Academic literature on the topic 'Power resources – Economic aspects – United States'
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Journal articles on the topic "Power resources – Economic aspects – United States"
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Stošić, Sanja, and Mića Živojinović. "The geoeconomics of Kosovo and Metohija in the geopolitical pattern of the United States." Vojno delo 74, no. 3 (2022): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2203032s.
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Having in mind the number of countries that have recognized the independently proclaimed state of Kosovo, contrary to the principles of international law that does not recognize self-determination and secession, as well as those countries that have not recognized it, it can be concluded that the area of Kosovo and Metohija, as an integral part of the territory of the Republic of Serbia, has no status of an internationally recognized country. On the other hand, taking into account the natural resources in the area of the Kosovo-Metohija basin, especially mineral wealth, Kosovo and Metohija with its geoeconomic potential has not accidentally found itself in the global geopolitical pattern defined by the US. By aggression on the FRY, that is, the RS, NATO forces led by the US brought the area of Kosovo and Metohija under control in the form of a protectorate of the already instrumentalized UN. Namely, in line with Joseph Nye's theory of "hard and soft power", the Kosovo-Metohija region, or the southern Serbian province, was placed under "hard occupation", i.e. the patronage of NATO forces called KFOR. The "elasticity" of international law that characterizes political relations among the existing powers and power centres on a global scale produces a high level of mutual competition for resources, security and economic prestige, increasing the potential for escalating conflicts. Therefore, in addition to the increasingly pronounced security and crisis aspects, it is necessary to look at the geoeconomic and geopolitical place, importance and role of Kosovo and Metohija, as one of the currently greatest NATO bases in Europe and as an imperialist reflection of the US and/or a perspective expression of the RS.
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Pérez-Denicia, Eduardo, Fabián Fernández-Luqueño, and Darnes Vilariño-Ayala. "Suitability assessment for electricity generation through renewable sources: towards sustainable energy production." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.260.
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Power generation through renewable sources is an effective alternative to mitigate climate change as its environmental impact is lower compared to fossil fuels. However, socio-economic problems are constant in sites where power plants are installed, especially in developing countries. In this paper, an innovative methodology was developed to assess the suitability of electricity generation through solar, wind, and biomass energy. Unlike most studies found in scientific literature, this work considers social, environmental, and economic aspects as key to determine the suitability of energy projects. First, we carried out a comprehensive analysis on social acceptance and resilience towards renewable energy and the conditions for communities to benefit from these projects; then, we analyzed the availability and capacity of renewable energy sources in Mexico, as a case study. Next, a set of indicators related to the three pillars of sustainability was developed to assess the conditions of each place with the best renewable resources in the country. The life cycle and capacity factor of each technology were also considered. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed to determine the most suitable locations and technologies for power generation. The results show a trend towards the states of northern Mexico, especially those bordering the United States, as the most viable for electricity generation. The most appropriate technology is wind energy. Finally, Oaxaca, the state with the best wind resources and current leader in wind power generation in Mexico is, by contrast, the least viable state for wind generation, as has been later confirmed by scientific evidence, as wind facilities are associated with severe socio-cultural and economic damage in host communities in this state.
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Karczewski, Maciej. "Wielka Gra” na Oceanie Indyjskim. Chiny, Indie i Stany Zjednoczone w regionalnej rywalizacji mocarstw." Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/r.2012.5.2.
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The Indian Ocean constitutes an area which is rich in resources and vital to shipping. In this region there are some strategic sealines that enable communication of China and India with this resourceful area. Due to the fact that the Indian Ocean region is rich in oil, China and India seek dominance in this part of the world. The article explains and describes the dynamic of greatpower rivalry in various aspects. It also analyzes the role of the Unites States as stabilizing power in the new political and economic environment in Asia.
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Bovsunivska, Iryna. "Strategy for the Development of Joint Territorial Groups: Theoretical Aspects." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 11, no. 1 (2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2019/11-1/7.
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The purpose of this article is a theoretical and methodological analysis of strategic planning of the united territorial community in conditions of decentralization of power and local self-government reform. The methodological basis is the general aspects of the economic theory and theory of public administration. Methods of research are based on general scientific and special methods of cognition. System, structural and evolutionary approaches are used to identify the essence of the categories "territorial community", "the capacity of the territorial community" and "strategy of development of the territorial community"; the methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to reveal the peculiarities of strategic planning of the development of the united territorial communities, the abstract-logical method was used for theoretical generalization and formation of conclusions. The main aspects and results of the research are applied in the educational process in the development and teaching of normative and special courses "Economics and Governance", "Decentralization and development of territorial communities", "Public-private partnership" at the V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University for the master's students Public Administration program. The scientific novelty is as follows: 1. With the addition of systemic, structural and evolutionary approaches, it is found that the definition of the term "territorial community" should take into account historical, territorial, ecological, sociological, selfgoverning, economic and political aspects. The concept of "capacity of a territorial community" is defined as the ability to perform the functions entrusted by the legislation directly to the community and local self-government authorities to ensure its life and development. The configuration of the capacity of the territorial community was substantiated, its components (internal and external capacity) were clarified. 2. The principles and stages of strategic planning of the development of a united territorial community under conditions of decentralization of power and local self-government reform, which are important for the success of the strategic planning of territorial development are considered. It is proved that the principles should be considered in close connection with a certain stage of the strategy of the development of the united territorial communities. The algorithm of strategic planning of the development of a united territorial community based on the principles of strategic planning of sustainable development of territories is proposed. 3. It is grounded that the effectiveness of the strategy of the development of united territorial communities depends to a large extent on the way of its development. Practical experience in creating strategies in Ukraine has identified five methods for developing strategic plans for the development of territories, of which the long-term partnership method (three partnerships between government, community and business) with the participation of experts is most effective. This description of each method is given, their strengths and weaknesses are determined. 4. It is grounded that in the conditions of the reform of local self-government the issue of formation of updated (project) competencies of local self-government employees becomes relevant. At the present stage, the demand for a new style of thinking of managers is being formed, the continuation of which is an updated organizational culture of management, the traditional qualifications of today's local government officials are not enough to work in new environments where the project becomes a leading tool for change, achievement of goals, funding unit and one the main means of attracting additional resources to the united territorial communities. The main results can be used by public authorities and authorities, local government authorities, research centres and institutes, and higher educational institutions (proposals for the organization of strategic planning of the development of united territorial communities through institutions of mediation of power, business and community).
