Dissertations / Theses: 'Power Trains'

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Anun, Matias. "Electric vehicle power trains : high-performance control for constant power load stabilization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50093.

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The development of sustainable transport systems has experienced great improvements in the last 15 years. As a result, electric vehicles, namely hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), are slowly starting to coexist with regular internal combustion vehicles around the world. The complex powering structure of automotive electric systems can be described as a distributed multiconverter architecture. In pursuit of performance, constant-power behavior of tightly regulated downstream converters has raised as an important challenge in terms of system stability and controllability. The first part of this work presents the theory and experimental validation of the unstable behavior introduced by constant-power loads (CPLs) in power converters, more precisely in a Buck+Boost cascade converter as the battery charge/discharge unit. The second part of this work presents the derivation of the Circular Switching Surfaces (CSS) and the implementation of the CSS-based control technique for CPL stabilization. The analysis shows that the constant-power load trajectories and the proposed CSS present a wide, stable operating area and near-optimal transient response. Furthermore, impedance analysis of the converter in close-loop control shows advantageous reduced output source impedance. This extremely high dynamic capability prevents the use of bulky DC capacitors for bus stabilization, and allows the implementation of metal-film capacitors, which have reliability advantages over commonly employed electrolytic capacitors, as well as reduced ESR to improve system efficiency. Beyond the improved stabilization properties of the proposed CCS-based controller, a comparison with traditional compensated linear controller and nonlinear SMC highlights significant improvements in terms of dynamic response for sudden CPL changes. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the work. The last part of this thesis work presents the design, construction, and testing of a high-power 3-phase converter. This platform is intended for electric motor driving and is able to manage 20kW of power flow and above, making it suitable for high power traction system development. The platform features an Intelligent Power Module (IPM) to provide with flexibility allowing for changing the power module according to the requirements of the development. Testing of the platform was done in a 0.5HP AC induction motor drive controlled with Voltz-per-Hertz control technique. The integration of the BCDU and the high-power 3-phase motor drive platform conform a high-power bidirectional motor drive platform for the development and testing of control techniques for energy management in EV.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Diego-Ayala, Ulises. "An investigation into hybrid power trains for vehicles with regenerative braking." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7407.

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Janakiraman, Venkatakrishna. "Modelling of Steady-State and Transient Power Losses in Planetary Gear Trains." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492510708602145.

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Naylor, Stephen Mark. "On the development of power drive trains for hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2439.

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The world faces a major problem. Fossil fuel sources are finite and the economic and environmental cost of those that actually remain make finding an alternative one of the great technological challenges of our age. Nearly 70% of refined oil is used for transportation making it one of the key sectors where change could yield large-scale global benefits. Combustion engine passenger vehicle technology is after a long period of stagnation progressing at a pace. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are also starting to penetrate the mass market. Unfortunately, HEVs do not remove our dependency on oil and the prospects of battery technology advancing sufficiently to allow BEVs to progressively replace the entire oil fuelled vehicles are currently slim. Their limited range and long recharge times prohibit them being useful for most modes of driving. One solution to the problem may be hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (H2FCEVs) as they offer great promise, but realistically face many challenges. The fuel cell allowed man to voyage to the moon in the 1960s and recent material advances have enabled them to be packaged into motor vehicles, so providing a zero emission replacement for the internal combustion engine. However, substantial infrastructure and geopolitical changes are required to make hydrogen production and delivery economic but this gas potentially offers a clean and sustainable energy pathway to entirely replace fossil fuels in motor vehicles. Few reported studies have comprehensively examined the optimal method of building power drive train subsystems and integrating them into an architecture that delivers energy from a fuel cell into driven road wheels. This project investigated the optimisation on the most efficient drive train topology using critical analysis and computer modeling to determine a practical system. No single drivetrain was found suitable for all driving modes and worldwide markets as the current ones typically offered either optimal performance or optimal efficiency. Consequently, a new drivetrain topology was proposed, developed, tested with a simulation environment that yielded efficiency and performance gains over existing systems. Also analysed was the effect of wider vehicle design optimisation to the development of sustainable hydrogen powered passenger vehicles and this was set against the wider social, scientific and engineering challenges that fuel cell adoption will face.

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Zafeiropoluos, Andreas. "An MMC-based topology with Dual-Active-Bridge power channels for load balancing in 50 Hz-railway applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-201656.

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The purpose of this thesis report is to investigate challenges related to railway electrification. Inac-railway systems, trains are most often single-phase loads, which can create significantunbalances in the grid, when fed directly from two adjacent phases. To enhance power quality atthe railway feeding point, one alternative is to design the system such as the power is fed to thecatenary through Static Frequency Converters (SFCs), which can be a costly solution. Anotheroption is to use Static Compensators (STATCOMs) in shunt connections, handling only theunbalanced amount of power, in order to symmetrize the railway load as seen from the grid side.Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are the state of the art solutions for medium- and highvoltage/power converter applications, such as load balancing and reactive-power compensation.This project will focus on analyzing Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topologies to be usedas load balancers in railway systems. However, the specific requirements of this application reveala potential weakness of MMCs. That is the asymmetrical character of the load may require muchhigher device rating in an MMC compared to a conventional converter, due to the symmetrizingcomponents to rebalance the capacitor voltages in the submodules.This project analyzes a reduced MMC-based topology with only two branches in order to meet therailway load-balancing characteristics. This chain-link compensator uses dc-dc converters tofacilitate power channels in order to restore the power imbalance, without overrating thesemiconductors in the main current path.
Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera de svårigheter som elektrifierade järnvägar står inför.När systemet utgörs av växelström kan tågen ses som en enfas last, vilket kan skapa avsevärdaobalanser i nätet då det matas från två intilliggande faser. En alternativ systemdesign för att uppnåen god effekt leverans uppnås då effekten är matad till kontaktledningen genom statiska frekvensomräknare (SFCs), detta kan dock vara en kostsam lösning. Ett annat alternativ är att användastatisk shunt kompensation (STATCOMs) som selektivt kan hantera den obalanserade effekten föratt uppnå symmetri och balans i järnvägslasten, sett från nätets sida.Modulära multiomriktare (MMCs) är en ledande teknik för omriktare till applikationer på mellanochhögspännings nivå, till exempel för lastbalans och reaktiv kompensering. Detta projektanalyserar modulära multiomriktare för lastbalansering i järnvägssystem. Kraven för dennaapplikation leder till en potentiell svaghet i MMCs där den asymmetriska karaktären på lastenkräver högre märkeffekt jämfört med konventionella omriktare. Detta på grund av de komponentersom återskapar symmetri och balans i kondensator spänningarna i submodulerna.Här analyseras en reducerad variant av MMC-baserad topologi med enbart två grenar för att mötakraven på järnvägens lastbalans. Denna kedjelänk-kompensator använder dc-dc omriktare för attstyra effektflödet till lasten vid obalanserad effekt, utan att för den skull överdimensionerahalvledarna i den ordinarie strömvägen.

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Lium, Frode. "30 kW Power Boost System for Drive Trains for Electric Vehicles Based on Supercapacitor Technologies." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9554.

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The goal of the master thesis is to design, dimension and construct a power boost system for the drive trains in electric vehicles, utilizing supercapacitor technology. In order to build the system a supercapacitor bank and a converter has been constructed. The system has been designed to be used in the new Think electric vehicle, and each part of the converter has been dimensioned according to information provided by Think Technology. The master thesis is limited to the design and construction of the power boost system, and the implementation, interfacing and control of power sharing have not been dealt with. The supercapacitor bank and the converter are built based on analytical computations and simulations. The supercapacitor bank can store up to 100 Wh and is built from 90 series connected cells rated 1500 F each. The bidirectional DC DC converter is based on a standard intelligent power module with three legs in a bridge configuration and three inductors. An interleaved switching sequence is selected for the operation of the legs and each IGBT is capable of switching 150 A at 600 V. The thermal management of this module is solved with the use of a heat sink with fans for forced air flow. The inductors are made from amorphous alloys and copper foil, achieving an inductance of 0.25 mH and a maximum current rating of 100 A. Voltage smoothing capacitors and measuring devices have also been implemented in the converter design. The results presented are held to be accurate, all though measurements gathered are affected to a certain degree by noise in the system. Based on tests of the various components, it is concluded that the power boost system is an up to date system and has achieved the design goals of delivering 30 kW for 12 seconds. Some tests are yet to be completed in order to make sure that the system works in continuous operation. Further work based on this master thesis should include more extensive testing on the system, and perform an optimization of the supercapacitor bank and the inductors. The intelligence for optimized load sharing must be created, and a communication interface with the power control unit in the Think electric vehicle must be made.

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Bastin, Matthew. "An investigation into the effects of hybrid electric vehicle power-trains on ride and handling." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67141/.

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Hybrid electric vehicles are becoming increasingly common within the automotive market. Whilst there have been a large number of studies investigating hybrid electric vehicle drive-train control, for efficiency and active safety purposes, there is little work reflecting the effects of such technologies on pure vehicle dynamics. This thesis investigates the effects of hybrid drive-trains on vehicle ride and handling. A specific case study based on the hybridisation of a conventionally powered vehicle into a series hybrid electric vehicle is utilised as a means of doing so. In order to investigate the effects of the hybrid drive-train components on the vehicle’s ride and handling responses, detailed multibody models of both the Standard Vehicle (SV) and the hybrid General Technology Vehicle (GTV) were produced. As work was conducted in parallel with the Low Carbon Vehicle Technology Project (LCVTP), these models were created in a modular and physical fashion, as to allow for their easy parameterisation and adaption into other hybrid vehicle architectures. Prior to detailed investigation the standard vehicle model was successfully validated against real world test data collected as part of this work. Model responses for both the standard and hybrid vehicle models were investigated and analysed in the ride and handling domain. Ride analysis focused on statistical investigation of contact patch load and occupant comfort levels inside the vehicle. It was shown that there was a higher comfort region within both vehicles around the Cog and spring centre, as these two vehicle parameters moved with changes that were made to the GTV, the occupants within were subjected to different comfort levels. As the weight shifted rearwards in the GTV, occupants seated at the front were subjected to higher levels of discomfort, however those in the rear actually saw a slight increase in comfort levels. Levels of vertical acceleration within the GTV were found to generally be slightly larger, resulting from increased pitch and bounce motions due to an increase in coupling between these modes. Furthermore levels of low speed damping on the GTV were shown to be incorrect for its new mass parameters, which led to a further deterioration in ride quality. The handling analysis took on a novel form of investigating trends in specific handling metrics over the entire vehicle operating range. Said trends were then investigated further through more detailed model outputs. The GTV was shown to have a lower understeer gradient than the SV, due to the rearward shift in mass distribution and stiffer rear suspension. Transient handling responses were shown to be quite speed and manoeuvre specific, but all differences between the two vehicles could be explained by the differences in their dynamic indices and understeer gradients. Lateral acceleration response times were governed by the dynamic index and were always slower for the GTV, the magnitude of these responses were speed dependant, below the GTV’s tangent speed they were smaller than the SV’s, however above this speed they were larger. Yaw rate responses were more mixed, but were also seen to be governed by the dynamics index, at lower speeds or during simple unidirectional manoeuvres the GTV could obtain large faster yaw rates than the SV, during a transient to transient manoeuvre the GTV’s yaw rate responses were generally smaller, this was seen to be due to the way in which a higher dynamic index effects rear tyre slip angle generation having a larger effect at low speeds but a smaller effect when large slip angles are already present at the rear tyres. The results obtained have given a clear picture of how the inclusion of hybrid drive-trains can affect vehicle ride and handling. Something that was re-enforced by the results being generalised and applied to a few types of hybrid vehicle architecture in order to make recommendations on layout/packaging of these vehicles and highlight areas of importance for future hybrid vehicle design in terms of ride and handling.

