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Journal articles on the topic 'Power sector reform'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Maurya, Nagendra Kumar. "Power Sector Reforms and Performance Assessment of Power Sector Utilities of Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120906073.

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A series of power sector reforms were undertaken by the state government aimed at introducing a set of regulatory reforms and at unbundling of what was originally an integrated State Electricity Board. The reforms aimed at segregating production, distribution and regulation functions. Ratification of the Electricity Act 2003 led to a further deepening of the reform process by dismantling monopoly in the power sector. The paper provides an overview of the impact of power sector reforms on the operational and financial performance of the power sector utilities of Uttar Pradesh. Utilising the data obtained from the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. and the Bureau of Public Enterprises, Uttar Pradesh, the paper highlights the status of transmission and distribution losses, aggregate technical and commercial losses, plant load factor, operating and financial performance of the state power utilities of Uttar Pradesh between 2002–2003 and 2015–2016 (the latest point of time for which data is available). In addition to other financial indicators, liquidity, asset management, leverage and profitability ratios have been calculated to analyse the financial performance. The paper concludes that the state power-utilities are yet to cover a long distance to become financially and commercially viable. However, the positive impact of the reform measures has been abundantly visible since the financial year 2012–2013.

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2

Rajan, A. Thillai. "Reforms, Restructuring, and Infrastructure Sector: A Study of Initiatives in Orissa Power Sector." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 25, no. 4 (October 2000): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920000403.

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In 1994, the Government of Orissa initiated power sector reforms and restructuring. The reform programme resulted in vertical unbundling of the state-owned integrated electric utility, corporatization of the resultant entities, and constitution of an autonomous regulatory commission for power sector regulation in the state. One of the key features of the reform programme was the privatization of distribution activity. To make the process successful and obtain more revenues, there was a need for the distribution entities to change the existing culture and approach to management. The Government of Orissa undertook a process of organizational strengthening to develop appropriate organizational structure, systems, and business processes suitable to the new environment. This study describes the various strengthening measures implemented by Grid Corporation of Orissa to make it commercially viable and function effectively in the new environment following power sector reform.

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3

Chauhan, Pradeep S., and Geetanjali Singh. "Economic Efficiency Measurement of Power Sector Reforms in Haryana Using DEA." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 2 (June 2020): 141–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220976022.

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Haryana power sector reforms were initiated as a part of the overall power sector reform process initiated in the country under the supervision of the World Bank. Haryana became the second state in the country that implemented the restructuring process at the state level after Orissa. Enhancing efficiency, productivity and quality are the goals behind these reforms. This article attempts to measure the economic efficiency of the power sector reforms in Haryana. A non-parametric technique—data envelopment analysis (DEA)—is used to measure the economic efficiency in the pre- and post-reform period of power sector reforms. Also, the specification of input and output has been carried out and an input-oriented approach has been selected. the result reveals that the power sector reforms have significantly improved efficiency in input utilisation, but as far as scale efficiency is concerned, the power sector has measurable failures on this front. The power sector in Haryana still operates with inappropriate size of scale. Therefore, a well-calibrated and robust permanent policy needs to be formulated to achieve the objectives of the power sector reforms.

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4

Agbevade, Akpeko, and Desmond Tweneboah Koduah. "The Search for a Result-Oriented Public Sector Reform in Ghana: A Myth or Reality?" Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17628.

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The Article Examined Whether Public Sector Reform In Ghana Is A Myth Or Reality. It Emerged That Since Independence In 1957, Successive Governments Implemented Both Socialist And Market-Oriented Public Sector Reforms; However, None Of These Reforms Yielded The Expected Outcome. Hence, The New Patriotic Party On Winning Political Power Initiated The National Public Sector Reform Strategy. This Reform Aimed At Using The Public Sector As The Catalyst To Stimulate The Private Sector For Job Creation And National Development. The Study Found That The Reform Made Some Gains. However, Excessive Partisanship, Narrow Political Commitment, Donor-Funding, The Time Boundedness Of The Reform And Focus On Only 16 Ministries, Departments And Agencies Militated Against It Success Hence Public Sector Reform Is A Myth In Ghana. The Article Recommends Commitment To The Directive Principles Of State Policy As The Panacea To Effectiveness Of Public Sector Reforms In Ghana.

