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Journal articles on the topic 'Power pattern synthesis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Sun, Geng, Yanheng Liu, Han Li, Jionghui Li, Aimin Wang, and Ying Zhang. "Power-pattern synthesis for energy beamforming in wireless power transmission." Neural Computing and Applications 30, no. 7 (October 30, 2017): 2327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-017-3255-6.

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2

Han, Yubing, and Chuan Wan. "Scalable Alternating Projection and Proximal Splitting for Array Pattern Synthesis." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/915293.

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Array synthesis with embedded element patterns is a problem of great practical importance. In this paper, an array pattern synthesis method using scalable alternating projection and proximal splitting is proposed which considers the scaling invariance property of design specifications and constraints for the amplitudes of pattern and excitation. Under the framework of alternating projection, the scalable pattern and excitation constraint sets are first defined. Then the scalable pattern projection and iterative procedure for optimum pattern scaling factor are studied in detail. For the scalable excitation projection, it is designed as the solution to a constrained weighted least mean squares optimization, which can be solved by an effective forward-backward splitting iterative process. Finally, the selection of the weighted matrix and computational complexity are discussed briefly. Several typical linear and planar synthesis examples with or without the embedded element patterns are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and power of the proposed method.

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3

Yang, Feng, Duyu Yi, Lingna Hu, Guangda Zang, and Lianghui Ding. "Power Gain Pattern Synthesis via Successive Convex Approximation Technique." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 181807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029034.

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4

Poulton, G. T. "Antenna power pattern synthesis using method of successive projections." Electronics Letters 22, no. 20 (1986): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860714.

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5

Bucci, O. M., G. D'Elia, and G. Leone. "Reflector antenna power pattern synthesis: a general and efficient approach." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 37, no. 7 (July 1989): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.29382.

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6

Fuchs, Benjamin, and Jean Jacques Fuchs. "Optimal Polarization Synthesis of Arbitrary Arrays With Focused Power Pattern." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, no. 12 (December 2011): 4512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2011.2165492.

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7

Fan, Xuhui, Junli Liang, Yuanhang Zhang, H. C. So, and Xiaozhe Zhao. "Shaped Power Pattern Synthesis With Minimization of Dynamic Range Ratio." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, no. 5 (May 2019): 3067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2897485.

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8

Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia. "Power Pattern Synthesis of Reconfigurable Conformal Arrays With Near-Field Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, no. 1 (January 2004): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2003.820983.

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9

Tang, W., and Y. Zhou. "Frequency invariant power pattern synthesis for arbitrary arrays via simulated annealing." Electronics Letters 46, no. 25 (2010): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.3043.

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10

Nikitin, V. V., and A. D. Frantsuzov. "Antenna Array Construction Synthesis." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-1-38-42.

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The problem of linear antenna construction synthesize is first formulated and solved. Linear antenna consists of antenna array (AR) and power divider (PD). Linear omnidirectional AR with cosecant pattern is synthesized using partial-beam method. Beam-forming scheme for this antenna is based on two directional unequal splitters. The article proposes itera-tive method considering AR and beam-forming scheme mutual effect in terms of scattering matrix. Synthesis results demonstrate rapid convergence of the process and provide optimal pattern.

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11

Liang, Lei, Yachao Jiang, Jialing Liu, Hailin Li, and Jianjiang Zhou. "Pattern Synthesis of Time-Modulated Sparse Array by an OPM-CVX Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 14, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5491921.

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This paper addresses the constrained multiobjective optimization problem of time-modulated sparse arrays. The synthesis objective is to find an optimal element arrangement and associated excitation strategy of sparse arrays, which realize the balance of radiation power and sideband suppression performance with minimum number of elements, and suppress side lobe level simultaneously. A novel hybrid algorithm based on orthogonal perturbation method and convex optimization (OPM-CVX) for the synthesis of time-modulated sparse antenna array is presented in this paper. In order to satisfy the main lobe beamforming and side lobe suppression of sparse arrays, the proposed method optimizes element positions with minimum array numbers by orthogonal perturbation method and optimizes excitations of array element with dynamic range ratio constraint by convex optimization. Furthermore, a trapezoidal pulse time-modulated switching function is proposed to find the balance of radiation power and sideband suppression performance. The numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm can be an effective approach for synthesis problems of time-modulated sparse arrays.

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12

Andriychuk, M. I., V. F. Kravchenko, P. A. Savenko, and M. D. Tkach. "Synthesis of Plane Radiating Systems According to the Prescribed Power Radiation Pattern." Физические основы приборостроения 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25210/jfop-1303-040055.

