Academic literature on the topic 'Powerful owls'
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Journal articles on the topic "Powerful owls"
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Cooke, Raylene, Rohan Bilney, and John White. "Potential competition between two top-order predators following a dramatic contraction in the diversity of their prey base." Animal Biology 61, no. 1 (2011): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075511x554400.
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AbstractTwo sympatric native top-order predators, the sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa) and powerful owl (Ninox strenua) coexist throughout much of their range in south-eastern Australia. Following European settlement, however, major changes in resource availability for these predators potentially resulted in increased competition, especially for food. This study examined ecological attributes of both species, including intersexual differences in the sooty owl, potential resource partitioning and whether competition may be occurring. Dietary overlap was high between female sooty owls and powerful owls (0.90), compared to overlap between male sooty owls and powerful owls (0.67), with three mammalian species contributing over 74% of their diets. Sooty and powerful owls coexisted throughout the study region, regularly roosting within the same vegetation types, and in similar locations, although microhabitat differences were apparent. Sooty owls displayed aseasonal breeding, although a peak in fledging in spring coincided with powerful owl breeding. Both species exclusively nested in similar size mountain grey gums (Eucalyptus cypellocarpa), however, hollow characteristics differed slightly. Significant divergence along a single niche dimension was not detected between powerful and sooty owls, as they had similar diets, habitat usage and activity times, potentially resulting in competition. Reproductive output was low for both species, however, the degree to which competitive interactions influenced this remains unknown. To minimise potential competition, longterm feral predator control and improved habitat management is recommended to increase the density and diversity of small terrestrial mammals, as this should result in diversification of the sooty owl diet, reducing dietary overlap with powerful owls.
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Bilney, Rohan J., Raylene Cooke, and John White. "Change in the diet of sooty owls (Tyto tenebricosa) since European settlement: from terrestrial to arboreal prey and increased overlap with powerful owls." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04128.
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The current diet of the sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) was determined by analysing freshly regurgitated pellets collected beneath their roosting sites in East Gippsland, Victoria. Comparisons were then made with: (i) prehistoric and historic diet from bone deposits found in cave roosts, and (ii) diet of a sympatric owl species, the powerful owl (Ninox strenua). Sooty owls consumed a large array of terrestrial mammal species before European settlement, but only three terrestrial species were detected in their current diet, a reduction of at least eight species since European settlement. To compensate, sooty owls have increased their consumption of arboreal prey from 55% to 81% of their diet. Arboreal species are also a major component of the powerful owl diet and this prey shift by sooty owls has increased dietary overlap between these two species. Predation by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and other feral species is likely to have reduced the amount of terrestrial prey available to sooty owls since European settlement. Investigation of changes in the diet of sooty owls may offer a unique monitoring system for evaluating the ability of fox-control strategies to influence increases in numbers of critical-weight-range mammals.
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Cooke, Raylene, Hannah Grant, Isabel Ebsworth, Anthony R. Rendall, Bronwyn Isaac, and John G. White. "Can owls be used to monitor the impacts of urbanisation? A cautionary tale of variable detection." Wildlife Research 44, no. 7 (2017): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16185.
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Context Due to their important ecological roles, predators are increasingly being suggested as targets for biodiversity studies investigating how they respond to landscape change and transformation. But there is limited literature investigating our capacity to accurately monitor changes in their occupancy. Aims To test the efficacy of playback surveys for monitoring owls as a basis for investigating change in owl occupancy over time. We ask whether playback is an effective tool, and whether it can be optimised to improve its utility. Methods Using the urban–forest interface of Melbourne, Australia, as a case study, we used playback techniques to survey for the presence of three owl species: the powerful owl (Ninox strenua); southern boobook (Ninox boobook); and eastern barn owl (Tyto javanica). Sites were repeat surveyed at least 16 times throughout the year and occupancy models were developed to establish how season and temperature influence nightly detection probabilities of owls. Key results All three species of owl were detected through playback survey approaches, but the detection probabilities varied greatly between species and across seasons and temperature conditions. Eastern barn owls are poor candidates for playback surveys due to their low detection probabilities. The southern boobook and powerful owl are responsive to playback, but detection probabilities are influenced by season and/or temperature conditions. To optimise survey approaches, southern boobooks should be surveyed during spring and summer and the powerful owl should be surveyed on nights where the minimum temperature is near 20°C. Conclusions Although there is considerable interest in using predators such as owls to monitor biodiversity impacts associated with landscape change, poor detection rates can limit their utility. However, optimising survey approaches that consider shifting detection probabilities under different conditions such as time of year or temperature may improve the utility of predators as surrogates in biodiversity monitoring. Implications Optimising survey approaches for owls considerably reduces the window of opportunity in which to conduct surveys. To counter this, the intensity of survey effort needs to be increased during key periods. The use of highly trained citizen science teams may be one effective way of delivering such an approach.