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Ma, Zhengwei, Yuanjun Pang, Dan Zhang, and Yuqi Zhang. "Measuring the air pollution cost of shale gas development in China." Energy & Environment 31, no. 6 (November 18, 2019): 1098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19882405.
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Shale gas is one of the most promising unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the 21st century. In recent years, economically recoverable reserves have achieved explosive growth, and drilling techniques have made large breakthroughs. As a clean unconventional energy, shale gas is given substantial consideration by governments. However, the cleanliness of shale gas has been questioned for causing serious air pollution during production. To further measure the air pollution cost during the exploration and transportation of shale gas, this article establishes an economic measurement model of the air pollution cost from the three aspects of human health, social cost and ecological cost by reviewing the relevant literature in the United States and China. This study lays a foundation for further calculating the cost of air pollution around shale gas fields.
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Djelantik, Sukawarsini. "KEKUATAN NASIONAL TIONGKOK DALAM SENGKETA LAUT TIONGKOK SELATAN." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 292–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.248.
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The South China Sea (LTS) has a strategic position and rich in natural resources. These waters are claimed by several countries such as China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Taiwan. The overlapping claims have not yet reached a resolution, even though tensions have increased and potentially to become an open conflict. The United States (US) and China have economic, political and strategic interests in winning the competition in the South China Sea. This paper answers the question what is China's position in the dispute in the South China Sea? Has China as a great power succeeded in utilizing its national power to control the waters? China's position is analyzed using the concept of national power consisting of Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economics (DIME), which is commonly used to assess state power. China's strength is compared indirectly with the US, which is the main competitor in the region from a diplomatic, military and economic point of view. From the diplomatic aspect, China controls countries in Southeast Asia which are part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) infrastructure project, whose various projects are funded through the Asian Investment Infrastructure Bank (AIIB). To confirm the claim, China has carried out various constructions of artificial islands in the disputed area, which are equipped with military facilities. From an economic perspective, China's rapid growth in recent decades has made it one of the most respected world powers. These facts indicated that China is a great power that has managed to match the power and influence of the US in the region. In the case of the LTS dispute, it is likely that China will win the competition, influence and support from the disputing countries.
China; South China Sea; diplomacy, information, military, economy
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Krysovatyy, A. I., and F. P. Tkachyk. "The Evolutionary Paradigm of Fiscal Federalism: Transformation of the United States Experience into Ukrainian Decentralism." Business Inform 8, no. 523 (2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-8-109-116.
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The modern paradigm of effective social and economic development of regions must take into consideration the dialectics of fiscal federalism in the symbiosis of its essential determinants with fiscal decentralization. The purpose of the article is to scientifically and conceptually substantiate the model of fiscal federalism of the United States of America in the field of implementation of adequate provisions into Ukrainian decentralization. The article examines the conceptual provisions of fiscal federalism, substantiates the forms of decentralization of powers among levels of government. The architectonics and evolutionary paradigm of fiscal federalism in the United States of America are covered. The risks and effects of fiscal federalism were monitored for the purposes of implementing its basic aspects into Ukrainian practice. Theories of the first and second generations of fiscal federalism are considered. It is ascertained, that the principles of fiscal federalism are used in the practice of unitary countries. Public authorities actively apply mechanisms of cooperation with municipalities in the context of delegation of tax and expenditure powers. Emphasis is placed on the tax component of the intensification of fiscal autonomy of local governments. At the same time, the experience of the United States of America has shown the importance of directing grants and transfers to social projects of municipalities. The priorities of adaptation of actual postulates of fiscal federalism into Ukrainian system of interbudgetary relations under conditions of decentralization of powers are outlined. It is emphasized that fiscal federalism should not be limited to the redistribution of financial resources between the State and local governments. It should encourage amalgamated territorial hromadas to financial autonomy and increase tax potential to improve the prosperity of citizens
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Gibadullin, Arthur, and Valentina Pulyaeva. "Obstacles to the formation of a common electricity market of the Eurasian Economic Union." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911402002.
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The current state of the economy and society is influenced by the global integration processes taking place in Eurasia - the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union, which should unite the markets for resources, goods and capital of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. One of the aspects of this process is the creation of a unified electricity market, which ensures free flow of electrical energy, free pricing and competition in the power industry. The purpose of this study is to study the degree of readiness of national energy systems for integration and to identify problems that impede the formation of the Common Electricity Market of the Eurasian Economic Union. The methods used were statistical analysis tools, a graphical method, comparisons and descriptions. The study was carried out on the basis of the use of information provided in the open access of the Eurasian Economic Union, national statistical services and energy companies. The authors have identified the main goals and objectives, as well as the requirements and expected results of the creation of the Common Electricity Market. As a result of the analysis of national power systems, a number of problems were identified that impede their convergence, including inconsistencies in the scale of production, various pricing mechanisms and electricity price regulation, differences in the energy balance of the Eurasian Economic Union member states, different levels of electricity prices, and a particular opinion Of the Republic of Belarus to the concept of market formation and the lack of unified borders of Armenia with other participating countries Union. The findings of the study indicate that by the stated date, namely July 1, 2019, the Common Electricity Market will most likely not be created for the reasons stated. To solve the identified problems, the authors propose several tools, one of the most important among them is the mechanism of regulatory and legal regulation of electricity markets at the national and supranational levels. Also, according to the authors, in the integration processes in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union should consider the world experience of such political and economic associations.
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Krysovatyy, Andriy, Oksana Desyatnyuk, and Fedir Tkachyk. "THEORETICAL LOGOS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF PERMANENT TRANSFORMATION OF INTERBUDGETARY RELATIONS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 2, no. 43 (April 29, 2022): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.2.43.2022.3630.
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The article examines the essential determinants of decentralization and its main elements. Considerable attention is paid to scientific and theoretical aspects of the impact of fiscal decentralization on local economic development. Priority aspects of realization of bases of fiscal decentralization in the Ukrainian administrative practice are covered. It is proved that the key idea of fiscal decentralization is manifested in the achievement of financial autonomy by local governments through the accumulation of financial resources at a certain level of government. Emphasis is placed on the concept of fiscal federalism and its role in the socio-economic development of administrative entities of unitary states.
