Academic literature on the topic 'Power resources – government policy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Power resources – government policy"
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Byambasuren, Tsenguunjav, Avralt-Od Purevjav, and Erdenetungalag Erdenekhuyag. "Economic Impacts of the Government Investment Policy." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 1 (2015): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015010104.
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The abundant natural resources can bring either positive or negative impact to the country's economy depending on the macroeconomic policies. Mongolia has massive mineral resource dominated by coal, copper, and gold. The Government of Mongolia has started to implement a number of infrastructure projects to decrease the mining project's cost burden caused from the country's weak infrastructure. This paper aims to assess the economic impact of the government investment policy towards the mining sector. In order to investigate the alternative options of the government investment policy, it uses a simulation analysis using the Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model which is developed for Mongolian economy. In the empirical analysis, this paper considers following two policy scenarios: Power plant and Copper refinery. The results suggest that both the policy scenarios have positive impact on the domestic economy, of which making the investment to power plant is the better option for the policy makers.
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Hariri, Achmad, and Samsul Arifin. "ANALYSIS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICY MODELS IN PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN THE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT SECTOR." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 8, no. 2 (2023): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.33760/jch.v8i2.649.
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A research problem is related to the number of corruption crimes that occur in a village government sector, especially with the issuance of Law number 6 of 2014 concerning villages (Village Law), in the mandate of the law village governments with the principles of recognition and subsidiarity are given the authority to manage village funds allocation. From the broad authority owned by the village, it has the potential to be misappropriated due to many factors that includes human resources factors of the village apparatus, political factors and also the existence of power relations. The research purpose determined the regional government policy model in an effort to prevent corruption in the village government sector which was a model for local government policies. Therefore, the corruption in the village is increasingly suppressed. While this research method used empirical juridical research methods, the empirical approach sees law as a social, cultural reality or das sein. Since the primary data used were obtained directly from Bangkalan in this research. The result showed that the local governments had the obligation to supervise village governments as article 115 of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning the villages. It stated that districts / cities have a vital role, namely supervising village governments. Moreover, the minister of home affairs regulation number 113 of 2014 concerning village financial management explained that the government provinces are required to foster and supervise the provision and distribution of village funds, allocation of village funds, and revenue sharing of local taxes and levies from districts/cities. The potential for misappropriation of village government governance is caused by many factors, including human resources of village apparatus, political factors and also the existence of power relations. The policy model of the Bangkalan Regency Regional Government in an effort to reduce the misappropriation of power, especially the criminal act of corruption committed by thevillage apparatus, is still minimal.
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WOLL, CORNELIA. "Leading the Dance? Power and Political Resources of Business Lobbyists." Journal of Public Policy 27, no. 1 (2007): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x07000633.
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Studies of lobbying try to determine the influence and power of non-governmental actors on public policy. Although influence is very difficult to measure empirically, many continue to push for better research design to solve the problem. Through case studies of business-government relations in the United States and the European Union, this article argues that the difficulties with power and influence concern not only their operationalisation, but they also reflect conceptual confusions. Trying to determine the ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ of a policy issue can be misleading, since power also structures apparently harmonious exchange relationships. The perceived success of business lobbying in the cases studied depended on the governments' receptiveness to their demands, which in turn depended on strategic advantages they saw for themselves in international negotiations. Even when business appears to lead the dance, it is more promising to look at resource distribution and the interdependence of both sides, instead of assuming the domination of business power over policy outcomes.
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Rafig Asgarov, Sirus. "China's Energy Policy in Africa." SCIENTIFIC WORK 61, no. 12 (2020): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/61/179-183.
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China's interest in Sub-Saharan Africa, which can be summarized within the framework of 2 main objectives as the acquisition of fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, which are needed as a result of rapidly increasing production, as well as the marketing and supply of products obtained as a result of production, was first carried out with Angola, which has a very rich position in terms of oil. started as a result of contacts. Within the framework of the agreements made between the Chinese government and the Angolan government, which was selected as the pilot country in the opening towards the region, the long-term transfer of the oil extracted in Angola to China was ensured; In return for this sale, China made dams, power plants, electricity transmission, and distribution lines and various transportation infrastructure investments in the region. Key words: Africa, China, energy, resource, policy
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Gerber, Brian J., David B. Cohen, and Kendra B. Stewart. "U.S. Cities and Homeland Security: Examining the Role of Financial Conditions and Administrative Capacity in Municipal Preparedness Efforts." Public Finance and Management 7, no. 2 (2007): 153–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210700700203.
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In this paper we address a question fundamental to understanding the potential effectiveness of homeland security policy across the U.S. federal system: what explains homeland security preparedness efforts at the municipal government level? Using data gathered from a nationwide survey of municipal officials, we examine the effects of city governments’ financial and administrative resources, along with measures of broader policy context, on several attitudinal and behavioral indicators of homeland security preparedness. We find that administrative resources have consistent and relatively robust explanatory power and we lay out several policy implications from the analyses presented.
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Biryomumeisho, Stephen, Johnson Ocan, and Francis Akena Adyanga. "Factors Influencing Recentralization of Local Government Functions in Uganda." International Journal of Geopolitics and Governance 3, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijgg.3.1.1688.
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The decentralisation system of governance is perceived as one of the recent public sector reforms to improve service delivery in Uganda. It is the transfer of authority from Central to Local Governments to execute their duties to improve service delivery. Various developing countries have praised Uganda’s decentralisation policy regarding the magnitude of the transfer of authority to the local level. However, since 2003, the Central Government started reversing the policy in terms of : recentralization of the appointment of Chief Administrative Officers and Municipal Town Clerks and of recent City Town Clerks (for new cities in Uganda) from the District Service Commissions (DSCs) to the Public Service Commission, recentralization of Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) under the management of the Executive Director, Procurement of drugs from the district health office to the National Medical Stores (NMS), recentralization of the payroll and the recent recentralization of local revenue collection from LGs. This paper focuses on the factors influencing the recentralization of Local Government powers in Uganda. This is presumed to be evidence of the demise of decentralisation policy. From the reviewed articles, these factors include: accountability challenges, human resource management crisis, political interference by local authorities and lack of financial discipline among local authorities and fear of local autonomy. The paper concluded that recentralisation of Local Government functions reduced undue influence of local politicians though it accorded excessive powers to executive officers in Local Governments; human resource crisis was mainly caused by poor man power planning. Recentralisation of local revenue caused financial constraints at the local level and recentralisation of KCCA led to the weakening of the opposition but led to increases resources to develop the capital city. The paper recommended that the Parliament should harmonise with the central government on the issue of returning Local revenue collection and management at the local level; give reasonable powers to the local Governments to control top technical leadership; increase funding to Central Government staff to monitor Local Government programs and build the capacity of local leaders to improve service delivery
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Salami, Adeleke. "Taxation, revenue allocation and fiscal federalism in Nigeria: Issues, challenges and policy options." Ekonomski anali 56, no. 189 (2011): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1189027s.
