Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Powerful power'

A Powerful Future explores the future electricity demand in Europe until 2050 for the industry, transport, and residential sector. This is done through a bottom-up model capturing the essential parameters for each sector combined with statistics on electricity and energy demand giving two scenarios on future power demand in Europe – High Electrification and Baseline. The electricity demand is built in Excel’s data modelling tool, at the request of Sweco. One aspect of this project also involves challenges when constructing this tool. The resolution will be yearly and economic aspects and feasibility of the electrification have not been investigated in this project. The focus of the project is to capture the most essential activities and technologies affecting the power demand in Europe to be included in the model, and less focus on analyzing each country. The annual results until 2050 for both scenarios show a significant increase in power demand in Europe due to the electrification of the industry and transport sector. The transport sector will reach approximately 550 TWh in Baseline and 600 TWh in High Electrification, while the industrial power demand will reach ~2 000/~2 700 TWh in the Baseline -/High Electrification scenario. These two sectors will account for the biggest increase in power demand while households will have a small increase in power demand. The total modeled annual electricity demand 2050 will be ~5 000/~5 900 TWh in the Baseline -/High Electrification scenario and will be approximately a doubling of the electricity demand 2021.
A Powerful Future utforskar den framtida efterfrågan av el i Europa fram till 2050 för industri, transport och hushållssektorn. Detta görs genom en bottom-up modell som infångar viktiga parametrar för varje sektor kombinerat med historiska data av energi- och elbehov för två olika scenarier för Europa –Baseline och Högelektrifiering. Elbehovet modelleras genom Excels datamodellerings-verktyg, som byggts på Swecos förfrågan. En aspekt i detta projekt involerar utmaningar när ett eget verktyg för detta ska konstrueras. Upplösningen är årlig och ekonomiska aspekter såväl som genomförbarhet har inte undersökts närmare i projektet. Resultat från projektet visar på en signifikant ökning i elbehov i Europa på grund av elektrifiering i industri- och transportsektorn. Transportsektorn kommer kräva circa 600 TWh el i Högelektrifieringsscenariet och 550 TWh i Baselinescenariet, emedan industrisektorns elbehov kommer att nå 2 000/2 700 TWh i Baseline-/Högelektrifieringsscenariet. Dessa två sektorer komma stå för den största ökningen i elbehov emedan hushållssektorn kommer stå för en liten ökning. Det totala elbehovet 2050 har modellerats till 5 000/5 900 TWh i Baseline-/Högelektrifieringsscenariet och är ungefär en fördubbling av elbehovet 2021.

Construction principles of multi-loop control systems of compensators for powerful sounding pulses generators are presented. A method for controlling a compensating system using fuzzy logic and forecast control ideas is described. Proposed compensating system is able to solve different problems: reactive power compensation, harmonic elimination. The system is based on a combination of a thyristor compensator and an active power filter. Some practical results with Matlab-Simulink are presented to check the proposed control performance.

The social networks of IT projects are examined to determine whether powerful stakeholders are identifiable by their centrality in the communication, workflow and friendship networks. Traditional stakeholder models rely on the abilities of the project manager to correctly attribute certain characteristics to stakeholders and thereby determine who is powerful or important to the project. The purpose of the research is to provide an initial network-based stakeholder model that can be used to identify stakeholders by their social interactions in project teams.Stakeholder interactions and power ratings are collected from project team members that are part of three IT projects using social network tools and the resultant sociomatrices analysed to produce centrality measures for each stakeholder. The power ratings consisted of positional, personal and political power variables which were then entered into a regression analysis with nine centrality measures for degree, closeness and betweenness centrality. Overall, the results provided evidence that powerful stakeholders could be determined by their centrality in the various network types. Stakeholders with high personal power can be identified using the communications network. Those with high positional power can be identified using the workflow network and those with high political power can be identified using the friendship network.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have grown significantly over the years and are today considered to be one of the most influential and powerful actors in the world when it comes to defending democracy and upholding various rights. When it comes to human rights, Amnesty International is one of the largest and most respected NGO in the world. Amnesty International works for a world where all the human rights should be respected and can be enjoyed by all the people of the world. Despite the important work of Amnesty International, knowledge of Amnesty International and other NGOs are very limited. The knowledge that exists is considered to be very simplistic, since NGOs are much more complex than one actually thinks. This study is therefore an effort to increase the knowledge and understanding of Amnesty International and NGOs. Using the “Stakeholder theory”, Amnesty International will be analyzed to examine how powerful and effective it is. Various stakeholders in the form of governments in countries and the media will be used to analyze their relationship with Amnesty International in terms of being able to influence. The findings has shown that because Amnesty International lives on donations, they depend on having a high membership base and reputation. Amnesty International prioritizes therefore topics based on how much the interest there are from the public opinion and in the media. This, instead of Amnesty International focusing and working in the countries where the most serious human rights violations occur and take place. Therefore, Amnesty International as a NGO will be weakened in its effort to be effective in changing and influencing the human rights in the world.

