Journal articles: 'Power operation and distribution'

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Yang, M., Y. Shi, and J. Zhang. "Efficient Operation Regions of Power Distribution Transformers." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 19, no. 4 (October 2004): 1713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2003.822980.

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Silva, Fernando A. "Electric Power: Distribution Emergency Operation [Book News]." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 13, no. 1 (March 2019): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mie.2019.2893469.

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Dai, Zikuo, Yan Xu, Kejian Shi, Yang You, and Bingxin Li. "Reliability Relation Extraction Technology of Power Distribution Equipment Based on Machine Learning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2296, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2296/1/012009.

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Abstract As the key link of power transmission in the power distribution system, the distribution transformer is the core of the entire power distribution system and is responsible for the electrical connection between the medium voltage side and the low voltage side, and based on this to further ensure the stable operation of the power distribution system. Data types, sources, selection principles and data processing methods relate to the operating state of distribution transformers; then expound the meaning of operating state indicators, and build a distribution transformer operating state index model; finally, an improved weight method is used to determine the distribution transformers of the weight coefficient of the running status indicator. Therefore, it is appropriate to verify the membership function and membership matrix selected in this paper. It is suitable for the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation calculation of the reliability of distribution transformers, which verifies the accuracy of the reliability evaluation results. The maintenance strategy of distribution transformers based on reliability assessment can be optimized according to the operation status of the equipment so as to improve the operation reliability of distribution transformers and ensure the safe, reliable and economical operation of the equipment. The maintenance strategy of distribution transformers based on reliability assessment can be optimized according to the operation status of the equipment, which is to improve the operation reliability of distribution transformers and ensure the safe, reliable and economical operation of the equipment.

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Srećković, Nevena, Miran Rošer, and Gorazd Štumberger. "Utilization of Active Distribution Network Elements for Optimization of a Distribution Network Operation." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123494.

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Electricity Distributions Networks (DNs) are changing from a once passive to an active electric power system element. This change, driven by several European Commission Directives and Regulations in the energy sector prompts the proliferated integration of new network elements, which can actively participate in network operations if adequately utilized. This paper addresses the possibility of using these active DN elements for optimization of a time-discrete network operation in terms of minimization of power losses while ensuring other operational constraints (i.e., voltage profiles and line currents). The active elements considered within the proposed optimization procedure are distributed generation units, capable of reactive power provision; remotely controlled switches for changing the network configuration; and an on-load tap changer-equipped substation, supplying the network. The proposed procedure was tested on a model of an actual medium voltage DN. The results showed that simultaneous consideration of these active elements could reduce power losses at a considered point of operation while keeping the voltage profiles within the permitted interval. Furthermore, by performing a series of consecutive optimization procedures at a given time interval, an optimization of network operations for extended periods (e.g., days, months, or years) could also be achieved.

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Sun, Xiaoxin, Hailong Ye, Yan Li, Fenyu Huangfu, and Chenxu Zhao. "Optimal Operation Of Distribution Network With Photovoltaic." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2186, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2186/1/012001.

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Abstract As a clean, renewable and abundant new energy, photovoltaic power generation has gradually gained people’s favor after wind power. Affected by weather, light intensity and temperature, the output of photovoltaic power generation has obvious fluctuation and uncertainty, which seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of power system. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the optimal operation of distribution network containing photovoltaic. In this paper, the short-term output characteristics of photovoltaic power generation are studied, and the short-term output model of photovoltaic power generation is established by using the probability distribution of “clear sky index”. On this basis, based on the power flow calculation principle of DistFlow, the operation optimization model of distribution network with photovoltaic power plants is established, and the stochastic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation are flexibly handled by the opportunity constraint method. Using this model, the influence of the stochastic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation on the day-ahead dispatching and reserve capacity of distribution network is calculated and analyzed.

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Krstić, Nikola, Dragan Tasić, and Dardan Klimenta. "Poboljšanje rada distributivne mreže u uslovima velikih opterećenja korišćenjem fotonaponskih i sistema za skladištenje energije." Energija, ekonomija, ekologija XXIV, no. 2 (2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee22-2.19k.

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This paper considers the improvement of distribution network operation in high load conditions using photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems (ESS). Optimal locations and powers of PV systems and ESS, considering the improvement of distribution network operation, are determined by metaheuristic optimization method of genetic algorithm (GA), where losses in distribution network and its voltage profile are used as quality indicators for distribution network operation. Two approaches are used to determine the optimal power of PV system during the day, depending on the ratio of injected power into the network by the PV system and its maximum available power at a given time. Cases with different load distributions in the distribution network are analyzed, as well as the cases with different number of connected PV systems and ESS. Based on the obtained results, in addition to determining the level of distribution network operation improvement, conclusions are given regarding the impact of load diagram on the number, location and size of PV systems and ESS.

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Rana, Md Masud, Akhlaqur Rahman, Moslem Uddin, Md Rasel Sarkar, SK A. Shezan, C. M. F. S. Reza, Md Fatin Ishraque, and Mohammad Belayet Hossain. "Efficient Energy Distribution for Smart Household Applications." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062100.

