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Leesombun, Arpron, Ladawan Sariya, Jarupha Taowan, Chowalit Nakthong, Orathai Thongjuy, and Sookruetai Boonmasawai. "Natural Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Ethanolic Extracts from Punica granatum L. Tree Barks Mediated by Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase." Plants 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172258.
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The nonedible parts of the pomegranate plant, such as tree barks and fruit peels, have pharmacological properties that are useful in traditional medicine. To increase their value, this study aimed to compare the antioxidative and antibacterial effects of ethanolic extracts from pomegranate barks (PBE) and peels (PPE). The antiproliferative effects on HeLa and HepG2 cells through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway were also evaluated. The results indicated that the total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids of PBE and PPE were 574.64 and 242.60 mg equivalent gallic acid/g sample and 52.98 and 23.08 mg equivalent quercetin/g sample, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed that 5-hdroxymethylfurfural was the major component of both PBE (23.76%) and PPE (33.19%). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging capacities of PBE and PPE, in terms of the IC50 value, were 4.1 and 9.6 µg/mL, respectively. PBE had a greater potent antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium. PBE and PPE (1000 µg/mL) had exhibited no cytotoxic effects on LLC-MK2. PBE and PPE (250 and 1000 µg/mL, respectively) treatments were safe for BHK-21. Both extracts significantly inhibited HepG2 and HeLa cell proliferations at 10 and 50 µg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). The results indicated that PBE and PPE have remarkable efficiencies as free radical scavengers and antibacterial agents, with PBE exhibiting greater efficiency. The inhibitory effects on HepG2 might be through the modulation of the ERK1/2 expression. PBE and PPE have the potential for use as optional supplementary antioxidative, antibacterial, and anticancer agents.
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EL-Aguel, Asma, Rosamaria Pennisi, Antonella Smeriglio, Imen Kallel, Maria Pia Tamburello, Manuela D’Arrigo, Davide Barreca, et al. "Punica granatum Peel and Leaf Extracts as Promising Strategies for HSV-1 Treatment." Viruses 14, no. 12 (November 26, 2022): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122639.
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Punica granatum is a rich source of bioactive compounds which exhibit various biological effects. In this study, pomegranate peel and leaf ethanolic crude extracts (PPE and PLE, respectively) were phytochemically characterized and screened for antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activity. LC-PDA-ESI-MS analysis led to the identification of different compounds, including ellagitannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The low IC50 values, obtained by DPPH and FRAP assays, showed a noticeable antioxidant effect of PPE and PLE comparable to the reference standards. Both crude extracts and their main compounds (gallic acid, ellagic acid and punicalagin) were not toxic on Vero cells and exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) viral plaques formation. Specifically, PPE inhibited HSV-1 adsorption to the cell surface more than PLE. Indeed, the viral DNA accumulation, the transcription of viral genes and the expression of viral proteins were significantly affected by PPE treatment. Amongst the compounds, punicalagin, which is abundant in PPE crude extract, inhibited HSV-1 replication, reducing viral DNA and transcripts accumulation, as well as proteins of all three phases of the viral replication cascade. In contrast, no antibacterial activity was detected. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Punica granatum peel and leaf extracts, especially punicalagin, could be a promising therapeutic candidate against HSV-1.
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Bhamra, Navdeep, Keshav Gupta, Jonathan Lee, Shams Al-Hity, Karan Jolly, and Adnan Darr. "Personal protective equipment: knowledge of the guidance." British Journal of Nursing 30, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.1.16.
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Background: On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The unpredictable nature of transmission of COVID-19 requires a meticulous understanding of guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE) as published by WHO and Public Health England (PHE). Aim: To assess perceived confidence and knowledge of PHE guidance relating to PPE by nursing staff. Methods: A nationwide survey was disseminated between May and June 2020 through social media platforms as well as internal mail via regulatory bodies and individual hospital trusts. Results: Data were collated from 339 nurses. Perceived confidence as measured on a Likert scale was a mode score of 3/5, with the average score for knowledge-based questions being 5/10. Of the respondents, 47% cited insufficient training on PPE guidance, and 84% advocated further training. Conclusions: Unifying published PPE guidance and ensuring consistency in training can improve awareness, confidence, and knowledge among nursing staff.
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Gordan, Lucio N., Basit Iqbal Chaudhry, Maen A. Hussein, Nora Connor, Andrew Yue, Michael Diaz, T. R. Strickland, Lisa Tran, and Nathan Walcker. "Practice transformation at scale through a microsystems quality improvement (QI) approach." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18667-e18667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18667.
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e18667 Background: How oncology providers should implement practice transformation for value-based care is unclear, particularly at scale. Organizational size enables efficient “top down” approaches, but also presents challenges such as physician engagement. Dis-economies of scale can be acute in oncology due to physician autonomy and coordination costs. We hypothesized that organizational change based in sense-making models that enhance physician engagement and use a decentralized, iterative microsystems approach will enable practice transformation to scale. Methods: Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute (FCS) is a physician led 250-oncologist statewide practice, with regional variation in disease state/mix, patient cohort, etc., making a purely top-down approach to organizational change infeasible. FCS prototyped a transformation strategy starting in June 2017 based on sharing interpreted data with physician and executive leadership. Later implementation directly engaged physicians in a microsystems quality QI strategy focused on regional performance. Interventions targeted disease, health service utilization, location, and individual physicians. Performance was evaluated using data from Medicare’s Oncology Care Model (OCM) and assessed using the one-sided risk target (4% below benchmark). We analyzed 70,239 performance period (PP) episodes at FCS across 35,116 patients. Results: In the pre- intervention period (90% of PP1 episodes, completed by June 2017), FCS was 5.8% above target. Performance was 10.9% above target for the remainder of PP1 (10% of PP1 episodes), then improved to 0.3% above target in PP2 and PP3, and below target by 0.9%, 0.8%, and 0.75% in PP4, PP5, and PP6. Early QI efforts focused on performance in lung cancer, which was 2.5% over target in PP1; it improved to 2.1% under target in PP6. Later regional QI sessions targeted cancer, utilization and providers. Pre-intervention, all 18 regions were above target; by PP6, 11 out of 19 regions were below target. Relative to the pre-intervention period, per-episode inpatient costs increased by 12.1% for the remainder of PP1 and increased by 4.3% and 1.3% in PP2 and PP6; inpatient costs decreased in PP3, PP4, and PP5 by 3.8%, 2.4% and 4.8%. Conclusions: Practice transformation in oncology can achieve scale through models of organizational change that foster physician engagement. Data, when clinically contextualized, is a foundational tool in the sense-making process. Scale can develop through an additive microsystems approach in which QI units are de-centralized, accountability is defined, and iteration becomes part of organizational culture. [Table: see text]
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García, Paula, Carolina Fredes, Inés Cea, Jesús Lozano-Sánchez, Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez, Paz Robert, Cristina Vergara, and Paula Jimenez. "Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction." Foods 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020203.
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Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a clean and environmentally friendly alternative for the recovery of bioactive compounds from fruit by-products. Herein we focused on PLE for the extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel using a combination of pressurized water and ethanol. The main aim was to determine the optimal PLE conditions, i.e., ethanol percentage and process temperature, to obtain a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with maximum total phenolic content (TPC), punicalagin content, and antimicrobial activity (AMA). The experimental design was conducted using a central composite design with axial points. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the response variables using the desirability function. Multiple response optimization indicated a process temperature of 200 °C and ethanol of 77% as optimal conditions. The TPC and the punicalagin content of PPE-PLE obtained under optimal conditions were 164.3 ± 10.7 mg GAE/g DW and 17 ± 3.6 mg/g DW, respectively. Our findings support the efficacy of PLE on TPC recovery but not in punicalagin recovery. The AMA against S. aureus was 14 mm. The efficacy of PPE-PLE in food applications must continue to be studied in order to achieve adequate information on its potential for developing new food additives.