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Smith, Michael Henry. "Vehicle powertrain modeling and ratio optimization for a continuously variable transmission." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17801.

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Nortemann, Alexander. "Development of a mechatronic transmission control system for the drivetrain of the K71 project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014.

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The tractive force has to be interrupted during a gear-shifting operation in a manual vehicle transmission, leading into a decrease of speed while changing gears during the acceleration process. Therefore in a racing application, the shifting time has to be as short as possible so that the required performance of a racing car can be achieved. The following dissertation describes the development of a transmission control system to enable gear changes within a manual gearbox, which was designed for the Formula Student racing series. Various solutions were developed on the basis of reviewed literature, technical data of components and experiences of Formula Student teams. Following this, a comparison of the concepts by means of a utility analysis identified the pneumatic actuation of selector forks to be the most suitable concept. This was mainly due to the expected shifting time, the weight, and its advantageous energy supply requirement. After the selection of the actuators and the position sensors, the system was implemented into the drivetrain to check the tment and the technical feasibility. To draw conclusions regarding the shifting time and to prove the functionality of the system, an open test bench was constructed. Additionally, the hardware and software had to be developed to enable the test run. After the manufacturing and assembling of the test bench, the optimal settings for the test run were determined. By comparing the achieved shifting time of alternative solutions, an improvement in the driving performance of a Formula Student race car is probable.

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Pfeiffer, Jakob [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Diepold, Klaus [Gutachter] Diepold, and Dirk [Gutachter] Wollherr. "Self-Learning Enhancement of the Measurement Quality for Electric Power Trains / Jakob Pfeiffer ; Gutachter: Klaus Diepold, Dirk Wollherr ; Betreuer: Klaus Diepold." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237413303/34.

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Rose, Garrett. "Electrical subsystem for Shell eco-marathon urban concept battery powered vehicle." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2814.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
The purpose of this paper was to design and develop an electrical power train for an Urban Concept electric vehicle geared to complete the Shell Eco-Marathon Africa in 2019. Various technologies which make up the electrical drive train of an electrical vehicle were also reviewed which include the battery pack, the battery management system, the motors, the motor management system and the human interface. Upon completion of this, the various topologies best suited for this project were selected, designed, constructed and developed. Two motors were re-designed and constructed for this vehicle and the motor drive was also constructed to control these motors. A Lithium-Ion battery pack was constructed and developed to drive the motors and an off-the-shelf battery management system was purchased and developed to suit the requirements for the Shell Eco- Marathon competition rules. A human interface was also developed in order for the driver to see various parameters of the electric vehicle defined by the Shell Eco-Marathon competition rules. After each component of the drive train was constructed, they underwent various testing procedures to determine the efficiency of each individual component and the overall efficiency for the complete drive train of this electric vehicle was ascertained. The Product Lifecycle Management Competency Centre group developed the chassis for this vehicle. For this reason, only the electric subsystems were evaluated and a simulation was completed of the complete drive train. After the complete drive train was constructed and all the individual subsystems evaluated and simulated, a vehicle with an overall efficiency of about sixty percent was expected and the completed drive train should be adequate enough to complete the entire Shell Eco-Marathon Africa circuit.

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Northcote, Nicholas M. "The modelling and control of an automotive drivetrain." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1785.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Shunt and shuffle in a vehicle drivetrain are two driveability related phenomena responsible for driver discomfort. They are experienced as a sharp jerk (shunt) followed by a series of longitudinal oscillations (shuffle) and are induced by a rapid change in engine torque. The use of drive‐by‐wire throttles in modern day vehicles enables the onboard electronic control unit to manipulate the driver’s torque demand befoe sending a revised torque demand signal to the engine. In this way a feedback control system can be used to ensure that the drivetrain follows the driver’s torque demand as quickly s possible without inducing shunt or shuffle. In this project a drivetrain model was derived and its parameters experimentally determined. The accuracy of the model was validated using test data from a vehicle, and the conclusion was made that the model was an accurate vehicle simulation tool. A drivetrain controller was then designed and its performance simulated using the vehicle model. The simulations showed that the controller significantly reduced the shunt and shuffle in the drivetrain thereby improving drier comfort.

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Burchell, Joseph William. "Advancement of direct drive generator systems for offshore renewable energy production." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33263.

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As machine topologies and technologies mature, the fundamental function of the device is honed. Direct drive machines have the potential to launch the renewable energy sector into a new era of large scale, reliable, offshore power generation. With advancements in new technologies, such as superconductivity, the reduction of generator mass due to incorporation of machine and device structures, the continued advancements in component and system reliability; direct drive generators have the ability to outsize geared wind systems and simplify submerged linear and rotary power generation. The research held within this thesis will focus on improving direct drive power take off systems for offshore renewable energy power generation by splitting the area into four parts. The first part will discuss the various methods of energy extraction within the offshore and marine environment. The future of the sector will be discussed, and a forecast of technological advancement and existing reliability issues will be provided based on current data. The second part will focus on drive trains and direct drive generators, assessing the current topologies and suggesting alternatives that may thrive in a variety of large and small offshore renewable machines. The third part investigates the application of novel linear bearings in direct drive systems for offshore and submerged operation. A brief study of the loads found in wave applications will be presented and the testing of several polymer bearing materials will be outlined. The final part will discuss the potential benefits of flooding the airgap of a direct drive generator with sea water for marine applications. Results will be presented from two linear test rigs and the marinisation of devices will conclude the report.

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Hairston, Patrece Gabrielle. "The Power to Promote Justice Program: A Train-the-Trainer Model for the Development of Culturally Competent Teaching Practices Among Secondary Educators." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1309535768.

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Brandberg, Magnus, and Niclas Broman. "Future trading with regulating power." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162825.

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Regulating power is needed to compensate for unplanned deviations from production and consumption plans. The transmission system operator (TSO) in each country is responsible for keeping the electric system balanced, and activates regulation if needed to keep the frequency in the network stable. The need for regulations is assumed to grow if wind power is implemented in the power system, as it is difficult to forecast wind power production and make accurate production plans. This report investigates how trade with regulating power is affected by a large-scale installation of wind power in the Swedish electricity power system. The report explains how energy and regulating power is traded today in the Nordic interconnected power system. By using data on wind power prognosis errors from the West Danish power system, the report predicts the need for regulating power in the Swedish system with 4000 MW of wind power installed. A model is used to foresee pricing on regulating power in Sweden based on the need for regulating power along with other aspects. The results show that the regulating power market energy turnover increases along with the monetary turnover following the installation of a large amount of wind power. Bottlenecks have a large impact on the energy system and trade today and increase the need for regulations.

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Bryan, Frank Joseph. "Power-train design for small fuel cell vehicles." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/powertrain-design-for-small-fuel-cell-vehicles(11d5884d-2a09-4f11-b1e4-53240abcc74c).html.

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A comparison of two vehicle power-train topologies is performed for a small fuel cell andsupercapacitor powered delivery vehicle to determine the power-train weight and costtrade-off. The topologies use either a single DC-DC converter to interface the fuel cell,with the supercapacitors directly connected to the traction drive, or two convertersseparating both the fuel cell and supercapacitor from the traction drive. Energymanagement strategies are implemented to increase system efficiency at the expense ofincreased supercapacitor storage. The two converter system results in a lower cost and mass design due to a higherutilisation of the supercapacitor buffer. The energy management strategy can increaseefficiency, however, in this study the duty of the vehicle and the cost of hydrogen are lowresulting in a fuel saving that is outweighed by the additional hardware outlay. To interface supercapacitors and fuel cells with traction drives, efficient and compact DCDCconverters are required, therefore a dual-interleaved boost converter with interphasetransformer is designed and a volumetric and mass dense prototype is produced. Theconverter uses an inductor and interphase transformer which are potted in heat sinksbolted to a water cooled cold plate. Thermal finite element analysis and a MATLAB designprogram are used to determine the smallest thermally suitable inductor and interphasetransformer designs. The resulting prototype is superior in mass and volumetric powerdensity to commercial products, achieving 4.3 kW/kg and 7.2 kW/l including casing, usingoff-the-shelf components, and designed with a low part count. The anticipated nextgeneration converter will increase these power densities to 5.2 kW/kg and 9.2 kW/lthrough a modified layout and refined magnetic design.

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McFarlane, Kate. "Corporeal tracings visuality, power and culture /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/45968.

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"2004".
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Department of Critical and Cultural Studies, 2005.
Bibliography: p. 315-327.
Introduction -- Aporias and openings in the architecture of the mind's eye: deconstructing pure visuality in Descartes -- Visuality, universal flesh and phenomenal circularity: visio-corporeal generality with Merleau-Ponty -- Corporeal envisionings as power-knowledge: Foucault and diffuse visio-governmentality -- The grammatology of visuality: visio-corporealising Derrida's "science" of the trace -- Conclusion.
The conception of visuality within what Jacques Derrida understands as the 'metaphysical epoch' demands revision in order to produce a fully post-metaphysical theory of visuality. Drawing upon the corporeal phenomenology of perception in Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the politico-cultural conception of visuality in Michel Foucault and the trace philosophy of vision in Jacques Derrida, visualities are theorised here as dynamic 'corporeal tracings' immanently bearing politico-cultural forces. Elements of these three major thinkers are here brought into generative dialogue and welding which, for instance, relocates the corporealism of Merleau-Ponty in terms of the trace dynamics conceived by Derrida and which in turn insists upon the visio-corporeality of general writing that Derrida largely elides. A rereading of Rene Descartes on vision is advanced in the light of this theory that deploys Derrida's deconstructive method to detect the aporias and self-deconstructions within a characteristic metaphysical discourse of pure visuality that overtly elides both corporeality and the trace (understood in the theory of corporeal tracings as inseparable). -- Merleau-Ponty is critiqued from a post-dualist position on the role of the mind and the body in the experience of visuality, Foucault's ideas on bodies, visualities and diffuse powers are developed through the notion of'visio-govemmentality' and Derrida's conceptions of grammatology and the trace are redefined in terms of an emphasis on visiocorporeality. New terms and concepts emerge from these engagements that extend and elaborate visuality theory in terms of fully post-metaphysical domains of understanding. There is a commitment throughout to three theoretical positions: corporealism, culturalism and holism or what is termed here 'total contextualism'. These positions enable the fully post-metaphysical theorisation of visualities as dynamic and complex corporeal tracings encompassing both human bodies and total visio-corporeal contexts.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
327 p

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Cheng, Wing Mao John 1960. "Random bilateral trading in power systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36798.

