Dissertations / Theses: 'Power productions'

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Baziotopoulos, Con, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Utilising solar energy within conventional coal fired power stations." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060817.145445.

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Although the thermodynamic advantages of using solar energy to replace the bled off steam in the regeneration system of Rankine cycle coal fired power stations has been proven theoretically, the practical techno/economic feasibility of the concept has yet to be confirmed relative to real power station applications. To investigate this concept further, computer modelling software THERMSOLV was specifically developed for this project at Deakin University, together with the support of the Victorian power industry and Australian Research Council (ARC). This newly developed software simulates the steam cycle to assess the techno/economic merit of the solar aided concept for various power station structures, locations and local electricity market conditions. Two case studies, one in Victoria Australia and one in Yunnan Province, China, have been carried out with the software. Chapter one of this thesis defines the aims and scope of this study. Chapter two details the literature search in the related areas for this study. The thermodynamic concept of solar aid power generation technology has been described in chapter three. In addition, thermodynamic analysis i.e. exergy/availability has been described in this chapter. The Thermosolv software developed in this study is detailed in chapter four with its structure, functions and operation manual included. In chapter five the outcomes of two case studies using the Thermosolv software are presented, with discussions and conclusions about the study in chapters 6 and 7 respectfully. The relevant recommendations are then made in chapter eight.

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Postigo, Angela. "CONSUMING THE IMAGE: HIERARCHIES OF BEAUTY AND POWER IN US LATINO, COLOMBIAN, AND DOMINICAN CULTURAL PRODUCTIONS." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/27.

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This dissertation focuses on dominant contemporary depictions of women in order to investigate the related processes of producing and policing physical attractiveness and privilege in mainstream cultural productions. I examine how certain US Latina, Colombian, and Dominican female portrayals fit definite paradigms of ideal beauty and contribute to patterns of power within magazines, films and television, music, and literary novels. I explore the ways in which the majority of dominant representations in all three countries favor specific beauty ideals linked with an Anglo or Northern European archetype, thus limiting the acceptable model and excluding a great part of the racially mixed female population which fails to match this criterion. By studying the relationship between body image and messages that inspire anxiety for those women who fall outside of ideal beauty patterns, my analysis bridges sociological and anthropological studies within literary theories and visual culture and contributes to new perspectives on Latinidad and Tropicalism by including a trans-nationalistic approach. While much work has been done on the connection between the body and identity within the United States, scholarship within this area has been more limited within Hispanic literature and Latin American popular culture in terms of the role of power structures. While one perception of beauty is that it is merely physical, in reality racial classification and the recognition of “legitimate” beauty have tangible impacts on social matters such as access to employment, marriageability, perceptions of education, civilization, decency, and purity.

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Yandow, Chantelle. "Crack mothers, crack babies, and black male dope dealers productions of deviance during america's crack cocaine panic in the 1980s." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/529.

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A moral panic erupted during the 1980s among the American public when stories about crack cocaine saturated the media. In this thesis I analyze how discursive productions of deviancy operated in the CBS news documentary: 48 Hours on Crack Street (1986) and other print news sources at that time. Three salient characters that appear in news media discourse during the panic are "crack mothers," "crack babies," and "Black male dope dealers." The news media frightened the public with such representations (among others) and the public urged politicians to get tough on drug crime to control the so-called crack cocaine plague. Politicians responded with omnibus drug reforms that established mandatory minimum sentences and the controversial 100:1 sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine. The enforcement of the draconian drug laws that were passed in response to the crack cocaine panic continues to be a contributing factor to America's current prison crisis. Moreover, the laws are enforced in ways that disproportionately punish the poor and African-Americans. I conclude that the criminal disenfranchisement of millions of people since the 1980s relates to the media's representation of the crack cocaine "epidemic" and the legislation that was passed to control illicit drugs such as crack cocaine.
B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
Religious Studies

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Camargo, João Carlos. "O etanol como fonte de hidrogenio para celulas a combustivel na geração distribuida de energia eletrica." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263906.

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Orientador: Ennio Peres da Silva
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T04:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_JoaoCarlos_D.pdf: 1984535 bytes, checksum: ccf14c760889722980eb552f27361de8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: A produção de hidrogênio para as células a combustível é um desafio para a ampla disseminação dessa tecnologia. Produzi-lo a partir de fontes renováveis de energia, como o etanol da cana-de-açúcar, é a opção analisada neste trabalho, enfocando principalmente a tecnologia dentro do conceito da geração distribuída de energia elétrica. O objetivo da tese é avaliar a viabilidade técnica e econômica da reforma do etanol para produção de hidrogênio com a qualidade necessária para o uso em uma célula a combustível tipo membrana de troca de prótons (PEMFC). A metodologia utilizada foi o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de geração de energia elétrica baseado em um reformador de etanol e um sistema de purificação de hidrogênio. Os principais dados obtidos nesse experimento foram a eficiência global de conversão do protótipo e a quantidade e qualidade das emissões advindas da operação do mesmo. O reformador de etanol alcançou eficiência de conversão de 69%, produzindo hidrogênio ¿ após o sistema de purificação¿ com nível de monóxido de carbono (CO) inferior a 20 µmol.mol, emissões globais de 460,85 g CO2.kWh-1, 0,812 g CO.kWh-1, 2,416 g CH4.kWh-1, sem emissão de NOx e SOx para uma vazão de entrada de 0,33 mol.etanol.hora-1. Com esses valores, foi realizada a análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica, comparando o protótipo desenvolvido com outras tecnologias de geração de energia elétrica. A análise econômica baseou-se em curvas de aprendizado do comportamento do custo inicial do reformador, calculado em 8.000,00 R$.kW-1, em relação à sua produção acumulada para calcular-se o custo de geração do hidrogênio e da energia elétrica produzida ao acoplar-se o experimento a uma célula a combustível tipo PEMFC com eficiência de conversão elétrica de 45%
Abstract: The hydrogen production for fuel cells is a challenge for wide dissemination of this technology. To produce it from renewable sources of energy, such as sugar cane¿s ethanol, is the option analyzed in this work, focusing mainly the fuel cell technology inside of distributed generation concept. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of ethanol reforming for hydrogen production with the necessary quality for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The methodology used was the development of a power generation prototype based on an ethanol reformer and a hydrogen purification system. The main data obtained in that experiment were the prototype global efficiency conversion and the quantity and quality of emissions resulted from prototype operation . The ethanol reformer reached conversion efficiency of 69%, producing hydrogen - after the purification system ¿ with carbon monoxide (CO) level lower than 20 µmol.mol-1, overall emissions of 460.85 g.CO2.kWh- 1, 0.812 g.CO.kWh-1, 2.416 g.CH4.kWh-1, without emissions of NOx and SOx for a 0.33 mol.ethanol.hour-1 flow inlet. Those values were used for the technical and economical feasibility analysis comparing the prototype with others electric power generation technologies. The economical analysis based on learning curves concept of the reformer initial cost behavior, which was estimated in R$ 8,000.00 /kWe, in relation to its accumulated production to calculate the hydrogen and electric power generation production cost when joining the reformer system to a PEMFC fuel cell with 45% electric efficiency conversion
Doutorado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

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Björnfot, Karl. "Sustainable Power Production in Chile." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8388.

