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Walls, Jill K. "A Theoretically Grounded Framework for Integrating the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 16, no. 2 (April 29, 2016): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v16i2.19217.
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SoTL scholars have written about the importance and utility of teaching from a guiding theoretical framework. In this paper, ecological theory and specifically Bronfenbrenner’s Process, Person, Context, Time (PPCT) model, is examined as a potential framework for synthesizing SoTL research findings to inform effective teaching at the college level. A general overview of the PPCT model of human development and its connections to current topics and areas of inquiry in the SoTL literature are provided. The benefit of adopting an ecologically-based framework to better understand and exploit the interdisciplinary nature of SoTL is discussed.
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Vincenti, Virginia B., and Ashton Chapman. "ELDER FAMILY FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION BY POWER-OF-ATTORNEY AGENTS THROUGH THE LENS OF BRONFENBRENNER’S PPCT MODEL." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1410.
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Abstract This paper presents a subset of qualitative data from a phenomenological study of 3 men and 17 women (N=20) from families with designated power of attorney (POA) agents who allegedly perpetrated elder family financial exploitation (EFFE). Participants were aged 22 to 63 (M = 43.5) with varying educational and income levels. The study explored EFFE by POA within Bronfenbrenner’s PPCT model. Data were analyzed using a thematic, inductive approach. Person characteristics (e.g. perpetrators’ personality and victims’ cognitive functioning), proximal processes (e.g. family patterns of communication and resource sharing), context (e.g. geographic location), and time (e.g. prevailing legal, economic, and cohort factors) emerged as relevant for EFFE experiences. Given that EFFE helping professionals (e.g., attorneys, practitioners) often lack training in family- or systems-focused dynamics and interventions, implications and applications of the PPCT model will be discussed with the goal of raising awareness of factors related to EFFE identification and prevention.
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Gilligan, Megan, Axton Betz-Hamilton, and Ashton Chapman. "ADDRESSING THE THEORETICAL GAPS IN ELDER FAMILY FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1409.
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Abstract A systematic review of elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) literature from the past five years reflects limited use or consensus of theoretical perspectives. In this paper, we propose using Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory to frame the dynamic, interrelated factors associated with EFFE. Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory, specifically the PPCT model includes Proximal processes, Person characteristics, Contextual systems, and Time. Proximal processes are increasingly complex interactions between individuals (e.g., family communication). Person characteristics include demand (e.g., gender, age), resource (e.g., education), and force (e.g., temperament) characteristics affecting interactions. Contextual levels drawn from Bronfenbrenner’s original model (e.g., micro, meso, exo, and macro) emphasize the effect of interrelated systems on development. T refers to Time, including changes occurring in time (e.g., longitudinal) and over time (e.g., historical). Collectively, the PPCT model provides a framework for understanding the iterative, complex factors linked to EFFE.
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Bolkan, Cory, Marlene Stum, and Pamela B. Teaster. "ELDER FINANCIAL ABUSE IN FAMILIES: EXPANDING THEORY AND RESEARCH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1406.
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Abstract Elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) is widespread and increasing. The effect is devastating, causing significant financial losses, reducing health and well-being of elders, and disrupting family systems. Research reveals that most (90%) perpetrators are family members or trusted others and researchers typically focus on identification of the problem, rather than understanding how and why exploitation occurs within the family unit. Furthermore, limited consensus exists regarding a theoretical understanding of the complexities of EFFE. Theory-driven, empirical explanations of how and why EFFE transpires are urgently needed to enhance and deepen intervention and prevention efforts. In this symposium, we extend both theory and research by using a common theoretical lens to present research findings from three distinct EFFE studies. The first paper reviews the current literature on EFFE and theory and introduces Bronfennbrenner’s bioecological Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) model as an under-utilized, but useful framework for understanding EFFE. The second paper reports on findings from in-depth interviews with non-perpetrator family members who experienced EFFE and will highlight complex intergenerational family systems processes in PPCT. The third paper highlights findings from a national study of substantiated and investigated cases of EFFE in which family member perpetrators were designated as surrogate decision makers. The fourth paper shares results from a qualitative study of family member POAs and how components of the PPCT model can be interpreted for use by helping professionals assisting families. We will also focus on the opportunities and challenges of developing theoretically sound EFFE research and the implications for improving practice and policy.
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Vincenti, Virginia B., and Ashton Chapman. "UNDERSTANDING RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR ELDER FAMILY FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION: A PREVENTIVE APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.694.
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Abstract This paper presents qualitative data from a phenomenological study of 10 men and 38 women (N=48) within families with designated power of attorney (POA) agents. Participants were from 18 states nationwide, aged 20 to 73 (M = 46.6), and had varying educational and income levels. Eighteen individuals alleged that EFFE occurred in their families, 27 did not, and three didn’t know. The study explored EFFE risk and protective factors within Bronfenbrenner’s PPCT model (Tudge, 2018). Data were analyzed using a thematic, inductive approach. Specifically, person characteristics (e.g. perpetrators’ personality and victims’ cognitive functioning), proximal processes (e.g. family patterns of communication and resource sharing), context (e.g. geographic location), and time (e.g. prevailing legal, economic, and cohort factors) were associated with EFFE recognition and intervention. Implications and applications of the PPCT model for helping professionals (e.g., practitioners such as healthcare providers, attorneys, therapists) will be discussed to raise awareness of risk and protective factors within families that may increase or decrease the likelihood that elder financial exploitation by family members will occur. The goal is to improve prevention through helping families address risk factors before older relatives become dependent, encouraging more proactive planning in development of POA and other end-of-life documents, and detect exploitation early.
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Siraj, Iram, and Runke Huang. "Operationalizing Bronfenbrenner’s PPCT Model in Researching Human Development: Commentary on Xia, Li, and Tudge." Human Development 64, no. 1 (2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508341.
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Westhoff, Peter, Per Svensson, Karin Ernst, Oliver Bläsing, Janet Burscheidt, and Jörg Stockhaus. "Molecular Evolution of C4 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase in the Genus Flaveria." Functional Plant Biology 24, no. 4 (1997): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp97006.
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C4 plants are known to be of polyphyletic origin and have evolved independently several times during the evolution of angiosperms. We are interested in understanding the molecular changes that the C4 genes have undergone as they were adapted to their new functions in C4 photosynthesis and are using the C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) of the genus Flaveria as a model. The PEPCs of F. trinervia (C4) and F. pringlei (C3) are encoded by a gene family that is composed of at least three different gene classes named ppcA, ppcB and ppcC. The C4 PEPC of F. trinervia is encoded by the ppcA gene class and is expressed at high levels only in the mesophyll cells of the leaves. The nearest neighbour to the ppcA gene class of F. trinervia is found in F. pringlei. Comparisons of this pair of orthologous gene classes are used to identify the C4 -specific differences between the enzymatic properties of the ppcA PEPCs and the activities of the ppcA promoters. The two ppcA PEPCs are 96% identical, but differ in the Km for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and their inhibition by malate. Chimerical PEPCs are presently constructed to map the differences in the enzymatic properties of the C4 and C3 PEPC isoforms. To investigate determinants for the C4 specific expression pattern, the 5´ flanking regions of the ppcA1 genes of F. trinervia and F. pringlei were fused to the uidA reporter gene encoding ß-glucuronidase and transformed into the C4 plant F. bidentis and the C3 species tobacco. In F. bidentis, the C4ppcA1 promoter drives a high level of expression of the transgene only in the mesophyll cells, while the C3ppcA1 promoter leads to low levels of expression in leaves, stems and roots. Determinants for the C4 specific expression of the ppcA1 gene of F. trinervia must therefore be located in the 5´-flanking region of this gene. Further analyses showed that two regions, a proximal and a distal segment, are sufficient to generate the C4 specific expression pattern. In tobacco, the C4ppcA1 promoter is preferentially expressed in the palisade parenchyma cells of the leaves. These results indicate that the major events during the evolution of the C4ppcA promoter occurred at the promoter level.
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Fang, Lei, Ellen Crocker, Jian Yang, Yan Yan, Yuanzheng Yang, and Zhihua Liu. "Competition and Burn Severity Determine Post-Fire Sapling Recovery in a Nationally Protected Boreal Forest of China: An Analysis from Very High-Resolution Satellite Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11060603.