It is argued that the construction of an effective system of inter-budgetary relations should take into account a range of measures to strengthen the own tax potential of the territorial community. It has been established that recently the tax potential of local self-government bodies has been identified by tax capacity at the expense of three taxes: personal income tax, property tax and single tax. The study showed that fiscal decentralization through the prism of tax, budget and debt instruments can provide a favorable socio-economic climate in local communities.
A structural and logical scheme of the impact of key paradigms of fiscal decentralization on the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine has been built. It is proved that fiscal decentralization in the conditions of divergence of interbudgetary relations can become a catalyst for effective fiscal stimulus policy, as delegation of budgetary powers to lower levels, while improving the efficiency of budgetary resources, will allow more fully and regionally respond to regional development and local needs.
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Haque, Md Emdadul. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Access to Vaccination in Bangladesh: a Critical Review." Health Economics and Management Review 3, no. 3 (2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2022.3-09.
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This paper delineates the diverse perspectives of the vicious COVID-19 pandemic and access to vaccination in Bangladesh. It also depicts the discrepancies as to access to vaccine and vaccination campaign aside from assorted socio-economic impacts and challenges in Bangladesh with plausible way-outs. The fight for combating the demonized coronavirus is laudable amid the country’s limited resources, vulnerable healthcare system and vaccine hesitation. But the estimated cost of vaccination is under criticism because the country has received a substantial amount of vaccines as gift or free of cost donation from rich countries especially from the United States. Due to the pandemic, the socio-economic loss sustained by the country has created extra burden for the economy. No doubt, the coronavirus has taken an acid test of the global healthcare system. Even the economically advanced countries with sophisticated healthcare facilities have experienced the horrific fatality of the pandemic for a long time. But during the pandemic, the world has witnessed further polarization of the countries with major political and economic power dynamics in the name of coordinated fighting of the persisting crisis. Together with the financial constraints of low-income countries in Africa and Asia, the vaccine crisis and monopoly caused by the profit-driven attitude of most multinational pharma companies and geopolitical interests of some high income countries have galvanized the global vaccine inequity undermining the notion of distributive justice with a few exceptions. But the contagious coronavirus taught that people’s safety of a particular country is not possible without safety of other countries. Most existing papers on the COVID-19 pandemic linking Bangladesh depict its various detrimental impacts from health science and socio-economic aspects. But this paper critically reviews the chronological aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh starting from influx of the virus to its all-out combating measures highlighting human casualty, advent of vaccine, vaccine inequity, access to vaccination, vaccine diplomacy, campaign, hesitation and rerated constraints along with prevailing as well as post COVID-19 socio-economic impacts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Power resources – Economic aspects – United States"
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Yee, Victoria E. "Predicting the renewable energy portfolio for the southern half of the United States through 2050 by matching energy sources to regional needs." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/808.
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Worldwide energy consumption is estimated to double between 2008 and 2035. Over-dependence on energy imports from a few, often politically unstable countries, and unpredictable oil and gas prices, pushes energy to a critical agenda. While there is an agreement that we need to change the production and consumption of energy, there is still disagreement about the specific changes that are needed and how they can be achieved.
The conventional energy plans relying primarily on fossil fuels and nuclear technologies, which are in need of transformation due to limited resources and carbon dioxide emissions. Energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy should play a leading role in the America's energy future. Energy and environmental organizations believe that renewable energy and energy efficiency can meet half of the world's energy needs by 2050.
This thesis describes a model that predicts renewable energy portfolios for the Southern portion of the United States, by evaluating multiple renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal. The Southern US is divided into three regions: Southwest, South Central, and Southeast, which are chosen given their location and the level of abundance of renewable resources, thereby minimizing inefficiencies and losses associated to the present generation system. A mathematical predictor takes into account variables such as supply/demand, non-renewable/renewable sources, and time.
From the results, the Southwest and South Central regions confirm an surplus of renewable electricity by 2050, but the Southeast region does not have enough renewable resources to detach itself from the use of fossil fuels. The South Central region begins producing a surplus of renewable energy in 2014 and reaches an excess amount of 14,552 billion KWh by 2050. This means there will be no need to transfer electricity over long distances, which will increase the overall efficiency of electrical generation.
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Kwon, Eundak. "Financial power in the global village financial globalization and the United States /." Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=982792741&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1234309146&clientId=23440.
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bin, Salam Najmus Sakib. "Is there still a Southwest effect?" Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29774.
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The US airline industry is going through a period of consolidation through mergers between leading airlines. A number of recent mergers have been approved by the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ) based on the presence of Southwest Airlines in merger-affected markets. In doing so, the DOJ makes a key assumption that Southwest is unresponsive to the reduced competition when its competitors merge. We find that Southwest raised fares more in markets where Delta/Northwest and US/America-West used to operate jointly between 2005-2010. However, Southwest's fares either decreased or rose by less if facing direct or adjacent competition from a low-cost carrier (LCC). Furthermore, Southwest is now merging with AirTran Airways, its biggest LCC competitor. This implies that the DOJ should not rely on Southwest Airlines as a post-merger deterrent to fare increases.Graduation date: 2012
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Mathew, Brenda A. "The Link Between Smart Growth in Urban Development and Climate Change." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3206.
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Coombs, Donald L. "The Ideology of Stadium Construction: A Historical Sociology Model of Power and Control." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/9878.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The Ideology of Stadium Construction seeks to define the application of community power in the process of building sports stadiums. Using data culled from a literature review, this project examines the recent construction of sports venues and the political, economic, and social ideas driving their proliferation. A three dimensional approach to applied power provides a theoretical tool to illustrate and analyze the blueprint of stadium construction. Taking a more broad view of the culture of business in the United States suggests the public funding of stadium construction arching towards Antonio Gramsci’s sense of hegemony. Beyond attempting to merely define the political process driving stadium construction as a significant social problem, this project introduces potential alternatives to the organizational method currently in place.
Books on the topic "Power resources – Economic aspects – United States"
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Hunter, Louis C. A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930. Charlottesville, Va: University Press of Virginia for the Hagley Museum and Library, 1985.
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Rezendes, Victor S. Federal power: The role of the power marketing administrations in a restructured electricity industry : statement of Victor S. Rezendes, Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on Water and Power, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1999.
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Doeden, Matt. Green energy: Crucial gains or economic strains? Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2010.
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The dirty energy dilemma: What's blocking clean power in the United States. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers, 2008.