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Cooke, R., R. Wallis, F. Hogan, J. White, and A. Webster. "The diet of powerful owls (Ninox strenua) and prey availability in a continuum of habitats from disturbed urban fringe to protected forest environments in south-eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 33, no. 3 (2006): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05058.
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This study investigates the diet of six breeding pairs of powerful owls in the Yarra Valley Corridor in Victoria, Australia, and compares prey consumption with prey availability. The six sites represent a continuum of habitats, ranging from urban Melbourne, through the urban fringe interface to a more forested landscape. We found that powerful owls in the Yarra Valley Corridor are reliant almost exclusively on arboreal marsupial prey as their preferred diet, with 99% of their overall diet comprising four arboreal marsupial species. These four species (the common ringtail possum, common brushtail possum, sugar glider and greater glider) were also the most abundant species observed while spotlighting; however, their abundance varied along the continuum. There was a strong positive relationship with the presence of these species in the diet and their site-specific availability, indicating that the powerful owl is a generalist hunter, preying on the most available prey at a given site and in a given season. This study suggests that food resources are high in these disturbed urban fringe sites and it is unlikely that food availability in urban environments will limit the potential survival of urban powerful owls.
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Isaac, Bronwyn, John White, Daniel Ierodiaconou, and Raylene Cooke. "Response of a cryptic apex predator to a complete urban to forest gradient." Wildlife Research 40, no. 5 (2013): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13087.
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Context Urbanisation is one of the most damaging landscape-scale disturbance processes leading to significant and potentially irreversible changes in biodiversity. How apex predators respond to urbanisation is poorly understood, largely because of their low density and low detectability. Given the important functional roles of apex predators in ecosystems, it is critical that research investigates how they respond to urbanisation, and how urban systems can be designed to better support apex predators. Aims The present research aims to examine how an avian apex predator, the powerful owl, responds to a complete urban–forest gradient in southern Victoria, Australia. Specifically, the research aims to understand the environmental attributes that drive habitat suitability for powerful owls across the urban–forest gradient. Methods Using a total of 683 independent field- and atlas-derived records of powerful owls across the study site, the research takes a presence-only modelling approach. The presence points were modelled against a series of geospatial variables that were determined a priori on the basis of the known ecology of powerful owls. Key results Potential powerful owl habitat declined in a dramatic fashion in response to increasing levels of urbanisation, ranging from 76% of the forest landscape to 21% of the urban landscape. Powerful owl habitat availability across the urban–forest gradient is positively influenced by tree cover, productivity (normalised difference vegetation index) and proximity to river systems and riparian vegetation. Conclusions Presence-only modelling has provided a useful way for investigating the response of an apex predator to a gradient of urbanisation. Although powerful owl habitat availability is negatively reduced by urbanisation, there is significant scope to manage urban landscapes to either maintain or improve the availability of habitat across the gradient. Implications High resource-requiring species, such as apex predators, have the capacity to be detrimentally affected by urbanisation processes. Presence-only modelling, however, provides a useful tool for investigating how these difficult-to-detect species are affected by urbanisation, and ultimately inform how landscapes can be managed to maximise habitat availability for apex predators.
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Subach, Aziz. "Training barn owls: a powerful tool in ecological experiments." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 3-4 (May 18, 2016): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2015.1123851.
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Predators affect prey directly by predation and indirectly by triggering behavioral responses that aim at reducing predation risk. In this paper, I present a method for training an avian predator which can allow separating between its direct and indirect effects on prey in various experimental setups. Barn owls are found to be a valuable tool for empirically testing different hypotheses related to predator-prey interactions, population dynamics, and inter-specific competition, all performed in the field using authentic rodent prey and their natural predators. Barn owls are raised and trained to participate in field experiments using classical conditioning, and are trained either to catch rodents or only to fly above a certain area without making any attempt to attack the prey, simulating solely predation risk. Body mass is a crucial factor in the training procedure, and I thus define five body mass ranges that characterize different behavioral stages in the training of owls. A logistic model is used to calculate and to predict changes in the body mass during the growth and training periods of owls. Finally, I discuss several possible implications of the usage of trained barn owls in empirical studies.