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Anticipating how boreal forest landscapes will change in response to changing fire regime requires disentangling the effects of various spatial controls on the recovery process of tree saplings. Spatially explicit monitoring of post-fire vegetation recovery through moderate resolution Landsat imagery is a popular technique but is filled with ambiguous information due to mixed pixel effects. On the other hand, very-high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery accurately measures crown size of tree saplings but has gained little attention and its utility for estimating leaf area index (LAI, m2/m2) and tree sapling abundance (TSA, seedlings/ha) in post-fire landscape remains untested. We compared the explanatory power of 30 m Landsat satellite imagery with 0.5-m WorldView-2 VHR imagery for LAI and TSA based on field sampling data, and subsequently mapped the distribution of LAI and TSA based on the most predictive relationships. A random forest (RF) model was applied to assess the relative importance and causal mechanisms of spatial controls on tree sapling recovery. The results showed that pixel percentage of canopy trees (PPCT) derived from VHR imagery outperform all Landsat-derived spectral indices for explaining variance of LAI (R2VHR = 0.676 vs. R2Landsat = 0.427) and TSA (R2VHR = 0.508 vs. R2Landsat = 0.499). The RF model explained an average of 55.5% (SD = 3.0%, MSE = 0.382, N = 50) of the variation of estimated LAI. Understory vegetation coverage (competition) and post-fire surviving mature trees (seed sources) were the most important spatial controls for LAI recovery, followed by burn severity (legacy effect), topographic factors (environmental filter) and nearest distance to unburned area (edge effect). These analyses allow us to conclude that in our study area, mitigating wildfire severity and size may increase forest resilience to wildfire damage. Given the easily-damaged seed banks and relatively short seed dispersal distance of coniferous trees, reasonable human help to natural recovery of coniferous forests is necessary for severe burns with a large patch size, particularly in certain areas. Our research shows the VHR WorldView-2 imagery better resolves key characteristics of forest landscapes like LAI and TSA than Landsat imagery, providing a valuable tool for land managers and researchers alike.
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Hafezolghorani Esfahani, M., F. Hejazi, R. Vaghei, E. Nikbakht, and D. C. J. Tze. "Development of Constitutive Model for Precast Prestressed Concrete Segmental Columns." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9453649.
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The interest of using precast segmental columns in construction of concrete bridges has significantly increased in recent years. One research area of concrete bridges is the application of Precast Prestressed Concrete Segmental (PPCS) Column in any structural analysis software or FE program code. Modeling a PPCS column, which consists of various materials with interaction between them, is complicated and time-consuming. This research attempts to formulate the stiffness matrix of PPCS columns in order to form the constitutive model in linear form to evaluate the response of the columns. A two-dimensional finite element model is presented in the finite element package ANSYS. Parametric studies are conducted by finite element models to verify the constitutive models for the PPCS column with a different number of concrete segments. Comparison between the constitutive model and the FE program results indicates that the constitutive model is accurate enough to predict the deformation of the PPCS columns.
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Mimno, David, David M. Blei, and Barbara E. Engelhardt. "Posterior predictive checks to quantify lack-of-fit in admixture models of latent population structure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 26 (June 12, 2015): E3441—E3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412301112.
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Admixture models are a ubiquitous approach to capture latent population structure in genetic samples. Despite the widespread application of admixture models, little thought has been devoted to the quality of the model fit or the accuracy of the estimates of parameters of interest for a particular study. Here we develop methods for validating admixture models based on posterior predictive checks (PPCs), a Bayesian method for assessing the quality of fit of a statistical model to a specific dataset. We develop PPCs for five population-level statistics of interest: within-population genetic variation, background linkage disequilibrium, number of ancestral populations, between-population genetic variation, and the downstream use of admixture parameters to correct for population structure in association studies. Using PPCs, we evaluate the quality of the admixture model fit to four qualitatively different population genetic datasets: the population reference sample (POPRES) European individuals, the HapMap phase 3 individuals, continental Indians, and African American individuals. We found that the same model fitted to different genomic studies resulted in highly study-specific results when evaluated using PPCs, illustrating the utility of PPCs for model-based analyses in large genomic studies.
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Lu, Ling Bin, Ke Long Huang, and Feng Wen. "Study on Structure of the New Polymer-Poly (Propylene-Co-γ-Butyrolactone Carbonate) with Molecular Model." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 3076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.3076.
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Based on COMPASS forcefield, the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties of poly (propylene-co-γ-butyrolactone carbonate) (PPCG) was firstly investigated with ‘Materials Studio’ simulation soft successfully. The results of simulation showed that the molecular chain of PPCG was flexible. Degradable carbonic and carboxylic ester groups were distributed outside the PPCG cell. Furthermore the structure of micro-phase separation was observed in PPCG cell. The structure of micro-phase separation of PPCG can be applied to the self-assembly of drug molecule.
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Wu, Jiang, Yanju Ji, Ling Zhao, Mengying Ji, Zhuang Ye, and Suyi Li. "A Mass Spectrometric Analysis Method Based on PPCA and SVM for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6169249.
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Background. Surfaced-enhanced laser desorption-ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology plays an important role in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. However, the raw MS data is highly dimensional and redundant. Therefore, it is necessary to study rapid and accurate detection methods from the massive MS data.Methods. The clinical data set used in the experiments for early cancer detection consisted of 216 SELDI-TOF-MS samples. An MS analysis method based on probabilistic principal components analysis (PPCA) and support vector machine (SVM) was proposed and applied to the ovarian cancer early classification in the data set. Additionally, by the same data set, we also established a traditional PCA-SVM model. Finally we compared the two models in detection accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity.Results. Using independent training and testing experiments 10 times to evaluate the ovarian cancer detection models, the average prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the PCA-SVM model were 83.34%, 82.70%, and 83.88%, respectively. In contrast, those of the PPCA-SVM model were 90.80%, 92.98%, and 88.97%, respectively.Conclusions. The PPCA-SVM model had better detection performance. And the model combined with the SELDI-TOF-MS technology had a prospect in early clinical detection and diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Stokes, Elizabeth A., Brett Doble, Maria Pufulete, Barnaby C. Reeves, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Stephen Dorman, John P. Greenwood, Richard A. Anderson, and Sarah Wordsworth. "Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in emergency patients with multivessel disease or unobstructed coronary arteries: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the UK." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e025700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025700.
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ObjectiveTo identify the key drivers of cost-effectiveness for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) when patients activate the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway.DesignEconomic decision models for two patient subgroups populated from secondary sources, each with a 1 year time horizon from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services in the UK.SettingUsual care (with or without CMR) in the NHS.ParticipantsPatients who activated the PPCI pathway, and for Model 1: underwent an emergency coronary angiogram and PPCI, and were found to have multivessel coronary artery disease. For Model 2: underwent an emergency coronary angiogram and were found to have unobstructed coronary arteries.InterventionsModel 1 (multivessel disease) compared two different ischaemia testing methods, CMR or fractional flow reserve (FFR), versus stress echocardiography. Model 2 (unobstructed arteries) compared CMR with standard echocardiography versus standard echocardiography alone.Main outcome measuresKey drivers of cost-effectiveness for CMR, incremental costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.ResultsIn both models, the incremental costs and QALYs between CMR (or FFR, Model 1) versus no CMR (stress echocardiography, Model 1 and standard echocardiography, Model 2) were small (CMR: −£64 (95% CI −£232 to £187)/FFR: £360 (95% CI −£116 to £844) and CMR/FFR: 0.0012 QALYs (95% CI −0.0076 to 0.0093)) and (£98 (95% CI −£199 to £488) and 0.0005 QALYs (95% CI −0.0050 to 0.0077)), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the tests was the key driver of cost-effectiveness for both patient groups.ConclusionsIf CMR were introduced for all subgroups of patients who activate the PPCI pathway, it is likely that diagnostic accuracy would be a key determinant of its cost-effectiveness. Further research is needed to definitively answer whether revascularisation guided by CMR or FFR leads to different clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with multivessel disease.
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Kamide, Norihiro, and Daiki Koizumi. "Method for Combining Paraconsistency and Probability in Temporal Reasoning." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 5 (September 20, 2016): 813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p0813.