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Ferro, R. T., and T. K. Bond. "THE PPE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, Supplement 1 (May 2003): S313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-01734.
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Williams, J. "Enhanced PPE?" British Dental Journal 228, no. 9 (May 2020): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1587-6.
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Sahni, V. "PPE update." British Dental Journal 229, no. 9 (November 2020): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2357-1.
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D’Cruz, Len. "PPE or not PPE - that is the question." British Dental Journal 228, no. 10 (May 2020): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1639-y.
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KATAYOSE, Teruo. "Thermosetting PPE Resin." Kobunshi 47, no. 4 (1998): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.47.259.
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Merchan, Alejandro, and V. J. Clemente-Suárez. "Psychophysiological modifications in an assault infantry manoeuvre using a chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear personal protective equipment." BMJ Military Health 166, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2019-001166.
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IntroductionThe study of the psychophysiological response during combat actions has been poorly researched despite its importance for warfighter training and specific instruction. The aim of the present investigation was to analyse the effect of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear personal protective equipment (PPE) on the psychophysiological response, mechanical and physical load and fine motor skills of professional soldiers in an endurance infantry manoeuvre.Methods16 soldiers conducted an assault manoeuvre with and without the PEE in separate days. We analysed before and after the manoeuvre the psychophysiological response, fine motor skills, shooting test accuracy and anxiety state.ResultsThe use of PPE produced significantly higher (p<0.05) stress, fatigue, temperature, HR, somatic anxiety and time in middle and high HR zones and significantly lower values in speed average and maximum speed. These findings can be used to improve the training and specific instruction for professionals who require the use of PPE equipment.ConclusionThe use of the PPE suit in an assault manoeuvre produces a decrease in the speed of movement, an increase in HR, body temperature, somatic anxiety and subjective perception of effort.
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Barcala-Furelos, Roberto, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez, Alejandra Alonso-Calvete, Francisco Cano-Noguera, Aida Carballo-Fazanes, Santiago Martínez-Isasi, and Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez. "Safe On-Boat Resuscitation by Lifeguards in COVID-19 Era: A Pilot Study Comparing Three Sets of Personal Protective Equipment." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x2100011x.
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AbstractIntroduction:On-boat resuscitation can be applied by lifeguards in an inflatable rescue boat (IRB). Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), prehospital care procedures need to be re-evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine how the use of PPE influences the amount of preparation time needed before beginning actual resuscitation and the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; QCPR) on an IRB.Methods:Three CPR tests were performed by 14 lifeguards, in teams of two, wearing different PPE: (1) Basic PPE (B-PPE): gloves, a mask, and protective glasses; (2) Full PPE (F-PPE): B-PPE + a waterproof apron; and (3) Basic PPE + plastic blanket (B+PPE). On-boat resuscitation using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter was performed sailing at 20km/hour.Results:Using B-PPE takes less time and is significantly faster than F-PPE (B-PPE 17 [SD = 2] seconds versus F-PPE 69 [SD = 17] seconds; P = .001), and the use of B+PPE is slightly higher (B-PPE 17 [SD = 2] seconds versus B+PPE 34 [SD = 6] seconds; P = .002). The QCPR remained similar in all three scenarios (P >.05), reaching values over 79%.Conclusion:The use of PPE during on-board resuscitation is feasible and does not interfere with quality when performed by trained lifeguards. The use of a plastic blanket could be a quick and easy alternative to offer extra protection to lifeguards during CPR on an IRB.
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Kwon, Jennie H., Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Kimberly A. Reske, Stephen Y. Liang, Tiffany Hink, Meghan A. Wallace, Angela Shupe, et al. "Assessment of Healthcare Worker Protocol Deviations and Self-Contamination During Personal Protective Equipment Donning and Doffing." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 9 (June 13, 2017): 1077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.121.
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OBJECTIVETo evaluate healthcare worker (HCW) risk of self-contamination when donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) using fluorescence and MS2 bacteriophage.DESIGNProspective pilot study.SETTINGTertiary-care hospital.PARTICIPANTSA total of 36 HCWs were included in this study: 18 donned/doffed contact precaution (CP) PPE and 18 donned/doffed Ebola virus disease (EVD) PPE.INTERVENTIONSHCWs donned PPE according to standard protocols. Fluorescent liquid and MS2 bacteriophage were applied to HCWs. HCWs then doffed their PPE. After doffing, HCWs were scanned for fluorescence and swabbed for MS2. MS2 detection was performed using reverse transcriptase PCR. The donning and doffing processes were videotaped, and protocol deviations were recorded.RESULTSOverall, 27% of EVD PPE HCWs and 50% of CP PPE HCWs made ≥1 protocol deviation while donning, and 100% of EVD PPE HCWs and 67% of CP PPE HCWs made ≥1 protocol deviation while doffing (P=.02). The median number of doffing protocol deviations among EVD PPE HCWs was 4, versus 1 among CP PPE HCWs. Also, 15 EVD PPE protocol deviations were committed by doffing assistants and/or trained observers. Fluorescence was detected on 8 EVD PPE HCWs (44%) and 5 CP PPE HCWs (28%), most commonly on hands. MS2 was recovered from 2 EVD PPE HCWs (11%) and 3 CP PPE HCWs (17%).CONCLUSIONSProtocol deviations were common during both EVD and CP PPE doffing, and some deviations during EVD PPE doffing were committed by the HCW doffing assistant and/or the trained observer. Self-contamination was common. PPE donning/doffing are complex and deserve additional study.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1077–1083
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Abdul Latif, Hasniah. "Clinical Characteristics, Predictors and Outcome of Children with Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion: A Single Centre Experience." Medicine & Health 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mh.2021.1601.11.
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Parapneumonic effusions (PPE) is a complication of bacterial pneumonia. Factors that contribute to complicated PPE remain uncertain. This study was aimed to describe the characteristics, clinical predictors and outcome of children with parapneumonic effusion (PPE) in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A retrospective study on children with PPE who were admitted to UKMMC between January 2010 to December 2017 was conducted. Patients were categorised into 2 groups: simple and complicated PPE. Of 45 patients recruited, 20 (44.4%) patients had simple PPE and 25 (55.6%) had complicated PPE. Their median age was 32 months (IQR 16-63). The most common isolated organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (61.9%), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (19.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4.8%). Only 11.1% of patients received pneumococcal vaccination. There was no statistical significant difference in clinical features between simple and complicated PPE. Only 62.2% patients had ultrasound thorax done. Majority (95.0%) of patients with simple PPE were successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics alone. Sixty percent of patients with complicated PPE needed surgical intervention. Mean length of hospital stay for simple PPE was 10 (4.0) days and complicated PPE was 28 (16.5) days. In conclusion, clinical features could not predict complicated PPE. Use of ultrasound thorax as the main investigation tool for diagnosis and staging should be emphasised. Antibiotics therapy alone is effective therapy for simple PPE, while in complicated PPE, larger prospective studies are required to investigate which children benefit significantly from more intensive intervention.
