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Jonasson, Simon. "Phoenix. : PPE wildfire respirator." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162081.
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Forest fires has become an increasing threat all over the world. Pollution and rising greenhouse gases has led to an ever increase in global temperatures. Sweden has previously been spared from larger fires, but in the past few year it has been been made clear that these climate changes will affect the number and intensity of forest fires. In this project I have investigated how forest fires work and how the process of extinguishing them looks today. With a focus on the personal equipment I have looked into how to improve the working environment and the safety for fire-fighters. Using the design process this problem is tackled from a holistic point of view, looking at both the users and context. The solutions presented in this project is a professional safety product called “Phoenix. PPe Wildfire respirator”. A lightweight portable oxygen harness with an attached emergency mask.
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Wallaart, Johannes Christiaan Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Identification, elimination and reduction of barriers to the effective use of respiratory personal protective equipment." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Safety Science, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43293.
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This thesis is concerned with the identification, elimination and reduction of barriers to the use of personal respiratory protective equipment (RPE) in the workplace to reduce and prevent occupational inhalation disease. Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) is widely used in industry, health, emergency response, military settings and many other applications and are in daily use by thousands of people in Australasia. The equipment is generally used to filter or ab/adsorb the contaminants from the air prior to delivery to the wearer by filtering or ad/absorbing contaminants from the air prior to being breathed. There is increasing concerns being expressed worldwide as well as in Australia and New Zealand about the apparent increase in diagnosed occupational diseases and the use of RPE is an essential preventative measure able to be adopted by workplaces. The use of this type of equipment is the option after the preferred options of elimination and isolation of the individual from the contaminant in the atmosphere. In spite of this, many different types of RPE are routinely in use. There are, however, enormous practical, physiological and psychological difficulties in the wearing of RPE. Concerns have been expressed in the literature as well as in practical situations that many different types of RPE was unable to meet the needs of workers, particularly as related to airflows and that current standards did not reflect the real-life workplace demands. This work set out to determine an improved methodology for users to determine the total inward leakage (TIL), the different types and quantities of airflows, particularly Peak Inspiratory Air Flows (PIAF). When communicating (an essential aspect in the workplace for safety reasons), PIAFs rise dramatically. This work showed that PIAF were very high, particularly when communicating, and is likely to exceed the ability of many commercial types of commercially available respiratory equipment as well being in excess of the certification requirements of standard bodies. In addition, Minute Volumes (MV) in a typical Australian workforce were shown to be very variable between individuals and current certification requirement of airflows do not appear to reflect practical use. The thesis further investigated using a questionnaire survey, the knowledge and current intervention measures adopted by farmers in different sections of agriculture, particularly dairy farming. Agriculture in New Zealand is a critical economic activity, employing 10% of the total workforce. This work showed that in spite of many different types of intervention activity spread over many years by Government agencies and private organisations to date, limited awareness exists of inhalation diseases and appropriate types of RPE in different applications (for example, confined space applications). The research would suggest that a different and more intensive approach is needed by Government agencies to address the problem in this workplace community if workplace inhalation diseases are to be reduced in the future.
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Mahasha, Phetole Walter. "The trafficking of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE and PPE proteins." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1862.
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Thesis (MScMed (Biomedical Sciences. Molecular Biology and Human Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.The expansion of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE and PPE gene families seems to be linked to that of the immunologically-important ESAT-6 (esx) gene clusters secretion system, as the ancestral members of these families are found only within the ESAT-6 gene cluster regions. These ancestral members are also the only copies in the earlier mycobacteria like M. smegmatis. The later duplications of the PE and PPE families belonging to the PGRS and MPTR subgroups, have been implicated in virulence and are only found within the genomes of the pathogenic mycobacteria closely related to the M. tuberculosis complex. The aim of this study was to compare the subcellular localization of the later duplications of the PE and PPE gene families belonging to the PGRS and MPTR subgroups with that of the ancestral PE and PPE proteins found in M. smegmatis and to investigate whether the ESX secretion apparatus is involved in the trafficking of these proteins. The PE (Rv3872) and PPE (Rv3873) genes from M. smegmatis were PCR amplified with a C-terminal HA tag using M. smegmatis genomic DNA as template. Two PPE-MPTR genes, Rv0442c and Rv0878c, and one PE_PGRS gene, Rv2615c, were also PCR amplified with a C-terminal HA tag using M. tuberculosis genomic DNA as template. All genes were cloned into the mycobacterial expression vector p19Kpro. Expression and localization was investigated using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The PE and PPE genes expressed in M. smegmatis were found to be present within the cell wall, membrane, and cytosol fractions, but not in the culture filtrate, indicating no secretion. The PPE-MPTR and PE_PGRS genes expressed in M. smegmatis, were also found to be present within the cell wall, membrane and cytosol fractions, but not in the culture filtrate, indicating that they are also not secreted. We hypothesize that their secretion is dependent on ESAT-6 gene cluster region 5, which is absent from the genome of M. smegmatis. Ancestral PE and PPE proteins are secreted efficiently in M. tuberculosis. The ESAT-6 gene cluster Region 3 and Region 4 of M. smegmatis were knocked out, and these knockout mutants could be used in future studies to investigate if the ESAT-6 gene cluster region 1 is involved in the secretion of the ancestral and recent PE and PPE proteins.
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Costa, Rui Jorge Gonçalves. "Interpretação no turismo: o caso do Portugal dos Pequenitos (PPE)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9338.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Planeamento em TurismoAtualmente, o Turismo tem-se afirmado como uma das principais atividades económicas a nível mundial. Em Portugal, o Turismo representa cerca de 10% do PIB nacional, sendo vital para o desenvolvimento e crescimento de toda a economia nacional. Com o aparecimento de novas necessidades dos turistas, a interpretação assume-se como uma das principais ferramentas do Turismo, dando resposta às diferentes exigências e motivações dos turistas e tem promovido a identidade cultural das atrações turísticas e uma maior satisfação dos turistas. Assim, pretendeu-se com este projeto: (i) Compreender o que é a interpretação no Turismo; (ii) Analisar o potencial impacte da interpretação para os turistas e para os destinos; (iii) Compreender todo o planeamento de um processo de interpretação, incluindo o processo de avaliação da interpretação; (iv) Avaliar a interpretação no “Portugal dos Pequenitos (PPE)”. No sentido de cumprir os objetivos propostos foi realizada uma entrevista dirigida aos visitantes do PPE, tendo-se obtido vinte entrevistas, divididas por quatro grupos diferentes de visitantes. Feita a análise dos dados recolhidos e entre várias conclusões encontradas, a mais importante que se pode retirar da investigação empírica é que, de facto, um plano de interpretação eficiente pode potenciar a competitividade e o valor cultural/histórico das atrações turísticas.
Nowadays, tourism is one of the main economic activities worldwide. In Portugal, tourism it represents about 10% of national GDP, being vital for the development and growth of the entire national economy. With the emergence of new needs of tourists, the interpretation became one of the main tools of tourism, giving answer to the various requirements and motivations of tourists and has promoted the cultural identity of tourism attractions and a greater satisfaction of tourists. Thus, with this project it was aimed to: (i) Understand what the interpretation in tourism is; (ii) Analyze the potential impact of interpretation for tourists and destinations; (iii) Understand the planning of an interpretation process, including the assessment of interpretation; (iv) Evaluate the interpretation in the "Portugal dos Pequenitos (PPE)." In order to achieve the proposed objectives was held an interview aimed at visitors of PPE was held and twenty interviews were obtained, divided by four different groups of visitors. After doing the analysis of the data collected, among several conclusions found, the more important that can be withdraw from the empirical research is, indeed, that a powerful interpretation plan can boost competitiveness and cultural/historical value of tourist attractions.
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Martschick, Anja [Verfasser]. "Pathogenese und Prävention der Anthrazyklin-induzierten PPE : eine prospektive Studie / Anja Martschick." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024502171/34.
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Pu, Zhengxiang. "A Dynamic Model of the Human/Cooling System/Clothing/Environment System." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2077.
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The human body compensates well for moderate climatic heat stress, but artificial environments often block or overwhelm physiological defense mechanism. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of sources of heat stress. It protects individual from chemical, physical, or biological hazards, but the high thermal insulation and low vapor permeability of PPE may also lead to substantial heat stress. Personal cooling is widely used to alleviate heat stress, especially for those situations where ambient environmental cooling is not economically viable or feasible. It is important to predict the physiological responses of a person wearing PPE with personal cooling to make sure that the individual is free of heat stress, as well as any additional discomfort that may occur. Air temperature, radiant temperature, humidity and air movement are the four basic environmental parameters that affect human response to thermal environments. Combined with the personal parameters of metabolic heat generated by human activity and clothing worn by a person, they provide the six fundamental factors which define human thermal environments. If personal cooling system is available, the fluid flow speed, cooling tube distribution density and fluid inlet temperature have significant effects on the human thermal comfort. It is impractical to evaluate the problem experimentally due to too many factors involved. A thermal model was developed to improve human body thermal comfort prediction. The system researched includes human body, personal cooling system, clothing and environment. An existing model of thermoregulation is taken as a starting point. Changes and additions are made to provide better prediction. Personal cooling model was developed and it includes liquid cooling model, air cooling model and ice cooling model. Thermal resistance networks for the cooling system are built up; additionally a combined model of heat and mass transfer from cooling garment through clothing to environment is developed and incorporated into the personal cooling model and thermoregulatory model. The control volume method is employed to carry out the numerical calculation. An example simulation is presented for extra-vehicular activities on Mars. The simulation results agree well with available experimental data, though a small discrepancy between simulation results and experimental data is observed during the beginning of the cooling process. Compared with a water cooling lumped model, the thermal model provides a much better prediction. For water cooling, parametric study shows that the cooling water inlet temperature and liner thermal resistance have great effects on the maximum exposure time; PPE resistance and cooling water flow rate do not have much impact on the maximum exposure time. For air cooling, cooling air flow rate, inlet temperature, relative humidity and liner resistance have great effects on the maximum exposure time.Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering
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Wang, Chinhua. "Laser induced purely-thermal-wave interferometry (PTWI) using a novel photopyroelectric (PPE) instrument." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/NQ53796.pdf.
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Mendez, James D. "Conjugated Polymer Networks and Nanocomposites." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1282841324.
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Josefsson, Rebecca, and Sofie Johannson. "Snabb produktionsomställning i en tid av kris : en fallstudie gällande produktionen av operationsrockar." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23496.
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Till följd av Covid-19-pandemin har sjukvården i Sverige fått bära mycket stor belastning, samtidigt som den globala efterfrågan och användningen av personlig skyddsutrustning (PPE) kraftigt ökat. Under våren 2020 har den globala handeln upplevt störningar, vilket haft inverkan på leveransen av PPE till sjukvården. Studiens mål var att undersöka vad den inhemska industrin behöver för att ställa om en produktion till att leverera kvalitetssäkrade skyddsprodukter till samhällsviktiga funktioner i ett läge av kris. Metoden har gått ut på litteratur- och fallstudie av en medicinteknisk (MD) operationsrock, samt en intervjustudie med ett antal nyckelpersoner kopplade till produktionsomställning (PO) under pandemins utveckling. Studien resulterade i följande verktyg inför en PO för att snabbt leverera kritiska produkter i en tid av kris.- Beredskapspyramid kopplad till samordning av produktionen.- Producenttriangel kopplad till behov och förutsättningar för den inhemska produktionsindustrin.- Textilteknisk analys av produktionsprocessen för engångs operationsrockar. En slutsats från studien var att för en snabb PO, behövs en tydlig behovsbild med klara ansvarsfördelningar. Den inhemska industrin har skilda förutsättningar för omställning till de höga kvalitetskraven vilka följer produktionen av PPE och MD. Genom att analysera produktionsprocessen för efterfrågade produkter i kris förtydligas vilka parter eller processer som behöver samordnas för en inhemsk produktion. Vidare arbete kan vara utformning av strategisk plan, redo att användas när krisen bryter ut. En samordnad, proaktiv och resurseffektiv beredskap anses öka möjligheten till en miljövänlig PO, då producenter kan anpassa sin omställning enligt prioriterade krav.As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Swedish healthcare system has had to carry a heavy burden, while the global demand and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased. During the spring of 2020, global trade experienced disruptions, which has had an impact on the delivery of PPE to the healthcare system. The study's goal was to investigate what the domestic industry needs to initiate a production changeover to deliver quality-assured products to the socially important functions in a crisis situation. The method is based on a literature- and case study together with an interview study with key personnel linked to production changeovers (PO) during the pandemic. The study resulted in the following tools for a PO to quickly deliver critical products in a time of crisis:- A contingency pyramid regarding coordination of production.- A producer triangle regarding the needs and prerequisites for the domestic production industry.- A textile-technical analysis of the production process for single-use surgical gowns. Conclusions from the study were that in order to coordinate a fast and resource efficient PO, a clear overview of demands with clear responsibilities is needed. The changeover conditions for the domestic industry varies following the high-quality requirements for producing PPE and MD. By analysing the production process for requested products in various crises, the conditions for which parties or processes need to be coordinated for domestic production are clarified. Further studies can be development of a strategic plan ready to implement when the crisis breaks out. A coordinated, proactive and effective contingency is considered enabling an environmentally friendly PO, as producers can adapt their changeover according to prioritized demands.
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Ferrando, Lebraud Haritz Eder. "Estudi de la viabilitat de la utilització de materials termoplàstics reciclats per a aplicacions en el sector de l'electrònica de consum." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6052.
