Academic literature on the topic 'Powerful groups'
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Journal articles on the topic "Powerful groups"
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Traustason, G., and J. Williams. "Powerfully nilpotent groups of maximal powerful class." Monatshefte für Mathematik 191, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 779–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00605-019-01331-4.
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Abstract In this paper we continue the study of powerfully nilpotent groups started in Traustason and Williams (J Algebra 522:80–100, 2019). These are powerful p-groups possessing a central series of a special kind. To each such group one can attach a powerful class that leads naturally to the notion of a powerful coclass and classification in terms of an ancestry tree. The focus here is on powerfully nilpotent groups of maximal powerful class but these can be seen as the analogs of groups of maximal class in the class of all finite p-groups. We show that for any given positive integer r and prime $$p>r$$p>r, there exists a powerfully nilpotent group of maximal powerful class and we analyse the structure of these groups. The construction uses the Lazard correspondence and thus we construct first a powerfully nilpotent Lie ring of maximal powerful class and then lift this to a corresponding group of maximal powerful class. We also develop the theory of powerfully nilpotent Lie rings that is analogous to the theory of powerfully nilpotent groups.
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Lubotzky, Alexander, and Avinoam Mann. "Powerful p-groups. I. Finite groups." Journal of Algebra 105, no. 2 (February 1987): 484–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8693(87)90211-0.
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Moravec, Primož, and Gunnar Traustason. "Powerful 2-Engel Groups." Communications in Algebra 36, no. 11 (November 6, 2008): 4096–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927870802174835.
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Mann, Avinoam, and Fania Posnick-Fradkin. "Subgroups of powerful groups." Israel Journal of Mathematics 138, no. 1 (March 2003): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02783416.
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Traustason, Gunnar. "Powerful 2-Engel groups II." Journal of Algebra 319, no. 8 (April 2008): 3301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2007.08.028.
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Lubotzky, Alexander, and Avinoam Mann. "Powerful p-groups. II. p-adic analytic groups." Journal of Algebra 105, no. 2 (February 1987): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8693(87)90212-2.
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Traustason, Gunnar, and James Williams. "Powerfully nilpotent groups of rank 2 or small order." Journal of Group Theory 23, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jgth-2020-0016.
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AbstractIn this paper, we continue the study of powerfully nilpotent groups. These are powerful p-groups possessing a central series of a special kind. To each such group, one can attach a powerful nilpotency class that leads naturally to the notion of a powerful coclass and classification in terms of an ancestry tree. In this paper, we will give a full classification of powerfully nilpotent groups of rank 2. The classification will then be used to arrive at a precise formula for the number of powerfully nilpotent groups of rank 2 and order {p^{n}}. We will also give a detailed analysis of the ancestry tree for these groups. The second part of the paper is then devoted to a full classification of powerfully nilpotent groups of order up to {p^{6}}.
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Browder, William, and Jonathan Pakianathan. "Cohomology of uniformly powerful $p$-groups." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 352, no. 6 (July 20, 1999): 2659–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-99-02470-8.
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Fernández-Alcober, Gustavo A. "Omega subgroups of powerful p-groups." Israel Journal of Mathematics 162, no. 1 (December 2007): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-007-0088-5.
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González-Sánchez, Jon, and Amaia Zugadi-Reizabal. "A characterization of powerful p-groups." Israel Journal of Mathematics 202, no. 1 (June 20, 2014): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-014-1072-5.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Powerful groups"
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QUADRELLI, CLAUDIO. "Cohomology of Absolute Galois Groups." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/56993.
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The main problem this thesis deals with is the characterization of profinite groups which are realizable as absolute Galois groups of fields: this is currently one of the major problems in Galois theory. Usually one reduces the problem to the pro-p case, i.e., one would like to know which pro-p groups occur as maximal pro-p Galois groups, i.e., maximal pro-p quotients of absolute Galois groups. Indeed, pro-p groups are easier to deal with than general profinite groups, yet they carry a lot of information on the whole absolute Galois group.
We define a new class of pro-p groups, called Bloch-Kato pro-p group, whose Galois cohomology satisfies the consequences of the Bloch-Kato conjecture. Also we introduce the notion of cyclotomic orientation for a pro-p group. With this approach, we are able to recover new substantial information about the structure of maximal pro-p Galois groups, and in particular on theta-abelian pro-p groups, which represent the "upper bound" of such groups.