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5

Baker, G., and F. Ramirez. "Power sector reform-blackouts before policy." IEEE Spectrum 39, no. 5 (May 2002): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.999795.

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6

Totare, Ninad P., and Shubha Pandit. "Power sector reform in Maharashtra, India." Energy Policy 38, no. 11 (November 2010): 7082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.07.027.

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7

Onoma, Ato Kwamena. "Transition Regimes and Security Sector Reforms in Sierra Leone and Liberia." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 656, no. 1 (October 9, 2014): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716214545445.

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Why are some countries more successful at carrying out postconflict reconstruction programs than are others? Sierra Leone and Liberia have similar histories and suffered wars that were intimately linked. When the wars ended, foreign-backed efforts were undertaken to reform the security sector in each country. These reforms were more successful in Sierra Leone than in Liberia. This article argues that the diverging outcomes are explained by the extent to which postconflict regimes reflected the distribution of power on the ground in the two countries. Sierra Leone’s transition regime better reflected the distribution of power among forces on the ground, which led to a consultative approach to framing the reform program. The input of key local actors in policy formulation has made implementation of these reforms less difficult. In Liberia the transition regime was built on a repudiation of local power realities leading to a nonconsultative approach to reform that has severely compromised the implementation of reforms.

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8

Camps-Febrer, Blanca, and Guillem Farrés-Fernández. "Power and the Security Sector." Contemporary Arab Affairs 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2019.121001.

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Following the long trail of critique that emerged from first- and second-generation security sector reform (SSR) programs, this paper introduces a new theoretical framework for the socio-political analysis of the security sector that will enhance the potential for reform and transformation. This introduction to the special issue gathers shared considerations among authors researching the security sector in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and promotes a dialogue for the improvement of the analysis of the sector within its socio-political context. Drawing from Sociology of Power, we aim to provide analytical and theoretical tools in order to develop a new conception of the “security sector,” which differs from what mainstream academia, think tanks, and public policies have traditionally dealt with.

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9

Shahi, R. V. "Power Sector Reform: Key to Economic Growth." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 7, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290300700101.

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Electricity Industry has worked for over 50 years with a set framework of organisation and regulation. The growth till 1990 witnessed a pattern of doubling the capacity in energy decade except in the decade of Nineties. The pace of expansion declined sharply in last ten years. The present status of the Power Sector is far from being satisfactory. Huge transmission and distribution losses coupled with totally improper tariff structure have led to substantial gaps between cost of supply and tariff and much more so between cost of supply and revenue. De-Politiciation of tariff formulation and proper regulation of utilities was considered to be one of the first few essential requirements to set things in order. The Ministry of Power, Government of India has taken a number of important initiatives in the recent past. The Electricity Bill 2001 is perhaps the most important initiative of the Ministry of Power. The steps that have been taken now to bring about reform and restructuring of tariff, removal of imbalances, elimination of gaps between cost of supply and revenue would strengthen the industry commercially and financially.

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10

Rosenzweig, Michael B., Sarah P. Voll, and Carlos Pabon-Agudelo. "Power Sector Reform: Experiences from the Road." Electricity Journal 17, no. 9 (November 2004): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2004.10.002.

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11

ZHANG, Yan. "Accelerating Sustainability by Hydropower Development in China." East Asian Policy 10, no. 04 (October 2018): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930518000375.

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China, with the biggest electricity system, now leads the world on its global share in electricity production and consumption, as well as greenhouse gas emission. However, its incomplete power system reforms left an uncoordinated development between the generator and the grid. Despite intensive investment and construction of power generation infrastructure, the lagging grid reform has become a bottleneck in the sector. The benefits of electricity sector reform, if designed and proceeded carefully, can be substantial.

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12

Palamarchuk, Sergei, and Marcel Lamoureux. "Status of Electric Sector Reform in Russia and the United Kingdom." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 9, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2020070101.