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En els darrers anys ha augmentat de manera considerable l'interès de les empreses per l'ús de materials reciclats per a la fabricació dels seus productes. Les raons principals són l'estalvi econòmic que comporta a causa del progressiu increment del preu de la matèria primera i l'aposta per una política ambiental d'empresa, com a part de la seva responsabilitat social corporativa, en sintonia amb una sensibilitat creixent en l'opinió pública.Aquesta tesi s'ha centrat en l'estudi de la viabilitat de la utilització de materials termoplàstics reciclats per a aplicacions en el sector de l'electrònica de consum. En una primera part, s'ha estudiat la viabilitat de la substitució dels materials verges poliestirè antixoc (HIPS) i la mescla de polímers poli(èter de fenilè) amb poliestirè antixoc (PPE/HIPS) pels mateixos materials d'origen reciclat, procedents de residus industrials.
En una segona part, s'ha estudiat la viabilitat de substitució dels mateixos materials verges, estudiats en la primera part, per un material reciclat diferent. Aquest material reciclat ha estat el poli(tereftalat d'etilè)(PET) provinent de la recollida selectiva d'envasos de begudes postconsum.
El treball de recerca ha estudiat la variació de propietats mecàniques i tèrmiques dels materials reciclats de partida i de les mescles de material verge i reciclat, els efectes de la degradació provocats pels processos successius de transformació i la influència de càrregues minerals (fibres i microesferes de vidre) i ignifugants a base de fòsfor lliures d'halògens sobre les propietats dels materials.
L'estudi realitzat sobre aquests tres materials reciclats ha permès analitzar els factors que intervenen en l'estudi de materials reciclats, conèixer-ne les possibilitats d'aplicació en el cas concret de components d'electrònica de consum i crear les bases per poder establir una metodologia per realitzar futurs estudis d'introducció de materials reciclats en altres aplicacions tecnològiques.
En los últimos años ha aumentado de manera considerable el interés de las empresas por el uso de materiales reciclados para la fabricación de sus productos. Las razones principales son el ahorro económico que conlleva a causa del progresivo incremento del precio de la materia prima y la apuesta por una política medioambiental de empresa, como parte de su responsabililidad social corporativa, en sintonía con una sensibilidad creciente en la opinión pública.
Esta tesis se ha centrado en el estudio de la viabilidad de la utilización de materiales termoplásticos reciclados para aplicaciones en el sector de la electrónica de consumo. En una primera parte, se ha estudiado la viabilidad de la sustitución de los materiales vírgenes poliestireno antichoque (HIPS) y la mezcla de polímeros poli(éter de fenileno) con poliestireno antichoque (PPE/HIPS) por los mismos materiales de origen reciclado, procedentes de residuos industriales. En una segunda parte, se ha estudiado la viabilidad de sustitución de los mismos materiales vírgenes, estudiados en la primera parte, por un material reciclado diferente. Este material reciclado ha sido el poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET) procedente de la recogida selectiva de envases de bebidas postconsumo.
El trabajo de investigación ha estudiado la variación de propiedades mecánicas y térmicas de los materiales reciclados de partida y de las mezclas de material virgen y reciclado, los efectos de la degradación provocados por los procesos sucesivos de transformación y la influencia de cargas minerales (fibras y microesferas de vidrio) y ignifugantes a base de fósforo libres de halógenos sobre las propiedades de los materiales.
El estudio realizado sobre estos tres materiales reciclados ha permitido analizar los factores que intervienen en el estudio de materiales reciclados, conocer las posibilidades de su aplicación en el caso concreto de componentes de electrónica de consumo y crear las bases para poder establecer una metodología para realizar futuros estudios de introducción de materiales reciclados en otras aplicaciones tecnológicas.
In recent years the interest of companies in the use of recycled materials for the manufacture of their products has increased considerably. The main reasons for this are, firstly, the economic savings offered when compared to the progressive increase in the price of the raw material and secondly, the pressure for a company to implement an environmental policy, as part of its 'corporate social responsibility', in tune with a growing sensitivity of public opinion in this area.
This thesis has focussed on studying the feasibility of the use of recycled thermoplastic materials for applications in the consumer electronics sector. In the first part, it centres on the feasibility of the substitution of the virgin materials High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) and the mix of polymers poly(ether phenylene) with High-Impact Polystyrene (PPE/HIPS), for the same materials of recycled origin, coming from industrial waste. In the second part, it studies the feasibility of substitution of the virgin materials studied in the first part, by a different recycled material. This recycled material being the pol (ethylene terephtalat) (PET) which comes from the selective collection of post consumption drink bottles.
The research work has studied the variation of mechanical and thermal properties of the original recycled materials and of the mixtures of virgin and recycled material, the effects of the degradation provoked by the successive transformation processes and the influence of mineral fillers (fibres and glass beads) and halogen-free phosphor-based flame retardants, on the properties of the materials.
The study, carried out on these three recycled materials, has allowed the following: analysis of the factors that intervene in the investigation of recycled materials; knowledge regarding the possibilities of application in the case of household electronics components and it has created the bases for being able to establish a methodology for carrying out future studies on the introduction of recycled materials in other technological applications.
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Waka, Betelhem. "Survival and Inactivation of Bacteriophage Φ6 on N95 Respirator Material." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/249.
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Introduction: Preventing healthcare professionals from acquiring occupational infectious diseases is very important in maintaining healthcare delivery systems. For protection in the work place, healthcare professionals use PPE which helps prevent exposure to pathogens during patient care. N95 respirators protect healthcare workers against airborne pathogens that are known to be associated with different respiratory diseases. Since previous studies have shown that viruses can survive on PPE surfaces, it is important to examine the survival of viruses on respirators to determine if reuse of the same N95 respirator is possible when PPE shortages occur.
Goal: The goal of this research is to determine the inactivation of bacteriophage Φ6 on the surface of N95 respirators at ambient temperature and two different relative humidity levels, 40 and 60%.
Result: The linear regression showed that rate of inactivation was much lower in 40% than 60% RH (40%: Slope= -0.046± 0.007040; 60%: Slope= -0.20± 0.006136). Over 24 hours, there was a ~1 Log10 reduction in virus at 20°C and 40% RH, while there was a ~4 Log10 reduction at 20°C and 60% RH. Within the timeframe of a single patient encounter, there was a <0.02 Log10 reduction in virus at 40% RH and a <0.1 Log10 reduction at 60% RH.
Conclusion: Bacteriophage Φ6 survives on N95 respirators for up to 24 hours at ambient temperature and 40 and 60% relative humidity levels. Inactivation rate was lower in 40% than 60% RH. The results showed that enveloped viruses survive on the surface of N95 respirators for longer than a single patient encounter. Therefore, this should be taken into consideration when doing a risk assessment of reusing N95 respirators when shortages occur.
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Geng, Yang GENG. "Understanding Current On-Farm Storage Systems and Safety Practices of Ohio Cash Grain Operators." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461298325.
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Payne, Thomas. "Improved human soft tissue thigh surrogates for superior assessment of sports personal protective equipment." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17951.
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Human surrogates are representations of living humans, commonly adopted to better understand human response to impacts. Though surrogates have been widely used in automotive, defence and medical industries with varying levels of biofidelity, their primary application in the sporting goods industry has been through primitive rigid anvils used in assessing personal protective equipment (PPE) effectiveness. In sports, absence from competition is an important severity measure and soft tissue injuries such as contusions and lacerations are serious concerns. Consequently, impact surrogates for the sporting goods industry need a more subtle description of the relevant soft tissues to assess impact severity and mitigation accurately to indicate the likelihood of injury. The fundamental aim for this research study was to establish a method to enable the development of superior, complementary, increasingly complex synthetic and computational impact surrogates for improved assessment of sports personal protective equipment. With a particular focus on the thigh segment, research was conducted to evaluate incremental increases in surrogate complexity. Throughout this study, empirical assessment of synthetic surrogates and computational evaluation using finite element (FE) models were employed to further knowledge on design features influencing soft tissue surrogates in a cost and time efficient manner. To develop a more representative human impact surrogate, the tissue structures considered, geometries and materials were identified as key components influencing the mechanical response of surrogates. As a design tool, FE models were used to evaluate the changes in impact response elicited with different soft tissue layer configurations. The study showed the importance of skin, adipose, muscle and bone tissue structures and indicated up to 15.4% difference in maximum soft tissue displacement caused by failure to represent the skin layer. FE models were further used in this capacity in a shape evaluation study from which it was determined that a full-scale anatomically contoured thigh was necessary to show the full diversity of impact response phenomena exhibited. This was particularly pertinent in PPE evaluations where simple surrogate shapes significantly underestimated the magnitudes of displacements exhibited (up to 155% difference) when rigid shell PPE was simulated under impact conditions. Synthetic PDMS silicone simulants were then fabricated for each of the organic soft tissues to match their dynamic responses. The developed simulants exhibited a superior representation of the tissues when compared to previous single material soft tissue simulant, Silastic 3483, which showed 324%, 11,140% and -15.8% greater differences than the PDMS when compared to previously reported target organic tissue datasets for relaxed muscle, skin and adipose tissues respectively. The impact response of these PDMS surrogates were compared in FE models with previously used single material simulants in representative knee and cricket ball sports impact events. The models were each validated through experimental tests and the PDMS simulants were shown to exhibit significantly closer responses to organic tissue predictions across all impact conditions and evaluation metrics considered. An anatomically contoured synthetic thigh surrogate was fabricated using the PDMS soft tissue simulants through a novel multi-stage moulding process. The surrogate was experimentally tested under representative sports impact conditions and showed a good comparison with FE model predictions with a maximum difference in impactor displacements and peak accelerations of +6.86% and +12.5% respectively at velocities between 2 - 4 m.s-1. The value of increased biofidelity in the anatomical synthetic and virtual surrogate thighs has been proven through the incremental adoption of important surrogate elements (tissue structures, material and geometries). The predictive capabilities of each surrogate have been demonstrated through their parallel developments and staged comparisons with idealised organic tissue responses. This increase in biofidelity is introduced at modestly higher cost compared to Silastic 3483, but, given the benefits of a more representative human impact response for PPE evaluations, this is shown to be worthwhile.
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PARENTE, Vicente Gomes. "Proposta de criação do pequeno produtor de energia elétrica - PPE, para o atendimento de comunidades isoladas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2008. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1734.
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A ausência de um ordenamento jurídico referente à distribuição da energia elétrica produzida por empreendimento de pequeno porte deixa claro que o atendimento das áreas consideradas de interesse, sob o ponto de vista da segurança nacional, e das diversas comunidades isoladas da Amazônia, está na dependência do avanço das redes das concessionárias de distribuição. Em assim sendo, se não for encontrada uma solução de menor custo e de menor impacto ambiental, pode-se afirmar que as áreas remotas e as comunidades isoladas muito dificilmente alcançarão os benefícios proporcionados pela energia elétrica. Diante disso, uma alternativa que se apresenta para viabilizar a universalização do atendimento, principalmente das áreas consideradas remotas, poderá vir a ser a ampliação do papel atualmente desempenhado pelo Produtor Independente e do Autoprodutor, em forma de Pequenos Produtores de Energia Elétrica – PPE. Estes poderão contribuir para implementação de projetos integrados de geração e distribuição de energia elétrica, a partir da utilização de fontes renováveis, inclusive híbridas, de potência inferior a 1.000 kW. Sabe-se que um aproveitamento no intervalo proposto, poderá viabilizar o atendimento de aproximadamente 500 domicílios com carga instalada de até 2,5 kW cada um. Ao se considerar que o setor elétrico brasileiro, estatisticamente, trabalha hoje com cinco pessoas por domicílio, uma micro central hidrelétrica ou micro central termelétrica poderá atender a uma população superior a duas mil pessoas. A implantação de pequenos projetos integrados de geração e de distribuição de energia elétrica poderá propiciar a melhoria da qualidade de vida de milhares de moradores de comunidades remotas existentes no Brasil, principalmente no que diz respeito aos aspectos referentes ao saneamento básico, educação, cultura, lazer, emprego e renda e outros, sem que para tanto haja a necessidade de grandes investimentos. Diante do desafio da universalização, o país não pode prescindir da flexibilização das condições legais e institucionais que alcançam o setor elétrico brasileiro, nem retardar a entrada de novos agentes para a prestação de serviço de distribuição de energia elétrica, em áreas remotas da Amazônia ou de qualquer outra parte do País, cujo serviço possa se adequar à realidade local, observados os princípios técnicos de segurança, proteção e operação, previstos no Art. 136, do Decreto 41.019, de 1957. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação se propõe abrir uma discussão em torno da necessidade de ajustes na legislação do setor elétrico brasileiro, com vistas o reconhecimento e institucionalização do pequeno produtor e distribuidor de energia elétrica, cuja atuação em áreas remotas da Amazônia, em particular, não passa despercebida.
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Brito, Max Leandro de Araújo. "Biocombustíveis em mídias sociais : uma análise do primeiro triênio do Plano Paulista de Energia - PPE 2020." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Claudio Luis de Camargo Penteado.Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2014.
