Academic literature on the topic 'Power metallurgical technique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Power metallurgical technique"
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Kalyankar, Vivek D., and Hardik V. Naik. "Overview of metallurgical studies on weld deposited surface by plasma transferred arc technique." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 1 (2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020088.
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Research on plasma transferred arc (PTA) coatings has increased contemplation due to its augmented appropriateness which results from the advanced materials used in applications like mining, petroleum and power plant sectors. This article further broadens the research scope of investigation, by influencing metallurgical and processing aspects in accordance with the significance of microstructural changes. Martensitic formation with coarser structure, carbide phase formation and fine interdendritic eutectic matrix are the significant metallurgical aspects for an improved surface characteristic. Welding current, powder feed rate and travel speed, are the significant processing variables to achieve the microstructural changes like uniform dendritic growth, finer grain size, etc. The addition of alloying elements and heat treatment are the most observed processing conditions for the formation of precipitates and carbide phases. A schematic summary, the significance of processing variables, processing conditions and process modelling and simulation on metallurgical aspects have been enumerated in this paper. Further, critical comments and findings from in-depth review have also been discussed for the future scope. Hence, this review will be helpful to ascertain the relation among the microstructural evolution, the applicability of microscopic tools and the mechanical properties for the forthcoming researchers and the industrial persons.
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Ding, Chun, Ge Yan Fu, and Shi Hong Shi. "Research on Process in Laser Cladding of Width-Changing Single Layer Based on Coaxial Inside-Beam Powder Feeding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 574 (July 2014): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.574.347.
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In this paper, coaxial inside-beam powder feeding technique was used. According to theoretical analysis and the single layer cladding experiments, the initial parameters and experimental scheme of width-changing layer cladding based on the coaxial inside-beam powder feeding were confirmed. The theory model of piecewise transition was established. The real-time control of scanning speed and the defocus amount to carry out the experiments were used while the laser power and powder feed rate were not changed. Finally, the layers with uniformly width changing and stable layer height were achieved. Performance analysis showed that the formed layer had smooth surface and a high rigidity without powder paste outside the surface, and the size was basically as same as the design value. Its microstructure was small and dense and good metallurgical combination was formed between part and substrate.
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Lyman, Charles. "Small, Focused Technical Conferences." Microscopy Today 18, no. 2 (March 2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929510000210.
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The feature article in this issue is a prelude to the Microbeam Analysis Society (MAS) Topical Conference on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to be held at the University of Wisconsin, May 24–26, 2010. The popularity of the EBSD technique is growing rapidly. This analytical method is capable of both identifying crystalline phases and determining the orientation of grains and second phases. Phase analysis by EBSD combined with elemental analysis by x-ray emission spectrometry provides the SEM with extraordinary analytical power. Maps of crystal grain orientations are widely used in metallurgical and geological research.
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Kováčik, Jaroslav, Liviu Marsavina, and Emanoil Linul. "Poisson’s Ratio of Closed-Cell Aluminium Foams." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101904.
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A nondestructive impulse excitation technique was used to investigate Poisson’s ratio of powder metallurgical pure closed-cell aluminium foams according to ASTM E 1876 within the foam density range of 0.430–1.390 g·cm−3. Instead of a constant value of 0.34, as according to Gibson and Ashby’s assumption for the Poisson’s ratio of metallic foams, the decrease of the Poisson’s ratio with decreasing foam density was observed. Observed Poisson’s ratio data were in the range of 0.21–0.34. To check the validity of the results, the Young’s modulus was calculated using Poisson’s ratio and its dependence on relative density was successfully modelled using the usual power law function with characteristic exponent of 1.72 ± 0.1. This confirms that the obtained experimental results for Poisson’s ratio are valid. Finally, rule of mixture and percolation theory were used to model the observed decrease of Poisson’s ratio with increasing porosity.
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Lekakh, Simon N., and Jingjing Qing. "Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation during Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview." Metals 13, no. 7 (June 21, 2023): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071154.