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The restructuring and deregulation of the electric power sector has had a long-term history in many countries. The sector management and government of each country endeavors to apply positive experiences from other countries, taking into account technical and economic conditions and features of their own power sector. The article describes the main characteristics of the power sectors in Russia and the UK, as well as concepts and principles of the power sectors liberalization. The basic benefits of and differences between the reforming policies in both countries are shown. Although some elements of the Russia-UK power sector liberalization experience can hold less comparative value, the analytical comparison of aims and main components of the liberalization process, such as the principles of privatization, structure of property, competition promotion, and regulation practice can enhance policy learning.

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13

Htut, Khaing Phyu, Marie Lall, and Camille Kandiko Howson. "Caught between COVID-19, Coup and Conflict—What Future for Myanmar Higher Education Reforms?" Education Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12020067.

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On 1 February 2021, Myanmar military dictators seized power from the elected government and halted the country’s budding reform process. This article explores how Myanmar’s higher education (HE) sector was affected by the coup and COVID-19 and how this has resulted in societal conflict. The article reviews first the history of military coups, then the education reforms in general and what was done in HE, before discussing the effects of COVID-19 and the coup on the sector. Voices from HE teaching staff show the tension in the role of HE as a vehicle for reform and promulgation of those in power. The article argues that the national vision propagated by Myanmar’s HE sector is juxtaposed to that propagated by the Tatmadaw, both claiming to represent Myanmar’s future. This research highlights the dual forces of the COVID-19 pandemic and military coup at a crucial time for HE reforms in a fragile, conflict-affected state, with the future of the reform goals of equity and equality of the sector at stake.

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14

Oladipo, Kayode, Agbetuyi A. Felix, Owolabi Bango, Obiakor Chukwuemeka, and Fagbuaro Olawale. "Power Sector Reform in Nigeria: Challenges and Solutions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 413 (September 10, 2018): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/413/1/012037.

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15

Voll, Sarah Potts, Michael B. Rosenzweig, and Carlos Pabon-Agudelo. "Power Sector Reform: Is There a Road Forward?" Electricity Journal 19, no. 6 (July 2006): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2006.06.006.

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16

Al-Asaad, Hassan K. "Electricity Power Sector Reform in the GCC Region." Electricity Journal 22, no. 9 (November 2009): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2009.08.013.

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17

Ullah, Kafait, Maarten J. Arentsen, and Jon C. Lovett. "Institutional determinants of power sector reform in Pakistan." Energy Policy 102 (March 2017): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.019.

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18

Meyer, Rene, Anton Eberhard, and Katharine Gratwick. "Uganda's power sector reform: There and back again?" Energy for Sustainable Development 43 (April 2018): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2017.11.001.

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19

Urpelainen, Johannes, and Joonseok Yang. "Global patterns of power sector reform, 1982–2013." Energy Strategy Reviews 23 (January 2019): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2018.12.001.

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20

ALAM, M., E. KABIR, M. RAHMAN, and M. CHOWDHURY. "Power sector reform in Bangladesh: Electricity distribution system." Energy 29, no. 11 (September 2004): 1773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.005.

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21

Wamukonya, Njeri. "Power sector reform in developing countries: mismatched agendas." Energy Policy 31, no. 12 (September 2003): 1273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00187-8.

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22

Dubash, Navroz K. "The public benefits agenda in power sector reform." Energy for Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (June 2001): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60265-3.

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23

DINAR, ARIEL, TRICHUR K. BALAKRISHNAN, and JOSEPH WAMBIA. "Politics of institutional reforms in the water and drainage sector of Pakistan." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 3 (May 19, 2004): 409–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0300127x.

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This paper develops an approach to assess the political risk associated with implementation of institutional reforms in the water sector, while providing insights into the interrelationship of institutional arrangements, power structure, and policy outcome. The analytical approach consists of a two-tier process to assess the institutional feasibility of reform implementation. The first tier is a structured analysis of power distribution among the power groups interested in the outcome of the reform. The second tier is a Delphi process, reflecting the opinions of experts. The approach was applied to the case of the National Drainage Program Project (NDP) in Pakistan, currently in the early stages of implementation. Several hypotheses regarding likely progress were tested, using the feedback provided by a panel of experts in the Delphi process.