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Kladiva, Susan D. Results Act: Comments on selected aspects of the draft strategic plans of the Departments of Energy and the Interior : statement of Susan D. Kladiva, Acting Associate Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the House Committee on Resources, Subcommittee on Water and Power, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Service, United States Minerals Management. MMS, planning for America's energy future & a quality environments: Outer Continental Shelf natural gas & oil resource management. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Services, 1990.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Water and Power. Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, on the impact of Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea on local communities, Parshall, ND, August 25, 1989, Bismarck, ND, October 9, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Water and Power. Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, on the impact of Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea on local communities, Parshall, ND, August 25, 1989, Bismarck, ND, October 9, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Water and Power. Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, on the impact of Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea on local communities, Parshall, ND, August 25, 1989, Bismarck, ND, October 9, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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Fultz, Keith O. Modernizing and cleaning up DOE's nuclear weapons complex: Statement of Keith O. Fultz, Director, Energy Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Power resources – Economic aspects – United States"
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Warziniack, Travis, Robert G. Haight, Denys Yemshanov, Jenny L. Apriesnig, Thomas P. Holmes, Amanda M. Countryman, John D. Rothlisberger, and Christopher Haberland. "Economics of Invasive Species." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 305–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_14.
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AbstractWhile the subset of introduced species that become invasive is small, the damages caused by that subset and the costs of controlling them can be substantial. This chapter takes an in-depth look at the economic damages non-native species cause, methods economists often use to measure those damages, and tools used to assess invasive species policies. Ecological damages are covered in other chapters of this book. To put the problem in perspective, Federal agencies reported spending more than half a billion dollars per year in 1999 and 2000 for activities related to invasive species ($513.9 million in 1999 and $631.5 million in 2000 (U.S. GAO 2000)). Approximately half of these expenses were spent on prevention. Several states also spend considerable resources on managing non-native species; for example, Florida spent $127.6 million on invasive species activities in 2000 (U.S. GAO 2000), and the Great Lakes states spend about $20 million each year to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) (Kinnunen 2015). Costs to government may not be the same as actual damages, which generally fall disproportionately on a few economic sectors and households. For example, the impact of the 2002 outbreak of West Nile virus exceeded $4 million in damages to the equine industries in Colorado and Nebraska alone (USDA APHIS 2003) and more than $20 million in public health damages in Louisiana (Zohrabian et al. 2004). Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) cause $300–$500 million annually in damages to power plants, water systems, and industrial water intakes in the Great Lakes region (Great Lakes Commission 2012) and are expected to cause $64 million annually in damages should they or quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) spread to the Columbia River basin (Warziniack et al. 2011).
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Balmas, Paolo, and Sabine Dörry. "The Geoeconomics of Chinese Bank Expansion into the European Union." In The Political Economy of Geoeconomics: Europe in a Changing World, 161–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01968-5_7.
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AbstractWe apply the concept of geoeconomics to the example of Chinese state-owned commercial banks based in Luxembourg and their financial activities in the European Union. The case study links the uneven relationship between China and Luxembourg to the field of international finance via large Chinese state-owned banks as important but analytically neglected actors. In doing so, we analyze how economic resources are used by, through and between nation states in the pursuit of their strategic goals. Starting from the observation that Chinese banking networks primarily provide a platform for the implementation of direct investments by Chinese companies, we identify important mechanisms and practices of Chinese banks, their anchoring in Luxembourg and the limited fulfilment of Western policy makers’ expectations from the presence of the Chinese banks in Luxembourg. Furthermore, we analyze instruments and strategies that define important aspects and dimensions of the concept of geoeconomics and complement them with the agency attributed to Chinese banks. An interesting paradox emerges from our analysis: while the geoeconomic power of Chinese banks’ activities is limited by the strict adherence to Chinese state development guidelines, the new organization of the Chinese banking networks in the EU suggests that they will be able to exercise their geoeconomic power in the future; with corresponding implications for local economies and economic development in Europe.
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Mitchell, Peter. "New Worlds for the Donkey." In The Donkey in Human History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749233.003.0013.
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One of the signature historical phenomena of the past 500 years has been the global expansion of European societies and their trans-Atlantic offshoots. The mercantile networks, commercial systems, and empires of conquest and colonization that formed the political and economic framework of that expansion involved the discovery and extraction of new mineral and agricultural resources, the establishment of new infrastructures of transport and communication, and the forcible relocation of millions of people. Another key component was the Columbian Exchange, the multiple transfers of people, animals, plants, and microbes that began even before Columbus, gathered pace after 1492, and were further fuelled as European settlement advanced into Africa, Australasia, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Donkeys evolved in the Old World and were confined there until the Columbian Exchange was underway. This chapter explores the introduction of the donkey and the mule to the Americas and, more briefly, to southern Africa and Australia. In keeping with my emphasis on seeking archaeological evidence with which to illuminate the donkey’s story, I omit other aspects of its expansion, such as the trade in animals to French plantations on the Indian Ocean islands of Réunion and Mauritius or, on a much greater scale, India to meet the demands of the British Raj. These examples nevertheless reinforce the argument that mules and donkeys were instrumental in creating and maintaining the structures of economic and political power that Europeans and Euro- Americans wielded in many parts of the globe. From Brazil to the United States, Mexico to Bolivia, Australia to South Africa, they helped directly in processing precious metals and were pivotal in moving gold and silver from mines to centres of consumption. At the same time, they aided the colonization of vast new interiors devoid of navigable rivers, maintained communications over terrain too rugged for wheeled vehicles to pose serious competition, and powered new forms of farming. Their contributions to agriculture and transport were well received by many of the societies that Europeans conquered and their mestizo descendants. However, they also provided opportunities for other Native communities to maintain a degree of independence and identity at and beyond the margins of the European-dominated world.
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Oleshko, V. F., and E. V. Oleshko. "Model Approach to the Digital Transformation of Media." In Mass media as a mediator of communicative and cultural memory, 343–434. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3074-4.5.