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Energy distribution technique is an essential obligation of an intelligent household system to assure optimal and economical operation. This paper considers a small-scale household system detached from the power grids consisting of some electrical components in day-to-day life. Optimal power distribution generated from a photovoltaic system is vital for ensuring economic and uninterrupted power flow. This paper presents an optimal energy distribution technique for a small-scale smart household system to ensure uninterrupted and economical operation. A photovoltaic (PV) system is considered as the primary generation system, and a battery energy storage system (BESS) is viewed as a backup power supply source. The actual load and PV generation data are used to validate the proposed technique collected from the test household system. Two different load profiles and photovoltaic power generation scenarios, namely summer and winter scenarios, are considered for case studies in this research. An actual test household system is designed in MATLAB/Simulink software for analyzing the proposed technique. The result reveals the effectiveness of the proposed technique, which can distribute the generated power and utilize the BESS unit to ensure the optimal operation. An economic analysis is conducted for the household system to determine the economic feasibility. The capital investment of the system can be returned within around 5.67 years, and the net profit of the system is 2.53 times more than the total capital investment of the system. The proposed technique can ensure economical operation, reducing the overall operating cost and ensuring an environment-friendly power system. The developed strategy can be implemented in a small-scale detached interconnected smart household system for practical operation to distribute the generated energy optimally and economically.

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Wang, Chen, Fu Yang, Xiuqiang Chen, Houming Song, and Zhihua Li. "Multi-object optimal configuration of energy storage-photovoltaic capacity in AC/DC active distribution network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012041.

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Abstract The AC/DC active distribution network is considered as an efficient way to achieve intelligent use of electricity. However, the economical configuration of distributed generation is critical for system economic operation. In the power distribution network, the economic operation mode of the photovoltaic power generation, storage battery and load are established firstly. Considering the cost of equipment installation, replacement, operation and maintenance, power purchase cost, and power sales profit, the use life of battery and security constraint, a multi-object economics evaluation function is then established. By optimizing the install capacity of distributed power generation, the operating economy of the distribution network is significantly improved. Finally, using the operating data of the partner-type intelligent power generation system in Lianyungang, the total cost of the operating state is calculated to determine the optimal capacity allocation scheme of the system, and the effectiveness of the proposed capacity allocation method is verified.

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Chukwu, Uwakwe Christian, and Satish M. Mahajan. "Impact Assessment of V2G on the Power Loss of Unbalanced Radial Distribution Network." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 5 (August 6, 2013): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2012-0012.

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Abstract Electric distribution feeders are inherently unbalanced and therefore have potential for severe power loss. The penetration of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) into the distribution feeders is expected to impact the power losses in the system. This is a pressing issue since power loss affects the operations, economics, and quality of service for the electric power systems. In this article, the impact of V2G parking lots on power losses of a radial distribution network is investigated. Two test networks were used in the study, namely: IEEE 13 and IEEE 123 Node test feeder networks. The test feeders and the V2G facilities were modeled in Radial Distribution Analysis Package (RDAP). Load flow results provided information on the power losses of the network. Results show that for a given penetration level, the impact of 3-phase and system-wide V2G integration on the power loss results in less power losses than 1-phase V2G integration. Results also indicate that operating the entire system such that V2G facilities will not compromise “near-balanced” state of operation and will have an improved impact on the power loss than highly unbalanced operation. The results obtained will be a useful tool for studying the impact of V2G on the power loss of a distribution network.

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Peng, Qingwen, Zhichang Yuan, Bin Ouyang, Peiqian Guo, and Lu Qu. "Research on the Optimal Operation Method of DC Microgrid Base on the New DC Power Distribution Management System." Electronics 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010009.

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The grid-connected operation of the distributed generation (DG) via the direct current (DC) microgrid is the operation mode of the DC power distribution system in the future. Considering the grid-connected operation of multiple DC microgrids, we have proposed a new type of DC power distribution management system aiming at the lowest operating cost of the entire DC power distribution system. Our proposed DC power distribution management system can be used to carry out the optimized dispatching for the connected DC microgrids, thereby achieving the economic, safe, and stable operation of DC power distribution management systems. At the same time, through the different nodes where the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is connected to the alternating current (AC) distribution network, a DC power distribution management system can control the active and reactive power generated by the MMC, achieving the control of the load flow of the upper-stage AC grids in real time. The example simulation shows that the method proposed in this paper has a great role in reducing the transmission losses of the power distribution network, achieving electric power peak-load shifting, and utilizing renewable energy. Thus, it can not only maximize the use of distributed renewable resources, but also enable mutual support and optimal scheduling between a DC power distribution system and multiple microgrids.

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Sinha, Praveer, Ravi Shankar, Prem Vrat, and Shweta Mathur. "Power distribution reforms." Journal of Advances in Management Research 17, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 226–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-02-2019-0023.

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Purpose Distribution and retail supply of electricity is the most important cog in the power sector value chain. Despite several reforms, most of the Discoms are facing huge financial losses and resorting to a tariff hike which may not be a viable solution. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a case study of Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd (Tata Power-DDL) which inoculated itself against the financial ills, and demonstrates how a utility can nurture itself and manage the key stakeholder expectation with innovation, ethics, safety, transparency and agility being its cornerstone. Design/methodology/approach The study analyses the situation for Tata Power-DDL which needs to realign its strategy to meet emerging sustainability challenges. The case covers the aspect of strategic management, strategy formulation and change management system deployment using tools such as strength, weakness, opportunities, threat (SWOT), political economical social technological legal environment (PESTLE), critical success factor and key performance indicator cascade. It touches upon the emerging need for distribution utilities to look beyond economic signals and take social and environmental impacts into the strategy planning process. Findings It viewed the distribution business beyond its conventional responsibility of making power available to consumers and to provide quality service. A well thought out adaption and adoption of upgraded technology can be a game changer even for a market which is highly regulated and dominated by players in their respective defined territories. Research limitations/implications Since the sector is regulated and each utility has a pre-defined set of area of operation with no competition within its licensed area, hence, there is a limited application of applied strategy tools such as SWOT and PESTLE. Practical implications Since the sector is regulated and each utility has a pre-defined set of area of operation with no competition within its licensed area, hence, there is a limited application of applied strategy tools such as SWOT and PESTLE. Originality/value India as a market is evolving in energy space and utilities are still struggling to have a fundamental structure to meet the agenda of “power to all.” The paper provides the valuable insights into the process of environmental scanning and formulation of organizational strategy to meet the needs of existing and future energy markets.