Also, we study the restricted Lie algebra and the universal envelope induced by the Zassenhaus filtration of a maximal pro-p Galois group, and their relations with Galois cohomology via Koszul duality.
Altogether, this thesis provides a rather new approach to maximal pro-p Galois groups, besides new substantial results.
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Caouette, Julie. "The role of collective guilt in the righting of injustices perpetrated by powerful groups: Unravelling intrapsychic processes of collective guilt through indirect measures." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96787.
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Traditionally, psychologists have understood guilt as an intrapsychic process, where people experience self-focused distress when confronted with their transgressions. This distress often motivates people to use psychological defenses to assuage their guilt. Hence, it is difficult to disentangle, when people claim not to feel guilty, whether people genuinely do not feel blameworthy or whether they are protecting themselves from guilt-ridden distress. Similar to traditional guilt research, where people tend to avoid personal guilt, a recent line of research reveals that people tend to avoid collective guilt, which stems from transgressions committed by their group (Branscombe & Doosje, 2004). However, because people tend to defend themselves against guilt, the field's reliance on self-report scales to measure collective guilt is problematic. That is, when participants are directly asked "do you feel guilty?" they may be unwilling or unable to openly report their guilt feelings. Thus, I contend that it is crucial that collective guilt be studied though indirect measures. They can capture automatic responses that are not under conscious or voluntary control by participants, and therefore are less prone to distortion. In Manuscript 1, I present a series of studies where the unique predictive and explanatory power of two novel indirect measures of collective guilt was investigated (a word fragment completion task and an implicit association test). In Manuscript 2, I focus on one mechanism often claimed to underlie the avoidance of collective guilt: because ingroup transgression poses a specific psychological threat to the group's self-image, this prompts the use of defenses that allow collective guilt to be deflected. Threat is difficult to measure empirically, as participants are often not consciously aware of the threat, or they may attempt to deny it. This again points to a need for more indirect measures. I present a study where threat was assessed in the context of collective guilt by employing a psychophysiological index of cardiac control, a measure not under conscious control: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). In both manuscripts, the differential pattern of results obtained from indirect measures and self-report measures confirms the value of including both measures when studying collective guilt.En général, les psychologues conçoivent le sentiment de la culpabilité comme un processus intrapsychique où les gens ressentent de la détresse lorsqu'ils sont confrontés à leurs transgressions. Cette détresse motive souvent les gens à utiliser des défenses psychologiques pour apaiser leur sentiment de culpabilité. Par conséquent, lorsque les gens affirment ne pas se sentir coupable, il est difficile de distinguer les gens qui ne se sentent véritablement pas condamnables de ceux qui se protègent contre la détresse rattachée à un sentiment de culpabilité. De façon comparable aux travaux classiques qui ont démontré que les gens ont tendance à éviter la culpabilité personnelle, des études récentes révèlent que les gens ont aussi tendance à éviter la culpabilité collective qui découle de transgressions commises par leur propre groupe (Branscombe & Doosje, 2004). Cependant, l'utilisation unique d'échelles auto-rapportées pour mesurer la culpabilité collective est problématique puisque les gens ont tendance à se défendre contre cette culpabilité. Autrement dit, lorsqu'on demande directement aux participants "ressentez-vous de la culpabilité?" ils peuvent être réticents ou incapables de rendre compte ouvertement de leurs sentiments de culpabilité. Ainsi, je soutiens qu'il est crucial que la culpabilité collective soit étudiée à l'aide de mesures indirectes. Ces mesures peuvent capturer des réponses automatiques qui ne sont pas sous le contrôle conscient ou volontaire des participants et donc ces réponses sont moins assujetties à des distorsions. Dans le Manuscrit 1, je présente une série d'études où le pouvoir unique de prévision et d'explication de deux nouvelles mesures indirectes de la culpabilité collective a été étudié (un test de mots fragmentés et un test d'association implicite). Dans le Manuscrit 2, je me concentre sur un mécanisme souvent proposé afin d'expliquer la tendance à vouloir éviter la culpabilité collective: puisque la transgression du groupe constitue une menace psychologique spécifique à l'image du groupe, ce désir de vouloir éviter la culpabilité conduit à l'utilisation de moyens de défense qui permettent à la culpabilité collective d'être évitée. Cette menace psychologique est difficile à mesurer empiriquement, car les participants sont rarement conscients de cette menace ou encore, ils peuvent tenter de la nier. Cela met encore en évidence le besoin de mesures plus indirectes. Je présente une étude dans laquelle la menace a été évaluée dans le contexte de la culpabilité collective en utilisant un indice psychophysiologique de contrôle cardiaque, c'est-à-dire une mesure qui n'est pas sous contrôle conscient: l'arythmie sinusale respiratoire (ASR). Dans ces deux manuscrits, les différences entre les résultats obtenus à partir des mesures indirectes et ceux obtenus avec les mesures auto-rapportées confirment la nécessité d'inclure ces deux types de mesures lorsque l'on étudie la culpabilité collective.