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24

Andilile, James, and Saganga Mussa Kapaya. "A Review of the Impact of Reforms on Financial Viability and Sustainability of Tanzania’s Power Sector." Applied Economics and Finance 8, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v8i6.5398.

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In Tanzania, reforms were mooted in the 1990s to solve two intertwined problems; the financing of investment and reducing the fiscal drain on the government to the sector. This study deploys the ARDL Model and paired-sample t-statistic tests, with profitability and liquidity data from 1989 to 2020 to examine the impact of the reforms on sectoral financial condition in Tanzania. The results suggest that both profitability and liquidity did not significantly improve after reforms. Apart from commercialization policy, other variables were not statistically significant with privatization and liberalization law exerting a negative pressure on liquidity. The findings, therefore, appear to contradict the theoretical view that the reforms improve the financial condition of both the sector and the governments. The outcome can be explained by unfinished reforms manifested by continued politicization of the sector hence underpricing and underinvestment. To ensure sectoral financial viability and sustainability we recommend that the reform policies such as commercialization, corporatization, and independent regulation should be prioritized. These findings will add value to policymakers in Tanzania and beyond which are reforming their power sectors by recognizing that efficient pricing and investment are key for a viable and sustainable financial condition of the sector.

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25

TSAI, CHUNG-MIN. "The Political Economy of Restructuring the Electricity Sector in South Korea." Issues & Studies 52, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251116500041.

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South Korea launched electricity reform in the 1990s but had continued to struggle with instituting an effective free market. In order to bolster economic growth, the development of the electricity industry has long been a fundamental issue for the state. The case in Korea is distinctive because it is part of a large-scale privatization project as the political regime had just shifted to democracy. The state spun off and corporatized the state-owned power enterprise with very limited privatization. The Korean government has chosen to control the power companies as the largest shareholder. Nonetheless, the reform process was suspended in 2004 without encountering major problems. This has created a major puzzle for analysts: why did the reform result in this outcome? I argue that as a politically driven reform project, power reform in Korea was destined to fail. The economic and social responses elicited by reform implementation all contributed to the failure of the power reform. This paper describes the dynamics of Korea’s electricity reform and details the industrial restructuring during the reform. It examines the political logic of the reform and how it shaped the power industry and in turn led to a stalled agenda. The paper concludes with a discussion of the broader implications for the roles of the state, industrial policy, and state-business relations.

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26

Peng, Wuyuan. "Coal sector reform and its implications for the power sector in China." Resources Policy 36, no. 1 (March 2011): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2010.06.001.

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27

Andrews-Speed, Philip, Stephen Dow, Aijuan Wang, Jin Mao, and Bin Wei. "Do the Power Sector Reforms in China Reflect the Interests of Consumers?" China Quarterly 158 (June 1999): 430–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000005841.

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China's electrical power industry has been undergoing piecemeal reforms over the last 15 years. Some of these reforms, such as substantial tariff increases, have been deliberate and have been implemented directly by government. Other changes, such as the increased variety of investors, including foreign investors, have been more spontaneous and have resulted in a gradual evolution in the way the industry works. In 1996 the Chinese government announced a more radical package of reform starting with the new Electricity Law which laid the foundations for a degree of competition in power generation, but without wholesale privatization.

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28

Asantewaa, Adwoa, Tooraj Jamasb, and Manuel Llorca. "Electricity Sector Reform Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Parametric Distance Function Approach." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062047.