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The theory of heterogeneous nucleation was initially developed as a part of condensed matter physics, and later it was used as an important engineering tool to design metallurgical processes. This success has led to wide applications of the theory in metallurgical practice. For example, engineering heterogeneous nucleation in ductile iron has been used to reduce shrinkage defects, suppress cementite formation, and modify the size and shape of microstructural constituencies. This demonstrates how theoretical knowledge could benefit industry practice. This overview aims to summarize the authors’ published studies in co-authorship with colleagues and students, which covers different aspects of engineering heterogeneous nucleation in multiphase cast alloys. Several approaches for engineering heterogeneous nucleation using thermodynamic simulation as well as practical methods for improving efficiency of nucleation using the co-precipitation technique and a local transient melt supersaturation are suggested. Automated scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the simulation predictions. Practical examples of controlling microporosity shrinkage in cast irons with spheroidal graphite are presented to illustrate the power of engineering heterogenous nucleation.
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Mulhi, Ali, Shirin Dehgahi, Prashant Waghmare, and Ahmed J. Qureshi. "Process Parameter Optimization of 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Additively Manufactured by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Technique." Metals 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040725.
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Laser powder bed fusion is an attractive technology for producing high-strength stainless steel alloys. Among the stainless steels, 2507 super duplex stainless steel (2507 SDSS) is known for its excellent combination of corrosion resistance and high strength. Although there are some studies that aimed at optimizing the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) printing parameters to print highly dense 2507 SDSS parts; However, a full optimization study is not reported yet. This study aims at optimizing the printing parameters for 2507 SDSS, namely: laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance. The response surface methodology was used in generating a detailed design of experiment to investigate the different pore formation types over a wide energy density range (22.22–428.87 J/mm3), examine the effects of each process parameter and their interactions on the resulting porosity, and identify an optimized parameter set for producing highly dense parts. Different process parameters showed different pore formation mechanisms, with lack-of-fusion, metallurgical or gas, and keyhole regimes being the most prevalent pore types identified. The lack-of-fusion pores are observed to decrease significantly with increasing the energy density at low values. However, a gradual increase in the keyhole pores was observed at higher energy densities. An optimal energy density process window from 68.24 to 126.67 J/mm3 is identified for manufacturing highly dense (≥99.6%) 2507 SDSS parts. Furthermore, an optimized printing parameter set at a laser power of 217.4 W, a scan speed of 1735.7 mm/s, and a hatch distance of 51.3 µm was identified, which was able to produce samples with 99.961% relative density. Using the optimized parameter set, the as-built 2507 SDSS sample had a ferrite phase fraction of 89.3% with a yield and ultimate tensile strength of 1115.4 ± 120.7 MPa and 1256.7 ± 181.9 MPa, respectively.
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Sukharev, D. Yu. "Assessment of efficiency improvement reserves of maintenance and repair systems of high-voltage electrical equipment of industrial enterprises." Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 16, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2023-2-190-200.
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The problems of choosing a strategy for the maintenance of the equipment of the power supply system of an industrial enterprise, taking into account the risk its failure and the problem of distributing the volume of the repair program in order to reduce maintenance costs and, accordingly, the cost of production, are considered. A method for assessing the magnitude of risk for the technological process of an industrial enterprise of the metallurgical industry, taking into account the power supply scheme of the electric receiver, is proposed. Special attention is paid to taking into account the influence of the power supply system of an industrial enterprise on the operation of final electrical receivers directly involved in the technological process. An example of using the proposed technique in a real power supply system with available statistical data on its failures is considered. The article formulates an approach to assessing the risk of failure of elements of the power supply network of an industrial enterprise, taking into account the operational scheme of power supply, and also shows the insufficiency of assessing the risk of power supply failures only from the failure of circuit elements through which electric power is directly transmitted to the electric receiver in question.
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Cheepu, Muralimohan, D. Venkateswarlu, P. Nageswara Rao, S. Senthil Kumaran, and Narayanan Srinivasan. "Effect of Process Parameters and Heat Input on Weld Bead Geometry of Laser Welded Titanium Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.613.
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Laser beam welding is one of the most favorable welding technique and its importance in industry is demanding due to higher welding speeds and lower dimensions and distortions in the welds. Moreover, its high strength to weld geometries and minimal heat affected zones makes favorable for various industrial applications. In the present study, laser welding of titanium alloy was investigated to observe the effects of parameters on the bead geometry and metallurgical properties. The laser power and welding speeds were varied to identify their impact on the formation of weld geometry. The width and depth of the fusion zone is varied with welding conditions. The finer grains identified in weld zone and the width of heat affected zone was significantly changes with laser welding power. The mechanical properties of the weld joint are controlled by obtaining optimum weld bead geometry and width of the head affected zone in the welds.