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Wilson, Lawrence Eugene. "Powerful groups of prime power order /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3048433.
Full textBooks on the topic "Powerful groups"
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1935-, Baker Doug, ed. True north groups: A powerful path to personal and leadership development. San Francisco, Calif: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2011.
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Dukes, E. Franklin. Reaching for higher ground: Creating purpose-driven, principled & powerful groups. 2nd ed. Charleston, S.C.]: [BookSurge Pub.], 2008.
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W, Lick Dale, ed. Whole-faculty study groups: A powerful way to change schools and enhance learning. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 1998.
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Powerful voices: The musical and social world of collegiate a cappella. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012.
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Poor Richard's e-mail publishing: Creating newsletters, bulletins, discussion groups, and other powerful communications tools. Lakewood, CO: Top Floor Pub., 1999.
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Martin, Wolins, ed. Successful group care: Explorations in the powerful environment. New Brunswick, N.J: AldineTransaction, 2008.
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Successful Group Care: Explorations in the Powerful Environment. London: Taylor and Francis, 2017.
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Bruce, Williamson. Playful activities for powerful presentations. Duluth, Minn: Whole Person Associates, 1993.
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R, Daniels William. Orchestrating powerful regular meetings: A manager's complete guide. Amsterdam: Pfeiffer & Co., 1993.
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Christian, Sandy Stewart. Instant icebreakers: 50 powerful catalysts for group interaction and high-impact learning. Duluth, MN: Whole Person Associates, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Powerful groups"
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Bohn, Frank. "Powerful Groups and Corruption." In Real and Financial Economic Dynamics in Russia and Eastern Europe, 195–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55512-1_10.
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Donahue, John. "A true authoritarian type: How fonts can facilitate positive opinions for powerful groups." In The Expression of Inequality in Interaction, 193–211. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.248.08don.
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Duong, Thuy T., Tuan Q. Pham, Hai Q. Truong, Huong T. Bui, Thanh D. Tran, and Giang T. Phi. "Tourism planning in the central highlands: policies and practices." In Vietnam tourism: policies and practices, 45–62. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242782.0004.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the gaps between planning for sustainable tourism and the reality of resource allocation and their utilization for development. The study is based on the case of Ðak Lak province located in South-central Vietnam. The area is not only the most populous province in the Central Highland Region, it also has the highest ratio of ethnic diversity in the country; 49 out of 54 ethnic minority groups find their homes there. Regional richness in cultural resources has derived from ethnic group lifestyles in harmony with the environment of mountains, highlands, powerful rivers and waterfalls.
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Krase, Jerome, and Timothy Shortell. "Story-Making and Photography: The Visual Essay and Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 141–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67608-7_8.
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AbstractIt can be argued that migrants express their own agency, via spatial practices, to change the meanings of the spaces and places they occupy and use. Although they are not the most powerful agents in our glocalized world, they nevertheless sometimes consciously and more often unconsciously, compete with others to visually define their micro-worlds for themselves and, therefore, for more powerful others as well (Krase & Shortell, 2015). Of course, migrants move, but they also settle and can establish more or less permanent enclaves. As students of mid- to large-scale urban change, we focus on commercial neighborhood vernacular landscapes which we argue have the greatest visual impact on observers. As we argue here, special attention should be paid to the visible products of their settlement which are enacted in local vernacular landscapes. For example, markets, places of worship, and even the patterns of dress of people on the street can serve as powerful semiotics or “markers” of change due to migration. It must be noted at the outset that social scientist, like ordinary observers, must avoid the common tendency to essentialize these visible signs that contribute to the problem of stereotyping social groups.