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13

Khalaj-Amirhosseini, Mohammad. "Phase-Only Power Pattern Synthesis of Linear Arrays Using Autocorrelation Matching Method." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, no. 7 (July 2019): 1487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2920866.

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14

Lei, Shiwen, Haoquan Hu, Bo Chen, Jing Tian, Pu Tang, and Xiangdong Qiu. "Power Gain Pattern Synthesis for Wide-Beam Array Antenna via Linear Programming." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19, no. 12 (December 2020): 2300–2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2020.3030916.

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15

Shiwen Yang, Yeow Beng Gan, and T. Peng Khiang. "A new technique for power-pattern synthesis in time-modulated linear arrays." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 2 (2003): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2003.821556.

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16

Zhou, H., P. J. B. Clarricoats, G. T. Poulton, and S. G. Hay. "Power pattern synthesis for mesh reflectors using the method of successive projections." Electronics Letters 28, no. 19 (1992): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19921172.

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17

Wang, Mao Wen, and Bao Ping Guo. "A Synthesis Algorithm of Beam-Forming for Antenna Pattern." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.450.

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In this paper, a beam forming theory for antenna pattern is stated. The formula suitable for engineering practice is deduced through deforming activation value in formula of power pattern. The formula of beam forming and evaluation algorithm are induced, and the algorithm is simulated by using software MATLAB. For a given pattern, the corresponding activation value of each element can be figured out. The simulations reveal that the proposed algorithm can effectively meet the requirements of upper side lobe suppression and lower null-fill. The proposed method is suitable for the design of beam-forming for antenna pattern.

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18

Kim, D. H., J. W. Kang, T. R. Kim, E. J. Kim, J. S. Im, and J. Kim. "A Polyol-Mediated Synthesis of Titania-Based Nanoparticles and Their Electrochemical Properties." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18079.

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Ti-based nanoparticles were prepared in polyol mediums of EG (ethylene glycol) and TEG (triethylene glycol), with heating treatment. Ti-based materials of dried power and heated samples showed average sizes of 4, 10, 3, and 8 nm with spherical shapes and monodispersed state, respectively. The XRD patterns of TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 materials of dried powder and heated samples were indexed to anatase phase TiO2 (space group: I41/amd) and the spinel phase (space group: Fd3m) except for the dried powder sample of Li4Ti5O12, which was corresponded with amorphous-like characteristics from the X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction pattern of Field emission-TEM analysis. The TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 samples after heat-treated at 500 °C exhibited excellent high rate capabilities at a current density of 0.4 mA/cm2 during extended cycles due to their electrochemically beneficial highly crystalline characteristics, nano-sized (∼10 nm), and uniform distributions state.

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19

Garza, Leopoldo A., Marco A. Panduro, David H. Covarrubias, and Alberto Reyna. "Multiobjective Synthesis of Steerable UWB Circular Antenna Array considering Energy Patterns." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/789094.

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True-time delay antenna arrays have gained a prominent attention in ultrawideband (UWB) applications such as directional communications and radar. This paper presents the design of steerable UWB circular array by using a multiobjective time-domain synthesis of energy pattern for circular antenna arrays. By this way we avoid individual beamforming for each frequency in UWB spectrum if the problem was addressed from the frequency domain. In order to obtain an energy pattern with low side lobe level and a desired main beam, the synthesis presented is performed by optimizing the true-time delays and amplitude coefficients for the antenna elements in a circular geometry. The method of Differential Evolution for Multiobjective Optimization (DEMO) is used as the optimization algorithm in this work. This design of steerable UWB circular arrays considers the optimization of the true-time exciting delays and the amplitude coefficients across the antenna elements to operate with optimal performance in the whole azimuth plane (360°). A comparative analysis of the performance of the optimized design with the case of conventional progressive delay excitations is achieved. The provided results show a good performance for energy patterns and for their respective power patterns in the UWB spectrum.

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20

Wu, Jun Wei, Rui Yuan Wu, Xi Chao Bo, Lei Bao, Xiao Jian Fu, and Tie Jun Cui. "Synthesis Algorithm for Near-Field Power Pattern Control and Its Experimental Verification via Metasurfaces." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, no. 2 (February 2019): 1073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2882645.

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21

Vescovo, Roberto. "Power pattern synthesis for antenna arrays with null constraints in the near-field region." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 44, no. 6 (2005): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20692.

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22

Campos-Delgado, D. U., and Diego R. Espinoza-Trejo. "Educational Experiments in Power Electronics and Control Theory: D.C. Switched Power Supplies." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 47, no. 4 (October 2010): 430–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.47.4.7.