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Reddy, Sujan C., Amy L. Valderrama, and David T. Kuhar. "Improving the Use of Personal Protective Equipment: Applying Lessons Learned." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_3 (September 13, 2019): S165—S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz619.
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Abstract Unrecognized transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings can lead to colonization and infection of both patients and healthcare personnel. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important strategy to protect healthcare personnel from contamination and to prevent the spread of pathogens to subsequent patients. However, optimal PPE use is difficult, and healthcare personnel may alter delivery of care because of the PPE. Here, we summarize recent research from the Prevention Epicenters Program on healthcare personnel contamination and improvement of the routine use of PPE as well as Ebola-specific PPE. Future efforts to optimize the use of PPE should include increasing adherence to protocols for PPE use, improving PPE design, and further research into the risks, benefits, and best practices of PPE use.
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Luthfiyah, Fety 'Izza. "KEPATUHAN TENAGA KERJA DALAM MENGGUNAKAN APD." Medical Technology and Public Health Journal 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mtphj.v3i1.664.
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Workers when at working area must use (Personal Protective Equipment) PPE, even though the company has implemented technical controls and administrative controls. But, use of PPE at work is still not good. The purpose of this study was to analyse the compliance of workers in using PPE in production department of PT X. this study was an descriptive observational study with a cross sectional study design. The total study population was 30 people with total sampling. Data were by means as of questionnaire. The result of the study were the average age and length of work of workers in production department of PT X were µ = 29,47 ± 4,99 years old and µ = 7,9 ± 3,96 years. Workers in production department of PT X 60% use PPE and 40% not use PPE. The factor that influence compliance with PPE use was comfort of PPE and factors that don’t affect compliance with PPE use were availability of PPE, PPE training, and supervision of PPE. It is recommended for the company need to approach individually to the workers and need to implement a reward policy.
Keywords: compliance, PPE, worker, factors
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Guseva Canu, Irina, Ségolène Faust, Pierre Canioni, Philippe Collomb, Eric Samson, and Dominique Laurier. "Attitude Towards Personal Protective Equipment in the French Nuclear Fuel Industry." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-64-2013-2289.
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This descriptive cross-sectional study examines the compliance of workers from the European Gaseous Diffusion Uranium Enrichment Consortium (EURODIF) with personal protection equipment (PPE) in view of the various hazards in the nuclear fuel industry. The PPE inventory was drawn up by an industrial hygienist in charge of the PPE at EURODIF. Two hundred and twenty seven (10 %) randomly selected, active and retired, EURODIF workers filled in a questionnaire on their attitudes towards PPE. Exposure data from the EURODIF job exposure matrix were used to examine whether PPE usage varies according to exposure level. The study suggests a PPE usage profile that varies depending on the hazards present and PPE available. Anti-uranium PPE and gloves were among the best rated, while anti-spray goggles were the least used. We found that, for most hazards known to cause cancer or irreversible health damage, PPE usage varied according to exposure (homogeneity test, p<0.05; trend test, p<0.05). The continuous use of PPE among workers should be encouraged through improvements to the PPE management system. A precise model of individual exposure can only be designed if the use and efficiency of PPE are taken into consideration.
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Braun, Curt C., and Jason W. Foust. "Behavioral Response to the Presence of Personal Protective Equipment: Implications for Risk Compensation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 15 (October 1998): 1058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201501.
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The current study examined the relationship between personal protective equipment (PPE) and compensatory behavior. One hundred ten undergraduate students acted as novice soccer goalies and were randomly placed in one of three groups: with PPE, without PPE, and with/without PPE. Risk was assessed by measuring the distance between a soccer kicker and the goalie. Participants in the first two groups who received only one PPE condition placed the kicker at similar distances. Participants in group three who experienced both PPE conditions moved the kicker significantly closer when PPE was provided. Although the difference between the PPE conditions in group three was significant, only half of the participants in this group moved the kicker closer when PPE was provided. These findings are consistent with previous studies (Streff and Geller, 1988; Stetzer and Hoffman, 1996) and support the idea that PPE produces compensatory behavior in some individuals.
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Beaulieu, Ronald M., Joanna Kimball, Samuel S. Bailin, Michael Lowry, Jennifer A. Werthman, Erin Gettler, Chelsea Gorsline, et al. "1130. Optimizing Use of COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment among Resident Physicians at a Veterans Affairs Hospital." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1316.
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Abstract Background Correct personal protective equipment (PPE) use is key to prevent infection. Observations on a single unit at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (TVHS) prior to COVID-19 (October 2019-February 2020) showed low rates of correct PPE use among healthcare workers (HCWs) (Figure 1). In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, the VA implemented new PPE protocols. Based on our initial observations, we were concerned that incorrect use of PPE may increase the risk of COVID-19 exposure among HCWs. Resident physicians, who work at many sites, may be at high-risk for incorrect PPE use due to rapid turnover and limited site-specific PPE training. We aimed to assess and improve COVID-19 PPE use among internal medicine residents rotating at the VA TVHS. Figure 1: Pre-COVID-19 Observations of Adherence to Contact Precaution Protocols at the Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Methods We used the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) model. Prior to starting VA rotations, residents were emailed PPE education to review. We implemented a 1-hour video conference PPE protocol review at rotation start followed by in-person PPE use evaluations for residents performed by infectious diseases fellows on day 2 and day 5-6 post-review to provide just-in-time educational intervention. Errors at each PPE don/doff step were tracked. Correct PPE use data from both observations were compared using McNemar’s test. Baseline and post-implementation resident surveys assessed PPE use knowledge and comfort. Results Pre-implementation survey response rate was 72% (21/29); 19/21(91%) reported knowing which PPE to use and 16/21(76%) reported knowing how to safely don/doff PPE. Twenty of 29 (69%) residents completed both observations. Errors decreased by 55% (p=0.0045) from 17/20 (85%) to 6/20 (30%) between initial and follow up observations. Errors in hand hygiene, inclusion of all donning/doffing steps, and PPE reuse decreased, but PPE don/doff order errors increased (Figure 2). Post-project survey response rate was 16/29 (55%). All 16 reported knowing which PPE to use and how to safely don/doff PPE, and 11/16 (69%) residents felt both online and in-person interventions were helpful. Figure 2: COVID-19 PPE Errors and Correction Types by Observation Conclusion Correct COVID-19 PPE use is essential to protect HCWs and patients. Just-in-time education intervention for PPE training may yield higher correct use compared to pre-recorded or online training. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Chiu, Chee Kidd, Chris Yin Wei Chan, Jason Pui Yin Cheung, Prudence Wing Hang Cheung, Siti Mariam Abd Gani, and Mun Keong Kwan. "Personal protective equipment usage, recycling and disposal among spine surgeons: An Asia Pacific Spine Society survey." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 230949902098817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020988176.