The ‘Mapping the Crimes of the Powerful and the Economic Crisis: Crime, State and Power’ focuses on four recent episodes of the different crisis affecting Southern Europe. Departing from criminological literature and crimes of the powerful, the thesis draws attention upon certain elements that made possible the conditions of possibility that led to these crises. The crises need to be understood as the result of the crimes of the powerful. Thus, the thesis interrogates the nature of the crimes of the powerful, as it understands that these crimes are those which produce a wider social harm. Answering from criminology requires an understanding of how these have been conceptualized. Particularly, the thesis defends that state-corporate crimes have to be understood as a process instead of the sum of different isolated cases. We need to locate them within a wider political economy growingly financialised and a set of corporate power relationships, but also colonial and patriarchal that relegate common resources and social rights to mere commodities. Corporate crimes play a key role in the process of power and wealth accumulation. The corporation is the institutionalisation of power relations (class, gender and colonial) where dispossession and violence take place. The corporation and the state that works in its behalf, have proved the capacity to pass laws, to threaten governments, to deploy illegal practices, neglect rights and dispossess people through corporate power and symbolic violence. The crimes of the powerful cannot be scrutinized outside of the political economy where these crimes occur. Financialization of the economy has been a common factor behind all these events that turned previous rights into commodities that had to be bought in the market. Finally, the thesis reclaims the importance of the geopolitical dimension as an element to understand the different kind of crimes that will happen in diverse areas. That is, regional power regimes shape the crimes of the powerful that will occur in each specific area. To comprehend the role played by each of these elements, state, economy and power continues to be central for a criminology that aims to be critical.
La tesi ‘Mapping the Crimes of the Powerful and the Economic Crisis: Crime, State and Power’ es concentra en quatre episodis recents de les diverses crisis que afecten el sud d’Europa. Partint de la literatura criminològica i dels crims dels poderosos, la tesi fixa l’atenció en els diversos elements que han fet possible les condicions que han portat a aquestes crisis. Les crisis han de ser enteses com el resultat dels crims dels poderosos. D’aquesta forma la tesi s’interroga per la naturalesa dels crims dels poderosos, doncs entén que són aquests crims els que generen un major dany social. La tesi es pregunta per quina criminologia és necessària per poder respondre a aquests crims. En concret, la tesi defensa que els crims estatal-corporatius han de ser entesos com un procés enlloc de com una suma de successos diferents aïllats. Els hem de localitzar dins d’una economia política creixentment financiaritzada i un conjunt de relacions de poder corporatiu, però també colonial i patriarcal que relega els recursos comuns i els drets socials a meres mercaderies. Els crims corporatius juguen un rol central en el procés actual d’acumulació de poder i riquesa. La corporació és la institucionalització de relacions de poder (classe, gènere i colonial) a on la despossessió i la violència tenen lloc. La corporació i l’estat que treballa amb ella, han demostrat la capacitat d’aprovar lleis en benefici seu, amenaçar governs, emprar pràctiques il·legals, negar drets i desposseir a gent a través del poder corporatiu i de la violència simbòlica. Els crims dels poderosos no poden ser estudiats fora de l’estructura social on aquests són comesos. La financiarització de l’economia ha sigut un element comú de tots els crims estudiats aquí doncs a trinxat antics drets fins a convertir-los en mercaderies que calia comprar. Per últim, la tesi reivindica que la importància de la dimensió geopolítica com a element a l’hora d’entendre els tipus de crims que succeiran a cada regió. És a dir, els règims de poder regionals configuren els crims dels poderosos que es realitzaran a cada àrea específica. Comprendre el paper jugat per cada un d’aquests elements, estat, economia i poder, segueixen sent claus per una criminologia que aspiri a ser crítica.
Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empresa

