, the back-to-back converter has a good dynamic and static performance. However, not all passive loads are three-phase symmetrical. The existing control strategy may lead to asymmetric output voltage when back-to-back converter is used to supply unbalance load. Usually, an inner loop d/q decoupling controller, a constant DC voltage controller of the rectifier side, and a constant AC voltage controller of the inverter side are established. In this article, in order to improve the rectifier side, fuzzy online self-tuning is used to increase PI parameters on the outer voltage loop. PI control is replaced by PR control on the inner current loop. The improved rectifier control can reduce the overshoot and the output of harmonics. For the inverter side, the three-phase voltage will be imbalanced. Therefore, using PR control, which can track a sinusoidal signal without steady-state error, the control strategy of inverter is changed into “outer loop constant voltage and PR control-inner loop current d/q decoupling control.” This strategy can solve the unbalance problem of three-phase AC output. The simulation results show that the control strategy can solve the problem of asymmetric output voltage of the inverter side effectively.

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Sattianadan, D., Soumen Gorai, G. R. Prudhvi Kumar, S. Vidyasagar, and V. Shanmugasundaram. "Potency of PR controller for multiple harmonic compensation for a single-phase grid connected system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1491-1498.

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Harmonics and grid synchronization are one of the major problems faced when dealing with a single-phase system. The development of technology in the PV system makes the consumer to use it in a wide range. The power transferred from PV to grid needs DC to AC conversion process which is done by static devices operating with the higher frequencies that causes the harmonics in the grid connected system. The main aim of the paper is to implement grid synchronization and reduce total harmonic distortion in a single-phase grid connected system. The design of LCL filter is addressed in this paper which depends on current ripple, filter size and switching ripple attenuation. In order to account the harmonic content, the FFT analysis is made both in analysis and Matlab Simulink. The Proportional Resonant (PR) controller is developed and work along with LCL filter for reducing the harmonic content. The stability of the system with PR is analyzed using root locus and bode plots and results are compared with PI controls. The result shows that PR controller performs better compared to the PI controller for reducing the harmonic content present in the single-phase system and for improving the system stability.

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Han, Yan Cheng. "The Research of Canal Fuzzy Self-Adapting P+PR Controller of Long Distance Water Diversion Project and Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3622.

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Canal control algorithm is very import in the process of water delivery. The paper presents a parameters-self-adapting canal flow fuzzy P+PR control according to the merits of fuzzy-control and the features of P+PR control algorithm through fuzzy inference method. The model uses the canal automation history control experiences to realize the optimization of parameters and make the control process always running in the optimal state. The parameters of fuzzy rule-table are built, the solution processes are deduced. The simulation results show that the overshoot is reduced significantly, and the dynamic behaviors are improved by using this adaptive fuzzy P+PR control model.

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Uddin, Zeb, Adil Khan, Ishfaq, khan, Islam, Kim, Park, and Lee. "Control of Output and Circulating Current of Modular Multilevel Converter Using a Sliding Mode Approach." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214084.

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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been prominently used in medium- and high-power applications. This paper presents the control of output and circulating current of MMC using sliding mode control (SMC). The design of the proposed controller and the relation between control parameters and validity condition are based on the system dynamics. The proposed designed controller enables the system to track its reference values. The controller is designed to control both output current and circulating current along with suppression of second harmonics contents in circulating current. Furthermore, the capacitor voltage and energy of the converter are also regulated. The control of output current is carried out in dq-axis as well as in αβ-axis with first-order switching law. However, a second-order switching law-based super twisting algorithm is used for controlling circulating current and suppression of its second harmonics contents. The stability of the controlled system is numerically calculated and verified by Lyapunov stability conditions. Moreover, the simulation results of the proposed controller are critically compared with the conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed controller attains faster dynamic response and minimizes steady-state error comparatively. The simulation of the MMC model is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink

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Lin, Hui Pin, Jin Hu, Qun Wang, and Zheng Yu Lu. "PRI Control Methodology for Grid-Connected Inverters in Harmonic Distorted Grid Utility." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.508.

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The impacts of grid voltage on grid current in distributed generation grid-connected inverters are analyzed, and a control strategy that can compensate harmonics and suppress DC bias is proposed. In comparison with traditional PR controller, the proposed PRI controller with an additional integral part obtains a higher gain in low frequency, and the controller has an apparent effort especially for suppressing DC bias. Finally the PRI controller is verified in a 50KW. The experimental results show that the PRI controller not only can reduce harmonics of grid current in the steady state but also can suppress DC bias rapidly in a dynamic process. The PRI controller is suitable for DGs since they typically contain low order harmonics which caused by nonlinear l three-level inverter loads.

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Jasim, Ali M., Basil H. Jasim, Bogdan-Constantin Neagu, and Bilal Naji Alhasnawi. "Coordination Control of a Hybrid AC/DC Smart Microgrid with Online Fault Detection, Diagnostics, and Localization Using Artificial Neural Networks." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010187.