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This report is about how Chile can find its way towards a sustainable power production. The two major Chilean electric systems are modeled and optimized by a special optimization program for energy systems called MODEST. The model is then altered so that new sustainable energy sources can be put into the system. If these new energy sources are more economically beneficial they will enter the system. The time period that is modeled is the years 2006 to 2010 and the demand for electricity is rising between these years. 7 different scenarios where the terms for fossil fuels and renewable energies are changed in different ways is tested to see what can be done to introduce more sustainable energy into the system. The different changes include tax on carbon dioxide emissions, subsidies for new sustainable energy sources and limits in carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that:

• Taxes are an ineffective way to get more sustainable energy but can work to reduce emissions. The tax could be used to fund subsidies for cleaner energies.

• Subsidies can work to bring in more sustainable energy and if there is a possibility to use the clean development mechanisms available within the Kyoto protocol. Then it does not have to be subsidies but investments from companies in countries that have signed the Kyoto protocol.

• Waste to energy is the most cost effective new energy source, although it is questionable however this is really a renewable energy source. The author thinks that although it might not be renewable it is certainly sustainable within a foreseeable future.

• A natural gas shortage will have serious effects on the system and should be avoided at least until there are enough alternative fuels available. It is therefore important to continue encourage the development of sustainable power sources.

• Carbon dioxide limits could be used in Chile. If they are at reasonable levels they do not need to cost that much and could really help the sustainable energy sources to become more interesting for investors.

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Cheng, Mang-kong, and 鄭孟剛. "Analytical models for wind power investment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752725.

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Wind power generation has experienced an explosive growth worldwide. It is a promising renewable energy source to countries that are short of fossil fuels, e.g. China. While wind power is a distinctive direction to go for, it is still necessary to examine the rationale behind such investing mania, and this thesis analyzes the issue by collectively investment modeling. For investment analysis, it is necessary to first identify the relevant market background before inferring to any analytical model. Chapter 2 identifies a number of wind power investment scenarios in accordance to modern electricity market regime, primarily American and European structures. Among them, two main scenarios are investigated and modeled subsequently: fixed tariff wind power project invested by independent power producer and wind power project undertaken by utility. It has to be emphasized that different market scenarios would lead to different modeling methodologies for best representing the reality. Wind power is intermittent and uncertain. One way to describe the probabilistic energy production is by statistical characterization of wind power in a period of time. Chapter 3 presents a standalone analytical model of the wind power probability distribution and its higher order statistics. Large-scale deployment of wind power would influence power system in unprecedented ways. High penetration wind power poses a need of refinement to existing methodologies on production costing and reliability evaluation. The applications of the probabilistic wind power model to these topics are outlined in this chapter. In Chapter 4, investment of fixed tariff wind power project is analyzed. Operation of wind farm is very passive and as long as wind keeps blowing, such wind power investment has minimal risk in annual revenue. The low-risk profile facilitates debt financing. This leads to the attempt to manipulate the project capital structure to maximize the project levered value. Yet the default probability is raised and associated with a subjective value of default probability there is a value-at-risk debt level. I therefore propose an optimization formulation to maximize the wind power project valuation with debt as decision variable subject to the value-at-risk debt constraint. Apart from independent wind power producers, many policy and market factors driving wind power development are actually put on the utility side, e.g. Renewable Portfolio Standard (Renewable Energy Target) in U.S. (Europe) and Green Power Programs. It implies that utility has to have wind power (or other renewable) capacity ready by a certain date. In practice, utility may take action earlier if conditions are favorable or optimal. The conditions considered here are fossil fuel prices or in more general setting, electricity contract prices. Define the total fuel cost saving from conventional units as the benefit of wind power. If fuel prices are high enough, substituting load demand by wind energy is profitable, vice versa. The investment decision is analogous to premature exercising of an American option, in which the wind power project is modeled as real option. Chapter 5 offers detailed formulation of this idea.
published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Pfaff, Michael. "Power Production from Low Temperature Heat Sources." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18330.

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SummaryThis Master Thesis is a conclusion on work done as part of the Resource Optimizationand recovery in the Materials industry project (Roma). This project is involved in thedevelopment of a new technology for power production from low temperature heat sourcesfor off gases from aluminum production cells. The technology is based on an transcriticalRankine cycle with CO2 as a working fluid, as the work recovery circuit. The center ofthe test facility is the expander, a prototype provided by Obrist Engineering . 81 testswere perfomed to investigate the behavoir of the expander cycle. Effect of three mainparameters were investigated:• Effect CO2 massflow rate• Effect of heat source temperature• Effect of CO2 condensation pressureFor each parameter combination, the high pressure side of the expander cycle was variedin order to find the maximum power output.This study clearly showed limitation of the turbine which cannot maintain large pressuredifference probably due to large internal leakages. As a result, turbine outlet is highlysuperheated. This superheat is lost energy for the power cycle, and is simply dumpedinto the heat sink. One possible improvement would be to include a recuperator thatrecovers superheat after the pump.The results also indicate that the fan of the air loop is too small: increasing the CO2 flowrate to limit superheat at turbine outlet leads to turbine inlet temperature reduction.Last, for large CO2 mass flow rate (3.5 kgmin) which is required for proper operation ofthe turbine, the power generated is too large for the generator installed on the loop. Itstemperature reached 120 °C for some conditions. A new solution should be seeked.Based on experimental results, a mode of the power cycle was implemented in Pro/IIand simulations were run in order to find an improved design. The main goal is to beable to run the cycle at high CO2 mass flow rate: 3.5 kgmin. It was found that the airloop fan should be able to deliver up to 1 260 m3h . The new generator or braking systemshould be able to absorb up to 297 W.

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Midtsjø, Alexander. "Power Production from Low Temperature Heat Sources." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9902.

