Relevant bibliographies by topics / PPT1

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Academic literature on the topic 'PPT1'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PPT1"

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Cho, Steve K., and Sandra L. Hofmann. "pdf1, a Palmitoyl Protein Thioesterase 1 Ortholog in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a Yeast Model of Infantile Batten Disease." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 2 (April 2004): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.2.302-310.2004.

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ABSTRACT Infantile Batten disease is a severe neurodegenerative storage disorder caused by mutations in the human PPT1 (palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1) gene, which encodes a lysosomal hydrolase that removes fatty acids from lipid-modified proteins. PPT1 has orthologs in many species, including lower organisms and plants, but not in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains a previously uncharacterized open reading frame (SPBC530.12c) that encodes the S. pombe Ppt1p ortholog fused in frame to a second enzyme that is highly similar to a previously cloned mouse dolichol pyrophosphatase (Dolpp1p). In the present study, we characterized this interesting gene (designated here as pdf1, for palmitoyl protein thioesterase-dolichol pyrophosphate phosphatase fusion 1) through deletion of the open reading frame and complementation by plasmids bearing mutations in various regions of the pdf1 sequence. Strains bearing a deletion of the entire pdf1 open reading frame are nonviable and are rescued by a pdf1 expression plasmid. Inactivating mutations in the Dolpp1p domain do not rescue the lethality, whereas mutations in the Ppt1p domain result in cells that are viable but abnormally sensitive to sodium orthovanadate and elevated extracellular pH. The latter phenotypes have been previously associated with class C and class D vacuolar protein sorting (vps) mutants and vacuolar membrane H+-ATPase (vma) mutants in S. cerevisiae. Importantly, the Ppt1p-deficient phenotype is complemented by the human PPT1 gene. These results indicate that the function of PPT1 has been widely conserved throughout evolution and that S. pombe may serve as a genetically tractable model for the study of human infantile Batten disease.
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2

Ou, Pengju, Lifen Wen, Xiaoli Liu, Jiancheng Huang, Xiaoling Huang, Chaofei Su, Ling Wang, Hai Ni, Boris Reizis, and Cliff Y. Yang. "Thioesterase PPT1 balances viral resistance and efficient T cell crosspriming in dendritic cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 216, no. 9 (July 1, 2019): 2091–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190041.

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Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) are inherently resistant to many viruses but, paradoxically, possess fewer acidic phagosomes that enable antigen retention and cross-presentation. We report that palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), which catabolizes lipid-modified proteins in neurons, is highly expressed in cDC1s. PPT1-deficient DCs are more susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection, and mice with PPT1 deficiency in cDC1s show impaired response to VSV. Conversely, PPT1-deficient cDC1s enhance the priming of naive CD8+ T cells into tissue-resident KLRG1+ effectors and memory T cells, resulting in rapid clearance of tumors and Listeria monocytogenes. Mechanistically, PPT1 protects steady state DCs from viruses by promoting antigen degradation and endosomal acidification via V-ATPase recruitment. After DC activation, immediate down-regulation of PPT1 is likely to facilitate efficient cross-presentation, production of costimulatory molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, PPT1 acts as a molecular rheostat that allows cDC1s to crossprime efficiently without compromising viral resistance. These results suggest potential therapeutics to enhance cDC1-dependent crosspriming.
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Gorenberg, Erica L., Sofia Massaro Tieze, Betül Yücel, Helen R. Zhao, Vicky Chou, Gregory S. Wirak, Susumu Tomita, TuKiet T. Lam, and Sreeganga S. Chandra. "Identification of substrates of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 highlights roles of depalmitoylation in disulfide bond formation and synaptic function." PLOS Biology 20, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): e3001590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001590.

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Loss-of-function mutations in the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. The substrates of PPT1 are largely undescribed, posing a limitation on molecular dissection of disease mechanisms and therapeutic development. Here, we provide a resource identifying >100 novel PPT1 substrates. We utilized Acyl Resin-Assisted Capture (Acyl RAC) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins with increased in vivo palmitoylation in PPT1 knockout (KO) mouse brains. We then validated putative substrates through direct depalmitoylation with recombinant PPT1. This stringent screen elucidated diverse PPT1 substrates at the synapse, including channels and transporters, G-protein–associated molecules, endo/exocytic components, synaptic adhesion molecules, and mitochondrial proteins. Cysteine depalmitoylation sites in transmembrane PPT1 substrates frequently participate in disulfide bonds in the mature protein. We confirmed that depalmitoylation plays a role in disulfide bond formation in a tertiary screen analyzing posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Collectively, these data highlight the role of PPT1 in mediating synapse functions, implicate molecular pathways in the etiology of NCL and other neurodegenerative diseases, and advance our basic understanding of the purpose of depalmitoylation.
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Uzbekova, Svetlana, Ana-Paula Teixeira-Gomes, Aurélie Marestaing, Peggy Jarrier-Gaillard, Pascal Papillier, Ekaterina N. Shedova, Galina N. Singina, Rustem Uzbekov, and Valerie Labas. "Protein Palmitoylation in Bovine Ovarian Follicle." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 11757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111757.