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In this paper, a solar and wind renewable energies-based hybrid AC/DC microgrid (MG) is proposed for minimizing the number of DC/AC/DC power conversion processes. High penetration rates of renewable energy increase MG instability. This instability can be mitigated by maintaining a balance between consumption demand and production levels. Coordination control is proposed in this study to address coordinated electricity flowing through both AC and DC links and to achieve system stability under variability of generation, load, and fault conditions. The MG adopts a bidirectional main converter that is controlled using a digital proportional resonant (PR) current controller in a synchronous reference frame. The PR controller plays a role as a digital filter with infinite impulse response (IIR) characteristics by virtue of its high gain at the resonant frequency, thereby reducing harmonics. Moreover, the applied PR controller quickly follows the reference signal, can adapt to changes in grid frequency, is easy to set up, and has no steady-state error. Moreover, the solar photovoltaic (PV)-based distribution generation (DG) is supported by a maximum power point tracker (MPPT)-setup boost converter to extract maximum power. Due to the usage of converter-connected DG units in MGs, power electronic converters may experience excessive current during short circuit faults. Fault detection is critical for MG control and operation since it empowers the system to quickly isolate and recover from faults. This paper proposed an intelligent online fault detection, diagnostic, and localization information system for hybrid low voltage AC/DC MGs using an artificial neural network (ANN) due to its accuracy, robustness, and quickness. The proposed scheme enables rapid detection of faults on the AC bus, resulting in a more reliable MG. To ensure the neural network’s validity, it was trained on various short circuit faults. The performance of the MG was evaluated using MATLAB software. The simulation findings indicate that the suggested control strategy maintains the dynamic stability of the MG, meets the load demand, and achieves energy balance as well as properly predicts faults.

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Guo, Xiu-Hua, Che-Wei Chang, and Le-Ren Chang-Chien. "Digital Implementation of Harmonic and Unbalanced Load Compensation for Voltage Source Inverter to Operate in Grid Forming Microgrid." Electronics 11, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060886.

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Voltage source inverter (VSI) is a good candidate for grid forming microgrid because it provides constant amplitude, frequency, and sinusoidal shape voltage at point of common coupling (PCC). As the microgrid is separated from utility grid, voltage quality of the PCC is easily affected by the type of load. To ensure power quality in grid operation, a three-phase VSI providing automatic voltage compensation for unbalanced or nonlinear load is presented in this paper. To maintain voltage quality at a certain level, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is embedded in a proportional-resonant (PR) controller to mitigate the total harmonic distortion (THD) at PCC. In the meantime, any change of voltage magnitude that is caused by the unbalanced load could be reduced as well. To further enhance the transient response with the change of load, a predictive current (PC) controller is integrated into the PR controller. All the control strategies are implemented by digital approach. The effectiveness of proposed controls is verified through experiments on a testbed of the three-phase stand-alone system.

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Jasim, Ali M., Basil H. Jasim, and Bogdan-Constantin Neagu. "A New Decentralized PQ Control for Parallel Inverters in Grid-Tied Microgrids Propelled by SMC-Based Buck–Boost Converters." Electronics 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2022): 3917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233917.

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Nowadays, the microgrid (MG) concept is regarded as an efficient approach to incorporating renewable generation resources into distribution networks. However, managing power flows to distribute load power among distribution generators (DGs) remains a critical focus, particularly during peak demand. The purpose of this paper is to control the adopted grid-tied MG performance and manage the power flow from/to the parallel DGs and the main grid using discrete-time active/reactive power (PQ) control based on digital proportional resonant (PR) controllers. The PR controller is used to eliminate harmonics by acting as a digital infinite-impulse response (IIR) filter with a high gain at the resonant frequency. Additionally, the applied PR controller has fast reference signal tracking, responsiveness to grid frequency drift, and no steady-state error. Moreover, this paper describes the application of robust nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC)-technique-based buck–boost (BB) converters. The sliding adaptive control scheme is applied to prevent the output voltage error that occurs during DG failure, load variations, or system parameter changes. This paper deals with two distinct case studies. The first one focuses on applying the proposed control for two parallel DGs with and without load-changing conditions. In the latter case, the MG is expanded to include five DGs (with and without DG failure). The proposed control technique has been compared with the droop control and model predictive control (MPC) techniques. As demonstrated by the simulation results in MATLAB software, the proposed method outperformed the others in terms of both performance analysis and the ability to properly share power between parallel DGs and the utility grid.

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Abdul Aziz, Nur Izzati, Shahril Irwan Sulaiman, Sulaiman Shaari, and Ismail Musirin. "An Iterative Algorithm for Sizing Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.601.