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In this paper, the design of a d.c. switched power supply is proposed as a hands-on educational tool in power electronics and classical control theory. The project's importance rests primarily in its position as part of the curricula of a Bachelors programme in electronics engineering. The core of the d.c. power supply is a d.c./d.c. switched converter, where a feedforward-feedback control loop is in charge of adjusting the switching pattern to compensate disturbances and voltage drops in the circuit. The project is structured in four major steps: d.c./d.c. converter analysis, controller design, d.c./d.c. converter construction and closed-loop implementation. All these steps are detailed in the paper, and the mathematical derivations needed by the students are clearly explained. In addition, the paper includes a full description of the electronics circuits employed in the project, with synthesis expressions that help the students to select the implementation elements.

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23

Yadlapati, Avinash, and Hari Kishore Kakarla. "Low-power design-for-test implementation on phase-locked loop design." Measurement and Control 52, no. 7-8 (June 24, 2019): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019858089.

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Low-power design for test is the need of the hour for any system-on-chip designer. The low-power design techniques have been a major challenge to both the designer as well as the testing engineer. With so many advancements in low-power technology in the phase of register transfer logic design, functional verification, register transfer logic and physical synthesis and physical design. Design for test is not an exception to this. The low-power design-for-test techniques can be applied at various levels of the design-for-test flow as in the scan insertion stage, automatic test pattern generation simulations stage, testing stage, and so on. Some of the reasons for the high-power utilization in the design-for-test phase can be due to the external circuitry being inserted during the design phase and not used in the functional mode. The complete circuit will be active in the test mode only. In this paper, the focus will be primarily on reducing the power during the automatic test pattern generation scan synthesis phase. All the scan flops are connected by a common scan clock with a fixed frequency. The intention of this study is to divide the clock frequency by half and make sure that the power is reduced without affecting any timing violations. Since the scan clock frequency is low, it can be further divided to ensure that power is reduced without affecting the testing process of the chip.

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24

Andriychuk, Mykhaylo, Petro Savenko, and Myroslava Tkach. "Non-Linear Synthesis Problems for Plane Radiating Systems According to the Prescribed Power Directivity Pattern." Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 01, no. 02 (2013): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapr.2013.12006.

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25

Wen, Y., W. S. Gan, and J. Yang. "Initial value independent optimisation for flat-top power pattern synthesis using non-uniform linear arrays." Electronics Letters 41, no. 12 (2005): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20050212.

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26

Xu, Zhiyao, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, and Yingsong Li. "Linearly Polarized Shaped Power Pattern Synthesis With Dynamic Range Ratio Control for Arbitrary Antenna Arrays." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 53621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912462.

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27

Koo, Sangmo. "Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Bio-Inspired Systems and Electrically Conductive Pattern Fabrication through Laser-Direct Writing." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030545.

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Systems existing in nature have evolved to operate efficiently over a long period of time, enabling efficient material transformation and processing. These natural systems provide hints for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles through efficient electron generation and transport towards metal ions for the reduction process. In this study, based on the efficient electron transfer mechanism between tryptophan (Trp) in the living body, the possibility of advanced silver patterning on flexible substrates has been presented through laser-direct writing. Irradiation of a low-power laser on the precursor induces the reduction of silver ions to nanoparticles. The sintering of these generated nanoparticles induces a silver conductive pattern by a photothermal/chemical reaction. The method of this study has strength as it supports the possibility of conductive pattern fabrication on various substrates (e.g., glass and PDMS) using a silver-based organic ink with low laser power compared to the conventional nanoparticle-based sintering method. It also suggests its suitability to various applications in terms of sophisticated pattern fabrication with minimized substrate denaturation.

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28

Romanuke, Vadim. "MULTIPLE DIRECTION INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION BY UNIFORM LINEAR PHASED ARRAY SIDELOBE EFFICIENT CANCELLER." Information and Telecommunication Sciences, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2411-2976.12021.33-40.