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Protein palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification by fatty acids (FA), mainly a palmitate (C16:0). Palmitoylation allows protein shuttling between the plasma membrane and cytosol to regulate protein stability, sorting and signaling activity and its deficiency leads to diseases. We aimed to characterize the palmitoyl-proteome of ovarian follicular cells and molecular machinery regulating protein palmitoylation within the follicle. For the first time, 84 palmitoylated proteins were identified from bovine granulosa cells (GC), cumulus cells (CC) and oocytes by acyl-biotin exchange proteomics. Of these, 32 were transmembrane proteins and 27 proteins were detected in bovine follicular fluid extracellular vesicles (ffEVs). Expression of palmitoylation and depalmitoylation enzymes as palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHCs), acylthioesterases (LYPLA1 and LYPLA2) and palmitoylthioesterases (PPT1 and PPT2) were analysed using transcriptome and proteome data in oocytes, CC and GC. By immunofluorescence, ZDHHC16, PPT1, PPT2 and LYPLA2 proteins were localized in GC, CC and oocyte. In oocyte and CC, abundance of palmitoylation-related enzymes significantly varied during oocyte maturation. These variations and the involvement of identified palmitoyl-proteins in oxidation-reduction processes, energy metabolism, protein localization, vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, G-protein mediated and other signaling pathways suggests that protein palmitoylation may play important roles in oocyte maturation and ffEV-mediated communications within the follicle.
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Zhang, Xusheng, Mengting Wang, Bingyan Feng, Qiuyu Zhang, Jia Tong, Mingyong Wang, Chengbiao Lu, and Shiyong Peng. "Seizures in PPT1 Knock-In Mice Are Associated with Inflammatory Activation of Microglia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 5586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105586.

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Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), the most severe form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, is caused by mutations in the lysosomal enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). Typical symptoms of this disease include progressive psychomotor developmental retardation, visual failure, seizures, and premature death. Here, we investigated seizure activity and relevant pathological changes in PPT1 knock-in mice (PPT1 KI). The behavior studies in this study demonstrated that PPT1 KI mice had no significant seizure activity until 7 months of age, and local field potentials also displayed epileptiform activity at the same age. The expression levels of Iba-1 and CD68 demonstrated, by Western blot analysis, the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α content measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the number of microglia demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were significantly increased at age of 7 months, all of which indicate microglia activation at an age of seizure onset. The increased expression of GFAP were seen at an earlier age of 4 months, and such an increase reached its peak at age of 6 months, indicating that astrocyte activation precedes microglia. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-sensitive ionic channel that is highly expressed in microglia and is fundamental to microglial activation, proliferation, cytokines release and epilepsy. We show that the ATP concentration in hippocampal tissue in PPT1 KI mice was increased using an enhanced ATP assay kit and demonstrated that the antagonist of P2X7R, A-438079, significantly reduced seizures in PPT1 KI mice. In contrast to glial cell activation and proliferation, a significant reduction in synaptic proteins GABAAR was seen in PPT1 KI mice. These results indicate that seizure in PPT1 KI mice may be associated with microglial activation involved in ATP-sensitive P2X7R signaling and impaired inhibitory neurotransmission.
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Gupta, P., A. A. Soyombo, A. Atashband, K. E. Wisniewski, J. M. Shelton, J. A. Richardson, R. E. Hammer, and S. L. Hofmann. "Disruption of PPT1 or PPT2 causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in knockout mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 24 (November 20, 2001): 13566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251485198.

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Shyng, Charles, Hemanth R. Nelvagal, Joshua T. Dearborn, Jaana Tyynelä, Robert E. Schmidt, Mark S. Sands, and Jonathan D. Cooper. "Synergistic effects of treating the spinal cord and brain in CLN1 disease." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 29 (July 3, 2017): E5920—E5929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701832114.