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Negri, Fedra. "Correlation Is Not Causation, Yet… Matching and Weighting for Better Counterfactuals." In Texts in Quantitative Political Analysis, 71–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12982-7_4.
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AbstractAnyone who has attended a statistics class has heard the old adage “correlation does not imply causation,” usually followed by a series of hilarious graphs showing spurious correlations. Even if we strongly agree with it, this reminder has been taken a little too far: it is repeated like a mantra to criticize every observational study as being unable to detect causation behind statistical association. This chapter helps the reader go beyond the mantra, firstly, by explaining that “correlation does not imply causation” in observational studies because of selection bias (i.e. the composition of treatment and control groups follows a non-random selection) and parametric model dependence. Then, it introduces readers to weighting and matching techniques, smart statistical tools for reducing imbalance in the empirical distribution of pretreatment covariates between the treatment and control groups. Lastly, it provides an empirical illustration by focusing on two powerful algorithms: the entropy balancing (EB) and the coarsened exact matching (CEM). The chapter ends with caveats.
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Gelmi, Alberto, and Halima Akhlaqi. "Reading Eveline in Jakarta: Community Learning with Hazara Refugees." In Migration, Displacement, and Higher Education, 233–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12350-4_19.
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AbstractThis chapter outlines an intensive class that took place over approximately two weeks in the summer of 2018 at the Cisarua Refugee Learning Center (CRLC), a school in Western Indonesia that serves refugees and asylum seekers, many of whom are Hazaras. The class combined language and literacy instruction for ESL learners and also aimed to provide professional development for teachers in the form of metacognitive reflection on the course itself. This article argues that, in this unique scenario, the Humanities and Liberal Arts should take the lead as disciplines that teach interdisciplinarity and care for language, the powerful tool that regulates our interactions as individuals and as groups.
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"Powerful p-groups." In Analytic Pro-P Groups, 37–47. Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511470882.006.
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"Uniformly powerful groups." In Analytic Pro-P Groups, 61–86. Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511470882.008.
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"Powerful p-groups." In p-Automorphisms of Finite p-Groups, 130–39. Cambridge University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511526008.013.
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"Inscription Sources for Kin Groups of Grand Councilors." In Powerful Relations, 220–28. BRILL, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684170234_014.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Powerful groups"
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MANN, A. "ON p-GROUPS OF SMALL POWERFUL CLASS." In Proceedings of the Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814350051_0019.
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ACCIARRI, C., and G. A. FERNÁNDEZ-ALCOBER. "POSITIVE LAWS ON GENERATORS IN POWERFUL PRO-p GROUPS." In Proceedings of the Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814350051_0001.
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Snowdon, John F. "Neural Algorithms that Exploit Optical Hardware Characteristics." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1993.owe.6.
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Since the beginning of the respective subjects of neural nets and optical processing, groups in both disciplines have believed that the fusion of neural processing ideas with optical technology will produce the most powerful computers of the future.
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Van Bramer, S. E., and M. V. Johnston. "10.5 eV Photoionization Mass Spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.pd1.
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Laser ionization is becoming an increasingly powerful tool in mass spectroscopy. By frequency tripling the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (355 nm) in a mixture of xenon and argon, it is possible to produce coherent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation at 118 nm (10.5 eV) for laser ionization mass spectroscopy. 10.5 eV photoionization is a potentially powerful tool for soft ionization. Since 10.5 eV is close to the ionization energy of most molecules, little fragmentation should be induced. Since no resonant intermediate state is required in a one photon process the ionization efficiency should be relatively high and consistent for most compounds when compared to multiphoton ionization. The 10.5 eV mass spectra of aliphatic C8 compounds with functional groups which induce extensive fragmentation will be discussed in this presentation.