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Background. For radar systems, the beam pattern of a uniform linear array (ULA) is synthesized to ensure signal selectivity by direction. A specific ULA sidelobe is cancelled by rescaling the beam weights. In particular, this is done by increasing the number of sensors and shortening the scanning step. However, a noticeable limitation is a loss of the transmitted power. Therefore, the problem is to optimally balance the number of sensors versus effective ULA sidelobe cancellation. Objective. In order to ensure multiple direction interference suppression, the goal is to find an optimal number of ULA radar sensors for the beam pattern synthesis. The criterion is to determine such a minimum of these sensors at which mainlobes towards useful signal directions are evened as much as possible. Methods. To achieve the said goal, the ULA sidelobe cancellation is simulated. The simulation is configured and carried out by using MATLAB® R2020b Phased Array System ToolboxTM functions based on an algorithm of the sidelobe cancellation. Results. By increasing the number of ULA sensors, the beam pattern lobes are not only thinned but also change in their power. In particular, the interference direction sidelobes become relatively stronger. The number of sensors is limited by the three influencing factors: the thinned-array curse transmitted power loss, the aperture size, and the sidelobes intensification. Conclusions. An optimal number of ULA radar sensors for the beam pattern synthesis can be found when the scanning step is equal to the least distance between adjacent interference directions. At the start, the number of sensors is set at the number of useful signal directions. If the mainlobes towards useful signal directions are not evened enough, the set of interference directions is corrected. Keywords: radar phased array; beam pattern; interference direction; sidelobe cancellation; aperture size.

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29

Moon, Hae-In, Seung Geun Jo, Yujin Shin, Yeoul Kang, and Jung Woo Lee. "Fabrication of Mesh-Patterned Transparent Heater using Large-Sized Sheets of Reduced Graphene Oxide." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 60, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2022.60.8.564.

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Transparent heaters are widely used for defrosting to improve visibility, insulation or heating of buildings, and thermal treatment. Indium tin oxide (ITO), which has excellent transmittance and electrical conductivity, is one of the representative materials used for these transparent heaters. However, it has several drawbacks including high material price, limited processability in large-area, and brittleness. Here, we fabricated a mesh-patterned transparent heater utilizing an inexpensive and solution-processable material, reduced graphene oxide, as an alternative to ITO. In this study, electrical conductivity was improved by the synthesis of large-sized reduced graphene oxide (LrGO). Over 80% of transmittance was obtained by adapting mesh patterns. Moreover, to alleviate the decrease in transmittance due to diffraction by the mesh pattern, transparent heaters were prepared with six different mesh patterns by changing the space between the repeating pattern units. Comparing the transmittance values from calculations and measurements, the HH (honeycomb-honeycomb) mesh pattern was determined to have the minimum degradation of transmittance due to diffraction. In addition, the electrical/optical properties and heating performances of LrGO meshpatterned transparent heaters were compared to confirm the optimal mesh pattern. As a result, frost was completely removed within 30 seconds under a low power of 0.07 W using a H-H 85% mesh patterned heater.

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30

Krogh, Fabio, Reto Merz, Rudolf Gisler, Marco Müller, Bernhard Paolini, Jose L. Lopez, and Alfred Freilich. "Inhomogeneous feed gas processing in industrial ozone generation." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 11 (December 1, 2008): 2077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.760.

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The synthesis of ozone by means of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is extensively used in industry. Ozone generators available on the market differ in ozone production capacities, electrode arrangements and working parameters, but operate with a uniformly distributed filamentary discharge plasma pattern. In the presented work the benefits of inhomogeneous feed gas processing are explored. Causality between power induction, production efficiency and working parameters are investigated. Different electrode arrangements, evenly distributed within a given space parameter, were designed, simulated, manufactured and tested on a representative scale. A finite element model was utilized to simulate an inhomogeneous power induction pattern along the ozone generator tube. The simulation yielded the local power density, the local gas temperature gradient and the relative DBD packing density. Results show that the degree of filamentation turns out to be decisive, indicating a new potential by means of plasma tailoring. An arrangement with a pronounced power induction at the inlet of the ozone generator revealed several advantages over homogeneous plasma processing arrangements, for which an increase in robustness and a reduction in electrical power consumption are achieved.

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31

Dubey, S. K., D. Mandal, and A. K. Mishra. "Highly Directive Array Pattern Synthesis in Different phi Planes of a Large CCRAA Using Array Thinning Technique." Advanced Electromagnetics 11, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1828.

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This paper presents a pattern synthesis method of a sizeable concentric circular ring array (CCRAA) of isotropic antennas using Evolutionary Algorithms. In this method, the array is thinned using the optimum set of binary excitations to achieve the desired highly directive pencil beam patterns with lower peak side lobe level(SLL). The half-power beam width and first null beam width is kept constant to obtain such highly directive beam patterns with lower peak SLL. This pattern is not synthesized to a particular azimuth plane rather in four different ' planes from entire azimuth planes. The isotropic elements are uniformly spaced in the concentric ring. The achieved set of optimum amplitudes are constructed with either 1 or 0 using Differential Evolutionary Algorithm(DE), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO). These excitations show the state of the elements. The elements are in “ON” state or in “OFF” state depending upon the excitation ‘1’ or ‘0’. It is also helpful to reduce the complexity of the feed networks. The excitations are also verified in the whole range (0o <phi<360o) of ' planes by selecting four phi planes arbitrarily. The outcomes established the superiority of GA and DE over PSO and also the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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32

Liu, Yanhui, Jingjing Bai, Kai Da Xu, Zhiyao Xu, Feng Han, Qing Huo Liu, and Y. Jay Guo. "Linearly Polarized Shaped Power Pattern Synthesis With Sidelobe and Cross-Polarization Control by Using Semidefinite Relaxation." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 6 (June 2018): 3207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2816782.