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Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL, or CLN1 disease) is an inherited neurodegenerative storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). It was widely believed that the pathology associated with INCL was limited to the brain, but we have now found unexpectedly profound pathology in the human INCL spinal cord. Similar pathological changes also occur at every level of the spinal cord of PPT1-deficient (Ppt1−/−) mice before the onset of neuropathology in the brain. Various forebrain-directed gene therapy approaches have only had limited success in Ppt1−/− mice. Targeting the spinal cord via intrathecal administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vector significantly prevented pathology and produced significant improvements in life span and motor function in Ppt1−/− mice. Surprisingly, forebrain-directed gene therapy resulted in essentially no PPT1 activity in the spinal cord, and vice versa. This leads to a reciprocal pattern of histological correction in the respective tissues when comparing intracranial with intrathecal injections. However, the characteristic pathological features of INCL were almost completely absent in both the brain and spinal cord when intracranial and intrathecal injections of the same AAV vector were combined. Targeting both the brain and spinal cord also produced dramatic and synergistic improvements in motor function with an unprecedented increase in life span. These data show that spinal cord pathology significantly contributes to the clinical progression of INCL and can be effectively targeted therapeutically. This has important implications for the delivery of therapies in INCL, and potentially in other similar disorders.
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Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati Mohd, Bradford Condon, Lieselotte De Bruyne, Christof Van Poucke, Qing Bi, Wei Li, Monica Höfte, and B. Gillian Turgeon. "Virulence, Host-Selective Toxin Production, and Development of Three Cochliobolus Phytopathogens Lacking the Sfp-Type 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Ppt1." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 10 (October 2015): 1130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-15-0068-r.

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The Sfp-type 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase Ppt1 is required for activation of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, including α-aminoadipate reductase (AAR) for lysine biosynthesis and polyketide synthases, enzymes that biosynthesize peptide and polyketide secondary metabolites, respectively. Deletion of the PPT1 gene, from the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus and the rice pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus, yielded strains that were significantly reduced in virulence to their hosts. In addition, ppt1 mutants of C. heterostrophus race T and Cochliobolus victoriae were unable to biosynthesize the host-selective toxins (HST) T-toxin and victorin, respectively, as judged by bioassays. Interestingly, ppt1 mutants of C. miyabeanus were shown to produce tenfold higher levels of the sesterterpene-type non-HST ophiobolin A, as compared with the wild-type strain. The ppt1 strains of all species were also reduced in tolerance to oxidative stress and iron depletion; both phenotypes are associated with inability to produce extracellular siderophores biosynthesized by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase Nps6. Colony surfaces were hydrophilic, a trait previously associated with absence of C. heterostrophus Nps4. Mutants were decreased in asexual sporulation and C. heterostrophus strains were female-sterile in sexual crosses; the latter phenotype was observed previously with mutants lacking Nps2, which produces an intracellular siderophore. As expected, mutants were albino, since they cannot produce the polyketide melanin and were auxotrophic for lysine because they lack an AAR.
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Duarte, Diana, and Nuno Vale. "How Antimalarials and Antineoplastic Drugs can Interact in Combination Therapies: A Perspective on the Role of PPT1 Enzyme." Current Drug Metabolism 22, no. 13 (November 2021): 1009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200222666211118114057.

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: Antimalarial drugs from different classes have demonstrated anticancer effects in different types of cancer cells, but their complete mode of action in cancer remains unknown. Recently, several studies reported the important role of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), a lysosomal enzyme, as the molecular target of chloroquine and its derivates in cancer. It was also found that PPT1 is overexpressed in different types of cancer, such as breast, colon, etc. Our group has found a synergistic interaction between antimalarial drugs, such as mefloquine, artesunate and chloroquine and antineoplastic drugs in breast cancer cells, but the mechanism of action was not determined. Here, we describe the importance of autophagy and lysosomal inhibitors in tumorigenesis and hypothesize that other antimalarial agents besides chloroquine could also interact with PPT1 and inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, an important pathway in cancer progression. We believe that PPT1 inhibition results in changes in the lysosomal metabolism that result in less accumulation of antineoplastic drugs in lysosomes, which increases the bioavailability of the antineoplastic agents. Taken together, these mechanisms help to explain the synergism of antimalarial and antineoplastic agents in cancer cells.
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Yuan, Wei, Liaoxun Lu, Muding Rao, Yang Huang, Chun-e. Liu, Shuang Liu, Yue Zhao, et al. "GFAP hyperpalmitoylation exacerbates astrogliosis and neurodegenerative pathology in PPT1-deficient mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 13 (March 22, 2021): e2022261118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022261118.