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Moussa, Heba Adel Mohamed Lotfy, Gawaher Saleh Abbas Mahgoub, Mashael Ali H. I. Al-Badr, and Huseyin Cagatay Yalcin. "Investigating the Cardiac Effects of Sildenafil loaded Nanoparticles on Heart Failure using the Zebrafish Embryo Model." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0217.
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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first cause of death worldwide. Vasolidator agents are used to relax cardiac muscle, but their extremely short half-lifes limit their effectiveness. Sildenafil is such an agent used to relax the blood vessels muscles and increase the blood flow. The conventional drug can lead to serious problems in patients duo to the systematic drug delivery. Use of Nanomedicine potentially can enhance delivery of this agent while reducing the systematic effect of the drug. Aim: The purpose of the research is to examine the effectiveness sildenafil loaded nanoparticles in rescuing heart failure using zebrafish embryo model. Methods: There will be five experimental groups. The zebrafish will be treated with Aristolochic Acid (AA) at 24 hour per fertilization (hpf) to create the heart injury group. The treatment groups will be heart injury followed by a dose of either Sildenafil or Sildenafil loaded nanoparticles at 36 hpf. Two control groups will be the negative control (exposed to egg water) and vehicle control (exposed to the Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)).To evaluate the drug effects on embryo, toxicity assessment (Survival rate, tail flicking and hatching rate), cardiotoxicity assessment and gene expression of heart injury marker via RT-PCR will be conducted. Results: Preliminary findings demonstrate, loading Sildenafil to nanoparticles enhances its effectiveness dramatically. The experiments are ongoing to confirm the results. Conclusion: Nanomedicine is a powerful approach to enhance cardiovascular therapy. Vasodilator drugs in particular will benefit from this improvement as demonstrated with our findings
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Yankova, Neli, and Valentin Panayotov. "EFFECTS OF OLYMPIC WEIGHTLIFTING TRAINING METHODS ON MOTOR ABILITIES IN." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/13.
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ABSTRACT Introduction. The Olympic weightlifting training methodology is a powerful tool for developing motor abilities and overall fitness. In addition, it is well established that these activities have a positive effect on the physical development of adolescents. It is important that the preparation is conducted under professional coaching in sports clubs to guarantee the achievement of good sports performance without injuries. Methodology. The goal of this study is to identify the changes that occur in the physical performance of 13-15-year-old cadets (boys), under the influence of specialized training with the means of Olympic weightlifting. 30 weightlifters aged 14 on average participated in the experiment. The study was conducted in September 2021. Results. Based on the results, we can conclude that overall the structured specialized Olympic weightlifting training protocol positively affects explosive strength, speed, and flexibility in 13-15-year-old cadets. However, the results show significant between-group variability when stratified by age. Discussion and conclusions. Habitual Olympic weightlifting training is not a very popular activity among children and adolescents. It is generally considered risky and not appropriate for youngsters. However, our results painted a different picture, and based on them and our practical experience, in our opinion, if the methodology is properly modified, Olympic weightlifting is a powerful tool for the development of motor abilities in trainees of different age groups.
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Yancheva, Mariya, Galina Domuschieva-Rogleva, and Michail Georgiev. "MENTAL TRAINING OF SAMBO ATHLETES THROUGH APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTAL METHODS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/58.
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ABSTRACT A number of methods for mental training have been developed and approved in sports practice - progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, visualization, mental imagery, and different forms of meditation. In order to be mastered and efficiently used, however, they should be applied continuously and repeatedly. In recent years, the efforts of mental training specialists have been aimed at developing and implementing machine instrumentation methods, which prove to have more powerful effects and accelerate the processes of mental training. The basis of these methods is biofeedback. The aim of this study is to research the impact of cognitive training through machine instrumentation methods on significant for sports performance psychological factors. We used: Thoughtstream Stand-Alone System – a personal biofeedback training system, and Procyon Light and Sound Mind Machine - Full Spectrum Audio-Visual Synthesizer. The research was done among three groups (66 sambo athletes, 49 men, 17 women) with a mean age of 19,2 years (±4.2). Different machine instrumentation methods were applied to the two experimental groups. The first group undertook 10 sessions of a mixed program of 15-minute duration with Procyon Light and Sound Mind Machine. The second group undertook 8 mental training sessions with The Thought Stream Personal Biofeedback System. The third group used autogenous training as a relaxation method. Two measurements were made to evaluate the experiment results – before and after the impact. The indexes of sensorimotor coordination, time-movement anticipation, reaction test, and risk choice behavior were measured. The measurements were made with the help of the Vienna test system. The comparative analysis (Wilcoxon) establishes significant differences between the first and second testing in the two experimental groups regarding sensorimotor coordination, time anticipation, reaction test, and risk choice behavior. The obtained results from the research show that the apparatus methods for mental training are more efficient than the traditional ones, such as the autogenic training applied in the control group.