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33

Yang, Lin Lin, Yong Gang Wang, Yu Jiang Wang, and Xiao Feng Wang. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO₃ Polyhedral Crystallites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.508.

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BiFeO3 polyhedrons had been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared products were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanisms for the formation of BiFeO3 polyhedrons were discussed. Though comparison experiments, it was found that the kind of precursor played a key role on the morphology control of BiFeO3 crystals.

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34

Zhang, Ying, DanNi Zhao, Qiong Wang, ZhengBin Long, and Xiaofeng Shen. "Tolerance Analysis of Antenna Array Pattern and Array Synthesis in the Presence of Excitation Errors." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3424536.

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This paper analyzes array pattern tolerance against excitation errors. The nonprobabilistic interval analysis algorithm is used for tolerance analysis of the nonideal uniform linear array in this work. Toward this purpose, corresponding interval models of the power pattern functions are established, respectively, with the consideration of the amplitude errors, phase errors, or both simultaneously, in antenna arrays. The tolerance for the amplitude-phase error of the main function parameters including the beamwidth, sidelobe level, and the directivity is simulated by computer according to the indicators and the actual requirements. Accordingly, the worst admissible performance of an array can be evaluated, which may provide theoretical reference for optimal antenna array design. As for the problem of array synthesis in the presence of various array errors, interval analysis-convex programming (IA-CP) is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed IA-CP based synthesis technique is robust for the amplitude and phase errors.

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35

Choi, Yoon-Seon, Ji-Hun Hong, and Jong-Myung Woo. "Array Synthesis Horn Antenna with an Extended Horn and a Stepped Corrugated Structure for High-Power Microwave Applications." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.2.110.

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This study proposes an array synthesis horn antenna with an extended horn and a stepped corrugated structure for a high-power microwave system. The horn antenna is designed by joining four pyramidal horn antennas and an extended horn to obtain a high gain. To improve the beam pattern in the H-plane, the length of the vertical junction of the pyramidal horns is controlled. Two-stepped and partitioned corrugated structures are attached to both horizontal edges of the aperture for a good front-to-back ratio. The designed 2 × 2 array synthesis horn antenna has a gain of 19.7 dBi and front-to-back ratio of 39.6 dB in the measurement.

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36

Rajabai C, Prayline, Harish J, and Sivanantham S. "Hardware Implementation of Diamond Search Algorithm for Motion Estimation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.27922.

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Motion estimation one of the advanced technique adapted in the industry for video coding and implemented in various applications. This work is focused on the efficient hardware implementation of the diamond search algorithm architecture. Among all the other Fast Search algorithms like three-step search, new three-step search, four-step search and diamond search (DS), the diamond search algorithm maintains the diamond shape search pattern and it gives faster search pattern and minimum absolute difference. When compared with the original diamond search (DS) algorithm, this modified diamond search algorithm requires less area and power maintaining the same performance. Other than the architectural level changes the low power synthesis is done and the results show that this design can be implemented effectively for an application that require fast search with low power requirements like IoT and sensor devices. The design has been implemented using Verilog HDL, synthesized using Synopsys DC compiler using 90nm technology.

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37

Haußmann, Peter, and Joachim Melbert. "Optimized mixed-domain signal synthesis for broadband impedance spectroscopy measurements on lithium ion cells for automotive applications." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-65-2017.

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Abstract. A new impedance spectroscopy measurement procedure for automotive battery cells is presented, which is based on waveform shaping. The method is optimized towards a short measurement duration, high excitation power and increased frequency resolution and overcomes limitations of established methods. For a given spectral magnitude profile, a corresponding time domain waveform is derived from the inverse discrete Fourier transform. Applying an identical initial phase angle for each frequency component, the resulting signal exhibits a high peak-to-peak amplitude at relatively low total excitation power. This limits the maximum allowed power for quasi-linear excitation. Altering the phase angles randomly spreads the excitation power across the complete measurement duration. Thereby, linearity is preserved at higher excitation power. A large set of phase patterns is evaluated statistically in order to obtain a phase pattern with a significant peak-to-peak amplitude decrease. By means of numerical optimization, even further peak-to-peak amplitude reduction is achieved. Including window functions in the synthesis concept minimizes spectral leakage without compromising the spectral signal magnitude in the frequency range of interest. A time domain waveform optimized for impedance spectroscopy on lithium ion cells is synthesized based on the proposed approach and evaluated on real automotive cells. The resulting impedance data show good concordance with established standard measurement procedures at significantly reduced measurement duration and charge throughput. Additionally, increased frequency resolution is achieved, enhancing the level of detail of the obtained impedance data. The method is used for improved localization of aging effects in the cells, without further stress of the cells by the measurement procedure.