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Purpose: In this study we investigated on the personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, recycling, and disposal among spine surgeons in the Asia Pacific region. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among spine surgeons in Asia Pacific. The questionnaires were focused on the usage, recycling and disposal of PPE. Results: Two hundred and twenty-two surgeons from 19 countries participated in the survey. When we sub-analysed the differences between countries, the provision of adequate PPE by hospitals ranged from 37.5% to 100%. The usage of PPE was generally high. The most used PPE were surgical face masks (88.7%), followed by surgical caps (88.3%), gowns (85.6%), sterile gloves (83.3%) and face shields (82.0%). The least used PPE were powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR) (23.0%) and shoes/boots (45.0%). The commonly used PPE for surgeries involving COVID-19 positive patients were N95 masks (74.8%), sterile gloves (73.0%), gowns (72.1%), surgical caps (71.6%), face shields (64.4%), goggles (64.0%), shoe covers (58.6%), plastic aprons (45.9%), shoes/boots (45.9%), surgical face masks (36.5%) and PAPRs (21.2%). Most PPE were not recycled. Biohazard bins were the preferred method of disposal for all types of PPE items compared to general waste. Conclusions: The usage of PPE was generally high among most countries especially for surgeries involving COVID-19 positive patients except for Myanmar and Nepal. Overall, the most used PPE were surgical face masks. For surgeries involving COVID-19 positive patients, the most used PPE were N95 masks. Most PPE were not recycled. Biohazard bins were the preferred method of disposal for all types of PPE.
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Baloh, Jure, Heather Schacht Reisinger, Kimberly Dukes, Jaqueline Pereira da Silva, Hugh P. Salehi, Melissa Ward, Emily E. Chasco, Priyadarshini R. Pennathur, and Loreen Herwaldt. "Healthcare Workers’ Strategies for Doffing Personal Protective Equipment." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_3 (September 13, 2019): S192—S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz613.
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Abstract Background Personal protective equipment (PPE) helps protect healthcare workers (HCWs) from pathogens and prevents cross-contamination. PPE effectiveness is often undermined by inappropriate doffing methods. Our knowledge of how HCWs approach doffing PPE in practice is limited. In this qualitative study, we examine HCWs’ perspectives about doffing PPE. Methods Thirty participants at a Midwestern academic hospital were recruited and assigned to 1 of 3 doffing simulation scenarios: 3 mask designs (n = 10), 2 gown designs (n = 10), or 2 glove designs (n = 10). Participants were instructed to doff PPE as they would in routine practice. Their performances were video-recorded and reviewed with participants. Semistructured interviews about their doffing approaches were conducted and audio-recorded, then transcribed and thematically analyzed. Results Three overarching themes were identified in interviews: doffing strategies, cognitive processes, and barriers and facilitators. Doffing strategies included doffing safely (minimizing self-contamination) and doffing expediently (eg, ripping PPE off). Cognitive processes during doffing largely pertained to tracking contaminated PPE surfaces, examining PPE design cues (eg, straps), or improvising based on prior experience from training or similar PPE designs. Doffing barriers and facilitators typically related to PPE design, such as PPE fit (or lack of it) and fastener type. Some participants also described personal barriers (eg, glasses, long hair); however, some PPE designs helped mitigate these barriers. Conclusions Efforts to improve HCWs’ doffing performance need to address HCWs’ preferences for both safety and expediency when using PPE, which has implications for PPE design, training approaches, and hospital policies and procedures.
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Kwan, Wai-Man, Chun-Keung Mok, Yick-Ting Kwok, Hon-Wai Lam, Kwan-Ho Chan, Tat-Hong Samuel Law, Pik-Man Leung, Man-Yu Mak, Tak-Lun Que, and Yiu-Hang Tang. "Bundled interventions for consumption management and monitoring of personal protective equipment in COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong local hospitals." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 4 (November 2020): e000990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000990.
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Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, there had been global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) supply due to the breakage of supply chain and also the forbidding of PPE exported by various countries. This situation had greatly affected the healthcare services in local hospitals of Hong Kong. To maintain the availability of PPE for healthcare workers in high-risk clinical settings, the cluster management of New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, had implemented a bundle of interventions in controlling and managing the PPE consumption and ensuring its proper use. A Taskforce on Management of PPE was set up in February 2020 with the aim to monitor and manage the use of PPE in five local hospitals and eight general outpatient clinics of New Territories West Cluster, which were governed in a cluster basis, under the COVID-19 epidemic. Interventions including cutting down non-essential services, implementing telecare, monitoring PPE consumption at unit level and PPE stock at the Cluster Central Distribution Centre and forming mobile infection teams were implemented. The updated PPE standards and usage guidelines to clinical staff were promulgated through forums, newsletters and unit visits. The PPE consumption rates of individual unit were reviewed. Significant decrease in PPE consumption rates was noted when comparing with the baseline data. Comparing the data between 20 February and 1 June 2020, the overall PPE consumption rates were reduced by 64% (r=−0.841; p<0.001) while the PPE consumption rates in anaesthesia and operating theatres, and isolation and surveillance wards were reduced by 47% (r=−0.506; p=0.023) and 49% (r=−0.810; p<0.001), respectively. A bundled approach, including both administrative measures and staff education, is effective in managing PPE consumption during major infection outbreaks especially when PPE supply is at risk.
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Basodan, Rayan A. M., Byoungyoul Park, and Hyun-Joong Chung. "Smart personal protective equipment (PPE): current PPE needs, opportunities for nanotechnology and e-textiles." Flexible and Printed Electronics 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 043004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac32a9.
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Abstract Smart personal protective equipment (PPE) is the future of improved occupational health and safety, and nanotechnology facilitates the development of critical smart PPE components such as smart textiles, wearable/flexible electronics, and augmented reality among others. Smart PPE utilizes sensing and communication technology in a way that is non-intrusive to either improve workplace safety or enhance occupational capabilities. The development of such smart PPE requires a multidisciplinary approach. This paper investigates the current state of PPE technologies for firefighters, healthcare workers, police/military, and construction workers. The modern PPE needs are identified from both end user surveys as well as expert third-party studies. There are already some smart PPE solutions for the challenges identified. Recent advances in stretchable and textile-based electronics, enabled by nanotechnology, demonstrate almost all imaginable solutions to the unmet needs that PPE users and expert advisor groups have identified. However, integration into smart PPE requires attention to the unique harsh conditions of hazardous workplaces. This review aims to inspire researchers in the field of flexible and printed electronics to develop and improve future smart PPE.
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Deepthi, Ramamurthy, Nugehally Raju Ramesh Masthi, Cheeranahalli Javaraiah Nirmala, Rangappa Manjula, and Sivakumar Vinothkumar. "Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) – Prerequisites, Rationale and Challenges during COVID 19 Pandemic." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (Supp) (April 20, 2020): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02supp.005.
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Personal protective equipment (PPE) usage is pivotal in prevention of COVID19. Access to PPE for health workers has become a key concern. Electronic databases were searched for studies, guidelines, reports and policies on PPE, COVID19 and respiratory infections. In total 20 research articles were included, 10 guidelines and 06 reports from various health organization and National governments were included. There are different types of masks available, it is essential to understand the role of each kind of mask in preventing the spread. Minimizing the need for PPE in health care settings, ensuring rational and appropriate use of PPE and Coordinating PPE supply chain management mechanisms are key strategies in addressing global PPE shortage. Ensuring consistent PPE standards and guidance on quality control of the PPE will help in better infection control. We need to apply a risk-based approach based on purpose of use, risk of exposure, vulnerability, setting, feasibility and type of PPE. Government of India is taking several steps and have deliberated on the adequacy and quality of PPEs. Prevention and mitigation measures are the key for prevention of transmission in the Community which include Hand hygiene, Respiratory hygiene, maintaining social distance of two metre and wearing an appropriate PPE. Adequate provision of good quality PPE is just the first step in promoting the safety of health care workers and containing the spread of COVID 19.
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Chen, Jian Feng, Guo Quan Wang, Xiao Fei Zeng, and Hong Ying Zhao. "Toughening of Polypropylene-Ethylene Copolymer with Nanosized CaCO3 and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1451.