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Taxation is one of the most important and easy sources of revenue to any government, as the government possesses inherent power to impose taxes and levies. Nigeria tax system has been weak due largely to inadequate data of the tax base and heavy reliance on oil revenue. With the volatility in oil prices and excruciating impacts of the recent global financial crisis, taxation deserves more attention now than ever before in Nigeria. One issue that is critical to domestic resource mobilization and utilization is the issue of fiscal federalism. Nigeria operates three tiers of government; Federal, State and Local Governments with separate revenue, expenditure, and assigned responsibilities each. However, all decisions including resources are controlled from the centre and the vertical revenue allocations tilt more towards the direction of federal government, contrary to the tenets of federalism the country is practicing. Both vertical and horizontal revenue in Nigeria is engulfed in controversy. The paper presents key issues, trend and challenges of taxation and fiscal federalism in Nigeria. In addition, the paper highlights a number of suggestions that would stimulate increase in tax revenue and guarantee fiscal assignment acceptable to the federal and sub-national government.
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Weaver, Vesla M., and Amanda Geller. "De-Policing America’s Youth: Disrupting Criminal Justice Policy Feedbacks That Distort Power and Derail Prospects." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 685, no. 1 (2019): 190–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219871899.
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The standard account of policy feedback holds that social policy can be self-reinforcing: policies provide resources that promote economic security and well-being, and they also encourage beneficiaries to engage with government. Criminal justice policies have typically had the opposite effect: they embolden those with interests in a punitive policy agenda, while disempowering those most affected by the policies. This is of particular concern for children and adolescents in race-class subjugated communities (RCS), whose first encounters with government beyond public schooling often come through police contact and carry adverse social and political consequences at a critical developmental stage. In this article, we reimagine youth engagement with the state, arguing for substantial reductions in police surveillance of young people and for the promotion of youth attachment to civic life. We call for an investment in institutions, both state-based and community-based, that reinforce political inclusion and civic belonging.
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Byham, Jack, Viviana Martinez-Gomez, John Kilburn, and Andrew Hilburn. "When Government Is Not the Solution: The Role of Community Organizations in Outreach." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 9, no. 1 (2023): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.9.1.4-27.
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Trust between government entities and the public is critical; without it, communities become paralyzed in their ability to act collectively and for the greater good. Establishing and maintaining this trust, however, can be difficult. The outreach and coproduction performed by the coalition of organizations described in this article provide examples of how to address several interrelated problems of public distrust in the government. When viewed in their proper light, these examples enrich the theoretical understanding of contract failure theory. Rather than take advantage of their advantages in power, governments increasingly leverage the power of reciprocity to accomplish their goals by relying on preexisting community trust in nonprofits. Self-interest well understood is a critical component of this reciprocal relationship: it works best when government secures resources, funding, and access to policy processes, in return for nonprofit resources such as service delivery, political support, buy-in, and legitimacy. In this indirect way, nonprofit coproduction can help to foster perceptions of legitimacy and trust in government.
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Ibrahim, Abdul Halil Hi. "Decentralization and its impact on improving public services." International journal of social sciences 7, no. 2 (2024): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijss.v7n2.2278.
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Decentralization is the process of transferring decision-making power, authority and responsibility from the central government to regional governments or local entities. The process aims to bring government closer to the people, with the hope of improving the efficiency, accountability and responsiveness of public services to the specific needs of local communities. Decentralization is often regarded as a strategy to optimize resources, strengthen local democracy, and encourage active community participation in the policy-making process and its implementation. This study uses the literature research method. The results show that decentralization tends to improve the effectiveness and relevance of public services by empowering local governments to manage the specific needs of local communities. It creates a platform for wider public participation and increased government accountability and transparency. However, the findings also confirm that the negative elements of decentralization cannot be ignored. In particular, decentralization can result in inequalities in services between regions due to differences in resources, as well as pose policy coordination challenges. Lack of local capacity and the potential for increased corruption are significant obstacles to optimizing the benefits of decentralization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Power resources – government policy"
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Payne, Raymond W. "Natural resource development and the role of the state : the case of hydroelectric power planning in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27508.
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This thesis explores the role played by the state at the provincial level in the planning of hydro-electric power development in British Columbia. The electric power industry has been a primary focus for government intervention in the economic affairs of most western industrialized countries. Not only has the structure and scope of the state's regulatory activity in the industry been more extensive than most others, but governments have often gone beyond such regulatory supervision to assume a more direct role in the production of the commodity itself.
In British Columbia, however, the direct entrepreneurial role played by successive provincial governments led to major planning failures. Serious social and environmental costs were ignored in development decisions, economically dubious projects were constructed, and the electric power system as a whole was seriously overbuilt.
This thesis argues that the problems associated with state-directed hydro-electric power development were institutional rather than technical in nature. Two types of institutional factors are shown to have played a key role. First, the scope of power planning has been limited by the role played by the provincial state in the broader political economy of British Columbia. This role has been basically non-interventionist in nature, with the exceptional interventions in economic affairs being associated with the removal of barriers to the private exploitation of the natural resource base. This broad economic role has conflicted with the state's central position as arbiter among opposing societal interests and has biased subsequent government planning activities toward facilitating the supply of electric power rather than evaluating the demand for it. Second, rigidities within the institutions employed by the state to undertake power planning activities inhibited the adaptation of these activities to a changing economic environment. Organized structures were created to implement particular power policy initiatives, and these organizations developed their own set of interests and priorities. Hence, a bias against the re-evaluation of previous policy and planning approaches was created, even in the face of clear evidence of their failings.
In Chapter 2, the conceptual and theoretical groundwork for the study is laid with an examination of four alternative approaches to the economic role of the state in western capitalist societies. The key questions explored are the rationale for state intervention, the choice of policy instruments employed, and the effectiveness of these instruments in undertaking
goal oriented planning.
In Chapter 3, the stage for the analysis of power policy is set with an overview of the economic context of electric power production in British Columbia. This chapter establishes the staple-based nature of the B.C. economy and analyses the changing role played by electric power in this economy.
Chapters 4 through 8 detail the historical evolution of power planning and policy in British Columbia. Chapter 4 documents the predominantly laissez-faire approach to power policy during the pre-World War II period and the gradual emergence of demands for a more active regulatory role by government.
Chapter 5 documents both the implementation of electric power regulation during the 1950s and the emerging policy preoccupation with underwriting the development of British Columbia's large-scale hydro resources. The chapter focuses on the links between this overall role, the creation of a dominant Crown corporation in the power industry, the decision to undertake an economically dubious sequence of hydro development, and the lack of attention given to environmental issues.
In Chapter 6, the focus is on the use of the Crown hydro corporation as an economic policy instrument during the 1960s. The preoccupation with initiating large-scale hydro developments shifted to a concern with producing power at the lowest possible direct cost to the consumer.
Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the shift from power policy to power planning. From the late 1960s through the 1970s, policy making at the provincial level was largely replaced by an institutionalized, formally rational decision making process dominated by technical experts. This shift, by creating a powerful set of established interests within the provincial power utility, gave added momentum to the expansionary power policies of the 1950s and '60s during a period when their underlying justification was being increasingly questioned. Finally, Chapter 8 concludes by examining the re-assertion of regulatory control by the provincial state over the now publicly-owned power industry.
The conclusion summarizes and interprets the evidence presented in Chapters 4 through 8 in light of the theoretical concepts introduced in Chapter 2. The central problem of state involvement in the electric power industry is shown to be the representativeness and adaptability of policy and planning institutions. A number of recommendations are made to overcome the deficiencies identified in the study.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Cunha, Juliano Cavalheiro da. "Reestruturação agroindustrial e mudanças institucionais na rede láctea paulista." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3791.