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Chirikjian, Gregory S. "Kinematics Meets Crystallography: The Concept of a Motion Space." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34243.
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In this paper, it is shown how rigid-body kinematics can be used to assist in determining the atomic structure of proteins and nucleic acids when using x-ray crystallography, which is a powerful method for structure determination. The importance of determining molecular structures for understanding biological processes and for the design of new drugs is well known. Phasing is a necessary step in determining the three-dimensional structure of molecules from x-ray diffraction patterns. A computational approach called molecular replacement (MR) is a well-established method for phasing of x-ray diffraction patterns for crystals composed of biological macromolecules. In MR, a search is performed over positions and orientations of a known biomolecular structure within a model of the crystallographic asymmetric unit, or, equivalently, multiple symmetry-related molecules in the crystallographic unit cell. Unlike the discrete space groups known to crystallographers and the continuous rigid-body motions known to kinematicians, the set of motions over which molecular replacement searches are performed does not form a group. Rather, it is a coset space of the group of continuous rigid-body motions, SE(3), with respect to the crystallographic space group of the crystal, which is a discrete sub-group of SE(3). Properties of these ‘motion spaces’ (which are compact manifolds) are investigated here.
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Madsen, Andreas Gejl, and Jesper Glückstad. "Speckle-Free CGH Modality for Fully Parallel Circuit Optogenetics." In Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2022.w3a.7.
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The powerful neuroscientific discipline of optogenetics can be described as the branch of biotechnology which combines genetic engineering with optics to observe and control the function of genetically targeted groups of cells with light. Using advanced volumetric laser beam-shaping such as new Deep Learning-based Computer Generated Holography (CGH) makes it possible to take advantage of cutting-edge two-photon technology to develop an unprecedented ‘circuit optogenetics’ platform with both high spatio-temporal selectivity and high penetration depth without disturbing speckle-noise in living neural tissue. We will discuss our most recent CGH-encoding modalities designed for fully parallel circuit optogenetics.
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Pike, E. R. "Photon Correlation and Scattering as Inverse Problems." In Photon Correlation and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1992.wa6.
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A powerful mathematical and computational technique for the solution of a number of experimental inverse problems, described by an underlying first-kind Fredholm equation has been under development by several groups in recent years. The programme had its origins in original theoretical work by McWhirter and Pike [1] in which, for the first time, the inverse Laplace transform was solved by ‘information theory’ techniques. These techniques have been greatly generalised by the use of the theory of singular systems which provide exact ‘Fourier’ orthonormal bases for the description of experimental data and reconstructed continuous object solutions of the data processing problem.
Reports on the topic "Powerful groups"
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Ahmed, Nabil, Anna Marriott, Nafkote Dabi, Megan Lowthers, Max Lawson, and Leah Mugehera. Inequality Kills: The unparalleled action needed to combat unprecedented inequality in the wake of COVID-19. Oxfam, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8465.
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The wealth of the world’s 10 richest men has doubled since the pandemic began. The incomes of 99% of humanity are worse off because of COVID-19. Widening economic, gender, and racial inequalities—as well as the inequality that exists between countries—are tearing our world apart. This is not by chance, but choice: “economic violence” is perpetrated when structural policy choices are made for the richest and most powerful people. This causes direct harm to us all, and to the poorest people, women and girls, and racialized groups most. Inequality contributes to the death of at least one person every four seconds. But we can radically redesign our economies to be centered on equality. We can claw back extreme wealth through progressive taxation; invest in powerful, proven inequality-busting public measures; and boldly shift power in the economy and society. If we are courageous, and listen to the movements demanding change, we can create an economy in which nobody lives in poverty, nor with unimaginable billionaire wealth—in which inequality no longer kills.