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Knudsen, Eric I. "Fused Binocular Vision is Required for Development of Proper Eye Alignment in Barn Owls." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (January 1989): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800004302.
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AbstractThe eyes of adult barn owls (Tyto alba) are virtually fixed in the head in positions that are highly consistent from one individual to the next. However, early in development the eyes are exodeviated; the eyes achieve their adult positions during the owl's second month of life. Disruption of binocular vision in baby owls leads to permanent, highly abnormal eye positions and interocular alignment. Of three owls raised with both eyelids sutured closed, two developed exotropic strabismus and one developed esotropic strabismus. Two owls reared with monocular vision developed esotropic strabismus, whereas three owls reared with fused, but optically deviated binocular vision developed normal eye positions. Thus, the alignment of the eyes in adults results from an active process that depends on fused binocular vision during early life.Extracellular microelectrode recordings from the optic tecta of strabismic owls reveal that many units retain binocular inputs from corresponding points of the two eyes: the left-eye and right-eye receptive fields of individual units are misaligned by an amount predicted by the direction and magnitude of the strabismus. These results indicate that an innately determined pattern of connections in the brain anticipates the eye positions necessary to achieve binocular fusion. The hypothesis is put forth that the powerful activation of such binocular neurons by strong, synchronous inputs from the two eyes is the signal required by the optimotor system that proper eye alignment has been attained.
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A. McCarthy, Michael, Alan Webster, Richard H. Loyn, and Kim W. Lowe. "Uncertainty in assessing the viability of the Powerful Owl Ninox strenua in Victoria, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 2 (1999): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990144.
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A model of the metapopulation dynamics of Powerful Owls Ninox strenua in Victoria, Australia is described, and its parameters were derived from available data. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the survival rate of adult owls is the most important parameter in the model. Because estimates of this parameter are uncertain, the predictions of the model are uncertain and unreliable. Using the best estimates of the parameters, the predicted risk of decline across Victoria is low, and local populations larger than 100 pairs have a low risk of extinction. If the lower estimates of adult and sub-adult survival are used, the abundance of Powerful Owls across Victoria is predicted to decline exponentially and faces extinction from deterministic forces. A prohibitively large field programme involving monitoring of individuallyrecognizable owls would be required to obtain an improved estimate of adult survival, and so further use of population viability analysis to assess the adequacy of particular management strategies is unlikely to be useful for this species. An alternative is to establish a long-term monitoring programme to document changes in abundance of the species in logged and unlogged landscapes.
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Lavazanian, E., R. Wallis, and A. Webster. "Diet of powerful owls (Nixox strenua) living near Melbourne, Victoria." Wildlife Research 21, no. 6 (1994): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940643.
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The diet of powerful owls (Ninox strenua) living at Christmas Hills, 35 km north-east of Melboume, was examined by analysis of 686 regurgitated pellets collected over two years. Mammalian prey was found in 89%, insects in 13%, vegetation in 11% and birds in 10% of the pellets. Of the mammals, common ringtail possums occurred most frequently in the pellets over the year. There was no seasonal difference in the frequency of occurrences of common ringtail possums and sugar gliders in pellets. However, common brushtail possums were more likely to be taken in spring than in the other seasons. More adult common ringtail possums were taken as prey than were other age classes over the year, except in summer when high numbers of young were consumed by the owls.
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Therrien, J. F., G. Fitzgerald, G. Gauthier, and J. Bêty. "Diet–tissue discrimination factors of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in blood of Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-008.
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Analysis of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotope ratios (hereafter δ13C and δ15N, respectively) in animal tissues is a powerful tool in food-web studies. However, isotopic ratios of prey are not transmitted directly to a consumer, as a diet–tissue discrimination factor (denoted Δ) occurs between sources and consumer’s tissues. An accurate assessment of the diet of a consumer with stable isotopes thus requires that the Δ13C and Δ15N of the studied species are known. Our aim was to establish Δ13C and Δ15N values in the Snowy Owl ( Bubo scandiacus (L., 1758)). Moreover, we assessed the potential effect of ethanol preservation of blood samples on δ13C and δ15N values. We kept four captive adult Snowy Owls on a pure diet of mice for ≥6 weeks. We then collected mouse muscle and blood samples from the owls and analyzed their δ13C and δ15N values. Δ13C and Δ15N values (mean ± SE) for owl blood were +0.3‰ ± 0.2‰ and +1.9‰ ± 0.1‰, respectively. These values are the first discrimination factors ever reported in Strigiformes and are lower, for Δ15N, than those obtained in terrestrial carnivores and other bird species, including falcons. Preservation in ethanol did not significantly affect δ13C and δ15N values.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Powerful owls"
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Lavazanian, Elizabeth, and elizabeth lavazanian@deakin edu au. "Diet and habitat of the powerful owl (Ninox strenua) living near Melbourne." Deakin University, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20071204.153147.