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Previous issue date: 2005-05-19<br>In a very complex sector like the milk it is important to discuss the Govern action. This
issue has been discussed very hard in all international meetings about trading. In the
Brazilian case its possible to visualize two different periods of Government action, the
regulation and the self-regulation. So, the processes between these periods has caused
different kind of impacts to the actors. Among all the problems created are the exclusion
of milk producers, workers and cooperatives. The main issue of this work are the changes happened in the beginning of ninety years, when the Government stopped regulating the milk sector. Another objective is to describe and analyze the formation of the milk policy network in the São Paulo state considering the institutional environment and the governance structure. The object of analyze is the milk policy network, the unit of analyze is the negotiation among the actors and the variable of analyzes are the
power resources (constitutional, policy, financial, organizational, technological and juridical).<br>No caso brasileiro observam-se claramente dois períodos distintos com relação ao modo de regulação do setor lácteo, a regulação estatal e a auto-regulação. Existe, portanto, um processo de desregulamentação de mercado causando impactos variados a todos os atores do setor, além de conseqüências estruturais significativas. Dentre os problemas observados estão a nova estrutura de oportunidades criada e a exclusão de muitos atores, tais como pecuaristas, cooperativas, trabalhadores, entre outros. O tema central da presente dissertação é a desregulamentação do mercado lácteo nacional, tendo como foco a produção leiteira e as negociações que se desenvolvem no estado de São Paulo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar o processo de formação da rede de poder láctea paulista a partir das negociações dos atores envolvidos, do ambiente institucional
constituído e da estrutura de governança estabelecida. Os recursos de poder
(constitucionais, políticos, financeiros, tecnológicos, organizacionais e jurídicos) foram
identificados nas fontes primárias e secundárias e descritos em ordem cronológica de modo a servirem de base para a análise da formação da rede de poder láctea paulista. A partir dos recursos de poder o presente trabalho buscou entender as mudanças estruturais da rede de poder láctea no estado de São Paulo, fundamentadas nos processos de busca e detenção dos mesmos entre os atores lácteos paulistas. Neste processo de análise, além de evidenciar o processo de formação da rede láctea paulista, foi possível mostrar os aspectos econômicos e políticos mais relevantes da
desregulamentação estatal ocorrida durante a década de 90.
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Hoshiko, Carol Ann. "The Influence of Power Distance on CSR Programs in Hainan China." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1706.
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As China emerges as one of the world's top 5 economies, it attracts more multinational corporations (MNCs) that want to expand there and implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. Despite this emergence, since China entered the World Trade Organization, it has not perceived or welcomed MNCs in the same manner as in the 1970s to 1990s. Further, MNCs have had challenges adapting Western-style CSR programs in China's local communities. There is no widely-accepted multidisciplinary theory that integrates CSR, organizational culture, and culture. Hofstede's theory of cultural relativism classified China as a high power distance country where the population has a strong acceptance of large social differences. The purpose of this case study was to discover the extent to which Hofstede's cultural dimension of power distance impacts MNC CSR programs offered in Hainan, China. Five MNC executives and 1 government sector representative were interviewed, and were reviewed in 5 organizations in Hainan, China. Cross case analyses showed that CSR programs were mutually accepted by the local communities and government. Some local community members, however, did not passively accept what those in higher socioeconomic positions believed about the efficacy and need for CSR programs. Rather, local community and government appeared to collaborate, regardless of the government leaders, who are perceived to have more power and influence. These results can inform policy makers, MNCs, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations about cultural relativity and its impact on MNCs doing business in foreign communities
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Munro, Hugh M. "The impact of national oil companies on the energy security of OECD countries." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186098.
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National oil companies (NOCs) control over 80 percent of world oil reserves and over 50 percent of gas reserves and hold exclusive rights to exploration and development of oil and gas reserves within their home countries. Because of host government involvement and supervision, NOCs may also act as instruments of state, implementing government foreign and domestic policies such as wealth re-distribution through the provision of subsidised oil products, job creation, and economic development. Such activities can lead to restricted availability of funds for finding and developing reserves for future production and to inefficiencies in current production and distribution. This thesis assesses the geopolitical factors that influence the conduct, strategies and priorities of NOCs and how these may impact on the continuing security of energy supplies to countries which are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It will focus on ten NOCs supplying oil to world markets and two which supply gas to the European market. The study will also review the activities and .scope for influence as state instruments of Sovereign Wealth Funds which have been established by states with NOCs, in particular, those which have earned substantial petro-dollar surpluses, during the period of high oil and gas prices of2006-2008. In an age of global interdependence between nations, specific objectives of this thesis are to consider the implications of anticipated growth in world demand for oil and gas supplies over the next 20 years, whether world production capacity is likely to grow to meet increases in world demand, the potential impact on world oil and gas supplies of the policies and practices of NOCs, in particular, the desire of host governments to require NOCs to follow non- commercial objectives, and the responses from OECD countries to threats to their energy security from potential restrictions on supplies.
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Beasley, Claire. "Environmental information : issues of access, policy and information resources management." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268953.
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Kitsou, Olga 1973. "Power generation from geothermal resources : challenges and opportunities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38199.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-79).<br>As we enter the 21st century, increasing concerns about global warming have stimulated an upsurge of interest in the use of non-fossil energy technologies for electricity production. As a result there is an opportunity for expansion of geothermal resource development. This thesis examines power generation technology for two distinct categories of geothermal resources: Hydrothermal and Hot Dry Rock (HDR). The thesis assesses growth opportunities for, and challenges to, the full deployment of geothermal power systems in the electricity market. It analyzes the key impediments that - have and will affect the attractiveness of geothermal technologies, describes policy measures that can be adopted to overcome these impediments, and draws conclusions and recommendations for R&D on geothermal systems.<br>by Olga Kitsou.<br>S.M.
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Abdurahmonov, Ahad. "The role of energy resources in foreign policy behavior of small states a comparative study of Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2065747431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Davis, Peter. "Power-resources and social policy in Bangladesh : a life-history perspective." Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423490.
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This is a study of social welfare and ill-fare in Bangladesh. The overarching thesis can be summarised as follows: Informal forms of social protection playa vital role in protecting the poor in Bangladesh during times of crisis, making the 'welfare regime' in Bangladesh distinct from welfare systems described in social policy studies of welfare states. In order to understand the role of this social protection within the 'welfare regime' of Bangladesh in a holistic way, both macro and micro-level research approaches were followed. The macro-level study provided a landscape view of the range of the more formal and sectored basis of the welfare mix, and macro-trends in welfare outcomes, such as aggregate poverty or inequality. However, a more balanced picture is obtained when the actions and trajectories of poor people are examined at the micro-level. Using life stories to uncover these complex micro-level realities, I examined how particular episodes of crisis, coping and opportunity tend to have disproportionate consequential importance in the life trajectories of poor people in Bangladesh. The research shows that a better understanding of people's own interpretations of their behaviour during these critical episodes would help analysts and policy makers to more clearly recognise causes of impoverishment, the structured violence people face in their everyday lives and the way that formal and informal channels of 'social protection' succeed or fail to mitigate these crises. These patterns are 'structured' because the distribution of 'powerresources' in communities is affected by, and affects, both patterns of crisis and the workings of (formal and informal) social protection. The formulation and analysis of social policy in such contexts can be better informed by exploring the way micro-level social realities are linked to wider social structures. This thesis explores these linkages and aims to inform further research and policy aimed at improving both the formal and informal social protection of the vulnerable in developing contexts.
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Omar, I. H. "Market power, vertical linkages and government policy : The Malaysian fish industry." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382857.