Refugee camps have long been considered places of extreme population control. Yet the Za’atari camp, created in Jordan in 2012, soon became famous for frequent refugee demonstrations, sit-ins and stone-throwing. This important capacity for mobilization has been linked to the informal leadership network of ‘street leaders’ that emerged a few months after the camps’ creation (Clarke, 2018). This network challenges the representations of refugees as voiceless victims, and questions the ability of aid organizations to foster community empowerment. It also highlights the power implications of regular organizational practices in refugee camps, and showing how NGOs affect their beneficiaries, it is relevant to the discussion of downward accountability. Thus, studying Za’atari’s power dynamics is crucial to identify conditions of refugee empowerment and improve downward accountability frameworks. In this thesis, this analysis of power dynamics is undertaken with the four-dimensional framework developed by Lukes (1974) and following scholars, which has never been used on refugee camps. The first dimension has to do with individual capacity to influence other’s choices, the second with the limits brought by institutional practices, the third with the meanings assigned to behaviors and the fourth with the socialization processes that teach self-discipline. The thesis studies how a four-dimensional analysis of Za’ataricamp can capture both the extent of camp authorities’ control on residents and the refugees’ capacity to empower themselves. Through the analysis of organizational, journalistic and academic literature, it identifies dimensions of power exercised by and on the camp’s actors at two moments: the street leaders’ rise, and the difficulties of a governance plan implemented to reestablish control. The thesis shows that street leaders were allowed to emerge due to limits in the camp governance’s first dimension and inability to use the second and third dimension, which street leaders, as part of thecommunity, could yield. Moreover, the governance’s plan to restore control encountered difficulties because it was founded on a restrictive one-dimensional view of power linked to the perception of street leaders as mafia-like bosses, refugees as helpless victims and camps as places of containment and order, limiting the authorities’ third dimension. By identifying new factors that were not present in other studies of Za’atari, the findings demonstrate the relevance of the framework to render the complexity of humanitarian settings and encourages its use on other cases. It also reminds the need for aid professionals to work with their beneficiaries’ agency to provide quality services.

The lives of humans and animals have been intertwined through time immemorial, and in many instances the relationship between humans and animals has been thought to be good for human well-being. As such, it is not surprising that treatments for a wide range of ailments, from physical to psychological, have developed that capitalize upon the relationship between humans and animals. While animal-assisted interventions have become popular in practice, the research-base of evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches is limited. Research is needed to clarify the effectiveness of animal-assisted approaches using well-controlled and randomized samples, and to help shed light on the mechanisms of effectiveness for these techniques. While a variety of animals are used for psychotherapeutic intervention, horses are of particular interest because of the qualities that distinguish them from traditional household companion animals. The size, power, and sensitive nature of horses are thought by many to serve as a foundation for personal growth and psychological healing for humans. The current study evaluated the impact of equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) versus traditional contact with horses on the depressive symptoms of five at-risk adolescents. Results suggest that structured contact with horses in either a horsemanship or EAP context may be both enjoyable, engaging, and beneficial for at-risk youth within the areas of depressive symptoms, social skills, and coping skills. Additional skills, such as persistence and problem-solving, may be uniquely impacted by EAP.

The present study investigates Asia’s first Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore’s (1861-1941) writings for children, situating his work in the tumultuous time of colonial India marching towards independence. The study makes an original contribution to Tagore scholarship and the field of children’s literature arguing that Tagore’s designated protagonist, the Bengali child, subverts social and political structures of power and authority, and is a vehicle for the author’s hopes for future. The discourse of Tagore’s literature for children posits, hopes for, and construes an implied child reader - the imagined nation’s future citizens. His constructions of childhood, the study claims, are symbolic, oscillating between the reflective and the transformative and synthesising the author’s intentions, fears, desires, values and attitudes towards childhood. In order to reach its overarching conclusions, the present study has considered the political and social contexts of the original production of the texts which is reflected in the study’s theoretical assumption - the historicist reading of childhood informed by postcolonial and power-oriented theories of children’s literature. Close reading of a selection of Tagore’s writings for children suggest that Tagore’s own ideologies about childhood were decisively shaped by the colonial time and the colonised place in which he lived, and his images of childhood concentrate on physical landscapes of the indigenous Bengal in order to construct an imagined decolonised landscape, and form consciousness of national identity. The present study has also argued that Tagore’s fictional world(s) of children are a result of restorative re-imagining and re-inventing, not just manifestation of his personal grief and experiences. Additionally, Tagore has employed fictive children for a variety of conflicting and complementary uses: mighty and empowered children in fantasy critique fascist regimentation, but their images are juxtaposed elsewhere with realistic portrayals of helpless and disempowered children who are unable to seek agency against societal oppression. Tagore’s persistent but persuasive portrayals of uninspired children in mechanised colonial education and of coercive teachers and teaching methods illuminate his educational ideologies and confirm a prescriptive authorial presence in the narrative. Yet, the present study has contended that Tagore’s imagined childhood is an empowered time and space in which fictive children are able to acquire agency and self-awareness through a variety of pleasurable and unpleasurable experiences, functioning as a democratic channel where child-adult power relations are constantly being negotiated.