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The homeostasis of protein palmitoylation and depalmitoylation is essential for proper physiological functions in various tissues, in particular the central nervous system (CNS). The dysfunction of PPT1 (PPT1-KI, infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis [INCL] mouse model), which catalyze the depalmitoylation process, results in serious neurodegeneration accompanied by severe astrogliosis in the brain. Endeavoring to determine critical factors that might account for the pathogenesis in CNS by palm-proteomics, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was spotted, indicating that GFAP is probably palmitoylated. Questions concerning if GFAP is indeed palmitoylated in vivo and how palmitoylation of GFAP might participate in neural pathology remain unexplored and are waiting to be investigated. Here we show that GFAP is readily palmitoylated in vitro and in vivo; specifically, cysteine-291 is the unique palmitoylated residue in GFAP. Interestingly, it was found that palmitoylated GFAP promotes astrocyte proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that PPT1 depalmitoylates GFAP, and the level of palmitoylated GFAP is overwhelmingly up-regulated in PPT1-knockin mice, which lead us to speculate that the elevated level of palmitoylated GFAP might accelerate astrocyte proliferation in vivo and ultimately led to astrogliosis in INCL. Indeed, blocking palmitoylation by mutating cysteine-291 into alanine in GFAP attenuate astrogliosis, and remarkably, the concurrent neurodegenerative pathology in PPT1-knockin mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that hyperpalmitoylated GFAP plays critical roles in regulating the pathogenesis of astrogliosis and neurodegeneration in the CNS, and most importantly, pinpointing that cysteine-291 in GFAP might be a valuable pharmaceutical target for treating INCL and other potential neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PPT1"

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Vilímek, Hynek. "Převod PPTX do HTML." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255407.

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PowerPoint is an excellent tool for creating presentations and people are accustomed to using it. Its only handicap is that it is not installed everywhere and it exists in numerous versions. But there is an application that is installed almost everywhere and that application is the web browser. This work aims to create the PowerPoint presentation viewer for the web browser. With the internet as the environment, it may have a wide range of applications from the content sharing point of view. The solution is a web application that allows to upload the PowerPoint file and then the application displays the content of the file. The application also offers functionality such as navigation between slides and full-screen mode. The rendered slides in the web browser are very similar to the slides in PowerPoint. It does not support advanced features, but it supports displaying text, pictures, video and audio. Further, it supports basic styling options such as colours, margins, position and line height.
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Anzi, C. "Pattern di espressione del gene Ppi1 e analisi di mutanti ppi1 e ppi 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/61194.

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The proton pump interactor (Ppi) gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana: expression pattern of Ppi1 and characterisation of knockout mutants for Ppi1 and 2. Plant plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PM H+-ATPase) are essential for establishing a proton electrochemical gradient across the cell plasma membrane. Their regulation is poorly understood, except for the role of 14-3-3 proteins, which relieve autoinhibition from the C-terminal domain. A novel protein interacting with this domain was recently identified in Arabidopsis and named PPI1 (Proton Pump Interactor 1). PPI1 stimulates PM H+-ATPase activity in vitro. Here, we analyse the expression pattern of Ppi1 using b-glucuronidase as a reporter. Expression is strong in root and shoot vascular systems, particularly in meristematic and sink tissues, as well as in pollen, stigmas and siliques, but not in developing embryos. Removal of the first intron decreased GUS expression 45-fold. We also analysed the transcription of Ppi2, another gene in the family, and demonstrated that Ppi2 is expressed in seedlings, cultured cells and flowers. Insertional mutants for both Ppi1 and Ppi2 were isolated. Two different mutants of Ppi1 showed aberrant mRNAs and lacked any detectable protein and are therefore true knockouts. At the plant level, neither of the single mutants nor the double ppi1ppi2 mutant showed an altered phenotype in standard growth conditions under acid load or salt stress.
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Soler, David C. "The PP1 gamma isoforms restore spermatogenesis but not fertility in PP1 gamma null mice." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1259087463.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 17, 2010). Advisor: Srinivasan Vijayaraghavan. Keywords: sperm; spermatogenesis; PP1gamma2; PP1gamma1; mice; transgene. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-123).
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Gregório, Luís Korrodi Mineiro Marques. "Characterization of PPP1 interacting proteins in male reproduction." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7826.