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Dang, Ke, Hui Ming Zhang, and Xin He. "Research on the Operation Mode of Planned Island and Partitioning Method." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.475.

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The island operation is a new operating mode of the distribution network after the distributed generation is introduced. And it is a beneficial supplement for the operation of the distribution network. The distributed power supply capacity is made full use to ensure the safe operation of the maximum number of significant load when the fault occurs. A combinational algorithm of the planned island partition is presented according to the principle of power balance in the distribution network failure. Heuristic search strategy and the breadth-first search algorithm are adopted by taking into account the characteristics of different types of distributed power. The validity of the method is proved by the example.

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Kyriakou, Dimitra G., and Fotios D. Kanellos. "Sustainable Operation of Active Distribution Networks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053115.

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The present and future conditions in the energy market impose extremely high standards to the operation of building energy systems. Moreover, distribution networks face new operational and technical challenges as a result of the rapid penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and other forms of distributed generation. Consequently, active distribution networks (ADNs) will play a crucial role in the exploitation of smart building prosumers, smart grids, and RES. In this paper, an optimization method for the sustainable operation of active distribution networks hosting smart residential building prosumers, plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) aggregators, and RES was developed. The thermal and electrical loads of the residential buildings were modeled in detail and an aggregation method was implemented to the hosted PEVs. Moreover, smart power dispatch techniques were applied at each building prosumer and PEV aggregator hosted by the active distribution network. Simultaneously, all the operational limitations of the active distribution network, building energy systems, and the hosted PEVs were satisfied. The constrained optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm was exploited to keep the voltages of the hosting distribution network between the permissible bounds. A significant operation cost reduction of 17% was achieved. The developed models were verified through detailed simulation results.

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Mubarak, Hamza, Munir Azam Muhammad, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor, Hazlie Mokhlis, Shameem Ahmad, Tofael Ahmed, and Muhammad Sufyan. "Operational Cost Minimization of Electrical Distribution Network during Switching for Sustainable Operation." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074196.

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Continuous increases in electrical energy demand and the deregulation of power systems have forced utility companies to provide high-quality and reliable services to maintain a sustainable operation and reduce electricity price. One way to continue providing the required services while simultaneously reducing operational costs is through minimizing power losses and voltage deviation in the distribution network. For this purpose, Network Reconfiguration (NR) is commonly adopted by employing the switching operation to enhance overall system performance. In the past, work proposed by researchers to attain switching sequence operation was based on hamming distance approach. This approach caused the search space to grow with the increase in total Hamming distance between the initial and the final configuration. Therefore, a method is proposed in this paper utilizing a Mixed Integer Second Order Cone Programming (MISOCP) to attain optimal NR to address this issue. The Hamming dataset approach is opted to reduce search space by considering only radial configuration solutions to achieve an optimal switching sequence. In addition, a detailed economic analysis has been performed to determine the saving after the implementation of the proposed switching sequence. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated through simulations on IEEE 33-bus distribution network and a practical 71-bus network in Malaysia. The result shows that the proposed method determined the optimal network configuration by minimizing the power losses for the 33 bus and 71-bus system by 34.14% and 25.5% from their initial configuration, respectively to maintain sustainable operation.

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Mobarak, Youssef, Nithiyananthan Kannan, Fahd Alharbi, and Faisal Albatati. "Implementation effects of economics and market operations based model for traditionally integrated power systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1247-1255.

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The main objective of this paper is to introduce power system economic operations in traditionally integrated power systems and market operations in deregulated power systems and study its effects. The power system economic operation is mathematically treated as an optimization problem. Also, a function of economic operation is to minimize generation cost, transmission losses, and so on, subject to power system operation constraints. In this paper, we start from generation cost formulations and introduce traditional economic dispatch model, optimal power flow model, and unit commitment model. With the deregulation of the power industry, integrated power system is unbundled to generation, transmission, and distribution. Electricity is traded in the wholesale market. Small customers purchase energy from electricity retailers through the retail market. The electricity market is operated for energy trading while satisfying power system operation requirements. Electricity market is mathematically modelled as an optimization problem that is subject to power system operation constraints and market operation constraints.

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Stock, Simon, Davood Babazadeh, and Christian Becker. "Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Distribution Power System Operation." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 150098–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125102.

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Vitorino, R. M., H. M. Jorge, and L. P. Neves. "Loss and reliability optimization for power distribution system operation." Electric Power Systems Research 96 (March 2013): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2012.11.002.

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Zhang, Xuefei, Zhiwei Li, Chengzhi Wang, Xuejun Tang, and Sen Yang. "Research on operation and maintenance cost of power grid equipment based on standard operation-taking 220kV transformer substation as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129201005.

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In view of the inadequate implementation of the grid operation and maintenance standards and specifications current, the lack of planning in cost usage, and the inability to achieve single equipment collection of costs, taking 220kV substation as an example, this paper proposes a single asset operation and maintenance cost calculation method based on grid standard operations, and puts forward suggestions on the cost management of grid equipment operation and maintenance. Through verification and analysis with the relevant provisions of the cost supervision and examination method, the power grid company will face greater operating pressure, and the cost management level needs to be further improved. Through the calculation of the operation and maintenance cost of a single asset, it provides a reference basis for the distribution of the operation and maintenance cost of the power grid enterprise, and at the same time provides a reasonable explanation for the power grid enterprise to adapt to the cost supervision and review of the transportation dispatching pricing.