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The diet of Powerful Owls (Ninox strenua) living at Christmas Hills, 35km north-east of Melbourne was examined by analysis of 686 regurgitated pellets collected over two years.
An aid was also developed to help identify potential mammalian prey species based on hair and skeletal characteristics. The following features were found to be most useful in distinguishing between the three species of arboreal marsupials - Common Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps):
- Cross-sectional width of primary guard hairs.
- The size and shape of the nasal, frontal, parietal and squamosal bones of the skull.
- Dentition. The size and shape of the upper incisor, canine and premolar teeth. The size and shape of the lower incisor and premolar teeth.
- The size of the humerus. The Sugar Glider has a much smaller humerus than that of the Common Ringtail Possum and the Common Brushtail Possum. In the Common Brushtail Possum the entepicondyle ends in a very sharp point but the Common Ringtail Possum this point is not as sharp.
- The Common Ringtail Possums femur has a very prominent trochanter which projects further than that in the Common Brushtail Possum. The femur of the Sugar Glider is distinguished by having a very large depression between the condyle and the trochanter.
- The Common Brushtail Possums scapula has a narrower lower blade (relative to length) than that in the Common Ringtail Possum. The scapula of the Sugar Glider is smaller in size than that of the other two possums.The pelvic girdle Of the Common Brushtail Possum has a much wider ischium than those of the Common Brushtail Possum and the Sugar Glider. The ilium of the Sugar is much narrower and smaller than that of the other two possums
Mammalian prey was found in 89%, insects in 13% and birds in 10% of the pellets. Of the mammals, Common Ringtail Possums occurred most frequently in the pellets over the year. There was no seasonal difference in the frequency of occurrence of Common Ringtail Possums and Sugar Gliders in pellets. However, Common Brushtail Possums were more likely to be taken in spring than in the other seasons. More adult Common Ringtail Possums were taken as prey than were other age classes over the year, except in summer when high numbers of young were consumed by the owls.
The habitat of the Powerful Owl was examined by ground surveys and spotlight surveys in sixteen sites within the Warrandyte-Kinglake Nature Conservation Link. Four categories of survey sites were chosen with the following features.
Category A - Sites with a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees, as well as many old trees (>10/ha) which might be suitable for nest hollows.
Category B - Sites which lacked a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees and containing few or no old trees suitable for nest hollows.
Category C - Sites with a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees but containing few or no old trees suitable for nest hollows.
Category D - Sites which lacked a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees but having old trees (>10/ha) which might be suitable for nest hollows.
High prey densities strongly correlated with the presence of hollows at these sites.
In the light of the results, management recommendations were made for the future conservation of the Powerful Owls living at Christmas Hills. The following recommendations were particularly important:
1. Cleared or semi - cleared land within the Warrandyte Kinglake Nature Conservation Link be revegetated using indigenous species of eucalypts and waffles in order to
provide a contiguous native forest corridor for the movement of possums and gliders between the Yarra River Valley and the Kinglake Plateau.
2. Continued planting of Eucalyptus spp. and Acacia spp. in the forested areas of the Warrandyte-Kinglake Nature Conservation Link.
3. Continued protection of healthy living trees to provide a continuous supply of hollow trees.
4. No falling of dead standing trees for firewood collecting as these can provide nest hollows for prey species of the Powerful Owl.
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Cooke, Raylene, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Ecology of powerful owls (Ninox strenua) in contrasting habitats of the Yarra Valley Corridor, Victoria, Australia." Deakin University. School og Ecology and Environment, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.133845.
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In this research I investigated ecological attributes of Powerful Owls (Ninox strenua) in a continuum of habitats throughout the Yarra Valley corridor of Victoria, Australia. These habitats ranged from a highly urbanized parkland (the Yarra Valley Metropolitan Park) to a relatively undisturbed closed forest (Toolangi State Forest).