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Doutoramento em Bioquímica
A fosforilação reversível de proteínas é um importante mecanismo de controlo em eucariotas. A fosfoproteína fosfatase 1 (PPP1) é uma fosfatase de serina/treonina envolvida em vários processos celulares. Existem três isoformas da subunidade catalítica (α/CA, δ/β/CB e γ/CC) com pequenas diferenças nos terminais amino e carboxílico. O gene PPP1CC sofre ainda splicing alternativo para produzir duas isoformas, a PPP1CC1 ubíqua e a PPP1CC2 enriquecida em testículo e específica de esperma. A localização e especificidade de substratos da PPP1 está dependente da formação de complexos oligoméricos com proteínas que interagem com a PPP1 (PIPs). O objetivo principal desta tese foi estudar novas PIPs, específicas de testículo e esperma, a fim de melhor caracterizar o papel desta fosfatase e dos respetivos complexos na reprodução em mamíferos. Com este fim, estudou-se a presença, localização e possíveis funções de uma PIP previamente conhecida, PPP1R2, e de duas novas PIPs, PPP1R2P3 e Tctex1d4. PPP1R2 e PPP1R2P3 estão presentes em esperma humano colocalizando com a PPP1CC2, na cabeça e na cauda. A hipótese é que as holoenzimas localizadas na cabeça terão um papel na reação acrossómica, enquanto que as holoenzimas presentes no axonema são relevantes para o controlo da motilidade flagelar. De seguida foram estudados os pseudogenes da PPP1R2, em termos de história evolutiva e de possíveis funções. Na espécie humana, a PPP1R2 tem 10 pseudogenes, 7 deles específicos de primatas. Estudos de bioinformática e dados de expressão mostram que os PPP1R2P1/P3/P9 são os pseudogenes com maior probabilidade de serem transcritos e traduzidos. Também identificámos o PPP1R2P9 em esperma humano e mostrámos que alguns pseudogenes poderão estar associados a estados fisiopatológicos. Isto indica que o processo de evolução poderá estar ligado á formação de novos genes ou ao controlo do mRNA da PPP1R2. A sobre-expressão da PPP1R2 ou PPP1R2P3 em testículo de ratinho também foi realizada, para caracterizar os mecanismos envolvidas na função dos complexos PPP1R2/PPP1R2P3-PPP1CC2 na espermatogénese e fisiologia dos espermatozoides. A dineína de cadeia leve, Tctex1d4, foi encontrada como interagindo com a PPP1C e como estando presente em testículo de ratinho e em esperma humano. Demonstrámos que a Tctex1d4 e a PPP1 colocalizam no centro organizador de microtúbulos e nos microtúbulos e que o motivo de ligação à PPP1 presente na Tctex1d4 parece ser importante para manter a PPP1 no centro organizador de microtúbulos e/ou para disromper ou atrasar o seu movimento ao longo dos microtúbulos emergentes. Estes resultados abrem novos caminhos para os possíveis papéis do complexo Tctex1d4-PPP1 na dinâmica dos microtúbulos, motilidade do esperma, reação acrossómica e na regulação da barreira hemato-testicular, provavelmente, através da via de sinalização do TGFß. A análise do motivo de ligação à PPP1 mostra que este é altamente conservado entre os mamíferos, com exceção das Pikas, sugerindo que esta perda aconteceu antes da radiação das Pikas, há 6-20 milhões de anos atrás. Através de um rastreio por mutações demonstrámos que a capacidade da Tctex1d4 se ligar à PPP1 é mantida nas Pikas, embora o motivo de ligação à PPP1 esteja disrompido. Este estudo abre portas para novas descobertas na área da reprodução mostrando o papel da PPP1CC2 na espermatogénese e fisiologia do esperma.
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is an important intracellular control mechanism in eukaryotes. Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 (PPP1) is a major serine/threonine protein phosphatase involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Three closely related catalytic subunit isoforms (/CA, δ//CB and /CC) exist with only minor differences at their N- and C-terminus. PPP1CC gene can also undergo tissue-specific processing to yield a ubiquitously expressed PPP1CC1 and the testis-enriched and sperm-specific PPP1CC2 isoforms. PPP1C exists in the cell as an oligomeric complex binding to a spectrum of PPP1 interacting proteins (PIPs), which modulate both its intracellular localization and substrate specificity. The main goal of this thesis was to study novel PIPs in testis and sperm, in order to further characterize the role of PPP1CC2 and the respective complexes in mammalian reproduction. To this end we addressed the presence, localization and putative roles of a previously known PIP, PPP1R2, in testis and sperm, and two novel PPP1CC2 testis/sperm specific PIPs, PPP1R2P3 and Tctex1d4. PPP1R2/PPP1R2P3 were shown to be present in human sperm co-localizing with PPP1CC2, in the head and tail. It was shown that PPP1R2P3 is a heat stable inhibitor of PPP1CC that cannot be phosphorylated by GSK3. We hypothesize that the holoenzymes localized in the head may have a role in the acrosome reaction while the axoneme bound holoenzymes are relevant for the control of flagellar motility. To further address the PPP1R2 significance, its pseudogenes were described in terms of evolutionary history and putative functions. In human specie, PPP1R2 has ten pseudogenes most of them primate-specific. Besides PPP1R2P3, bioinformatic studies and expression data show that PPP1R2P1, PPP1R2P2 and PPP1R2P9 are the pseudogenes with more probability of being transcribed and eventually translated. Moreover, we identified PPP1R2P9 in human sperm and showed that several pseudogenes appear to be associated with physiological and pathological states. This indicates that evolution processes might be in part related with the formation of new genes or in the control of the parental PPP1R2 message. Overexpression of human PPP1R2 or PPP1R2P3 in mouse testis was also pursued to provide the molecular tools to initiate the characterization of the mechanisms behind PPP1R2/PPP1CC2 and PPP1R2P3/PPP1CC2 role in spermatogenesis and sperm physiology. Dynein light chain, Tctex1d4, was found to bind to PPP1C and to be present in mouse testis and human sperm. Tctex1d4-PPP1CC complex was shown to co-localize in the microtubule organizing centre and in microtubules. Moreover, the Tctex1d4 PPP1 binding motif seems to be important to retain PPP1CC in the microtubule organizing centre, and also to disrupt or delay its movement along microtubules. These results open new avenues to the possible roles of Tctex1d4-PPP1 complex in microtubule dynamics, sperm motility, acrosome reaction and in regulation of the blood testis barrier possibly via TGFß signaling. Moreover, PPP1 binding motif is highly conserved among mammals, except in Pikas, suggesting that this event happened before the Pikas radiation, 6-20 Million years ago. Mutational screening shows that the ability of Tctex1d4 to bind to PPP1 is maintained in Pikas, although the PPP1 binding motif is disrupted. This work opens doors to new discoveries in male reproduction and unravels the roles of PPP1CC2 and its PIPs in spermatogenesis and sperm physiology.
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Sousa, Luís Miguel dos Santos. "TCTEX1D4 and PPP1: TGFß pathway and prostate cancer." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11571.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Molecular
T-complex testis expressed protein 1 domain containing 4 (TCTEX1D4) é uma cadeia leve de dineina que foi identificada como sendo uma proteína que interage com a PPP1. As funções específicas da TCTEX1D4 ainda permanecem desconhecidas mas a identificação dos seus interactores pode elucidar sobre as suas funções em sistemas biológicos. No interactoma da TCTEX1D4 merece particular destaque a presença de diversas proteínas associadas à via de sinalização do TGFβ e cuja desregulação se encontra associada ao cancro da próstata. Desta forma, foi objectivo deste trabalho avaliar a existência de TCTEX1D4 e do complexo TCTEX1D4-PPP1 em células de cancro da próstata, procurar desvendar o papel da TCTEX1D4 na via de sinalização do TGFβ e identificar eventuais alterações associadas à malginidade no cancro da próstata.
T-complex testis expressed protein 1 domain containing 4 (TCTEX1D4) is a dynein light chain that has been identified as interacting with PPP1. Whilst specific functions of TCTEX1D4 remain unclear, the identification of its interactors may help elucidating its biological function. Concerning to TCTEX1D4 interactome, the presence of several proteins of the TGFβ signaling pathway which deregulation is associated with prostate cancer is of particular interest. Thereof, it was purpose of this work to assess of existence of TCTEX1D4 and the TCTEX1D4-PPP1 complex in prostate cancer cells, clarify its role within the TGFβ signaling pathway and identify possible alterations during prostate cancer carcinogenesis.
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Chaudry, Tanya N. "Characterisation of PP71 homologues encoded by mammalian cytomegaloviruses." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/377/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Zhao, Yiqiang. "Functional Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US3 and pp71." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou995293805.