Baarda’s outlier test is one of the best established theories in geodetic practice. The optimal test statistic of the local model test for a single outlier is known as the normalized residual. Also other model disturbances can be detected and identified with this test. It enjoys the property of being a uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) test, but is not a uniformly most powerful (UMP) test. In this contribution we will prove that in the class of test statistics following a common central or non-central chi2 distribution, Baarda’s solution is also uniformly most powerful, i.e. UMPchi2 for short. It turns out that UMPchi2 is identical to UMPI, such that this proof can be seen as another proof of the UMPI property of the test. We demonstrate by an example that by means of the Monte Carlo method it is even possible to construct test statistics, which are regionally more powerful than Baarda’s solution. They follow a socalled generalized chi2 distribution. Due to high computational costs we do not yet propose this as a ”new outlier detection method”, but only as a proof that it is in principle possible to outperform the statistical power of Baarda’s test.
Der Ausreißertest nach Baarda ist eine der am besten etablierten Theorien in der geodätischen Praxis. Die optimale Teststatistik des lokalen Modelltests für einen einzelnen Ausreißer wird als normierte Verbesserung bezeichnet. Auch andere Modellabweichungen können mit diesem Test aufgedeckt und identifiziert werden. Er hat die Eigenschaft, der gleichmäßig stärkste invariante (uniformly most powerful invariant, UMPI) Test zu sein, aber er ist kein gleichmäßig stärkster (uniformly most powerful, UMP) Test. In diesem Beitrag werden wir beweisen, dass in der Klasse der Teststatistiken mit einer gewöhnlichen zentralen oder nichtzentralen chi2 Verteilung die Baardaschen Lösung auch gleichmäßig stärkster Test ist, abgekürzt UMPchi2. Es stellt sich heraus, dass UMPchi2 gleichwertig mit UMPI ist, so dass dieser Beweis als ein weiterer Beweis der UMPI-Eigenschaft des Testes angesehen werden kann. Wir zeigen an einem Beispiel, dass es mittels der Monte Carlo Methode sogar möglich ist, Teststatistiken zu konstruieren, die regional stärker ist, als die Baardasche Lösung. Diese weisen eine sogenannte verallgemeinerte chi2 Verteilung auf. Wegen der hohen Rechenkosten schlagen wir das noch nicht als neue Ausreißererkennungsmethode vor, sondern nur als Beweis, dass es im Prinzip möglich ist, die Teststärke des Ausreißertests nach Baarda zu übertreffen.

Актуальність теми. Всім відомий тренд на здешевлення технологій, устаткування, що використовується у відновлюваній енергетиці. Дзеркально відбувається і здешевлення технологій для energy storage. Це пришвидшить розвиток, розбудову цих проектів, а також їх поширення. Тому так, Україна відстала від впровадження законодавчої бази та інвестування в energy storage, але не настільки критично, як можна припустити. Важливо зазначити, що встановлення нових генеруючих потужностей (в основному, це стосується та актуально для «зеленої» енергетики) вимагає інвестування не лише в генерацію як таку, а й у складні технології та інфраструктуру, у тому числі, в системи зберігання енергії. Проте впровадження нормативно-правового регулювання стосовно здійснення діяльності по проектуванню / будівництву / експлуатації / виведенні з експлуатації систем зберігання енергії, не вирішить проблему зношеності мереж. Питання модернізації мереж є одним з найбільш критичних питань в енергетичному секторі України, яке потребує нагального вирішення, адже близько 17% обладнання підстанцій та майже 67% ліній електропередач експлуатуються понад 40 років (згідно даних НЕК «Укренерго», вказаних у Плані розвитку системи передачі на 2020-2029 роки, що має бути затверджений НКРЕКП 13 березня).   Мета та завдання дослідження. Метою дисертаційної роботи є: опрацювання питань щодо оптимізації процесів розподілу електроенергії у комплексі відновлюваних джерел енергії малої потужності з накопичувачами енергії. Для досягнення зазначеної мети були поставлені та вирішені такі задачі: - виконано аналіз поточного стану енергетичного сектора України; - виконано аналіз джерел акумулювання для систем електропостачання; - розглянуто доцільність встановлення енергетичних установок, які працюють з використанням відновлюваних джерел енергії; - вирішено питання оптимального розподілу навантаження між окремими джерелами генерування енергії та системою накопичення енергії. Об’єкт дослідження: процеси розподілу електричної енергії в системах електропостачання. Предмет дослідження: питання щодо проблеми уточнення постановки оптимізації процесів розподілу електричної енергії в системах електропостачання з урахуванням групи чинників різного характеру та характеристик джерел/накопичувачів енергії Методи дослідження. Основу виконаних досліджень було використано алгоритм розподілу ресурсів, який ґрунтується на методі нелокального пошуку запропонованого М.Л. Цетліним і І.М. Гельфандом та підходу Беллмана-Заде. Практичне значення одержаних результатів. У магістерській дисертації отримано наукові результати, що мають цінність для ринку електричної енергії, споживачів електричної енергії, споживачів – власників систем накопичення енергії. Стартап-проєкті пропонується розробка програмного забезпечення, яке дасть змогу споживачу отримати імітацію часового графіка задля оптимального використання джерел енергії, які використовуються в енергокомплексі.
Relevance of the work. There is a whole trend towards cheaper technologies, installation, how to win from new energy sources. Mirror view and cheaper technologies for energy storage. Tse sevvidshit development, rozbudovu tsikh projects, as well as їkh expansion. So, Ukraine has become a part of the legislative basis and investment in energy storage, but it is not so critical, as it can be allowed. It is important to note that the establishment of new generating pressures (in the main, it is important for the "green" energy), investment is not deprived of the generation of yak taku, but at the folding technology and infrastructure in the systems, including the energy supply. In the protest of the normative and legal regulation, one hundred percent of the efficiency of the design / maintenance / exploitation / operation of the energy saving systems, does not break the problem of aging. Nutrition of modernization one of the most critical power supply in the energy sector of Ukraine, as the demand for a major upgrade, is also close to 17% of the ownership of power stations, and even 67% of the power transmission lines are not in use 40 2020-2029 rocky, scho maє buti hardening NKREKP 13 birch). Aim and objectives of the study: Aim and objectives of the study: elaboration of issues related to the optimization of electricity distribution processes in the complex of low-power renewable energy sources with energy storage devices.   To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: - analysis of the current state of the energy sector of Ukraine was performed; - analysis of storage sources for power supply systems was performed; - expediency of installation of power plants operating with the use of renewable energy sources is considered; - the issue of optimal load distribution between separate energy generation sources and energy storage system is solved. The object of the study processes of electricity distribution in power supply systems. Subject of research: optimization of electric energy distribution processes in the complex of low-power renewable energy sources with energy storage devices, taking into account a group of factors of different nature. Subject of research: optimization of electric energy distribution processes in the complex of low-power renewable energy sources with energy storage devices, taking into account a group of factors of different nature. Research methods. The basis of the research was the algorithm of resource allocation, which is based on the method of non-local search proposed by ML Tsetlin and IM Gelfand and the Bellman-Zade approach. Elements of scientific novelty of the obtained results. In the master's dissertation the scientific results which have value for the market of electric energy, consumers of electric energy, consumers - owners of systems of energy storage are received.