Different aspects of the owls' ecology were investigated at six sites to determine whether their behaviour changed when they occupied habitats with different levels of urbanization and disturbance.
The ecological attributes investigated were habitat utilization and habitat requirements (for both roosting and nesting), adult behaviour (through radio-tracking), juvenile behaviour and dispersal (through radio tracking), diet (through analysing regurgitated food pellets) and breeding success rates. A number of methods were used to capture adult Powerful Owls. These are described and their effectiveness discussed. The types of radio-transmitters and colour bands used for identification of owls are also described.
The results showed that Powerful Owls are present and successfully breed in urban and suburban areas and that they can tolerate moderate levels of disturbance. However, Powerful Owls do require sites with high prey densities, roost trees and trees with suitable breeding hollows. In comparison with Powerful Owls living elsewhere in forests, the urban owls displayed higher tolerance levels to disturbance and were less selective in terms of habitat usage and diet. Home range sizes of urban
Powerful Owls also appeared much smaller than those of the forest-dwelling Powerful Owls. This is probably due to the high prey densities in the urban areas.
The ecology of the Powerful Owl is compared with that of two owl species from North America, the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurind) and the Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). In particular, I compared the similarities and differences in habitat requirements and breeding successes in different habitats for the three species.
Overall, it would appear that urban areas can support Powerful Owls providing some old-growth trees are maintained to provide nest hollows. Implications for the long-term management of Powerful Owls in urban areas are also discussed.
Books on the topic "Powerful owls"
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The powerful owl. Chippendale: Picador Australia, 1994.
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Olsen, Jerry. Australian High Country Owls. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104105.
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Australian High Country Owls provides the latest scientific information on Australian owl species, especially Ninox owls. It details studies of Southern Boobooks and Powerful Owls, visits to North America and Europe to learn about owl research, and the resulting publications that overturned some existing beliefs about Australian owls. Ultimately, this led to the discovery of a new owl species in Indonesia, the Little Sumba Hawk-Owl.
Appendices cover the biology, conservation and rehabilitation of Australian owls, including: field recognition, subspecies taxonomy, habitat, behaviour, food, range, migration, breeding, voice and calls, status and myths, questions about each species, and techniques for caring for injured and orphaned owls.
The book includes numerous photographs of different owl species, and will be a handy reference for bird researchers and amateur bird watchers alike.
2012 Whitley Award Commendation for Vertebrate Natural History.
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Howe, S. F. Morning Routine For Night Owls: How To Supercharge Your Day With A Gentle Yet Powerful Morning Routine. Diamond Star Press, 2018.
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Kerrod, Robin. Birds of Prey: Learn about Eagles, Owls, Falcons, Hawks and Other Powerful Predators of the Air, in 190 Exciting Pictures. Anness Publishing, 2014.
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Lindenmayer, David, Christopher MacGregor, Nick Dexter, Martin Fortescue, and Esther Beaton. Booderee National Park. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300433.
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Booderee National Park at Jervis Bay, 200km south of Sydney, attracts over 450,000 visitors each year. The park has many special features, including dramatic wave cut platforms and sea caves, some of the whitest beach sands in Australia, and very high densities of native predators such as the Powerful Owl and the Diamond Python. This book outlines the biology and ecology of Booderee National Park.
Booderee packs an extraordinary level of biodiversity into a small area (roughly 6500 hectares), with more than 260 species of terrestrial vertebrates and over 625 species of plants. It is home to species of significant conservation concern, such as the globally endangered Eastern Bristlebird for which the park is one of its last and most important strongholds. The diversity of vegetation is also astounding: in some parts of the park, it is possible to walk from ankle-high sedgelands, through woodlands and forest and into subtropical rainforest in less than 150 metres.
The book highlights how Booderee National Park is a functional natural ecosystem and, in turn, how management practices aim to improve environmental conditions and promote biodiversity conservation. Richly illustrated with colour images from award-winning photographer Esther Beaton, it will delight visitors to the park as well as anyone with an interest in natural history.
Book chapters on the topic "Powerful owls"
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Cooke, Raylene, Fiona Hogan, Bronwyn Isaac, Marian Weaving, and John G. White. "Powerful Owls: Possum Assassins Move into Town." In Urban Raptors, 152–65. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-841-1_11.