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Nanocomposites of nanosized-CaCO3/polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (PPE) and nanosized CaCO3/ PPE/ styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) were prepared by using two-roll mill and single screw extruder. The average particle size of nanosized CaCO3 was determined to be about 30 nm. By adding nanosized CaCO3 into PPE matrix, the toughness of the matrix improves significantly. At nanosized CaCO3 content of 12 phr (parts per hundred PPE resin by weight), the impact strength of CaCO3/PPE at room temperature reaches 61.6 KJ/m2, which is 3.02 times that of unfilled PPE matrix. In addition, the synergistic toughening effect of nanosized CaCO3 and SBS particles on PPE matrix was investigated.
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Vanslambrouck, Stéphanie, Raphaël Riva, Bernard Ucakar, Véronique Préat, Mick Gagliardi, Daniel G. M. Molin, Philippe Lecomte, and Christine Jérôme. "Thiol-ene Reaction: An Efficient Tool to Design Lipophilic Polyphosphoesters for Drug Delivery Systems." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061750.
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Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyphosphoester (PEG-b-PPE) block copolymer nanoparticles are promising carriers for poorly water soluble drugs. To enhance the drug loading capacity and efficiency of such micelles, a strategy was investigated for increasing the lipophilicity of the PPE block of these PEG-b-PPE amphiphilic copolymers. A PEG-b-PPE copolymer bearing pendant vinyl groups along the PPE block was synthesized and then modified by thiol-ene click reaction with thiols bearing either a long linear alkyl chain (dodecyl) or a tocopherol moiety. Ketoconazole was used as model for hydrophobic drugs. Comparison of the drug loading with PEG-b-PPE bearing shorter pendant groups is reported evidencing the key role of the structure of the pendant group on the PPE backbone. Finally, a first evidence of the biocompatibility of these novel PEG-b-PPE copolymers was achieved by performing cytotoxicity tests. The PEG-b-PPE derived by tocopherol was evidenced as particularly promising as delivery system of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Wright, Tamara, Atin Adhikari, Jingjing Yin, Robert Vogel, Stacy Smallwood, and Gulzar Shah. "Issue of Compliance with Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Wastewater Workers across the Southeast Region of the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112009.
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Wastewater workers are exposed to different occupational hazards such as chemicals, gases, viruses, and bacteria. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a significant factor that can reduce or decrease the probability of an accident from hazardous exposures to chemicals and microbial contaminants. The purpose of this study was to examine wastewater worker’s beliefs and practices on wearing PPE through the integration of the Health Belief Model (HBM), identify the impact that management has on wastewater workers wearing PPE, and determine the predictors of PPE compliance among workers in the wastewater industry. Data was collected from 272 wastewater workers located at 33 wastewater facilities across the southeast region of the United States. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to present frequency distributions of participants’ knowledge and compliance with wearing PPE. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were applied to determine the association of predictors of interest with PPE compliance. Wastewater workers were knowledgeable of occupational exposures and PPE requirements at their facility. Positive predictors of PPE compliance were perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of contracting an occupational illness (p < 0.05). A negative association was identified between managers setting the example of wearing PPE sometimes and PPE compliance (p < 0.05). Utilizing perceived susceptibility and severity for safety programs and interventions may improve PPE compliance among wastewater workers.
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Deb, Rajib, and P. P. Goswami. "Coexpression of PPE 34.9 Antigen of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis with Murine Interferon Gamma in HeLa Cell Line and Study of Their Immunogenicity in Murine Model." Biotechnology Research International 2011 (February 10, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/632705.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of johne's disease whose immunopathology mainly depends on cell mediated immuneresponse. Genome sequencing revealed various PPE (Proline-Proline-Glutamic acid) protein family of Map which are immunologically importance candidate genes In present study we have developed a bicistrionic construct pIR PPE/IFN containing a 34.9 kDa PPE protein (PPE 34.9) of Map along with a cytokine gene encoding murine gamma Interferon gene (IFNγ) and a monocistrionic construct pIR PPE using a mammalian vector system pIRES 6.1. The construct were transfected in HeLa cell line and expression were studied by Western blot as well as Immunefluroscent assay using recombinant sera. Further we have compared the immunereactivity of these two constructs in murine model by means of DTH study, LTT, NO assay and ELISA. DTH response was higher in pIR PPE/IFN than pIR PPE group of mice, similar finding also observed in case of LTT and NO production assay . ELISA titer of the pIR PPE/IFN was less than that with PPE only. These preliminary finding can revealed a CMI response of this PPE protein of Map and IFNγ having synergistic effect on this PPE protein to elicit a T cell based immunity in mice.
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Bala, Ram, Kumar R. Sarangee, Shuhan He, and Grace Jin. "Get Us PPE: A Self-Organizing Platform Ecosystem for Supply Chain Optimization during COVID-19." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063175.
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The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health emergency that triggered an acute shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), putting essential healthcare workers at risk. Starting March 2020, given the skyrocketing prices of PPE in the open market, healthcare institutions were confronted with the dire need to reshape their PPE procurement strategy. One avenue that financially constrained healthcare institutions pursued were donation platforms that offered access to donated PPE by individuals and organizations. We document a real-life case study of one of the most prominent donor platforms that emerged during this period: Get Us PPE. From 20 March 2020 to 2 July 2021, Get Us PPE received 23,001 total individual requests for PPE from every US state and some US territories. In response to these 23,001 requests, Get Us PPE delivered 17,540,571 units of PPE. The number of PPE units delivered was still less than 25% of the total units of PPE requested, indicating the enormity of the PPE shortage. Using this case study, we identify key supply chain issues that manifest during emergencies and highlight the formation of a platform ecosystem to resolve these issues. We also observed a robust supply chain network design that addresses key supply chain sustainability metrics such as minimizing material waste and transportation miles, while balancing other stakeholder factors such as donor and recipient characteristics as well as shipment complexity. We argue that the roadmap followed by Get Us PPE could serve as a template for organizations that emerge in the context of future humanitarian crises.
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Firdaus, Riyadh, Steven Yoe, and Adhrie Sugiarto. "A mannequin based comparative study of quality of chest compression with or without personal protective equipment (PPE)." Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 26, no. 4 (August 17, 2022): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.35975/apic.v26i4.1953.
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Background & Objective: The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is highly recommended during chest compression in COVID-19 patients, as it can generate aerosols. It was thought that quality of chest compression might be affected by the use of PPE. We compared the quality of chest compression with or without PPE using a mannequin to formulate practical recommendations.
Methodology: This observational analytical study used randomised crossover design, and was carried out in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from December 2020 to July 2021. After a thorough assessment, a total of 92 samples fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The chosen participants were postgraduate residents, and they were asked to do chest compression on a mannequin with (Group-I) and without PPE (Group-II) and with breaks in between. The quality of CPR was measured using feedback tool CPR R Series® Monitor (Zoll Inc., USA). After a break the groups were crossed over and re-evaluated.
Results: Sixty-five (35.3%) non-PPE participants did quality compression, but only 16 (8.7%) did quality compression when using PPE (P < 0.001). Effective compression was done by 80 (43.5%) of the non-PPE participants, compared to 61 (33.2%) participants doing the compression effectively when using PPE (P = 0.002). Eighty-two (44.6%) non-PPE participants did adequate compressions compared to 61 (33.2%) participants when using PPE (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the post-compression fatigue level was 7 (6.00-9.00) when using PPE compared to 5 (3.00-7.00) when not using PPE (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The use of PPE during chest compressions can reduce the quality of compression and increase the level of post-compression fatigue compared to performing chest compressions without PPE. PPE use was also associated with low levels of effectiveness, and adequacy of the chest compression.