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This paper presents a methodology for sizing Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system. An iterative-based sizing algorithm, known as ISA, was developed for determining the optimal PV module, battery, charge controller and inverter such that the expected Performance Ratio (PR) of the system could be maximized. The ISA basically evaluates all possible combinations of SAPV system components derived from the respective database of each component. Two sizing scenarios were evaluated based on the types of charge controller that has been used, i.e. the standard charge controller and maximum power point tracker (MPPT)-based charge controller. Results showed that the optimal sizing solution was discovered within 14 to 19 hours based on an evaluation of 46,080 possible combinations of components.

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Vu, Trung-Kien, and Se-Jin Seong. "PR Controller Based Current Control Scheme for Single-Phase Inter-Connected PV Inverter." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2009): 3587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2009.10.12.3587.

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Jeong, Hae-Gwang, Jong-Hyun Lee, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "A 2ndOrder Harmonic Compensation Method for Wind Power System Using a PR Controller." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2013.8.3.507.

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Inácio, Pedro M. C., Rui Guerra, and Peter Stallinga. "An Ultra-Low-Cost RCL-Meter." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062227.

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An ultra-low-cost RCL meter, aimed at IoT applications, was developed, and was used to measure electrical components based on standard techniques without the need of additional electronics beyond the AVR® micro-controller hardware itself and high-level routines. The models and pseudo-routines required to measure admittance parameters are described, and a benchmark between the ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 AVR® micro-controllers was performed to validate the resistance and capacitance measurements. Both ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 micro-controllers could measure isolated resistances from 0.5 Ω to 80 MΩ and capacitances from 100 fF to 4.7 mF. Inductance measurements are estimated at between 0.2 mH to 1.5 H. The accuracy and range of the measurements of series and parallel RC networks are demonstrated. The relative accuracy (ar) and relative precision (pr) of the measurements were quantified. For the resistance measurements, typically ar, pr < 10% in the interval 100 Ω–100 MΩ. For the capacitance, measured in one of the modes (fast mode), ar < 20% and pr < 5% in the range 100 fF–10 nF, while for the other mode (transient mode), typically ar < 20% in the range 10 nF–10 mF and pr < 5% for 100 pF–10 mF. ar falls below 5% in some sub-ranges. The combination of the two capacitance modes allows for measurements in the range 100 fF–10 mF (11 orders of magnitude) with ar < 20%. Possible applications include the sensing of impedimetric sensor arrays targeted for wearable and in-body bioelectronics, smart agriculture, and smart cities, while complying with small form factor and low cost.

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Curi Busarello, Tiago Davi, Kamran Zeb, and Marcelo Godoy Simões. "Highly Accurate Digital Current Controllers for Single-Phase LCL-Filtered Grid-Connected Inverters." Electricity 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity1010002.

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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most promising technology for residential installation as an alternative source of energy. To interface the primary source of PV to the electrical grid, an LCL-filtered inverter is being broadly adopted due to its low volume compared to the L-filtered one and the superior ability to filter high-frequency harmonics. In this context, this paper proposes highly accurate digital current controllers for single-phase LCL-filtered grid-connected inverters. The proposed controllers are: Integral-single-lead, integral double-lead, integral double-lead taking into account the effect of pulse width modulation (PWM) delay and the proportional-resonant (PR). These controllers are different from the traditional Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional-Derivative (PD), and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID). One of the novelties of this paper is the detailed, step-by-step procedure for tuning each parameter of the proposed digital controllers considering the dynamic behavior of the LCL filter. The proposed PR has a different and more straightforward tuning methodology than those procedures commonly found in the literature. Therefore, this paper is an attractive tool for a fast, accurate, and reliable way to tune digital current controllers for a single-phase LCL-filtered grid-connected inverter. The controllers were verified in the digital signal controller (DSC) TMS320F28335 while the power structure runs in a hardware-in-loop (HIL device). Results show the efficacy of the proposed controllers.

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Roy, Suchismita, Pradeep Kumar Sahu, and Satyaranjan Jena. "Analysis and control strategy of standalone PV system with various reference frames." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0371.

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Abstract Renewable energy sources like solar power are the more convenient source of renewable energy. Nowadays, increasing the energy demand may create many disturbances in power system distribution. To overcome the necessity of power demand, all are focusing on generation of more energy from clean technologies with increased development in power distribution systems using the renewable energy sources. This work aims to propose a standalone PV system with an LCL filter, with two cascaded feedback control loops with an appropriate controller for three reference frame. This work concerns the topology for three reference frames such as synchronous, standalone, and natural reference frames with the respective controllers (PI and PR). The topology contains two cascaded feedback control loops such as DC-link voltage control loop (PI) cascaded with the internal current loop (PI and PR). These commonly used controllers are implemented in various well-known reference frames for the PV system and their steady-state performance is also evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion. Finally, the simulation results from a two-stage 5.5 kW, 440 V (L–L), three-phase standalone PV system are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the control schemes.

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Vu, Trung-Kien, and Se-Jin Seong. "Comparison of PI and PR Controller Based Current Control Schemes for Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverter." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 11, no. 8 (August 31, 2010): 2968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2010.11.8.2968.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PR controller'

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