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Chung Phan, Dinh, and Ngoc An Luu. "Optimal connection of wind turbines to distribution grid to minimize power loss." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp159-168.

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This research aims to connect wind turbines to a distribution grid to minimize the power loss and to satisfy the grid’s normal operating condition. The proposed algorithm will determine optimal positions, optimal operation mode and wind turbine type. We must choose the best operation mode from available modes including the constant power factor mode and the constant voltage mode. According to the optimal operation mode, we decide the optimal setting data of wind turbine. This algorithm is coded in MATLAB software and implemented to IEEE 33-buses distribution grid. Noted that in this research, we tested two cases including the original IEEE 33-buses grid and its modification where the power system connected to this grid at multi-position. Results indicated that the proposed algorithm could determine the number of wind turbines, position, optimal operation mode, wind turbine type and the priority order of wind turbine installation to minimize power loss. Moreover, results were also compared to that of other algorithms.

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Xu, Qianhui, and Ying Lan. "Reactive Power Optimization of Distribution Network with Distributed Power Based on MOPSO Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2473, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2473/1/012011.

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Abstract Wind turbine, photovoltaic and other power supply connected to the grid operation brings new critical problems to traditional reactive power optimization. Considering the safety and stability of operation, a reactive power optimization model with two objectives of minimum voltage offset and minimum network loss is established. In MATLAB, the reactive power optimization simulation analysis of the IEEE33 system connected with a wind turbine and photovoltaic is carried out, and the MOPSO algorithm is used to solve the reactive power optimization model. The multi-objective MOPSO algorithm is optimized to improve the stability of power grid operation and reduce the fluctuation of power flow. The network loss is reduced, and the effectiveness of the strategy is verified.

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Jiang, Minmin, and Yunfeng Zhang. "Energy Management Capability in the Reconfigurable Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation for Minimization of Energy Loss." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2023): 8265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148265.

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One of the approaches to improve operation indices, such as power loss and reliability, is to smoothen voltage profiles. Energy management of generation units and network reconfiguration are two methods to achieve this. Hence, the latter is presented in this paper in a distribution with distributed generation units. To this end, an objective function is formulated aiming to minimize power loss and enhance the operating situation of the network. This problem is subject to various constraints and limits such as AC power flow equations, operation limits, planning model, and operation model of distributed generations. It is an integer nonlinear optimization problem and is solved using the crow search algorithm and the optimal solution is obtained. Two major innovations of the study include modeling generation units’ operation and network configuration mathematical expression of operation indicators. The method is applied to a test system and results demonstrate the high performance of this approach in improving the operation of the network. Finding the solution in less time with a satisfying standard deviation are two advantages of the proposed algorithm. Adopting this method, the network operator can reduce power loss through proper management of distributed generation power and optimal scheduling of switches. Moreover, the obtained voltage profile is more desirable in comparison to that of power flow studies.

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Carreno, Alvaro, Marcelo Perez, Carlos Baier, Alex Huang, Sanjay Rajendran, and Mariusz Malinowski. "Configurations, Power Topologies and Applications of Hybrid Distribution Transformers." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051215.

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Distribution systems are under constant stress due to their highly variable operating conditions, which jeopardize distribution transformers and lines, degrading the end-user service. Due to transformer regulation, variable loads can generate voltage profiles out of the acceptable bands recommended by grid codes, affecting the quality of service. At the same time, nonlinear loads, such as diode bridge rectifiers without power factor correction systems, generate nonlinear currents that affect the distribution transformer operation, reducing its lifetime. Variable loads can be commonly found at domiciliary levels due to the random operation of home appliances, but recently also due to electric vehicle charging stations, where the distribution transformer can cyclically vary between no-load, rated and overrated load. Thus, the distribution transformer can not safely operate under highly-dynamic and stressful conditions, requiring the support of alternative systems. Among the existing solutions, hybrid transformers, which are composed of a conventional transformer and a power converter, are an interesting alternative to cope with several power quality problems. This article is a review of the available literature about hybrid distribution transformers.

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Delboni, Luiz Fernando, Antonio Carlos Zambroni da Silva, and Denisson Queiroz Oliveira. "Negative Selection of Artificial Immune Applied to Voltage Inadequacy Detection in Distribution Networks." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0135.

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Abstract The problem of voltage control and reactive power management plays a crucial role on power system’s operations. Particularly, detecting the most effective control actions to reduce the system loss and enhance the voltage profile is of major interest. This paper deals with system voltage inadequacy detection. To address this problem, artificial immune system is employed considering its negative selection mechanism. Its purpose is to monitor system operation data entry and check if the voltage level is within its operating values. In this sense, the user may define the range of control, so the proposed methodology may be useful for normal and emergency operating conditions. Corrective actions are undertaken if necessary. The IEEE 34 nodes distribution system is used to test the proposed methodology.

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Zhai, Weifang, Yongli Liu, and Yiran Jiang. "Research on Integrated Parameter Measurement and Control System of Low Voltage Distribution Network." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2017070103.

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In order to ensure the safe operation of the distribution network and to understand the operation of the distribution network, it is necessary to monitor the various operating parameters of the distribution network in real time and to send the various measurement parameters to the dispatching and monitoring center in time. So the low-voltage distribution network integrated parameter measurement and control has been widely used. This paper introduces a design method of combining two sets of reactive power compensator and distribution network measuring and controlling device into one part. The distribution network measurement and control, power factor correction and reactive power compensation are realized. In a word, the system has simple structure, high precision, and strong anti-interference ability, among other advantages, with great market potential.