Countess Urraca Lope de Haro was the daughter of the noble Lord Diego Lope de Haro, friend and advisor to King Alfonso VIII of Castilla-León and granddaughter of Lord Lope Díaz de Haro and Lady Aldonza Ruiz de Castro, aristocratic courtiers as well as popular monastic patrons. As a young and wealthy widow, Countess Urraca took monastic vows at the Cistercian nunnery of Santa María de Cañas founded by her grandparents. Within a short time of uniting herself to this monastery, she was chosen as its fourth abbess in 1225, a position she held for thirty-seven years until her death in 1262. Following the tradition of monastic patronage established by her noble family members, Countess Urraca expanded the monastery's small real estate holdings, oversaw extensive building projects to create permanent structures for the nunnery, and patronized artistic projects including statuettes of the Virgin Mary and St. Peter in addition to her own decorative stone sarcophagus during her term as abbess. This thesis examines the artistic decoration and architectural patronage of this powerful woman and the influences she incorporated into the monastic structures at Cañas as she oversaw their construction. In dating the original buildings of the monastery at Cañas to the period of Countess Urraca's leadership, the predominant architectural features and decorative details of female Cistercian foundations in northern Spain are discussed. Comparisons with additional thirteenth-century Cistercian monasteries from the same region in northern Spain are offered to demonstrate the artistic connections with the structures Countess Urraca patronized. In addition, this thesis examines Countess Urraca's obvious devotion to the Virgin Mary and St. Peter by considering the medieval monastic world in which she lived and the strong emphasis the Cistercian Order placed on such worship practices. The potent spiritual connections Countess Urraca made by commissioning images of essential, holy intercessors testifies to her devotion to them and the powerful salvatory role she herself played in the lives of the nuns for whom she was responsible. As a nun and abbess, Countess Urraca was urged to emulate Mary's mothering, nurturing qualities, and, as she did so was simultaneously empowered by the Virgin's heavenly authority as administrator of mercy. Indeed, through studying her art it is clear that she saw herself as an intercessor on behalf of the nuns for whom she was responsible. Furthermore, discussion of the imagery displayed on Countess Urraca's decorative stone sarcophagus demonstrates not only a similar message of salvation through intercessors such as Peter and Mary, but also testifies of Abbess Urraca's aristocratic lineage. Through this artistic commission, the Abbess creates another direct, personal link between herself and the Virgin by including the symbol of the rosary throughout the iconography of her tomb. Such a symbol represents her devotion to Mary as Queen of Heaven and simultaneously empowers Countess Urraca as an intercessor herself. All of these architectural and artistic commissions confirm that she was a powerful woman who wielded a great deal of influence.