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As part of the energy recovery part of the ROMA (Resource Optimization and recovery in the Materials industry) project, a laboratory prototype power production system is being built and completed in 2009. The laboratory prototype is based on a new technology for power production from low to medium temperature heat sources (the off gas from electrolysis cells in the aluminum industry) where CO2 is used as a working medium in a trans-critical Rankine cycle. The laboratory rig consists of the power cycle with a prototype expander as the core unit, an air loop to provide the heat, and an ethylene glycol loop to provide condensation of the working fluid in the power cycle. As a preparation to the assembling and instrumentation of the prototype rig, a simulation and an uncertainty analysis were conducted for the prototype rig in the autumn of 2008. This report focuses on the continuation of that work by an experimental investigation of the individual loops and the components of the prototype rig. The emphasis of this investigation has been put on the air loop and the expander unit of the power cycle. This is basically because these are of great importance to the performance of the power production prototype rig. The air loop was thoroughly tested, and from the investigations it was discovered that there was an unfavorable temperature distribution of the air going into the air-to-CO2 heat exchanger. This is the heat exchanger where heat is provided to the power cycle. The source for this temperature maldistribution was identified, and solutions were investigated to improve on the problem without results. The reduced performance of the air loop was incorporated in a new simulation of the power cycle in order to quantify the consequences for the optimization of the power cycle. The simulation was carried out for warm air temperature of 80 °C. The new calculations showed a reduction in maximum net work output of 27 % compared to the original simulation. The optimal conditions for the power cycle were also changed as a consequence of the reduced air loop performance. The investigation of the expander unit revealed that the expander isentropic efficiency was a strong function of the pressure difference across the expander, and a weak function of the expander inlet pressure. It also revealed that overall the isentropic efficiency was much less than the value of 80 % which was used in the original simulation. A new simulation of the power cycle was carried out where the expander isentropic efficiency was incorporated as a function of the pressure difference across the expander. This function was based on the data from the expander testing. The simulation showed a reduction in maximum net work output from 225 W to about 60 W, for warm air temperature of 80 °C. The new expander characteristics also affected the optimization of the power cycle. The simulation results and the results from the prototype investigation will be important in the optimization and control procedures of the assembled prototype power production system.

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Lou, Yuhang. "Decarbonisation in power production and process sites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489510.

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刑衛國 and Weiguo Xing. "Evaluation and scheduling of private power production." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242522.

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Xing, Weiguo. "Evaluation and scheduling of private power production." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23295338.

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Morales, Ana. "Impact of decentralized power on power systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210841.

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Wind generation is one of the most successful sources of renewable energy for the production of electrical energy. Wind power offers relatively high capacities, with generation costs that are becoming competitive with conventional energy sources. However, a major problem to its effective use as a power source is the fact that it is both intermittent and diffuse as wind speed is highly variable and site-specific. This is translated in large voltage and frequency excursions and dynamically unstable situations when fast wind power changes. Very high wind speeds will result in sudden loss of wind generator production. The requirement to ensure that sufficient spinning reserve capacity exists within the system to compensate for sudden loss of generation becomes crucial. From the utilities operators’point of view, the primary objective is the security of the system, followed by the quality of the supplied power.

In order to guard the system security and quality of supply and retain acceptable levels, a maximum allowed wind power penetration (wind margin) is normally assumed by the operators. Very conservative methods are used to assess the impact of wind power and the consequences turn to under-exploitation of the wind power potential in a given region. This thesis presents the study of actual methods of wind power assessment, divided into three parts:

1. Part I: Impact on the Security of Power Systems

2. Part II: Impact on the Power Quality

3. Part III: Impact on the Dynamic Security of Power Systems
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Häggblom, Johan, and Jonathan Jerner. "Photovoltaic Power Production and Energy Storage Systems in Low-Voltage Power Grids." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156875.

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In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) power production have seen an increase and the PV power systems are often located in the distribution grids close to the consumers. Since the distributions grids rarely are designed for power production, investigation of its effects is needed. It is seen in this thesis that PV power production will cause voltages to rise, potentially to levels exceeding the limits that grid owners have to abide by. A model of a distribution grid is developed in MathWorks MATLAB. The model contains a transformer, cables, households, energy storage systems (ESS:s) and photovoltaic power systems. The system is simulated by implementing a numerical Forward Backward Sweep Method, solving for powers, currents and voltages in the grid. PV power systems are added in different configurations along with different configurations of ESS:s. The results are analysed, primarily concerning voltages and voltage limits. It is concluded that addition of PV power production in the distribution grid affects voltages, more or less depending on where in the grid the systems are placed and what peak power they have. It is also concluded that having energy storage systems in the grid, changing the power factor of the inverter for the PV systems or lowering the transformer secondary-side voltage can bring the voltages down.
På senare tid har det skett en ökning i antalet solcellsanläggningar som installeras i elnätet och dessa är ofta placerade i distributionsnäten nära hushållen. Eftersom distributionsnäten sällan är dimensionerade för produktion så behöver man utreda effekten av det. I det här arbetet visas det att solcellsproduktion kommer att öka spänningen i elnätet, potentiellt så mycket att de gränser elnätsägarna måste hålla nätet inom överstigs. En modell över lågspänningsnätet skapas i MathWorks MATLAB. Modellen innehåller transformator, kablar, hushåll, energilager och solcellsanläggningar. Systemet simuleras med hjälp av en numerisk Forward Backward Sweep-lösare som beräknar effekter, strömmar och spänningar i elnätet. Solcellanläggningarna placeras ut i elnätet i olika konfigurationer tillsammans med olika konfigurationer av energilager. Resultaten från simuleringarna analyseras främst med avseende på spänningen i elnätet utifrån dess gränser. De slutsatser som dras i arbetet är att solcellsproduktion kommer att påverka spänningen, mycket beroende på var i elnätet anläggningarna placeras och storleken hos dem. Det visas också att energilager, justering av effektfaktor hos solcellsanläggningarna eller en spänningssänkning på transformatorns lågspänningssida kan få ner spänningen i elnätet.

LiTH-ISY-EX--19/5194--SE

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Trivedi, Manas. "Multi-objective generation scheduling with hybrid energy resources." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202498690/.

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Ghoudjehbaklou, Hassan. "On the optimization of homeostatic utility controls as applied to small power producing facilities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15624.

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Edinger, Chad L. "Wind turbine capacity planning approximations for northwest United States utilities." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/c_edinger_0032608.pdf.

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Kontos, Adamos C. "Construction of boundary matched equivalents for off-line lead-flow-type studies and transient stability analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13697.

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Nguyen, Duy Huu Manh. "Analysing electricity markets with evolutionary computation." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0018.