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Benjaminsen, Tor A., Hanne Svarstad, and Iselin Shaw of Tordarroch. Recognising Recognition in Climate Justice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/1968-2021.127.
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We argue that in order to achieve climate justice, recognition needs to be given more attention in climate research, discourse, and policies. Through the analysis of three examples, we identify formal and discursive recognition as central types of recognition in climate issues, and we show how powerful actors exercise their power in ways that cause climate injustice through formal and discursive misrecognition of poor and vulnerable groups. The three examples discussed are climate mitigation through forest conservation (REDD), the Great Green Wall project in Sahel, and the narrative about climate change as a contributing factor to the Syrian war.
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Kelly, Luke. Evidence on the Role of Civil Society in Security and Justice Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.031.
Full textAbstract:
This rapid review focuses on the role of civil society in SSR in several contexts. It finds that donor driven SSR is seen to have failed to include civil society, and that such efforts have been focused on training and equipping security forces. However, in some contexts, donors have been able to successfully develop civil society capacity or engage civil society groups in reforms, as in Sierra Leone. There are also several examples of security and justice reforms undertaken by local popular movements as part of regime change, namely Ethiopia and South Africa. In other contexts, such as Indonesia, the role of civil society has led to partial successes from which lessons can be drawn. The theoretical and empirical literature attributes several potential roles to civil society in SSR. These include making security and justice institutions accountable, mobilising a range of social groups for reform, publicising abuses and advocating for reform, offering technical expertise, and improving security-citizen relations. The literature also points to the inherent difficulties in implementing SSR, namely the entrenched nature of most security systems. The literature emphasises that security sector reform is a political process, as authoritarian or predatory security systems are usually backed by powerful, skilled and tenacious vested interests. Dislodging them from power therefore requires significant political will – civil society can be one part of this. The evidence base for the topic is relatively thin. While there is much literature on the theory of SSR from a donor perspective, there are fewer empirical studies. Moreover, scholars have identified relatively few successful examples of SSR. The role of civil society is found to be greater in more economically developed countries, meaning there is less discussion of the role of civil society in many African SSR contexts, for example (except to note its absence). In addition, most research discusses the role of civil society alongside that of other actors such as donors, security services or political elites, limiting analysis of the specific role of civil society.
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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2022/pe04.
Full textAbstract:
This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/122.
Full textAbstract:
This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Mawassi, Munir, and Valerian Dolja. Role of RNA Silencing Suppression in the Pathogenicity and Host Specificity of the Grapevine Virus A. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592114.bard.
Full textAbstract:
RNA silencing is a defense mechanism that functions against virus infection and involves sequence-specific degradation of viral RNA. Diverse RNA and DNA viruses of plants encode RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs), which, in addition to their role in viral counterdefense, were implicated in the efficient accumulation of viral RNAs, virus transport, pathogenesis, and determination of the virus host range. Despite rapidly growing understanding of the mechanisms of RNA silencing suppression, systematic analysis of the roles played by diverse RSSs in virus biology and pathology is yet to be completed. Our research was aimed at conducting such analysis for two grapevine viruses, Grapevine virus A (GVA) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV- 2). Our major achievements on the previous cycle of BARD funding are as follows. 1. GVA and GLRaV-2 were engineered into efficient gene expression and silencing vectors for grapevine. The efficient techniques for grapevine infection resulting in systemic expression or silencing of the recombinant genes were developed. Therefore, GVA and GLRaV-2 were rendered into powerful tools of grapevine virology and functional genomics. 2. The GVA and GLRaV-2 RSSs, p10 and p24, respectively, were identified, and their roles in viral pathogenesis were determined. In particular, we found that p10 functions in suppression and pathogenesis are genetically separable. 3. We revealed that p10 is a self-interactive protein that is targeted to the nucleus. In contrast, p24 mechanism involves binding small interfering RNAs in the cytoplasm. We have also demonstrated that p10 is relatively weak, whereas p24 is extremely strong enhancer of the viral agroinfection. 4. We found that, in addition to the dedicated RSSs, GVA and GLRaV-2 counterdefenses involve ORF1 product and leader proteases, respectively. 5. We have teamed up with Dr. Koonin and Dr. Falnes groups to study the evolution and function of the AlkB domain presents in GVA and many other plant viruses. It was demonstrated that viral AlkBs are RNA-specific demethylases thus providing critical support for the biological relevance of the novel process of AlkB-mediated RNA repair.