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38

Andriychuk, M., O. Bulatsyk, and M. Voytovych. "Applying the concept of generating polynomials to the antenna synthesis problem by power criterion." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 1, no. 2 (2014): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2014.02.121.

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The antenna synthesis problem according to the prescribed power radiation pattern with the equality norm condition is considered. It is solved by the approach based on the concept of generating polynomials. The variational formulation, supplied by the Lagrange method of multipliers, is applied. The Lagrange--Euler equation for obtained functional is a nonlinear integral equation of the Hammerstein type. The polynomial approach is described for a generalized equation of this type, which holds for different types of antennas. The modified Newton method is used for numerical solving of the respective systems of integro-transcendental equation. The approach is applied to the concrete problems related to the linear antenna, equidistant antenna array, and the circular aperture antenna. The numerical results are obtained and analyzed.

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Salas-Sánchez, Aarón Ángel, Cibrán López-Álvarez, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-González, María Elena López-Martín, and Francisco José Ares-Pena. "An Improved Pattern Synthesis Iterative Method in Planar Arrays for Obtaining Efficient Footprints with Arbitrary Boundaries." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072358.

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In the present paper, an iterative technique devoted to reproducing efficient footprints with arbitrary boundaries for planar arrays is addressed. The methodology here depicted is based on exploiting the nature of the continuous aperture distribution by expressing it as a Fourier series of moderately high orders. In this manner, the resulting illumination boundary is defined by a target three-dimensional flat-topped pattern composed of stretching and shrinking modified circular Taylor patterns and the maximum order of the series to obtain a good reconstruction is determined by means of the iterative process. Examples and comparisons with the previous literature were conducted by analyzing square and rectangular contoured beams as test cases. Additionally, interesting potentials regarding space applications from a geostationary satellite are outlined by means of the EuTELSAT (European Telecommunications Satellite Organization) European coverage case study. In such a way, its numerical approach was analyzed by including subarray architectures and discussing improvements about dynamic range ratio of the excitations without critical power losses within the illumination region.

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Wang, Jinpeng, Zhengpeng Ye, Tarun M. Sanders, Bo Li, and Nianyu Zou. "A Novel Linear Antenna Synthesis for Linear Dispersion Codes Based on an Innovative HYBRID Genetic Algorithm." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091176.

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As far as taking-away of the symmetry constraints is concerned, as a scientifically symmetry problem, the global synthesis for antenna arrays that produce the desired radiation pattern is also a highly nonlinear optimization issue in fact. Besides this, the built criteria offer the reasonable power patterns. The consequent synthesis could be implemented by looking for a nominal pattern. When the criteria are already sufficient, it can simply do the whole synthesis process. To utilize multiple antennae, a method to choose a transmit antenna for the linear dispersion codes (LDC-TAS) is implemented in this paper. The authors used the max–min-post- signal to noise ratio (SNR) criteria to select these optimal transmitting antennae while this dependent, linear receiver is applied to the varying and slow channel. The simulated results illustrate that this max–min-post-SNR criterion outperforms the Bell Labs layered space time transmitting antenna selection (BLAST-TAS) applying the same spectral efficiency than space–time block codes (STBC)-TAS in the environment with low SNR. Furthermore, once the M antennae are selected under the selection criteria, a max–min-post-SNR rule, a novel linear antenna synthesis to linear dispersion codes on the basis of an innovative HYBRID (of mixed characters or solutions) genetic algorithm has been presented and evaluated to formulate and address the optimal problem to non-uniformly spaced and linear arrays. The restricted side-lobes level, the main-lobe width, and the shaped beam pattern are contemporarily concerned via maximizing a pretty suitable cost function through the innovational advanced genetic-algorithm-based algorithm. The method proposed in this paper can provide flexibility and a simple insertion of the a priori knowledge under a small computing pressure. At last, a computing simulation is completed well and the results are shown. It should be noticed that some extensions of the presented method could also be easily utilized without an obvious increase in the algorithm complexity.