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Computation tree logic (CTL) is known to be one of the most useful temporal logics for verifying concurrent systems by model checking technologies. However, CTL is not sufficient for handling inconsistency-tolerant and probabilistic accounts of concurrent systems. In this paper, a paraconsistent (or inconsistency-tolerant) probabilistic computation tree logic (PpCTL) is derived from an existing probabilistic computation tree logic (pCTL) by adding a paraconsistent negation connective. A theorem for embedding PpCTL into pCTL is proven, thereby indicating that we can reuse existing pCTL-based model checking algorithms. A relative decidability theorem for PpCTL, wherein the decidability of pCTL implies that of PpCTL, is proven using this embedding theorem. Some illustrative examples involving the use of PpCTL are also presented.
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Becker, Robert E., Nigel H. Greig, Debomoy K. Lahiri, Joseph Bledsoe, Sarah Majercik, Clive Ballard, Dag Aarsland, et al. "(-)-Phenserine and Inhibiting Pre-Programmed Cell Death: In Pursuit of a Novel Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 9 (July 11, 2018): 883–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180110120026.
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Background: Concussion (mild) and other moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share overlapping neuropathologies, including neuronal pre-programmed cell death (PPCD), and clinical impairments and disabilities. Multiple clinical trials targeting mechanisms based on the Amyloid Hypothesis of AD have so far failed, indicating that it is prudent for new drug developments to also pursue mechanisms independent of the Amyloid Hypothesis. To address these issues, we have proposed the use of an animal model of concussion/TBI as a supplement to AD transgenic mice to provide an indication of an AD drug candidate’s potential for preventing PPCD and resulting progression towards dementia in AD. Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline and the references of identified articles for background on the neuropathological progression of AD and its implications for drug target identification, for AD clinical trial criteria used to assess disease modification outcomes, for plasma biomarkers associated with AD and concussion/TBI, neuropathologies and especially PPCD, and for methodological critiques of AD and other neuropsychiatric clinical trial methods. Results: We identified and address seven issues and highlight the Thal-Sano AD ‘Time to Onset of Impairment' Design for possible applications in our clinical trials. Diverse and significant pathological cascades and indications of self-induced neuronal PPCD were found in concussion/TBI, anoxia, and AD animal models. To address the dearth of peripheral markers of AD and concussion/TBI brain pathologies and PPCD we evaluated Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) enriched for neuronal origin, including exosomes. In our concussion/TBI, anoxia and AD animal models we found evidence consistent with the presence of time-dependent PPCD and (-)-phenserine suppression of neuronal self-induced PPCD. We hence developed an extended controlled release formulation of (-)-phenserine to provide individualized dosing and stable therapeutic brain concentrations, to pharmacologically interrogate PPCD as a drug development target. To address the identified problems potentially putting any clinical trial at risk of failure, we developed exploratory AD and concussion/TBI clinical trial designs. Conclusions: Our findings inform the biomarker indication of progression of pathological targets in neurodegenerations and propose a novel approach to these conditions through neuronal protection against self-induced PPCD.
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Mesquita, Pedro M. M., Sarah S. Wilson, Philippe Manlow, Lucia Fischetti, Marla J. Keller, Betsy C. Herold, and Robin J. Shattock. "Candidate Microbicide PPCM Blocks Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Cell and Tissue Cultures and Prevents Genital Herpes in a Murine Model." Journal of Virology 82, no. 13 (April 23, 2008): 6576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00335-08.
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ABSTRACT A structurally novel candidate microbicide, PPCM, which is formed from the reaction of d,l-mandelic acid with sulfuric acid, provides activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) and is not cytotoxic. The objectives of the current studies were to comprehensively evaluate the activity of PPCM in cell and explant cultures, explore the possibility of combining PPCM with HIV-specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and evaluate the efficacy of a formulated gel against genital herpes in a murine model. PPCM inhibited infection by laboratory and clinical R5 and X4 clade B and clade C HIV strains in cell culture. Ectocervical and endocervical tissue explants exposed to HIV-1BaL in the presence of PPCM were protected (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50] of 3.9 μg/ml for ectocervix and 3.1 μg/ml for endocervix), and transfer of virus to target T cells via migratory cells was significantly impaired (IC50 of 35.7 μg/ml for ectocervix and 54.6 μg/ml for endocervix). The drug also blocked infection by cell-associated virus. Combinations of PPCM with UC-781 or PMPA in vitro exhibited additive anti-HIV activity. PPCM was incorporated into stable, low-pH gel formulations at concentrations of 0.4% and 4%. Both gels prevented genital herpesvirus infection in mice, even when virus was introduced in human seminal plasma. The abilities of PPCM to inhibit primary HIV isolates, reduce infection by cell-associated virus, and transfer of HIV from migratory to T cells, combined with the complete protection provided by formulated gel against genital herpes, indicate that this drug is an excellent candidate for inclusion in a combination microbicide and would provide protection against both HIV and HSV.
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Agar, Stacy L., Jian Sha, Wallace B. Baze, Tatiana E. Erova, Sheri M. Foltz, Giovanni Suarez, Shaofei Wang, and Ashok K. Chopra. "Deletion of Braun lipoprotein gene (lpp) and curing of plasmid pPCP1 dramatically alter the virulence of Yersinia pestis CO92 in a mouse model of pneumonic plague." Microbiology 155, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 3247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.029124-0.
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Deletion of the murein (Braun) lipoprotein gene, lpp, attenuates the Yersinia pestis CO92 strain in mouse models of bubonic and pneumonic plague. In this report, we characterized the virulence of strains from which the plasminogen activating protease (pla)-encoding pPCP1 plasmid was cured from either the wild-type (WT) or the Δlpp mutant strain of Y. pestis CO92 in the mouse model of pneumonic infection. We noted a significantly increased survival rate in mice infected with the Y. pestis pPCP−/Δlpp mutant strain up to a dose of 5000 LD50. Additionally, mice challenged with the pPCP − /Δlpp strain had substantially less tissue injury and a strong decrease in the levels of most cytokines and chemokines in tissue homogenates and sera when compared with the WT-infected group. Importantly, the Y. pestis pPCP − /Δlpp mutant strain was detectable in high numbers in the livers and spleens of some of the infected mice. In the lungs of pPCP − /Δlpp mutant-challenged animals, however, bacterial numbers dropped at 48 h after infection when compared with tissue homogenates from 1 h post-infection. Similarly, we noted that this mutant was unable to survive within murine macrophages in an in vitro assay, whereas survivability of the pPCP− mutant within the macrophage environment was similar to that of the WT. Taken together, our data indicated that a significant and possibly synergistic attenuation in bacterial virulence occurred in a mouse model of pneumonic plague when both the lpp gene and the virulence plasmid pPCP1 encoding the pla gene were deleted from Y. pestis.
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Spracklen, Timothy F., Graham Chakafana, Peter J. Schwartz, Maria-Christina Kotta, Gasnat Shaboodien, Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi, and Karen Sliwa. "Genetics of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Current Knowledge, Future Directions and Clinical Implications." Genes 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010103.
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Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a condition in which heart failure and systolic dysfunction occur late in pregnancy or within months following delivery. Over the last decade, genetic advances in heritable cardiomyopathy have provided new insights into the role of genetics in PPCM. In this review, we summarise current knowledge of the genetics of PPCM and potential avenues for further research, including the role of molecular chaperone mutations in PPCM. Evidence supporting a genetic basis for PPCM has emanated from observations of familial disease, overlap with familial dilated cardiomyopathy, and sequencing studies of PPCM cohorts. Approximately 20% of PPCM patients screened for cardiomyopathy genes have an identified pathogenic mutation, with TTN truncations most commonly implicated. As a stress-associated condition, PPCM may be modulated by molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsps). Recent studies have led to the identification of Hsp mutations in a PPCM model, suggesting that variation in these stress-response genes may contribute to PPCM pathogenesis. Although some Hsp genes have been implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy, their roles in PPCM remain to be determined. Additional areas of future investigation may include the delineation of genotype-phenotype correlations and the screening of newly-identified cardiomyopathy genes for their roles in PPCM. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that the construction of a family history may be advised in the management of PPCM and that genetic testing should be considered. A better understanding of the genetics of PPCM holds the potential to improve treatment, prognosis, and family management.
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Wang, Zhen, Datao Wang, Tao Qin, Hengxing Ba, Guanning Wei, Yong Li, Wei Yu, and Chunyi Li. "Effects of macrophage-conditioned medium on sika deer (Cervus nippon) antler stem cells." Animal Production Science 60, no. 10 (2020): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19553.