South Africa’s long history of liberation art and music dates as far back as the 17th century when the Minstrel troupes, comprising slaves from South and South East Asia, East and West Africa, Madagascar and Mozambique, began the annual Tweede Nuwe Jaar tradition, a street festival that still takes place every year on 2 January (F. Inglese, 2014). With songs and performances that recalled “the worst that could be done to people by other people” (N. Worden, 2009), the “Struggle” landscape evolved over the following decades as composers and musicians responded to prevailing socio-economic and politically oppressive circumstances, their work reflecting protests against land dispossession, the pass laws, the enforcement of callous curfews and inhumane forced removals, among others. Against this backdrop, this dissertation explores the role of revolutionary songs in both the battle to end apartheid in South Africa, and their contribution to its ultimate demise. It foregrounds the critical role relevant music and lyrics have played throughout history in raising political awareness and uniting both minorities and majorities doing battle against brutalising, and racially oppressive regimes. It argues for the importance of preserving this element of South Africa’s historic memory, including when the contents make certain sectors of society uncomfortable. While accepting the ruling by Equality Court in 2011 on the matter between Julius Malema and Others against Afriforum and Others that deemed the song commonly known as dubul’ ibhulu (shoot the boer) as hate speech and serving to incite violence, the study will include it as an example of the deep complexity of retaining oral literature as a “collective expression and a celebration of communal, culture specific related experiences which enhance values in traditional societies’’ (A.M. van der Wal, 2009). This dissertation used an oral history research design in order to locate actual human experiences that are related to specific historic events. This required the completion of interviews with fifteen (15) subjects, along with the deployment of secondary sources, including published dissertations, journal articles, newspaper articles, books, websites and interviews. The paper reveals the integral role of revolutionary songs in adding impetus to the struggle against the racist and oppressive system of apartheid, and argues for continued interrogation and critical thinking to be applied as the country and its legislative structures provide space for individuals to talk simultaneously about their present experiences of needs, wants and desires (A.M. van der Wal, 2009). It is therefore inevitable that these will – and should – continue to have relevance as a means to pass on knowledge about the past, while helping inspire younger generations to continue their present-day struggles to secure a better future.
Dissertation (MSoSci)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Andrew Mellon Foundation
Historical and Heritage Studies
MSoSci (Heritage and Museum Studies)
Unrestricted

Ideal prostheses are defined as artificial limbs that would permit physically impaired individuals freedom of movement and independence rather than a life of disability and dependence. Current lower limb prostheses range from a single mechanical revolute joint to advanced microprocessor controlled mechanisms. Despite the advancement in technology and medicine, current lower limb prostheses are still lacking an actuation element, which prohibits patients from regaining their original mobility and improving their quality of life. This thesis aims to design and test a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle that would actuate lower limb prostheses. This would offer patients the ability to ascend and descend stairs as well as standing up from a sitting position. A comprehensive study of knee biomechanics is first accomplished to characterize the actuation requirement, and subsequently a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle design is proposed. A novel design of muscle end fixtures is presented which would allow the muscle to operate at a gage pressure surpassing 2.76 MPa (i.e. 400 psi) and yield a muscle force that is at least 3 times greater than that produced by any existing equivalent Pneumatic Artificial Muscle. Finally, the proposed Pneumatic Artificial Muscle is tested and validated to verify that it meets the size, weight, kinetic and kinematic requirements of human knee articulation.

No
This article aims to understand how emotions are integral elements in relations of power and government, with particular reference to the `War on Terror' declared by many Western governments after the events of 11 September 2001. In particular, I analyse two incidents within this: the peace demonstration against the Iraq war in London, 2003, and the aftermath of the Madrid train bombings in Spain, 2004. Using newspaper reports of these two incidents, I analyse how emotions were used by governments to try to direct the conduct of the population along with the uncertain reaction to this. Using Foucault's insights on power along with the theoretical work of Durkheim, Arendt and Nussbaum, I argue the evidence indicates that the emotions which run through relations of power are complex and ambivalent, motivating resistance and opposition to government as much as compliance.