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Watt, Ian James. "The relationship between councillors and officers and the policy process in English local government." Thesis, University of Hull, 1990. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16064.
Full textBooks on the topic "Power resources – government policy"
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Beach, William W. Econometric and policy evaluation of the national energy policy. The Heritage Foundation, 2002.
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Division, Samoa Ministry of Finance Economic Policy and Planning. Samoa national energy policy, 2007. Ministry of Finance, Economic Policy and Planning Division, 2007.
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Massachusetts. Office of Energy Resources. Developing energy resources: A five point plan. Executive Office of Energy Resources, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1988.
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World Institute of Sustainable Energy (India), ed. Power drain: Hidden subsidies to conventional power in India : a WISE research report. World Institute of Sustainable Energy, 2008.
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Programme, United Nations Environment, and United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa., eds. Making Africa's power sector sustainable: An analysis of power sector reforms in Africa. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2007.
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Canada, Oceans Institute of, ed. Oceans policy in the 1990s. Oceans Institute of Canada, 1991.
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Workshop, Power on Demand by 2012-the Role of GIS, GPS, and Remote Sensing in Power Sector (2002 Centre for Spatial Database Management & Solution (Noida, India)). Power on Demand by 2012: The role of GIS, GPS and remote sensing in power sector. CSDMS, All for Geography, 2002.
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He, Gang. Zhongguo neng yuan jia ge tiao kong lun: The theory of China's energy price control. Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Power resources – government policy"
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Szabo, John. "Hydrogen Affairs in Hungary’s Politically Confined Ambition." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59515-8_6.
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AbstractHydrogen is a much-discussed facet of Hungary’s energy transition that has seen little progress in practice but offers an important tool to extend the government’s foreign and energy policy. Policy-making in Hungary is highly centralised and government ambitions have prioritised the continued role of nuclear power, natural gas, and solar photovoltaics. These closely trace foreign policy priorities are well, given that the former two entrench relations with Russia and the latter enhances energy autonomy and allows the country to meet EU climate targets. A hydrogen economy supports such ambitions, while the government has also welcomed EU funds and foreign investment into novel (green) technologies that increase the value added in the economy. Domestic demand offers a secondary, but nonetheless important, push for the uptake of hydrogen, as it is envisioned to play a role in industry and transportation. Hungary’s case shows how pre-existing political economic confines shape the uptake of hydrogen, as governments and other key actors take action while disrupting pre-existing practices to the least extent possible.
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Ramadhan, Ramli, Soetrisno Karim, Micah R. Fisher, Harsanto Mursyid, and Mochamad Indrawan. "Assessing the Governance Modes of Indonesia’s Forest Management Unit." In Environment & Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_9.
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AbstractDiscussions about forestry governance systems in Indonesia have always been an important area of policy and practice given the sector’s outsized role in natural resources management. In recent years, the forest management system has been intimately linked to the concept of a Forest Management Unit (FMU), which was established to conduct scientifically sound forest management practices. FMUs were created in response to the historical failures of rule-based forest management and privatization, which resulted in the emergence of the notion of professional forestry. However, forest governance systems are once again changing as a result of the aftermath of Indonesia’s Job Creation Act (a.k.a. Omnibus Law) and its derivative regulations. In this chapter, we apply a governance approach for assessing anticipated changes in the forestry sector. We understand governance as a process operationalized by actors, powers, and rules. Accordingly, we applied the lens of four governance modes in our analysis, which includes hierarchical governance, closed co-governance, open co-governance, and self-governance. FMUs assist the central government as a facilitating institution and provide a window into understanding ongoing forestry changes. Policy changes indicate that nongovernment actors are gaining increased access to permit-based forest use, thus potentially replacing the envisioned role of FMUs as key actors at the site level. Nevertheless, although forest use is increasingly being entrusted to nongovernment actors, governance will remain hierarchical, wherein the central government serves as the dominant actor enacting regulatory mechanisms and guiding actor interactions and participation. As a result, we show that previous modes of forestry sector governance are likely to endure and deepen in the post-Omnibus era.
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Sansom, Graham, and Su Fei Tan. "Australia." In The Forum of Federations Handbook on Local Government in Federal Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41283-7_3.
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AbstractAustralian local government is characterised by contradictions. There are some 537 elected municipalities, plus a small number of special-purpose entities, divided amongst seven separate systems created by the governments of six states and the Northern Territory. The Australia Capital Territory is a city-state with no separate local government. Municipalities are extremely diverse in terms of their physical size, geography, climate, populations, economies and financial capacity, but within each of the seven systems all operate as a single tier under essentially the same legislation. There are no ‘neighbourhood councils’ or regional municipalities. While they are subject to detailed regulation, close scrutiny and frequent interventions by the state or territory government, all municipalities have some sort of power of general competence. Local government is not recognised in Australia’s federal constitution, yet it enjoys extensive financial, policy and program links with the federal government and has a seat in several high-level inter-government forums. And so on. Overall, local government has limited functions and plays only a minor role in major state and national agendas, but an increasing number of large, well-resourced municipalities offer the potential to do much more. This chapter explores the factors underlying forces at work and considers future prospects.
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Costa, Estela, and Mónica Baptista. "Reframing Schools: What Has Been Learned and Remains in the Post-COVID-19 Period in Portugal." In Schools and Society During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42671-1_8.
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AbstractThis study aims to analyze the policy measures adopted by the Portuguese government after the pandemic and examine teachers’ perspectives on school responses regarding these policy measures. A qualitative and interpretative methodology was used based on an analysis of official and public documents from the Ministry of Education. Interviews were also conducted with 12 teachers from various Portuguese schools. The results show that the policy measures implemented during the first period of confinement continued and were extended into the second period. To respond to the pandemic, various resources were offered to help solve teaching problems, as well as digital training for teachers. Following the pandemic, the strategy was to create a single instrument to bring together a set of initiatives developed during the pandemic. Results showed that these initiatives were positively received by the schools, according to teachers. Furthermore, the COVID-19 crisis inevitably forced schools to try to do things differently. The role of public authorities was essential because of their organizing power with schools. These public authorities adjusted and tailored their determinations and recommendations and selected the solutions they considered best responded to their internal needs. Likewise, schools created local innovations by adapting or creating new solutions.
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Giambartolomei, Gloria, Alex Franklin, and Jana Fried. "Supporting Institutional Transformations: Experimenting with Reflexive and Embodied Cross-Boundary Research." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_16.
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AbstractThe sustainable management of natural resources (SMNR) is concerned with socially and environmentally just decision-making processes around the access to, and the control over, natural resources. However, SMNR is imbued of multiple (and conflictual) intersecting knowledges, practice, expertise and value systems, as well as unequal power relations. This makes achieving meaningful and inclusive collaborative practices far from straightforward, and by no means easy to guarantee. This chapter discusses some evidence from Wales, drawing from a wider cross-boundary doctoral research project (led by the first author) on collaborative forms of SMNR, co-developed by a small transdisciplinary team of academics (the two co-authors) and (cross-divisional) civil servants within Welsh Government. Specifically, this chapter discusses the first author’s experience of transdisciplinary collaboration through the methodological lens provided by blending the Formative Accompanying Research (Freeth, R. (2019). Formative Accompanying Research with Collaborative Interdisciplinary Teams. Doctoral Thesis.) and the Embodied Researcher approach (Horlings et al., 2020). We offer a critical reflection on the first-hand experience of co-experimenting alongside policy actors with alternative and more creative ways of working in the spaces in between the written publication and implementation of SMNR legislation and policy.We explore the role of creative methods such as Theory U (Scharmer, 2018) in further promoting collaborative processes of meaning-making in transdisciplinary research settings, highlighting their contribution towards enabling emotional and embodied ways of working to be forefronted. In so doing, the chapter illustrates the role of emotional labour, vulnerability and energy in such co-experimental work by emphasizing the need for the practicing of care in building relationships of trust and collaboration, especially within the context of just sustainability transformations. We conclude by stressing the importance of dedicating sufficient time and resources to enable a culture of care (Bellacasa, 2017; Tronto, 2013) such that embodied and collaborative ways of working can be more fully supported and understood within governmental institutions.