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During the crisis periods of modern times, it was seen that the changes in the vectors of practical activity are not only related to the economic sphere of Russia and many other countries but the trends that form the communications market in general and the mass media, in particular, are transformed to the greatest extent. This was especially evident in the first half of 2020 when the world was overwhelmed by the coronavirus pandemic, and digital technologies defined the essence and prospects of not only professional or interpersonal relations but also the sphere of politics, economics and culture. Therefore, it is logical that in the fifth and final part of the monograph “Mass Media as a Mediator of Communicative-Cultural Memory”, the authors described and systematized the ways of transformation of communicative-cultural memory, characteristic for “analogue” and “digital” generations of the mass audience, as well as highlighted the actual problems of forming the priorities of personal awareness of their socio-cultural identity. It is shown that the model of effective transmission of communicative-cultural memory to the “digital” generation, developed based on theoretical analysis and empirical data obtained during a decade, differs from other social models primarily by such essential elements as creative and technological and dialogic components of everyday work of subjects of information activity. It is they who determine the effectiveness of generational mutual influence through the media, acting as a mediator. At the same time, the hypothesis that mass media consumers are considered to be of different generation groups is confirmed. It is proved that the rapid and irreversible process of the global Network expansion has transformed many executive intents of the power structures of society in the majority of vital spheres not only socio-political, economic, professional, educational, etc. of individuals’ activity, but, first of all, in the socio-cultural sphere formed by the resources of the communicative memory of the nation. On the example of the mass media of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and the Russian-speaking press of the United States, it is also proved that one of the features of the modern development of multicultural countries and regions, as well as individual societies included in them, is the use of a strategy of ethnocultural neo-traditionalism, which is most often reflected in the actualization of historical memory and potential of the past, in focusing on artefacts characterizing certain aspects of communicative-cultural memory, in ethnocultural consolidation, in reproduction, “invention” and “promotion” of traditions, etc. The study concludes that the effective functioning of the media as a mediator of communicative-cultural memory, especially in the context of its transmission to the “digital” generation, involves the use of modelling principles not only to plan but also to predict the effectiveness of this activity. Since the social and managerial approach to the problem of generational mutual influence under conditions of permanent technological transformations is the least studied in media theory, the authors have fixed the basic elements of the model of development of regional journalism of the digital age in the context of professional culture. These include self-organization of the media community, mobilization and activation of public authorities’ resources, public control through the media and citizen journalists over the effectiveness of criticism of the region’s power structures, changes in the system of journalism training and media education, and some others.
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Markowitz, Jonathan N. "The United States’ Arctic Foreign Policy." In Perils of Plenty, 125–53. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078249.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 examines how the United States, the most powerful production-oriented Arctic state, responded to the revelation of Arctic resources. If capabilities drive intentions, then the United States should project the most power to the region. However, if economic structure influences states’ preferences, as this book argues, then Washington should be more interested in securing access to markets and less concerned with seeking control over Arctic resources. This chapter provides a detailed account of the impact the United States’ production-based economy and broad governing coalition had on its Arctic foreign policy. Compared with the other Arctic states, the United States invested far less in bolstering its existing Arctic bases and icebreakers. In line with the book’s core predictions, the United States’ domestic political economy best explains Washington’s reluctance to make greater Arctic commitments and a concomitant lack of substantial investment in increasing the United States’ Arctic military presence throughout multiple administrations.
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Kosseff, Jeff. "America, the Anonymous." In The United States of Anonymous, 9–23. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501762383.003.0002.
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This chapter elaborates on the culture of anonymity empowerment engrained within US history. It starts with Junius' letters, which became a prominent example of pseudonyms and anonymous speech that proliferated in England and the American colonies. Junius' letters feature potential legal, safety, economic, privacy, speech, and power motivations for seeking anonymity. The chapter also covers the Common Sense pamphlet making a call for colonial independence from England. The anonymous political speech did not halt when colonies achieved independence as Federalists like Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published articles to rebut Anti-Federalist criticisms and address aspects of the Constitution.
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Lastowska, Greg. "Cyberproperty in the United States." In Socioeconomic and Legal Implications of Electronic Intrusion, 149–63. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-204-6.ch009.
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During the past three decades, the growing importance of computing technology to modern society has led to regular calls in the United States for new and stronger forms of legal protection for computer equipment. Legal reforms in the United States have included the passage of laws targeting unauthorized access to computer systems, laws regulating online advertising, new criminal provisions related to identity theft, and copyright reforms protecting private interests in digital files. One of the most interesting and controversial legal developments, however, has been the acceptance by some courts of a new modification to an old common law property interest. Under the theory of cyberproperty, the owners of computer chattels have been granted the right to prohibit non-damaging contact with their systems. Essentially, cyberproperty amounts to a right to exclude others from network-connected resources (Wagner, 2005). The right is analogized to a right to exclude others from real property. Many legal scholars in the United States have supported the creation of a cyberproperty right, arguing in law review articles that this development is justified (Bellia, 2004; Epstein, 2003; Epstein, 2005; Fairfield, 2005; Hardy, 1996; McGowan, 2003; McGowan, 2005; Wagner, 2005; Warner, 2002). Other scholars, including myself, have argued against cyberproperty doctrine, claiming that it is dangerously overbroad and ill-suited to the nature of the networked environment (Burk, 2000; Carrier & Lastowka, 2007; Hunter, 2003; Lemley, 2003; Madison, 2003; O’Rourke, 2001; Quilter, 2002; Winn, 2004). This chapter has two parts. The first part explains the doctrinal evolution of cyberproperty in the United States. In the first part of this chapter, I provide an overview of the seminal cases that led up to the California Supreme Court’s decision in Intel v. Hamidi (2003). Though the Hamidi case was a landmark decision for trespass to chattels on the internet, the issue of cyberproperty in the United States remains largely an open question. In the second part of this chapter, I examine and criticize what I see as the theoretical foundations of cyberproperty. Cyberproperty grows out of two confusions. First, it is based on the strange belief that exclusion of a party from access to a computer can be easily analogized to the exclusion of a person from access to land. Second, many proponents of cyberproperty have confused the operation of computer code with the power of the law. This reasoning is based on Professor Lawrence Lessig’s claim that “code is law.” Both of these foundations of cyberproperty theory are suspect. Computer chattels are very much unlike land. Even if we apply standard law and economic principles to computer networks, we find that private interests in computer systems are unlike standard property interests. Also, code is unlike law in many ways. In fact, almost all cyberlaw scholars who reference the “code is law” equation do so in order to criticize the equation of code and law, not endorse it. Thus, the theoretical foundations of cyberproperty doctrine in the United States seem to be both easily identified and easily criticized. Despite this, as stated earlier, it is possible that cyberproperty doctrine will continue to develop in the United States and elsewhere.