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The power industry is undergoing a revolutionary change due to deregulation and associated restructuring. Deregulation is the legislation that governs open access to the transmission grid by competing producing and consuming entities. In this newly-created market structure, bilateral power transactions are emerging as a major trading mechanism. As such, bilateral contracts have become important decision variables in all aspects of power system operation and planning. Consequently, a critical question is how to evaluate the success of any given transaction, especially in the presence of other random simultaneous trades. A successful transaction is understood to be one under which a power system is secure and the proposed trade will be approved as is. This is a necessary condition for the transaction to be economically viable.
The originality of this thesis lies in the integration of random bilateral trading with the physical transmission network. A methodology is developed to estimate the probability of success of any given transaction in the presence of simultaneous random trades with the security requirements of the power system as a given. This measure of success is termed POST (Probability of Secure Transaction). Different forms of POST are defined from the perspectives of the system, the trading partners, or the partners and amount transacted. These and other similar measures form a group of transaction-based security indices.
A Monte Carlo simulation approach is developed as a practical means to estimate the transaction-based security indices. Extensive testing and simulations show that this methodology is effective in transaction risk management, and in network adequacy assessment in the context of random trading. Furthermore, the methodology is used to determine the viability of proposed system reinforcements, especially major power system interconnections involving substantial investments in equipment and resources.

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Логвінова, Наталія Олександрівна, Наталья Александровна Логвинова, and Natalia A. Logvinova. "Підвищення ефективності організації руху поїздів на залізничних напрямках з паралельними ходами." Thesis, Державний ВНЗ «Національний гірничий університет», 2013. http://eadnurt.diit.edu.ua:82/jspui/handle/123456789/1732.

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Логвінова, Н. О. Підвищення ефективності організації руху поїздів на залізничних напрямках з паралельними ходами: авт. дис. к. т. н.: 05.22.01 / Н. О. Логвінова ; наук. кер. Р. В. Вернигора ; Дніпропетр. нац. ун-т залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна. - Д. : Нац. гiрничий ун-т, 2013. - 22 с. : рис. ГРНТИ 73.29.61 УДК 656.222(043.3) Захист 17.10.2013.
UK: АНОТАЦІЯ Дисертація присвячена питанням підвищення ефективності організації руху вантажних поїздів на залізничних напрямках з метою визначення раціональних розмірів руху поїздів по паралельним ходам в умовах швидкісного руху пасажирських поїздів та оптового ринку електроенергії. В дисертації вперше сформульовано і вирішено оптимізаційну задачу щодо організації поїздопотоку на залізничних напрямках з паралельними ходами в умовах диференційованих тарифів на електроенергію, що дозволяє скоротити витрати залізниці на просування вантажних поїздів. Удосконалено оцінку залежності витрат на просування вантажних поїздів при розподілі руху між паралельним ходам в період денного руху прискорених пасажирських поїздів на основі вирішення оптимізаційної задачі методами лінійного програмування. Удосконалено економіко-математичну модель залізничного напрямку з паралельними ходами, використання якої дозволяє визначити найбільш раціональний розподіл поїздопотоку між ділянках напрямків. Удосконалено методику розрахунку пропускної спроможності залізничних ділянок, яка на відміну від існуючих дозволяє враховувати наявність швидкісного руху пасажирських поїздів в денний час доби. Наукові положення, висновки та рекомендації, отримані в дисертаційній роботі, а також розроблені процедури і методи можуть бути використані при створенні автоматизованих систем підтримки прийняття рішень для оперативного розподілення поїздопотоку по паралельним ходам в умовах швидкісного руху пасажирських поїздів та диференційованих тарифів на електроенергію, при розробці АРМ диспетчерського персоналу оперативно-розпорядчих відділів дирекцій та залізниць.
RU: АННОТАЦИЯ Диссертация посвящена вопросам повышения эффективности организации движения грузовых поездов на железнодорожных направлениях с целью определения рациональных размеров движения поездов по параллельным ходам в условиях ускоренного движения пассажирских поездов в дневной период времени и переходе к оптовому рынку электроэнергии. В диссертации впервые сформулирована и решена оптимизационная задача относительно организации поездопотоков на железнодорожных направлениях с параллельными ходами в условиях дифференцированных тарифов на электроэнергию, что позволяет сократить расходы железной дороги на продвижение грузовых поездов. Усовершенствована оценка зависимости расходов на продвижение грузовых поездов при распределении движения между параллельным ходам в период дневного движения ускоренных пассажирских поездов на основе решения транспортной задачи методами линейного программирования. Усовершенствованно экономико-математическую модель железнодорожного направления с параллельными ходами, использование которой позволяет определить наиболее рациональное распределение поездопотоков по участкам направлений. Усовершенствована методика расчета пропускной способности железнодорожных направлений, которая в отличие от существующих, позволяет учитывать наличие ускоренного движения пассажирских поездов в дневное время суток. Объектом исследования является процесс пропуска грузового поездопотока на железнодорожных направлениях с параллельными ходами. Предметом исследования выступают количественные параметры системы пропуска грузового поездопотока между параллельными направлениями. Рациональное распределение поездопотоков на железнодорожной инфраструктуре с параллельными ходами в настоящее время осуществляется экспертным путем на основе данных о ранее выполненных объемах перевозок без применения технико-экономического обоснования. Для решения поставленной задачи использована линейная модель и методы линейного программирования. При экономико-математическом моделировании функция эксплуатационных расходов зависит от размеров постоянного нераспределяемого поездопотока на каждом из параллельных ходов и размеров переменного распределяемого поездопотока, который распределяется между параллельными ходами. Экономико-математическая модель железнодорожного направления с параллельными ходами имеет ограничение по пропускной способности однопутных участков с двухпутными вставками. При решении поставленной задачи железнодорожное направление представлено в виде расширенной сети, которая включает как действительные звенья, по которых непосредственно осуществляются перевозки, так и дополнительные – соответствующие функции расходов на перевозку поездопотока. На основании тяговых расчетов в диссертационной работе проведен анализ расходов электроэнергии на перевозку 1 тонны грузов по основному и параллельному направлениям перевозки. В диссертационной работе проведено исследование изменений коэффициентов съема грузовых поездов пассажирскими при различной скорости движения пассажирских поездов и длине блок-участков. В диссертационной работе было выполнено моделирование вариантных графиков движения поездов по однопутным участкам с двухпутными вставками Помошная - Колосовка и Помошная – Котовск с использованием программы КАСКАД с целью определения возможного количества обгонов и скрещений в условиях ускоренного движения пассажирских поездов. В диссертационной работе выполнены исследования, которые направлены на решение проблема уменьшения затрат электроэнергии потребленной на тягу поездов, в условиях применения дифференцированных тарифов в условиях оптового рынка электроэнергии. Научные положения, выводы и рекомендация, полученная в диссертационной работе, а также разработанная процедура и методы могут быть использованы при создании автоматизированной системы поддержки принятия решений для оперативного распределения поездопотоков по параллельным ходам в условиях скоростного движения пассажирских поездов и дифференцированных тарифов на электроэнергию, при разработке АРМ диспетчерского персонала оперативно-распорядительных отделов дирекций и железных дорог.
EN: THE SUMMARY Dissertation is devoted the questions of increase of efficiency of organization of motion of freight trains on railway directions with the purpose of determination of rational sizes of motion of trains on parallel motions in the conditions of speed motion of passenger trains and wholesale market of electric power. In dissertation first formulated and decided optimization task in relation to organization of train on railway directions with parallel motions in the conditions of the differentiated tariffs on electric power, that allows to cut down expenses railway on advancement of freight trains. The estimation of dependence of charges is improved on advancement of freight trains at distributing of motion between to parallel motions in the period of daily motion of speed-up passenger trains on the basis of decision of a transport task the methods of the nonlinear programming. Improved economy-mathematical model of railway direction with parallel motions, the use of which allows to define the most rational distributing of train on the areas of directions. The method of calculation of carrying capacity of railway areas, which unlike existing allows to take into account the presence of speed motion of passenger trains in a daily daypart, is improved. Scientific positions, conclusions and recommendation, got in dissertation work, and also the developed procedure and methods can be used for creation of CAS of support of making decision for the operative distributing of train on parallel motions in the conditions of speed motion of passenger trains and differentiated tariffs on electric power, at development of ARM of controller's personnel of operatively prescriptive departments of management and railway.

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Svoboda, Ondřej. "Návrh elektrizace jednokolejné trati." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400599.

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The main topic of the thesis is the design of single-track electrification of a direct current system of 3 kV and an alternating current system of 5 kV 50 Hz and then economically evaluate it over a period of 30 years. The work deals with basic traction systems and also deals with the calculation of main parameters of electric trains. The thesis describes in detail the procedure for the design of the electrification of the track and a partial introduction to the simulation programs that were used for energy calculations.

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Калашников, Костянтин Олексійович, Константин Алексеевич Калашников, and Konstantin A. Kalashnikov. "Зменшення втрат електроенергії в тяговій мережі постійного струму шляхом вибору раціональної дислокації тягових навантажень." Thesis, Видавництво Дніпропетровського національного університету залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, 2014. http://eadnurt.diit.edu.ua:82/jspui/handle/123456789/2010.