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Mazurkiewicz, Andrzej, and Andrzej Poprzeczka. "Evaluation of the quality of layers applied by LDT laser metal deposition." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.140.
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The article presents the results of a study of C45 carbon steel hardfacing using laser metal deposition with Stellit Co-21 powder. The microstructure of the cross-section of samples prepared with different scanning speed and the amount of used powder at constant laser power was observed. Analyzing the cross-sectional areas of the samples, it was found that, at specific production parameters, cracks occur in weld overlay, which should be associated with the amount of heat supplied and discharged, especially at the unheated basis.This may be confirmed by the presence of deposits of weakly branched dendrites in the microstructure, which should be related to the directional heat dissipation process and rapid directional crystallization. It is possible to regulate these phenomena by selecting appropriate processing parameters. The microstructure analysis of cross-sectional areas of samples after hardfacing using LDT technique indicates good metallurgical quality of the deposit with a small heat affected zone of about 660÷760m. The microhardness measurements on the sample cross-sections indicated a wide micohardness distribution ranging from 510HV1 in the weld overlay, about 410HV1 in the heat affected zone, to 270HV1 in the C45 steel base.
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Yang, Yu Ling, Wei Yan, Duo Zhang, Gen Zong Song, and Yi Ran Zheng. "In Situ-Fabrication of TiCN Ceramic Coating on Titanium Alloy by Laser Cladding Technology." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.485.
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The insitu-fabrication of TiCN ceramic coating by laser cladding-laser nitriding technique (LC-LN) was investigated. Pulsed YAG laser with the power of 500W was used as radiation source. Highly pure N2 was selected as the nitriding element; Titanium powder whose size is 20 m and the pure carbon powder were utilized as the coating materials. The influence of technology parameters such as pulse width, pulse frequency and scanning speed etc. on the insitu-formation of TiCN ceramic coating was studied. XRD results show that the main phases of the coating are TiC0.3N0.7 (or TiC0.2N0.8),TiN and TiN0.3. It was revealed that the appropriate process parameters for insitu-fabrication are the pulse frequency 15 Hz, pulse width 3.0ms, the scanning speed in the range of 9cm/min to 12cm/min, the pressure of N2 0.4MPa. The result of OM showed a metallurgical bonding without crack and bubble between the coating and the substrate was obtained. The microstructure of cladded coating is characterized by fine dentrites. The average microhardness in the coating is more than 1300HV which is about 4 times of that in the substrate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Power metallurgical technique"
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Trivedi, Shefali. "Development of thin sheets of Fe-P alloys through powder metallurgical technique and their characterization." Thesis, 2017. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7255.
Full textBooks on the topic "Power metallurgical technique"
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Roll, Kempton H., and Hirschhorn Joel S. Advanced Experimental Techniques in Powder Metallurgy: Based on a Symposium on Advanced Experimental Techniques in Powder Metallurgy Sponsored by the Institute of Metals Division, Powder Metallurgy Committee, Held at the Spring Meeting of the Metallurgical Society of AIME in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1969. Springer, 2013.
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Roll, Kempton H., and Hirschhorn Joel S. Advanced Experimental Techniques in Powder Metallurgy: Based on a Symposium on Advanced Experimental Techniques in Powder Metallurgy Sponsored by the Institute of Metals Division, Powder Metallurgy Committee, Held at the Spring Meeting of the Metallurgical Society of AIME in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1969. Springer, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Power metallurgical technique"
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Tonelli, Gabriele, Michela Faccoli, Roberto Gotti, and Giovanna Cornacchia. "Archaeometallurgical Investigation on Historical Sword-Making Techniques in Northern Italy Between the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." In Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia, 183–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2037-0_6.
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AbstractThe history of Brescia (Latin Brixia), a city in northern Italy, is characterized by a long manufacturing tradition, in particular the crafting of steel weapons and armor. This was made possible thanks to the availability of iron ore, the great forests from which to obtain charcoal, the numerous streams used as the driving force for power hammers and forges, but most importantly the ingenuity and industry of the people. Beginning in the pre-Roman age, the skills of the masters and craftsmen steadily progressed over the centuries, until Brescia and its vicinity became one of the most important arms production centers in Europe between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. This paper presents an overview of the weapon manufacturing region of northern Italy, in particular Brescia. Moreover, a metallurgical study performed on an early seventeenth century north Italian “storta” sword has shed light on historical sword-smithing technologies and enabled us to discover the secrets behind the high-quality Italian weapons.