Nos últimos anos, o aumento do consumo de energia no Brasil coloca na agenda de debates a definição de políticas públicas de promoção do uso de fontes de energias renováveis, como os biocombustíveis, que contribuem para a diminuição de emissão de poluentes e dinamizam as matrizes energéticas nacionais. Dessa forma, é importante que essas políticas públicas cheguem ao conhecimento da sociedade civil através de divulgação, uma vez que será possível, dentre outras benesses, uma maior conscientização por parte da população e um significativo acompanhamento da aplicação dos recursos públicos. Para divulgar as políticas e as informações relacionadas a biocombustíveis, os estados brasileiros, dentre os quais São Paulo, utilizam diversos meios, em especial a internet e as mídias socais. Tendo em vista o contexto apresentado, a pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar o uso de mídias sociais para a divulgação de informações sobre biocombustíveis no primeiro triênio do Plano Paulista de Energia - PPE 2020. O estudo é uma netnografia exploratória e descritiva, realizada a partir de uma abordagem de métodos mistos. A princípio, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa sobre as formas de divulgação de informações acerca de biocombustíveis propostas pelo estado de São Paulo na internet. Em seguida, focou-se na utilização de mídias sociais pela Secretaria de Energia do estado de São Paulo, responsável pelo Plano Paulista de Energia. Nessa Secretaria, foi efetivada a análise de uma mídia específica, o Facebook, com o intuito de mostrar a estrutura de socialização de informações referentes a biocombustíveis. Posteriormente, a fim de construir um modelo de avaliação de mídias sociais, fez-se um comparativo a respeito do emprego de mídias sociais por parte de governos dos estados brasileiros. Com os dados da comparação foi possível a construção do modelo de avaliação de mídias sociais e a aplicação na Secretaria de Energia do estado de São Paulo e na Iowa Economic Develeopment Authority, que tem como função preocupar-se com a gestão governamental de ações ligadas a biocombustíveis no estado norte-americano de Iowa (principal produtor de biocombustíveis dos Estados Unidos). Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, é posto que a Secretaria de Energia é a mais importante disseminadora de informações relativas a biocombustíveis na esfera pública do estado de São Paulo; a quantidade de informações que aludem a biocombustíveis nas mídias sociais da Secretaria é baixa, se comparada com a quantidade geral de informações divulgadas; ao se analisar o Facebook da Secretaria, percebeu-se que existe um grande potencial de aproveitamento da expansão e do alcance das informações divulgadas, mediante compartimentos realizados pelos perfis que acompanham as postagens na mídia oficial; não existe um padrão fixo no uso das mídias sociais, variando de estado para estado e dentro das próprias regiões geográficas; ao aplicar o modelo de avaliação no estado brasileiro com maior produção de biocombustíveis líquidos (São Paulo), com o equivalente norte-americano (Iowa), ficou evidente uma maior utilização no estado norte-americano. Por fim, o estudo conclui que o uso de mídias sociais para a divulgação de informações que destacam biocombustíveis no primeiro triênio do Plano Paulista de Energia - PPE 2020 ainda ocorre de forma limitada, evidenciando que a utilização de mídias sociais pode dar visibilidade à divulgação, sendo necessário mais acompanhamento e avaliação.
The increase in energy consumption in Brazil in recent years calls into question the definition of public policies to promote the use of renewable energies such as biofuels. Biofuels contribute to the reduction of emissions and streamline the energy matrix of the country. It is important that those policies to the attention of civil society through outreach to increase awareness and monitoring the use of public resources. The state of São Paulo and other Brazilian states use the internet and these social media, among other means, to disseminate information and public policies related to biofuels. Given the context presented, the research aims to evaluate the use of social media to disseminate information about biofuels in the first three years of the São Paulo State Energy Plan - PPE 2020 The study is an exploratory and descriptive netnography accomplished through an approach mixed methods. The principle research on ways to disseminate information on biofuels made by the state of São Paulo on the Internet was developed. Then the use of social media by the Department of Energy of the State of São Paulo has been studied, department responsible for the São Paulo State Energy Plan. In department analysis of Facebook to introduce structure sharing of information on biofuels was held. This was followed by a comparative on the use of social media by governments of states. With the data of the comparison was possible construction of the evaluation of social media model and applying the Department of Energy of the State of São Paulo, and Development Iowa Economic Authority which is responsible for the management of government actions related to biofuels in the American state of Iowa (main producer of biofuels in the United States). Among the main results is presented that the Department of Energy is the main disseminator of information about biofuels in the public sphere of the state of São Paulo; the amount of information about biofuels in social media the department is low compared to the overall amount of information disclosed; when analyzing department¿s Facebook was realized that there is great potential for expanding the use and extent of information through magazines, made by profiles that accompany posts on the official media; there is no fixed pattern in the use of social media, varying from state to state, and within their own geographic regions; to apply the evaluation model in the Brazilian state with the largest production of liquid biofuels (São Paulo) with the American equivalent (Iowa) became apparent greater use in the American state. Finally, the study concludes that the use of social media to disseminate information about biofuels in the first three years of the São Paulo State Energy Plan - PPE 2020 also occurs to a limited extent, indicating that the use of social media can give visibility to the disclosure and need more monitoring and evaluation.
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Sullivan, James J. "Advanced Personal Protection Technology Using Carbon Nanotube Textiles for Firefighters and First Responders." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377871634.
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Law, Annie. "An exploratory study to identify risk factors for the development of capecitabine-induced Palmar Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (PPE)." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9675.
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Background: Previous literature showed contradictory evidence on the subject of predictors of chemotherapy-induced Palmar Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (PPE). While there is evidence to suggest that dose and schedule of the drugs play a large role, the fact that many still go on to develop severe PPE following dose reduction would indicate that there are other factors involved. Since the incidence of PPE is more prevalent during the first three cycles of treatment this would also indicate that there are factors other than a cumulative effect. The contradictory evidence in the literature relates to biographical factors, performance status, co-morbidities and renal function. There is a lack of empirical evidence to support the theory that PPE is caused by damage to the microcapillaries due to everyday activities that cause friction or pressure to the hands or feet. Purpose: The aim of this exploratory study was to identify pre-treatment risk factors for the development of PPE prior to cycle four. Patients and methods: The study was made up of two phases, a retrospective phase and a prospective phase, using mixed strategies to collect data. Thus providing two independent samples to compare and validate or refute results. Phase I: A retrospective notes review of patients who had received Infusional 5FU or capecitabine containing regimes over a 1 year period (n=392). Phase II Prospective data collection from participants receiving capecitabine monotherapy (n = 125). Data was collected during semi-structured interviews, from participant's diaries, physical examination of the hands and feet and notes review. Data relating to activities that cause friction, pressure or heat were collected during this phase. Data from both samples were analysed independently using bivariate (chi-square and t-test) tests where each independent variable was analysed against PPE. The variables which achieved statistical significance were entered into a multivariate (binary logistic regression) model. The multivariate analysis employed a specific modelling algorithm using a relaxed alpha value applied to various entry methods to produce multiple models. The outcomes from these models were entered into a ROC curve test to establish which model was the best predictor of PPE. Results: Phase I The bivariate analysis demonstrated that those at most risk of developing PPE prior to cycle 4 of capecitabine monotherapy were males with non-metastatic colorectal cancer, who had either developed PPE with previous chemotherapy regimes or not had previous chemotherapy and who started their treatment during the winter months. When variables were combined in a multivariate logistic regression model, those that were associated with an increased risk of PPE were male, no metastatic spread, no inflammatory condition as co morbidity, smoked, did not drink, had weight loss prior to treatment, a low/normal pre treatment ALP level and started their treatment during the winter. Phase II: The bivariate analysis demonstrated that those at most risk of developing PPE prior to cycle 4 of capecitabine monotherapy were those with no metastatic disease, had an inflammatory condition as co morbidity, were receiving capecitabine as adjuvant treatment, had a good performance status (0-1) and had a tendency to have warm hands. When variables were combined in a multivariate logistic regression model, those that were associated with an increased risk of PPE were younger (< 65) had no metastatic disease, an inflammatory condition as co morbidity, drank alcohol regularly, had a good performance status, had not received previous radiotherapy, were overweight or obese, had a pre treatment creatinine clearance of 30-50mls/min and had a tendency to have warm hands. Conclusions: Similarly to the literature, contradictory findings were seen between the two samples within this study. There was only one variable that was associated with the development of PPE prior to cycle 4, which was the absence of metastatic disease. Limitations of retrospective data may explain variation in some variables which may have been underreported; however it is likely that it is not possible to identify specific factors that increase the risk of PPE. This is the first study to have collected and analysed data related to friction, pressure and heat causing activities. These activities have been suggested as increasing the risk of developing PPE and form the basis of patient education to avoid these activities. Data from this study indicates that only a tendency to have warm hands is associated with an increased risk of PPE. Whilst this finding would need validating in larger studies, it is a unique contribution to the body of knowledge of PPE. This finding indicates that avoidance of activities that cause friction and pressure has no evidence base. Patients may therefore be avoiding activities that add to their enjoyment which at this stressful time in their lives may add to any psychological distress. Despite limitations of this study, the importance of the findings presented here lie in its usefulness in shaping future research to investigate identified variables, where before no direction was available.
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Kurhanskyi, A. V., and V. V. Sakovets. "Predicting thermophysiological comfort limits to simulate the personal protective equipment abilities." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7608.
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Donà, Valentina. "Caratterizzazione dei fattori sigma micobatterici SigE e SigF Caratterizzazione del dominio PPE della proteina PPE17 di Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422362.
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the causative of tuberculosis, a disease, which causes 2 millions of death every year, with a dramatic incidence especially in developing countries.
To find new drug and vaccine strategies against MTB, it is of fundamental importance to study the mechanisms, that allow its survival to environmental stresses, to which it is subjected during the period of infection and latency in the host macrophages. The fine transcriptional regulation of specific genes in response to stress conditions and the peculiar structure of its wall play a key role on this.
In the first part of the PhD project two mycobacterial sigma factors, SigE and SigF, which regulate the transcription of specific genes in response to various environmental stresses such as surface stress, oxidative stress, alkaline pH and thermal shock, have been characterized.
First the transcriptional regulation, translational and post-translational regulation of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) transcription factor SigE were studied.
Regarding the study of the transcriptional regulation, it was possible to confirm by 5'RACE PCR and RT-PCR experiments the presence of three promoters of sigE, and to determine the contribution of each promoter in the transcription of this gene, depending on the environmental conditions of bacterial growth.
The fact, that the transcriptional start codon of one of these promoters is located 63 base pairs downstream of the start codon annotated in MTB genome opened the possibility of the existence of two isoforms of Sige.
By translational fusions between specific sequences of sigE with lacZ, deprived of its own translational initiation codon, and subsequent site-specific mutagenesis, it was possible to confirm, based on further beta-galactosidase activity detection, the existence of two alternative start codons, an ATC and a TTG, coding for an isoform of respectively 218 and 215 of amino acids, in addition to the ATG already annotated in MTB genome, which encodes for an isoform of 257 amino acids.
Finally, it was possible to confirm, that the gene downstream sigE encodes for the anti-sigma factor of SigE, called RseA, capable of binding both isoforms of SigE.
In a second project also the role of the factor SigF M. smegmatis in the biosynthesis of carotenoid pigments, resistance to hydrogen peroxide and in the efficiency of bacterial transformation was studied.
By RT-PCR it has been shown, that SigF controls the transcription of genes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoid pigments, and, assuming that they serve as protection against free radicals, it was verified that the sigF mutant strain is actually more sensitive compared to the wild type strain to treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Finally, we also demonstrated, that the mutant strain has a higher transformation efficiency than the wild type strain, indicating that SigF regulates the transcription of genes possibly involved in the permeability of the cell wall.
In the second part of the project, the localization of the protein on the surface PPE17 mycobacteria was characterized. Like other members of the PPE family, the PPE17 has a highly conserved N-terminal domain, which, based on different evidences in literature, is assumed to play an important role in their translocation to the mycobacterial surface. Moreover, it was investigated the possible influence of the presence of PE11 in the translocation process or in the stability of PPE17, as the PE11 coding sequence is in tandem and co-transcribed with that encoding the PPE17, and there is a specific interaction between these two proteins.
The data obtained by proteinase K sensitivity assays performed on M. smegmatis strains, expressing the entire PPE17 or only its domain PPE (dPPE17) fused with the HA epitope, confirm, that the entire PPE17 is exposed on the surface, both in the presence and absence of PE11.
According to data obtained, the possibility to translocate the MTB model antigen (Mpt64) on the surface of the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG, by fusing them with the dPPE17 was tested. Proteinase K and whole cell ELISA assays performed on cultures of M. bovis BCG expressing this chimeric protein indicate, that it is indeed localized at the mycobacterial surface. Similarly, another two fusions with dPPE17 were constructed to express on the mycobacterial surface the multimeric MTB antigen AG85-ESAT6 of MTB and the Csp C3 antigen of Plasmodium bergii. According to the proteinase K sensitivity assays carried out on strains of M. smegmatis expressing the two chimeric proteins indicate that also in this case both are localized at the surface.