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Калашников, К. О. Зменшення втрат електроенергії в тяговій мережі постійного струму шляхом вибору раціональної дислокації тягових навантажень : авт. дис. к. т. н. / К. О. Калашников ; Дніпропетр. нац. ун-т залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна. - Д. : Вид-во Дніпропетр. нац. ун-ту залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, 2014. - 20 с. : іл. ГРНТИ 73.29.71 УДК 621.331:621.311.024(043.3) Захист – 6 березня 2014 р.
UK: АНОТАЦІЯ Дисертація присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-технічної задачі зменшення втрат електроенергії в тяговій мережі постійного струму шляхом вибору раціональної дислокації тягових навантажень. На основі аналізу існуючих методів зменшення втрат електроенергії в тяговій мережі встановлено, що існують додаткові резерви зменшення втрат шляхом вибору раціональної дислокації тягових навантажень, послідовності відправлення поїздів різних категорій, інтервалів між поїздами. Сформульовано принцип зменшення втрат електроенергії в тяговій мережі на основі методу деформованого багатогранника, який дозволяє розраховувати оптимальні відстані між тяговими навантаженнями для побудови енергоефективних ГРП. Розглянуто ситуації для різної кількості поїздів між ТП. Запропоновано принцип зменшення втрат електроенергії в тяговій мережі на основі евристичного алгоритму пошуку мінімуму функції списку шляхом вибору оптимальної послідовності відправлення та інтервалів між поїздами. При цьому послідовність поїздів різних категорій представляється як список, а кожній послідовності відправлення поїздів різних категорій відповідає певне значення втрат електроенергії в тяговій мережі. Розроблено програмний комплекс для складання енергоефективних ГРП. Проведено експериментальну перевірку теоретичних положень дисертації з використанням програмного комплексу «Поток». Чистий дисконтований дохід для електрифікованих ділянок Придніпровської залізниці за 1 рік становить 1,4 млн грн.
RU: АННОТАЦИЯ Диссертация посвящена решению актуальной научно-технической задачи уменьшения потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети постоянного тока путем выбора рациональной дислокации тягових нагрузок. На основе анализа существующих методов уменьшения потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети установлено, что существуют дополнительные резервы снижения потерь путем выбора рациональной дислокации тяговых нагрузок, последовательности отправления поездов различных категорий, интервалов между поездами. Выделены факторы, которые влияют на величину потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети постоянного тока: параметры СТЭ – схемы питания контактной сети, длина фидерной зоны, мощность и напряжение на шинах ТП; параметры пути – сопротивление движению, уклоны; технические данные ЭПС – максимальная скорость, масса, мощность, потребляемый ток; параметры транспортного потока – дислокация поездов между ТП, размеры движения, интервалы между поездами, последовательность отправления поездов различных категорий; прочие факторы – квалификация машинистов, погодные условия. Установлен потенциал уменьшения потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети путем уменьшения неравномерности транспортного потока: для схемы двухстороннего питания величина потерь изменяется на 18,9 %; для узловой схемы питания – на 11,1 %. Разработаны модели СТЭ и транспортного потока, в которых ж.д. станция представлена как трансформатор транспортного потока с возможностью учета влияния показателей транспортного потока на величину потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети. Установлены предельные показатели транспортного потока по условиям работы СТЭ для электрифицированного участка Приднепровской ж.д.: максимальная интенсивность транспортного потока – , максимальная плотность транспортного потока – . Разработана математическая модель энергооптимальной дислокации тяговых нагрузок между ТП, позволяющая выбирать схемы расположения тяговых нагрузок между ТП на каждом шаге времени, при которых потери электроэнергии в тяговой сети минимальны. Предложен подход, при котором расстояния между тяговыми нагрузками представлены как ребра многогранника. Ограничения по безопасности движения поездов учитываются следующим образом: минимальная длина ребра должна быть не меньше длины блок-участка устройств СЦБ, максимальная – не более длины рассматриваемого участка. Сформулирован принцип уменьшения потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети на основе метода деформируемого многогранника, который позволяет рассчитывать оптимальные расстояния между тяговыми нагрузками для построения энергоэффективных ГДП. Рассмотрены ситуации для различного количества поездов между ТП. Предложен принцип уменьшения потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети на основе эвристического алгоритма поиска минимума функции списка путем выбора оптимальной последовательности отправления и интервалов между поездами. При этом последовательность поездов различных категорий представляется как список, а каждой последовательности отправления поездов различных категорий поставлено в соответствие определенное значение потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети. Разработан программный комплекс для составления энергоэффективных ГДП. Проведена экспериментальная проверка теоретических положений диссертации с использованием программного комплекса «Поток» путем имитационного моделирования. Установлены пределы изменения величины потерь электроэнергии в зависимости от: последовательности отправления поездов для различных схем питания – 20-23 % (двухсторонняя – 20 %, узловая и параллельная – 23 %); дислокации и интервалов между тяговыми нагрузками – 23–27 % (двухсторонняя – 23 %, узловая и параллельная – 27 %). Проведены технико-экономические расчеты, подтверждающие эффективность применения методов уменьшения потерь электроэнергии в тяговой сети путем выбора рациональной дислокации тяговых нагрузок. Чистый дисконтированный доход для электрифицированных участков Приднепровской ж.д. за 1 год составляет 1,4 млн грн.
EN: ABSTRACT The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the important scientific and technical tasks - decreasing energy losses in traction line by choosing a rational dislocation traction loads. Based on the analysis of existing methods of reducing electricity losses in traction lines it’s established that there are additional reserves of decreasing losses by choosing a rational dislocation of the traction loads, sequence of departure of trains with different categories, intervals between trains. It’s formulated the principles of reducing electric power losses in traction lines based on the method of strain of the polytope, which allows to calculate the optimal distance between traction loads for building energy-efficient schedule of trains. The author proposed the principle of reduction of electricity losses in traction line on the basis of the heuristic algorithm for finding the minimum of the function list by selecting the optimal sequence of departure and intervals between trains. The sequence of trains with various categories is represented as a list, and each sequence of trains with different categories corresponds to a certain value of electricity losses in traction lines. It’s developed a software package designed to compute energy-efficient train schedule. An experimental verification of theoretical propositions in dissertation using software complex «Potok» on the basis of simulation showed a positive economice effect.The net product value for electrified sections of Pridneprovskaya railway for 1 year is 1.4 million UAH.

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Boora, Arash Abbasalizadeh. "Flexible high-power multi DC-DC converters for train systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/33208/1/Arash_Boora_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis reports on the investigations, simulations and analyses of novel power electronics topologies and control strategies. The research is financed by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage (07-09) grant. Therefore, in addition to developing original research and contributing to the available knowledge of power electronics, it also contributes to the design of a DC-DC converter for specific application to the auxiliary power supply in electric trains. Specifically, in this regard, it contributes to the design of a 7.5 kW DC-DC converter for the industrial partner (Schaffler and Associates Ltd) who supported this project. As the thesis is formatted as a ‘thesis by publication’, the contents are organized around published papers. The research has resulted in eleven papers, including seven peer reviewed and published conference papers, one published journal paper, two journal papers accepted for publication and one submitted journal paper (provisionally accepted subject to few changes). In this research, several novel DC-DC converter topologies are introduced, analysed, and tested. The similarity of all of the topologies devised lies in their ‘current circulating’ switching state, which allows them to store some energy in the inductor, as extra inductor current. The stored energy may be applied to enhance the performance of the converter in the occurrence of load current or input voltage disturbances. In addition, when there is an alternating load current, the ability to store energy allows the converter to perform satisfactorily despite frequently and highly varying load current. In this research, the capability of current storage has been utilised to design topologies for specific applications, and the enhancement of the performance of the considered applications has been illustrated. The simplest DC-DC converter topology, which has a ‘current circulating’ switching state, is the Positive Buck-Boost (PBB) converter (also known as the non-inverting Buck-Boost converter). Usually, the topology of the PBB converter is operating as a Buck or a Boost converter in applications with widely varying input voltage or output reference voltage. For example, in electric railways (the application of our industrial partner), the overhead line voltage alternates from 1000VDC to 500VDC and the required regulated voltage is 600VDC. In the course of this research, our industrial partner (Schaffler and Associates Ltd) industrialized a PBB converter–the ‘Mudo converter’–operating at 7.5 kW. Programming the onboard DSP and testing the PBB converter in experimental and nominal power and voltage was part of this research program. In the earlier stages of this research, the advantages and drawbacks of utilization of the ‘current circulating’ switching state in the positive Buck-Boost converter were investigated. In brief, the advantages were found to be robustness against input voltage and current load disturbances, and the drawback was extra conduction and switching loss. Although the robustness against disturbances is desirable for many applications, the price of energy loss must be minimized to attract attention to the utilization of the PBB converter. In further stages of this research, two novel control strategies for different applications were devised to minimise the extra energy loss while the advantages of the positive Buck-Boost converter were fully utilized. The first strategy is Smart Load Controller (SLC) for applications with pre-knowledge or predictability of input voltage and/or load current disturbances. A convenient example of these applications is electric/hybrid cars where a master controller commands all changes in loads and voltage sources. Therefore, the master controller has a pre-knowledge of the load and input voltage disturbances so it can apply the SLC strategy to utilize robustness of the PBB converter. Another strategy aiming to minimise energy loss and maximise the robustness in the face of disturbance is developed to cover applications with unexpected disturbances. This strategy is named Dynamic Hysteresis Band (DHB), and is used to manipulate the hysteresis band height after occurrence of disturbance to reduce dynamics of the output voltage. When no disturbance has occurred, the PBB converter works with minimum inductor current and minimum energy loss. New topologies based on the PBB converter have been introduced to address input voltage disturbances for different onboard applications. The research shows that the performance of applications of symmetrical/asymmetrical multi-level diode-clamped inverters, DC-networks, and linear-assisted RF amplifiers may be enhanced by the utilization of topologies based on the PBB converter. Multi-level diode-clamped inverters have the problem of DC-link voltage balancing when the power factor of their load closes to unity. This research has shown that this problem may be solved with a suitable multi-output DC-DC converter supplying DClink capacitors. Furthermore, the multi-level diode-clamped inverters supplied with asymmetrical DC-link voltages may improve the quality of load voltage and reduce the level of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Mathematical analyses and experiments on supplying symmetrical and asymmetrical multi-level inverters by specifically designed multi-output DC-DC converters have been reported in two journal papers. Another application in which the system performance can be improved by utilization of the ‘current circulating’ switching state is linear-assisted RF amplifiers in communicational receivers. The concept of ‘linear-assisted’ is to divide the signal into two frequency domains: low frequency, which should be amplified by a switching circuit; and the high frequency domain, which should be amplified by a linear amplifier. The objective is to minimize the overall power loss. This research suggests using the current storage capacity of a PBB based converter to increase its bandwidth, and to increase the domain of the switching converter. The PBB converter addresses the industrial demand for a DC-DC converter for the application of auxiliary power supply of a typical electric train. However, after testing the industrial prototype of the PBB converter, there were some voltage and current spikes because of switching. To attenuate this problem without significantly increasing the switching loss, the idea of Active Gate Signalling (AGS) is presented. AGS suggests a smart gate driver that selectively controls the switching process to reduce voltage/current spikes, without unacceptable reduction in the efficiency of switching.

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23

Bleynat, Ingrid. "Trading with Power: Mexico City's Markets, 1867-1958." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10961.

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This dissertation traces the history of Mexico City’s municipal markets from a patchwork of sites of customary trade dating from the colonial era to a network of state-controlled modernist halls in the 1950s. It shows how, as small-scale vendors of tomatoes, straw hats, charcoal and all manner of every-day necessities plied their trade and fought to protect their livelihoods, their interactions with the government and other social groups and classes transformed the city’s markets and shaped the contours of popular politics in modern Mexico. More broadly, it uncovers vendors’ role in the dual process of economic development and state formation.
History

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Ahlgren, Markus. "Internal Market Risk Modelling for Power Trading Companies." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173917.