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Roudavski, Stanislav, and Dan Parker. "Modelling Workflows for More-than-Human Design: Prosthetic Habitats for the Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua)." In Impact: Design With All Senses, 554–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29829-6_43.
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Eberl, Markus. "A Ruler Just Like Me." In War Owl Falling. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056555.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 addresses how power and status affect innovation. Earlier approaches considered status as an objective measure of the innovative spirit. These models fail to capture the more complex reality in which all members of society control resources, albeit to differing degrees. Power involves not only the imposition of one’s will on others but also (and possibly even more so) the subtle shaping of the framework in which individuals make their decisions. The powerful are choice architects. Thaler and Sunstein’s (2008) six principles are applied to the changing relationships between kings and their people at Late Classic Copan. As members of society negotiate power, they shape the Garden of Forking Paths that describes the space for individual decision-making.
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Arenas, Marcelo, Georg Gottlob, and Andreas Pieris. "Querying the Semantic Web via Rules." In Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ssw200044.
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The problem of querying RDF data is a central issue for the development of the Semantic Web. The query language SPARQL has become the standard language for querying RDF since its W3C standardization in 2008. However, the 2008 version of this language missed some important functionalities: reasoning capabilities to deal with RDFS and OWL vocabularies, navigational capabilities to exploit the graph structure of RDF data, and a general form of recursion much needed to express some natural queries. To overcome those limitations, a new version of SPARQL, called SPARQL 1.1, was released in 2013, which includes entailment regimes for RDFS and OWL vocabularies, and a mechanism to express navigation patterns through regular expressions. Nevertheless, there are useful navigation patterns that cannot be expressed in SPARQL 1.1, and the language lacks a general mechanism to express recursive queries. This chapter is a gentle introduction to a tractable rule-based query language, in fact, an extension of Datalog with value invention, stratified negation, and falsum, that is powerful enough to define SPARQL queries enhanced with the desired functionalities focussing on a core fragment of the OWL 2 QL profile of OWL 2.
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Choudhary, Ms Laksheeta, and Dr Rufus D. "Sexual Victimization of Women Police and Its Deleterious Impact on the Victims: A Thematic View." In Holistic Research Perspectives Vol.5, 82–101. Centivens Institute of Innovative Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/ciir/bp20002/08.
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Sexual victimization of women prevails as a common phenomenon across the globe. It is neither limited to a specific place nor a particular profession. The police department is often represented as law enforcement agency, wherein it owes the responsibility to prevent crimes and maintain peace and harmony in society. The public point of view towards this profession is like 'Police profession is powerful‟. However, in reality, the police do face many sufferings during the course in their profession. Among all problems, one issue addressed in this chapter is „sexual victimizations of women police‟. The reason being sexual victimization can destructively affect the victim's lifestyle, disturb the job efficiency and develop detachment from the workplace, which is more so in the case of women police. Hence, the present research chapter intends to understand the holistic aspects of sexual harassment of women police and its deleterious impact through thematic method of representation.
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Blazek, William. "“The Very Beginning of Things”." In Edith Wharton and Cosmopolitanism. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062815.003.0004.
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Edith Wharton benefited in her early career from the intellectual cosmopolitanism and encouraging support of the Harvard art professor Charles Eliot Norton. His emphasis on the imagination as a powerful force for social change drew from his close association with the aesthetic principles of John Ruskin and the philosophy of John Stuart Mill, and it found expression in a key art-historical publication, Historical Studies of Church Building in the Middle Ages. The moral and spiritual concepts underpinning this text, along with Norton’s writings about Italy, including Notes of Study and Travel in Italy, and his life itself, are read in this chapter alongside Wharton’s short stories and her first novel, set in late-eighteenth-century Italy, The Valley of Decision. Wharton’s fiction owes much in its focus on the artistic imagination, moral choices, and community transformation to Norton’s lessons in virtuous service, sympathy, and aesthetic sensibility.
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Koffina, I., G. Serfiotis, V. Christophides, and V. Tannen. "Mediating RDF/S Queries to Relational and XML Sources." In Database Technologies, 596–614. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-058-5.ch036.