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The use of electricity in 21st century living has been firmly established throughout most of the world, correspondingly the infrastructure for production and delivery of electricity to consumers has matured and stabilised. However, due to recent technical and environmental–political developments, the electricity infrastructure worldwide is undergoing major restructuring. The forces driving this reorganisation are a complex interplay of technical, environmental, economic and political factors. The general trend of the reorganisation is a dis–aggregation of the previously integrated functions of generation, transmission and distribution, together with the establishment of competitive markets, primarily in generation, to replace previous regulated monopolistic utilities. To ensure reliable and cost effective electricity supply to consumers it is necessary to have an accurate picture of the expected generation in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of prices and volumes. Previously this information was obtained by the regulated utility using technical studies such as centrally planned unit–commitment and economic–dispatch. However, in the new deregulated market environment such studies have diminished applicability and limited accuracy since generation assets are generally autonomous and subject to market forces. With generation outcomes governed by market mechanisms, to have an accurate picture of expected generation in the new electricity supply industry, it is necessary to complement traditional studies with new studies of market equilibrium and stability. Models and solution methods have been developed and refined for many markets, however they cannot be directly applied to the generation market due to the unique nature of electricity, having high inelastic demand, low storage capability and distinct transportation requirements. Intensive effort is underway to formulate solutions and models that specifically reflect the unique characteristics of the generation market. Various models have been proposed including game theory, stochastic and agent–based systems. Similarly there is a diverse range of solution methods including, Monte–Carlo simulations, linear–complimentary and quadratic programming. These approaches have varying degrees of generality, robustness and accuracy, some being better in certain aspects but weaker in others. This thesis formulates a new general model for the generation market based on the Cournot game, it makes no conjectures about producers’ behaviour and assumes that all electricity produced is immediately consumed. The new formulation characterises producers purely by their cost curves, which is only required to be piece–wise differentiable, and allows consumers’ characteristics to remain unspecified. The formulation can determine dynamic equilibrium and multiple equilibria of markets with single and multiple consumers and producers. Additionally stability concepts for the new market equilibrium is also developed to provide discrimination for dynamic equilibrium and to enable the structural stability of the market to be assessed. Solutions of the new formulation are evaluated by the use of evolutionary computation, which is a guided stochastic search paradigm that mimics the operation of biological evolution to iteratively produce a population of solutions. Evolutionary computation is employed as it is adept at finding multiple solutions for underconstrained systems, such as that of the new market formulation. Various enhancements to significantly improve the performance of the algorithms and simplify its application are developed. The concept of convergence potential of a population is introduced together with a system for the controlled extraction of such potential to accelerate the algorithm’s convergence and improve its accuracy and robustness. A new constraint handling technique for linear constraints that preserves the solution’s diversity is also presented together with a coevolutionary solution method for the multiple consumers and producers market. To illustrate the new electricity market formulation and its evolutionary computation solution methods, the equilibrium and stability of a test market with one consumer and thirteen thermal generators with valve point losses is examined. The case of a multiple consumer market is not simulated, though the formulation and solution methods for this case is included. The market solutions obtained not only confirms previous findings thus validating the new approach, but also includes new results yet to be verified by future studies. Techniques for market designers, regulators and other system planners in utilising the new market solutions are also given. In summary, the market formulation and solution method developed shows great promise in determining expected generation in a deregulated environment.

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Feng, Xiaoming. "On the probabilistic production simulation of electric power systems using equivalent load duration curve methods." Ohio : Ohio University, 1990. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1172779312.

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Hudson, Barry, and not given. "The Production of Power by Pure Rotary Means." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090213.150107.

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The chapters subsequent to the design discussion describe the evolution of the project. During the progression of the project, four case studies were undertaken. Each of these case studies involved the design of an engine, using the principles expounded in the early chapters. The parts of three of these were manufactured. The project has culminated in case study four which consisted of the conception, design and component manufacture of a new type of engine: the Hudson 5 Cycle Rotary Engine. It does not reciprocate, nor is it orbital (Sarich) and is not peritrocoidal (Mazda). It operates with pure rotary motion. It also promises to have a favourable environmental aspect due to its excellent fuel efficiency and because of its exceptional power to weight and power to size ratios plus a low component count. The small size and low number of parts make it very economical to produce, both in materials and energy.

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Zeisler, S. K., V. Hanemaayer, K. R. Buckley, B. K. Hook, S. MeDiarmid, J. Klug, J. Corsaut, et al. "High power targets for cyclotron production of 99mTc‡." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-166064.

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Introduction Technetium-99m, supplied in the form of 99Mo/99mTc generators, is the most widely used radioisotope for nuclear medical imaging. The parent isotope 99Mo is currently produced in nuclear reactors. Recent disruptions in the 99Mo supply chain [1] prompted the development of methods for the direct accelerator-based production of 99mTc. Our approach involves the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction on isotopically enriched molybdenum using small medical cyclotrons (Ep ≤ 20 MeV), which is a viable method for the production of clinically useful quantities of 99mTc [2]. Multi-Curie production of 99mTc requires a 100Mo target capable of dissipating high beam intensities [3]. We have reported the fabrication of 100Mo targets of both small and large area tar-gets by electrophoretic deposition and subsequent sintering [4]. As part of our efforts to further enhance the performance of molybdenum targets at high beam currents, we have developed a novel target system (initially de-signed for the GE PETtrace cyclotron) based on a pressed and sintered 100Mo plate brazed onto a dispersion-strengthened copper backing. Materials and Methods In the first step, a molybdenum plate is produced similarly to the method described in [5] by compacting approximately 1.5 g of commercially available 100Mo powder using a cylindrical tool of 20 mm diameter. A pressure between 25 kN/cm2 and 250 kN/cm2 is applied by means of a hydraulic press. The pressed molybdenum plate is then sintered in a reducing atmosphere (Ar/2% H2) at 1,700 oC for five hours. The resulting 100Mo plates have about 90–95 % of the molybdenum bulk density. The 100Mo plate is furnace brazed at ~750 oC onto a backing manufactured from a disperse on strengthened copper composite (e.g. Glidcop AL-15) using a high temperature silver-copper brazing filler. This process yields a unique, mechanically and thermally robust target system for high beam power irradiation. Irradiations were performed on the GE PETtrace cyclotrons at LHRI and CPDC with 16.5 MeV protons and beam currents ≥ 100 µA. Targets were visually inspected after a 6 hour, 130 µA bombardment (2.73 kW/cm2, average) and were found fully intact. Up to 4.7 Ci of 99mTc have been produced to date. The saturated production yield remained constant between 2 hour and 6 hour irradiations. Results and Conclusion These results demonstrate that our brazed tar-get assembly can withstand high beam intensities for long irradiations without deterioration. Efforts are currently underway to determine maximum performance parameters.

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Bauer, Ralph Aaron. "Inorganic membranes for power generation and oxygen production." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1556889103215598.

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Parnandi, Silpa. "Power market analysis tool for congestion management." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5187.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-71).

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Shukla, Meera. "A comprehensive approach to reactive power scheduling in restructured power systems : a dissertation presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online version, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=64&did=1342743821&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1254941671&clientId=28564.

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Swanepoel, Paul. "A forecasting model for photovoltaic module energy production." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1420.

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Energy is of concern for governments and economies all over the world. As conventional methods of energy production are facing the prospect of depleting fossil fuel reserves, economies are facing energy risks. With this tension, various threats arise in terms of energy supply security. A shift from intensive fossil fuel consumption to alternative energy consumption combined with the calculated use of fossil fuels needs to be implemented. Using the energy radiated from the sun and converted to electricity through photovoltaic energy conversion is one of the alternative and renewable sources to address the limited fossil fuel dilemma. South Africa receives an abundance of sunlight irradiance, but limited knowledge of the implementation and possible energy yield of photovoltaic energy production in South Africa is available. Photovoltaic energy yield knowledge is vital in applications for farms, rural areas and remote transmitting devices where the construction of electricity grids are not cost effective. In this study various meteorological and energy parameters about photovoltaics were captured in Port Elizabeth (South Africa) and analyzed, with data being recorded every few seconds. A model for mean daily photovoltaic power output was developed and the relationships between the independent variables analyzed. A model was developed that can forecast mean daily photovoltaic power output using only temperature derived variables and time. The mean daily photovoltaic power model can then easily be used to forecast daily photovoltaic energy output using the number of sunlight seconds in a given day.