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Prechova, M. "Functional analysis of PP1 regulator Phactr1." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046874/.

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The Phosphatase and actin regulator (Phactr) protein family has been identified as a group of four proteins (Phactr1,2,3,4), interacting with Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) and G-actin. G-actin binding to Phactr1 RPEL motifs has been shown to sterically inhibit Phactr1 interaction with PP1 and its nuclear import. Members of the Phactr family are highly expressed in the nervous system and have been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration and angiogenesis. The molecular mechanism of their signalling is however not well understood. Here I show that Phactr1 functions as a novel regulatory subunit of PP1. Phactr1 contains several binding motifs typical of PP1 regulatory subunits, including an RVxF motif, located in the C-terminal part of Phactr1, partially overlapping with the G-actin binding RPEL motif. Phactr1 binding leaves the PP1 active site accessible for substrates, blocks one of the substrate-binding grooves and creates a highly basic pocket along the PP1 hydrophobic substrate binding groove, thereby defining Phactr1-PP1 specific protein substrates for dephosphorylation. A phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that activation of Phactr1-PP1 complex formation leads to the dephosphorylation of several cytoskeletal proteins (such as IRSp53 and Afadin), leading to rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. Induction of Phactr1-PP1 interaction leads to the formation of aberrant actomyosin structures in fibroblasts. The converse phenotype could be induced by non-PP1-binding Phactr1 mutant expression, leading to the formation of long cytoplasmic extensions. In neurons, Phactr1 was enriched in dendritic spines and activation of Phactr1-PP1 complex formation led to changes in dendritic spine morphology. Moreover, I show that Phactr1 L519R mutation, that has been implicated in epilepsy, decreases Phactr1 affinity to G-actin, and thus indirectly activates Phactr1 interaction with PP1. All this suggests that Phactr1 targets PP1 to dephosphorylate specific cytoskeletal proteins, leading to changes in the actin cytoskeleton, which in neurons modulates dendritic spine morphology, leading to changes in neuronal signalling.
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Broad, William. "Elucidating the function of the suppressor of ppi1 locus 2." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81cb5fb1-e735-453c-9c4b-332a5aa16b27.