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Grisales-Noreña, Luis Fernando, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Brandon Cortés-Caicedo, Farhad Zishan, and Javier Rosero-García. "Optimal Power Dispatch of PV Generators in AC Distribution Networks by Considering Solar, Environmental, and Power Demand Conditions from Colombia." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020484.

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This paper deals with the problem regarding the optimal operation of photovoltaic (PV) generation sources in AC distribution networks with a single-phase structure, taking into consideration different objective functions. The problem is formulated as a multi-period optimal power flow applied to AC distribution grids, which generates a nonlinear programming (NLP) model with a non-convex structure. Three different objective functions are considered in the optimization model, each optimized using a single-objective function approach. These objective functions are (i) an operating costs function composed of the energy purchasing costs at the substation bus, added with the PV maintenance costs; (ii) the costs of energy losses; and (iii) the total CO2 emissions at the substation bus. All these functions are minimized while considering a frame of operation of 24 h, i.e., in a day-ahead operation environment. To solve the NLP model representing the studied problem, the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and its SNOPT solver are used. Two different test feeders are used for all the numerical validations, one of them adapted to the urban operation characteristics in the Metropolitan Area of Medellín, which is composed of 33 nodes, and the other one adapted to isolated rural operating conditions, which has 27 nodes and is located in the department of Chocó, Colombia (municipality of Capurganá). Numerical comparisons with multiple combinatorial optimization methods (particle swarm optimization, the continuous genetic algorithm, the Vortex Search algorithm, and the Ant Lion Optimizer) demonstrate the effectiveness of the GAMS software to reach the optimal day-ahead dispatch of all the PV sources in both distribution grids.

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Rusinaru, Denisa, Claudiu Popirlan, Gabriel Stoian, Cosmin Buzatu, Andrei Negoita, Leonardo Geo Manescu, Adrian Cojoaca, and Mihai Mircea. "Extended Capabilities of the Power Quality Management System of the Power Distribution Grid for Data Exchange." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821002045.

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The actual operation of the power distribution systems asks for high power quality (PQ). This fully justifies the investments in improving the metrics of power grid performances. But maintaining a PQ data infrastructure in a numerous locations is time-consuming and prohibitive. Moreover, each PQ monitor releases its own data format. These considerations justified using of a central PQ management system able to manipulate elliptical and time discontinuous information. The paper presents the characteristics of a webbased application designed to collect the data measured with different technologies of monitors and translate them into a common PQ data interchange format allowing comprehensive and long-duration grid operation assessment. The unitary formatted data generated by this customized software tool can be further processed by a proprietary software platform for PQ management owned by the network operator. The present version of this conversion tool is applicable only for one product family operating in the local power distribution grid. Further development is planned for integrating other two monitor vendors/families.

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Lezhnyuk, Petro, Iryna Hunko, Juliya Malogulko, Iryna Kotylko, and Lіudmyla Krot. "MODELING OF COMPATIBLE WORK OF DISTRIBUTED POWER SOURCES OF ELECTRIC POWER AND CENTRALISED POWER SUPPLY." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 2 (12) (2018): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-2(12)-189-195.

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Urgency of the research. Current trends of distributed generation development in Ukraine indicate a rapid generation in-crease from renewable energy plants. Most developed countries gradually refuse from the fossil fuels use and invest more and more to the “green” energy. Therefore, there is a need for a detailed study of the operation conditions of distributed energy sources due to their instability, as well as the processes that arise in distribution electric networks with diverse types of distributed energy sources. Target setting. In the producing process of power energy by distributed energy sources due to the increase in their num-ber, there are situations where several renewable sources of energy operate to only one system of buses. Thus, such distributive networks acquire the features of a local power system, which complicates the control process of such systems, and also there is a problem with the electricity supply of consumers. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The analysis of publications suggests that in literature more attention is paid to studying the operating modes of solar power plants, or small hydroelectric power plants. However, almost no attention was paid to the study of their cooperation work. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Only a few works are devoted to the study of the cooperation of the diverce sources of distributed energy sources in the local electrical systems. That is why, their impact on power distribution networks and on the grid in general has not been studied extensively. The research objective. In this article was considered the influence of asynchronous generators on small hydroelectric power plants on the operation modes of distribution electrical networks, and were investigated the processes that are occurring in local power systems with different types of distributed energy sources. The statement of basic materials. Based on the research results, was developed a computer model of a such system in the PS CAD software environment. Two solar stations and one small hydroelectric power station with an asynchronous generator were connected to the power supply. It was shown the simulation of two modes of operation: a joint operation of a small hydroelectric power station, two solar power stations and a power supply center; a joint operation of a small hydroelectric pow-er plant, two solar power stations and a power supply disconnected. Conclusions. As a result of computer simulation, it is shown that by switching on a small hydroelectric power plant with an asynchronous generator in the case of an emergency shutdown of centralized power supply, it is possible to restore the work of solar power plants, and thus partially or completely restore the power supply of consumers.

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Jin, Xiuling, Zohre Moradi, and Rohollah Rashidi. "Optimal Operation of Distributed Generations in Four-Wire Unbalanced Distribution Systems considering Different Models of Loads." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (February 2, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8763116.