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Gent, Stephen E., and Mark J. C. Crescenzi. "Iraq." In Market Power Politics, 94–124. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197529805.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how the motivation to establish market power in the oil export market influenced Saddam Hussein’s decision to invade Kuwait in 1990. In the wake of the costly Iran-Iraq war, Hussein desperately needed access to new resources. By controlling Kuwait’s oil production, Iraq could both augment its own oil resources and prevent Kuwait from overproducing and putting downward pressure on the price of oil. Relatively unconstrained by low levels of economic dependence and a lack of acceptable institutional solutions, Hussein turned to violence to pursue his market power goals. A subsequent invasion of Saudi Arabia would have given Iraq a sufficient market share to be able to control the global output and price of oil. To prevent such a shift in market power, a coalition of forces led by the United States intervened militarily and drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.
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Shayan Mostafa, Esmaeili, and Ghasemzadeh Farzaneh. "Nuclear Power Plant or Solar Power Plant." In Nuclear Power Plant [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92547.
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Both solar energy and nuclear energy face significant economic challenges. Sustainable energy costs have traditionally been greater than any of those associated with the growth of fossil fuel power generation, although the costs of renewable energy technologies (especially photovoltaic) have dropped. Furthermore, capital costs remain a big challenge in the nuclear generation. In many nations, the cost of building small nuclear power plants is quite large due to time, technology, and environmental and safety challenges for consumers. Such problems might not be as big for state-owned corporations or controlled industries for which utilities have quick access to cheap resources, and this partially explains why the interest for nuclear reactors in Asia is far greater than in the United States or Europe. Learning could help decrease costs for both types of technologies, but the track record for learning-by-doing in the nuclear sector is not good.
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Goodman, Camille. "Conclusion." In Coastal State Jurisdiction over Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone, 338–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896841.003.0008.
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This Chapter draws on the cumulative effect of the research and analysis in the book in order to address the overall enquiry concerning the nature and extent of coastal State jurisdiction over living resources in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). First, it proposes a general statement or ‘jurisdictional test’ regarding the nature of coastal State jurisdiction over the living resources of the EEZ. It suggests that this jurisdiction is flexible but functional, consisting of a broad discretion exercisable within functional limits that are determined on the basis of reasonableness and by reference to the balance of rights and interests reflected in the EEZ regime. Second, it outlines some more thematic conclusions about the extent of coastal State jurisdiction, considering the effect that State practice has had on the interpretation or development of relevant aspects of the LOSC, and the extent to which it justifies assertions that the ‘creeping jurisdiction’ of coastal States will upset the balance of rights and interests established in the LOSC. The Chapter concludes the book with some brief reflections on the critical importance of striking the right balance between the rights and duties of coastal States and other States in the EEZ, in order to maintain the sui generis regime established in the LOSC and effectively and innovatively address the current and future challenges of international fisheries governance.
Conference papers on the topic "Power resources – Economic aspects – United States"
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Grigalashvili, Vephkhvia, and Khatuna Abiashvili. "CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE: POLICY, LAW AND ADMINISTRATION." In Proceedings of the XXVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25042021/7522.
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The United States` Critical Infrastructure System (CIs) represents an umbrella concept grouping all those resources that are essential for national economic, financial, and social system. These critical infrastructures are vital and without them, or with any damages to them, would cripple the nation, states, and/or local communities and tribes. Based on a systematic review approach (methodology), this paper aims to review the United States’ Critical Infrastructure Protection System (USCIPS) at tree aspects. In section one, the policy pillars of USCIPS are outlined based on studding Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) and National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). Section two discusses the interdependent nature of the sixteen critical infrastructure sectors and identified the further designation of life-line sectors. Final sector introduces USCIPS stakeholders, collaboration and partnership across between the private sector and public sector stakeholders.
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Perumal, Chellapandi, V. Balasubramaniyan, P. Puthiyavinayagam, Raghupathy Sundararajan, Madhusoodanan Kanakkil, P. Selvaraj, and P. R. Vasudeva Rao. "Design of 500 MWe Metal Fuel Demonstration Fast Reactor." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30727.
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Indian nuclear power programme is being implemented in three stages taking in to consideration limited uranium resources and vast thorium resources in the country. The first stage consists of investing natural uranium in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR). This stage has the potential of 10 GWe. The second stage involves large scale deployment of Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR) with co-located fuel cycle facilities to utilize the plutonium and depleted uranium extracted from the PHWR spent fuel. This stage has a potential of about 300 GWe. In the third stage, effective utilization of the vast thorium resources is planned. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) instituted in 1971 at Kalpakkam, is involved in the mission of developing the technology of FBR. A host of multidisciplinary laboratories are established in the centre around the central facility of the 40 MWt Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR). Presently, the construction of indigenously designed MOX fueled 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) that started in 2003 is in advanced stage and commissioning activities are underway. The design of PFBR incorporates several state-of-art features and is foreseen as an industrial scale techno-economic viability demonstrator for the FBR program. Beyond PFBR, the proposal is to build one twin unit having two reactors, with each of improved design compared to PFBR, to be commissioned by 2025. Subsequently, towards rapid realization of nuclear power, the department is planning a series of metal fueled FBRs starting with a 500 MWe Metal fuel Demonstration Fast Breeder Reactor (MDFR-500) to be followed by industrial scale 1000 MWe metal fueled reactors. The paper discusses in detail the above aspects and highlights the activities carried out towards designing MDFR.
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Wong, Kau-Fui V., Thomas Hutley, and Emma Salgado. "Offshore Wind Power and its Potential for Development in the West Wind Drift." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39825.