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Savenko, P. O., and V. J. Anokhin. "Synthesis of amplitude-phase distribution and shape of a planar antenna aperture for a given power pattern." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45, no. 4 (April 1997): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.564102.

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Poveda-Garcia, Miguel, David Canete-Rebenaque, and Jose Luis Gomez-Tornero. "Frequency-Scanned Monopulse Pattern Synthesis Using Leaky-Wave Antennas for Enhanced Power-Based Direction-of-Arrival Estimation." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, no. 11 (November 2019): 7071–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2925970.

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Tenreiro Machado, J. A., António C. Costa, and Maria Dulce Quelhas. "Can Power Laws Help Us Understand Gene and Proteome Information?" Advances in Mathematical Physics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/917153.

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Proteins are biochemical entities consisting of one or more blocks typically folded in a 3D pattern. Each block (a polypeptide) is a single linear sequence of amino acids that are biochemically bonded together. The amino acid sequence in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene or several genes encoded in the DNA-based genetic code. This genetic code typically uses twenty amino acids, but in certain organisms the genetic code can also include two other amino acids. After linking the amino acids during protein synthesis, each amino acid becomes a residue in a protein, which is then chemically modified, ultimately changing and defining the protein function. In this study, the authors analyze the amino acid sequence using alignment-free methods, aiming to identify structural patterns in sets of proteins and in the proteome, without any other previous assumptions. The paper starts by analyzing amino acid sequence data by means of histograms using fixed length amino acid words (tuples). After creating the initial relative frequency histograms, they are transformed and processed in order to generate quantitative results for information extraction and graphical visualization. Selected samples from two reference datasets are used, and results reveal that the proposed method is able to generate relevant outputs in accordance with current scientific knowledge in domains like protein sequence/proteome analysis.

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Rinaudo, Paolo, and Richard M. Schultz. "Effects of embryo culture on global pattern of gene expression in preimplantation mouse embryos." Reproduction 128, no. 3 (September 2004): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00297.

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Culture of preimplantation embryos affects gene expression. The magnitude of the effect on the global pattern of gene expression, however, is not known. We compared global patterns of gene expression in blastocysts cultured from the one-cell stage in either Whitten’s medium or KSOM + amino acids (KSOM/AA) with that of blastocysts that developed in vivo, using the Affymetrix MOE430A chip. The analysis revealed that expression of 114 genes was affected after culture in Whitten’s medium, whereas only 29 genes were mis-expressed after culture in KSOM/AA. Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer was used to identify biological and molecular processes that are perturbed after culture and indicated that genes involved in protein synthesis, cell proliferation and transporter function were down-regulated after culture in Whitten’s medium. A common set of genes involved in transporter function was also down-regulated after culture in KSOM/AA. These results provide insights as to why embryos develop better in KSOM/AA than in Whitten’s medium, and highlight the power of microarray analysis to assess global patterns of gene expression.

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Brus, Zan, Marko Kos, Matic Erker, and Iztok Kramberger. "Real-Time FPGA Accelerated Stereo Matching for Temporal Statistical Pattern Projector Systems." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 6435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196435.

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The presented paper describes a hardware-accelerated field programmable gate array (FPGA)–based solution capable of real-time stereo matching for temporal statistical pattern projector systems. Modern 3D measurement systems have seen an increased use of temporal statistical pattern projectors as their active illumination source. The use of temporal statistical patterns in stereo vision systems includes the advantage of not requiring information about pattern characteristics, enabling a simplified projector design. Stereo-matching algorithms used in such systems rely on the locally unique temporal changes in brightness to establish a pixel correspondence between the stereo image pair. Finding the temporal correspondence between individual pixels in temporal image pairs is computationally expensive, requiring GPU-based solutions to achieve real-time calculation. By leveraging a high-level synthesis approach, matching cost simplification, and FPGA-specific design optimizations, an energy-efficient, high throughput stereo-matching solution was developed. The design is capable of calculating disparity images on a 1024 × 1024(@291 FPS) input image pair stream at 8.1 W on an embedded FPGA platform (ZC706). Several different design configurations were tested, evaluating device utilization, throughput, power consumption, and performance-per-watt. The average performance-per-watt of the FPGA solution was two times higher than in a GPU-based solution.

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Xu, Le, Rui Li, Xiaoqun Chen, Feng Wei, and Xiaowei Shi. "Wideband Frequency Invariant Array Synthesis Based on Matrix Singular Value Decomposition." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10162039.