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Fox, Helen. "PP1 localisation and function during fungal morphogenesis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327586.

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Books on the topic "PPT1"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. PPT thrust stand. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. PPT thrust stand. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Initiative PPTE, quels enjeux pour l'Afrique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005.

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Muniz, Fernandes Ricardo, and Filho Antunes, eds. PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4, PP5--. São Paulo: SESC São Paulo, 2004.

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Bie gao su wo ni dong PPT. Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Xin shou xue Word/Excel/PPT 2016. Beijing Shi: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2017.

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NA. Explo Microsft Acc Comprev& XCL& Ppt1& Tait Pk. Addison Wesley Longman, 2006.

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NA. Exp Microsf XCL Comp REV&Acc Comp&ppt1&tait. Addison Wesley Longman, 2006.

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NA. Go with Microsf03 Wd1&xcl1&ppt1&tait&acc Br. Addison Wesley Longman, 2006.

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NA. Go Microsft Off Wrd3& Ppt3 Brf& Phit Wrd& Ppt. Addison Wesley Longman, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "PPT1"

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Andreeva, Nadeshda, Lidia Lichko, Ludmila Trilisenko, Ivan V. Kulakovskiy, and Tatiana Kulakovskaya. "Yeast Polyphosphatases PPX1 and PPN1: Properties, Functions, and Localization." In Inorganic Polyphosphates in Eukaryotic Cells, 15–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41073-9_2.

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Peseschkian, Nossrat, Klaus Jork, and Hermes Andreas Kick. "Positive Psychotherapie (PPT)." In Wörterbuch der Psychotherapie, 521. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99131-2_1401.

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Steiner, G., and C. Zimmerer. "Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA)." In Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts – Definitions and Physical Properties I, 688–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32072-9_72.

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Lu, Xu, Zhenhua Duan, Cong Tian, and Hongjin Liu. "Integrating Separation Logic with PPTL." In Structured Object-Oriented Formal Language and Method, 35–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04915-1_3.

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Boduszek, Daniel, Agata Debowska, and Dominic Willmott. "Psychopathic Personality Traits Model (PPTM)." In Routledge International Handbook of Psychopathy and Crime, 216–24. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315111476-14.

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Martins, Filipa, Joana B. Serrano, Ana M. Marafona, Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva, and Sandra Rebelo. "Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 4222–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101767.

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Neumann, Norbert J., and Percy Lehmann. "Der Photopatch-Test (PPT)." In Photodermatosen, 42–47. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12686-8_11.

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Tura i Brugués, Jordi. "PPT Entangled Symmetric States." In Springer Theses, 37–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49571-2_3.

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Martins, Filipa, Joana B. Serrano, Ana M. Marafona, Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva, and Sandra Rebelo. "Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101767-1.

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Horst, Matthias, Martin Grothe, Tibor Jager, and Jörg Schwenk. "Breaking PPTP VPNs via RADIUS Encryption." In Cryptology and Network Security, 159–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48965-0_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "PPT1"

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Balk, L. David, and Ann Kedia. "PPT." In the 22nd international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/337180.337187.

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Lin, Chung-Hsiang, Chia-Lin Yang, and Ku-Jei King. "PPT." In the 14th ACM/IEEE international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1594233.1594255.

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Arafa, Yehia, Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy, Gopinath Chennupati, Nandakishore Santhi, and Stephan Eidenbenz. "PPT-GPU." In MEMSYS '18: The International Symposium on Memory Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3240302.3270315.

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Zhu, Weijun. "PPTL model checking for blockchains." In 2020 IEEE 5th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itoec49072.2020.9141824.

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Haag, Thomas. "PPT thrust stand." In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2917.

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Lu, Xu, Cong Tian, and Zhenhua Duan. "Temporalising Separation Logic for Planning with Search Control Knowledge." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/162.

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Temporal logics are widely adopted in Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning for specifying Search Control Knowledge (SCK). However, traditional temporal logics are limited in expressive power since they are unable to express spatial constraints which are as important as temporal ones in many planning domains. To this end, we propose a two-dimensional (spatial and temporal) logic namely PPTL^SL by temporalising separation logic with Propositional Projection Temporal Logic (PPTL). The new logic is well-suited for specifying SCK containing both spatial and temporal constraints which are useful in AI planning. We show that PPTL^SL is decidable and present a decision procedure. With this basis, a planner namely S-TSolver for computing plans based on the spatio-temporal SCK expressed in PPTL^SL formulas is developed. Evaluation on some selected benchmark domains shows the effectiveness of S-TSolver.
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Iftikhar, Hammad, Hafiz M. Shoaib Ahmad, and Muhammad Shaheer Naqqash. "Numerical Performance Prediction of PPTC Propeller." In 2020 17th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast47879.2020.9044493.