Abbreviations: PPE - Personal Protective Equipment; CPR – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; AHA - American Heart Association; ERC - European Resuscitation Council
Key words: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / methods; Clinical Competence; Compression; COVID-19; Emergency Service, Hospital; Feedback; Heart Massage / methods; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / therapy; PPE; resuscitation, post-compression fatigue; Treatment Outcome
Citation: Yoe S, Firdaus R, Sugiarto A. A mannequin based comparative study of quality of chest compression with or without personal protective equipment (PPE). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):496-502.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1953
Received: May 19, 2022; Reviewed: July 07, 2022; Accepted: July 22, 2022
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B, Niharika, Suchitra R, Shreenivas Shouri, and Posina Priyanka. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge and Practice with Regard to Personal Protective Equipment in Covid-19 Management among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Center of Ananthapuram District, Andhra Pradesh." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 24 (June 14, 2021): 2011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/378.
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BACKGROUND The healthcare personnel are the first ones to get exposed to corona virus disease (COVID 19) infection while serving the patients in the hospital. Correct knowledge and practice regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) kit usage is the need of the hour which acts as a barrier for infection. The level of knowledge on PPE, method of guidance and the perceived need for PPE by healthcare personnel play an important role in controlling the infections in hospital settings. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Covid Care Center of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Ananthapuramu district among healthcare staff using a pre-structured closed-ended questionnaire regarding socio-demographic details and usage of personal protective equipment. The score obtained was classified as good if the score ranges from 6 to 8 & poor if the score is from 0 to 5. RESULTS 28 out of 64 subjects (43.7 %) had good knowledge & practice regarding PPE kit usage. Majority of them had given correct responses for PPE kit components, wearing masks and disposal of PPE while most of them scored poorly in donning and doffing steps, wearing gloves and foot covers. CONCLUSIONS Most of the study subjects had good knowledge regarding wearing masks, PPE kit components, & method of disposal of PPE. Majority of them did not know the correct steps for donning & doffing of PPE & wearing gloves. Most of the doctors did not even have adequate knowledge on appropriate usage and disposal of PPE. As per the study, neither gender nor job title could determine the level of knowledge & practice of PPE kit. Well planned training sessions for health care workers (HCWs) regarding the steps of donning and doffing of PPE, correct method of disposal of PPE & using right substitutes is important. KEYWORDS PPE Kit, Healthcare, Donning, Doffing
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Key, Thomas, Naveen J. Mathai, Aakaash Sethuraman Venkatesan, Damian Farnell, and Khitish Mohanty. "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 crisis: a snapshot and recommendations from the frontline of a university teaching hospital." Bone & Joint Open 1, no. 5 (May 2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.15.bjo-2020-0027.r1.
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Aims The adequate provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers has come under considerable scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate staff awareness of PPE guidance, perceptions of PPE measures, and concerns regarding PPE use while caring for COVID-19 patients. In addition, responses of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals (OHCPs) were compared. Methods The inclusion criteria were all staff working in clinical areas of the hospital. Staff were invited to take part using a link to an online questionnaire advertised by email, posters displayed in clinical areas, and social media. Questions grouped into the three key themes - staff awareness, perceptions, and concerns - were answered using a five-point Likert scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare results across all three groups of staff. Results Overall, 315 staff took part in our study. There was a high awareness of PPE guidance at 84.4%, but only 52.4% of staff reported adequate PPE provision. 67.9% were still keen to come to work, despite very high levels of anxiety relating to contracting COVID-19 despite wearing PPE. Doctors had significantly higher ratings for questions relating to PPE awareness compared to other staff groups, while nursing staff and OHCPs had significantly higher levels of anxiety compared to doctors in relation to PPE and contracting COVID-19 (p < 0.05 using a Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusion We believe four recommendations are key to improve PPE measures and decrease anxiety: 1) nominated ward/department PPE champions; 2) anonymized reporting for PPE concerns; 3) formal PPE education sessions; and 4) drop-in counselling sessions for staff. We hope the insight and recommendations from this study can improve the PPE situation and maintain the health and wellbeing of the clinical work force, in order to care for COVID-19 patients safely and effectively.
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Key, Thomas, Naveen J. Mathai, Aakaash Sethuraman Venkatesan, Damian Farnell, and Khitish Mohanty. "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 crisis: a snapshot and recommendations from the frontline of a university teaching hospital." Bone & Joint Open 1, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.15.bjo-2020-0027.r1.
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Aims The adequate provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers has come under considerable scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate staff awareness of PPE guidance, perceptions of PPE measures, and concerns regarding PPE use while caring for COVID-19 patients. In addition, responses of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals (OHCPs) were compared. Methods The inclusion criteria were all staff working in clinical areas of the hospital. Staff were invited to take part using a link to an online questionnaire advertised by email, posters displayed in clinical areas, and social media. Questions grouped into the three key themes - staff awareness, perceptions, and concerns - were answered using a five-point Likert scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare results across all three groups of staff. Results Overall, 315 staff took part in our study. There was a high awareness of PPE guidance at 84.4%, but only 52.4% of staff reported adequate PPE provision. 67.9% were still keen to come to work, despite very high levels of anxiety relating to contracting COVID-19 despite wearing PPE. Doctors had significantly higher ratings for questions relating to PPE awareness compared to other staff groups, while nursing staff and OHCPs had significantly higher levels of anxiety compared to doctors in relation to PPE and contracting COVID-19 (p < 0.05 using a Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusion We believe four recommendations are key to improve PPE measures and decrease anxiety: 1) nominated ward/department PPE champions; 2) anonymized reporting for PPE concerns; 3) formal PPE education sessions; and 4) drop-in counselling sessions for staff. We hope the insight and recommendations from this study can improve the PPE situation and maintain the health and wellbeing of the clinical work force, in order to care for COVID-19 patients safely and effectively.
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Esu, Ekpereonne, and Utibeabasi Ekanem. "Awareness and utilization of personal protective equipment among small-scale welders in Cross River State, Nigeria: a descriptive cross-sectional study." Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v4i1.56.
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Objective: Rapid urbanization and industrialization in the many low- and middle-income countries means that there is a growing demand for the welding industry. Previous studies in Nigeria, and other low- and middle-income countries have reported a significant discrepancy between awareness and consistent and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study assessed the awareness and utilization of PPE among small-scale welders in Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria. Methods: This study was conducted in Calabar South Local Government Area using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data collection was with an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire, and an observation checklist was used to monitor the use of PPE among small-scale welders. Results: One hundred and sixteen small-scale welders were surveyed with a mean age of 34.9 ±9.1 years. Almost 90% of respondents had completed at least primary education. Eighty-one respondents (69.8%) were aware of PPE. Three-quarters of respondents (61/81) knew PPE protected the user from injury. The most frequently identified type of welding PPE among the respondents aware of PPE, were safety goggles (38.3%), hand gloves (25.9%), safety boots (19.8%), and coveralls (9.9%). 83.6% had access to PPE at work. However, only 14.4% reported using PPE consistently. Observation revealed that the PPE most frequently used, sunglasses, were not the recommended welding goggles. Conclusion: The low utilization of PPE calls for stricter enforcement of occupational health and safety regulations among welders in the informal sector, including implementing PPE awareness programs.