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Bacharach, Samuel B., Jonathan Reader, and George Rolleston. "Autonomy and Dependence: The Maze of Local Government Revenues." In National Resources and Urban Policy. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003403234-4.
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Holmes, Martin. "Policy reversals and Prime Ministerial power." In The Failure of the Heath Government. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376113_8.
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Aydin, Seda, and Eva Østergaard-Nielsen. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Turkish Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_25.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we examine diaspora policies and social protection in Turkey, an EU candidate country with a significantly large emigrant population in the EU. Turkey’s diaspora engagement has taken various forms in line with the domestic and international developments over the decades. From the early 2000s, the Turkish state has adopted an active approach to diaspora policies, in accordance with its assertive neo-Ottomanist foreign policy (Aydin Y, The new Turkish diaspora policy: its aims, their limits and the challenges for associations of people of Turkish origin and decision-makers in Germany (working paper). Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik-SWP-Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Berlin, 2014; Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). In this period, the Turkish Government has depicted the Turkish diaspora both as a political and economic resource in the transnational policy-making and lobbying procedures, and as a population that needs protection and guidance vis-à-vis host country authorities (Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). This chapter demonstrates that this two-dimensional approach has also been influential in social protection policies addressing Turks abroad. Turkish authorities mostly aim to assist migrants with navigating the welfare system in the receiving countries. This approach is complemented by a strategy of fortifying transnational economic, political and cultural ties with Turks abroad as part of public diplomacy and the attainment of soft power goals. With elements such as child benefits, expansion of the related attaché offices, and educational services for children, family-related benefits constitute the most accentuated social protection policies adopted by the Turkish state. The significance of family in Turkish diaspora social protection policies fits well with the Government’s emphasis on family values as an intrinsic part of its conservative policies.
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Elkin, Stephen L. "Cities Without Power: The Transformation of American Urban Regimes." In National Resources and Urban Policy. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003403234-15.
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Reissert, Bernd. "Effects of Federal and State Grants On Local Government Investment Expenditures in West Germany." In National Resources and Urban Policy. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003403234-9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Power resources – government policy"
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Wadsack, Karin E., and Tom Acker. "Policy Solutions for Increasing Economic Impacts of Wind Development in Arizona." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90434.
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Arizona recently dedicated its first utility-scale wind plant, the 63-MW Dry Lake Wind Project on private, state and BLM land near Holbrook. While Arizona has developable wind resources and some available transmission capacity, wind power development has not taken off in the state, and this is often attributed to policy issues and resource quality. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Western Wind & Solar Integration Study quantified the wind capacity that should be built in Arizona under various wind development scenarios, including all-in-state development, least-cost wind resource across the western electric grid in the inter-mountain west, and a scenario providing some accounting for local economic impacts of wind development. In scenarios in which up to 20% of Arizona’s electrical energy was served by wind resources developed within Arizona, the study found that instate wind development actually resulted in a lower overall system operating cost of energy to state consumers than any other scenario (despite higher capacity factor sites being available outside of Arizona). In addition, the economic impacts of this potential development offer revitalization to many of the rural areas in the state. However, the state lacks coherent policies to attract wind power development and to bolster the services available in rural areas to meet the needs of developers during construction and operation of wind power plants. This study presents and evaluates policy mechanisms for use by the state, county, or tribal governments to increase wind penetration, attract wind development through financial incentives, and increase the local economic impacts of the development once it takes place. Example policies from other states, counties, and tribal governments are evaluated with regard to their appropriateness in Arizona, and suggestions are made for changes to federal policy that would increase the viability and impact of wind development projects on tribal land nationwide.
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Takahashi, Koji, Shinichi Urabe, Shuichi Umeno, Keiji Kozawa, Isao Fukuda, and Takeo Kondo. "Port Logistics Policy of Japanese Government for Strengthening Global Competitiveness of Industry in Case of Ocean Space Utilization." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11226.
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A port logistics is classified into two kinds, a container logistics and a bulk logistics. In the field of a container logistics, a terminal operator pursues large-scale management of its container terminals by global M&A corresponding to the global growth of the container handling number, which resulted in container terminal operators’ oligopolization. In the field of a bulk freight logistics, the private enterprises, which invest in and improve port equipment by themselves, are changing in the direction to reduce number of handling ports and to invest in port equipment intensively corresponding to the vigorous resource demand of the world. The economic activities of the private enterprises are progressing on the basis of the management strategy which differs between “oligopolization” of a container logistics and “selection and concentration” of a bulk freight logistics. On the other hand, since management of ports is the basis supporting a national logistics, each country of the world carries out various public participations, such as a legal support and a financial support. For example, in Japan, although ‘a port authority system’ was brought to Japan almost 60 years ago by U.S.A. and the management right of main ports were transferred to local governments from national government, Japanese government has been taking the lead in implementation of many policies to strength global competitiveness of industry reflecting the flow of global privatization and concession. Recently, many countries have been changing their public participation policies. A country has established the system which increases private investment and reduces public financial support since capital investment remaining power has decreased according to aggravation of the finances of national government and local governments. The other country has established the system which backs up logistics activity with public support. This paper, to utilize ocean space, will show a port logistics policy of Japanese government, particularly the historical flow and the prospective view of the public participation to a port logistics based on the logistics trend of the world.
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Oni, Babatunde. "Addressing the Socio-Economic Concerns of the Niger Delta Host Communities Through Local Content Policy; the Impact of Nigerias Local Participation Policy on Her Investment Climate." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207210-ms.
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Abstract Objective and scope This paper aims to establish that proper resource management and governance within the Nigerian oil and gas industry, more specifically, her local participation policy, which focuses on adequately addressing the social and economic concerns of the host communities in oil producing regions of Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta, will ultimately lead to more secure and sustainable economic development and a more attractive investment climate for Nigeria. Methods Procedure, process This research study will employ an analytical approach, more specifically qualitative analysis, in analyzing the interplay between the various factors which have birthed low oil and gas productivity in the Niger delta region of Nigeria and how proper application of Nigeria's local participation policy can influence the circumstances and yield positive result. The research study will rely heavily on available literature and legislative enactments, as well as available case law on the issues concerned. The primary sources in the collection of materials for this paper will comprise of journals, books, and articles which address the relevant research questions guiding the scope of this paper. Results, Observation, conclusion Nigeria's local content policy, just like many other governmental policies in Nigeria, has been criticized as being vulnerable to corruption as a result of the manifest lack of transparency in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, and local content has already been labelled as a potential victim of capture as a result of this dearth in transparency. It is imperative that the broad discretionary powers granted to the local content monitoring board, and the minister of petroleum by the provisions of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, be utilized in a manner devoid of parochial ethnic sentiments or political interest, in order for Nigeria to properly take advantage of the economic development benefits provided by the proper implementation of local content policy. The long term benefits of local content policy such as technology transfer, long term fiscal incentives, and the growth of local commerce and industry, will go a long way in setting Nigeria on a plain path to sustainable economic growth and better resource management. It is important that the Nigerian government play its role in driving local content policy by facilitating Nigerian enterprises to take active part in the local content programs, as well as keep tabs and monitor the effectiveness of local content policy in achieving its targets. New or additive information to the industry Proper implementation of Local Content policy in Nigeria will be beneficial, not just for the host communities but for the rest of the country, as well as for all investors in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, by providing thousands of employment opportunities for the locals, as well as providing a much needed technology transfer which will result in a structural transformation of not just the local manufacturing industries in Nigeria but the entire Nigerian oil and gas industry as well; thus addressing a major aspect of the social and economic concerns of the local people, and also giving Nigeria's economy a much needed boost towards achieving sustainable development in her natural resources sector.