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Antropov, N., I. Krivonosov, G. Popov, and A. Rudikov. "PPT model experimental refinement." In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2728.

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Ng, Tang-Tat. "PPT Fuel with Reinforcements." In Ninth Biennial Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40722(153)80.

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Ganguly, Priya, and Prachi M. Joshi. "IPPTGen-intelligent PPT generator." In 2016 International Conference on Computing, Analytics and Security Trends (CAST). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cast.2016.7914947.

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Reports on the topic "PPT1"

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Hamzeh, K., G. Pall, W. Verthein, J. Taarud, W. Little, and G. Zorn. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP). RFC Editor, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2637.

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Poston, David. Pulsed Plasma Transit System (PPTS) Shield Scoping. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1159086.

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Mercer, Brian Scott. Molecular Dynamics Modeling of PPTA Crystals in Aramid Fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1254392.

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SGC, Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Boletín Geológico Volumen 41, 1-3 pp1-123, 2006 / Bogotá, D.C.-. Bogotá: Servicio Geológico Colombiano, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32685/10.143.2006.705.

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Burton, Travis A. Exhaust Plume Characterization of a Mini-PPT Using a Time-of-Flight/Gridded Energy Analyzer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404972.

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Spanjers, Greg, and R. A. Spores. PPT Research at AFRL: Material Probes to Measure the Magnetic Field Distribution in a Pulsed Plasma Thruster. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408109.

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Messing, Alan W., Lisa M. Ramirez, and Thomas Fox. The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Document Technologies Available to Clean Brackish Waters to 50 PPT TBT Levels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454725.

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McAlpin, Jennifer, and Cassandra Ross. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Channel Improvement Project (ECIP) numerical modeling report : BABUS cell and Bird Island analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41581.

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The Houston Ship Channel (HSC) is one of the busiest deep-draft navigation channels in the United States and must be able to accommodate increasing vessel sizes. The US Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG), requested the Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, perform hydrodynamic and sediment modeling of proposed modifications in Galveston and Trinity Bays and along the HSC. The modeling results are necessary to provide data for hydrodynamic, salinity, and sediment transport analysis. SWG provided three project alternatives that include closing Rollover Pass, Bay Aquatic Beneficial Use System cells, Bird Islands, and HSC modifications. These alternatives and a Base (existing condition) will be simulated for present (2029) and future (2079) conditions. The results of these alternatives/conditions as compared to the Base are presented in this report. The model shows that the mean salinity varies by 2–3 ppt due to the HSC channel modifications and by approximately 5 ppt in the area of East Bay due to the closure of Rollover Pass. The tidal prism increases by 2.5% to 5% in the alternatives. The tidal amplitudes change by less than 0.01 m. The residual velocity vectors vary in and around areas where project modifications are made.
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Stromer, Bobbi, Anthony Bednar, Milo Janjic, Scott Becker, Tamara Kylloe, John Allen, Matt Trapani, John Hargrove, and James Hargrove. Trace explosives detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41520.

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We built three successive versions of a thermal decomposition cavity ring-down spectrometer and tested their response to explosives. These explosive compound analyzers successfully detected nitroglycerine, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythryl tetranitrate, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine and triacetone triperoxide (TATP). We determined the pathlength and limits of detection for each, with the best limit of detection being 13 parts per trillion (ppt) of TNT. For most of the explosive tests, the peak height was higher than the expected value, meaning that peroxy radical chain propagation was occurring with each of the explosives and not just the peroxide TATP.
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Chen, Gengbin, Tuo Lin, Manfeng Wu, Guiyuan Cai, Qian Ding, Jiayue Xu, Wanqi Li, Cheng Wu, Hongying Chen, and Yue Lan. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper-limb and finger function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0121.

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Review question / Objective: P:Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with stroke based on relevant clinical examination; I:Intervention group with rTMS alone or in combination with other treatments with rTMS; C:Control group received sham treatment or no rTMS; O: Upper extremity function:the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE); Hand function:box and block test(BBT), nine-hole peg test(NHPT), and Purdue pegboard test(PPT); S:Randomized controlled trials (rather than crossover designs). Condition being studied: In Europe, more than 1 million new cases of stroke are reported each year. The absolute number of stroke patients is expected to increase in the near future due to the progressive aging of the population. Approximately 50-80% of stroke survivors present with upper extremity dysfunction. Recovery of upper extremity function is associated with improvements in activities of daily living and mental health. However, few stroke survivors show full recovery of upper extremity function 6 months after stroke. In addition, rehabilitation has a limited impact on the recovery of hand motor function.
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