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Wong, Ka C. "From Angel Food Cake to Porous Titanium – A Novel Powder Metallurgical Approach for Metallic Foam Utilizing Food Processing and Ceramic Processing Techniques." In Materials Science Forum, 353–56. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.353.
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Gordon, Robert B. "A Landscape Transformed." In A Landscape Transformed. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128185.003.0012.
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Fluctuations in the national economy buffeted the Salisbury iron industry, but choices Salisbury’s own ironmakers made about metallurgical technique determined both its course and its demands on the environment. A year-by-year count of the number of Salisbury forges and furnaces shows the rise and decline of the district’s ironmaking, modulated by fluctuations in the national (or, earlier, colonial) economy. The district’s bloomery forges made the wrought-iron products most wanted in the early eighteenth century. Because of the limited demand for castings (as well as the large investment required), a single blast furnace sufficed in the district until 1810. By then, the Salisbury ironmakers had entered the market for high-quality wrought iron made by the indirect process and needed to enlarge the supply of pig iron for the new finery forges that began to supplant the old bloomeries. Local entrepreneurs added two new furnaces. By 1848, sixteen furnaces met the demand for pig from the additional finery forges built from 1825 through 1833, together with the requirements of the new puddling works. The smaller furnaces that specialized in making forge pig lost their market as the fineries, followed by the puddling works, closed in the 1850s. The remaining furnaces, making pig iron for foundries that specialized in chilled-iron railroad wheels, carried on until the railroads’ adoption of steel wheels curtailed this market in the twentieth century. The national ebb and flow of business, along with disruptions caused by war, modulated the trends established by the techniques the Salisbury ironmasters chose and the types of products they sold. Investment in bloomeries accelerated during the colonial prosperity of the 1740s and slowed during the wars with the French and the Revolution. Return of settled times in the early Republic led many individuals and partnerships to build bloomery forges in the years up to 1807 and to invest in furnaces and finery forges. Hard times after the War of 1812 suspended new investment. The period of the district’s greatest growth fell in the economic expansion from 1824 through 1837, when New England entrepreneurs made rapid progress in developing the American system of manufactures based on interchangeable parts and power-driven machine tools.
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M. Orona-Hinojos, Jesus. "Innovative Double Cathode Configuration for Hybrid ECM + EDM Blue Arc Drilling." In Drilling Technology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97547.
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Electrical discharge machining is a machining method generally used for machining hard metals, those that would be high cost or have poor performance to machine with other techniques using, e.g., lathes, drills, or conventional machining. Therefore, also known as thermal processes like EDM, Plasma or Laser cutting can be used in drilling operations with poor metallurgical quality on cutting edge and will be necessary complement with other processes such as electrochemical machining (ECM). Both ECM and EDM processes use electrical current under direct-current (DC) voltage to electrically power the material removal rate (MRR) from the workpiece. However in ECM, an electrically conductive liquid or electrolyte is circulated between the electrode(s) and the workpiece for permitting electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece material. While the EDM process, a nonconductive liquid or dielectric is circulated between the cathode and workpiece to permit electrical discharges in the gap there between for removing the workpiece material. Both are principle too different, EC using an electrical conductive and ED using a dielectric medium. But exist a way that can to do a combination of Pulsed EC + ED Simultaneous and allowing the coexist both process, in a semidielectric medium, where both condition exist in the same time, therefore in this hybrid is possible create a tooling device dual cathode for drilling process with promissory advantages fast hole for this innovative hybrid ECDM Simultaneous, this hybrid it’s knew as blue arc drilling technology.
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Kobayashi, Shiro, Soo-Ik Oh, and Taylan Altan. "Compaction and Forging of Porous Metals." In Metal Forming and the Finite-Element Method. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195044027.003.0016.