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Peleckis, Kęstutis, Valentina Peleckienė, Bahman Peyravi, and Edita Leonavičienė. "International business negotiations in a regulated and incomplete information market." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.511.
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Regulations and government interventions often restrict competition in the market and rise cer-tain challenges in business negotiations, when competition in the market is more or less distorted. Remov-ing unnecessary restrains to competition and developing alternatives which still achieve the same policy objectives can bring substantial benefits for negotiation power of market business entities. Competition as-sessment is most effective when business negotiation entities have a clear sufficient information for com-paring options, sufficient resources for conducting an analysis, and sufficient technical skills for perform-ing the analysis. The aim of this article is to analyze in complex the unfolding theory and practice of development and implementation of business negotiating strategies in a regulated and incomplete infor-mation market, to reveal opportunities on development and implementing improvements of these strate-gies. Object of the research is the search of balance on negotiating powers in business negotiations in a regulated and incomplete information market. The scientific problem – negotiation theory lacks measures for assessment and balancing the negotiating powers between negotiation participants in a regulated and incomplete information market.
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Roh, Hyung-Woon, Sang-Ho Suh, Jong-hyun Jung, and SuegYoung Oh. "Development of a High Performance Francis Turbine for Runner Replacement Using a CFD-Based Design System." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31273.
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Recently, Korean Government is encouraging to propagate the small hydro-electric power in renewable energy development policy as the “Low CO2 Green Growth” policy. However, turbines in the Korea Water Resources Corporation (below K-water) operated at an average of 10% less than well-designed turbines due to the design weakness or the inferior manufacturing techniques for the small hydropower facilities. Thus, maintenance fees increased because the cavitations had excessively occurred on the main parts of turbines such as the runner, guide vane and Stator, the life cycles of turbines were reduced and the frequency breakdowns were increased. In order to improve the efficiency the CFD-based design system is applied to the Francis turbine replacement project with Korea Fluid Machinery Association (below KFMA) and K-water. Therefore, the inversed design technique and the fully turbulent 3-dimensional flow simulations are performed for both the existing and new turbines at design and off design conditions. As a result, the runner is optimized to the greatest extent with a possible minimum cost under the geometrical constraints of the existing machine. The performances of the new design are verified by extensive model tests and the guarantees have all been successfully met.
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Davydenko, Nadiia, Svitlana Boiko, Alina Вuriak, and Inna Demianenko. "Development of rural areas through fiscal decentralization." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.010.
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The ratification of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the adoption of the Concept of the Reform of Local Self-Government and the Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine in April, 2014 laid the groundwork for the approval of fiscal decentralization and the creation of fiscal frameworks for the development of rural areas. One of the defining conditions of fiscal decentralization is the provision of the local government with financial resources in an amount sufficient to perform their tasks for development of rural areas. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of rural development of Ukraine in terms of fiscal decentralization, identify the main problems, and present an argument for the directions towards enhancing the positive impact of fiscal decentralization on the social and economic development of rural areas. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of research, in particular: economic and statistical; analysis and synthesis; tabular and graphical. The conducted research has made it possible to establish that the implementation of fiscal decentralization has resulted in greater interest of village council in increasing revenues to local budgets by transferring the right to receive more tax revenues and non-tax revenues, finding contingency local budgets, improving the efficiency of tax administration and fees. The study gives grounds for proposing approaches to increase the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization in the context of rural development, including expanding of the list of taxes and fees in budget revenues of united territorial community (e.g. corporate income tax, personal income tax, environmental tax); improving the mechanism for providing local budgets with inter-budget transfers from the State Budget of Ukraine; optimization of budget expenditures under the condition that a guaranteed and affordable level of public services is provided; increasing the accountability of local governments in order to prevent corruption; involvement of the population in active participation in development policy of rural areas.
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Adedeji, Paul A., Stephen Akinlabi, Nkosinathi Madushele, and Obafemi O. Olatunji. "Latent Dynamics in Siting Onshore Wind Energy Farms: A Case of a Wind Farm in South Africa." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16726.
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Abstract Siting a renewable energy facility entails several latent but influential quantitative and qualitative variables. Empirical and analytical models often fail to unravel the dynamics of these variables however; prior knowledge of their existence and dynamics offers knowledge-based decision-making during the plant siting process. This article examines the significance and dynamics of land ownership, avian environment, and renewable energy policies. Asides the literature survey, review of government policy, and regulations, a semi-structured interview-based method was used in this study using a wind power plant in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as a case study. A qualitative content analysis was used for response analysis. From our findings, dynamics around land ownership could be complex depending on the land category and existing contracts between a landowner and the developer. Also, an in-extensive study of avian habitat in seemingly viable land could lead to forced-downtime of wind turbine generators at periods where production is notably high. Lastly, careful examination of prevailing renewable energy policies and a projection on future policies culminates into the viability of the investment. Trivializing these variables before site development could lead to investment loss through low-productivity or force-majeure in the investment. On the overall, the proposed solutions to these barriers can be useful for wind developers in solving similar problems in other renewable energy resources both in South Africa and other countries.
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Muryati, Dewi, and Dharu Triasih. "Government Policy on Water Resources Management." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2020, July 1st 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-7-2020.2303617.
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Li, Huimin. "Africa Petroleum Fiscal Evolvement and Impacts on Foreign Investment: Illustrations from Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2567973-ms.
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ABSTRACT With plenty of latest discoveries witnessed from East Africa, the petroleum atlas reshaping is expected where some new faces (e.g. Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, etc.) may play emergent roles besides traditional oil countries in Africa. Due to general lack of infrastructure construction and capital investment, it still need some time for large-scale commercial production and the involvement of international oil companies is indispensable in the process. Dramatic price drop has tremendously stricken both governments and international oil companies (IOC) in oil-producing countries since 2014. The effectiveness in which governments and IOCs adjust to this reality will determine the extent and the pace of future development of these countries’ oil sectors. Most IOCs were struggling to cut capital expenditure and control operating cost to survive, and how to maintain and attract investment is regarded as huge challenges by many governments in the downward scenario. Apart from resource factors, petroleum fiscal terms are one of the key factors in the investment decision for IOCs. The attractiveness of fiscal contracts has a fundamental effect on profitability of petroleum projects, and thus an important indicator for evaluating investment feasibility in the country. The paper gives an overview on fiscal transformation in most Africa oil countries, some of them were trying to increase government share in oil profits to support social expenditures, and others have provided fiscal incentives to absorb further investment in the oil sector. It shows that fiscal policies in the countries where national economy relies more on oil revenues are less stable during the past decade. Some upstream projects in Nigeria are illustrated to show the impacts of different contract terms on economic benefits. Thus with new government's coming into power, most IOCs are holding back further investment and expecting negotiation with the authorities for confirmation on fiscal terms applied in their assets to avoid potential contractual risks, like PIB, Side letter, etc. The implications regarding petroleum regime are summarized based on the experience from Nigeria for emerging countries in East Africa, relatively stable fiscal policy with some incentives to encourage exploration activities would be helpful to petroleum industry. Lastly, investment suggestions are presented with priorities to promote business development in the area.