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Furtado, Ricardo Cavalcanti. "The incorporation of environmental costs into power system planning in Brazil." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482085.

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Bou-Hasan, Abdullah Hamad. "Reliability analysis of dual-purpose (power andwater) production station." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397035.

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Jones, Daniel Edward. "Power of the informal : smallholder charcoal production in Mozambique." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23654.

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The charcoal market in Africa is an informal economy. This enables millions of people to earn a living producing, selling and trading charcoal, due to low barriers to market entry. However, research and policy on charcoal has long focused on the downsides of informality. Informal charcoal production is commonly linked to criminality, an undermining of social cohesion, poor working conditions and most of all, forest loss. These negative perspectives continue to shape our approaches to charcoal markets, despite a recent reframing of charcoal as a potential sustainable development opportunity. This thesis aims to provide an alternative perspective. I argue that by focusing on the negative aspects of charcoal production, in particular forest loss, we end up misdiagnosing the problems and excluding stakeholders. The focus on forest loss has obscured research on the role of charcoal in rural livelihoods and has led to research that is primarily interested in large-scale production providing charcoal to major urban areas. This means small-scale charcoal production has been comparatively neglected in academic research, despite its importance for rural livelihoods and overall charcoal supply. Through three empirical chapters, I provide perspectives on small-scale charcoal production, its role in rural livelihoods and some of the factors that shape this role. I strive to provide novel analytical insights by moving away from questions of charcoal’s environmental impact and towards an approach that situates charcoal within the politics of rural livelihoods. I explore these ideas using case studies from Mozambique and a mixed methods approach. The results show small-scale charcoal production is a flexible form of income, primarily used as a livelihood diversification strategy. Furthermore, charcoal production is closely linked to the agricultural practices of producers. This means that conventional theoretical approaches to forest loss that treat charcoal production as distinct from agricultural practice may misinterpret the role of charcoal production in deforestation and forest degradation. I then move on to look at approaches to charcoal market formalisation in Mozambique. The results show that the regulations, whilst shaped by a variety of processes, concentrate on governing charcoal as an environmental problem. Changes to forest management requirements within the regulations have done little to improve sustainability as they are incapable of reaching out to small producers, in part due to inherent barriers within the formalisation process - stringent forest management plans and a conceptualisation of charcoal as a full-time, professional livelihood. The picture of charcoal production that emerges from the thesis is one of a flexible cash-income generating strategy, complicated by the politics of forest loss and livelihoods at local and national levels. The results show that charcoal plays a vital role in rural economies, not only in spite of its informality, but because of it. I argue throughout the thesis that small-scale charcoal production should be seen as a livelihood strategy to be nurtured rather than neglected and marginalised. The research questions whether the formalisation and modernisation of charcoal markets can engage small producers and concludes that in order to allow charcoal livelihoods to flourish and to improve sustainability, interventions need to work with, and for, charcoal as an informal economy.

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Gunnarsson, Rickard. "Titanium oxide nanoparticle production using high power pulsed plasmas." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Plasma och beläggningsfysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-128622.

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This thesis covers fundamental aspects of process control when growing titanium oxide nanoparticles in a reactive sputtering process. It covers the influence of oxygen containing gas on the oxidation state of the cathode from which the growth material is ejected, as well as its influence on the particles oxidation state and their nucleation. It was found that a low degree of reactive gases was necessary for nanoparticles of titanium to nucleate. When the oxygen gas was slightly increased, the nanoparticle yield and particle oxygen content increased. A further increase caused a decrease in particle yield which was attributed to a slight oxidation of the cathode. By varying the oxygen flow to the process, it was possible to control the oxygen content of the nanoparticles without fully oxidizing the cathode. Because oxygen containing gases such as residual water vapour has a profound influence on nanoparticle yield and composition, the deposition source was re-engineered to allow for cleaner and thus more stable synthesis conditions. The size of the nanoparticles has been controlled by two means. The first is to change electrical potentials around the growth zone, which allows for nanoparticle size control in the order of 25-75 nm. This size control does not influence the oxygen content of the nanoparticles. The second means of size control investigated was by increasing the pressure. By doing this, the particle size can be increased from 50 – 250 nm, however the oxygen content also increases with pressure. Different particle morphologies were found by changing the pressure. At low pressures, mostly spherical particles with weak facets were produced. As the pressure increased, the particles got a cubic shape. At higher pressures the cubic particles started to get a fractured surface. At the highest pressure investigated, the fractured surface became poly-crystalline, giving a cauliflower shaped morphology.

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Diaz, Pulgar Luis Gerardo. "Lightning induced voltages in cables of power production centers." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0093/document.

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Lorsqu’un bâtiment d’un centre de production d’électricité est frappé par la foudre, il se produit une dangereuse circulation de courants dans tous les composants connectés au bâtiment: les murs, le réseau de terre, et les câbles sortant du bâtiment. L’intérêt du présent travail est d’étudier les tensions transitoires aux extrémités de ces câbles, en particulier des câbles contrôle mesure, dans la mesure où ces câbles sont connectés à des équipements électroniques susceptibles d’être endommagés par des perturbations électromagnétiques engendrées par la foudre. Une approche basée sur la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell via une méthode FDTD est adoptée. Notamment le formalisme de Holland et Simpson est utilisé pour modéliser toutes les structures constituées d’un réseau de fils minces: l’armature métallique du bâtiment, la grille en cuivre du réseau de terre, la galerie de béton et le câble coaxial de contrôle mesure. Une validation des modèles électromagnétiques développés pour chaque composant du site industriel est présentée. Une analyse de sensibilité est conduite pour déterminer l’influence des paramètres du système. En outre, la technique des plans d’expérience est utilisée pour générer un méta-modèle qui prédit la tension maximale induite aux extrémités du câble en fonction des paramètres les plus influents. Cela représentent un outil de calcul précis et informatiquement efficace pour évaluer la performance foudre des câbles de contrôle et de mesure
When lightning strikes a building in a Power Generation Center, dangerous currents propagates through all the components connected to the building structure: The walls, the grounding grid, and the cables leaving the building. It is the interest of this work to study the transient voltages at the terminations of these cables external to the building.Particularly, the Instrumentation and Measure (IM) cables, since they are connected to electronic equipment susceptible of damage or malfunctioning due to lightning ElectroMagnetic perturbations. A full wave approach based on the numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations through the FDTD algorithm is adopted. Notably, the formalism of Holland and Simpson is used to model all the structures composed of thin wires: the building steel structure, the grounding copper grid, the concrete cable ducts and the coaxial IM cables. A validation of the model developed for each component is presented. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to the determine the main parameters that configure the problem. Also, the Design of Experiments (DoE) technique is used to generate a meta-model that predicts the peak induced voltages in the cable terminations, as a function of the main parameters that configure the industrial site. This represents an accurate, and computationally efficient tool to assess lightning performance of IM cables

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Chaabna, Solène Houria. "Passivity-based modeling and power routing of a multi-source power cell for hydrogen production." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I065.