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Powder forming, once considered a laboratory curiosity, has evolved into a manufacturing technique for producing high-performance components economically in the metal-working industry because of its low manufacturing cost compared with conventional metal-forming processes. Generally, the powder-forming process consists of three steps: (1) compacting a precise weight of metal powder into a “green” preform with 10–30% porosity (defined by the ratio of void volume to total volume of the preform); (2) sintering the preform to reduce the metal oxides and form strong metallurgical structures; (3) forming the preform by repressing or upsetting in a closed die to less than 1% residual porosity. Powder forming has disadvantages in that the preform exhibits porosity. Because of this porosity, the ductility of the sintered preform is low in comparison with wrought materials. In forging compacted and sintered powdered-metal (P/M) preforms, where large amount of deformation and shear is involved, pores collapse and align in the direction perpendicular to that of forging and result in anisotropy. However, repressing-type deformation, where very little deformation and shear are present, does not lead to marked anisotropy. A low-density preform will result in more local flow and a higher degree of anisotropy than will a preform of high initial density. These anisotropic structures can lead to nonuniform impact resistances of the forged P/M parts. Also, in forming of sintered preforms, materials are more susceptible to fracture than in forming of solid materials, and the analysis is of particular importance in producing defect-free components by determining the effect of various parameters (preform and die geometries, sintering conditions, and the friction conditions) on the detailed metal flow. In this chapter, the plasticity theory for solid materials is extended to porous materials, applicable to the deformation analysis of sintered powdered-metal preforms. In characterizing the mechanical response of porous materials, a phenomenological approach (introducing a homogeneous continuum model) is employed. For the finite-element formulations of the equilibrium and energy equations based on the infinitesimal theory, the following assumptions are made: the elastic portion of deformation is neglected because the practical forming process involves very large amounts of plastic deformation; the normality of the plastic strain-rates to the yield surface holds; anisotropy that occurs during deformation is negligible; and thermal properties of the porous materials are independent of the temperatures.
Conference papers on the topic "Power metallurgical technique"
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Shejale, Girish M. "Metallurgical Evaluation and Condition Assessment of FSX 414 Nozzle Segments in Gas Turbines by Metallographic Methods." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22542.
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Gas turbine components such as nozzle segments, buckets, transition pieces and combustion liners experience damages such as creep, fatigue, high temperature oxidation and corrosion. The reliability, availability and efficiency of high temperature gas turbine parts is based on condition assessment and remaining life analysis. These gas turbine components are normally repaired, refurbished after stipulated operating hours. The decision on the extent of repairs is based on various inspection stages. Among various methodologies of condition assessment, metallography followed by microscopic evaluation has gained wide acceptance since it is cost effective, quick and reliable. Extensive in-house efforts have been put forth in this field in the development of improved techniques of metallography for accurate determination of material degradation and condition assessment. Experimental studies on Frame 6, 1st Stage Nozzle Segment (FSX 414 – cobalt based alloy) were conducted to assess the condition of the nozzle segment by using laboratory electropolishing technique for metallographic preparation. Sections taken from the nozzle segment were electropolished and examined in Light Optical Microscope (LOM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It is concluded that the improved electropolishing technique is effective in assessing creep-fatigue, thermal fatigue and hot corrosion damage. Based on this the condition of the nozzle segment is assessed. Typical results of Frame 6, 1st Stage Nozzle Segment are presented and discussed.
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Nava, Irene, and Douglas Nagy. "Selection of Overlays for Single Crystal Shrouded Turbine Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30661.
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Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar) is investigating innovative turbine designs that will allow higher electrical efficiency and output power. Liburdi Engineering Limited (Liburdi) and Solar have evaluated the application of a powder metallurgy process based upon the Liburdi Powder Metallurgy (LPM™) repair process. The technique applies a chrome carbide and nickel-chrome alloy composite hardfacing onto a turbine blade’s Z-notches. Processing techniques (such as material form, alloy-hardface ratio optimization, binder ratio and heat treatment cycles) were investigated (some of the details developed at Liburdi are proprietary). Metallurgical, mechanical and short-term oxidation properties of the composite have been studied and defined by Solar. The LPM process was found to be feasible and practical to be applied on CMSX-4 single-cystal Z-notches of shrouded blades.
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Ghosh, Gourhari, Prakhar Jain, Anil Saigal, and Ramesh Singh. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 / Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Metal Matrix Composite Coating Produced by Laser Directed Energy Deposition Technique." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96945.