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Offshore wind power is an emerging technology capable of providing coastal cities, states, and countries with a substantial portion of their energy needs. The vast potential of offshore wind power has not been fully explored. This work endeavors to perform a review of the literature on offshore wind power. Structural, economic, and environmental aspects are discussed keeping in mind the current status of offshore wind power development around the world. Offshore wind power is a relatively new technology being used by countries such as Denmark, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, and China to provide larger and larger portions of their total energy needs. In 1991 Denmark opened its first commercial offshore wind farm in Vindeby producing a mere 4.95 MW of power. More ambitious projects followed and in 2001 the Middelgrunden, Copenhagen wind farm opened producing 40 MW of power. Then in 2000 the Horns Rev wind farm was put online producing 160 MW of power. The United Kingdom has many offshore wind power projects as well. The Blyth Offshore was opened in 2000 and produces 3.8 MW of power and several others in the United Kingdom produce anywhere from 10 to 90 MW of power. By 2007 end, Denmark had 402 MW and the UK had 395 MW, Ireland, Sweden and the Netherlands had varying amounts. Countries such as China and Germany are also leaders in the development of offshore wind power. In the United States, commercial offshore wind projects had a late start. The first operational offshore wind farms opened in 2007. However, the United States does not lag behind in wind power. In 2008 the United States produced more megawatt of wind power than any other country, making them the leader of wind power production. Offshore wind, however, only constitutes a tiny portion of the total wind power production of the United States. Recent advancements in the technology associated with wind power as a renewable energy source have made it a feasible form of climate change mitigation. Recent development has led countries such as Denmark, Portugal, and Spain to devote as much as 19% of their total energy production to wind power as of 2008, and is encouraging many other developed countries to do the same. This paper performs a review of the status of offshore wind projects internationally. It considers specifically the potential of the West Wind Drift near the southernmost tip of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula as a geographically and meteorologically advantageous location for the implementation of these wind technologies. Many of the more general problems associated with the use of wind turbines are eliminated by location alone. The winds that cause the Antarctic Circumpolar Currents (ACC) have a consistent west to east pattern and are some of the strongest winds on Earth, both ideal qualities when considering the possibility of wind power, and the wind in this area has very low intermittency. The average wind speed between 40°S and 60°S is 15 to 24 knots with strongest winds typically between 45°S and 55°S. Cape Horn is about 56°S [1]. Historically, the ACC has been called the ‘West Wind Drift’ because the prevailing westerly wind and current are both eastward. Owing to the remoteness of the Cape Horn area and Antarctica, many of the social matters associated with the development of wind farms are eliminated. Obvious factors must be considered when developing in such an area. The paper will cover the engineering requirements of turbines functioning in subzero temperatures consistently as well as the long distance transmission associated with development in this area and its economic feasibility. It will also cover the environmental and regulatory issues associated with the development in such an area.
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., Golam M. Newaz, Dallin Hall, and Davison Elder. "Comparison of Tidal Current Turbine Designs in Several High Speed Locations Around the United States." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50191.
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Tidal current energy is regarded as one of the most promising alternative energy resources for its minimal environmental footprint and high-energy density. The device used to harness tidal current energy is the tidal current turbine, which shares similar working principle with wind turbines. The high load factors resulting from the fluid properties and the predictable resource characteristics make marine currents particularly attractive for power generation. There is a paucity of information regarding various key aspects of system design encountered in this relatively new area of research. Not much work has been done to determine the characteristics of turbines running in water for kinetic energy conversion even though relevant work has been carried out on ship’s propellers, wind turbines and on hydro turbines. None of these three well established areas of technology completely overlap with this new field so that gaps remain in the state of knowledge. A tidal current turbine rated at 1–3 m/s in water can result in four times as much energy per year/m2 of rotor swept area as similarly rated power wind turbine. Areas with high marine current flows commonly occur in narrow straits, between islands, and around. There are many sites worldwide with current velocities around 2.5 m/s, such as near the UK, Italy, the Philippines, and Japan. In the United States, the Florida Current and the Gulf Stream are reasonably swift and continuous currents moving close to shore in areas where there is a demand for power. In this study tidal current turbines are designed for several high tidal current areas around USA for a tidal current speed range from 1 m/s to 2.5 m/s. Several locations around USA are considered, e.g. the Gulf Stream; Mississippi River, St. Clair’s river connecting Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair’s; Colorado River within Cataract Canyon etc. Tidal current turbines can be classified as either horizontal or vertical axis turbines. In this study several designs from both the classifications are considered and modeled using SolidWorks. Hydrodynamic analysis is performed using SolidWorks Flow simulation software, and then optimization of the designs is performed based on maximizing the starting rotational torque and ultimate power generation capacity. From flow simulations, forces on the tidal current turbine blades and structures are calculated, and used in subsequent stress analysis using SolidWorks Simulation software to confirm structural integrity. The comparative results from this study will help in the systematic optimization of the tidal current turbine designs at various locations.
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Bull, Diana, and Ann Dallman. "Wave Energy Prize Experimental Sea State Selection." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62675.
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A detailed methodology was used to select the sea states tested in the final stage of the Wave Energy Prize (WEPrize), a public prize challenge sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy [1]. The winner was selected based on two metrics: a threshold value expressing the benefit to effort ratio (ACE metric) and a second metric which included hydrodynamic performance-related quantities (HPQ). HPQ required additional sea states to query aspects of the techno-economic performance not addressed by ACE. Due to the nature of the WEPrize, limited time was allotted to each contestant for testing and thus a limitation on the total sea states was required. However, the applicability of these sea states was required to encompass seven deployment locations representative of the United States West Coast and Hawaii. A cluster analysis was applied to scatter diagrams in order to determine a subset of sea states that could be scaled to find the average annual power flux at each wave climate for the ACE metric. Four additional sea states were selected, including two highly energetic sea states and two bimodal sea states, to evaluate HPQ. These sea states offer a common experimental testing platform for performance in United States deployment climates.
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Şaykol, Ediz. "On the Economical Impacts of Cloud Computing in Information Technology Industry." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00851.
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Cloud computing, as defined by United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “... is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” Goal of the study is to highlight the positive economical impacts of cloud computing for companies, which can be assessed by focusing on their business goals to make more profit. Under the cloud computing model, firms can rent as many virtual machines as they need at any given time, and either design or use off-the-shelf solutions to integrate company-wide data and then easily distribute access to users within and outside of the company. Hence, cloud computing converts fixed capital costs to variable costs, prevents under or over provisioning, and allows minute by minute flexibility. Hence, the companies concentrate on their own business goals on top on a stable and effective information technology backbone. Most literature on cloud computing reside in computer science resources. However, there is little work focusing on the social and economic significance of cloud computing in the economics literature. Hence, this paper first discusses the basics of the cloud computing along with its implications on information technology (IT) field, with paying special attention to economical aspects. Then, empirical results and elaborations are to be given to yield a conclusion.
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Kim, Gyu Dong, Lora Toy, Zachary Hendren, Young Chul Choi, Markus Lesemann, and Herve Buisson. "Integrated Forward Osmosis/Membrane Distillation Process Technology for Industrial Water Treatment and Reuse." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3767.