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Context Immune system has been claimed as the ‘main switch’ of tissue or organ regeneration. Among immune cells, macrophages stand out as important modulators in mutiple regeneration models, such as planarian, axolotl, mammalian hair and liver. As a unique model for mammals, deer antler is considered to ideal for studying complete mammalian organ regeneration. Studies have found that antler regeneration is a stem cell-based process and antler stem cells locate in the pedicle periosteum (PP). Although the regulatory roles of the immune system in other regeneration models have been extensively studied, they remain unstudied in antler regeneration. Aims To explore the possible role of macrophages in the PP cells (PPCs). Methods We treated PPCs with a macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) and detected effects of MCM on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of the PPCs, and identified differentially expressed genes by using the RNA-seq technique. Key results We found that MCM enhanced proliferation rate and migration rate significantly and stimulated apoptosis of the PPCs. Using the RNA-seq technique, we identified 112 differentially expressed genes in the PPCs (38 downregulated and 74 upregulated) after the MCM treatment. Furthermore, gene-ontology annotation analyses showed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell adhesion, chemotaxis, wound healing, growth factor-stimulated responses, and bone formation, and the downregulated genes were involved in regulation of biosynthesis. Conclusions MCM had a great influence on the antler stem cells, and macrophages might regulate antler regeneration through altering the microenvironment and gene-expression profiles of the PPCs. Implications We believe that the results of the present study would facilitate the discovery of the roles of immune system in antler stem cells and, thus, mammalian organ regeneration in general.
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Zhang, Weidong, and Xiaolin Zhao. "Equivalent Circuit Model for One-Dimensional Plasma Photonic Crystals." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 14, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2019.2710.
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Plasma photonic crystals (PPCs) is promising metamaterial for electromagnetic wave transmission, due to its superior performance and broad application prospects. However, the design of plasma photonic crystals with adjustable structural parameters is one of the main issues limiting its commercial application. We propose a new method to use the equivalent circuit model to quickly analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of 1D PPC. The 1D PPCs structure was constructed with vacuum discharge tube, and we found that the experiment is consistent with the simulation. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of microwave segment multi-channel filters and dynamic microwave devices.
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Hulzebos, Erik HJ, Nico LU Van Meeteren, Rob A. De Bie, Pieter C. Dagnelie, and Paul JM Helders. "Prediction of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications on the Basis of Preoperative Risk Factors in Patients Who Had Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery." Physical Therapy 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.1.8.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Pulmonary complications are among the most frequently reported complications after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. However, the risks of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are not equal for all patients. The aim of this study was to develop a model, based on preoperative factors, for classifying patients with high and low risks for PPCs in order to implement tailored interventions. Subjects and Methods. Postoperative pulmonary complications were examined in 117 adult patients who had undergone elective CABG surgery at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. The presence of preoperative risk factors (N=12) that have been described in the literature was noted for each patient. A risk model was developed by use of logistic regression analysis. Results. Preoperative risk factors for developing PPCs were an age of ≥70 years, productive cough, diabetes mellitus, and a history of cigarette smoking. Protective factors against the development of PPCs were a predicted inspiratory vital capacity of ≥75% and a predicted maximal expiratory pressure of ≥75%. These risk and protective factors were included in the model (sensitivity=87% and specificity=56%), and a sum score for its clinical use was generated. Discussion and Conclusion. Six factors that can be determined easily before surgery, with need for only simple pulmonary testing, can provide a model for identifying patients at risk of developing PPCs after CABG surgery.
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SOFYAN, AHMAD. "EVALUASI PROGRAM PRAKTIK PROFESI KEGURUAN TERPADU (PPKT)." Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jep.031.02.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Program Praktik Profesi Keguruan Terpadu (PPKT) pada Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan (FITK) Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Jakarta, meliputi proses, hasil, dan respon pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini berlangsung sejak Februari hingga Agustus Tahun Pelajaran 2008/2009, bertempat di FITK dan beberapa sekolah/madrasah yang terpilih sebagai tempat PPKT. Desain evaluasi yang digunakan adalah model evaluasi kesenjangan (Discrepancy Evaluation Model-DEM) dengan analisis deskriptif. mkanperlu dican kriteria.jangan yang terjadi antara Sumber data diperoleh dari: 1) dekan FITK, 2) pengelola program, 3) dosen pembimbing, 4) kepala sekolah dan guru pamong, 5) mahasiswa karena dianggap dapat memberikan data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini selain ditunjang oleh arsip/dokumen. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa program PPKT secara umum jauh lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan program Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL II). Manfaat program PPKT dapat dirasakan oleh mahasiswa, guru pamong dan kepala sekolah. Namun demikian, dalam pelaksanaan meskipun dapat dikatakan sudah baik, masih ada beberapa hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian pengelola program PPKT untuk peningkatan atau penguatan kompetensi lulusan peserta sebagai calon guru.
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Houtzager, Bregje A., Eline L. Möller, Heleen Maurice-Stam, Bob F. Last, and Martha A. Grootenhuis. "Parental perceptions of child vulnerability in a community-based sample." Journal of Child Health Care 19, no. 4 (May 19, 2014): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493514530954.
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The study aimed to assess the prevalence of parental perceptions of a child’s vulnerability (PPCV) in a Dutch community-based sample and its relationship with children’s health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Parents completed the Child Vulnerability Scale and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 was administered to measure HRQoL. The prevalence of PPCV was assessed in relation to socio-demographic and health-related characteristics. In a three-step multiple hierarchical regression model, the mediational role of PPCV in the association between chronic illness and HRQoL was investigated. Participants were 520 Dutch children aged 5–18 years from nine Dutch schools. In all, 69 (13.3%) had a chronic illness; 1.9% was perceived vulnerable, 3.0% in groups 5–7 and 1.7% in groups 8–12 and 13–18. Younger age of the child, presence of a chronic illness and low HRQoL were associated with PPCV. PPCV partially mediated the negative association between chronic illness and HRQoL. In conclusion, PPCV is associated with adjustment to chronic illness. More research is needed regarding the mechanisms through which PPCV affects HRQoL and to examine whether PPCV can be targeted in parenting interventions.
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Ricapito, I., A. Aiello, A. Ciampichetti, G. Benamati, M. Utili, and M. Zucchetti. "Tritium management in HCLL-PPCS model AB blanket." Fusion Engineering and Design 82, no. 15-24 (October 2007): 2195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.05.040.
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Cherubin, Sinaida, Taylar Peoples, Jessica Gillard, Samira Lakhal-Littleton, Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, and Manisha Nair. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of prolactin and iron deficiency in peripartum cardiomyopathy." Open Heart 7, no. 2 (October 2020): e001430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001430.
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ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared levels of molecular biomarkers in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) to those in healthy pregnant and postpartum women to: (1) assess the evidence for prolactin (PRL) metabolism in PPCM, (2) ascertain the evidence for biomarkers of iron deficiency in PPCM, (3) identify other biomarkers associated with PPCM.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Global Health Library from inception without language restriction for studies that compared biomarkers levels in PPCM cases to healthy controls. Pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) was generated using a random effects model for the difference in levels of biomarkers.ResultsTwo studies assessed the association of PRL with PPCM, and reported that PPCM cases have higher levels of total PRL. No studies investigated iron metabolism in PPCM. Other biomarkers associated with PPCM included serum levels of natriuretic peptides (SMD=3.77, 95% CI 0.71 to 6.82), albumin (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -1.01 to -0.32), C-reactive protein (SMD=1.67, 95% CI 0.22 to 3.12), selenium (SMD=-0.73, 95% CI -1.58 to 0.12), cardiac troponins (SMD=1.06, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.80), creatinine (SMD=0.51, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.69), white bloodcells (SMD=0.44, 95 % CI 0.07 to 0.82), haemoglobin (SMD=-0.45, 95% CI -0.64 to-0.26).ConclusionsMore robust molecular studies are needed to explore the association between prolactin and PPCM in human subjects and to determine the extent to which iron deficiency (with or without anaemia) contributes to the risk of PPCM.
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Miller, J. Richard, Jeffrey Ohren, Ronald W. Sarver, W. Thomas Mueller, Piet de Dreu, Heather Case, and Venkataraman Thanabal. "Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli: Investigation of the Kinetic Mechanism and Role in Regulation of Coenzyme A Biosynthesis." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (September 14, 2007): 8196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00732-07.