The present study explores the hypothesis that the mental representations of abstract concepts are grounded in concrete (physical) dimensions and are multimodal. Earlier studies in the framework of embodiment and conceptual metaphor suggested that the concept of power is grounded in physical size, such that big = powerful and small = powerless. In the present study, we examined if the abstract concept of power is grounded in physical size and auditory volume. Participants decided whether social groups are powerful or powerless; the group labels were presented visually, once in a big and once small font, and auditorily, once in a high and once in a low volume. Repeated measures analysis revealed that powerful words were identified more rapidly when presented in a big font or in a high volume, and powerless words when presented in a small font or in a low volume, but not all the findings were significant. Additionally, response times were predicted by item power (powerful faster) and modality (visual faster). The compatibility of the results with the hypotheses and a possible alternative explanation are discussed; item selection is considered to be the major limitation of the study.
Este estudo explora a hipótese de que as representações mentais de conceitos abstractos assentam em dimensões concretas (físicas) e são multimodais. Estudos anteriores enquadrados pelas teorias da corporalização (embodiment) e das metáforas conceptuais sugerem que o conceito de poder está assente em dimensões físicas, sendo grande = poderoso e pequeno = não poderoso. No presente estudo investigámos se o conceito abstracto de poder está assente nas dimensões de tamanho físico e volume auditivo. Os participantes classificaram grupos sociais como sendo poderosos ou não poderosos; os nomes dos grupos foram apresentados visualmente, uma vez numa fonte grande e outra vez numa fonte pequena, e auditivamente, uma vez num volume alto e outra vez num volume baixo. Análises com medidas repetidas revelaram, de acordo com o esperado, que as palavras relativas a grupos poderosos foram identificadas mais rapidamente quando apresentadas numa fonte grande ou num volume alto. Inversamente, as palavras relativas a grupos não-poderosos foram identificadas mais rapidamente quando apresentadas numa fonte pequena ou num volume baixo. No entanto, nem todos os resultados se revelaram estatisticamente significativos. Adicionalmente, os tempos de resposta dependeram do poder associado às palavras (poderosas mais rápidas) e da modalidade da apresentação (visual mais rápidas). As implicações destes resultados para as hipóteses estudadas são discutidas; a selecção das palavras é considerada como a maior limitação do estudo.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
經濟學系
93
This paper reexamines the issue of long-run Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using unit root tests with good size and power in the framework of confirmatory analysis. PPP states that the exchange rate adjusted price levels in two countries should be the same under the long run. The most common way to test the PPP relationship is to apply the Panel unit root tests to the real exchange rate. However, using Panel unit root tests have to keep an eye on the problem of cross-sectional dependency in the panel data and the problem of hypothesis in null and alternative. We use univariate and covariate unit root tests on annual U.S dollar real exchange rates from 1948 to 2003 to investigate PPP. The results reveal that only the real exchange rate of Japan and Switzerland are not mean-reverting among nineteen countries. Most of them are able to explain the PPP is hold.

This thesis focuses on a relatively new manner of looking into the discretionary decisions implemented bypowerful social actors - judges, prosecutors, and police officers- resulting in detremential effects for African Americans in the criminal justice system. While it is common to look into inequality in the system, there has not been much research done on the frame of thinking of these actors when making these decisions. This study will develop the concept of the "white framing model" while simultaneously demanding change.The white framing model will be developed by linking four theoretical concepts the white racial frame, systemic racism, interest convergence, and Eurocentric law. This thesis found the thinking of these actors from this frame has resulted in surmountable amounts of discrimination and a disproportionate amount of African Americans in prison. Seventy percent of African Americans have reported an experience of a discriminatory nature compared to 36% reported by their white counterparts in their lifetimes. These discriminatory acts are often experienced through interaction with law enforcement agencies that are in place to provide social order. Further results show the overall consequences for black men were being imprisoned 11.8 times more than whites. This study provides evidence that uncovers the covert racist nature of the criminal justice system that can be ignored by the untrained eye. Future work will involve change in policies, people holding these positions, and implementation of these solutions. These policy implementations include demanding a critical mass of African Americans to occupy powerful social positions, and the implementation of programs to reflect assistance for people of color. These solutions will not only provide a representative sample in criminal justice positions, but also make a difference in a system that is often unjust to people of color.

Action on climate change will require an increase in renewable energy projects to support electrification in the transition away from burning fossil fuels. Indigenous peoples throughout Canada are developing community-owned small-scale (producing less than one megawatt of power) renewable energy projects and are interested in developing more. Despite Indigenous peoples’ involvement and interest, there is a lack of research into the impact of these projects for communities. This thesis explores whether and how small-scale renewable energy projects developed by First Nations communities in British Columbia (BC) might contribute to supporting justice within the energy transition. The research included a province-wide survey (First Nations Clean Energy Survey), and a case study with a remote First Nation with multiple small-scale renewable energy projects in operation—the Village of Skidegate on Haida Gwaii. This research found that small-scale projects are a distinct experience within the renewable energy sector, one that is offering First Nations communities an accessible form of power production that provides myriad benefits. Some benefits were easy to measure, such as cost savings and greenhouse gas reductions, while the majority of benefits were not as easy to quantify, such as increasing connection and engagement with energy, increasing self-sufficiency, providing a vision of a future free of oil and gas reliance, community pride and education. As these benefits indicate, the thesis concludes that small-scale renewable energy developments offer a distinctive and important opportunity that First Nations are using to enforce self-determination and build community resilience.
Graduate