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Rosyida, Rachmy. "MANAGEMENT OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) FIRE EXTINGUISHER IN FIRE FIGHTING OFFICIALS IN JEMBER REGENCY." Medical Technology and Public Health Journal 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mtphj.v7i1.3364.
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In their work, firefighters have a great risk of danger and require PPE in their work. However, the reality in the field of PPE management is still not well implemented. This happens because the facilities provided by the local government of Kabupaten Jember are not maximal and the availability of PPE is not in accordance with the standard. The purpose of this study was to assess the management of personal protective equipment for fire fighters at the Fire Department UPT Jember. This research is descriptive and uses a qualitative approach. This research was conducted at the UPT Pemadam Kebakaran Jember Regency with the informants are the head of potential development of Satpol PP, members of the fire team, and the head of the fire fighting team. The results showed that PPE management is still not running optimally. The PPE identification process is carried out only when a fire incident occurs; some of the PPE they have is still not up to standard; PPE training has never been conducted by the Minister of Home Affairs; PPE storage is still not suitable; does not carry out the PPE disposal and destruction process; PPE guidance is only carried out orally; the implementation of PPE inspections by the Satpol PP is held regularly and suddenly; as well as in the evaluation process carried out informally. Suggestion that can be recommended is that it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive PPE management processing in accordance with the aspects inside.
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Sharma, Sanjeev, Ranendra Kumar Majumdar, Naresh Kumar Mehta, and Nilesh Prakash Nirmal. "Effects of Pineapple Peel Ethanolic Extract on the Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Surimi Prepared from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)." Foods 11, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 3223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11203223.
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The effects of ethanolic pineapple peel extract (PPE) powder at various concentrations (0–1.50%, w/w) on the gelling properties of silver carp surimi were investigated. The pineapple peel extract produced with 0–100% ethanol, revealed that 100% ethanol had the highest bioactive properties. Surimi gels with added PPE powder demonstrated improved gel strength (504.13 ± 11.78 g.cm) and breaking force (511.64 ± 11.80 g) up to 1% PPE addition; however, as PPE concentration increased beyond 1%, the gel strength decreased. Similarly, with the addition of 1% PPE powder, more hydrophobic bonds and fewer sulfhydryl groups and free amino groups were seen. However, the gels with PPE powder added showed a slight reduction in the whiteness of the surimi gels. FTIR analysis indicated that the fortification with PPE powder brought about the secondary structure of myofibrillar proteins; peaks shifted to the β-sheet region (PPE gels) from the α-helix region (control). SEM analysis indicated that the gel with 1% PPE powder had a relatively organized, finer and denser gel architecture. Overall results suggested that the addition of PPE powder up to 1% to the surimi gels enhanced the gelling properties as well as the microstructure of the surimi.
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Damasceno, Vanessa Doumid, and Helena Vitalina Selbach. "O Programa Português para Estrangeiros: panorama de ações e contribuições para a educação de professores de PLA." Entretextos 21, no. 3Esp. (December 31, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1519-5392.2021v21n3esp.p151.
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Inscrito no escopo da Linguística Aplicada, este artigo objetiva traçar um histórico das ações promovidas pelo Programa Português para Estrangeiros (PPE) desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Pelotas a fim de contribuir com o debate sobre a construção da área de ensino e aprendizagem de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) a partir de contextos e práticas situadas. Apresentamos um panorama das ações realizadas, das temáticas abordadas e dos pressupostos que embasam as práticas no PPE, como os Novos Estudos de Letramento, a fim de discutir as contribuições do Programa para a formação/educação de professores na área de Português como Língua Adicional (PLA). Para tanto, realizamos um levantamento das edições e dos cursos ofertados pelo PPE. Os resultados indicam que o Programa subsidia a formação/educação de professores para a atuação na área de PLA, ainda tão escassa em Cursos de Letras no Brasil, na medida em que os discentes têm a oportunidade de participar em variadas ações formativas. Com a oferta e construção dos cursos, o PPE busca não somente qualificar os discentes que têm a possibilidade de futura atuação na área, mas também incentivar a reflexão sobre a atividade docente em PLA e sobre as especificidades que dela fazem parte.
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Millington, Timothy Ian, Robert P. Chilcott, and Julia Williams. "Experiences of personal protective equipment and reasons for non-compliance." Journal of Paramedic Practice 14, no. 10 (October 2, 2022): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2022.14.10.411.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created challenges in prehospital care. Paramedics have been required to adhere to strict protocols regarding infection control and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). These protocols have evolved as the pandemic progressed. Understanding the experiences of paramedics in using PPE and their reasons behind not adhering to recommended guidelines should improve the limited evidence base and assist healthcare organisations to form tailored PPE guidance, enabling better protection of paramedics. Aim: This study aimed to analyse evidence on paramedics' experiences of using PPE and explore the reasons behind non-compliance to inform PPE policies. Methods: Searches of five key databases identified papers relating to frontline practitioners' experiences of using PPE; frontline was defined as working in patient-facing roles in prehospital, emergency department or critical care settings. Articles were then subject to thematic analysis as part of this narrative review. Results: Three themes emerged: physical and emotional wellbeing; impact on patient care and clinical effectiveness; and PPE fatigue. The evidence explores health professionals' experiences of working in this difficult environment but very little data exist regarding the impact of PPE, specifically on UK paramedics or their reasons for not adhering to PPE protocols. Conclusion: PPE affects wearers in a variety of ways. Factors behind non-adherence are multifactorial. A paucity of literature exists regarding paramedics' experiences of using PPE.
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Yu*, Minji, and Linsey Griffin. "A Pilot Study of Healthcare Workers’ Experience With Personal Protective Equipment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661514.
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Personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance in healthcare settings has continued to be an issue before and during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to understand the overall experience of healthcare workers with PPE, including types and uses of PPE, their duties, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction with PPE. By examining the PPE design characteristics and requirements of healthcare workers, the ultimate goal is to redesign PPE to increase comfort and work efficiency. As a pilot study, one-to-one online interviews were conducted with three healthcare workers who had experience wearing PPE while working in a hospital. The transcripts were analyzed using NVivo software, and a total of 5 subgroups were created based on the 69 unique codes by grouping them into semantic units: environmental situation and characteristics, satisfaction, improvement and suggestion, issues and problems, and PPE wearing experience. Masks (N95 and surgical), eye protections (goggle and face shield), gowns, and gloves were investigated, and high risk of infection, discomfort and distrust about reusing PPE, low degree of protection, low usability, and low work efficiency were observed.
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Cudjoe, Kim G., and Victor Martin. "Safe PPE use." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 19, no. 2 (March 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000732028.30334.66.
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Cherian, Ajith. "Amoretto in PPE." IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2021.032.
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Stewart, Ryan. "Considering PPE Costs." Synergist 16, no. 2 (2005): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2759287.
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Jones, Melinda Mitchell, Kathleen M. Kearney, and Carrie Edwards. "Seeking PPE protection." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 18, no. 6 (November 2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000717676.72485.a2.
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Naga Sailaja, D. S. V. "Child-friendly PPE." British Dental Journal 228, no. 12 (June 2020): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1797-y.
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Thomas, E., D. Cunliffe, O. Rees-Stoner, and B. Collard. "PPE consistency please." British Dental Journal 229, no. 11 (December 2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2460-3.