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ABSTRACT Phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (PPAT) from Escherichia coli is an essential hexameric enzyme that catalyzes the penultimate step in coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis and is a target for antibacterial drug discovery. The enzyme utilizes Mg-ATP and phosphopantetheine (PhP) to generate dephospho-CoA (dPCoA) and pyrophosphate. When overexpressed in E. coli, PPAT copurifies with tightly bound CoA, suggesting a feedback inhibitory role for this cofactor. Using an enzyme-coupled assay for the forward-direction reaction (dPCoA-generating) and isothermal titration calorimetry, we investigated the steady-state kinetics and ligand binding properties of PPAT. All substrates and products bind the free enzyme, and product inhibition studies are consistent with a random bi-bi kinetic mechanism. CoA inhibits PPAT and is competitive with ATP, PhP, and dPCoA. Previously published structures of PPAT crystallized at pH 5.0 show half-the-sites reactivity for PhP and dPCoA and full occupancy by ATP and CoA. Ligand-binding studies at pH 8.0 show that ATP, PhP, dPCoA, and CoA occupy all six monomers of the PPAT hexamer, although CoA exhibits two thermodynamically distinct binding modes. These results suggest that the half-the-sites reactivity observed in PPAT crystal structures may be pH dependent. In light of previous studies on the regulation of CoA biosynthesis, the PPAT kinetic and ligand binding data suggest that intracellular PhP concentrations modulate the distribution of PPAT monomers between high- and low-affinity CoA binding modes. This model is consistent with PPAT serving as a “backup” regulator of pathway flux relative to pantothenate kinase.
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Feese, Elke, Hanna S. Gracz, Paul D. Boyle, and Reza A. Ghiladi. "Towards microbe-targeted photosensitizers: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro photodynamic inactivation of the tuberculosis model pathogen M. smegmatis by porphyrin-peptide conjugates." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 23, no. 11n12 (December 2019): 1414–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619501505.
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Porphyrin-peptide conjugates have a breadth of potential applications, including use in photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, as fluorescence imaging tags for tracking subcellular localization, as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positive-contrast reagents and as biomimetic catalysts. Here, we have explored three general routes to porphyrin-peptide conjugates using the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-Medal-Sharpless 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of peptide-containing azides with a terminal alkyne-containing porphyrin, thereby generating porphyrin-peptide conjugates (PPCs) comprised of a cationic porphyrin coupled to short antimicrobial peptides. In addition to characterizing the PPCs using a variety of spectroscopic (UV-vis, [Formula: see text]H- and [Formula: see text]C-NMR) and mass spectrometric methods, we evaluated their efficacy as photosensitizers for the in vitro photodynamic inactivation of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model for the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Difficulties that needed to be overcome for the efficient synthesis of PPCs were the limited solubility of the quaternized pyridyl porphyrin in common solvents, undesired (de)metallation and transmetallation, and chromatographic purification. Photodynamic inactivation studies of a small library of PPCs against Mycobacterium smegmatis confirmed our hypothesis that the porphyrin-based photosensitizer maintains its ability to efficiently inactivate bacteria when conjugated to a small peptide by upwards of 5–6 log units (99.999[Formula: see text]%) using white light illumination (400–700 nm, 60 mW/cm[Formula: see text], 30 min). Further, hemolysis assays revealed the lack of toxicity of the PPCs against sheep blood at concentrations employed for in vitro photodynamic inactivation. Taken together, the results demonstrated the ability of PPCs to maintain their antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation efficacy when possessing a short cationic peptides for enabling the potential targeting of pathogens in vivo.
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Rozentsvaig, Alexander, and Cheslav Strashinskii. "Modeling of Complex Processes in Turbulent Flow of Unstable Emulsions of Immiscible Liquids." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 61, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.9504.
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Turbulent flows of emulsions are associated with the processes of breakage, coalescence and sedimentation of droplets of dispersed liquid. Mechanisms of these physical phenomena that form the equilibrium composition of the droplets of dispersed phase are predetermined by the structure of turbulence. Spectrum of distribution of the dispersed droplets according to the size determines in turn the nature of the interaction with the continuous medium. Therefore, a hydrodynamic model for unstable emulsion (CFD) is completed by discrete population balance model (DPB). It reflects the state of the dispersed phase of the emulsion required to construct an adequate model for CFD. A joint application requires the coordination of the composition and structure of these models for formalizing of the complex interrelationships of physical phenomena in the continuous medium and the dispersed phase of the emulsion. The key advantages of such specification of the overall structure of the partial models of the CFD consist in that model includes only the mechanisms of breakup, coalescence and sedimentation of the droplets of the dispersed phase, which are really work in the given conditions. Using of a priori theoretical information in the form of mechanisms of basic physical phenomena (MBPP) is proposed, which is necessary for obtaining the desired particular solutions of applied problems on the basis of common CFD and DPB models.
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Jensen, Louise, and Liyan Yang. "Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 6, no. 3 (September 2007): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2006.11.001.
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Background Despite numerous advances in anesthesia, surgical techniques, and postoperative care for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) still account for postoperative morbidity. Objective To determine current risk factors for PPCs in CABG surgery patients. Methods A retrospective cohort design was used. Health records were reviewed for patients ( n=315) who had CABG surgery at a large quaternary healthcare center over a 4 month period. Pre-, peri-, and postoperative risk factors for PPCs were recorded as binary variables. Data were further assessed according to PPCs and non-PPCs using logistic regression models. Results PPCs occurred in 99.4% of this CABG surgical cohort. Atelectasis, pleural effusion, atelectasis with pleural effusion, and pneumonia were the most frequent PPCs post CABG surgery. Age >65 years, diabetes, and ASA classification N3 were found to be related to the presence of atelectasis. No significant risk factors were related to the development of pleural effusion or atelectasis with pleural effusion. Postoperative pneumonia was associated with previous myocardial infarction, ventilation >10 h, and hospital stay >5 days. History of bronchitis and COPD were related to postoperative pneumothorax; history of heart failure, COPD, and other lung diseases were related to postoperative pulmonary edema. Conclusion These findings contribute to the understanding of PPCs in post-CABG surgery patients and assist in identification of patients at risk for developing PPCs.
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Petelkov, Ivan, Vesela Shopska, Rositsa Denkova-Kostova, Georgi Kostov, and Velislava Lyubenova. "Investigation of Different Regimes of Beer Fermentation with Free and Immobilized Cells." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.13845.
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Three different kinetic models – Monod’s model, Monod’s model with substrate inhibition, and Monod's model with substrate and product inhibition were developed for studying of beer fermentation with free and immobilized cells at different main fermentation and maturation temperatures. The most accurate model was Monod's model with substrate and product inhibition. It showed that maturation temperature had no effect on primary metabolism but it affected significantly the secondary metabolites production. In regard to carbonyl compounds and esters, the increase in maturation temperature led to different trends for free and immobilized cells. Regarding the higher alcohols, the increase in maturation temperature resulted in increase in their yield coefficients for both immobilized and free cells. A sensory evaluation of beers produced with free and immobilized cells were also carried out and the results showed similar results for two beer types.
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Alagha, Mohamed Sobhi, and Pal Szentannai. "A Conservative Macroscopic Model for Binary-mixture Fluidized Beds." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.17420.
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Two approaches are commonly used for modeling the vertical mixing of binary-mixture fluidized beds, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and macroscopic modeling. A common realization of the latter one is the Gibiralo–Rowe (G-R) model, which uses the Two-Phase Theory. This macroscopic model obviously overperforms CFDs regarding computational cost; however, determining its coefficients is a still challenging issue. Although several methods were published for solving this, the general problem with most of them remains their neglecting the conservation of mass. In the present new procedure, the mass conservation is applied to correct the values of the G-R model coefficients estimated from known equations. The present model was validated on a wide variety of fluidized bed systems. The results show that this conservative and macroscopic model gives more accurate predictions than the recently published other macroscopic models, and this one is, in general, better than the CFD model from the perspective of prediction accuracy as well.
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Jin, Yue, Guohao Xie, Haihong Wang, Lielie Jin, Jun Li, Baoli Cheng, Kai Zhang, Andreas Hoeft, and Xiangming Fang. "Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Noncardiac Chinese Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study in University Hospitals." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/265165.