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Electricity sector reforms have transformed the structure and organization of the sector worldwide. While outcomes of reforms in developed and developing countries have been extensively examined, there is limited analysis of the reforms in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper analyses the performance of electricity sector reforms in 37 SSA countries between 2000 and 2017. We use a stochastic frontier analysis approach to estimate a multi-input multi-output distance function to assess the impact of reform steps and institutional features on indicators of investment and technical efficiency. Results indicate a positive correlation between reforms and installed generation capacity per capita, plant load factor, and technical network losses. The presence of an electricity law, sector regulator, vertical unbundling, and private participation in the management of assets were positively correlated with reform performance. Perceptions of non-violent institutional features such as corruption, regulatory quality and governance effectiveness do not seem to have had a significant effect, but perceptions of political stability, violence, and terrorism influenced reform outcomes. We conclude that a workable reform in SSA involves vertical unbundling with an electricity law, a regulator, and private ownership and management of assets where feasible. However, positive outcomes go hand in hand with higher technical network energy losses which indicates higher investment in the generation segment than in the network segment. Hence, emphasis should be placed on decoupling the energy losses from power generation.

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29

Necoechea-Porras, Pablo David, Asunción López, and Juan Carlos Salazar-Elena. "Deregulation in the Energy Sector and Its Economic Effects on the Power Sector: A Literature Review." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063429.

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Energy reforms play an essential role in technological change as they aim to contribute to an open market: costs reduction, competitiveness, and technology development. This article seeks to assess the impact and effect of reforms on the energy sector. The article’s objective is to evaluate the process of deregulation policies and their micro and macroeconomic effects on the energy sector, and specifically on electricity, by analyzing literature related to electricity reforms. Further, the article intends to explore the impacts of deregulation on power pricing, power market, electricity accessibility, innovation, and competitiveness. Another objective of the article is to analyze the role played by various stakeholders in the deregulation policies, including the government, national entities like states, the private sector, and consumers. The article identified ways to improve the economic impacts of deregulation policies in the energy sector. After a systemic review of specialized articles regarding their theoretical approach, results showed a positive relationship between reform and innovation, competitiveness, opening-up of the market, technology, and price changes. Although deregulation measures aimed to reduce the consumers’ electricity cost, the changes in power prices were achievable only in the long-term and not in the short-term. Additionally, government regulators and stakeholders participated in implementing various measures to ensure that deregulation achieved its primary objective of reducing power prices. Such efforts include developing divestiture policies and implementing rate cuts.

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30

Yakovlev, P. "The Structural Reform of Mexican Energy Industry." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2015): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-3-95-104.

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At present, Mexico makes an ambitious attempt to carry out far-reaching structural reforms. Of key importance is the reform in the energy sector which is the foundation of the national economy. The reform course of the Mexican authorities and the matrix of their political actions deserve scrutiny, since their value transcends national boundaries, reflects problems inherent in many developing countries paving the way in shifting sands of global economic relations. Mexico seeks to seamlessly combine the politics of the energy sector reform with pragmatic interests of transnational corporations willing a broader access to Mexico's oil and gas resources. This is one of international aspects of the energy reform in Mexico. Another one is that using reforms Mexican authorities yearn to strengthen Mexico's geopolitical role, confirm its status of a rising power. Acknowledgement. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation. Project № 14-18-02713.

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31

Migden-Ostrander, Janine L. "Power Sector Reform: Codes of Conduct for the Future." Electricity Journal 28, no. 10 (December 2015): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2015.10.010.

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32

Ahn, Young-Hwan, and Wooyoung Jeon. "Power sector reform and CO2 abatement costs in Korea." Energy Policy 131 (August 2019): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.04.042.

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33

Singh, Anoop. "Power sector reform in India: current issues and prospects." Energy Policy 34, no. 16 (November 2006): 2480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.013.

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34

Singh, Satyajit. "Decentralizing Water Services in India." Asian Survey 54, no. 4 (July 2014): 674–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2014.54.4.674.

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This paper examines decentralized reform initiatives in the Indian rural water sector from a policy perspective as well as from a political perspective focused on institutional design and implementation at the local level. It argues that normative economic prescriptions regarding decentralization are not very useful. The paper finds that the institutional architecture for decentralized reforms is highly contested and requires a better understanding of power and the role of micro-politics in shaping decentralization designs and outcomes. It also suggests that greater devolution in the water sector can lead to greater decentralization and democratization across sectors.