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Since the financial crisis of 2008, the risk awareness has increased in the -financial sector. Companies are regulated with regards to risk exposure. These regulations are driven by the Basel Committee that formulates broad supervisory standards, guidelines and recommends statements of best practice in banking supervision. In these regulations companies are regulated with own funds requirements for market risks. This thesis constructs an internal model for risk management that, according to the "Capital Requirements Regulation" (CRR) respectively the "Fundamental Review of the Trading Book" (FRTB), computes the regulatory capital requirements for market risks. The capital requirements according to CRR and FRTB are compared to show how the suggested move to an expected shortfall (ES) based model in FRTB will affect the capital requirements. All computations are performed with data that have been provided from a power trading company to make the results fit reality. In the results, when comparing the risk capital requirements according to CRR and FRTB for a power portfolio with only linear assets, it shows that the risk capital is higher using the value-at-risk (VaR) based model. This study shows that the changes in risk capital mainly depend on the different methods of calculating the risk capital according to CRR and FRTB respectively and minor on the change of risk measure.
I samband med finanskrisen 2008 har riskmedvetenheten ökat i den finansiella sektorn. Företag regleras mot riskexponering av föreskrifter som drivs av Baselkommittén, de utformar tillsynsstandarder och riktlinjer samt rekommenderar åtgärder av bästa praxis. I dessa föreskrifter regleras företag av kapitalbaskrav mot marknadsrisker. I det här examensarbetet beskrivs processen för att ta fram en intern riskmodell, enligt "Capital Requirements Regulation"(CRR) respektive Fundamental Review of the Trading Book"(FRTB), för att beräkna de lagstadgade kapitalkraven mot marknadsrisker. Kapitalbaskraven enligt regelverken jämförs för att förstå hur det föreslagna bytet till en expected shortfall (ES) baserad modell i FRTB kommer att påverka kapitalbaskraven. I alla beräkningar anv änds data från ett elhandelsföretag för att göra resultaten mer intressanta och verklighetsanpassade. I resultatdelen, vid jämförelse av riskkapitalkraven enligt CRR och FRTB för en energiportfölj med endast linjära tillgångar kan det ses att riskkapitalet blir högre med en value-at-risk (VaR) baserad modell. Den viktigaste upptäckten med detta är att skillnaden i riskkapitalkraven inte främst beror på de olika riskmåtten utan snarare de olika metoderna för att beräkna riskkapitalet enligt CRR och FRTB.

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Guzzomi, Andrew Louis. "Torsional vibration of powertrains : an investigation of some common assumptions." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0032.

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The area of powertrain dynamics has received considerable attention over a number of years. The recent introduction of more stringent emission requirements together with economic pressure has led to a particular focus on increasing powertrain efficiency. This has seen the incorporation of on-board, real-time measurements to predict system behaviour and engine condition. In this domain, accurate models for all powertrain components are important. One strategy to improve accuracy is to evaluate the assumptions made when deriving each model and then to address the simplifications that may introduce large errors. To this end, the aim of the work presented in this dissertation was to investigate the consequences of some of the more common assumptions and simplifications made in low frequency torsional powertrain models, and to propose improved models where appropriate. In particular, the effects of piston-tocylinder friction, crank/gudgeon pin offset, and the torsional behaviour of tyres were studied. Frequency and time domain models were used to investigate system behaviour and model predictions were compared with measurements on a small single cylinder engine. All time domain engine and powertrain models also include a variable inertia function for each reciprocating mechanism. It was found that piston-to-cylinder friction can increase the apparent inertia variation of a single reciprocating engine mechanism. This has implications for the nonlinear behaviour of engines and the drivetrains they are connected to. The effect of crank/gudgeon pin offset also modified the nonlinear behaviour of the mechanism. Though, for typical (small) gudgeon offset values these effects are small. However, for large offset values, achievable practically with crank offset, the modification to the nonlinear behaviour should not be ignored. The low frequency torsional damping properties of a small pneumatic tyre were found to be more accurately represented as hysteretic rather than viscous. Time domain modelling was then used to extend the results to a multi-cylinder engine powertrain and was achieved using the Time Domain Receptance (TDR) method. Various powertrain component TDRs were developed using Laplacians. Powertrain simulations showed that piston-to-cylinder friction can provide additional excitation to the system.

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26

Hall, Lynsey Sylvia. "Identifying endophenotypes for depression in Generation Scotland : a Scottish family health study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28737.

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Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite evidence for a genetic component, the genetic aetiology of this disorder remains elusive. To date, only one association study has identified and replicated risk loci for depression. This thesis focuses on aiding genetic discovery by revisiting the depressed phenotype and developing a quantitative trait, using data from Generation Scotland: The Scottish Family Health Study. These analyses aim to test whether this derived quantitative trait has improved statistical power to identify genetic risk variants for depression, relative to the binary classification of case/control. Measures of genetic covariation were used to evaluate and rank ten measures of mood, personality and cognitive ability as endophenotypes for depression. The highest ranking traits were subjected to principal component analysis, and the first principal component used as a quantitative measure of depression. This composite trait was compared to the binary classification of depression in terms of ability to identify risk loci in a genome-wide association study, and phenotypic variance explained by polygenic profile scores for psychiatric disorders. I also compared the composite trait to the univariate traits in terms of their ability to fulfill the endophenotype criteria as described by Gottesman and Gould, namely: being heritable, genetically and phenotypically correlated with depression, state independent, co-segregating with illness in families, and observed at a higher rate in unaffected relatives than in unrelated controls. Four out of ten traits fulfilled most endophenotype criteria, however, only two traits - neuroticism and the general health questionnaire (a measure of current psychological distress) - consistently ranked highest across all analyses. As such, three composite traits were derived incorporating two, three, or four traits. Association analyses of binary depression, univariate traits and composite traits yielded no genome-wide significant results, with most traits performing equivalently. However, composite traits were more heritable and more highly correlated with depression than their constituent traits, suggesting that analyzing these traits in combination was capturing more of the heritable component of depression. Polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders explained more trait variance for the composite traits than the univariate traits, and depression itself. Overall, whilst the composite traits generally obtained more significant results, they did not identify any further insight into the genetic aetiology of depression. This work therefore provides support for the urgent need to redefine the depressed phenotype based on objective and quantitative measures. This is essential for risk stratification, better diagnoses, novel target identification and improved treatment.

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Güssow, Jens. "Power systems operation and trading in competitive energy markets /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00026945.pdf.

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28

Levine, Jeremy. "Slow Train Coming: Power, Politics, and Redevelopment Planning in an American City." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493277.

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Who decides which neighborhoods receive affordable housing, community gardens, or job centers? How do these organizations and agencies get a seat at the decision-making table? And what can urban redevelopment politics tell us about larger links between governance and inequality in American cities? This dissertation, based on four years of ethnographic fieldwork in Boston, addresses these questions and significantly advances our understanding of urban governance and neighborhood inequality. First, I argue that influence over community development plans depends on organizational legitimacy, not unequal access to resources. Second, I illustrate a consequential realignment of political representation, showing how private community-based organizations (CBOs)—not elected politicians—represent poor neighborhoods in community development decision-making. Finally, I reveal how subtle cultural processes—not overt elite domination—undermine resident power in public participatory processes. By focusing on the day-to-day grind of governance, this dissertation reveals overlooked actors and new political processes. It is a unique urban ethnography that takes readers off of the street corner and into the conference rooms of government agencies and private development organizations—a move forcing social scientists to rethink dynamics of power, political representation, and inequality in poor neighborhoods.
Sociology

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29

Axelberg, Peter. "On Tracing Flicker Sources and Classification of Voltage Disturbances." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3416.

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Developments in measurement technology, communication and data storage have resulted in measurement systems that produce large amount of data. Together with the long existing need for characterizing the performance of the power system this has resulted in demand for automatic and efficient information-extraction methods. The objective of the research work presented in this thesis was therefore to develop new robust methods that extract additional information from voltage and current measurements in power systems. This work has contributed to two specific areas of interest.The first part of the work has been the development of a measurement method that gives information how voltage flicker propagates (with respect to a monitoring point) and how to trace a flicker source. As part of this work the quantity of flicker power has been defined and integrated in a perceptionally relevant measurement method. The method has been validated by theoretical analysis, by simulations, and by two field tests (at low-voltage and at 130-kV level) with results that matched the theory. The conclusion of this part of the work is that flicker power can be used for efficient tracing of a flicker source and to determine how flicker propagates.The second part of the work has been the development of a voltage disturbance classification system based on the statistical learning theory-based Support Vector Machine method. The classification system shows always high classification accuracy when training data and test data originate from the same source. High classification accuracy is also obtained when training data originate from one power network and test data from another. The classification system shows, however, lower performance when training data is synthetic and test data originate from real power networks. It was concluded that it is possible to develop a classification system based on the Support Vector Machine method with “global settings” that can be used at any location without the need to retrain. The conclusion is that the proposed classification system works well and shows sufficiently high classification accuracy when trained on data that originate from real disturbances. However, more research activities are needed in order to generate synthetic data that have statistical characteristics close enough to real disturbances to replace actual recordings as training data.

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30

Ogden, Lillie. "Exploring Opportunities for Novel Electricity Trading Strategies within a Virtual Power Plant in the European Power Market : New Possibilities in Power Trading Due to the Increased Share of Variable Renewable Energy." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277841.

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This report explores the impacts of variable renewable energy (VRE) on power trading in the European wholesale electricity market. The intricate operation of a typical power exchange in Europe is accompanied by an equally complex balancing system. The increasing amount of VRE in the power system, such as wind and solar power, has far-reaching impacts for power traders in both this electricity market and the corresponding balancing system. As a result, the electricity market is evolving in unprecedented ways and new participants are entering the playing field to capitalize on the changing dynamics caused by VRE generators. One novel participant, the virtual power plant (VPP), possesses an advantage over other market participants by aggregating VRE generators with controllable renewable energy generators, like biogas and hydro plants, into one entity. This allows the VPP to both gain access to live VRE production data that larger plants don’t have, which it then utilizes to remotely dispatch various subpools of assets, and to provide balancing services to the grid. Subsequently, VPPs are able to trade VRE and other renewable electricity superiorly on the same spot markets and balancing systems as large central power plants and industrial consumers. The report asserts that VPP traders can earn profits through means of innovative trading strategies that exploit predictable market impacts caused by VRE power through a robust understanding of the electricity market and their unique access to data.
Denna rapport undersöker effekterna av variabel förnybar energi (VRE) på krafthandeln på den europeiska elhandelsmarknaden för stora aktörer. Den komplicerade driften av ett typiskt kraftutbyte i Europa åtföljs av ett lika komplicerat balanseringssystem. Den ökande mängden VRE i kraftsystemet, såsom vind- och solkraft, har långtgående effekter för krafthandlare på både denna elmarknad och motsvarande balanseringssystem. Som ett resultat utvecklas elmarknaden på enastående sätt och nya deltagare kommer in på spelplanen för att dra nytta av den förändrade dynamiken som orsakas av VRE-generatorer. En ny spelare, det virtuella kraftverket (VPP), har en fördel jämfört med andra marknadsaktörer genom att samla VRE-generatorer med styrbara förnybara energiproducenter, som biogas och vattenkraftverk, till en enhet. Detta gör att VPP både kan få tillgång till live VRE-produktionsdata som större anläggningar inte har, som den sedan använder för att distribuera olika underpooler av tillgångar och för att tillhandahålla balanstjänster till nätet. Därefter kan VPP: er handla med VRE och annan förnybar el på ett överlägset sätt på samma spotmarknader och balanseringssystem som stora centrala kraftverk och industrikonsumenter. Rapporten visar att VPP-handlare kan göra vinster genom innovativa handelsstrategier som utnyttjar förutsägbara marknadseffekter orsakade av VRE-kraft genom en detaljerad förståelse för elmarknaden och unik tillgång till data för produktionen av förnybar energi

QC 20201118

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31

Kufleitner, Manfred. "Logical fragments for Mazurkiewicz traces expressive power and algebraic characterizations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-27812.