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Purpose. To assess the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in Chinese inpatients, and to develop a brief predictive risk index.Methods. Between August 6, 2012, and August 12, 2012, patients undergoing noncardiac operations in four university hospitals were enrolled. The cohort was divided into two subsamples, cohort 1 to develop a predictive risk index of PPCs and cohort 2 to validate it.Results. 1673 patients were enrolled. PPCs were recorded for 163 patients (9.7%), of whom the hospital length of stay (LOS) was longer (P<0.001). The mortality was 1.84% in patients with PPCs and 0.07% in those without. Logistic Regression modeling in cohort 1 identified nine independent risk factors, including smoking, respiratory infection in the last month, preoperative antibiotic use, preoperative saturation of peripheral oxygen, surgery site, blood lost, postoperative blood glucose, albumin, and ventilation. The model was validated within cohort 2 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.94).Conclusions. PPCs are common in noncardiac surgical patients and are associated with prolonged LOS in China. The current study developed a risk index, which can be used to assess individual risk of PPCs and guide individualized perioperative respiratory care.
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Hasanudin, Hasanudin, Addy Rachmat, Muhammad Said, and Karna Wijaya. "Kinetic Model of Crude Palm Oil Hydrocracking Over Ni/Mo ZrO2–Pillared Bentonite Catalyst." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14765.
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Crude Palm Oil hydrocrcaking has been carried out over Ni/Mo ZrO2–pillared bentonite catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. Crude Palm Oil hydrocracking over Ni/Mo ZrO2–pillared bentonite catalyst formed 3 products i.e. gas, oil and coke. The oil product from Crude Palm Oil hydrocracking was analyzed by using gas chromatography to determine its composition. Three types of fraction were classified i.e. gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil. In this research, the focused of the study is of hydrocracking kinetics by using lump kinetic models. The kinetic model was solved by using the software MATLAB R2018b involves the effect of catalyst activity on the reaction rate. The results of the kinetic study show that the 4-lump (Crude Palm Oil, gas coke and oil) and 6-lump reaction models (Crude Palm Oil, gas, coke, gasoline, kerosene and diesel) can be used to explain the Crude Palm Oil hydrocracking over Ni/Mo ZrO2–pillared bentonite catalyst. The 4-lump kinetic model has 5 rate constants and the 6-lump kinetic model has 14 rate constants.
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Onoda, Keisuke, Shigeki Ono, Kotaro Ogihara, Tomomi Shiota, Shoji Asari, Takashi Ohmoto, and Yoshifumi Ninomiya. "Inhibition of vascular contraction by intracisternal administration of preproendothelin-1 mRNA antisense oligoDNA in a rat experimental vasospasm model." Journal of Neurosurgery 85, no. 5 (November 1996): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.85.5.0846.
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✓ To clarify the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the etiology of hemolysate-induced contraction of vessels, the authors introduced antisense oligoDNA for preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1) messenger RNA in a rat model of vasospasm. Phosphorothioate antisense oligoDNAs for ppET-1 were injected into the cisterna magna. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled phosphorothioate antisense oligoDNAs were proven by fluorescence chasing to be incorporated into the vascular wall. Striking inhibitory effects of experimental vasospasm were observed in the basilar artery (BA) in which the oligoDNAs were injected. The vascular contraction was significantly inhibited by oligoDNAs after 20 minutes of hemolysate exposure, which suggested that ET synthesis started approximately 20 minutes after hemolysate stimulation. Expression of ppET-1 in the BA in which the spasm was inhibited was markedly suppressed at the transcription level. The results indicate that ET-1 may play an important role in hemolysate-induced vasoconstriction in rats. In addition, the antisense approach in the cerebrospinal fluid might be a useful tool for preventing cerebral vasospasm.
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Abedi, Shiva, Aligholi Niaei, Najaf Namjou, Darioush Salari, Ali Tarjomannejad, and Behrang Izadkhah. "Experimental and Modeling Study of CO-Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO Over Perovskite-Type Nanocatalysts." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.13767.
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In this work LaFeO3, LaFe0.7Mn0.3O3 and LaMn0.7Fe0.3O3 nanocatalysts with perovskite structures have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The selective catalytic reduction of NO with CO (CO-SCR) using synthesized nanocatalysts was investigated in a plug flow reactor. The kinetics of CO-SCR process was studied and three kinetic models were used to describe the behavior of the system, including power low model (PLM), kinetic model 1 (KM1) and kinetic model 2 (KM2). The KM1 was the best model with correlation coefficients of 0.9924, 0.9911 and 0.9902 and the sum of squared errors of 0.0504, 0.0488 and 0.0397, for LaFeO3, LaFe0.7Mn0.3O3 and LaFe0.3Mn0.7O3 catalysts, respectively. By comparing experimental results with the predicted results of the KM1, it was found that the proposed model can predict the performance of catalysts in the CO-SCR process with considerable precision. The structure and morphology of perovskite-type oxides were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.
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Al-Agha, Mohamed Sobhi, and Pál Szentannai. "An Efficient Model for Predicting the Segregation Profile of Binary Fluidized Beds." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 63, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.11997.
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In most cases, the stationary fluidized beds are composed of two different particle classes (inert and active particles), and the concentration profile of these binary beds along the vertical axis is crucial regarding the effectiveness of the reactor. The present study introduces a semi-empirical 1D mathematical model for predicting the vertical concentration profile of binary fluidized beds. The proposed model is a developed and applicable version of the so-called Gibilaro and Rowe two-phase model, in which the differential equations describing the jetsam movement in the bulk and wake phases were solved numerically. The main work was to determine the parameters of the basic model, which was carried out by means of an advanced multi-step parameter fitting procedure. A more general form was established, which is based on direct linkage with the operating parameters that can be directly set and measured on the system. Comparisons with very diverse measured data sets available in the literature prove the accuracy of this model. Additional comparisons pointed out that the realization of this model is numerically inexpensive as it is several orders of magnitude faster than the available 2D and 3D models.
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Malho Guedes, Anabela, Roberto Marques, Ana Teresa Domingos, Ana Paula Silva, Idalécio Bernardo, Pedro Leão Neves, Anabela Rodrigues, and Raymond T. Krediet. "Overhydration May Be the Missing Link between Peritoneal Protein Clearance and Mortality." Nephron 145, no. 5 (2021): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516531.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Peritoneal protein loss (PPL) has been associated with mortality. Inflammation was assumed a putative cause with malnutrition as a consequence. Hydrostatic convection is a major drive for microvascular protein transport, but most studies in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients overlooked this mechanism. An association between peritoneal protein clearance (PPCl) and venous congestion has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to explore the importance of fluid overload in PPCl in PD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty-seven prevalent PD patients were assessed with peritoneal equilibration test and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA). PPL and PPCl were calculated from simultaneously obtained 24-h peritoneal effluent. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PPL averaged 5.2 g/24 h. It was higher in patients on continuous treatment than in those without a long dwell. Significant associations between PPCl and BIA parameters of overhydration were found in both univariable and multivariable analyses. Lean mass index, partly dependent on hydration status, was associated with PPCl in univariable but not in multivariable analysis. A multiple linear model identified extracellular water excess and higher D/P creatinine as predictors of higher PPCl, independent of PD duration, type of PD, age, gender, albumin, cardiovascular disease, C-reactive protein, or lean mass index. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The uni- and multivariable strong associations between fluid overload and PPCl support the importance of hydrostatic pressure-induced convection for PPCl. Also, peritoneal small solute transport was associated with PPCl. Both are amenable by adjusted dialysis prescription, especially focused on fluid status and avoidance of overhydration. The assumption of an association with inflammation and malnutrition was not confirmed.
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LÓPEZ-RUBIO, EZEQUIEL, and JUAN MIGUEL ORTIZ-DE-LAZCANO-LOBATO. "DYNAMIC COMPETITIVE PROBABILISTIC PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS." International Journal of Neural Systems 19, no. 02 (April 2009): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065709001860.
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We present a new neural model which extends the classical competitive learning (CL) by performing a Probabilistic Principal Components Analysis (PPCA) at each neuron. The model also has the ability to learn the number of basis vectors required to represent the principal directions of each cluster, so it overcomes a drawback of most local PCA models, where the dimensionality of a cluster must be fixed a priori. Experimental results are presented to show the performance of the network with multispectral image data.
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Bibó, András, Mihály Kovács, and György Károlyi. "Overdamped mechanical model of myosin II." Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 57, no. 1 (2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppci.2137.
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Santiago-Font, Jose A., Lorena M. Amaral, Jessica Faulkner, Tarek Ibrahim, Venkata Ramana Vaka, Mark W. Cunningham, and Babbette LaMarca. "Serelaxin improves the pathophysiology of placental ischemia in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure rat model of preeclampsia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): R1158—R1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00192.2016.