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Semantic Web (SW) technology aims to facilitate the integration of legacy data sources spread worldwide. Despite the plethora of SW languages (e.g., RDF/S, OWL) recently proposed for supporting large-scale information interoperation, the vast majority of legacy sources still rely on relational databases (RDB) published on the Web or corporate intranets as virtual XML. In this article, we advocate a first-order logic framework for mediating high-level queries to relational and/or XML sources using community ontologies expressed in a SW language such as RDF/S. We describe the architecture and reasoning services of our SW integration middleware, termed SWIM, and we present the main design choices and techniques for supporting powerful mappings between different data models, as well as reformulation and optimization of queries expressed against mediator ontologies and views.
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Dyall, Kenneth G., and Knut Faegri. "Operators, Matrix Elements, and Wave Functions under Time-Reversal Symmetry." In Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.003.0015.
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We now take on the task of developing the theory and methods for a relativistic quantum chemistry. The aim is to arrive at a qualitative as well as a quantitative understanding of the relativistic effects in molecules. We must be able to predict the effects of relativity on the wave functions and electron densities of molecules, and on the molecular properties arising from these. And we must develop methods and algorithms that enable us to calculate the properties and interactions of molecules with an accuracy comparable to that achieved for lighter systems in a nonrelativistic framework. Parts of this development follow fairly straightforwardly from our considerations of the atomic case in part II, but molecular systems represent challenges of their own. This is particularly true for the computational techniques. From the nonrelativistic experience we know that present-day quantum chemistry owes much of its success to the enormous effort that has gone into developing efficient methods and algorithms. This effort has yielded powerful tools, such as the use of basis-set expansions of wave functions, the exploitation of molecular symmetry, the description of correlation effects by calculations beyond the mean-field approximation, and so on. In developing a relativistic quantum chemistry, we must be able to reformulate these techniques in the new framework, or replace them by more suitable and efficient methods. In nonrelativistic theory, spin symmetry provides one of the biggest reductions in computational effort, such as in the powerful and elegant Graphical Unitary Group Approach (GUGA) for configuration interaction (CI) calculations (Shavitt 1988). For relativistic applications, time-reversal symmetry takes the place of spin symmetry, and this chapter is devoted to developing a formalism for efficient incorporation of this symmetry in our theory and methods. Time-reversal symmetry includes the spin symmetry of nonrelativistic systems, but there are significant differences from spin symmetry for systems with a Hamiltonian that is spin-dependent. The development of techniques that incorporate time-reversal symmetry presented here are primarily aimed at four-component calculations, but they are equally applicable to two-component calculations in which the spin-dependent operators are included at the self-consistent field (SCF) stage of a calculation.
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Barnett, Stephen. "Quantum computation." In Quantum Information. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198527626.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
In the preceding chapter we established that a suitable set of quantum gates, complemented by quantum error correction, allows us to produce a desired multiqubit unitary transformation. This transformation is one of the three steps in a quantum computation; the others, of course, are the preparation of the qubits in their initial state and the measurement of them after the transformation has been implemented. A quantum computation is designed to solve a problem or class of problems. The power of quantum computers is that they can do this, at least for some problems, very much more efficiently and quickly than any conventional computer based on classical logic operations. If we can build a quantum computer then a number of important problems which are currently intractable will become solvable. The potential for greatly enhanced computational power is, in itself, reason enough to study quantum computers, but there is another. Moore’s law is the observation that the number of transistors on a chip doubles roughly every eighteen months. A simple corollary is that computer performance also doubles on the same timescale. Associated with this exponential improvement is a dramatic reduction in the size of individual components. If the pace is to be kept up then it is inevitable that quantum effects will become increasingly important and ultimately will limit the operation of the computer. In these circumstances it is sensible to consider the possibility of harnessing quantum effects to realize quantum information processors and computers. We start with a brief introduction to the theory of computer science, the principles of which underlie the operation of what we shall refer to as classical computers. These include all existing machines and any based on the manipulation of classical bits. The development of computer science owes much to Turing, who devised a simple but powerful model of a computing device: the Turing machine. It its most elementary form, this consists of four elements. (i) A tape for data storage, which acts as a memory. This tape has a sequence of spaces, each of which has on it one of a finite set of symbols. (ii) A processor, which controls the operations of the machine.
Conference papers on the topic "Powerful owls"
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Corciulo, Simone, Omar Zanoli, and Federico Pisanò. "Supporting the Engineering Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines Through Advanced Soil-Structure 3D Modelling." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62469.