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The distribution network is generally unbalanced due to the distribution of consumers in different phases and the different status of their energy consumption. Also, in recent years, the utilization of distributed generations (DGs) has flourished in the distribution network, thanks to their favorable operational and environmental benefits. Therefore, it is predicted that the optimal energy management of DGs in the unbalanced distribution network can improve the operation state of the network. Moreover, the consumer load model is generally a combination of constant impedance, constant current, and constant power conditions. Therefore, the current study focuses on the analysis of the operation of unbalanced four-wire distribution systems containing DGs, in which load models are also involved. An optimization structure is established to make the voltage deviation, power loss, neutral wire loss, and voltage unbalance minimized. Limitations of the problem include those related to the network and those concerning operating indices of the system like voltage magnitude and phase angle of buses, power flow through the distribution lines, constraints of operation of DGs, load model, and unbalanced conditions. The problem formed in this study is nonlinear and is solved using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) by implementing it in the GAMS simulation environment. To test the benefits of the introduced approach, a 13-bus distribution system has been adopted so that the optimal operation of DGs in the distribution network has been able to reduce the unbalanced situation of the network compared to the power flow studies. Also, this scheme has improved the operation of network, where energy losses and voltage drop have been reduced compared to power flow studies, and a smooth voltage profile has been extracted.

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Chen, Xiaofang, Li’an Chen, Dong Wang, and Qihao Chen. "Study on safety operation of medium voltage distribution network." E3S Web of Conferences 260 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126002004.

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Aiming at the problem of safe operation in the medium voltage distribution network with neutral point grounding through small resistance, the distribution network model was built, and on this basis, MW-level photovoltaic (PV) system, doubly fed Induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine and energy storage device was connected respectively in this paper. The ground current and earth potential rise was studied when the power was delivered by mistake. The simulation results show that in the system with neutral point grounding through small resistance, whether it is the traditional or the active distribution network, the three-phase power delivery method is more able to ensure the personal safety of power grid operators. However, The access to distributed generator (DG) in the distribution network will have a greater impact on ground current and earth potential rise in the case of three-phase power delivery. Especially when the ground current and earth potential rise will increase after DG connected to distribution network, which is still likely to pose a threat to personal safety and needs further research.

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Huang, Yujie. "Hybrid Game-based Distribution Network and Multi-virtual Power Plant Co-optimization." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (June 12, 2023): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v14i2280.

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This paper proposes a hybrid game-based distribution network-multi-virtual power plant cooperative operation strategy for the different decision-making positions of distribution networks and virtual power plants. Firstly, the distribution system operator (DSO) is introduced as the leader, and the DSO aiming at maximizing its own benefits, formulates a dynamic tariff strategy to guide the virtual power plant cooperative alliance to optimize its operation; the virtual power plant cooperative alliance, as the follower, responds to the DSO's tariff strategy and formulates an autonomous optimization strategy to minimize its own operating costs. Secondly, the Nash bargaining model is used to allocate the benefits of cooperation among the multi-virtual power plant cooperative alliance according to their internal power interactions. The dichotomous method combined with ADMM is used to solve the developed model. The example shows that the hybrid distribution network-multi-virtual power plant game model can effectively enhance the benefits of the distribution network while taking into account the interests of the lower-level virtual power plants.

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Ebby Darney, P. "Design of a Customized Intelligent Electronic Device for Power Circuit Safety." September 2022 4, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2022.3.003.

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The Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are widely used to control the power circuits through an automated control device. The main motive of IEDs is to monitor the power flow, enable the control process and meter the changes. In some cases, the IEDs are employed as an electronic circuit breaker for providing a reliable operation. It is achieved by operating the relays through digital signals. The traditional methods have been using a mechanical system for operating the circuit breakers, which requires a manual operation for resting the breakers. The modern IEDs are developed to reset the operation by its own but such systems are heavily affected through data intrusions. Therefore, a programmed IED is developed in the proposed work to analyze if the decisions made by the IEDs are original or fake in a simulated observation. It is done with a mathematical averaging algorithm with respect to time for estimating a threshold. The experimental outcome indicates that the performance of the customized IED is better over the traditional IEDs. Moreover, the proposed device saves the energy distribution in a power system by avoiding the fake operations created in the IEDs through external intrusions.

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Jiang, Chaopeng, Yongjun Fu, Yachao Wang, Honggang Fan, Jiang Xu, Penglin Zhang, and Wenxue Liu. "Compensation Algorithm for Voltage Dip at Transmission End of Distribution Network Considering Uncertainty of Wind Power." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3348.

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Due to the random interference of voltage fluctuation, the power consumption value is large when actually compensating voltage quality. In view of this problem, a compensation algorithm for sudden voltage drop at the transmission end of distribution network considering the uncertainty of wind power is proposed. Build the Internet of things monitoring architecture for the multi-parameter operation of the transmission end of the distribution network, design a multi-channel acquisition circuit based on this, initially obtain the multi-parameter operation of the transmission end of the distribution network, and build a parameter identification equation to identify the operating parameters of the transmission end of the distribution network. Based on the obtained multi parameters of distribution network equipment operation, a compensation strategy is established. Based on the bus of the regional power station, the power flow calculation method of the regional power grid is constructed, and the topological structure of the regional voltage control points is obtained. The points in the structure are used as the voltage quality evaluation points, and the optimal control function relationship is constructed. Combined with different voltage control results, the sudden drop compensation of the voltage operation state at the transmission end of the distribution network is finally completed. The experimental results show that the controllable voltage value of the compensation algorithm is higher, and the network loss rate is lower, which has a good compensation effect.

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Albadi, M. "SOLAR PV POWER INTERMITTENCY AND ITS IMPACTS ON POWER SYSTEMS – AN OVERVIEW." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 16, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol16iss2pp142-150.

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Although solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are environmentally friendly, policy makers and power system operators have concerns regarding the high penetration of these systems due to potential impacts of solar power intermittency on power systems. Understanding the nature of this intermittency is important to make informed decisions regarding solar power plants, size and location, transmission and distribution systems planning, as well as thermal generation units and electricity markets operations. This article presents a review of solar PV power characteristics and its impacts on power system operation.