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32

Conway, Robert E. "Power plant and drive train improvements of the NPS Hummingbird remotely piloted helicopter." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA320151.

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Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): E.R. Wood. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100). Also available online.

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33

Li, Zheng. "Spur gear teeth contact analysis on power-train transmission noise, vibration and harshness." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3163/.

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The gear meshing is very complex process as high non-linearity behaviour is involved during the process. Normally most analysis of gear tooth contact is on the basis of a hypothesis that the contacted gear teeth are cantilever beams to obtain the approximate results quickly. However, many important factors have been ignored in simulating gear tooth contact using cantilever beam hypothesis, those factors include tooth profile variations, gear rotation speed and input torque, coefficient of friction and geometry distortion. Many of non-linear responses such as noise, vibration, abrasion and so on make the actual contact process much more complicated than those in the cantilever beam hypothesis although it is a reliable reference for integrated gear performance investigation. The main contribution of this thesis is in the investigation of the typical static and dynamic performances of meshing gears by simulating gears rolling-sliding contact processes using non-linear finite element method. A typical spur gear model has been proposed first for performance analysis and the model with integrated parameters could contribute reliable finite element conditions to simulate actual gear meshing. The bending stress and its resultant stress of contacted teeth with static model and dynamic model have been then simulated and the results can be used to provide information on the contacted teeth stresses distribution. The detailed investigation of transmission error in gear meshing has been carried out to understand harmful noise and vibration of gear set and a micro geometry modification of gear tooth profile has been proposed, i.e. tip relief. The gear contact pressure distributions and transmission errors have been then analyzed with micro geometry modification and the analysis is under static and dynamic boundary conditions. Finally, the most significant contribution of the thesis is the investigation of the frictional effect on dynamic performance, including dynamic stress and transmission errors.

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34

Crespo, Anadón Javier. "Effects of trans / supercritical behavior of carbon dioxide on power and propulsion applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120430.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "Pages with color images contain background shading/streaking"--Disclaimer Notice page.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-88).
Operating combustors at supercritical conditions has the potential of reducing NOx emissions and enabling a more compact combustor design. However, this can have an impact on the combustion dynamics, and the impact of trans-critical conditions is unknown. A reduced order model framework was developed to assess the impact of droplet evaporation time on the combustion dynamics under sub-, trans- and supercritical conditions. This framework combines an analytical one-dimensional acoustic solver with a previously developed droplet evaporation model and a heat release oscillation model based on the droplet evaporation time. This approach yields low computational cost and is useful for the identification of trends in combustion dynamics and complementing high fidelity calculations. The results were validated with analytical predictions and unsteady three-dimensional CFD calculations. The results suggest that droplets with longer evaporation times have a stabilizing effect on the combustor dynamics. The second part of the thesis investigates the condensation behavior for metastable carbon dioxide (CO₂). Using a previously established blowdown experiment with optical measurement capability, the current state-of-the-art equation of state was verified in the metastable region and demonstrated to be within 4% of the measurements. Additional Wilson line measurements were obtained near the critical point and the measurement procedure was validated using a nozzle geometry from the literature. Lastly, an attempt was made to characterize the effect of expansion rate on condensation in non-dimensional terms. A reduced frequency like parameter was introduced comparing the expansion rate with two other relevant time scales. Neither the fluid residence time nor the acoustic time based on upstream stagnation conditions collapsed the data adequately, rendering the analysis inconclusive.
by Javier Crespo Anadón.
S.M.

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35

Colt, David E. "The relationship and predictive power of critical thinking skills scores to NATABOC certification examination for athletic training performance scores." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4702.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on month day year) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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36

Scharff, Richard. "Design of Electricity Markets for Efficient Balancing of Wind Power Generation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171063.

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Deploying wind power to a larger extent is one solution to reduce negative environmental impacts of electric power supply. However, various challenges are connected with increasing wind power penetration levels. From the perspective of transmission system operators, this includes balancing of varying as well as - to some extent - uncertain generation levels. From the perspective of power generating companies, changes in the generation mix will affect the market's merit order and, hence, their profits. This thesis focuses on provision and use of flexibility in the Nordic electricity market. First, this thesis studies wind power variations and accuracy of wind power forecasts in Sweden using statistical methods. Even though today’s wind penetration levels are still low in Sweden, power systems and electricity markets have to cope with these characteristics of variations and forecast errors to a larger extent in future. Second, it investigates to which extent an increased exchange and use of flexibility that is available in the intraday time-frame could efficiently facilitate system balancing and whether this would also be profitable from the power generating companies' perspective. Here, a simulation model is developed that reflects important aspects of production planning and trading decisions in the intraday time-frame. In a first case study, it is shown that the benefits of internal rescheduling strongly depend on the costs to adjust production plans in the intraday time-frame as compared to real-time. In a second case study, it becomes evident that trading flexibility in the intraday time-frame can reduce the need for system balancing more efficiently than internal rescheduling within each balance responsible party. Motivated by the positive gains of intraday trading and the challenge of appropriately modelling continuous intraday markets, trading activity and price development on Elbas is investigated. The results provide insights into trading behaviour on a continuous intraday market and show that trading is not always in accordance to the power system's physical situation. To the extent to which better information and adaptations in the market design could improve the market participants' base for trading decisions, policy recommendations and further research questions areas suggested.
Att använda vindkraft i en större utsträckning är en möjlighet att minska elproduktionens negativa miljöpåverkan. Det finns dock också olika utmaningar med stora mängder vindkraft. Från ett systemperspektiv gäller det till exempel att hålla balansen mellan tillförsel och konsumtion av el. Från elproducenternas perspektiv bör vindkraftens påverkan på elmarknaden nämnas eftersom det påverka aktörernas vinster. Avhandlingen titta närmare in i hur man kan få tillgång till mer flexibilitet på produktionssidan. Avhandlingen består av tre delar. För det första undersöks variationer och prognosfel av vindkraft i Sverige med hjälp av statistiska metoder. Även om andel vindkraft hittills är låg i Sverige, behöver elsystemet och elmarknader i framtiden hantera samma egenskaper av själva variationer och prognosfel som idag men i en större utsträckning. För det andra undersöks hur den flexibiliteten som finns i tidshorisonten några timmar innan leveranstimmen kan utnyttjas för att integrera vindkraften på ett sätt som är både fördelaktigt från systemets och från aktörernas perspektiv. Undersökningen sker med hjälp av en simuleringsmodell som omfattar viktiga delar i produktionsplanering och intradayhandel. I en fallstudie uppvisas att vinster av intern omplanering är i högsta grad beroende på kostnadsskillnaden mellan omplanering några timmar innan leveranstimmen och anpassning av körscheman under själva leveranstimmen. Resultat av ytterligare en fallstudie uppvisar att det är betydligt billigare och mer effektivt att använda intradayhandel istället för intern omplanering för att utnyttja den befintliga flexibiliteten och för att reducera obalanser som systemoperatörer annars behöver ta hand om under leveranstimmen. Detta är en anledning till att undersöka handelsmönster på Elbas som är en intradaymarknad med kontinuerlig handel. En annan anledning till den här tredje delen är utmaningarna i att modellera kontinuerlig intradayhandel. Studien beskriver handelsaktiviteten på Elbas och hur priserna utvecklas under handelstiden. Ett resultat är att handeln inte alltid återspeglar den fysiska situationen i elsystemet. I den utsträckningen som ett snabbare informationsflöde och förändringar i marknadsdesignen kunde förbättrar aktörernas underlag för intradayhandel, föreslås förbättringar och öppna forskningsfrågor.

QC 20150911

Elektra 36141: Korttidsplanering av vatten-värmekraftsystem vid stora mängder vindkraft: System-perspektivet

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37

Richardson, Timothy Kevin. "Environmental integration in infrastructure planning : a Foucauldian discourse analysis of the trans-European transport network." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1999. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3157/.

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Planning theory is turning again towards the question of power, particularly in relation to recent claims to a new communicative planning 'paradigm'. This thesis investigates how Foucauldian discourse analytics, embracing concepts of discourse, power/knowledge, rationality and space can contribute in sensitising planning research to power. A Foucauldian approach is developed which problematises the construction of rationality in spatial planning processes, focusing on the institutionalisation of rationality in the tools that provide decision-support. The power relations that condition this construction process are investigated in a detailed case study of the treatment of environmental risks in the policy process for the trans-European transport network. Key events are analysed, as a new policy discourse of European space and mobility emerges and is institutionalised in an ED policy framework. A narrative of the micro-politics of power at work focuses on the construction of Strategic Environmental Assessment as the principal tool in institutionalising a new discourse of environmental integration into TEN-T policy discourse. The case study operationalises discourse analytics in a way which embraces social practices and institutional dynamics as well as texts, showing the value of a non-textually oriented research design. The result is a detailed analysis of how power relations affected environmental integration in a critical area of ED policy making. Discoursive struggles were found to shape the local struggles taking place within the policy process, between EU institutions, individuals within them, and other interests. The policy outcome for environmental risks was found to be heavily conditioned by these struggles. These findings contribute to general understanding of the struggles for hegemony between economic, political and environmental discourses in spatial planning at EU and other levels. The operationalisation of a Foucauldian discourse analytic approach in this study suggests its usefulness in planning research, as well as in exploring theoretical questions about the relations between discourse, rationality, power/knowledge and space in spatial planning.

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38

Rosenberg, Rae. "Trans* individuals in the U.S. prison industrial complex: carceral power, hypermasculinity and transgender subversions." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119754.