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Abstract Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess a favorable combinations of mechanical, thermal, physical and metallurgical properties which can be engineered by controlling composition, concentration, size and dispersion of the ceramic particles in the metallic matrix. Laser directed energy deposition (DED) technique has the ability to fabricate MMC coatings with good mechanical properties and sound metallurgical bonding. Owing to those beneficial aspects, LDED has become one of the most important fabrication techniques of MMC. Despite of immense applications of MMCs, there has been very limited research work reported in the literature regarding the development of MMC coatings. In the present study, Inconel 718/Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) MMC coating is deposited on the H13 steel substrate via laser DED process. This MMC can find its application as ultra-high strength thermal barrier coatings in aerospace, power generation, defense equipment manufacturing and die/mold making industries. Three types of MMCs, Inconel-1 wt. % YSZ, Inconel-2 wt. % YSZ, and Inconel-3 wt. % YSZ are fabricated in order to assess the effect of YSZ weight percentage on the microstructure and mechanical properties (i.e., micro-hardness and porosity) of the MMC. Based on the mechanical properties and microstructural study, the optimum amount of YSZ in MMC is determined and it is observed that Inconel-1 wt. % YSZ composite coating exhibits better mechanical (i.e., hardness = 495 ± 7 HV, and porosity = 4 %) and metallurgical properties.
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Li, Xin-Hai, and Johan Moverare. "The Use of Acoustic Emission Technology in Coating Ductility Testing at Various Temperatures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53054.
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In this study, tests of ductility and ductile to brittle transition temperature DBTT of both PtAl RT22 and MCrAlY Amdry 997 coatings on both single crystal and polycrystalline substrates (CMSX-4, SCB, and In792) have been carried out. An acoustic emission detection technique that makes the detection of coating failures (micro cracking and delamination) possible has been employed during the tensile tests. The acoustic emission AE detection has been calibrated on the uncoated substrates and on some coated specimens at various testing temperatures and at different strain rate, together with metallurgical examination. A correlation between AE signals and failure types is established. It has been found that the substrate materials generate also some AE signals during plastic deformation. The amplitude of the AE signals depends strongly on the type of substrate material and the testing temperature but slightly on the strain rate. The substrate emissions may disturb the detection of coating failure. However, except for the disturbance from the substrate materials, the AE is still a sensitive, reliable, and useful technique to detect coating failures at various temperatures. The ductility results determined in this study have shown that the overlay coating Amdry 997 has a lower DBTT ∼550°C and higher ductilities than the diffusion coating RT22. Both of these differences indicate that Amdry 997 is much more ductile than RT22.
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Billaud, G., N. Barka, A. El Ouafi, A. Chebak, and J. Brousseau. "Prediction of Hardness Profile of 4340 Steel Plate Heat Treated by Laser Using 3D Model and Experimental Validation." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37678.
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The paper presents a study of hardness profile of 4340 steel plate heat treated by scanning laser technique using 3D model. The proposed approach is carried out in three distinguished steps. First, a commercial software 3D model was developed using an adequate formulation and taking into account the nonlinear behaviour of the material. Second, the hardness curve is approximated from the temperature distribution using metallurgical assumptions related to the kinetic transformation and the temperature-time transformation diagram. Then, the case depth is analyzed quantitatively versus the beam power density and scanning speed. Finally, the developed approach is validated using experimental tests. The gap between simulation and experience results is determined. The obtained results allow predicting of the hardness profile with a fairly good precision.
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Glaspell, Aspen, Jae Joong Ryu, and Kyosung Choo. "Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Ti6Al4V-NiTi Dissimilar Laser Welding Process." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-58537.
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Abstract Fiber Laser Welding (FLW) is a versatile joining technique of metals and alloys because it allows welding of dissimilar materials without filler material. FLW utilizes intensified heat energy to liquify the workpiece interface and joins when they are solidified. In this study, dissimilar joining between Ti6Al4V-Nitinol was performed using FLW process and the thermomechanical model was developed to understand the metallurgical mechanisms and investigate weldability of dissimilar alloys. The FLW of Ti6Al4V and Nitinol plates was performed with variable power density, welding speed, and focal distance. In this three-dimensional numerical model, heat flows in two different workpieces were computed during active laser welding and cooling process using a combined effect of radiation and convection. Both of the top and bottom surfaces of the welded zone were studied considering the combined effect from focused heat source and Argon shielding gas. Significant thermal cracks were produced through the welded interface. However, this numerical study illustrated thermomechanical foundation and discuss future challenges to improve the integrity and desirable FLW parameters in the dissimilar metal joining.
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Matikas, Theodore E., Prasanna Karpur, and Robert L. Crane. "Ultrasonic measurement of elastic moduli of porous powder metallurgical samples." In Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Aging Infrastructure and Manufacturing, edited by Steven R. Doctor, Carol A. Nove, and George Y. Baaklini. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.259075.