The strains of M. bovis BCG expressing these antigens on their surface will be tested in future in the mouse model to measure any increase in protection compared to the wild type strain.Riassunto Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) è l’agente eziologico della tubercolosi, patologia che nel mondo causa ogni anno due milioni di morti, con un’incidenza drammatica specie nei Paesi in via di sviluppo. Per poter trovare nuove strategie farmacologiche e vaccinali contro MTB è di fondamentale importanza lo studio dei meccanismi, che permettono la sua sopravvivenza ai vari stress ambientali, ai quali è sottoposto durante il periodo di infezione e latenza nei macrofagi dell’ospite. La fine regolazione della trascrizione di geni specifici in risposta a condizioni di stress e la peculiare struttura della sua parete giocano in merito un ruolo fondamentale. Nella prima parte del progetto di dottorato sono stati caratterizzati due fattori di trascrizione sigma micobatterici, SigE e SigF, che regolano la trascrizione di geni specifici in risposta a vari tipi di stress ambientali, come lo stress di superficie, lo stress ossidativo, il pH alcalino e lo shock termico. Anzitutto è stata studiata la regolazione trascrizionale, traduzionale e posttraduzionale del fattore di trascrizione con funzione extracitoplasmatica (ECF) SigE. Per quanto riguarda lo studio della regolazione trascrizionale, è stato possibile confermare tramite esperimenti di 5’RACE PCR e RT-PCR la presenza di tre promotori di sigE, e a dosare, a seconda delle condizioni ambientali di crescita batterica, il contributo di ciascun promotore nella trascrizione di questo gene. Dato che l’inizio della trascrizione di uno di questi promotori è sito 63 paia di basi a valle del codone di start annotato nel genoma, si è aperta l’ipotesi dell’esistenza di due isoforme di SigE. Mediante fusioni traduzionali tra specifiche sequenze di sigE con lacZ, private del proprio codone di inizio della traduzione, e successive mutagenesi sito-specifiche, è stato possibile confermare, in base all’attività beta-galattosidasica rilevata, l’esistenza di due codoni di start alternativi, un ATC ed un TTG, che codificano per un’isoforma di rispettivamente 218 e 215 di amminoacidi, oltre all’ATG già annotato nel genoma di MTB, che codifica per un’isoforma di 257 amminoacidi. Infine è stato possibile confermare, che il gene a valle di sigE codifica per il fattore anti-sigma di SigE, denominato RseA, in grado di legare entrambe le isoforme di SigE. In un secondo progetto è stato studiato anche il ruolo del fattore SigF di M. smegmatis nella biosintesi di pigmenti carotenoidi, nella resistenza a perossido d’idrogeno e nell’efficienza di trasformazione batterica. Tramite RT-PCR è stato dimostrato che SigF controlla la trascrizione di geni coinvolti nella biosintesi dei pigmenti carotenoidi, e, partendo dal presupposto che essi fungono da protezione contro i radicali liberi, è stato verificato che il mutante per il gene sigF è effettivamente più sensibile rispetto al ceppo selvatico al trattamento con perossido d’idrogeno. Infine è stato dimostrato anche, che il ceppo mutante possiede una maggiore efficienza di trasformazione rispetto al ceppo selvatico, indicando che SigF regola probabilmente la trascrizione di geni coinvolti nella permeabilità della parete. Nella seconda parte del progetto è stata caratterizzata la localizzazione della proteina PPE17 sulla superficie micobatterica. Come altri membri della famiglia PPE, la PPE17 presenta un dominio N-terminale altamente conservato, il quale, in base a diverse evidenze in letteratura, si suppone svolgere un ruolo importante per la loro traslocazione in superficie. Inoltre, si è voluto verificare un’eventuale influenza della presenza della proteina PE11 nel processo di traslocazione in o nella stabilità della PPE17, in quanto la sequenza codificante la PE11 è in tandem e co-trascritta con quella codificante la PPE17, e vi è un’interazione specifica tra queste due proteine. I dati ottenuti mediante saggi di sensibilità alla proteinasi K su ceppi di M. smegmatis, esprimenti la PPE17 intera o solo il suo dominio PPE (dPPE17) fuse all’epitopo HA, confermano che la PPE17 intera sia esposta in superficie, sia in presenza che in assenza di PE11. In base ai dati ottenuti si è infine tentato di veicolare un antigene modello (Mpt64) di MTB sulla superficie del ceppo vaccinale M. bovis BCG fondendolo con il dPPE17. Saggi di sensibilità alla proteinasi K e ELISA su cellule intere effettuati su culture di M. bovis BCG esprimenti questa proteina chimerica indicano, che essa sia effettivamente localizzata a livello superficiale. Allo stesso modo sono state costruite due ulteriori fusioni con il dPPE17 per esprimere sulla superficie micobatterica l’antigene multimerico Ag85-ESAT6 di MTB e l’antigene Csp C3 di Plasmodium berghii. In base a saggi di sensibilità alla proteinasi K svolti su ceppi di M. smegmatis esprimenti le due fusioni anche in questo caso entrambe localizzano in superficie. I ceppi di M. bovis BCG esprimenti questi antigeni sulla loro superficie saranno testati in futuro nel modello del topo per misurare un eventuale aumento della protezione rispetto al ceppo selvatico.
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Cho, Jang Ik. "Partial EM Procedure for Big-Data Linear Mixed Effects Model, and Generalized PPE for High-Dimensional Data in Julia." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case152845439167999.
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Schmitz, Viola. "How can retroreflective clothing provide more safety through visibility in a semi-dark urban environment?" Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280081.
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Being inconspicuous in the dark outdoors can cause accidents including physical injuries. To prevent pedestrian being involved in accidents it is necessary to make them most visible to approaching people.This Master’s Thesis examines the use of retroreflective clothing in a semi-dark urban environment to provide safety through conspicuity. Through analysing the lighting situation in Stockholm, the ability of the human vision, reactions and existing products it has led to experiments and surveys to find the most efficient line placement and pattern to make an individual recognizable as human on approach.The results were that body outlines and horizontal lines along joints made a human most identifiable. Most conspicuity was given when lines were wider than 2cm and patterns contrasted to the surroundings.As the experiment was conducted in a semi-dark setting, different retroreflective design solutions might be more adequate for other lighting scenarios with more or less light
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Medina, Daniel E. "Penetration through the staple punctures on five N95 respirator models." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5534.
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Certain N95 FFR models that staple the head straps directly onto filtering material are commercially available. This method of assembly can tear or reduce fiber density in the immediate area surrounding the staple punctures. Five N95 FFR models were evaluated to determine if staple punctures on the filter medium reduce the protection offered by the respirators.
Total penetrations were measured with the staple punctures intact and when stretching the head straps a distance equivalent to a 95% male head circumference. Filter penetration were measured by sealing the staple punctures. Aerosols of 200, 500, and 1000 nm were used to challenge respirators at 28 and 85 Liter/min flow rates. Staple punctures were visually inspected by macrophotography with a light source on the opposing side of the punctures.
Three FFR models had greater mean leakages than the remaining two. However, only two FFR models had statistically significant greater total penetrations than filter penetrations. Pulling the head straps increased total penetration, but was not statistically significant. Filter penetrations were greatest at 85 Liter/min and 200 nm, while leakages were greatest at 28 Liter/min flow rate and 1000 nm.
Leakage through the staple punctures had greater contributions to total penetration than filter penetration allowing a greater percentage of 1000 nm particles into the breathing zone. Leakage was dependent on the tearing of the filter material or the reduction of fiber density near the puncture, regardless of filter efficiency. Total penetration to filter penetration ratios showed that leakage was greater than filter penetration 15 fold for 1,000 nm. This value is similar to what has been reported for face seal leaks on human subjects. Protection factors were reduced from ~930 to ~60 when the staple punctures created a tear. N95 FFR with stapled head straps that puncture the filter medium should be avoided because they can reduce protection to the user.
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PESSOA, JOAO S. "Projeto piloto do etanol - PPE. Alternativa energetica para substituicao parcial ou total do oleo combustivel em plantas de geracao termoeletrica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11185.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Barcellos, Ivonete Oliveira. "Estudo cinético da reação entre Poli[oxi(2,6-dimetil-1,4-fenileno)] e 4-fenil-1,2,4-triazolina-3,5-diona." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25182.
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A grande reatividade da 4-fenil-1,2,4-triazolina-3,5-diona (PhTD) (2) como dienófilo nas reações Diels-Alder e enófilo nas reações Ene, tem sido amplamente estudada na literatura. Entretanto poucos estudos tem sido desenvolvidos para elucidar o mecanismo via substituição eletrofílica aromática de reações com triazolinas de caráter eletrofílico. O polímero Poli(oxi-2,6-dimetil-1,4-fenileno) (PPE) (1) é de importância industrial como componente de plástico de engenharia, devido a sua alta temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg = 205 +- 20 °C), e por exibir completa miscibilidade com o poliestireno. Para se obter materiais com melhor desempenho, várias tentativas tem sido realizadas na modificação química do PPE procurando gerar novos polímeros e copolímeros. Este polímero modificado (3) com grupamentos triazolinadiona poderá apresentar maior interesse industrial através da inserção de grupos fortemente polares capazes de formar pontes de hidrogênio e/ou levar à formação de ionômeros. Apesar da importância que o PPE representa no meio industrial e o que poderá representar quando modificado com grupamentos polares, como triazolinadionas, ainda há uma obscuridade com relação ao mecanismo envolvido na formação do PPE-UZ. Assim neste trabalho um estudo cinético foi desenvolvido usando métodos espectroscópicos (UV-Visível e 1H-RMN), para o monitoramento da reação entre o PPE e PhTD. A partir de soluções de PhTD e PPE em clorobenzeno realizou-se uma série de experimentos da reação entre PhTD e PPE em condições de pseudo-primeira ordem com relação à concentração de PhTD. Foram também realizados experimentos com o trímero do PPE com a finalidade de eliminar as contribuições associadas a cadeia polimérica. As constantes de velocidades e parâmetros de ativação foram comparados entre ambos sistemas. A análise dos resultados experimentais indicam que a reação ocorre em mais de uma etapa e com formação de um complexo de natureza sigma. Sua existência foi evidenciada com o aparecimento de um sinal na região entre 4-5 ppm quando a reação foi monitorada por 1H-RMN, também nos experimentos utilizando substratos competitivos com isopreno e base (4-aminobenzoatoa de etila), a qual acelera a etapa que leva a formação do produto final. A reação mostrou uma dependência linear das constantes de velocidade com a concentração do polímero e com a temperatura. As condições de pseudo-primeira ordem foram mantidas, pois a equação de Arrhenius foi obedecida. Também foi observado o comportamento destas constantes de velocidades com a variação da polaridade do meio reacional.4-phenil-1,2,4-triazoline-3.4-dione (PhTD) (2) due to its great reactivity as a dienophile in Diels-Alder reactions and enophile in Ene reactions has been extensively studied. However only a few investigations have been reported on the mechanism via eletrophilic aromatic substitution in reactions with eletrophilic triazolines. Poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) (PPE) (1) is a polymer of great industrial importance as a component in engineering plastics due to its high glass transition temperature (Tg = 205 +- 20 °C). The modified polymer (3) may exhibit some interesting properties due to the insertion of very polar groups capables of forming hidrogen bridge bonds and undergoing dissociation process, wich could lead to ionomers. Although of importance this polymer play in industrial centre and that could to play when modified with polar groups as triazolinediones still little is known with regard to the mechanism involved in the formation of PPE-UZ. In this work a kinetic study was carried out for the reaction between PPE and PhTD using spectroscopical methods as UV-Visible and 1H-RMN. Starting from solutions of PhTD and PPE in chlorobenzene a series of reactions were carried out under pseudo-first order conditions by keeping constant the concentration of PhTD. In order to evaluate the reaction kinetics a similar study was performed with oligomeric PPE (trimer). Comparison of the kinetic parameter for the reaction between the PPE and PhTD and for the reaction between the oligomeric PPE, allowed considerations to be made on the isolating polymer backbone contributions. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the reaction occurs in more than one step. The initial sleeps led to the formation of a sigma-complex as it was evidenced by addition of a competing substrate, isoprene, and base (ethyl 4-aminobenzoate) which accelerated the step that lead to the final product. This intermediate was also detected by 1H-RMN, though the appearence of signals at 4-5 ppm, characteristic of olefinic proton (arenium ion). The reaction obeyed kinetic pseudo first order conditions. No deviation for the Arrhenius equation was detected. Solvent dieletric constant showed a marked effect on the rate constants.
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Kub, Christopher. "Hyperbranched conjugated polymers: an investigation into the synthesis, properties and postfunctionalization of hyperbranched poly(phenylene vinylene-phenylene ethynylene)s." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34838.
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There are two general ways to introduce functionalities into a polymeric structure: functionalization of the monomeric units before polymerization and postfunctionalization of the preformed polymer. Building libraries of polymers with different functionalities can be completed with significantly less effort by the second method, as each postfunctionalization of a single batch of polymeric backbone can involve as little as one synthetic step.
One method of building a polymeric backbone for postfunctionalization involves the synthesis of hyperbranched conjugated polymers (HCPs) from AB2 monomeric units. A polymer formed from n AB2 monomeric units should contain n reactive B groups, which act as sites of functionalization. Utilizing this principle, two different hyperbranched poly(phenylene vinylene-phenylene ethynylene) scaffolds were synthesized and studied in both their inherent properties and functionalization.
The first HCP synthesized was compared against a monomeric cruciform model and a linear polymer with a similar structure. The hyperbranched polymer has red-shifted absorption and emission in comparison to the cruciform model and linear polymer. The HCP quenches paraquat more efficiently than the linear polymer by a factor of about two, suggesting a greater rate of energy transfer.
The functionalization of HCPs was studied; iodine groups decorating the HCPs were replaced with terminal alkynes by Pd-catalyzed coupling, providing a library of 24 differently functionalized HCPs. Elemental analyses of the postfunctionalized polymers show nearly complete substitution of the iodine groups. The postfunctionalized polymers show increased fluorescence compared to the original iodine decorated polymers, due to the loss of the heavy atom effect inducing iodine groups. The emissions of the postfunctionalized polymers in solution show a strong dependence on the groups attached to the conjugated structures, with emission maxima ranging from 505 nm to 602 nm; quantum yields range from 0.7% to 25%. Solid-state emission studies show stronger and more red-shifted spectra compared to emissions observed in solution.