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Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that has limited therapeutic options. In healthy pregnancy, relaxin plays an important vasodilatory role to maintain vascular compliance; however, currently, there is no preclinical evidence to support the use of relaxin during preeclampsia. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that recombinant human relaxin-2 (Serelaxin, Novartis; RLX) could reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) and improve uterine artery resistance index (UARI) and nitric oxide bioavailability, and/or decrease prepro-endothelin-1 (PPET-1), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), and TNF-α) in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of preeclampsia. On day 14 of gestation (GD14), pregnant rats were assigned to normal pregnant (NP), RUPP, RUPP+RLX, or NP+RLX groups. Treated rats received RLX at 0.4 μg/h or RLX2 4 μg/h RLX via minipump implanted on GD14. On GD18, carotid arterial catheters were inserted, and on GD19, MAP and tissues were collected. MAP was increased in RUPP rats compared with NP but was lowered with either dose of RLX. UARI and sFlt-1 were significantly improved in both treated RUPP groups. Total circulating nitrate-nitrite improved and placental PPET-1 and TNF-α were significantly decreased with the higher dose of RLX. Renal cortex PPET-1 was reduced with both doses of RLX. In conclusion, Serelaxin improved blood pressure, sFlt-1, TNF-α, UARI, and nitric oxide bioavailability and PPET-1 in a rat model of preeclampsia, thereby suggesting a potential therapeutic role for RLX in maintaining maternal health and prolonging pregnancy in the face of placental ischemia.
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Ohnuma, Tetsu, Karthik Raghunathan, Alan R. Ellis, John Whittle, Srinivas Pyati, William E. Bryan, Marc J. Pepin, Raquel R. Bartz, and Vijay Krishnamoorthy. "Effects of Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, Gabapentinoids, and Their Combinations on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty." Pain Medicine 21, no. 10 (February 26, 2020): 2385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa017.
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Abstract Objective Multimodal analgesia has gained popularity in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but large multicenter studies evaluating specific analgesic combinations are lacking. Design A retrospective study using the Premier Healthcare Database (2009–2014). Subjects Adults who underwent elective primary THA or TKA. Methods We categorized day-of-surgery analgesic exposure using eight mutually exclusive categories: acetaminophen (Ac), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ns), gabapentinoids (Ga; gabapentin or pregabalin), Ac+Ns, Ac+Ga, Ns+Ga, Ac+Ns+Ga, and none of the three drugs. Multilevel models measured associations of the analgesic categories with a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Results Among 863,139 patients, 75.2% received at least one of the three drugs. In multilevel models, compared with none of the three drugs, Ga use was associated with increased odds of PPCs when used alone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 1.44), combined with Ac (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.26), or combined with Ns (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.34). In contrast, the Ac+Ns pair was associated with decreased odds of PPCs (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.83 to 0.90) and lower opioid consumption. Ac+Ns+Ga was not associated with PPCs, whereas it was associated with the lowest opioid consumption on the day of surgery. Conclusions Gabapentinoids, alone and in single combination with either acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were associated with higher PPCs, whereas the Ac+Ns pair was associated with fewer PPCs and an opioid-sparing effect. Ac+Ns+Ga was not associated with PPCs, whereas it was associated with the lowest opioid consumption on the day of surgery.
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de Jonge, Boudewijn L. M., Grant K. Walkup, Sushmita D. Lahiri, Hoan Huynh, Georg Neckermann, Luke Utley, Tory J. Nash, et al. "Discovery of Inhibitors of 4′-Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase (PPAT) To Validate PPAT as a Target for Antibacterial Therapy." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 12 (September 16, 2013): 6005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01661-13.
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ABSTRACTInhibitors of 4′-phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (PPAT) were identified through high-throughput screening of the AstraZeneca compound library. One series, cycloalkyl pyrimidines, showed inhibition of PPAT isozymes from several species, with the most potent inhibition of enzymes from Gram-positive species. Mode-of-inhibition studies withStreptococcus pneumoniaeandStaphylococcus aureusPPAT demonstrated representatives of this series to be reversible inhibitors competitive with phosphopantetheine and uncompetitive with ATP, binding to the enzyme-ATP complex. The potency of this series was optimized using structure-based design, and inhibition of cell growth of Gram-positive species was achieved. Mode-of-action studies, using generation of resistant mutants with targeted sequencing as well as constructs that overexpress PPAT, demonstrated that growth suppression was due to inhibition of PPAT. An effect on bacterial burden was demonstrated in mouse lung and thigh infection models, but further optimization of dosing requirements and compound properties is needed before these compounds can be considered for progress into clinical development. These studies validated PPAT as a novel target for antibacterial therapy.
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Ogilvie, Richard Ian, and Danuta Zborowska-Sluis. "Vascular capacitance and cardiac output in pacing-induced canine models of acute and chronic heart failure." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-726.
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The relationship between stressed and total blood volume, total vascular capacitance, central blood volume, cardiac output (CO), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppcw) was investigated in pacing-induced acute and chronic heart failure. Acute heart failure was induced in anesthetized splenectomized dogs by a volume load (20 mL/kg over 10 min) during rapid right ventricular pacing at 250 beats/min (RRVP) for 60 min. Chronic heart failure was induced by continuous RRVP for 2–6 weeks (average 24 ± 2 days). Total vascular compliance and capacitance were calculated from the mean circulatory filling pressure (Pmcf) during transient circulatory arrest after acetylcholine at three different circulating volumes. Stressed blood volume was calculated as a product of compliance and Pmcf, with the total blood volume measured by a dye dilution. Central blood volume (CBV) and CO were measured by thermodilution. Central (heart and lung) vascular capacitance was estimated from the plot of Ppcw against CBV. Acute volume loading without RRVP increased capacitance and CO, whereas after volume loading with RRVP, capacitance and CO were unaltered from baseline. Chronic RRVP reduced capacitance and CO. All interventions, volume ± RRVP or chronic RRVP, increased stressed and central blood volumes and Ppcw. Acute or chronic RRVP reduced central vascular capacitance. Cardiac output was increased when stressed and unstressed blood volumes increased proportionately as during volume loading alone. When CO was reduced and Ppcw increased, as during chronic RRVP or acute RRVP plus a volume load, stressed blood volume was increased and unstressed blood volume was decreased. Thus, interventions that reduced CO and increased Ppcw also increased stressed and reduced unstressed blood volume and total vascular capacitance.Key words: vascular capacitance, vascular compliance, central blood volume, rapid ventricular pacing, dogs, heart failure.
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Xing, Zhenhua, Liang Tang, Jiabing Huang, Xiaofan Peng, and Xinqun Hu. "Effects of ischaemic postconditioning on outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e022509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022509.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of ischaemic postconditioning (IPC) therapy on hard clinical endpoints in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of IPC on the outcomes of patients with STEMI.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant articles published prior to May 1, 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised trials comparing conventional PPCI to PPCI combined with IPC in STEMI patients were included. The primary endpoint was heart failure. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, heart failure and MI. The Cochrane Reviewer’s Handbook 4.2 was used to assess the risk of bias.Data extraction and synthesisRelevant data were extracted by two independent investigators. We derived pooled risk ratios (RRs) with random effects models. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsTen studies that had enrolled 3137 patients were included. PPCI combined with IPC failed to reduce heart failure (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.26, p=0.47; absolute risk: 3.64% in the IPC group and 4.11% in the PPCI only group), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.27, p=0.68; absolute risk: 5.07% in the IPC group and 5.27% in the PPCI onlygroup), MACE (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.32, p=0.69; absolute risk: 9.37% in the IPC group and 8.93% in the PPCI only group), cardiac death (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.93, p=0.24; absolute risk: 4.28% in the IPC group and 3.25% in the PPCI only group) and MI (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.38 to 3.12, p=0.88; absolute risk: 3.61% in the IPC group and 3.44% in the PPCI only group).ConclusionsIPC combined with PPCI does not reduce heart failure, MACE and all-cause mortality compared with traditional PPCI in patients with STEMI.Trial registration numberCRD42017063959
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Dorkó, Zsanett, Anett Szakolczai, Blanka Tóth, and George Horvai. "Relationship between Commonly Used Adsorption Isotherm Equations Impedes Isotherm Selection." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 61, no. 1 (January 23, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.10103.