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Guan, Kaishu, Limeng Xu, Cheng Wen, and Jiru Zhong. "Development and Standardization of Small Punch Testing Techniques in China." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63440.
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In the recent years, small punch testing (SPT) techniques has made great progress in China. The SPT was studied to estimate the tensile properties, the fracture toughness and ductile-to brittle transition temperature, and the creep behavior. In 2012, a standard of small punch testing was issued in China and the application of SPT in power generation and petrochemical industry has become a prime candidate. The present paper concentrates on progress of technique and standardization and industrial acceptance in assessing the structure integrity in China. China has carried out close cooperation with Material & Metallurgical research Ltd in Czech to compare Standards between China and EU code. The size of specimen and jig was researched and compared each other. The influence of jig and test machine was researched and improved the specific requirement of jig and test machine. The evolution of stress state of deformation process of specimen in SPT was clarified. The results showed that at initial stage the elastic bending stress is predominant and then the stress state dominated by membrane stress with the decreasing of elastic bending stress and the increasing of punch displacement. The reason for introducing the specimen thickness h2 to the equation for correlating yield load of SPT with yield strength, and the reason for introducing specimen thickness h to equation for correlating the maximum load of SPT with tensile strength were provided respectively. The correlation equation of ductile to brittle transition temperature and SPT energy transition temperature TSP was established and it was successfully used to evaluate embrittlement of hydrogenation reactor. Small punch creep testing by reverse finite element simulation was carried out and used to evaluate the creep life in power generation industry. Fracture toughness and Master curve using SPT by reverse finite element simulation combined with local approach was studied.
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Parmar, Parth, Sachin Alya, Ramesh Singh, and Anil Saigal. "Development of a Thermal Barrier Coating via Direct Energy Deposition." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73730.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Laser cladding is a direct energy deposition method that is used to deposit desired property material on the substrate with sound metallurgical bond and has well-known applications, like surface depositions, for improving or altering the corrosion and/or wear resistance of the material. The laser cladding process involves various physical phenomena occurring together. It is a layer by layer deposition technique. The accuracy and precision of the laser cladding process are high because of the controlled heat input and minimal dilution. With these beneficial aspects, laser cladding finds application in the development of a thermal barrier coating. This paper is focused on the development and characterization of a thermal barrier coating via laser cladding. Parametric study to clad Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) on H13 tool steel was performed using 3kW fiber laser and 6-axis KUKA robot. For the engineered thermal response of the thermal barrier coating, i.e., thermal diffusivity, different methods were studied. Characterization of the laser flash method is done for accurate thermal diffusivity measurement. In addition, the effects of process parameters such as scanning speed, laser power, and powder flow rate on the macro clads and micro clad geometry, surface roughness, and microhardness have been studied. The deposition height and width were found to be increasing with an increae in laser power for both microscale and macro-scale depositions. Also, if the scanning speed is increased, the deposition height and width decrease. The hardness of the deposited Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia coating was found to be ∼1400 HV.
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Mortazavian, Ershad, Zhiyong Wang, and Hualiang Teng. "Thermal-Kinetic-Mechanical Modeling of Laser Powder Deposition Process for Rail Repair." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10758.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study established a three-dimensional, thermal-kinetic-mechanical finite element (FE) model to simulate an additive manufacturing process with a laser powder deposition (LPD) approach for repairing a 75-lb rail that is broadly used for light rail transportation in the US. A worn rail specimen is repaired using 304L stainless steel powders as the deposition material for lab tests. The researchers incorporated an element-birth-and-kill technique to activate the deposition elements step-by-step, according to the build-up strategy along which the laser heat source is translated simultaneously. The laser power attenuation and solid-state transformation expressions are described using external user-defined subroutines for thermal and kinetic analysis, respectively. A set of equations for calculation of hardness for both of the rail and deposition materials are also defined and developed in the FE model. The microstructure distribution coming from kinetic analysis output is employed for hardness calculation. The estimation of the width and depth of the dilution zone in thermal analysis is compared with the experimental results of the repaired specimen to validate the thermal model. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope (OM) analyses, along with a Rockwell B-scale hardness test are performed to validate the outgoing microstructure and hardness results of the FE model. Mechanical analysis results showed that residual thermal stresses can significantly reduce the safety margin against shearing off the deposition part under a dynamic train load. The validated model demonstrated great potential for investigating the effects of the variation of different LPD process parameters on the final mechanical and metallurgical properties of the repaired rail.