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The conditions of incarceration for transgender individuals in the United States have become a concern of activists and scholars. The multiple forms of mistreatment that target transgender prisoners have been noted to include humiliation, harassment, assault, and the denial of various rights. Due to the small scale of the current body of research surrounding incarcerated trans* individuals, my research explores more detailed accounts of incarcerated trans* feminine prisoners across the United States to gather the variety of physical and psychological trauma they endure, as well as other aspects of their lives such as gender embodiment and ways in which they resist carceral impositions of gender expression and transphobia. Through qualitative research methods, my data presents subjective and comprehensive accounts of incarceration by trans* feminine prisoners and the numerous material and corporeal consequences they face in prison. I argue that my research suggests the ways in which carceral institutions and hegemonic masculinity impose power through corporeal and psychological domination over transgender prisoners. Additionally, my data displays how carceral and hypermasculine supremacy can be resisted and challenged by the ways in which transgender prisoners engage in bodily sovereignty and assert their gender identities. My research provides new information regarding incarcerated transgender populations through a larger-scale analysis that teases apart the intricacies of how incarceration impacts transgender prisoners, as well as points to strategies for how advocates can support transgender prisoners.
Les conditions dans lesquelles les individus transgenres sont incarcérés aux États-Unis sont devenues inquiétantes pour certains activistes et experts. Plusieurs formes d'abus à l'égard des prisonniers transgenres sont identifiables, dont l'humiliation, le harcèlement, les agressions, et le déni de droits variés. Vue la petite échelle du corps d'étude qui existe à présent sur les conditions d'incarcération des personnes trans*, mon projet explore des comptes rendus détaillés de prisonniers trans* féminines à travers les États-Unis afin de recueillir des données sur les traumatismes physiques et psychologiques qu'elles/ils subissent, ainsi que d'autres aspects de leur(e)s vies tel que la réalisation des sexes, les moyens par lesquels ells/ils résistent l'imposition carcérale de l'expression des sexes, et la transphobie. Suite à une analyse basée sur des méthodes de recherche qualitatives, les résultats présentent un compte rendu subjectifs et compréhensifs de l'incarcération de prisonniers trans* féminines, y compris les nombreuses conséquences matérielles et corporelles auxquelles ells/ils font face en prison. Les résultats démontrent les moyens par lesquelles les institutions carcérales et la masculinité hégémonique imposent du pouvoir à travers la domination corporelle et psychologique des prisonniers transgenres. De plus, les données exposent les moyens par lesquels la suprématie carcérale et l'hypermasculinité peut être résistée et contestée par les prisonniers transgenres à travers la souveraineté corporelle et l'affirmation de leur identité de genre. Ma recherche fournit de la nouvelle information concernant l'incarcération de populations transgenre à travers une analyse à grande échelle qui sert à démêler les moyens par lesquels l'incarcération impacte les prisonniers transgenres et donne quelques pistes pour les intervenants sur des potentielles stratégies de support pour les prisonniers transgenres.

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Barcellos, Clarice Blessmann e. "Mudrooroo's wildcat trilogy and the tracks of a young urban aborigine system of power relations." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10912.

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Esta dissertação consiste em uma leitura da Trilogia Wildcat, de Mudrooroo. O foco da leitura recai sobre as Relações de Poder e seu impacto sobre os jovens aborígines urbanos australianos. O corpus de pesquisa é formado pelos romances Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) e Doin Wildcat (1988). O objetivo é analisar os efeitos das estratégias de poder em indivíduos pós-coloniais que são sujeitos a e fazem uso de mecanismos de poder ao estabelecerem relacionamentos tanto com seus pares quanto com pessoas que representam autoridade. A discussão das relações de poder, de seus mecanismos e efeitos se dá no terreno do discurso literário, através da análise das escolhas e estratégias do autor quanto à formatação dos três romances que operam, simultaneamente, como obras de arte, como estratégias políticas de sobrevivência e como estudos reflexivos sobre o processo da escrita literária. Wildcat é o protagonista, bem como autor e narrador nos textos da Trilogia. Ele é também um representante do povo aborígine australiano urbano e jovem na luta pela sobrevivência em uma sociedade na qual eles foram assimilados, mas não realmente aceitos. O texto de Mudrooroo versa sobre história, cultura, luta pela sobrevivência, mas trata principalmente sobre a escrita do texto literário e o papel da literatura aborígine. Para contemplar um construto tão complexo, minha leitura busca a combinação de literatura, cultura e pensamento pós-colonial. O suporte teórico do trabalho está apoiado nas idéias de Michel Foucault sobre poder e discurso, bem como na visão de Mudrooroo sobre a escrita literária aborígine, e também sobre a noção do exótico pós-colonial de Graham Huggan. Minha análise pretende alcançar a compreensão dos mecanismos de poder que povos e indivíduos assujeitados podem colocar em uso quando têm como objetivo serem ouvidos e respeitados pelas pessoas que os vêem como “outros” e que são maioria nas sociedades nas quais vivem. A conclusão indica que relações de poder firmemente estabelecidas são de crucial importância para a sobrevivência dos povos aborígines, e que a literatura é um dos melhores meios para alcançar esta finalidade, não só para garantir sobrevivência, mas também para representá-la.
This thesis consists of a reading of Mudrooroo’s Wildcat Trilogy, focusing on the issue of Power Relations and their impact on Young Urban Australian Aborigines. The corpus of the research comprises the novels Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) and Doin Wildcat (1988). The purpose is to examine the effects of power strategies on postcolonial individuals who are subjected to and make use of mechanisms of power when establishing relationships with both their peers and other people representing authority. This discussion is carried out from within the realm of literary discourse, through the analysis of Mudrooroo’s choices and strategies in the shaping of these three novels that operate, simultaneously, as pieces of art, as political strategies of survival, and as self-reflexive studies about the process of writing. Wildcat is protagonist, author and narrator in the Trilogy. He is also a representative of the young urban Australian Aboriginal people’s struggle to survive within a society into which they have been assimilated, but not actually accepted. Mudrooroo’s text is about history, culture, struggle for survival, but it is mainly about writing and the role of Aboriginal Literature. In order to contemplate such a complex construct, my reading aims at combining postcolonial, cultural and literary concerns. The theoretical support of the work rests upon Michel Foucault’s ideas about Power and Discourse, as well as upon Mudrooroo’s views on Aboriginal Writing, and Graham Huggan’s notion of the Post-Colonial Exotic. My analysis intends to reach the understanding of the mechanisms of power that subjected peoples and individuals may put to use in order to be heard and respected by the people who see them as “Others” and are now majority in the societies they live within. Therefore, the conclusion indicates that firmly established Power Relations are central to Aboriginal people’s survival, and that Literature is one of the best means to achieve – as well as represent – it.

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Redmond, Jacqueline A. "Planning, trading and competitive issues arising within the U.K. privatised power industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319982.

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Lukamba, Muhiya Jean-Marc. "Evaluating power trading in selected countries of the Southern African development community." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1682.

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Thesis (DTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008
The research explores an evaluation of cross-border electricity trading among countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Understanding this trading achieve through an analysis of various global electricity markets. The research disclose that in the electricity markets in Europe, North America, South America and Asia analysed in this thesis, none managed to successful eliminate power shortages. Their situation, however, is different from that of the Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPP). The apparent poor design of the SAPP as a regional power pool impacts negatively on power trading within its region. A strategic public management model was used to analyse the organisational dynamics of the electricity companies of the three countries selected for this research (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa and Zimbabwe). A Strength Weakness Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis carried out on these markets indicated that there are problems among different electricity companies, each requiring a solution. Each country's evaluation highlighted a need for an accountable government to implement a goal-directed policy to militate against any dysfunctional operations by the electricity companies. The quantitative and qualitative data analyses of the fieldwork results showed the SAPP had struggled hard to increase the capacity of members' power trading. The study indicated internal problems in terms of increasing trading volumes. The time series analysis showed power trading in the short-term electricity market had decreased annually. Linear regression analysis also indicated a decline in the capacity of the SAPP. A number of factors could explain the reduction of capacity in the SAPP, but the research results suggested a strong probability that electricity capacity would decrease further, as the countries, trading in the power pool have experienced decreased electricity volume annually because of internal demand. In addition to a number of. recommendations, the research proposes a normative model that could be used by nations to manage and assess the electricity market. An understanding of the input as adapted from Easton inpuUoutput normative 11 transformational systems model, in terms of different governments, should assist policy-makers to transform the power trading generating distribution industry. Global experience shows the need to establish a normative transformation of the electricity industry in the SADC region. It is clear from the results of this study that the SADC electricity markets have been poorly transformed in terms of a particular normative guideline. The situation has also disadvantaged the SAPP, which, in recent times, had less electricity capacity with which to trade. Implementation of the normative model in the context of this study sought to analyse all aspects that might influence the transformation of the electricity sector, and to grow a currently dysfunctional state to that of functionality and reliability. While each country faced its own reality in terms of the transformation of its public enterprises, the study recommends the normative model be implemented in the same way in each selected country.

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Hughes, Sarah. "A customer-focussed methodology for computer-aided engineering of automotive power train systems : innovation report." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439588.

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Golestanifar, Hamed. "Damping of electromechanical oscillations in wide-area power systems such as the Trans-Canadian grid." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95128.

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This thesis presents two methods to damp electromechanical oscillations in large power systems such as Trans-Canadian grid. A control method, used in conjunction with Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS), is proposed to damp very low frequency inter-area modes of very large systems. This Global PSS requires knowledge of the eigenvectors of the targeted modes, and only a limited number of power stations are involved in its feedback loop. It does not destabilize other modes, and its robustness is assured. Besides mathematical proof, a series of simulations are conducted to validate the claims of the proposed Global PSS. The second solution is based on fast controllability of Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) connecting Renewable technologies to the power system. In this method, their injected Active and Reactive powers are modulated to improve power system damping. Mathematical formulations are developed to study the effectiveness of damping in relation to injection point along the transmission line. Taking nonlinearity, due to limit on active/reactive output power, into account, trade-offs of feedback gain constants with respect to saturation limits are studied. Phase-plane diagrams give clear picture of this nonlinearity, and simulation results confirm how high damping can be secured.
Cette thèse présente deux méthodes pour amortir les oscillations électromécaniques dans les grands réseaux électriques tel que le réseau transcanadien. Une méthode de contrôle, utilisé avec un système étendu de measures (Wide Area Measurement System), est proposée pour amortir de très basses fréquences intermodes des très grands réseaux. Ce PSS global exige la connaissance des vecteurs propres des modes ciblés, et seulement un nombre limité de stations d'alimentation sont impliquées dans la boucle de rétroaction. Il ne déstabilise pas les autres modes, et sa robustesse est assurée. En plus de preuves mathématiques, des simulations sont effectuées pour valider les affirmations du PSS global proposé. La deuxième solution est basée sur la contrôlabilité rapide des convertisseurs à source de tension (Voltage Source Converter) reliant les technologies à énergie renouvelable aux réseaux électriques. Dans cette méthode, l'injection de puissance active et réactive est modulée pour améliorer l'amortissement du réseau électrique. Des formulations mathématiques sont développées pour étudier l'efficacité de l'amortissement en lien avec les points d'injections le long des lignes de transmission. En prenant compte des non-linéarités, causées par la limite d'injection de puissance active/réactive, les compromis pour les gains de rétroaction en rapport avec les limites de saturations sont étudiés. Des diagrammes de plan de phase donnent une illustration claire de cette non-linéarité et des résultats de simulations confirment comment un amortissement élevé peut être sécurisé.