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Iatsyshyn, Anna V., Iryna H. Hubeladze, Valeriia O. Kovach, Valentyna V. Kovalenko, Volodymyr O. Artemchuk, Maryna S. Dvornyk, Oleksandr O. Popov, Andrii V. Iatsyshyn, and Arnold E. Kiv. Applying digital technologies for work management of young scientists' councils. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4434.
Full textAbstract:
The publication explores the features of the digital technologies’ usage to organize the work of the Young Scientists’ Councils and describes the best practices. The digital transformation of society and the quarantine restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have forced the use of various digital technologies for scientific communication, the organization of work for youth associations, and the training of students and Ph.D. students. An important role in increasing the prestige of scientific activity and encouraging talented young people to participate in scientific projects belongs to the Young Scientists’ Councils, which are created at scientific institutions and higher education institutions. It is determined that the peculiarities of the work of Young Scientists’ Councils are in providing conditions for further staff development of the institution in which they operate; contribution to the social, psychological and material support of young scientists and Ph.D. students; creating an environment for teamwork and collaborative partnership; development of leadership and organizational qualities; contribution to the development of digital competence. The advantages of using electronic social networks in higher education and research institutions are analyzed, namely: general popularity and free of charge; prompt exchange of messages and multimedia data; user-friendly interface; availability of event planning functions, sending invitations, setting reminders; support of synchronous and asynchronous communication between network participants; possibility of access from various devices; a powerful tool for organizing the learning process; possibility of organization and work of closed and open groups; advertising of various events, etc. Peculiarities of managing the activity of the Young Scientists’ Council with the use of digital technologies are determined. The Young Scientists’ Council is a social system, and therefore the management of this system refers to social management. The effectiveness of the digital technologies’ usage to manage the activities of the Young Scientists’ Council depends on the intensity and need for their use to implement organizational, presentation functions and to ensure constant communication. The areas to apply digital technologies for the work managing of Young Scientists’ Councils are sorted as the presentation of activity; distribution of various information for young scientists; conducting questionnaires, surveys; organization and holding of scientific mass events; managing of thematic workgroups, holding of work meetings. It is generalized and described the experience of electronic social networks usage for organizing and conducting of scientific mass events.
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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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Dudley, J. P., and S. V. Samsonov. Système de traitement automatisé du gouvernement canadien pour la détection des variations et l'analyse des déformations du sol à partir des données de radar à synthèse d'ouverture de RADARSAT-2 et de la mission de la Constellation RADARSAT : description et guide de l'utilisateur. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329134.
Full textAbstract:
Remote sensing using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers powerful methods for monitoring ground deformation from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Advanced analysis techniques such as Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR), change detection, and Speckle Offset Tracking (SPO) provide sensitive measures of ground movement. With both the RADARSAT-2 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) SAR satellites, Canada has access to a significant catalogue of SAR data. To make use of this data, the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO) has developed an automated system for generating standard and advanced deformation products from SAR data using both DInSAR and SPO methods. This document provides a user guide for this automated processing system.
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Pearce, Fred. Common Ground: Securing land rights and safeguarding the earth. Rights and Resources Initiative, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/homt4176.
Full textAbstract:
Up to 2.5 billion people depend on indigenous and community lands, which make up over 50 percent of the land on the planet; they legally own just one-fifth. The remaining land remains unprotected and vulnerable to land grabs from more powerful entities like governments and corporations. There is growing evidence of the vital role played by full legal ownership of land by indigenous peoples and local communities in preserving cultural diversity and in combating poverty and hunger, political instability and climate change. The importance of protecting and expanding indigenous and community ownership of land has been a key element in the negotiations of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on climate change, and is central to their successful implementation. This report launches a Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights, backed by more than 300 organizations all over the world. It is a manifesto of solidarity with the ongoing struggles of indigenous peoples and local communities seeking to secure their land rights once and for all.