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L’hydrogène propre est une solution d’avenir pour le stockage d’électricité renouvelable. Cependant, une cellule multi-sources pour la production d’hydrogène présente de multiples phénomènes physiques, par exemple électriques, électro-chimiques, thermiques, fluidiques, etc. et la représentation des flux d’énergie y est très complexe. De plus, les échanges de puissance entre les composants de la cellule (sources renouvelables, pile à combustible, électrolyseurs, batteries) doivent être évalués de manière globale tout en préservant les réserves de puissance de chaque composant.Cette thèse propose une représentation d’état port-Hamiltonienne, dérivée d’un bond-graph, de chacun des composants d’une cellule de puissance pour la production d’hydrogène. A partir de cette représentation et des propriétés de passivité, il est possible de concevoir des algorithmes de commande. La notion de marge de passivité est introduite pour évaluer la robustesse par rapport aux incertitudes paramétriques ou aux perturbations connues. Pour chaque composant, la variation de puissance alimente un réservoir virtuel d’énergie. L’ensemble des réservoirs constitue ainsi une image des réserves de puissance du système. Au lieu d’utiliser un échange direct de puissance entre les composants et le réseau, nous proposons de gérer les flux de puissance entre les réservoirs, ce qui permet également de contrôler leurs niveaux d’énergie. La méthodologie permet de superviser en même temps la puissance et l’énergie, ce qui conduira à terme à gérer les modes opératoires de la cellule à partir des niveaux d’énergie. La méthodologie est appliquée à une plate-forme comportant des sources renouvelables, une pile à combustible et une batterie conventionnelle
Green hydrogen is emerging as a powerful solution for the storage of surplus electricity which is generated through renewable energy sources. However, a green hydrogen power cell involves multiphysics phenomena as electrical, fluidic, thermal, etc. and the representation of dynamical power flows therein is quite complex. Furthermore, the power exchange between the different components of the cell (Fuel cell, Electrolyzer, storage units, renewable sources) needs to be thought in terms of global performance while taking care of the energy reserves.This thesis proposes a Bond Graph derived port-Hamiltonian representation of all the components of a green hydrogen power cell. From this representation, it is possible to design passivity-based control algorithms. The notion of passivity margin is introduced to account for the robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties or known disturbances. For each component, the excess or shortage of power feeds an Energy Tank, which behaves as a virtual storage unit. Hence, the set of Energy Tanks is an image of the power reserves in the power cell. Instead of using conventional power routing between each component, we propose to manage power flows between the Energy Tanks, which allows us to control not only the power intensity, but also the level of energy within the tanks. Hence, the methodology enables to control both power and energy at the same time, paving the way to Operating Mode Management triggered by energy levels. An application is given on a platform including a fuel call, renewable energy sources, and a conventional storage unit

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Andersson, Magnus. "Wave Power Base Load Properties : A study on wave power base load properties and wind and wave power co-production." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162309.

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The increased introduction of renewable energy puts pressure on power producers to level peak loads, since the electrical generation from renewable sources more often than not is of intermittent nature. Good base load properties i.e. smooth and even power production over time is one of the most important characteristic a renewable source can show since that implies that less regulating power is required. This project examines the base load properties of wave power and compares them to the base load properties of wind power. This is done based on wave data from Islandsberg on the Swedish west coast and on wind and wave data recorded at Horns rev, a large wind power farm of the west coast of Jutland, Denmark. The wave energy converter (WEC) investigated is a point absorber type WEC, similar to the device developed at Uppsala University / Seabased AB. The results indicate that electrical generation from waves is less fluctuating than generation from winds. Further, wind and wave power co-production would benefit from the time delay in electric wave generation due to that the wind-generated waves continue, after the wind velocities slow down and the wind power output decreases. However, the results also show that Horns rev (and Islandsberg) have rather moderate wave climates and wind-wave co-production would be better balanced inmore energetic wave climates (deeper and/or more exposed waters).

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Smith, William Corbett. "Analysis of variances in electric power system simulation for production cost." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173467167.

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MacGregor, Paul R. "The net utility revenue impact of small power producing facilities operating under spot pricing policies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13845.

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Moleli, Christopher Teboho. "Hybrid field generator controller for optimised perfomance." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/236.

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Battery charging wind turbines like, Hybrid Field Generator, have become more popular in the growing renewable energy market. With wind energy, voltage and current control is generally provided by means of power electronics. The paper describes the analytical investigation in to control aspects of a hybrid field generator controller for optimized performance. The project objective is about maintaining the generated voltage at 28V through out a generator speed range, between 149 rpm and 598 rpm. The over voltage load, known as dump load, is connected to the control circuit to reduce stress on the bypass transistor for speeds above 598 rpm. Maintaining a stable voltage through out the speed range, between 149rpm and 598rpm, is achieved by employing power electronics techniques. This is done by using power converters and inverters to vary the generator armature excitation levels hence varying its air gap flux density. All these take place during each of the three modes of generator operation, which are: buck, boost and permanent magnet modes. Although the generator controller is power electronics based, it also uses software to optimize its performance. In this case, a PIC16F877 microcontroller development system has been used to test the controller function blocks.

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Broders, Adam C. "Combining of renewable energy plants to improve energy production stability." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042908-132847/.

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Tai, Sio Un. "Power quality study in Macau and virtual power analyzer." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586277.

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Pelletier, Alban. "Private power production and integration opportunities A case study for decentralized energy production in Senegal." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170727.