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Rodrigues, Jose Ricardo da Silva. "Estudo das propriedades micro e macroscópicas de blendas de PA6/PPE compatibilizadas com SEBS e de complexo de PVP com Cu(II)." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78386.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T13:34:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T17:14:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 175670.pdf: 9492976 bytes, checksum: de9bf88545842f737a99912e639f678d (MD5)
Análise das propriedades micro e macroscópicas de novos materiais, obtidos a partir da mistura física de dois polímeros comerciais em presença de pequena quantidade de um terceiro polímero que atuará como agente compatibilizante e pela complexação do íon cobre (II) com o nitrogênio piridínico da poli vinil piridina. Blendas binárias e ternárias de polímeros e misturas binárias de polímero com iodeto de cobre são preparadas. Os procedimentos distintos utilizados produzem novos materiais com propriedades diferentes dos componentes puros e de interesse prático. A relação entre propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e a morfologia das blendas de poliamida 6 (PA6) e poli(2,6-dimetil-1,4-oxi fenileno) (PPE) ou PPE modificado com 20% de estireno (mPPE) ou PPE enxertado com anidrido maleico (PPE-g-AM) compatibilizado com o copolímero tribloco poli[estireno-b-(etileno-co-butileno)-b-estireno] enxertado com anidrido maleico (SEBS-g-AM) são estudados. O uso de uma combinação de SEBS-g-AM e SEBS é também usado. A adição de 1% de CuI, em massa, às blendas é também analisada. São empregadas as técnicas de MET, MEV, DSC, TGA e DMA. Propriedades mecânicas são caracterizadas por medidas de resistência ao impacto e tensão-deformação. Misturas binárias polímero/iodeto de cobre (CuI) (mol/mol) são estudados e analisados a formação de complexos polímero-cobre (II). Poli(2-vinil piridina) (P2VP) e poli(4-vinil piridina) (P4VP) são os polímeros usados. A caracterização dos complexos é realizado pelos resultados obtidos das técnicas de DSC, TGA, FTIR, EPR, Raman, MEV e condutividade elétrica.
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Cordeiro, Maria Teresa. "Uso de Equipamento de Proteção Individual e suas Repercussões no Cuidar em Enfermagem no Serviço de Urgência." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6156.
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Relatório de Trabalho de Projeto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-CirúrgicaEste trabalho visa apresentar o Projeto de Intervenção em Serviço (PIS) e Projeto de Aprendizagem Clínica (PAC) realizados no Serviço de Urgência Geral (SUG) de um Centro Hospitalar da Margem Sul do Tejo, em contexto de estágio integrado no plano de estudos do 1º Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, e fazer uma análise reflexiva sobre as aprendizagens adquiridas à luz das competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Pessoa em Situação Crítica e Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica. No PIS, abordámos uma temática relacionada com o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) no SUG. Cientes da importância do uso de EPI na prevenção e controlo de infeção, aplicámos uma grelha de observação e um questionário à equipa de enfermagem do serviço. Após análise dos dados obtidos, fundamentámos a perceção inicial de que os enfermeiros por vezes não usavam EPI ou usavam-no de forma inadequada, potenciando a infeção associada aos cuidados de saúde (IACS). A IACS constitui um problema de saúde devido à elevada morbilidade e mortalidade e o uso de EPI faz parte integrante das precauções básicas garantindo a segurança dos profissionais e dos clientes (Pina et al, 2010). Propusemo-nos, então, divulgar boas práticas no uso de EPI desenvolvendo atividades como, formação/treino dos enfermeiros no uso de EPI, atualização do Procedimento Geral de Seleção de EPI e elaboração de instrumento de auditoria às práticas. Após deteção de necessidades através de entrevistas não estruturadas com a equipa de enfermagem e observação na prática, desenvolvemos o PAC. Elaborámos procedimento sobre cuidados de enfermagem ao cliente com entubação endotraqueal, assim como tabela de compatibilidades de medicamentos administrados por via intravenosa e desenvolvemos estratégias relacionadas com evacuação de clientes do SUG.
Abstract: This paperwork aims to present Service Intervention Project (SIP) and the Clinic Apprenticeship Project (CAP) made in the General Urgency Service (GUS) of an Hospital Centre on the South Side of Tejo, in context of internship integrated in the study plan of the 1st Masters Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing of the Superior School of Health of the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, and to do a reflexive analysis of the learning acquired under the Specialist Nurse common and specific skills in a Critical Situation person and Master in Medical-Surgical Nursing. In the SIP, we approach a thematic related with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the. Aware of the importance of the use PPE in the prevention and control of infection, we applied an observation grill and a questionnaire to the service nursing team. After analysis of the obtained data we substantiated our initial perspective that nurses sometimes didn’t wear the PPE nor used it in the proper way, enhancing the Health Care Associated Infection (HCAI). The HCAI constitutes a health problem due to the high morbility and mortality and the use of PPE is an integrant part of the basic precautions guaranteeing the professionals and the clients’ safety (Pina et al, 2010). So we proposed to spread good practices in the use of PPE developing activities like formation/training of the nurses in the use of PPE, updating the Selection of PPE General Proceeding and elaboration of auditing instruments to the practices. After detecting the necessities trough non structed interviews with the nursing team and observation in practice, we developed a CAP. We prepared a proceeding about nursing cares to the endotracheal intubation and a compatibilities table of drugs administrated intravenously and developed strategies related with clients’ evacuation of the GUS.
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Williams, Gavin L. "Improving fit through the integration of anthropometric data into a computer aided design and manufacture based design process." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/4328.
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For all types of clothing and body worn technologies it is important to consider how they integrate and interact with the complex shapes that form the unique profile of the human body. This interaction determines the fit of these products and it is often difficult to generate a fit that can simultaneously accommodate these complex shapes. Achieving the correct fit is determined by a number of different factors that must be combined appropriately to create the fit associated with a particular product. This is particularly applicable to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to ensure it provides protection while maintaining comfort, mobility and good interaction with the surrounding environment. Integrating suitable anthropometric data into the design and manufacture of this type of clothing plays a critical role in achieving a good fit. By using various processes of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM), the detail contained within these data can be quickly and accurately transferred into physical tools. The aim of this study was to demonstrate and validate a method of enhancing the fit of PPE handwear. This has been achieved through an action research strategy using descriptive and practical research methods. The research tools primarily used are case studies, used to demonstrate how manually collected 2D anthropometric data can be used to generate computer models that represent these data in a 3D form. The products of the case studies are tools that have been introduced into the design and manufacture processes of commercial handwear manufacturing environments. The tools have successfully been used to produce gloves using two different manufacturing methods and been assessed to analyse their fit. An improvement in fit for the gloves has been quantified through user trials to determine the level of increased performance afforded to the wearer. The conclusions drawn from the case studies demonstrate that the integration of anthropometric data and CAD/CAM can greatly influence the fit of handwear and improve the iterative processes of its design. However, the data alone does not achieve this as the added integration of tacit knowledge related to glove design is needed to ensure the correct properties are included to the meet the needs of the target population. The methods developed in the case studies have the potential to be applied to other products where fit and interaction with the human body are important design considerations.
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Beltrame, André Lomônaco. "Desenvolvimento de software para seleção de equipamentos de proteção auditiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-11082010-160148/.
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Os equipamentos de proteção individual devem ser utilizados após a implantação de medidas administrativas, de medidas de proteção coletiva, alterações de projeto ou em situações de emergência. Podem ser considerados como a última barreira entre um trabalhador e uma condição perigosa. A seleção destes equipamentos deve ser cuidadosa e este trabalho objetivou a criação de um programa de computador para auxiliar os profissionais responsáveis pelo processo de seleção de protetores auditivos, uma posterior comparação entre as saídas do programa com os equipamentos disponibilizados para os trabalhadores das empresas analisadas e uma análise crítica dos documentos obtidos das empresas. Foi efetuada uma revisão bibliográfica das metodologias de seleção de protetores auditivos, criando-se um fluxograma decisório, com pontos de interação com o usuário para a coleta de dados. Foram utilizados programas de prevenção de riscos ambientais de 7 empresas de mineração, identificadas as atividades cujos níveis de ruído se encontravam acima dos limites legais permitidos, determinando-se a necessidade ou não da utilização de protetores auditivos. Os dados foram introduzidos no programa, obtendo-se uma lista de equipamentos adequados para cada atividade selecionada. Compararam-se os equipamentos selecionados pelo programa com os equipamentos oferecidos pelas empresas, identificando-se as vantagens do programa. Observou-se também a baixa qualidade dos documentos emitidos pelas empresas que, em geral, não atenderam aos requisitos mínimos dispostos na legislação. Verificou-se que, quando selecionados corretamente, os equipamentos selecionados pelas empresas estavam contidos na lista de saída do programa, concluindo-se que o programa permitiu maior flexibilidade na escolha dos equipamentos de proteção auditiva, podendo se refletir em vantagens ergonômicas para os trabalhadores e econômicas para as empresas.Personal protective equipment should only be used after engineering, administrative and work practices or in emergency situations. For this reason, PPE may be considered the last line of defense between workers and a hazardous situation. This work aims to create computer software to assist safety personnel in the PPE selection process, to compare the results produced by this software with the equipment provided by the companies when data from exposures were input and a critical analysis of the documents provided by the companies. A search for the PPE selection methods was conducted, generating a flowchart for hearing protector selection that was implemented in a web site. Data from risk management programs of 7 Brazilian mining companies were used as input to the software once the high risk of noise exposure activities were identified. A list of adequate equipment was then generated by the software and this list was compared to the list of equipments provided by each company. After a critical analysis the software advantages were found to be the higher flexibility in the choice of hearing protectors brought by the much larger list of adequate equipment. Additional advantages include the smaller amount of time spent looking for the correct choice and the ability to provide multiple choices of equipment for workers to choose from, which increases the comfort and thus the compliance to the PPE program. The quality of the documents provided by the companies was found to be low and lacking several requirements of Brazilian Law. The created software was found to be a useful tool, further testing and improvements are needed to increase its usability and to consolidate it as an asset to health and workplace safety professionals.
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Lee, Angela. "The development of a project process evaluation (PPE) framework that aims to measure the effectiveness of implementing a new design and construction project process." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26768/.
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Increased globalised competition and the need to meet continuously changing customer requirements has forced the UK construction industry to consider its practice. The industry has been repeatedly criticised for its inefficiency, fragmentation, profitability, and lack of co-ordination and communication by many governmental and institutional reports (Phillips, 1950; Emmerson, 1962; Banwell, 1964; Gyles, 1992; Latham, 1994; Egan, 1998). Latham and Egan cited that process improvement and learning from the manufacturing industry could aid the prevailing situation. Following such recommendations, a number of construction clients started developing their own design and construction process, including BAA (British Airports Authority), BAe (British Aerospace) and London Underground, as a way to improve the prevailing situation. An appraisal of these industrial approaches highlighted a common structure that contributed to the development of the Generic Design and Construction Process Protocol (GDCPP). This research project, led by the University of Salford, proved to be the impetus for a flurry of other construction companies to remodel their processes. However, the success of a construction project is not always directly attributed to the performance of the new project process, and vice versa. Framed in these terms, how can the effectiveness of implementing a new design and construction project process be measured in recompense to this growing trend of process improvement? Construction performance measurement today is myopic. For too long, construction organisations have focused on short-termism. If they are to remain competitive, they need to embrace broader issues other than the traditional time cost and quality metrics of construction performance (Love & Holt, 2000). They must also consider the performance of the project process itself (Neely et al, 2000) as to determine the true barriers to success, be that the process itself or implementation factors. However, there is at present a lack of understanding on how the measurement of project processes should be approached. This is attributable in part to the absence of publicly available information, and in part to the inherent difficulty of measuring a complex and creative process. This thesis describes the development of the project process evaluation (PPE) framework that aims to address this research gap. Literature reviews and a scoping survey questionnaire were used in this research investigation for the discovery and building of the PPE framework. The framework consists of five steps, which guides the user from the identification of performance indicators governing the selection of the new project process, through into a knowledge-learning domain in order to improve upon future projects. A case study research strategy was then used to test and validate the model, which employed various research methods to collect both qualitative and quantitative data for the study; the Process Protocol was deployed on the case studies in order to certify the framework. The resulting PPE framework provides an original, prototypical solution to assessing the effectiveness of implementing a new design and construction project process.
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Du, Bing [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Abetz. "Functionalization of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Localization of Functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in an SAN/PPE Blend / Bing Du. Betreuer: Volker Abetz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045730424/34.
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Rivas, Federico Andrade. "Influence of risk perceptions and social context on working for water herbicide sprayers' Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compliance in the Western Cape of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6097.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The exposure of workers and farmers to herbicides in middle- and low-income countries is an important public health issue with a significant negative impact on their short- and long-term health status. Besides the possible acute effects, long term exposures to low doses of herbicides leads to accumulation in the body which might lead to chronic health effects. The exposure to herbicides of substances is associated with different types of cancers, Parkinson’s, insulin resistance, obesity and endocrine disruptions. Maternal exposure to herbicides have been associated with the prevalence of small-for-gestational-age and foetal gastroschisis. Farmers and workers from low-income countries are at greater risk of exposure given the spraying techniques used, deficient risk communication tools and the inadequate or lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use. In addition, underlying factors such as poor nutrition and immune system status might increase the risk to develop acute or chronic illness related to herbicide exposure. The Working for Water (WfW) programme was launched in 1995 to control invasive alien vegetation while simultaneously contributing to alleviate poverty. The programme, which relies on chemical and hand/mechanical removal mechanisms, is now running in all nine South African provinces and is one of the world’s largest programmes addressing removal of invasive alien vegetation. Despite the extensive policy and management efforts of the WfW programme, workers are at risk of harmful exposures to herbicides and therefore new exposure reduction interventions must be implemented. This study is part of a larger project, which is focused on developing a peer-based intervention to improve WfW current prevention strategies.
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Wunderlich, Simon. "Optimizing Applications and Message-Passing Libraries for the QPACE Architecture." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-89975.