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Energy and water are mutually dependent, limited resources that are critical to the development and economic stability of the United States. Energy production requires large volumes of water, and water treatment and distribution requires large amounts of energy. In 2010, water and wastewater treatment accounted for roughly 1.8% of total electricity use in the United States, which corresponded to 69 TWh per year or, in terms of power-generating capacity, over 7.8 GW. Population growth and climate change will result in increased demand on these limited resources, making them not sustainable at present use levels. In recent years, both forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) have garnered significant attention as next-generation water desalination and reuse technologies with the potential to significantly reduce the energy cost associated with wastewater treatment. Critical technical hurdles and lack of operational understanding, however, have limited development of these individual technologies beyond the laboratory scale. In FO, a draw solution that produces high osmotic pressure but is still easily separable is a major challenge limiting the applicability of this process. The use of MD has been limited by membrane flooding due to oily and surfactant like compounds in industrial wastewaters and the transfer of volatile compounds across the membrane. Combining these technologies in a hybrid process overcomes their individual limitations, while exploiting the benefits of each. Effectively the FO unit pretreats the resulting diluted FO draw solution that is sent to the MD for regeneration via low-grade heat and product water recovery. The regenerated (re-concentrated) draw solution is then recycled to the FO unit. A key advantage of MD is that it is not limited by feed-solution osmotic backpressure, making it ideal for regenerating high-osmotic-pressure FO draw solutions. This, in turn, leads to strong potential for the integrated FO/MD process to treat high-salinity wastewaters that are difficult to treat economically by conventional technologies. The product water leaving the MD unit will be extremely high quality and directly suitable for reuse. With funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, RTI, in collaboration with industrial partner Veolia, has developed an integrated FO/MD process from lab to small pilot scale. In this presentation, pilot-scale testing efforts of this process technology with real industrial wastewater will be presented. Process performance data obtained on full-size FO and MD membrane modules as well as lessons learned from piloting scale-up and best application areas for the technology will be discussed.
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Rosetta, M. J., and D. H. Martens. "Vaporization of LNG Using Fired Heaters With Waste Heat Recovery." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61648.
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Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is an important component in meeting the future energy needs of the United States and other industrialized countries. The ability to locate (produce), process, liquefy, transport, and re-gasify stranded natural gas is vital to maintaining a stable long-term natural gas supply necessary for sustained economic growth [1]. Two of the key components in this supply chain are the vaporization of the LNG at the import terminal and the peak shaver trains that liquefy pipe line natural gas, store it and then vaporize the liquid to feed the gas to the pipe line when additional flow is required. This paper outlines a novel approach incorporating a traditional fired heater with waste heat recovery to vaporize LNG at an import terminal or peak shaver train while maintaining a high thermal efficiency. A comparison is made between the new technology and more conventional methods, with emphasis on emissions. Some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the design and implementation of these systems are explored in this presentation. As a fundamental cannon of ethics, engineers are obligated to address the most efficient and responsible use of resources. The environmental impact of supplying the necessary natural gas energy to industry and consumers is significant. This paper addresses these aspects as considered during the development of the alternative LNG vaporization technology.
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Ershaghi, Iraj, and Donald Paul. "Reformatting Petroleum Industry Communications for the Educational System and the Public." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210342-ms.
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Abstract The Energy Transition is creating a new operational and strategic framework for the oil and gas industry. One specific dimension of this new framework is the management of "reputational risk" and "the social license to operate." Despite the clear and demonstrable contributions of the petroleum industry to our modern industrial society, the reputation of the industry in the United States is often seen as generally negative, and improving it remains a challenge. This poor characterization is negatively affecting the flow of new investment capital and recruiting of young talents to the industry. The power of negative publicity can also unnecessarily limit the development of needed oil and gas resources and infrastructures, with long-term economic consequences for the economic health and standard of living of the society. In this paper, we propose that the new societal expectations developing as part of the Energy Transition will require a "reformatting" of the industry's communication processes for both the educational system and the public at large to correctly position the industry as a positive and vital contributor.
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Seevam, Patricia N., Julia M. Race, Martin J. Downie, and Phil Hopkins. "Transporting the Next Generation of CO2 for Carbon, Capture and Storage: The Impact of Impurities on Supercritical CO2 Pipelines." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64063.
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Climate change has been attributed to greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide (CO2) being the major contributor. Most of these CO2 emissions originate from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g. power plants). Governments and industry worldwide are now proposing to capture CO2 from their power plants and either store it in depleted reservoirs or saline aquifers (‘Carbon Capture and Storage’, CCS), or use it for ‘Enhanced Oil Recovery’ (EOR) in depleting oil and gas fields. The capture of this anthropogenic (man made sources of CO2) CO2 will mitigate global warming, and possibly reduce the impact of climate change. The United States has over 30 years experience with the transportation of carbon dioxide by pipeline, mainly from naturally occurring, relatively pure CO2 sources for onshore EOR. CCS projects differ significantly from this past experience as they will be focusing on anthropogenic sources from major polluters such as fossil fuel power plants, and the necessary CO2 transport infrastructure will involve both long distance onshore and offshore pipelines. Also, the fossil fuel power plants will produce CO2 with varying combinations of impurities depending on the capture technology used. CO2 pipelines have never been designed for these differing conditions; therefore, CCS will introduce a new generation of CO2 for transport. Application of current design procedures to the new generation pipelines is likely to yield an over-designed pipeline facility, with excessive investment and operating cost. In particular, the presence of impurities has a significant impact on the physical properties of the transported CO2 which affects: pipeline design; compressor/pump power; repressurisation distance; pipeline capacity. These impurities could also have implications in the fracture control of the pipeline. All these effects have direct implications for both the technical and economic feasibility of developing a carbon dioxide transport infrastructure onshore and offshore. This paper compares and contrasts the current experience of transporting CO2 onshore with the proposed transport onshore and offshore for CCS. It covers studies on the effect of physical and transport properties (hydraulics) on key technical aspects of pipeline transportation, and the implications for designing and operating a pipeline for CO2 containing impurities. The studies reported in the paper have significant implications for future CO2 transportation, and highlight a number of knowledge gaps that will have to be filled to allow for the efficient and economic design of pipelines for this ‘next’ generation of anthropogenic CO2.
Reports on the topic "Power resources – Economic aspects – United States"
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
Full textAbstract:
Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.