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Load shedding events are a major concern today for the Senegalese power grid, which production, transport, distribution and selling are operated by the national power company SENELEC. Even if some improvements have been made these last years through important power plant renovation campaigns, unserved energy still represented 1.5% of the total power demand in 2013. These events are mainly due to two factors: grid failure or work on the one hand (65% of unserved energy in 2013) and production lack or failure on the other hand (35% of unserved energy in 2013). If grid failure problems are being tackled by some rehabilitations and extension of the network, production lack problems will only be solved on the long term by setting up new power plants to face the increasing power demand. In order to face these power shortages, many customers have installed their own generation sources, mostly diesel generators used in case of emergency, but also more recently photovoltaic panels to both ensure power supply reliability thanks to storing batteries and reduce their electricity bills. These installations represent an important power production still unexploited today by SENELEC. The goal of this Master Thesis was then to see the potential use that could be made of these generation sources to reduce unserved energy in the short term. Diesel generators could thus be used for voluntary load shedding if properly implemented and photovoltaic installations could be connected to the grid to inject their production surplus. These two solutions were studied both from a technical and economical point of view, and their potential impact on unserved energy reduction was quantified. The results show that voluntary load shedding could actually reduce the amount of unserved energy due to production lack or failure by 40% to 80%, and that it is economically viable compared with other solutions such as production capacity renting. They also show that it is possible to connect domestic-scale photovoltaic installations to the low voltage grid without any negative impact on its operation in most of the situations met today. Finally, some recommendations were made, including proposals for voluntary load shedding implementation and the setting up of a dedicated team at Senelec for photovoltaic integration studies.

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Denbow, Christopher. "Pedagogical development and technical research in the area of geothermal power production." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55288.

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This work describes the types of power plants used for geothermal power generation in the world; the dry steam power plant, the flash steam power plant and the binary cycle power plant. The objective of the MSc work was the development of learning content on the subject of geothermal power generation for the CompEdu platform in the energy department at KTH. The power plants are described from a system perspective followed by an explanation of the operation of major components. Examples and calculations are given with the aim of illustrating which parameters are most important to the operation of each plant from a performance perspective. An important point is that the report does not go into detail for auxiliary components such as piping and valves. These components are essential from the point of view of fluid handling, however are less important in terms of understanding the mode of operation of the power plant. The power plants must consider the fact that geothermal fluid is corrosive and contains non-condensable gases. The choice of the type of geothermal power plant depends on the temperature and state of the geothermal fluid being utilised (liquid or vapour dominated). The research shows that each power plant has its own significant optimisation criteria, to summarise these: the dry steam power plant uses the selected wellhead pressure for extraction of geothermal fluid to optimise power output, the flash steam power plant uses the operating conditions in the steam separator to optimise power output and the binary cycle uses the required heat exchanger area per unit of power generated to select the optimal working fluid for power generation. Finally, innovative alternatives for power generation from geothermal resources that are on the horizon are introduced.

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Eric, MANIRAGUHA, NTAGWIRUMUGARA Etienne, and Nenad GLODIC. "UTILIZATION OF WIND POWER IN RWANDA: Design and Production Option." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240659.

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This Master Thesis is the research done in the country of Rwanda. The project leads to study the climate of this country in order to establish whether this climate could be used to produce energy from air and to implement the first wind turbine for serving the nation. After an introduction about the historical background of wind power, the thesis work deals with assessment of wind energy potential of Rwanda in focusing of the most suitable place for wind power plants. The best location with annual mean wind speed, the rate of use of turbine with hub height for an annual production per year, the mean wind speeds for 6 sites of Rwanda based on ECMWF for climatic data for one year at relief of altitude of 100m and coordinates are reported too. The result of energy produced and calculations were done based on power hitting wind turbine generator in order to calculate Kinetic energy and power available at the best location to the measurement over the period of 12 months, that could be hoped for long term. With help of logarithmic law, where wind speed usually increases with increasing in elevation and the desired wind speeds at all 6 sites were used. The annual energy production was taken into account at the best site with desired wind speed at the initial cost of turbine as well as the cost of energy (COE).However, with comparison of the tariff of EWSA, the price of Wind designed in this Research per kWh is cheaper and suitable for people of Rwanda.

I WISH TO PUBLISH MY THESIS

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BENITO, YIPSY ROQUE. "MODELING OF OFFSHORE PRODUCTION OF COLD, HEAT AND ELECTRICAL POWER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11017@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO
FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOS
O presente trabalho divide-se em dois estudos: uma análise global de sistemas de cogeração e uma modelagem de um ciclo de refrigeração por absorção. O primeiro estudo apresenta as equações dos balanços energéticos de um sistema de cogeração operando com dois motores térmicos distintos (turbina a gás e motor de combustão interna, ambos utilizando diesel como combustível). Para a produção de frio emprega-se um chiller de absorção, acionado a partir de calor de rejeito dos motores, e outro de compressão de vapor auxiliar. As equações de balanço de energia e de exergia, aplicadas a cada componente, formam um sistema não linear de equações que, resolvido, fornece o desempenho do sistema para diferentes condições de operação. O segundo estudo é parte de um projeto mais abrangente, destinado a desenvolver a tecnologia de um sistema de refrigeração por absorção. É apresentado o modelo matemático que caracteriza uma instalação de pequeno porte operando com uma mistura água-amônia. Foram aplicadas as equações de conservação de massa e energia para cada componente do ciclo, determinadas as propriedades termodinâmicas em cada ponto do ciclo e aplicadas hipóteses simplificadoras de modo a descrever matematicamente os processos físicos envolvidos. O modelo resultante foi aplicado a um sistema existente. A comparação entre os resultados previstos pelo modelo e os obtidos experimentalmente foi satisfatória. Uma vez implementados os modelos de ambos os estudos, realizaram-se simulações para casos particulares de operação, possibilitando a verificação da influência das principais variáveis sobre o desempenho dos sistemas analisados. Na solução dos modelos matemáticos foi utilizado o software EES.
The present work embodies two studies: a global analysis of cogeneration systems and an absorption refrigeration cycle model. The first study presents the main equations for energy and exergy balances of a cogeneration system operating with two distinct prime movers (a gas turbine and an internal combustion engine, both powered by diesel oil). For cooling production, an absorption chiller, driven by the prime movers` waste heat, and an auxiliary vapor compression chiller are employed. The energy and exergy balance equations were applied to each component of the system, composing a non-linear system of algebraic equations whose solution provides the performance of the system under different operating conditions. The second study is part of a broader project aiming at the development of an absorption refrigeration system. A mathematical model is presented, describing a small-size absorption refrigeration installation employing a water-ammonia mixture as working fluid. Mass and energy conservation equations were applied to each component of the cycle. Thermodynamic properties of the working fluids were calculated at each point of the cycle. Also, simplifying assumptions were applied. The resulting model was applied to simulate the behavior of an existing system. Comparison of predicted results with experimental data was satisfactory. A parametric analysis was also carried out with the simulation model. The models of both studies were implemented in ESSA software. Simulations were carried out so as to analyze the systems under particular operational conditions and to assess the influence of the main variables on system performance.

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Shimoyamada, Sho. "Production of Scottish Open Gardens : differences in perception of power." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23439.