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The goal of the QPACE project is to build a novel cost-efficient massive parallel supercomputer optimized for LQCD (Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics) applications. Unlike previous projects which use custom ASICs, this is accomplished by using the general purpose multi-core CPU PowerXCell 8i processor tightly coupled with a custom network processor implemented on a modern FPGA. The heterogeneous architecture of the PowerXCell 8i processor and its core-independent OS-bypassing access to the custom network hardware and application-oriented 3D torus topology pose interesting challenges for the implementation of the applications. This work will describe and evaluate the implementation possibilities of message passing APIs: the more general MPI, and the more QCD-oriented QMP, and their performance in PPE centric or SPE centric scenarios. These results will then be employed to optimize HPL for the QPACE architecture. Finally, the developed approaches and concepts will be briefly discussed regarding their applicability to heterogeneous node/network architectures as is the case in the "High-speed Network Interface with Collective Operation Support for Cell BE (NICOLL)" project.
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DENMAN, JERNBERG FANNY. "Termisk komfort hos sågskyddsutrustning : Om sågskyddstextilens inverkan på komforten i sågskyddsplagg." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18016.
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Det här examensarbetet om 15 högskolepoäng behandlar sågskyddstextilens bidrag till komfortnivån i sågskyddsplagg. Personlig skyddsutrustning kräver att materialet innehar specifika egenskaper vilka ofta står i konflikt med en god komfortnivå. För sågskyddsutrustning liksom flera andra typer av skyddsutrustning är det främst den termiska komforten som begränsas. Det kan få inverkar på både arbetsförmåga och hälsa för användaren, så att utrustningen inte bara höjer säkerheten utan samtidigt riskerar den. Variationen i mätbar termisk komfort har studerats genom att ett urval av varptrikåvaror avsedda att användas som sågskydd testats avseende komfortegenskaperna ångmotstånd, luftgenomsläpplighet och vätskeledningsförmåga. Resultatet har ställts mot konstruktionsvariablerna kvadratmetervikt och masktäthet med hjälp av linjär regression för att eventuella samband skulle framträda. Vidare har en enkätundersökning utförts med syfte att ge en bild av hur användaren av textil sågskyddsutrustning i form av sågskyddsbyxor uppfattar komforten eller bristen därav i ett sådant plagg. Resultatet av materialtesterna tyder på en stor variation vad gäller de testade egenskaperna. Störst var variationen i vätskeledningsförmåga och därefter ångmotstånd. Lägst var variationen i luftgenomsläpplighet. Genomgående var att inget material var bäst eller sämst i alla tester, utan materialen fick spridda placeringar räknat över de tre testmetoderna. Resultatet för de två foder som var med i testerna tyder på att val av foder kan få stor betydelse. Framförallt för vätskeledningsförmågan, där skillnaden mellan de två fodren var som störst. Resultatet av enkäten tillsammans med den genomförda litteraturundersökningen visar på att just termisk komfort är av största betydelse för användaren av textil sågskyddsutrustning. Det trots att även andra komfortbrister nämndes av de som svarade på enkäten. Genom att branschen anammar och arbetar vidare med resultatet av det här arbetet skulle lägsta nivån för termisk komfort hos sågskyddstextil kunna stiga. Dessutom skulle arbetet kunna bidra till en ökad medvetenhet hos branschen kring riskerna med för låg termisk komfort i skyddsutrustning.Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen
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Reto, Saba Alexandra Melissa, and Carbajal Renzo Saúl Sanabria. "Propuesta de uso de concreto liviano estructural con Perlita de Poliestireno Expandido (PPE) para mejorar la respuesta sísmica de un sistema de albañilería confinada en Lima, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656494.
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Hoy en día existen diversas estructuras en la que se ha dado la aplicación del concreto liviano estructural, por lo que empresas contratistas apuestan por agregados livianos para fabricar concreto liviano de alta resistencia y que cumpla con sus requisitos de diseño. Estos estudios comenzaron a principios de la década de 1980, con óptimos resultados en 1992. Como resultado de todos estos aportes, la información de diseño se ha convertido al alcance de muchos profesionales, y ha permitido que el concreto liviano sea utilizado en alta resistencia y alta durabilidad (Hoff 1992). Es por ello mismo, que nuestra investigación propone el uso de un concreto liviano estructural con perlita de poliestireno expandido en un sistema de albañilería confinada.
Este estudio comprende la elaboración del diseño de un concreto liviano estructural; en primer lugar, se investigó un rango apropiado de perlita ya que según Thanon y Jihad (2016) señalan que para obtener óptimos resultados en resistencia a compresión la dosificación de perlita debe variar entre un intervalo de 13-23% ,y es por ello mismo que se escoge trabajar con un porcentaje de 16 % de perlita de poliestireno expandido, pero para términos de comprobación en las propiedades térmicas, también se diseñó con 26% y 36% de perlita; en segundo lugar, para proceder a realizar el diseño del concreto se diseña en base a los requisitos mínimos que establece ACI 318 y con referencias en ACI 211R, la cual interviene en ciertos parámetros para obtener las características de un concreto liviano estructural.Today there are various structures in which there has been the application of lightweight structural concrete, so contractor companies are committed to lightweight aggregates to manufacture lightweight, high strength concrete that meets its design requirements. These studies conducted in the early 1980s, with optimal results in 1992. As a result of all these contributions, design information has become available to many professionals, and has allowed light concrete to be used for new applications and novelties where high strength and high durability are desirable (Hoff 1992). That is why our research proposes the use of a lightweight structural concrete with expanded polystyrene bead in a confined masonry system for single-family homes. This study includes the development of the design of a lightweight structural concrete; First, a range of bead was investigated since according to Thanon and Jihad (2016) it was pointed out that to obtain optimum results in compressive strength the dosage of perlite must vary between a range of 13-23%, and that is why same that it is chosen to work with a percentage of 16% expanded polystyrene perlite, but for terms of checking the thermal properties, it is also designed with 26% and 36% perlite; secondly, to proceed with the design of the concrete, it is designed based on the minimum requirements established by ACI 318 and with references in ACI 211R, the quality of intervention in specific parameters to obtain the characteristics of a lightweight structural concrete.
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Godoy, Fernanda Ribeiro. "ANÁLISE MOLECULAR DOS POLIMORFISMOS DOS GENES GSTM1 E GSTT1 EM INDIVÍDUOS OCUPACIONALMENTE EXPOSTOS A AGROTOXICOS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2372.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-15The impact of pesticide on agricultural workers is an issue that has received attention from the scientific community worldwide. Occupational exposure of agricultural workers occurs due to lack of information or lack of skilled technical resources. These workers are exposed to pesticides in crops and this exposure may be responsible for genetic damage causing a health issue. A problem with the use of pesticides is the genotoxicity, which may lead to the onset of diseases. Little is known about the relationship between genotoxicity and genetic polymorphisms xenobiotics metabolism that can modify individual susceptibility. Therefore, there is a need to study genes as glutathione-S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and glutathione-Stransferase theta (GSTT1) encoding detoxification enzymes. These enzymes promote the conjugation of glutathione facilitating removal of xenobiotics. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the variability of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides in Goias municipalities that present intense agricultural activity. We evaluated 235 individuals which 120 were rural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 115 individuals were not exposed to pesticides, forming the control group. The exposed group consisted of 111 men and 9 women only getting an average of 39 + 9 years old. These workers were form 12 rural municipalities situated at Goias state with intense agricultural activity. It was found that 18% of the exposed individuals had the GSTT1 null genotype and 49% had the GSTM1 null genotype, and 10% had both null genotypes. Data as intoxication (41%), use of Personal Protection Equipment (52%) and if the worker handled the pesticide (7%), or if just applied the pesticide (22%) or if the worker manipulated and applied (71%) have all been correlated with genetic polymorphisms. There were no statistically significant differences between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms between control and exposed groups. Thus, the study of genetic polymorphisms as biomarkers of susceptibility is of fundamental importance in understanding the processes involved in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and could help minimize the risk to susceptible individuals who are exposed to pesticides.
O impacto do uso de agrotóxicos sobre os trabalhadores rurais é um problema que tem merecido atenção da comunidade científica em todo o mundo. A exposição ocupacional de trabalhadores agrícolas ocorre por falta de informação ou pela ausência de recursos técnicos qualificados. Esses trabalhadores estão constantemente expostos aos agrotóxicos que utilizam nas lavouras, e esta exposição pode ser responsável por danos genéticos causando um risco para a saúde. Um dos problemas da utilização de agrotóxicos é a genotoxicidade, que pode levar ao aparecimento de doenças. Pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre a genotoxicidade e a variação de polimosfismos genéticos de metabolização de xenobióticos que podem modificar a suscetibilidade individual aos efeitos genotóxicos dos agrotóxicos. Neste sentido, há a necessidade do estudo de genes como a glutationa-S-tranferase mu (GSTM1) e glutationa-S transferase teta (GSTT1) que codificam enzimas de detoxificação de compostos genotóxicos. Tais enzimas promovem a conjugação da glutationa facilitando remoção dos xenobióticos. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade polimórfica de GSTT1 e GSTM1 em indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos a pesticidas, em municípios goianos com intensa atividade agrícola. Foram avaliados 235 indivíduos sendo que 120 eram trabalhadores rurais, ocupacionalmente expostos a agrotóxicos e 115 eram indivíduos não expostos a agrotóxicos, formando o grupo controle. O grupo exposto consistiu de 111 homens e apenas 9 mulheres obtendo uma média de idade 39 + 9 anos. Estes trabalhadores rurais eram de 12 municípios goianos com intensa atividade agrícola. Verificou-se que 18% dos indivíduos expostos possuíam o genótipo GSTT1 nulo e 49% apresentaram o genótipo GSTM1 nulo, e que 10% apresentaram ambos os genótipos nulos. Os dados como intoxicação (41%), uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI´s) [52%] e se o trabalhador apenas manipulava o agrotóxico (7%), ou se apenas aplicava o agrotóxico (22%) ou se manipulava e aplicava (71%), foram todos correlacionados com os polimorfismos genéticos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os polimorfismos dos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 entre os grupos exposto e controle (p = ˃ 0,05) . Dessa forma, o estudo de polimorfismos genéticos como biomarcadores de suscetibilidade é de importância fundamental na compreensão dos processos de distribuição genotípica envolvidos na mutagênese e carcinogênese e poderia ajudar a minimizar os riscos para indivíduos suscetíveis que são expostos a agrotóxicos.
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BHIDE, ASHWINI M. "ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147378056.
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Hassan, Syed Ahmed. "Health, safety and environmental practices in the construction sector of Pakistan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183327.
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Many south Asian countries are deficient in appropriate documentation, legislation and surveillance related to occupational health and safety (OHS). All these countries have high OHS incidence rate and labourers working in these countries are constantly exposed to occupational accidents and diseases. Although occupational accidents and work-related concerns have been in debate for a long time, no concrete moves have been taken, making situations worse and posing consistent coercions to an increasing labour force. The current research was carried out to examine the main hazards faced by construction workers in Pakistan and the response of health, safety and environment (HSE) department in plummeting these hazards and in certaining sustainability in construction companies in Pakistan. Workers working in the construction industry are incessantly bared to unsafe working conditions and have to confront several kind of hazards. This embraces exposure to sound, dust and toxic substances, issues of ergonomics, stress etc. This study employed a comprehensive fact-finding design. Data was harbored using interviews, academic articles and reports from international and national organisations. Employer, administration and labourers all lack knowledge about OHS issues in Pakistan. The majority of the labourers are unskilled, uninformed and unregistered. There are no native directives, which are coupled with both OHS and the construction industry. There is an absence of safety ethics, and neither reporting nor monitoring is conducted in the construction business. Companies see HSE issues as an economic burden which will eventually end up mounting production costs. Labourers don’t follow safety instructions; they don’t wear personal protective equipment (PPE), they reckon wearing this equipment would cause obstruction in their work and would influence their productivity. The use of PPE is essential in the construction activity, as it is considered as the last line of defence. All this has affected the construction industry tremendously collectively in terms of financial loss, human loss and image loss, and injury incidence rates have increased alarmingly. Implementation of sustainable development is a core responsibility of an HSE department. Dearth of HSE means lack of sustainability in the construction sector. Today, sustainability is an important aspect of development. It means that development should not only be economically feasable but also socially and environmentally viable both for current and future generations. There is much need to formulate new strict policy and laws or to amend old ones, laws which are effective and practical in promoting HSE and sustainability norms in the construction sector of Pakistan. The main hazards that are faced by construction workers are falling from height, lifting activity and electrocution. HSE departments play a chief role in minimizing worksite accidents and in promoting sustainable development in work settings. For ensuring sustainable practices on construction sites, HSE departments formulate integrated working policy, keeping in mind social, environmental and econmical aspects and considering inputs from all stakeholders. In addition, they look for innovative green technologies and green materials which are more environmental friendly, economical and require less energy.