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Brennan, Geoffrey, Alan Hamlin, and Hartmut Kliemt. "PPE: An appraisal." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 9, no. 4 (September 17, 2010): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x10369443.
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Luna-Vital, Diego, Ivan Luzardo, Liceth Cuellar, Guadalupe Loarca, and Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia. "Ferulic Acid and Anthocyanin from Colored Maize Correlated with Prevention of High-Fat Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating Lipid, Glucose and Inflammatory Pathways." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_066.
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Abstract Objectives To compare the anti-obesity efficacy of different concentrations of phenolic-rich water extract from purple maize pericarp (PPE) in a murine model of obesity for 12 weeks. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice (n = 10/group) were randomized: standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 200 mg PPE/kg BW (200 PPE), and HFD + 500 mg PPE/kg BW (500 PPE). PPE contained mainly ferulic acid, anthocyanins, and other phenolics (total phenolics: 448.5 µg/mg dry weight, DW). Body weight was measured weekly. Blood glucose and triglycerides were determined biweekly. After 12 weeks, liver and adipose tissue were collected. Protein expression was performed in blood plasma. A gene array was performed on adipose tissue and liver. Histological analyses were performed in adipose tissue and liver. Results Bodyweight (−27.9%), blood glucose (−26.5%), and blood triglycerides (−22.1%) were most attenuated (P < 0.05) in the 500 PPE group compared to HFD and 200 PPE groups. At the end of the study, the animals from HFD group became hyperinsulinemic (2.1 ng/mL), whereas the treatment with 200 PE (1.6 ng/mL), and 500 PE (1.1 ng/mL) had lower (P < 0.05) insulin levels. Also, 500 PPE group had reduced (P < 0.05) plasma protein levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, resistin, and leptin compared to the HFD group. Fatty liver disease scores were highest for the HFD group (8.4), followed by 200 PPE (6.1), 500 PPE (2.7), and SD (0.4) groups. Relative adipose tissue was lower (P < 0.05) in 200 PPE (7.6%), 500 PPE (8.0%), and SD (0.8%), compared to HFD (12.1%) group. The diameter of adipocytes was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in 200 PPE (79.1 µm) and 500 PPE (61.8 µm) groups, compared to the HFD (92.8 µm) group. In the 500 PPE group compared to HFD group, important genes were modulated related to adipogenesis (MMP3 fold-change, [FC] = 7.4), inflammation (NFKB1, FC = −1.8), and glucose metabolism (SLC2A4, FC = 23.6) in adipose tissue. In liver, 500 PPE group showed modulation of genes related to gluconeogenesis (PEPCK, FC = −2.9), lipogenesis (FAS, FC = −2.4), and β-oxidation (CPT, FC = 3.1). Conclusions Results suggested that the administration of a phenolic-rich extract from colored maize prevented obesity mainly through the modulation of TLR and AMPK signaling pathways reducing adipogenesis and adipose inflammation, and promoting energy expenditure. Funding Sources University of Illinois NIFA-USDA-HATCH.
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Istiningrum, Andian Ari, Sono Sono, and Virgy Andika Putri. "Inventory Cost Reduction and EOQ for Personal Protective Equipment: A Case Study in Oil and Gas Company." Jurnal Logistik Indonesia 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/logistik.v5i2.1880.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is one of materials that is urgent for oil and gas companies. Company X is an upstream oil and gas company located in Indonesia that requires its employees to wear PPE. Therefore, the PPE inventory must be controlled carefully to maintain the level of PPE inventory. This research has an objective to reduce PPE inventory cost through the application of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. To achieve this objectives, a research was conducted to 22 items of PPE in Company X. The research was conducted by forecasting PPE demand, calculating optimal quantity and ordering frequency, calculating safety stock and reorder point, and finally calculating the inventory cost reduction. The result shows that the implementation of EOQ has enabled the company to reduce its inventory cost by 19.72%. Therefore, it is advisable for Company X to design and implement EOQ as the inventory control program for PPE.
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Rauch, Simon, Michiel Jan van Veelen, Rosmarie Oberhammer, Tomas Dal Cappello, Giulia Roveri, Elisabeth Gruber, and Giacomo Strapazzon. "Effect of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on CPR Quality in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Simulation, Randomised Crossover Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081728.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is considered an aerosol-generating procedure. Consequently, COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines recommend the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during resuscitation. In this simulation of randomised crossover trials, we investigated the influence of PPE on the quality of chest compressions (CCs). Thirty-four emergency medical service BLS-providers performed two 20 min CPR sequences (five 2 min cycles alternated by 2 min of rest) on manikins, once with and once without PPE, in a randomised order. The PPE was composed of a filtering facepiece 3 FFP3 mask, safety glasses, gloves and a long-sleeved gown. The primary outcome was defined as the difference between compression depth with and without PPE; secondary outcomes were defined as differences in CC rate, release and the number of effective CCs. The participants graded fatigue and performance, while generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyse data. There was no significant difference in CC quality between sequences without and with PPE regarding depth (mean depth 54 ± 5 vs. 54 ± 6 mm respectively), rate (mean rate 119 ± 9 and 118 ± 6 compressions per minute), release (mean release 2 ± 2 vs. 2 ± 2 mm) and the number of effective CCs (43 ± 18 vs. 45 ± 17). The participants appraised higher fatigue when equipped with PPE in comparison to when equipped without PPE (p < 0.001), and lower performance was appraised when equipped with PPE in comparison to when equipped without PPE (p = 0.031). There is no negative effect of wearing PPE on the quality of CCs during CPR in comparison to not wearing PPE.
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Kuntari Qisti, Ardiyani. "HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PEMAKAIAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) PEKERJA DI PABRIK PTPN7 KABUPATEN SELUMA." Jurnal Sanitasi Profesional Indonesia 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jspi.v2i1.200.
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The problem that is found in the PTPN7 factory in Seluma district is that workers do not use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), PPE has been provided by the factory but not used by workers. workers who do not use PPE because they lack and interfere with work activities. Most workers do not use the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in full at the PTPN7 factory in Seluma district. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes with the use of PPE workers at the PTPN7 factory in Seluma Regency. The research method used was a survey method with a cross sectional study design. The total sample was 153 workers, univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test.The results of the study were some respondents (32.7%) had less knowledge,more than half of the respondents (60.8%) had an unfavorable attitude, and most respondents (59%) were not complete in using PPE. There is a relationship between knowledge with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ρ value = 0.00 (ρ value ≤ 0.05), attitude with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ρ value = 0.022 (ρ value ≤ 0.05). This study provides information to PTPN7 seluma district factories to understand the importance of using PPE for security and safety, especially when workingThe problem that is found in the PTPN7 factory in Seluma district is that workers do not use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), PPE has been provided by the factory but not used by workers. workers who do not use PPE because they lack and interfere with work activities. Most workers do not use the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in full at the PTPN7 factory in Seluma district. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes with the use of PPE workers at the PTPN7 factory in Seluma Regency. The research method used was a survey method with a cross sectional study design. The total sample was 153 workers, univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test.The results of the study were some respondents (32.7%) had less knowledge,more than half of the respondents (60.8%) had an unfavorable attitude, and most respondents (59%) were not complete in using PPE. There is a relationship between knowledge with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ρ value = 0.00 (ρ value ≤ 0.05), attitude with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ρ value = 0.022 (ρ value ≤ 0.05). This study provides information to PTPN7 seluma district factories to understand the importance of using PPE for security and safety, especially when working