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Zhang, Xiaojuan, Liangyan Yu, Yue Liu, Tong Du, and Xuan Li. "Construction of Safety Evaluation Model for Distribution Network with Distributed Generation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2384, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2384/1/012055.

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Abstract With the continuous change in urban power demand, many problems in the urban power system are exposed, and distribution network planning is one of the more prominent ones. In the operation of the distribution network, the access of distributed generation will have a certain degree of impact on power quality, relay protection, current protection of the distribution network, and energy consumption loss. Therefore, in order to improve the evaluation accuracy of the distribution network security evaluation model, obtain a more realistic situation evaluation value, and expand the overall evaluation scope, this paper constructs the distribution network operation security evaluation model under distributed generation access. Firstly, the subjective weight of evaluation is determined, and the evaluation index system of the power grid operation security situation is designed under the background of power access. Secondly, the multi-source extension fuzzy evaluation matrix is constructed, and the model is established by comprehensive weighting processing. Finally, the test experiment is carried out. The test results show that compared with the traditional power grid operation security evaluation model, the power grid situation evaluation value obtained by the distribution network operation security evaluation model constructed in this paper is relatively high. This shows that the model has a good evaluation effect on the operation security of the distribution network, with high evaluation authenticity and small error, and has a high practical application value.

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Nazemi, Mostafa, Payman Dehghanian, Mohannad Alhazmi, and Yousef Darestani. "Resilient Operation of Electric Power Distribution Grids Under Progressive Wildfires." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 58, no. 2 (March 2022): 1632–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2022.3145780.

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Lee, Hee-Jun, Soo-Choel Shin, Suk-Jin Hong, and Chung-Yuen Won. "Integrated Operation of Power Conversion Module for DC Distribution System." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 19, no. 3 (June 20, 2014): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2014.19.3.240.

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Massey, G. W. "Power distribution system design for operation under nonsinusoidal load conditions." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 31, no. 3 (1995): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.382111.

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Shipley, David, and Colin Egan. "Power, Conflict and Co‐operation in Brewer‐Tenant Distribution Channels." International Journal of Service Industry Management 3, no. 4 (December 1992): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09564239210019478.

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Chengliang, Wang, Shui Weilian, Yang Qingsheng, and Ning Yan. "Electromagnetic interference characteristics during switching operation in power distribution network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1486 (April 2020): 062030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1486/6/062030.

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Tesarova, Miloslava, Roman Vykuka, and Martin Kaspirek. "Impact of wind power plant operation on MV distribution grids." CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0241.

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Othman, Mahmoud M., Yasser G. Hegazy, and Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz. "Optimal Operation of Virtual Power Plant in Unbalanced Distribution Networks." Electric Power Components and Systems 44, no. 14 (August 15, 2016): 1620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2016.1183728.

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Oikonomou, Konstantinos, and Masood Parvania. "Optimal Coordinated Operation of Interdependent Power and Water Distribution Systems." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 11, no. 6 (November 2020): 4784–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.3000173.

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Zheng, Yan Wei, Liang Ma, Yong Wu, and Zhi Quan Feng. "The Research on Preventing Mal-Operation Algorithms in Distribution Network." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1895.

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To analyze the operating orders in distribution network with multi-power supply and prevent mal-operation, the topological analysis algorithm and the logic-based analysis algorithm are proposed in this paper. In the topological analysis algorithm, the procedures of opening and closing breakers, isolating switches, and grounding device are expounded, which are based on the topological information of distribution network. In the logic-based analysis algorithm, the operating orders are analyzed according the collocated logical expressions. It needs abundant of artificial information, but it has strong ability to express. The experimental results show these algorithms can determine the simulating operation orders in short response time.

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Rząsa, Dariusz, and Piotr Duda. "Numerical method for determining the allowable medium temperature during transient operation of a thick-walled boiler element in power plant." Archives of Thermodynamics 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0034-0.

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Numerical method for determining the allowable medium temperature during transient operation of a thick-walled boiler element in power plant Secure and cost-effective power generation has become very important nowdays. Care must be taken while designing and operating modern steam power plants. There are regulations such as German boiler regulations (Technische Regeln für Dampfkessel 301) or European Standards that guide the user how to operate the steam power plants. However, those regulations are based on the quasi-steady state assumption and one dimensional temperature distribution in the entire element. This simplifications may not guarantee that the heating and cooling operations are conducted in the most efficient way. Thus, it was important to find an improved method that can allow to establish optimum parameters for heating and cooling operations. The optimum parameters should guarantee that the maximum total stresses in the construction element are in the allowable limits and the entire process is conducted in the shortest time. This paper summarizes mathematical descriptions how to optimize shut down process of power block devices. The optimization formulation is based on the assumption that the maximum total stresses in the whole construction element should be kept within allowable limits during cooling operation. Additionally, the operation should be processed in the shortest time possible.

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Gao, Dengke, Jianguo Jiang, and Shutong Qiao. "Comparing the use of two kinds of droop control under microgrid islanded operation mode." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0025.

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Abstract A microgrid with parallel structure operating under islanded mode is considered in this paper. Under microgrid islanded operation mode, lines bring adverse effect for power distribution between microsources (MSs). Because traditional droop control ignores this effect, MSs adopting this method can not achieve satisfactory power distribution. A kind of droop control including line compensation applied to this microgrid is proposed. It can eliminate this effect to obtain satisfactory power distribution. The relationship of two kinds of droop control with power distribution is analyzed. The reference voltage generated by droop control is applied to control output voltage of MSs. Comparison of two kinds of droop control through MATLAB/Simulink simulation is made to verify the superiority of droop control including line compensation for power distribution. The relationship between PCC voltage and output power of MSs is also presented.