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Guedes, Erika de Souza. "Atitudes do pessoal de enfermagem relacionadas ao processo de enfermagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-11102013-155126/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A legislação em enfermagem prevê o uso da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE). As atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre o processo de enfermagem (PE) e o poder clínico que percebem ter para realizar mudanças são fatores potencialmente associados ao processo de implantação e manutenção da SAE. OBJETIVOS: Descrever as atitudes relacionadas ao PE (disposição sobre o PE e percepção de poder clínico) de auxiliares de enfermagem e enfermeiros; analisar associações entre atitudes relacionadas ao processo de enfermagem e variáveis selecionadas. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de delineamento transversal, com amostra não probabilística de 973 auxiliares de enfermagem e 632 enfermeiros de 35 hospitais e ambulatórios vinculados à Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo (86,9% do sexo feminino, idade média de 44,12 anos (DP= 9,55), 52,3% trabalhavam em hospitais gerais, cerca de 44 horas semanais, estavam nas instituições há 10 anos em média). Os dados foram coletados por meio de resposta ao instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e aos questionários padronizados Posições sobre o Processo de Enfermagem (PPE) adaptado para esse estudo e o Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool- versão brasileira (PKPCT), que apresentaram boas estimativas de validade e confiabilidade. Testes não paramétricos foram usados para analisar associação entre as atitudes relacionadas ao PE e as variáveis selecionadas. RESULTADOS: O escore total médio no PPE foi de 112,37 (DP=22,28) e o escore total médio no PKPCT foi de 281,12 (DP= 38,72) para os 1605 respondentes. Houve associação entre as duas atitudes relacionadas ao PE e categoria profissional, a atitude dos enfermeiros sobre o PE foi mais favorável que a dos auxiliares de enfermagem (p=0,024) e a percepção de poder dos enfermeiros foi mais elevada que a dos auxiliares de enfermagem (p=0,004). Houve correlação positiva moderada entre os escores do PPE e do PKPCT para os auxiliares (r=0,480; p=0,000) e para os enfermeiros (r=0,460; p=0,000). Os auxiliares do sexo feminino tiveram disposição sobre o PE (111,93) mais favorável que os do sexo masculino (106,11) (p=0,018) e maior percepção de poder (279,75 vs 270,84) (p=0,020); na amostra de enfermeiros não houve associação entre essas variáveis. Apenas para os auxiliares de enfermagem ter pós-graduação associou-se significativamente a maiores médias de atitude sobre o PE (119,0, p=0,011). As enfermeiras que relataram ter cargo de chefia apresentaram escores de percepção de poder mais elevados (293,52) que as enfermeiras sem cargo de chefia (282,61 p=0,010), mas não houve associação entre cargo de chefia e atitude sobre o PE. As associações entre os escores do PPE e PKPCT e as variáveis idade, tempo de formado, atividade principal, satisfação com a carreira, satisfação com o local de trabalho, conhecimento e contato com a SAE foram de intensidade desprezível no caso das correlações ou não significantes ao nível de 5%.INTRODUCTION: The Brazilian nursing legislation requires that the nursing process (NP) is documented in all health institution. Attitudes of nursing staff towards the nursing process (NP) and their perception on their own clinical power to make changes are factors potentially associated with implementation and maintenance of the NP. OBJECTIVES: To describe the attitudes towards NP (attitudes on NP and perception of clinical power) of auxiliary nurses and baccalaureate nurses; and to analyze associations between attitudes towards the NP and selected variables. METHODS: An exploratory descriptive study with cross-sectional design, with a non-probabilistic sample of 973 auxiliary nurses and 632 baccalaureate nurses from 35 health agencies linked to the Ministry of Health of São Paulo, Brazil (86.9% female, mean age = 44.12 years (SD = 9.55), 52.3% worked in general hospitals, about 44 hours per week, were in institutions for 10 years on average). Data were collected by self-report using a form for personal, educational and other social data, and the Positions on Nursing Process (PNP) tool, adapted for this study, and the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool-Brazilian version (PKPCT), which showed good estimates of validity and reliability. Nonparametric tests were used to test associations between attitudes towards the NP and the selected variables. RESULTS: The mean PNP total score was 112.37 (SD = 22.28) (possible range = 20-140) and the mean PKPCT total score was 281.12 (SD = 38.72) (possible range = 48-336) for 1605 subjects. There was an association between the two PNP-related attitudes and professional category; the attitude of baccalaureate nurses on the NP was more favorable than that of auxiliary nursing (p = 0.024) and perceived clinical power of the baccalaureate nurses was higher than that of the auxiliary nurses (p = 0.004). There was moderate positive correlation between the scores of the PNP and PKPCT for auxiliary nurses (r = 0,480, p = 0.000) and baccalaureate nurses (r = 0.460, p = 0.000). The female auxiliary nurses had higher scores on PNP (111.93vs 106.11; p = 0.018) and PKPCT (279.75vs. 270.84; p = 0.020) than the male ones. There were no associations between sex an attitudes towards NP among baccalaureate nurses. Only for auxiliary nurses sample attending a continuing education program was associated with higher NP scores (119.0, p = 0.011). Baccalaureate nurses serving in leadership positions had higher mean total score on PKPCT (293.52) than nurses serving in direct care (282.61 p = 0.010), but there was no association between leadership position and PNP scores. Association tests for scores of the PNP and PKPCT and the variables age, time since graduation, main activity, satisfaction with the career, satisfaction with the workplace, knowledge on NP and contact with the NP resulted in negligible correlation coefficients or non-significant coefficients at 5%.
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Oliva, Alessandro. "Presidi di Sicurezza per il Contrasto alla Pandemia mediante Integrazione e Ingegnerizzazione di Soluzioni di Visione Artificiale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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La pandemia di COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), tuttora in corso con la diffusione di nuove varianti, porta alla necessità di disporre di presidi a tutela della sicurezza delle persone ricorrendo a soluzioni di computer vision. Queste soluzioni possono essere integrate a soluzioni di sicurezza sul lavoro, al fine di ottimizzare l'impiego delle risorse disponibili dagli enti che effettuano questi monitoraggi, come aziende o enti pubblici. Il lavoro proposto ha lo scopo di sviluppare soluzioni di rilevamento di mascherine indossate correttamente, conteggio di persone all'interno di una stanza passando attraverso una porta, rilevamento dei dispositivi di sicurezza indosso al lavoratore e classificazione della corretta esecuzione di una attività di manutenzione (in questo caso su una bicicletta). Le specifiche di queste soluzioni devono massimizzare lo sfruttamento dell'hardware a disposizione, permettendo di essere distribuite su piattaforme con risorse limitate mantenendo il giusto compromesso tra prestazioni e qualità dei modelli. Sono state sperimentate diverse architetture per le varie soluzioni basate su YOLO, SSD e Transformer, le quali, anziché essere implementate con diversi framework come spesso avviene, sono state ripensate per utilizzare una base software comune per favorire il risparmio di risorse. I modelli sono stati inoltre resi fruibili attraverso una applicazione web dedicata, permettendo agli utenti di interfacciarsi con i modelli attraverso dispositivi di acquisizione o file video.
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Kemmling, Daniel [Verfasser], and Johannes G. [Gutachter] Liese. "Parapneumonische Pleuraergüsse (PPE) und Pleuraempyeme (PE) im Kindesalter: Einfluss des therapeutischen Managements auf den Krankheitsverlauf bei 994 Kindern und Jugendlichen in einer deutschlandweiten Surveillance-Studie / Daniel Kemmling ; Gutachter: Johannes G. Liese." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205665943/34.
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Nambiar, Rakesh R. "Designing new architectures for controlling solid state properties of conjugated polymers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33935.
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Conjugated polymers and oligomers are great materials for use in the next generation devices namely organic field effect transistors, light emitting diodes and polymeric solar cells. Apart from having the potential for developing power-efficient, flexible, robust and inexpensive devices, conjugated polymers can also be tuned by molecular design to optimize device characteristics. One key problem for the full commercial exploitation of conjugated polymers is that the charge carrier mobility of the state-of-the-art polymer semiconductors is much lower than required for many applications. The performance of the devices is strongly dependent on the molecular structure and supermolecular assembly of the conjugated polymer chains. This thesis covers our attempts to design molecular structure to control and improve the solid state properties of conjugated polymers.
The relative placement of side chains along the backbone has a great influence on the solid state ordering of conjugated polymers. Poly(2,5-disubstituted-1,4-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPE)s, an important class of conjugated polymers, are generally synthesized by Pd-catalyzed coupling polymerizations of appropriately substituted diiodo and diethynyl benzenes (i.e., A-A and B-B type monomers). In asymmetrically substituted PPEs, this results in an irregular substitution pattern of the side chains along the polymer backbone. We report a new synthetic approach to prepare regioregular unsymmetrically substituted PPEs by polymerization of 4-iodophenylacetylenes (i.e., A-B type monomer). We provide a detailed discussion of various approaches to the synthesis of PPEs with different regioregularities and provide a description of the differences between regioregular and regiorandom analogs.
The effect of regioregularity becomes even more important when the two side chains are very dissimilar or amphiphilic. We explore the effect of relative placement hydrophobic (dodecyloxy) / hydrophilic (tri(ethylene glycol) and hydrophobic (dodecyloxy)/fluorophilic (fluoroalkyl) side chains along the poly(1,4-phenylene ethynylene) backbone. We found that the regioregular substitution of the polymer backbone provides a structure in which the side chains segregate to afford a Janus-type structure. The regioregular polymer chains pack more densely in a monolayer at the air-water interface, and pack into a bilayer in the solid state to form a highly crystalline material.
Pentacenes are very important organic molecules for use as semiconductor in oFETs due to their low band gap and high field effect mobility. One approach to reduce the bandgap of a polymeric system and improve performance is to include low bandgap small molecules into the conjugated backbone. A new copolymer system consisting of pentacene and terthiophene was developed and its optical and electronic properties along with its stability were evaluated.
We report the use of ultrasonication of P3HT as a novel operationally-simple process to significantly improve the field effect mobility of P3HT-based FETs, thereby potentially eliminating the need for dielectric surface modifications or further processing of the device. Investigation of the sonicated polymer samples by number of characterization techniques indicates that ultrasonication leads to aggregation and ordering of the P3HT chains resulting in increase in the mobility.
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Xi-Hua, Li. "A Real-time Counting-measuring Method for PPM(PPK) Signals." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612915.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaOn the disscussion of custom real-time counting-measuring method, this paper presents a new method suitable for the working condition of non-man duty, which possesses the feature of 100ns counting-measuring accuracy and high fidelity. In addition, the concept of “Signal-time/digit converter” is proposed for the first time and the principle and working procedure of this method are introduced in brief.
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Principi, Emiliano. "Progettazione e valutazione del comportamento ad impatto di un dispositivo di monitoraggio e memorizzazione integrabile nei dispositivi di protezione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Negli ultimi anni le statistiche relative ad infortuni ed incidenti nel mondo del lavoro, nel settore delle due ruote e del volo libero mostrano una discreta riduzione dei casi che si assesta però, in tutti e tre gli ambiti, intorno ad un plateau con valori che restano preoccupanti. In contemporanea, le istituzioni prima e l’opinione pubblica poi hanno sviluppato una sempre più crescente coscienza dell’importanza della sicurezza sia sul luogo di lavoro che in altri contesti. Questo inevitabilmente ha influito in modo positivo sul mercato dei dispositivi di protezione attraverso un aumento della domanda ed allo stesso tempo si è avuto un impulso per lo sviluppo di dispositivi innovativi rispetto a quanto già offerto.
Questo scenario ci ha spinti a proporre un nuovo concetto di DPI rispetto ai vecchi canoni, ovvero l’obiettivo è stato rendere tali sistemi automatici, attivi, interattivi e dotati di memoria, così da ottenere un significativo incremento di sicurezza per l’utente finale.
Il seguente studio descrive, dall’idea al prototipo, il progetto di un dispositivo elettronico di monitoraggio e memorizzazione, in grado di attivare autonomamente il gonfiaggio di airbag disposti a protezione dell’utente ed integrabile in indumenti e/o attrezzature. In particolare l’analisi verifica in prima approssimazione, qualora si abbia caduta dall’alto, la bontà o meno della resistenza all’urto delle configurazioni scelte per l’integrazione dell’elettronica.
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Garcia, Eduardo Garcia. "Segurança e saúde no tabalho rural com agrotóxicos: contribuição para uma abordagem mais abrangente." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-20032012-130015/.