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If the measured isotherm data of an adsorption system are well described by the Freundlich equation, then they can similarly well be described by the bi-Langmuir or tri-Langmuir model in most practical cases. This is proved by Monte Carlo simulation and by comparison of the mathematical functions of the respective isotherm models.
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Santoso, Laidestifre Putri, Muqorobin Muqorobin, and Fatkhurrochman Fatkhurrochman. "Online Analysis System of Application of Partners for Land Asrocument Officers of Sukoharjo District." International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) 1, no. 3 (November 26, 2020): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/ijcis.v1i3.18.
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Research in the writing of this final assignment takes the title Analysis of the Online Sale and Purchase Deed Registration System Application for Sukoharjo District Land Deed Maker Officers, where the PPAT itself consists of leaders and office and field staff who bring files to the ATR / BPN office in Sukoharjo, this research applies the method UML (Unified Model Language), in the process. This is to find out the constraints of PPAT in examining the registration of land sale and purchase deeds in the Sukoharjo regency. The data that was collected were processed qualitatively and analyzed descriptively and analytically. The results showed; 1) The function of registering via PPAT Online in assisting PPAT in the transfer of land rights in Sukoharjo Regency is to assist in the process of changing names that arise from the seller to the buyer. 2) The juridical consequences if both parties do not fulfill obligations such as taxation in making deed of transfer of land rights, namely that PPAT will not process the transfer of rights to land and / or buildings if it is not equipped with proof of payment of BPHTB and PPh taxes so that the consequences.
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Kakavas, Sotirios, Dimitrios Karayiannis, Zoi Bouloubasi, Kalliopi Anna Poulia, Steven Kompogiorgas, Dimitrios Konstantinou, and Vasileios Vougas. "Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria Predict Pulmonary Complications and 90-Day Mortality after Major Abdominal Surgery in Cancer Patients." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 3726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123726.
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Although several studies have reported an association between malnutrition and the risk of severe complications after abdominal surgery, there have been no studies evaluating the use of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following major abdominal surgery in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the association among the diagnosis of malnutrition by GLIM criteria, PPCs risk and 90-day all-cause mortality rate following major abdominal surgery in cancer patients. We prospectively analyzed 218 patients (45% male, mean age 70.6 ± 11.2 years) with gastrointestinal cancer who underwent major abdominal surgery at our hospital between October 2018 and December 2019. Patients were assessed preoperatively using GLIM criteria of malnutrition, and 90-day all-cause mortality and PPCs were recorded. In total, 70 patients (32.1%) were identified as malnourished according to GLIM criteria, of whom 41.1% fulfilled the criteria for moderate and 12.6% for severe malnutrition. PPCs were detected in 48 of 218 patients (22%) who underwent major abdominal surgery. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the diagnosis of malnutrition was significantly associated with the risk of PPCs. Furthermore, in multivariate model analysis adjusted for other clinical confounding factors, malnutrition remained an independent factor associated with the risk of PPCs (RR = 1.82; CI = 1.21–2.73) and 90-day all-cause mortality (RR = 1.97; CI = 1.28–2.63, for severely malnourished patients). In conclusion, preoperative presence of malnutrition, diagnosed by the use of GLIM criteria, is associated with the risk of PPCs and 90-day mortality rate in cancer patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
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Azab, Carol, Terry Clark, and Cheryl Burke Jarvis. "Positive psychological capacities: the mystery ingredient in successful service recoveries?" Journal of Services Marketing 32, no. 7 (October 8, 2018): 897–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-11-2017-0407.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of frontline employees’ (FLEs’) positive psychological capacities (PPCs) (optimism, hope, resilience and self-efficacy) on service recovery. Design/methodology/approach A model of FLE PPCs is tested using two studies: a field study (Nretail = 205; Nrestaurant = 160) and between-subject experimental design (Neducation = 206) in three service settings. Findings Results show that positive emotions mediate the relationship between PPCs and problem-solving adaptability, and that authenticity of positive emotions moderates the relationship between positive emotions and interactional justice. Surprisingly, problem-solving adaptability positively influences perceptions of distributive justice and interactional justice. A small interaction effect between positive emotions and problem-solving adaptability also was found. Research limitations/implications The dependent variable (problem-solving adaptability) was measured using an open-ended question evaluated by objective, independent raters rather than a self-reported structured metric, to minimize social desirability bias. Practical implications Given that the customer complaints to the Better Business Bureau in 2016 were close to one million, most of them occurring in the service sector, service firms need continuous research into improving service recovery. This study argues that firms can improve FLEs’ problem-solving adaptability behavior by training existing FLEs to strengthen PPCs, hiring FLEs that have strong PPCs and fostering positive emotions. Originality/value This is the first study that examines the effect of PPCs on service recovery outcomes. By incorporating PPCs as antecedents of positive emotions, this paper explains how FLEs can offer a better recovery rather than dictating what they ought to display and say. An explanation of how FLE PPCs influence customer outcomes via the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and emotion contagion theory is offered, highlighting a novel path/relationship between FLE positive emotions and problem-solving abilities, and extending emotion contagion to service recovery.
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Langer, Laura Kathleen, Seyed Mohammad Alavinia, David Wyndham Lawrence, Sarah Elizabeth Patricia Munce, Alice Kam, Alan Tam, Lesley Ruttan, Paul Comper, and Mark Theodore Bayley. "Prediction of risk of prolonged post-concussion symptoms: Derivation and validation of the TRICORDRR (Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Concussion Outcome Determination and Rehab Recommendations) score." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): e1003652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003652.
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Background Approximately 10% to 20% of people with concussion experience prolonged post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). There is limited information identifying risk factors for PPCS in adult populations. This study aimed to derive a risk score for PPCS by determining which demographic factors, premorbid health conditions, and healthcare utilization patterns are associated with need for prolonged concussion care among a large cohort of adults with concussion. Methods and findings Data from a cohort study (Ontario Concussion Cohort study, 2008 to 2016; n = 1,330,336) including all adults with a concussion diagnosis by either primary care physician (ICD-9 code 850) or in emergency department (ICD-10 code S06) and 2 years of healthcare tracking postinjury (2008 to 2014, n = 587,057) were used in a retrospective analysis. Approximately 42.4% of the cohort was female, and adults between 18 and 30 years was the largest age group (31.0%). PPCS was defined as 2 or more specialist visits for concussion-related symptoms more than 6 months after injury index date. Approximately 13% (73,122) of the cohort had PPCS. Total cohort was divided into Derivation (2009 to 2013, n = 417,335) and Validation cohorts (2009 and 2014, n = 169,722) based upon injury index year. Variables selected a priori such as psychiatric disorders, migraines, sleep disorders, demographic factors, and pre-injury healthcare patterns were entered into multivariable logistic regression and CART modeling in the Derivation Cohort to calculate PPCS estimates and forward selection logistic regression model in the Validation Cohort. Variables with the highest probability of PPCS derived in the Derivation Cohort were: Age >61 years (p^ = 0.54), bipolar disorder (p^ = 0.52), high pre-injury primary care visits per year (p^ = 0.46), personality disorders (p^ = 0.45), and anxiety and depression (p^ = 0.33). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.79 for the derivation model, 0.79 for bootstrap internal validation of the Derivation Cohort, and 0.64 for the Validation model. A limitation of this study was ability to track healthcare usage only to healthcare providers that submit to Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP); thus, some patients seeking treatment for prolonged symptoms may not be captured in this analysis. Conclusions In this study, we observed that premorbid psychiatric conditions, pre-injury health system usage, and older age were associated with increased risk of a prolonged recovery from concussion. This risk score allows clinicians to calculate an individual’s risk of requiring treatment more than 6 months post-concussion.
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Tezel, Guler Bengusu, Kerim Yapici, and Yusuf Uludag. "Flow Characterization of Viscoelastic Fluids around Square Obstacle." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 63, no. 1 (August 29, 2018): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12426.
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This study focuses on the computational implementation of structured non-uniform finite volume method for the 2-D laminar flow of viscoelastic fluid past a square section of cylinder in a confined channel with a blockage ratio 1/4 for Re = 10-4, 5, 10 and 20. Oldroyd-B model (constant viscosity with elasticity) and the PTT model (shear-thinning with elasticity) are the constitutive models considered. In this study effects of the elasticity and inertia on the drag coefficients and stress fields around the square cylinder are obtained and discussed in detail. With an increase elasticity, drag coefficients get smaller due to stronger shear thinning effects for PTT fluid, however, the drag coefficients show slightly enhancement for the Oldroyd-B fluid.