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Putero, Susetyo Hario, Widya Rosita, Fnu Sihana, Haryono Budi Santosa, and Anung Muharini. "The Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Nuclear Engineering Education in Indonesia After Fukushima Accident." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15233.
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Indonesia plans to build the first nuclear power plant (NPP) to solve the country’s energy problems. It needs full skilled human resources in the field of nuclear technology. Department of Engineering Physics, Gadjah Mada University is the only university in Indonesia offering a nuclear engineering curriculum which is established since 1977. The main obstacle of nuclear engineering education development is the unclear government policy. The government postpones its plan several times since the first nuclear research reactor was established in Bandung (1972) due to the presence of anti-nuclear groups, especially after Fukushima accident. This paper would like to describe our experiences in order to response the challenge mentioned above. As an education institution, Gadjah Mada University has a mission to develop science and technology for leveraging the nation competitiveness. According to that goal, the nuclear engineering development has to be independent to the presence of NPP in Indonesia, since many NPP is establishing in the world. As addition, according to the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN), there are 2,825 institutions, including medical institutions, which are currently utilizing radioactive materials in Indonesia. As addition, Indonesia now is playing important role in the radio-pharmacy production, particularly in Asia. So, there are several opportunities as basis for developing the new nuclear engineering curriculum. In the new nuclear engineering curriculum at Gadjah Mada University, student is offered two concentrations named Nuclear Energy System and Medical Physics Technology. The first one is oriented to support the nuclear reactor system development including G4 NPP, research reactor and radioisotopes production reactors. They study how to plan, to operate and to develop from cradle to grove of a nuclear reactor system that means from front-end to back-end. In the other hand, the second one is developed to graduate competence human resources who could apply their knowledge in medical field. They would be a partner of radio-oncologist in hospitals. Besides the hard skills, student’s character has to be educated in order to create their competitive excellences based on safety culture, global and national vision. We believe that the above mentioned hard and soft skills will assist student to survive in today’s global competition, especially in nuclear technology utilization.
Reports on the topic "Power resources – government policy"
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Józsa, Viven. Hallyu as Soft Power : The Success Story of the Korean Wave and its Use in South Korea’s Foreign Policy. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2021.75.
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The Korean Wave is taking over the world, achieving great success in areas such as music and cinematography, and making Korean culture increasingly attractive. Culture being a crucial resource of soft power, which in turn serves as a powerful tool in international relations, the South Korean government is trying to take advantage of its improved national image and international influence. This analysis provides an overview of the relationship between the Korean government and the Korean Wave, how the perception of Korea has changed thanks to its cultural outflow, and how the government tries to use this to its advantage.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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Santiso, Carlos, and Marco Varea. Strengthening the Capacities of Parliaments in the Budget Process. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008433.
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In the past decade, parliaments have shown increasing activism in the budget process by demanding more information about the government's performance in managing public resources. Nevertheless, in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), parliaments face important challenges, taking an effective part in the budget process and in fiscal policy management. Their capacity to influence budgetary matters and more generally fiscal policy and public financial management is hindered not only by the centralized nature of the budget process, but also by the lack of technical and institutional capacity of parliaments themselves to exercise their budgetary powers. This policy brief argues that the creation of parliamentary budget offices (PBOs) can help strengthen their effectiveness and accountability in budget processes. Several countries in the region have created or are considering creating this type of mechanism. These offices can help strengthen the parliament as a competent and constructive partner with the finance ministries and compensate for the legislature's limited technical capacity and credibility in budget matters through a series of effects, including reducing asymmetries in fiscal information; simplifying fiscal information and improving the quality of budget analysis; enabling a more constructive budget debate, and improving the alignment of incentives among government branches. This paper analyzes the conditions for creating and maintaining these offices, evaluates the effectiveness of such institutional changes, and weighs the lessons learned from recent experiences in various countries of the region. The conclusion is that parliaments can strengthen their impact on the budgeting process not necessarily by increasing their budgetary powers, but by improving their institutional capacity to exercise those powers more effectively and responsibly.
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Pachón, Mónica, and Fabio Sánchez Torres. Decentralization, Fiscal Effort and Social Progress in Colombia at the Municipal Level, 1994-2009: Why Does National Politics Matter? Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011478.
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The present paper explores the relationship between political competition and effective public goods delivery systems in a decentralized context to study whether the awareness generated through such a competitive environment and the existence of more political options are a part of the causal mechanisms for effective governance. In particular, we want to observe the effect of electoral competition on the incentives to build fiscal capacity and provide public goods such as education and water, that are to a large extent the responsibility of the local municipalities. The research hypothesis is that political competition strengthens the decentralized municipalities through building their local fiscal capacity. In turn, the fiscal capacity is the fundamental variable that explains the differences in sector performance across local governments. Local fiscal capacity brings about better policy outcomes, as well as a better match between resources and the needs - what we call responsiveness - which simultaneously ensures greater efficiency in local spending. Using a rich panel municipal dataset from 1994 till 2009, we have shown that on comparing the differences across education and the water and sewerage sectors, the power of fiscal effort appears to be the driving force behind better policy outcomes than any other resource commonly made available to the municipalities, such as national transfers or royalties.
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Abera, Mikyas, Jean Claude Byungura, Raymond Ndikumana, et al. Implementing e-Learning in low-resourced university settings: A policy and institutional perspectives at the University of Gondar and University of Rwanda. Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/mcf-eli.j11.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected most universities, and it severely disrupted their face-to-face teaching and learning processes. The University of Gondar (UoG) and the University of Rwanda (UR) were no exceptions. Before the pandemic, E-learning was not an education norm in both institutions. Education was mainly face-to-face, inside a four-wall classroom experience. As COVID-19 restricted such experience, the two universities adopted a range of online platforms to support teaching, learning, and access to learning resources. Across the globe, E-learning solutions promise institutional resilience and innovative teaching and learning activities in tertiary education – but only if their development is embedded within enabling institutional culture, structure, policy, and processes. Against this backdrop, we designed a study to explore leadership and policy perspectives, institutional contexts, potentials/prospects, challenges, and best practices of educational digital solutions. In this exploratory study, we used accessibility and inclusivity as key motifs to frame discussions of results. We used a cross-sectional design and employed qualitative methods to collect data, i.e., document reviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. We adopted a descriptive thematic analysis procedure to organize, analyze, and interpret the data. Overall, the results indicate that education leaders, faculty, and students were not equipped to smoothly transition from face-to-face learning to e-learning in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Not only meeting technological requirements, the accelerated deployment of E-learning tools implied a change in pedagogy. We found that institutional policies were not designed to fully accommodate the change (except for some guidelines proposed during COVID-19). The lack of an e-learning strategy and resource limitations have hindered and continue to impact e-learning uptake in both institutions. We also found that poor internet connectivity, lack of tech devices and software, inadequate leadership commitment, power interruptions or outages, inadequate pedagogical training, low community perception, and poor administrative and technical skills are the challenges of the two institutions to effectively manage full-fledged e-learning programs. These challenges were usually amplified by the nature of national, local, and institutional contexts (e.g., a multi-campus, multi-college setting of UR and a war outbreak in northern Ethiopia). Noting that face-to-face education is still seen as premium, there is a need for a blended approach to e-learning and policies that would improve accessibility to and affordability of E-resources to diverse groups of staff and students. With varying degrees, we found that the two institutions are engaging in activities to promote e-learning. For instance, groups of e-learning Champions are advocating in both institutions for engagements in accelerated change efforts (be it on an e-learning platform, capacity building, access devices, and strategy). Both institutions have units that coordinate e-learning uptake and ensure its inclusivity. Both institutions could also benefit from increased governmental and development partners’ attention to the possibility and support of digital education. However, the issue of social equity and e-learning ecosystem management remains paramount in launching e-learning programs. In sum, we observed that e-learning is still in its nascent stages at both institutions although not at the same level. Their respective e-learning initiatives must integrate global best practices and specific local contexts and priorities. This requires that state and institutional leaders embrace and encourage co-creation, knowledge, and expertise sharing among institutions in low-resource and similar settings.