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Este trabalho teve como principal propósito discutir a segurança e a saúde no trabalho rural com agrotóxicos, especialmente no Brasil. De modo geral, essa discussão tem se limitado à proposição de medidas individuais de controle de riscos. Segundo conceitos de segurança e higiene do trabalho estas deveriam ser propostas como complementação às medidas coletivas de controle de riscos, consideradas prioritárias. No entanto, as medidas coletivas não têm sido abordadas como objeto principal dessa discussão. Assim, o trabalho buscou analisar as limitações práticas e conceituais do enfoque predominante e mostrar a necessidade de ampliar a discussão através da proposição de medidas coletivas para enfrentar a complexa questão que envolve as condições de trabalho com agrotóxicos. O trabalho baseia-se, principalmente, em revisão bibliográfica. Na primeira parte do trabalho faz-se uma exposição buscando mostrar a dimensão da utilização dos agrotóxicos e as principais culturas em que são empregados. Apresentam-se indicativos do potencial de exposição da população que trabalha com esses produtos. Procede-se, ainda, a uma descrição sobre os principais impactos provocados pelos agrotóxicos na agricultura, no meio ambiente e na saúde humana. A segunda parte dedica-se à discussão das medidas para o controle dos riscos no trabalho com agrotóxicos. Primeiramente se procede a uma análise do enfoque que responsabiliza basicamente ao usuário pelos problemas decorrentes do uso dos agrotóxicos. Exemplifica-se a sua predominância entre os diversos segmentos envolvidos com a questão, discutem-se os possíveis motivos que levam à essa predominância e analisam-se as limitações conceituais desse enfoque. Em seguida são discutidas as medidas individuais de controle de riscos, evidenciando-se principalmente as dificuldades de ordem prática para sua implantação nas condições do trabalho rural. A importância, os problemas, e as necessidades relacionadas aos equipamentos de proteção individual nas atividades de trabalho com agrotóxicos são detalhadamente analisados. Também se discute a eficácia das medidas de controle de riscos baseadas exclusivamente no comportamento do trabalhador. A seguir, faz-se uma abordagem das medidas coletivas cabíveis para o controle de riscos no trabalho rural com agrotóxicos. Dois campos de ação são examinados como medidas de engenharia para o controle de riscos: os sistemas de aplicação dos agrotóxicos e o processo de produção agrícola. Discutem-se as condições de segurança dos equipamentos de aplicação mais comumente empregados em nosso meio e sugere-se a obrigatoriedade de colocar no mercado apenas os equipamentos considerados mais seguros. Na discussão sobre o controle de riscos no processo produtivo agrícola, analisam-se as práticas produtivas que propiciam a instalação de pragas e doenças nas lavouras e as vantagens do Manejo Integrado de Pragas - MIP - enquanto sistema que minimiza a necessidade de agrotóxicos. Depois analisam-se as condições necessárias para sua difusão, especialmente entre os pequenos produtores rurais. Propõe-se, ainda, a inclusão da segurança do trabalhador rural como um dos parâmetros de decisão para a definição das medidas de controle de pragas no MIP. Além das medidas de engenharia, face às carências estruturais de ordem técnica, social e econômica existentes no país, propõe-se como medida essencial o controle da disponibilidade dos agrotoxicos, especialmente dos mais tóxicos, através de mecanismos legais e econômicos. Evidencia-se a necessidade de proceder a análises de impacto econômico e de risco/benefício nos casos de restrições e banimentos, assim como também para o registro de agrotóxicos. O estabelecimento de políticas de taxação e de regulamentação de preços, visando desviar a preferência dos agricultores pelos produtos mais perigosos para os de menor risco, também é considerado. Propõe-se. ainda, que se estude as estratégias adotadas em programas de redução geral no uso de agrotóxicos que estão sendo realizados em diversos países, segundo as condições existentes no Brasil, pois os resultados que vêm sendo obtidos não comprometem a produção agrícola e têm trazido benefícios para o meio ambiente e para a saúde pública. Por fim, recomenda-se que o Poder Público estabeleça estratégias e garanta a necessária estrutura de suporte para a definição de uma política conseqüente de segurança e saúde no trabalho com agrotóxicosThis dissertation had the main purpose of\' discussing safety and health concerning the use of pesticides in agriculture, in Brazil. This discussion has usually been limited to the proposal of individual risk control precautions which, according to occupational safety and hygiene concepts, should be proposed as complements of collective control precautions. Although collective control is assigned as priority, it has not been at the central focus of this discussion as it should be. Thus, the dissertation aimed to examine conceptual and practical limitations of the prevailing focus and to highlight the need of a broad reflection in order to point out collective proposals to face the complex problem of working with these chemicals. Bibliographical references were examined and considered in this analysis. The first part presents data of pesticide use and of potential exposure of rural workers in Brazil. It also describes the main impacts pesticides cause in agriculture, in the environment and in human health. The second part discusses risk control in pesticide usage. First it is analyzed the prevailing approach that points the worker as the responsible of pesticide related problems. Examples are provided to show how this predominance took place and to present the conceptual limitations associated with it. Arguments about the importance of collective pesticide risk control are added. The main practical difficulties concerning the implementation of personal protective equipments in rural work conditions are presented. The importance, the problems and the needs related to personal protection in the pesticide working activities are examined in detail; as well as the effectiveness of occupational hazard controlling methods based exclusively in the workers\' behavior. Then, collective control measures aimed to rural work with pesticides are discussed. Two levels of action are examined as risk control engineering: pesticide application methods and the agricultural production system. Safety conditions of the most commonly used pesticide application devices are discussed, and it is suggested that only the equipments considered safer should be available in the market. The discussion of the agricultural production process as a risk control procedure itself follows, and production practices that favors the incidence of pest attacks arc compared to the advantages of the Integrated Pest Management as a system that reduces the need of pesticide use to a minimum, the conditions required to the Integrated Pest Management to become widespread, specially to small farms, are considered. It is also suggested that rural worker safety should be taken into account as one of the parameters to decision-making in Integrated Pest Management. Besides engineering measures, legal and economical constraints are proposed as important means to accomplish effective control of pesticides availability, specially of the most toxic chemicals, to cope with the structural technical, social and economical deficiencies faced by the country. The need of undergoing cost/benefit and economical impact analysis studies for the cases of banishment or severe use restriction of specific chemicals are stressed. The same studies should be applied to product registration procedures. Tax and price policies should also be established in order to dissuade farmers of using highly toxic pesticides, therefore stimulating preference for less dangerous products. It is also proposed that general pesticide usage reduction strategies ongoing in other countries should be studied accordingly to Brazilian conditions. These experiences has shown the possibility of reductions in pesticide usage with little or without losses in agricultural production along with real benefits to the environment and public health. Finally, the establishment of strategies and regulations enforcement by public authorities are recommended as necessary actions to compose a policy that aims to safety and health in the work with pesticides
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Sabol, Todd C. "Season Long Changes in Performance Outcome Measures Using the Functional Preparticipation Examination." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492722077812488.
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Nasim, Mohammed. "Neck protection development and a proposal of the associated standard for the motorcyclists." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426339.
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Motorcyclists (including moped riders) are the most vulnerable road users in terms of injury protection. Though the head and the extremities are the most affected body parts in motorcycle accidents, the occurrence of serious to fatal injuries is often due to the injuries in the cervical spine according to the literature.
Although a variety of neck braces exists in the market to protect the neck from being injured in motorcycle accidents, the effectiveness of those neck braces is not clear due to the lack of scientific evidence of the injury reduction. Moreover, the absence of standard test methods makes the quality assessment process of the braces incomplete. Hence, the development of a common regulation should be the main focus in order to evaluate all the neck braces available in the market and also the future neck protective systems. It is important to define a neck injury assessment process based on the impact conditions of motorcycle accidents. However, a lack of accidental and experimental data on injury mechanisms limits the potential of the standard development research.
The main objective of this study is to contribute to the development of new personal protective equipment (PPE) focusing on neck protection for the motorcyclists. Moreover, the study aims to provide some ideas to develop the standardization procedures for the future EU standards for neck protectors.
New functional prototypes, as neck protective systems, were designed for the motorcyclists. However, more focus has been given on the neck injury mechanisms and new test methods rather than on the development of new neck protectors. For such reason, a new biofidelic finite element (FE) neck model was developed and coupled with Hybrid III head model. In the following steps, a rigid torso was added to the neck model, the neck protective systems were coupled with FE head-neck-torso model and six different test conditions were simulated. The results were analyzed as functions of upper and lower neck forces, head acceleration, head rotation relative to torso, different impact speeds, and available neck injury criteria.
The key suggestions provided in this thesis include modification of the ambient impact test method for motorcyclists’ impact protectors, improvement of the design of neck protective systems, advancement of different test methods for neck protectors, investigation for new neck injury assessment process and direction to develop standards for neck protectors.I motociclisti (compresi i ciclomotori) sono gli utenti della strada più vulnerabili in termini di protezione degli infortuni. Sebbene la testa e le estremità siano le parti del corpo più colpite negli incidenti in moto, il verificarsi di lesioni gravi o mortali è spesso dovuto alle lesioni nella colonna cervicale secondo la letteratura. Sebbene sul mercato esista una varietà di bretelle per proteggere il collo da lesioni in incidenti in moto, l'efficacia di queste bretelle non è chiara a causa della mancanza di prove scientifiche sulla riduzione degli infortuni. Inoltre, l'assenza di metodi di prova standard rende incompleto il processo di valutazione della qualità delle parentesi graffe. Quindi, lo sviluppo di una regolamentazione comune dovrebbe essere l'obiettivo principale per valutare tutti i collari disponibili sul mercato e anche i futuri sistemi di protezione del collo. È importante definire un processo di valutazione della lesione del collo in base alle condizioni di impatto degli incidenti in moto. Tuttavia, la mancanza di dati accidentali e sperimentali sui meccanismi di pregiudizio limita il potenziale della ricerca di sviluppo standard. L'obiettivo principale di questo studio è di contribuire allo sviluppo di nuovi dispositivi di protezione individuale (DPI) incentrati sulla protezione del collo per i motociclisti. Inoltre, lo studio mira a fornire alcune idee per sviluppare le procedure di standardizzazione per i futuri standard UE per i protettori del collo. Nuovi prototipi funzionali, come sistemi di protezione del collo, sono stati progettati per i motociclisti. Tuttavia, è stata data maggiore attenzione ai meccanismi di lesione del collo e ai nuovi metodi di prova piuttosto che allo sviluppo di nuovi protettori del collo. Per questo motivo, è stato sviluppato un nuovo modello di collo a elementi finiti biofidelici (FE), abbinato al modello di testa Hybrid III. Nei seguenti passaggi, un modello rigido del collo è stato aggiunto al modello del collo, i sistemi di protezione del collo sono stati accoppiati con il modello di testa-collo-torso FE e sono state simulate sei diverse condizioni di test. I risultati sono stati analizzati come funzioni delle forze del collo superiore e inferiore, accelerazione della testa, rotazione della testa rispetto al torso, diverse velocità di impatto e criteri di lesione del collo disponibili. I suggerimenti chiave forniti in questa tesi includono la modifica del metodo di prova dell'impatto ambientale per i protettori di impatto dei motociclisti, il miglioramento del design dei sistemi di protezione del collo, l'avanzamento di diversi metodi di prova per i protettori del collo, l'investigazione per il nuovo processo di valutazione del collo e la direzione da sviluppare standard per i protettori del collo.
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Xi-Hua, Li. "A NEW DATA PROCESSING TECHNIQUE OF PPM/PPK WITHOUT THE REFERENCE PULSE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613478.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis paper describes the technical principle that signals conversion, data-processing and data storage are directly carried out without filling up with the reference pulse for PPM and PPK (pulse position keying). By means of analysis for typical frame structure of PPM/PPK signals, a variety of math models of signal time relationship of the system were found, and based on this, a engineering way and a principle block diagram for signals conversion, data processing and data storage were given out.
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Walker, P. J. "Representative testing of personal protection equipment." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14734.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the work reported within this thesis was to design and implement a series of tests which better replicate the impact conditions experienced during a game, and allow for quantitative measurements of performance of various items of personal protection equipment (PPE). The sports of cricket and taekwondo were used as case studies. The aim was to improve on existing testing protocols making them more representative of real life, an approach that has not been previously attempted in the literature and so required design of multiple items of novel equipment. A representative cricket impact test was developed utilizing a ball canon firing a cricket ball mass at an equivalent bowling velocity of 31 m/s (70 mph) and a novel, freely suspended force acquisition system with embedded accelerometers from which the transmitted force values could be derived. Throughout the testing secondary variables of coefficient of restitution (COR), deformation and contact time were measured from high speed video footage to give further insight into the impact mechanics of the three tested leg guards. Contact times were in the range of 3 ms - 4 ms, COR between 0.38 - 0.50 and deformation between 45 mm - 52 mm. These results were compared against other benchmark tests to establish how close the representative test was to an actual human related ball-pad impact and to estimate human tolerance levels to impact. A rig to mimic a human on human kicking impact in taekwondo was designed to measure performance of the piece of body protection equipment used in training and competition, commonly referred to as a hogu. Primarily a mechanical simulator was designed to replicate the speed and mass of a human leg impacting during a roundhouse kick. A force acquisition system was manufactured, capable of integrating with the kicking robot functioning, with a human torso sized and shaped anvil, using a similar accelerometer based system of force measurement as that introduced in the cricket testing. This test was then used to measure performance levels of nine off-the-shelf hogus and protective training pads. Using transmitted peak force and time to peak force (TTPF) as indicators of protection, these values were found to range from between 0.5 kN 7.5 kN and 9 ms - 23 ms across the pads indicating a major difference in the protection provided.
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Зозуля, Р. В. "Розвиток вендінгового бізнесу на регіональному ринку ритейлу." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/24947.
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Зозуля, Р. В. Розвиток вендінгового бізнесу на регіональному ринку ритейлу : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 076 «Підприємництво, торгівля та біржова діяльність» / Р. В. Зозуля ; керівник роботи Н. В. Іванова ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра підприємництва і торгівлі. – Чернігів, 2021. – 78 с.Об’єкт дослідження – процес розвитку підприємництва в умовах карантинних обмежень на основі розробки та реалізації стартап-проектів в сфері вендінгового бізнесу. Предмет дослідження – сукупність теоретичних положень та практичних рішень щодо розвитку вендінгового бізнесу на регіональному ринку ритейлу. Метою роботи є розробити актуальний механізм започаткування підприємницької справи для розвитку регіонального ринку ритейлу в умовах карантинних обмежень, пов’язаних з епідемією COVID-19, на основі реалізації стартап-проектів у сфері вендінгового бізнесу. Методи дослідження – спостереження, вимірювання, опис, порівняння, аналіз, синтез, індукція, дедукція, аналогія і деякі інші. В першому розділі досліджено інформацію про вендінгову торгівлю та апарати, їх механізми роботи, споживчі властивості, асортимент та класифікаційні ознаки. В другому розділі досліджено та описано світові, європейські та українські бренди виробників вендінгових апаратів, проаналізовано регіональний ринок ритейлу та законодавство щодо вендінгової торгівлі. . В третьому розділі наведено рекомендації щодо організаційно-технічного, маркетингового та фінансового забезпечення стартап-проєкту у сфері вендінгового бізнесу а також проведено розрахунки рентабельності такої діяльності.
The object of research-is the process of business development under quarantine restrictions based on the development and implementation of startup projects in the field of vending business. The subject of research-is a set of theoretical provisions and practical solutions for the development of vending business in the regional retail market. The aim of the work-is to develop an up-to-date mechanism for starting a business for the development of the regional retail market in the conditions of quarantine restrictions related to the COVID-19 epidemic, based on the realization of startup projects in the vending business. Research methods - observation, measurement, description, comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy and some others. The first section examines information about vending trade and devices, their mechanisms of operation, consumer properties, range and classification features. . The second section examines and describes the global, European and Ukrainian brands of vending machine manufacturers, analyzes the regional retail market and legislation on vending trade. . The third section provides recommendations for organizational, technical, marketing and financial support of a startup project in the field of vending business, as well as calculations of the profitability of such activities. .