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Heuer, Georg. "Development of an operation strategy for electrified auxiliaries in the power train of conventional vehicles." Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2017. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32081.

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In today's versatile requirements for reducing fuel consumption, a lot of different approaches are in development like hybridization, reducing the amount of cylinders with the same power as before or operating point-independent components and auxiliaries. Within this thesis, one of the approaches is shown: electrified auxiliaries including an operation strategy. Replacing conventional auxiliaries with electrified ones, the need of more electrical power becomes bigger. Due to the limits within the 12V power net, the 48V approach is the logical conclusion in terms of cost benefit and availability of the needed resources to use the electrified components. The 48V power net introduces new or modified parts to the vehicle including a new power net topology. Fuzzy logic was chosen to control the auxiliaries, because of the number of input variables, the flexibility of using it for different cars and being robust during the usage. The results showed a significant improvement of fuel consumption with the developed control strategy for the selected power net topology. This improvement was evident in all cycles, which were discussed within this thesis. In this thesis a new approach for reducing fuel consumption was shown, which includes several electrified auxiliaries and the operation strategy to control them within the vehicle during different cycles. The necessary models for the approach were developed including the auxiliaries, the controller and the needed parts for the power net.
In der heutigen Zeit mit den steigenden Ansprüchen zur Reduzierung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs sind viele verschiedene Ansätze und Technologien in der Entwicklung, wie zum Beispiel Hybridisierung, Zylinderreduktion mit der gleichen Leistungsausbeute wie zuvor oder auch vom Verbrennungsmotor unabhängigen Komponenten und Nebenaggregaten. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wurde einer dieser Ansätze näher erläutert: elektrifizierte Nebenaggregate inklusive einer Betriebsstrategie. Durch den Austausch der konventionellen Nebenaggregate mit den elektrifizierten Nebenaggregaten steigt der Bedarf an mehr elektrischer Leistung. Durch die Limitierungen im 12V Bordnetz, ist der 48V Ansatz der nächste logische Schritt hinsichtlich des Kosten/Nutzen-Verhältnis und der Ressourcenverfügbarkeit für die Nutzung der elektrifizierten Komponenten. Das 48V Bordnetz benötigt neue bzw. modifizierte Komponenten inclusive einer neuen Bordnetztopologie. Fuzzy-Logik wurde zur Regelung der Nebenaggregate ausgewählt. Grund hierfür waren: Anzahl an Eingangsvariablen, Flexibilität in der Übertragung auf andere Fahrzeuge und dem robusten Verhalten in der Anwendung. Die Ergebnisse zeigten ein signifikantes Einsparpotential durch die Verwendung der entwickelten Betriebsstrategie für die ausgewählte Bordnetztopologie. Die Einsparung war in allen diskutierten Zyklen deutlich zu sehen. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein neuer Ansatz zur Verbrauchsreduktion gezeigt inklusive elektrifizierter Nebenaggregate und der benötigten Betriebsstrategie, um diese im Fahrzeug in verschiedenen Zyklen zu steuern. Die benötigten Modelle wurden entwickelt, wie zum Beispiel die Nebenaggregate, der Regler und den Bordnetzkomponenten.

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Li, Liang. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of CO2 trans-critical power cycles and R245fa organic Rankine cycles for low-grade heat to power energy conversion." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14766.

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Globally, there are vast amounts of low-grade heat sources from industrial waste and renewables that can be converted into electricity through advanced thermodynamic power cycles and appropriate working fluids. In this thesis, experimental research was conducted to investigate the performance of a small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system under different operating conditions. The experimental setup consisted of typical ORC system components, such as a turboexpander with a high speed generator, a scroll expander, a finned-tube condenser, an ORC pump, a plate evaporator and a shell and tube evaporator. R245fa was selected as the working fluid, on account of its appropriate thermophysical properties for the ORC system and its low ozone depletion potential (ODP). The test rig was fully instrumented and extensive experiments carried out to examine the influences of several important parameters, including heat source temperature, ORC pump speed, heat sink flow velocity, different evaporators and with or without a recuperator on overall R245fa ORC performances. In addition, in terms of the working fluid’s environmental impact, temperature match of the cycle heat processes and system compactness, CO2 transcritical power cycles (T-CO2) were deemed more applicable for converting low-grade heat to power. However, the system thermal efficiency of T-CO2 requires further improvement. Subsequently, a test rig of a small-scale power generation system with T-CO2 power cycles was developed with essential components connected; these included a plate CO2 supercritical heater, a CO2 transcritical turbine, a plate recuperator, an air-cooled finned-tube CO2 condenser and a CO2 liquid pump. Various preliminary test results from the system measurements are demonstrated in this thesis. At the end, a theoretical study was conducted to investigate and compare the performance of T-CO2 and R245fa ORCs using low-grade thermal energy to produce useful shaft or electrical power. The thermodynamic models of both cycles were developed and applied to calculate and compare the cycle thermal and exergy efficiencies at different operating conditions and control strategies. In this thesis, the main results showed that the thermal efficiency of the tested ORC system could be improved with an increased heat source temperature in the system with or without recuperator. When the heat source temperature increased from 145 oC to 155 oC for the system without recuperator, the percentage increase rates of turbine power output and system thermal efficiency were 13.6% and 14% respectively while when the temperature increased from 154 oC to 166 oC for the system with recuperator, the percentage increase rates were 31.2% and 61.97% respectively. In addition, the ORC with recuperator required a relative higher heat source temperature, which is comparable to a system without recuperator. On the other hand, at constant heat source temperatures, the working fluid pump speed could be optimised to maximise system thermal efficiency for ORC both with and without recuperator. The pressure ratio is a key factor impacting the efficiencies and power generation of the turbine and scroll expander. Maximum electrical power outputs of 1556.24W and 750W of the scroll expander and turbine were observed at pressure ratio points of 3.3 and 2.57 respectively. For the T-CO2 system, the main results showing that the CO2 mass flow rate could be directly controlled by varying the CO2 liquid pump speeds. The CO2 pressures at the turbine inlet and outlet and turbine power generation all increased with higher CO2 mass flow rates. When CO2 mass flow rate increased from 0.2 kg/s to 0.26kg/s, the maximum percentage increase rates of measured turbine power generation was 116.9%. However, the heat source flow rate was found to have almost negligible impact on system performance. When the thermal oil flow rate increased from 0.364kg/s to 0.463kg/s, the maximum percentage increase rate of measured turbine power generation was only 14.8%. For the thermodynamic analysis, with the same operating conditions and heat transfer assumptions, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of R245fa ORCs are both slightly higher than those of T-CO2. However, the efficiencies of both cycles can be enhanced by installing a recuperator at under specific operating conditions. The experiment and simulation results can thus inform further design and operation optimisations of both the systems and their components.

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Kim, Tae-Kyung. "Dynamic analysis of sulfur dioxide monthly emissions in U.S. power plants." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086195964.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 218 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Jean Michael Guldmann, City and Regional Planning Graduate Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-133).

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Chen, Renjie. "Using PPP deviations as a trading rule : an indirect joint test of PPP and foreign exchange market efficiency." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42010.

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In this thesis an international investment filter rule is used to test both the tendency for Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) to hold in the long run and the hypothesis of foreign exchange market efficiency for the four most actively traded currencies in the world vis-a-vis the United States dollar: the British pound, the Japanese yen, the Germany mark, and the Canadian dollar. One way to examine whether there is a tendency for PPP to hold in the long run and whether the foreign exchange market is efficient, is to place more money in the 'undervalued' currency according to PPP deviations or to invest according to PPP deviations, putting more money into interest bearing securities in the 'undervalued' currency, the more this currency is undervalued. The return can then be compared with a reference rule which does not use this filter, but instead puts an equal value of money into the currencies or the securities of each country. This thesis has produced three results. First, using the PPP filter in the exchange money market yields no significantly abnormal rate of return compared with the reference rule. The result suggests that we can not reject the hypothesis that the tendency for PPP to hold in the long run does not exist. Second, using the PPP filter to invest in securities also yields no significantly higher rate of return compared with the reference rule. And third, when comparing the domestic (or foreign) interest rates with the rates of return for the domestic (or foreign) investor who uses the PPP filter, there is no significant difference between these rates in the long run. The last two results suggest that we can not reject the hypothesis that the foreign exchange-market is efficient.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate

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Sàágua, João Guilherme Martins Borges. "Exploring the predictive power of Google searches over the US stock market." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11694.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This paper takes search intensity for stock tickers in Google (SVI) as a direct measure of retail investor attention and assesses whether it holds predictive power over short-term market outcomes. In a sample of the most representative US stocks, during the period 2005 – 2008, I provide evidence that (1) surges of investor attention forecast higher stock liquidity and volatility; (2) depending severely on what is considered an abnormal level of SVI, retail investor attention can also be priced; and (3) SVI does not relate to firm-specific features, such as size and value. Furthermore, I extend the investigation to the aggregate market level, finding that investor attention to the market index predicts greater market liquidity, volatility and return.

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Adams, Jewel Darlene. "The Relationship of Managers' Power Motivations to Personality Pathology." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1333.

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Research has shown that managerial leaders have a higher motivational need for power than those in other positions. A leader's personality traits have been shown to affect organizational performance. Leaders who score high in dark traits (undesirable personality attributes shown to predict career derailment across organizations, levels, and positions) could also be more likely to use company resources for personal gain. There is a paucity of research examining the correlation between managerial dark traits and the need for power. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between managers' dark trait scores as measured by the Hogan Development Survey (HDS), and their motivational need for power as measured by the Hogan Motives, Values, and Preference Inventory (MVPI). The effect of Ambition as measured by the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI) was used as a mediating variable upon dark traits scores and the need for power. The dependent variable in this study was the need for power, and the independent variables were the 11 personality traits measured by the HDS. Participants were managers and executives provided by Hogan Assessments database (N = 500). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the dark traits of those who move against others and their need for power. Ambition had a small effect in mediating the dark trait scores and the need for power. If selection committees could use the HDS and remove candidates with high scores in dark traits that move against others, they could remove many who could be likely to abuse the executive position through a strong need for power. Potentially destructive leaders could be avoided, leadership career derailment could be averted, and even corporate criminal activity might be prevented.

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Marusiak, Jeffrey Alan. "Power train development and testing for a hydrogen fuel cell powered electric hybrid neighborhood electric vehicle." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/24536.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains [64] p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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