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Open Gardens are those in private homes that have been opened as visitor attractions, where a proportion of money charged for entry is given to charity. Whilst there is a body of literature on garden visiting, there is little empirical research into garden opening. In addition, the existing studies, which were largely based on quantitative methods, do not differentiate between the roles and perspectives of the various agents who produce garden openings. This research investigates how Open Gardens, under the auspices of the charitable organisation Scotland’s Gardens, are collaboratively produced by garden openers, their helpers, volunteers and salaried staff of the organisation. The principal method of data collection was fieldwork that included participant observations from 39 site visits and 41 semi-structured interviews with the four kinds of producers. Supplementary data were generated from archival documents that record the historical development of Open Gardens. Data collected from fieldwork were analysed and categorised according to themes emerging by means of domain analysis. Each theme was carefully defined and described by creating thematic codes. After the preliminary data analysis, ongoing reading of various social theory literatures drew me towards using concepts of power to more deeply understand the nuanced ways in which the four kinds of producers work together. Hearn’s (2012) theoretical framework was employed to examine how power which differs in perception between the various agents in a given social situation operates in the production of Scottish Open Gardens. The data suggest that the meaning of legitimate power exercised by the producers of Scottish Open Gardens is often highly subjective. Some volunteers were reluctant to fully exercise their power to instruct garden openers because they assumed their request would not be accepted or that it would lead to unwanted conflict. Some garden openers concealed their intentions to show off their horticultural achievements through engagement with Scottish Open Gardens, because they perceived that others would regard pursuing such personal interests to be egocentric. The data also suggest that the production of Scottish Open Gardens is partly dependent on non-human forces such as nature or materials. The quality of gardens, the number of visitors and the amount raised for charity were determined by weather conditions, public transportation and even the refreshments on offer. The findings highlight the role of such non-human elements in the production of Scottish Open Gardens, and challenges the conventional premise that human-intentionality alone defines agency. The thesis concludes that the production of Scottish Open Gardens can be more deeply understood by considering the highly fluid, subjective and non-human ways in which power operates. There is no definitively powerful agent present, as the locus of power is continually contested between a rich and complex mixture of human and non-human agents. An implication for practice is that Scotland’s Gardens should clarify which agents may be more or less empowered in given aspects of Open Garden production, and the ways in which his or her power can and should be legitimised. The thesis also offers a broad theoretical framework which may help to more deeply understand the subtle power operations present in the co-production of outdoor leisure and tourism pursuits.

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Jin, Ziliang. "Robust Data-Driven Optimization for Production Planning with Onsite Power." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278150.

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Recently on-site power generation is considered as an effective mean to attain lowcarbonmanufacturing operations. However, there is a lack of literatures studying theproblem integrating productions and onsite power generations together. Motivated bythis, in this study I consider problems in multi-machines and multi-products manufacturingsystem incorporated with onsite generators including conventional ones andrenewable ones. To tackle this complex optimization problem, I construct five modelsamong which the first model is a basic one while remaining four models are extensionsof their previous one. In the proposed models, with the objective of minimizingthe total cost, I determine production related decisions including production scheduling,inventory levels and backorder in each time period and power generation relateddecisions such as unit commitments and power generation scheduling. And to efficientlyaddress uncertainties resulted by random products’ demands and renewablegeneration, I propose a data-driven robust optimization approach. Finally the Bender’sdecomposition algorithm is employed to solve the proposed stochastic model.And numerical results suggest contributions of onsite generators, and potentials ofproposed approach are also justified.
Generation av elektricitet på plats har nyligen blivit klassificerad som en effektivmetod som tillåter tillverkning av produkter med låga koldioxidutsläpp. Det saknasdock litteratur om hur integrationen fungerar mellan direkt generation av el och produktion.Inspirerad av denna brist, kommer jag i denna studie överväga de problemsom finns inom tillverkningen av multimaskin samt -produkt, där både den konventionellaoch förnybara fabrikssystem med platsgenerator. För att bearbeta dettakomplexa optimeringsproblem, kommer jag att konstruera fem matematiska modellervarav en av den grundläggande och resterande fyra modeller kommer vara förlängningarav den grundläggande. Syftet med modellerna är att försöka minimeraden totala kostnaden. Jag kommer att bestämma alla produktionsrelaterade beslutinklusive produktionsmängd, lagernivåerna, förhandsbeställningar, elproduktionsrelateradebeslut ex. strömförsörjningen och enhetliga åtagande, under perioder därosäkerhet finns. För effektivt hantera osäkerheter som är orsakad av slumpmässigaproduktkrav och förnybar produktion kommer jag att föreslå ett datadrivet robust optimeringsbeslut.Slutligen kommer Benders dekomposition algoritm användas för attlösa den presenterad robusta datadrivna stokastiska modellen. De numeriska resultatenverifierar platsgenerators bidragande och potentialen för de förslagna är ocksåmotiverade.

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Elfving, Gustav, and Emil Jansson. "Modelling extensive solar power production in urban and rural areas." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325004.

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Renewable energy sources, in form of solar power, is a growing source of energy. Not only at an industry level but also at a commercial level. Grid-connected, building-applied solar power has increased rapidly and as the implementation of solar energy grows, so does the importance of being able to evaluate locations that are of interest of installations with respect to its potential production and its impact on the electrical grid. In this thesis the energy production for different future scenarios is modelled for BAPV (Building Applied Photovoltaics) in Uppsala and Herrljunga. This is done by using calculation and simulation programs called MATLAB and ArcGIS. The results regarding Uppsala, are used in a report by BEESG (Built Environment Energy Systems Group) at Uppsala University to the Swedish energy agency. The grid impact of installing extensive solar power as concentrated and dispersed in Herrljunga are simulated and evaluated. Both authors has during the process been equally involved in all parts of the thesis in order to get a thorough understanding of the project as a whole. This due to the fact that the different parts of the thesis were dependent of each other (the second part could not be finished until the first were completed etc).

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Sun, Yi, and 孙毅. "Path-dependent valuation of generators in the capacity, energy and carbon markets." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45876332.

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Youngsman, John M'Kay. "An extensional mode resonator for vibration harvesting." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/j_youngsman_042109.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 19, 2010). "College of Engineering and Architecture." Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-116).

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Sharam, Andrea. "Market segmentation and domestic electricity supply in Victoria." Swinburne Research Bank, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20061109.101315.

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Thesis (PhD) - Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 2005.
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 188-207.

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Fu, Eliana Koon Yee. "Production of titanium aluminides by powder metallurgy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286396.

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Chhiba, Chetan. "Titanium alloy powder production from waste metal." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11989.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Titanium and its alloys are among the most important advanced materials in use today due to attractive properties such as high strength to weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the cost of titanium production is high, mostly due to the high cost of extraction. This has led to investigations of potentially lower cost methods such as near-net shape powder metallurgy techniques. One approach, which has the potential of producing the lowest cost powder available, involves converting titanium waste machine turnings to powder using the hydride-dehydride (HDH) process. The focus of this project is directed at this approach where a ball milling process is used to simultaneously hydrogenate and crush the titanium turnings into titanium hydride powder.

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Lindsey, Keon. "A feasibility study of oscillating-wing power generators." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FLindsey.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Kevin D. Jones, Max F. Platzer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61). Also available online.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Power productions'

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