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Simmonds, Philippa, and Clare Lally. Green skills in education and employment. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn711.
Full textAbstract:
Green skills can be defined as “the knowledge, abilities, values and attitudes needed to live in, develop and support a society which reduces the impact of human activity on the environment”. Several definitions exist, with some being focused on technical skills for jobs that play a major role in reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 (for example, heat pump installation). Other definitions are broader, and include enabling skills and attitudes, such as public engagement and systems thinking. The lack of a consistent definition can make it challenging to analyse the supply and demand for different skills in the UK workforce. Evidence suggests that developing green skills will be achieved mainly by upskilling the current workforce, but all components of the education system will play a role in increasing skills and raising awareness of green career paths. The vocational education pathway will be particularly important. There is low public awareness of green skills and green career paths, and commentators propose that this could be improved through public engagement and improved careers advice in schools and further education colleges. Sectors such as power generation, construction, waste and resources are likely to see growth and a significant update in skills as part of the net zero transition. These sectors also tend to have an ageing workforce with a substantial proportion approaching retirement. Stakeholders propose that improving diversity in key sectors may help to mitigate green skills shortages. Other challenges include regional variation in demand for and access to green skills development, and shifting policy priorities leading to a lack of investment in training by employers. Training has also seen an overall reduction in investment in training by both the UK Government and employers. Stakeholders have advocated that green skills development could align with levelling up ambitions. There is strong consensus that policy certainty from government would support private sector investment in green technologies, demand for green skills, and provision of green skills training.
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Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.
Full textAbstract:
Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.
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Kelsey, Tom. When Missions Fail: Lessons in ‘High Technology’ From Post-War Britain. Blavatnik School of Government, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp_2023/056.
Full textAbstract:
The idea that national security and economic prosperity stem from being at the technological frontier (‘techno-nationalism’) is once again a dominant feature of global politics. The post-war United States has emerged as the key model in these discussions, with the ‘moonshot’ seen as an outstanding example of how to direct state resources towards technological breakthroughs, while the capacity of the American government is praised more generally for its ability to sponsor ground-breaking technology. This paper, however, suggests that the United States was the exception, not the rule, and that the failures of post-war Britain highlight the limitations of ‘techno-nationalism’ with vivid clarity. During the 1950s and 1960s, the British state took long-term bets on securing a leading role in the world’s technological future, specifically in the areas of supersonic flight via Concorde and nuclear power generation. The result, however, was not export glory but industrial calamity. These long-running programmes were eventually cut back in the 1970s, when it became accepted in Whitehall that Britain should no longer try to be the Science and Tech Superpower, attempting to leapfrog the United States to technological glory. Understanding this trajectory in Britain dislodges the sense that focusing on emerging technology and the long term is a silver bullet in policymaking. We must appreciate that the realities of technological power matter, and grasp that the post-war US was an unrepresentative case: no country today will have the relative level of industrial and technological might that it enjoyed at that time. While my arguments will resonate in other national contexts, my focus is on ensuring that any strategy for ‘high technology’ in the UK today continues to learn the lessons from the errors of the post-war period. It must be wary of expert capture within the state. It must also think about industrial strategy in an integrated way, across national security, economics, and foreign policy, with a policymaking machinery set up to deal with this level of complexity. Moreover, despite the attention afforded to national state funding, the UK should continue to see forging alliances as essential alongside working with international business and be clear-eyed about where it does and does not need to sustain national capabilities.
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Lidmo, Johannes, Maja Brynteson, and Ágúst Bogason. National Support Initiatives in Nordic Spatial Planning. Nordregio, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:61403-2503.
Full textAbstract:
The Nordic countries share many cross-sectoral targets at the national level to meet ambitious environmental, social, sustainable and innovative development goals and standards. When it comes to spatial planning, central governments in the Nordic countries often have limited power to influence local-level priorities, particularly with respect to regulating land use and adopting a range of policies that impact sustainable urban development. In parallel, various new planning approaches, as well as a range of nationwide support mechanisms have emerged in the Nordic countries, often with the aim of supporting and steering municipalities’ efforts to achieve sustainable urban development. Our report aims to better understand such initiatives and how they are connected to spatial planning efforts in Nordic municipalities by examining one national support initiative in each Nordic country, illustrated with learnings from municipal case studies. We examined FutureBuilt in Norway, the Partnership for Vibrant City Centres in Denmark, the Borgarlína project in Iceland, the Sustainable City programme in Finland and Visions: in the North in Sweden. As shown by the findings from our case studies, different perspectives on external governance – such as state intervention versus municipal self-governance in Nordic countries – highlight challenges in influencing local urban development due to limited state mandates. National support initiatives emerge as an alternative means to guide local development. They may serve to foster collaboration and inclusivity, particularly when inspiring local, strategic spatial planning, as seen in the Swedish case study. National support initiatives are viewed as complementary tools to spatial planning that support sustainable urban development processes and projects. Though they take various forms, their purpose and impact should be understood within the overall context. Collaboration and lessons learned from national support initiatives have the potential to enhance legislation or state intervention. However, an imbalance in municipalities’ access to support poses a challenge in each Nordic country. It is therefore crucial to assess the appropriateness and purpose of support, recognising that municipal pathways are influenced by the way in which support is designed. Striking a balance with respect to state-municipal governance is essential. In short, we can draw the following recommendations: A partnership-based approach with collaboration between various stakeholders enhances inclusivity. New ways of working that are agile and flexible and focus on the local context should be emphasised for effective outcomes. The importance of long-term commitments and policy coherence in the field of sustainable urban development should be emphasised at both national and municipal levels. Efforts should be made to ensure continuity in sustainable urban development initiatives beyond the duration of the given programme. A more formal and institutionalised way of obtaining government funding for sustainable urban development projects at the local level should be developed in some countries. That could level the playing field for municipalities with varying resources, knowledge and lobbying capabilities. In other countries, capacity building – including training and resources – can be provided to help municipalities navigate support options and apply for them. It is beneficial to create platforms providing information about support for sustainable urban development and to make municipalities aware of upcoming calls well in advance.
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.
Full textAbstract:
Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.