Yes
This paper develops a theory of the subjectivity of the leader through the philosophical lens of Hegel’s master/slave dialectic and its recent interpretation by the philosopher Judith Butler. This is used to analyse the working life history of a man who rose from poverty to a leadership position in a large company and eventually to running his own successful business. Hegel’s dialectic is foundational to much Western thought, but in this paper, I rashly update it by inserting a leader in between the master, whose approval the leader needs if s/he is to sustain self-hood, and the follower, who becomes a tool that the leader uses when trying to gain that elusive approval. The analysis follows the structure of Butler’s reading of the Dialectic and develops understanding of the norms that govern how leaders should act and the persons they should be. Hard work has become for leaders an ethical endeavour, but they grieve the sacrifice of leisure. They enjoy a frisson of erotic pleasure at their power over others but feel guilt as a result. They must prove their leadership skills by ensuring their followers are perfect employees but at the same time must prove their followers are poor workers who need their continued leadership. This leads to the conclusion that the leader is someone who is both powerful and powerless. This analysis is intended not to demonize leaders, but to show the harm that follows the emphasis on leadership as a desirable and necessary organizational function.

Choi, Fai Ho.
Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-51).
Abstracts and appendix also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 08, November, 2016).

Powerful people perform observable agentic behaviors (e.g., directing tasks), and people expect powerful people to act in these agentic ways. Furthermore, Role Congruity Theory predicts that people are disliked when their behavior contradicts such expectations. To this end, we examined perceivers’ romantic liking for opposite-sex targets depending on whether or not the targets conformed to a powerful role. Participants interacted with two opposite-sex partners in brief, recorded sessions. We manipulated (a) which of the opposite-sex partners was actually given power and (b) participants’ perceptions of which opposite-sex partners was given power. Participants reported the most romantic liking for partners who actually were given power, but only when this reality matched participants’ perceptions of who had power. This interaction effect on liking was mediated by the time the opposite-sex partner directed the conversation; that is, when perceptions of power were shared, the powerful partner behaved more agentically and was better liked.

The present research examines the impact of perceived social power on individuals’ decisions for alternative modes of luxury brands acquisition, whether for first-hand, second-hand or counterfeit luxury goods. It also explores whether these decisions are moderated by the level of luxury of the brand, i.e. entry-level or top-level luxury brands. Thus, through an experimental study with a mixed design, this paper showed that high-power individuals are less willing to purchase counterfeit products than their powerless counterparts and that are also less price-sensitive. Also, it proposes that high states of social power lead to more conservative socially risky decisions than low states of social power in a purchasing context. Nevertheless, it can also lead to more risky decisions when purchasing products that carry high levels of financial risk. There was a consensual difference between groups: regardless of the perceived social power, individuals have more purchase intentions for authentic luxury products (first and second-hand) than for the non-authentic ones (counterfeits). However, while the purchasing intentions of the latter are identical among both authentic products, low-power individuals demonstrated a greater willingness to purchase second-hand luxury products than the first-hand ones. Moreover, contrary to expectations, low-power individuals show more propensity to buy counterfeit products than their powerful counterparts. The conclusions and implications of these results are discussed throughout the dissertation.
O presente estudo analisa os efeitos do poder social no processo de decisão por diferentes tipos de aquisição de marcas de luxo, quer seja em primeira-mão, segunda-mão ou contrafeitos. Além disso, examina o facto destas decisões serem moderadas pelo nível de luxo da marca, isto é, por marcas de luxo de gama básica e por marcas de luxo topo de gama. Assim, através de um estudo experimental com um design misto, esta dissertação mostra que os indivíduos com elevado poder social estão menos dispostos a comprar produtos contrafeitos do que os que detêm menos poder, assim como também são menos sensíveis ao preço. Além disso, propõe que níveis elevados de poder social leva a que os indivíduos tomem decisões socialmente mais conservadoras num contexto de aquisição de bens, comparativamente aos indivíduos com baixo poder social. Não obstante, também pode levar a decisões mais arriscadas na compra de produtos que acarretam maior nível de risco financeiro. Verificou-se também que independentemente do poder social percecionado, existem mais intenções de compra por produtos autênticos (primeira-mão e segunda-mão) do que por produtos não autênticos (contrafeitos). No entanto, enquanto que as intenções de compra dos indivíduos com elevado poder social são idênticas entre produtos autênticos, os indivíduos com pouco poder demonstraram-se mais dispostos a adquirir produtos de luxo já usados do que em primeira-mão. Além disso, e contrariamente ao esperado, os indivíduos com baixo poder social demonstram uma maior propensão na compra de produtos contrafeitos do que indivíduos com elevado poder social.