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In this paper, an analytic method for frequency invariant (FI) array synthesis is proposed based on matrix singular value decomposition. By grouping the elements of FI array into a few subarrays, the FI pattern in the whole frequency band is realized. Using this algorithm, the number of sub arrays is reduced. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can synthesize the 64-element broadband FI array in 0.52 s. For the 18-element linear array, the half power beam width (HPBW) changes less than 0.6 degrees in the bandwidth. Moreover, the range of HPBW variation decreases rapidly along with the increase in the number of elements. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by synthesizing FI array with low side lobe level (SLL), beam scanning, and notch requirements. The examples in this paper show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better pattern characteristics with fewer elements. Finally, a broadband antenna with 2:1 bandwidth is improved, and two FI arrays of 23 elements and 64 elements are formed by using the antenna. The active pattern of the array element is introduced into the proposed algorithm, and two FI arrays synthesized by the algorithm are simulated by full wave software.

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Bovolenta, Yves Rafael, Diego Resende Rodrigues, Edmilson Bianchini, and José Antonio Pimenta. "Population structure of understory, canopy/emergent tree species in Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants with different Conservation status." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (September 7, 2021): e487101119897. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19897.

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The size and spatial structures of populations are a synthesis of demographic attributes and indicators of competitive ability, colonization, and survival. In this study, the objective was to analyze the height and spatial pattern of an understory and canopy/emergent tree populations group in two protected fragments of seasonal semideciduous forest, one with a history of selective logging and another without selective logging evidences. Six species with high importance values (IV) from different guilds were selected and height and spatial pattern analysis was realized in both areas. Then, comparison of results was realized in an area with history of selective logging and another without selective logging evidences. Differences in height and spatial pattern were found between the two areas, including species not directly exploited. In Logged Forest the size structure for all species presented a higher coefficient of skewness, showing a greater proportion of young trees. Random distribution was observed for the majority of species in both areas. Some emergent/canopy species had a deficit of individuals in the largest size classes and the majority of understory species showed more individuals in Logged Forest. Selective Logging changed the pattern of populations. Selecting species based on IV together with spatial patterns data contribute to demonstrating the impacts of exploitation. The Logged Forest is surrounded by an agricultural matrix, limiting arrival and dispersion of propagules of shade-tolerant species. Efforts to connect surroundings fragments to Logged Forest will be necessary.

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Li, Ming, Yanhui Liu, and Y. Jay Guo. "Shaped Power Pattern Synthesis of a Linear Dipole Array by Element Rotation and Phase Optimization Using Dynamic Differential Evolution." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, no. 4 (April 2018): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2018.2812816.

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Kumar, Prabhat, Jaspinder Kaur, and Anurag Kumar Tiwari. "Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese dioxide Agglomerated Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Application." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012052.

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Abstract Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoflakes were effectively produced at ambient temperature using a solution technique. The SEM, XRD, BET, and electrochemical tests were used to investigate the characteristics of the produced materials (MnO2). The XRD pattern of the manganese oxide sample obtained reveals that it possesses crystal structure. The morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope image, which confirmed the development of nanoflakes in the 70-100 nm diameter range. The higher specific capacitance achieves 200 Fg-1 at current density and at scan rate of 0.5 A/g and 5 mv/s respectively. For the highest specific capacitance, the obtained value of power density and energy density are of 257.14 w/kg and 25 w.h/kg respectively.

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Jankowski-Mihułowicz, Piotr, Mariusz Węglarski, Wojciech Lichoń, Mateusz Chamera, Patryk Pyt, and Cezary Ciejka. "Synthesis of Antennas for Active Glazing Unit with Photovoltaic Modules." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206632.

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The problem considered in the paper concerns the synthesis process of antennas for autonomous semi-passive RFID transponder/sensors dedicated to active glazing units. Glazing units are frequently used in modern multi-storey buildings to create amazing facades. When they are integrated with photovoltaic (PV) modules, active units are obtained. It is desirable, mainly for economic reasons and in order to ensure the high efficiency of a micro-photovoltaic power plant, that active glazing units are equipped with a system for monitoring their operating parameters. In connection with this, design problems occur that fall within the fields of sensor technology and radio communications. The main purpose of the presented study was to prepare appropriate input data for design tools used in the synthesis of antenna systems in the UHF band. Many important issues are considered including: proximity to structural elements of the building facade and PV cells, which disturbs the shape of the radiation pattern and affects the impedance parameters of the antenna system; the need to ensure easy integration of the RFID sensor and the specified object, without significant interference in the production of glazing units; appropriate shaping of the radiation pattern in order to enable reading and writing of the RFID tag from both inside and outside the building; impedance matching to the selected RFID chip in the broadest possible frequency range, etc.

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