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Monopiles are at present the most widespread foundation type for offshore wind turbines (OWTs), due to their simplicity and economic convenience. The current trend towards increasingly powerful OWTs in deeper waters is challenging the existing procedures for geotechnical design, requiring accurate assessment of transient soil-monopile interaction and, specifically, of the associated modal frequencies. In this work, advanced 3D finite element (FE) modelling is applied to the dynamic analysis of soil-monopile-OWT systems under environmental service loads. Numerical results are presented to point out the interplay of soil non-linearity and cyclic hydro-mechanical (HM) coupling, and its impact on transient response of the system at increasing load magnitude. It is shown how the lesson learned from advanced modelling may directly inspire simplified, yet effective, spring models for the engineering dynamic analysis of OWTs.
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Kang, SungKu, Lalit Patil, Arvind Rangarajan, Abha Moitra, Tao Jia, Dean Robinson, and Debasish Dutta. "Extraction of Manufacturing Rules From Unstructured Text Using a Semantic Framework." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47556.
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Formal ontology and rule-based approaches founded on semantic technologies have been proposed as powerful mechanisms to enable early manufacturability feedback. A fundamental unresolved problem in this context is that all manufacturing knowledge is encoded in unstructured text and there are no reliable methods to automatically convert it to formal ontologies and rules. It is impractical for engineers to write accurate domain rules in a structured semantic languages such as Web Ontology Language (OWL) or Semantic Application Design Language (SADL). Previous efforts in manufacturing research that have targeted extraction of OWL ontologies from text have focused on basic concept names and hierarchies. This paper presents a semantics-based framework for acquiring more complex manufacturing knowledge, primarily rules, in a semantically-usable form from unstructured English text such as those written in manufacturing handbooks. The approach starts with existing domain knowledge in the form of OWL ontologies and applies natural language processing techniques to extract dependencies between different words in the text that contains the rule. Domain-specific triples capturing each rule are then extracted from each dependency graph. Finally, new computer-interpretable rules are composed from the triples. The feasibility of the framework has been evaluated by automatically and accurately generating rules for manufacturability from a manufacturing handbook. The paper also documents the cases that result in ambiguous results. Analysis of the results shows that the proposed framework can be extended to extract domain ontologies which forms part of the ongoing work that also focuses on addressing challenges to automate different steps and improve the reliability of the system.
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Vucinic, Dean, Marina Pesut, Franjo Jovic, and Chris Lacor. "Exploring Ontology-Based Approach to Facilitate Integration of Multi-Physics and Visualization for Numerical Models." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86477.
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Today, within the engineering design process, we have interactions between different design teams, where each team has its own design objective and continuous need to present and share results with other groups. Common engineering environments are equipped with advanced modeling and simulation tools, specially designed to improve engineer’s productivity. In this paper we propose the use of ontologies, the semantic metadata descriptors, to facilitate the software development process in building such multidisciplinary engineering environments. The important development task is to perform integration of several numerical simulation components (models of data and processes) together with the interactive visualization of the engineering models in a unified 3D scene. In addition, we explore the possibilities on how the prototyped ontologies can become standard components in such software systems, where the presence of the inference engine grants and enables continuous semantic integration of the involved data and processes. The semantic integration is based on: 1) mapping discovery between two or more ontologies, 2) declarative formal representation of mappings to enable 3) reasoning with mappings and find what types of reasoning are involved; and we have explored these three dimensions. The proposed solution involves two web based software standards: Semantic Web and X3D. The developed prototype make use of the “latest” available XML-based software technologies, such X3D (eXtensible 3D) and OWL (Web Ontology Language), and demonstrates the modeling approach to integrate heterogeneous data sources, their interoperability and 3D visual representations to enhance the end-users interactions with the engineering content. We demonstrate that our ontology-based approach is appropriate for the reuse, share and exchange of software constructs, which implements differential-geometric algorithms used in multidisciplinary numerical simulations, by applying adopted ontologies that are used in the knowledge-based systems. The selected engineering test case represents a complex multi-physics problem FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction). It involves numerical simulations of a multi-component box structure used for the drop test in a still water. The numerical simulations of the drop test are performed through combined used of the FEM (Finite Element Method) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) solvers. The important aspect is the design of a common graphics X3D model, which combines the FEM data model, which is coupled with the CFD data model in order to preserve all the relationships between CFD and FEM data. Our ultimate vision is to build intelligent and powerful mechanical engineering software by developing infrastructure that may enable efficient data sharing and process integration mechanisms. We see our current work in exploring the ontology-based approach as a first step towards semantic interoperability of numerical simulations and visualization components for designing complex multi-physics solutions.