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35

Lock, Reinier. "Financing of private power development and power sector reform in emerging nations." Energy Policy 23, no. 11 (November 1995): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(95)00120-4.

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36

Olusoji, Modinat Olaitan, and Olusegun O. Oloba. "Impact of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the Private Sector: A Case Study of Power Sector." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 4, no. 3 (August 17, 2014): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v4i3.5834.

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The paper examines the impact of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the private sector by looking at the contribution the power sector had made in realizing the goal of making private enterprise the engine of growth in Nigeria. NEEDS reform is to transform the power sector into one led by the private sector, with the role of government restricted primarily in policy formulation and establishment of an appropriate legal and regulatory framework. The paper discusses among many things: an overview of power supply in Nigeria; the effect of power sector on private sectors; challenges of the sector; as well as the ways forward. The paper concludes that there is need to put concerted effort to generate adequate power supply to enable the private sector thrives and serves as engine of growth in Nigeria.

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37

Tukur, Mustafa Adedeji. "Issues and Challenges of Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria: The Political Economy Approach." American Journal of Arts and Human Science 1, no. 2 (August 16, 2022): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v1i2.471.

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The post-colonial status and the formation of the Nigerian state have no doubt, redefined it as a neo-patrimonial, pseudo-capitalist and dependent entity. Its forceful integration into the global capitalist ideological orbit could be predicated on the historical antecedents of its colonial heritage. The rentier nature of its political economy had further broadened the basis of capital accumulation through the enlistment of the Nigerian political class interest. The Nigerian economic crises that persist in varying degrees have equally precipitated a number of reform policies by the successive governments in finding the alternative to the economic crises. One of such is the power sector reform with the critical infrastructural gaps despite the continued interventions over the years. There are quite emerging robust literature to support the engaging debates on the nature and character of the Nigerian pervasive economic crises. This paper, interrogates and historicizes the power sector reform policy and undertakes a careful examination of the implications of the privatization exercise as purportedly implemented under the current reforms and its far-reaching effects amidst the exacerbating social crisis of pervasive poverty and the near-absence of effective regulatory mechanism to curtail the exploitative tendencies against the Nigerian mass of electricity consumers. It is also in the contention of this paper that, the post-privatization era in the power sector is still riddled with a plethora of challenges as mostly crystallized by the poor service delivery and the exploitation of electricity consumers.

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38

Bobde, Sudhir Mahadeo, and Makoto Tanaka. "Structural Reforms and Technical Efficiency in the Indian Electricity Distribution Sector." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 37, no. 02 (March 16, 2020): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595920500049.

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This paper examines the impact of electricity reforms on the technical efficiency of the power distribution sector in India, using state-level panel data for the period 1995–2012. We use a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA), where DEA efficiency estimates obtained in the first stage are regressed on policy reform variables and some external environmental variables in the second-stage analysis. The bootstrap method is applied to analyze the statistical properties of the nonparametric estimates. First, we find that the partially unbundled structure of the electricity industry, where generation and distribution sectors are integrated but the transmission sector is separate, had significant positive impact on the technical efficiency of the distribution sector. Second, our result indicates that the legislation of electricity reforms had a significantly negative effect on technical efficiency. Third, we find that small-sized electricity distribution sectors/states experienced significant positive gain in technical efficiency when interacted with partial or full unbundling.

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Chiara D’Errico, Maria. "Competition in the Italian electricity market: The unforeseen social welfare losses of reform." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (May 2021): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2020-002004.

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The worldwide wave of reforms investing power industry has created new challenges to both supply demand side management. After deregulation, electric utilities restructured their opera-tions from vertically integrated mechanisms to open market systems in order to establish a new competitive sector. Reform has involved also the Italian power sector, but competition, as lar-gely shown by the empirical literature particularly in the first years of reform, has been far to be reached, and the electricity markets has been characterized by conditions of oligopoly and exercise of market power. This paper aims to analyze welfare loss and deviation from the competitive equilibrium recorded in the day ahead Italian electricity market after the first wave of reforms was almost implemented. The study presents a theoretical and empirical model to construct a competitive equilibrium, estimating market power, both, on the supply and demand sides of the day ahead electricity market. Results show the effect of non-competitive equilibriums for the hourly markets in the period 2013-2014. In an ideal competitive market, prices would be lower than historical prices by about 2-5% and quantities would be higher by about 0.5-1%.