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Garfi, Oumaima, Helmi Aloui, and Nadia Chaker. "Impacts of photovoltaic power source intermittence on a distribution network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 5134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5134-5142.

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The integration of the photovoltaic (PV) solar systems into distribution networks has brought new challenges to the network planners. One of the most interesting is to prevent the impacts of the PV intermittent character on the steady state system operation conditions. This work is aimed to investigate such effect on voltage performance, conventional generator daily behavior and automatic voltage regulator operation. Simulations were conducted on a 33-bus IEEE radial distribution power system. In order to provide a reliable study, a real PV power profile was considered. Obtained results over a period of 24 hours revealed that the PV integration contributes to an enhancement of the overall voltage profile, a considerable saving in the total amount of the produced active power and a reduction of power losses. However, the PV intermittent character causes significant transformation in buses voltages daily profiles as well as changes in production plan. To sum up, this paper reports the alterations, caused by the PV source intermittence, which must be taken into consideration by the distribution networks planners to maintain the overall network parameters within safe operating condition

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Gong, Jianfeng, Yiming Han, Bin Zhang, Panlong Jin, Pengfei Xu, and Xue Feng. "Reactive Power Optimization of Active Distribution Network with Distributed Generation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2399, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2399/1/012043.

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Abstract Taking an active distribution network with distributed generation as an example, this paper designs a reactive power optimization scheme for the operation of a power grid to reduce the node loss in the operation of an active distribution network. The objective function of voltage optimization is established with the minimum active power loss as the optimization objective. According to the stable operation requirements of an active distribution network, the constraint conditions for the objective function are designed. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced to search the particles in the effective workspace of the distribution network. Optimal position of the particles is located in this way. According to the solution set, a reactive power convergence model is constructed. According to the operation state of the active distribution network, the switching times of power equipment are set. The output value of the distributed generation in the power grid is taken as the reactive power optimization target to realize the distribution network’s dynamic reactive power optimization. Taking a large power generation enterprise in the pilot area as the research object, the application experiment is designed. The practice proves that this approach can act in reducing the loss of the distribution network.

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Na, Kwang-Su, Jeong Lee, Jun-Mo Kim, Yoon-Seong Lee, Junsin Yi, and Chung-Yuen Won. "Power Conversion System Operation Algorithm for Efficient Energy Management of Microgrids." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 14, 2021): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222791.

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This paper investigates the operation of each power conversion system (PCS) for efficient energy management systems (EMSs) of microgrids (MGs). When MGs are linked to renewable energy sources (RESs), the reduction in power conversion efficiency can be minimized. Furthermore, energy storage systems (ESSs) are utilized to manage the surplus power of RESs. Thus, the present work presents a method to minimize the use of the existing power grid and increase the utilization rate of energy generated through RESs. To minimize the use of the existing power grid, a PCS operation method for photovoltaics (PV) and ESS used in MGs is proposed. PV, when it is directly connected as an intermittent energy source, induces voltage fluctuations in the distribution network. Thus, to overcome this shortcoming, this paper utilizes a system that connects PV and a distributed energy storage system (DESS). A PV-DESS integrated module is designed and controlled for tracking constant power. In addition, the DESS serves to compensate for the insufficient power generation of PV. The main energy storage systems (MESSs) used in MGs affect all aspects of the power management in the system. Because MGs perform their operations based on the capacity of the MESS, a PCS designed with a large capacity is utilized to stably operate the system. Because the MESS performs energy management through operations under various load conditions, it must have constant efficiency under all load conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a PCS operation algorithm with constant efficiency for the MESS. Utilizing the operation algorithm of each PCS, this paper describes the efficient energy management of the MG and further proposes an algorithm for operating the existing power grid at the minimum level.

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Maghami, Mohammad Reza, and Arthur Guseni Oliver Mutambara. "Optimum Power Flow with Respect to the Capacitor Location and Size in Distribution Network." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122590.

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In the past few decades, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of optimum power flow (OPF) studies in the context of economic analyses of power systems. There is a need for power system development to maximize efficiency by emphasizing cost and power losses for smart grids to operate effectively in the current situation. This study aims to develop an optimal capacitor bank allocation schedule that minimizes power losses in the distribution networks under equality constraints. This will be achieved by integrating the loss factor and voltage stability into a new approach to determine where the capacitor banks should be located. It aims to reduce the operating costs of power systems and maximize efficiency by applying an optimization model for economic dispatch, which considers distributed power generation and demand response. The NSGA-II optimization algorithm was used in this study to determine the optimal size and location of the capacitor bank. A NSGA-II solves this problem by minimizing cost and power losses while determining the best operating strategy. We used an IEEE 26-bus distribution system to test the proposed method with every possible generation change. Comparing the power flow analysis with/without capacitor optimization showed that the operation optimization model of OPF with NSGA-II can reduce operation costs and improve the power system.

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Lu, Xiao Hong, Qiu Shi Zhang, Xue Feng Zhang, and Zhang Rui. "Three-Dimensional Distribution Operation Simulation Training System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 2191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.2191.

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The training of distribution operators is an important link to ensure the safe operation to effectively enhance the training effect,the paper put forward a new teaching form that combining the line operation and simulation training. It firstly analyzes the distribution network simulation training function demand, then designs training simulation system structure,extracts simulation training process,introduces the key technology:three-dimensional simulation technology,then simulation training process,finally gives the system development example. The application result shows the power line operation simulation training system can effectively guarantee the operation training effect,has a great practical significance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Power operation and distribution'

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