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Panda, Aurobinda, and Atul Patel. "Competition Law and Competition Issues Affecting the Energy Sector in India." Journal of Infrastructure Development 3, no. 2 (December 2011): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097493061100300201.

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India faces endemic electrical energy and peaking shortages. The power sector is plagued with mounting commercial losses due to various inefficiencies, colossal commercial and technical losses and increasing subsidy burden on the states. These shortages have had a very detrimental effect on the overall economic growth of the country. In order to revitalise the sector and improve the techno-economic performance, the Government of India initiated the reform process in 1991. This article analyses the pre-reform era and identifies the key concerns which led to the initiation of the reforms. It also analyses the likely impact of the major policy and regulatory initiatives that have been undertaken since 1991 including the provisions of the new enactments which have come into force eventually in the form of the Electricity Act, 2003. This article details out the key features of the Act and its likely impact on the Indian electricity industry in the emerging scenario. The article also discusses major issues like role of the regulator in the new regime, issue of open access, power trading, introduction of power markets and role of the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity in harmonising the orders of the various regulators. JEL Classification: K21, Q43

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Bajpai, Nirupam. "A Decade of Economic Reforms in India: The Unfinished Agenda." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 1, no. 2 (July 2002): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622520020202.

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This paper aims to assess the economic reforms in India undertaken during the 1990s. India has gone through the first decade of her reform process. Hence, an assessment of what has been achieved so far and what remains on the reform agenda is in order. Reforms in the industrial, trade, and financial sectors, among others, have been wide and deep. As a consequence, they have contributed more meaningfully in attaining higher rates of growth. A decade of opening of the economy has produced new dynamism, most dramatically in the information technology sector, but in others as well. The new technologies (especially information technology and biotechnology) give new opportunities for economic and social development. It is necessary to move swiftly to complete many of the reforms, which are now underway. Examples of such continuing reforms are the reduction in protection levels, continuing reforms in banking sector, product de-reservation for the small-scale industry, decontrol of prices, such as petroleum, reform of the power sector and so on. Among other things, sustaining higher rates of economic growth would require a more vigorous pursuit of economic reforms at both the federal and state levels. Significant reduction of fiscal deficit is the first order of business. Unless substantial fiscal consolidation is achieved, in our view, continued fiscal deficits pose India's greatest risk to future destabilization. Other critical reforms include, labor laws, exit policy, privatisation of state-owned enterprises, further opening-up of the economy to trade and foreign direct investment. In addition, there is a vast amount of economic reform that can be carried out to improve conditions in rural India, especially in the Gangetic valley. The reforms implemented so far have helped India attain 6 plus percent growth, however, should India be able to implement the remaining reforms and re-orient governmental spending away from inessential expenditures towards high priority areas of health and education and infrastructure development, then it is very likely to attain and sustain even higher rates of economic growth.

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Farrés-Fernández, Guillem. "Security Sector Reform and the Competition for Power in Lebanon." Contemporary Arab Affairs 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2019.121003.

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The interest of the Lebanese elites who launched the security sector reform (SSR) process was in to regain control and influence over the security sector more than to create independent institutions respectful of human rights. At a time of deep social and political crisis, not only had these actors lost their previous influence on the security sector but also this sector had become a source of power, largely in the hands of their political opponents, and was being used against them. This case illustrates how power competition between elites can disrupt the process of SSR, or even be the very origin of the conception of SSR programs.

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Song, Xiaohua, Caiping Zhao, Jingjing Han, Qi Zhang, Jinpeng Liu, and Yuanying Chi. "Measurement and Influencing Factors Research of the Energy and Power Efficiency in China: Based on the Supply-Side Structural Reform Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093879.

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China’s supply-side structural reforms are facing bottlenecks in the energy and power sector, and improving energy and power efficiency and advancing reforms are urgent. To promote sustainable development, based on panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2017, this paper uses the super-efficiency DEA method to measure energy and power efficiency; explores the trend of energy and power efficiency changes before and after reform; uses the Tobit model to identify key efficiency factors; and provides policy recommendations to achieve reform goals. The research shows that China’s efficiency level takes the supply-side structural reform as the turning point and presents a volatile upward trend; from the situation of the country, technological progress, the economic development level, and the opening up level are positively correlated with the energy and power efficiency, among which the correlation coefficient between technological progress and efficiency is the highest. The study can offer a reference for the sustainable comprehensive utilization of China’s energy and power, and provide empirical evidence for other countries to improve the energy and power efficiency from the perspectives of theory and policies.

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Czarniawska-Joerges, Barbara. "The Wonderland of Public Administration Reforms." Organization Studies 10, no. 4 (October 1989): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084068901000404.

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The students of public sector organizations are often surprised by the phenomenon of repetitive, costly and inconclusive reforms, which seem to be an unavoidable part of the public sector landscape. One possible reaction to it is to make a rationalistic critique and then to issue recommendations for improvement. An alternative is to look for a different perspective in analyzing functions of reform. A study of Sub-municipal Committee reform in Swedish municipalities is analyzed in terms of a symbolic accomplishment. In the light of the results, it is somewhat doubtful whether so-called reforms change organizational forms, but they do help to re-shuffle power, achieve a renewed legitimacy, re-socialize organization members and, in general, introduce variety into routines of organizational life.

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Dornan, Matthew. "Reform despite politics? The political economy of power sector reform in Fiji, 1996–2013." Energy Policy 67 (April 2014): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.070.

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Qi, Hao. "“Distribution According to Work”: An Historical Analysis of the Incentive System in China’s State-Owned Sector." Review of Radical Political Economics 50, no. 2 (November 9, 2017): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613416675620.

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This article analyzes the role of the incentive system in driving China’s economic transition. The reform of the incentive system during the late 1970s and early 1980s led to the abuse of material incentives. Changes in the incentive system led to recurrent inflation and squeezed profits. The state thus launched a series of reforms that commoditized labor power and divided cadres from workers, substantially weakening workers’ power and promoting China’s economic transition.

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Amakom, Uzochukwu, and Collins Nwogwugwu. "FINANCING ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: Analysis of Impact on the Electricity Sector." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 02, no. 03 (April 11, 2012): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20120203a06.

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Funding provisions by policy makers are usually for two main purposes including poverty and inequality reduction as well as improvement of the situation for private sector growth. Nigeria returned to civilian rule in 1999 and has since been pursuing private sector-led growth and development and one of the sectors constituting the focus of the federal government is the energy sector especially the electricity sub-sector. This study analysed federal government spending on the energy sector with special emphasis on the electricity sub-sector to see how this spending has impacted on production, transmission and distribution of electricity using descriptive statistics. The study found that despite the significant reforms and increase in spending in the sector, the outcome in terms of its reflection on production, transmission and distribution of electricity is far from the realisation of the reform objectives. The country lags behind other countries like Libya, Kenya and Ghana in per capita power production and consumption and this lack of access to electric power, and modern energy in general has a negative effect on productivity and has limited the economic opportunities available to Nigeria. The study recommended going back to the NEEDS policy thrust and targets in the power sector and must pay attention to the environmental consequences of various options for enhancing the provision of energy services.

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Idowu, Samuel S., Jide Ibietan, and Ayo Olukotun. "NIGERIA’S ELECTRICITY POWER SECTOR REFORM: AN APPRAISAL OF UNRESOLVED ISSUES." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 9, no. 6 (October 1, 2019): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8232.

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Onyi-Ogelle, Helen Obioma. "The implications of legal reform in the Nigeria power sector." African Research Review 10, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v10i3.18.

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Girma, Zelalem. "Success, Gaps and Challenges of Power Sector Reform in Ethiopia." American Journal of Modern Energy 6, no. 1 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20200601.15.

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